Lesson Introduction to Population Education
9.1
In the year 1000 AD, the world population was only 400
FACTS million. In 1750 AD 750 years later the population was
to Understand 800 million and it first reached the 1 billion mark in 1804.
By 1972 we had 2 billion people and 3 billion by 1960.
But it only took 40 years until 2000 for the population to
double again to 6 billion.
Population refers to all the inhabitants of a particular place. In simple words,
the people living within a political or geographical boundary is called population.
Population education is an educational process. It helps people to understand the
nature, the causes and consequences of population growth. It is the education
about population matters i.e. fertility, mortality, migration, etc. According to the
UNESCO “population Education is an educational programme which provides for
the study of population situation of the family, the community, nation and world,
with the purpose of developing in the student's rational and responsible attitudes
and behaviour towards that situation.
201 Dynamic Social Studies and Population Education - Book VII
The population education is the study of human population in relation to the
environment with a view of improving the quality of life without adversely
affecting the environment. “
Hence, population education is an exploration of knowledge and attitudes about
population, family, living style, reproduction, education and basic values.
Objectives of Population Education
The objectives of population education are given below:
1. To provide knowledge and understanding of the privilege situation
2. To create awareness among the students about population matters
3. To provide necessary skill to evaluate the impact and consequences of
population growth on society
4. To develop awareness on the population day
5. To give the knowledge about the causes of urbanization and its related
problems.
6. To give the knowledge of population policy and population measures.
7. To provide the knowledge of manpower management and resource
development.
Importance of Population Education
Population education was coined by professor S. R. WayLand of Columbia
University, the USA in 1935. So he is known as the 'Father of Population
Education'. The population program was initiated in BS 2037 in Nepal. Educating
students on population dynamics was introduced in many Asian countries during
the 1970s. The population education was included in school and university
curriculum in Nepal. Likewise, the Ministry of Population and Environment was
established in Nepal in BS 2052. Thus, population education is needed to control
the population growth and to improve the quality of life. In Nepalese context,
people give birth to their children until they get a son. This leads to population
growth. Early marriage is still practised in rural societies which is one of the
reasons for population growth. So population education is necessary in Nepal.
Hence it is kept as a course of study in schools as well as colleges. Population
education teaches people about the importance and values of a small family to
make a family life healthy, happy, peaceful and prosperous. It teaches ways of
better and happy life by providing all the facilities. It also makes people aware
of the fact that the consequence will be not only to the family member but also to
society, country and even to the world.
Dynamic Social Studies and Population Education - Book VII 202
Key Words
fertility : the birth rate of a population
mortality : the death rate of a population
coin : originate
Write a letter to your friend describing about population education
Activity with its importance.
Exercise
I. Fill in the blanks with suitable words:
a. ………………….. refers to all the inhabitants of a particular place.
b. Population ……………..create awareness among the students about
population matters.
c. Population education was coined by professor ……………………….
d. The population education program was initiated in ……………..
e. Ministry of ……………………was established in Nepal in BS 2052.
II. Answer the following questions:
a. Define population.
b. How does UNESCO define population education?
c. What are the objectives of population education?
d. Describe the importance of population education.
e. Do you think population education should be included in the course of
study? Explain.
f. Give a short introduction to population education along with its
importance.
Community Work
Visit your community and find out the total number of people of your locality. Also
find out the number of male and female of your locality.
203 Dynamic Social Studies and Population Education - Book VII
Lesson Scopes of Population Education
9.2
and Family Life Education
It’s estimated that every second there are 4.3 births and
FACTS 1.8 deaths, which adds up to a net population gain of 2.5
to Understand people per second.
In the previous lesson we learnt about population education, its objectives
along with its importance. Here, we are going to study about the scope or areas
of population education with its development process. The scope of population
education is very wide because it is directly related with each and every human
activity. Its subject matter varies according to social, economic and political
condition of a country. The scope of population education can be divided into the
following five categories:
1. Demography
Demography is the study of population and deals with the measurement
and analysis of birth rate, death rate, migration rate, etc. The major elements
of demography are birth, death and migration. Demography is the science of
population. We study the size, composition, distribution, density and population
change under it. Population size means the total number of people. Population
distribution means the arrangement of population according to geographical and
administrative divisions. Composition refers to the distribution of population
according to age, sex, caste, religion, occupation.
2. Determination of Population Change
Population keeps on changing and the factors responsible for population
change are birth, death and migration. The factor of population change are also
called determinants of population change. It also comprises biological, social and
cultural aspects which directly affect the elements of population change. Lack of
nutrition, lack of proper health and service, illiteracy, poverty, etc. also influence
the population change.
3. Consequences of Population Growth
The rapid population growth directly affects economic, social and environment
aspects of a place with the increase of population. The needs and demands also
increases, for example, facilities of water, education, employment, housing, etc.
Dynamic Social Studies and Population Education - Book VII 204
Insufficient demands or facilities may affect the society, especially the health of
the people. Thus, it deals with analysis of population growth and its consequences
in daily life.
4. Human Sexuality and Reproductive System
The fundamental aspects of human sexual and reproduction process like
sexual behavior, development of human reproductive system and associated
problems come under it. The role of male and female in population change can
also be included in this area. This scope of population education helps to develop
a positive attitude towards reproductive health.
5. Planning for Future
Various aspects of population management like appropriate age of
marriage, first conception, birth spacing, family planning, family welfare, use of
contraceptives, responsibilities of parents, etc. are included in this scope. This
area intends to help student to develop awareness about the sex behavior and
plan their future properly. It also helps to secure happiness and prosperity in the
family.
Family Life Education
Family refers to a social unit of two or more persons related by blood, marriage,
or adoption and having a shared commitment to the mutual relationship. It
consists of father, mother, son, daughter, uncle, aunt, grandfather, grandmother,
cousins, etc. Family is one and the only place where our life begins and love never
ends. Family teaches children about habit, discipline which not only help them
to find a job but also help them to live a perfect life in future. Though we have
lots of friends or office mates, parents are the only one who stay with us in our
hard and difficult times. Our parents are our creator so they can understand our
feelings well. Family make better society. If every family member works hard and
build an optimal family they become a good example of that whole society. Our
family always encourage us in every step of our life. In order to bring happiness
in family Family Life Education develops the knowledge, values and skills which
are necessary for adulthood, marriage and parenthood as well as participation
in community life. Family Life Education is an educational process that helps in
developing physical, social emotional and moral character of people in relation to
the socio culture aspects of the society. The importance of family life education is
given below:
a. It helps the young people to solve family problems.
b. It develops the knowledge about different roles, functions and maintenance
of family.
205 Dynamic Social Studies and Population Education - Book VII
c. It provides knowledge about maintaining good relationship among the
members of the family and other people of the society.
d. It helps to deal with the changes in the adolescents' lives in their society.
e. It helps to make the family happy and prosperous.
Thus, Family Life Education is very essential for an individual, a family and a
society. There are two types of families:
1. A nuclear family which is made up of parents and their more children living
together. A single parent family is one where there is one parent and one or
more children.
2. An extended family or joint family means father, mother, daughter, sons,
grandparents, uncles, aunts, cousins, nieces and nephews.
Psychologist Maslow has divided needs of a family into two categories:
Basic needs : Food, shelter, clothing, health, education and security.
Additional needs : Love, affection, respect, freedom, self-development
and belongings.
Every family should have the objective of the welfare, development and prosperity.
There must be a balance between the size and the resources on income of the
Family Life Education so that they will be aware of their physical, mental,
social and emotional development. The most important things about Family Life
Education is that it helps newly married couple and parents to understand and
perform their responsibilities effectively and successfully. Hence, Family Life
Education helps to extricate and teaches them the suitable behavior to cope with
the problems.
Key Words
contraceptives : means by which impregnating a woman can be prevented
intend : purpose
optimal : best or ideal
adolescent : a teenager
extricate : to free
Write an essay on “Importance of family life education “.
Activity
Dynamic Social Studies and Population Education - Book VII 206
Exercise
I. State whether following statements are true or false.
a. Population size means total number of people.
b. Factors responsible for population change are birth, death and
migration.
c. There are only father and mother in a family.
d. Family cannot make a better society.
e. Basic needs refer to love, affection, respect, etc.
f. Family Life Education helps young people to solve family
problems.
II. Answer the following questions:
a. What do you mean by a family? Why is it important?
b. Write about the scope of population education in brief
c. What are the factors affecting population change?
d. Write short notes on:
i. Demography
ii. Family Life Education
iii. Consequences of Population Growth
e. What is Family Life Education? Why is it necessary? Explain.
f. Do you think Family Life Education is important? Explain
g. Explain the types of family.
h. Which type of family do you prefer and why?
Community Work
Visit your community and find out the types of families living in your community
and prepare a report on it.
207 Dynamic Social Studies and Population Education - Book VII
Lesson Sources of Population Data
9.3
About 1.8 billion people around the world are between
FACTS ages of 10 and 24 which is the largest population of
to Understand young people ever. In fact about 52 % of the total world
population is under 30 years old .
The sources of population data means the place from where the data is collected
that provides full information about population. Data related to the population
can be acquired by the process of collecting, compiling, evaluating, analyzing
and otherwise disseminating demographic, economic and social data, at specified
time, to all persons in a country. Such data help to formulate and implement the
various policies and planning in a country. The sources of population data can be
classified into two groups:
i. Primary Sources
ii. Secondary Source
1. Primary Sources
Any data collected by the investigator himself/herself is primary data.
Primary sources provide direct or firsthand evidence about an event, object,
person or work of art. Primary sources include historical and legal documents,
eyewitness accounts, results of experiments, statistical data, etc. Primary sources
are collected from census, vital registration, sample surveys and administrative
records.
a. Census
It is the main source of population data. The UN (1970) defines census
as “the process of collecting, compiling, evaluating, analyzing and publishing
demographic, economic and social data pertaining at a specified time to all person
in a country or in a well-delimited territory of a country “ The first census was
th
carried out in Nepal in BS 1968. The last census BS 2068 was the 11 census of
Nepal.
A population census determines the size of a country’s population and the
characteristics of its people, such as their sex, background, marital status, income,
literacy, religion, language, caste, ethnic, group, economically active population,
education, number of children, employment status, occupation, etc.
Dynamic Social Studies and Population Education - Book VII 208
b. Vital Registration
It is the administrative system used by the government to record vital events
which occur in their population. In this system various vital events like birth,
death, marriage, divorce, migration, adoption, etc. are recorded. It is the most
st
common way of collecting information. It was started in Nepal on 1 Baisakh
2034 in ten districts. In BS 2047 this system is also known as Civil Registration
System. Thus it records the vital events which occur in the population.
c. Sample Survey
It is the process of selecting a sample of elements from a target population to
conduct a survey. In other words it is a process of collecting, compiling, analyzing,
evaluating and publishing demographic social and economic data about the sample
population at a specified time. It often involves a questionnaire which is used to
measure the characteristics and attitudes of people. Sample process is applicable
if an area has a very large number of household and censuses enumeration process
becomes difficult. Thus the method of collecting information from population is
called a sample survey.
d. Administrative Records
Administrative records are the information on population collected by
different administrative authorities. The government or the non-government
organization keeps the records for administrative purpose. It is a data collected
by administrative units like number of students, telephone directory, records of
public servants, health status, etc.
2. Secondary Sources
Secondary data are those data which are already prepared and compiled
by different national and international organization for their own purposes.
Secondary sources are journal, magazines reports, non-governmental agencies,
etc. Hence secondary data are collected from books, magazine, persons, agencies,
the internet, etc.
Key Words
disseminating : spread or circulate
questionnaire : a list of question
pertain : to belong to or be a part of
enumeration : to determine the amount of
209 Dynamic Social Studies and Population Education - Book VII
Organize a debate competition on ‘Primary sources of population
Activity data are more reliable than secondary sources’.
Exercise
I. Fill in the blanks with suitable words:
a. There are two types of sources of population data: ………………………..
and ………………………..
b. The first census was carried out in Nepal in ………………….
c. ………………was started in Nepal on 1st Baisakh BS 2034.
d. The method of collecting information from population is called a
……………….
e. ………………………is the example of administrative records.
II. Answer the following questions:
a. What do you mean by sources of population data?
b. Explain the types of sources of population data.
c. Write the differences between primary and secondary sources of
population data.
d. Explain any two primary sources of population.
e. Write about secondary sources of data with examples.
f. Which sources of data would you like to prefer? Explain in brief
Community Work
Collect the data about the number of students with their details of your school using
different sources of population data and present it in your classroom.
Dynamic Social Studies and Population Education - Book VII 210
Lesson Population Change and Factors
9.4
Affecting It
World population Day is observed on July 11. It was
FACTS founded by United Nations Development Programme in
to Understand 1989 AD.
population growth rate trend in Nepal
Population change refers to change in the number of people during the specific
time. The population of any place of the world keeps on changing with time.
The major factors affecting population change are birth, death and migration.
If birth takes place population increases and it decreases due to death. Due to
migration in a particular place also population changes. More population means
requirement of more natural and other resources and means. There is more
demand of basic needs like food, shelter, clothing, etc. The increase of population
211 Dynamic Social Studies and Population Education - Book VII
results in population growth which is the rate at which population changes in
size. Thus, birth and immigration add individuals to a population whereas deaths
and emigration remove individuals from a particular.
Factor Affecting Population Growth
Population growth is the increase in the number of individuals in a population.
Global human population growth amounts to around 83 million annually or 1.1%
per year. The global population has grown from 1 billion in 1800 to 7.616 billion
in 2018. In Nepal as well population is growing rapidly.
The increase of population can be a threat to a country. There are many reasons
of population growth some of them are mentioned below:
1. Illiteracy
Illiterate people think that children are the gifts of god. They also think
more children more money. If they give birth to more children, each of them can
earn money. This results in high population growth. Because of lack of education
female give birth to more number of children and even early marriage occurs due
to lack of education which results in high number of population.
2. Economic Condition
Most of the people are poor in Nepal. They consider the child as the source of
income and want to have more number of children. People do not know about the
negative consequences of having more number of children. It becomes difficult for
the poor family (especially) to raise high number of children. They become poorer
and poorer as well.
3. Social Customs and Tradition
Our country has varieties of social customs and tradition. The custom of
believing to have more number of children in a family is wrong. Some give birth
to the children until they get a son. Some think there should be more number of
children or member in a family. This leads to the increase of population. Females
of the ages between 15 and 49 years have the capacity to reproduce children.
Because of early marriage females keep producing more children. As a result the
population is increased.
4. Religious Norms and Beliefs
In Nepal, there is strong belief that each couple should have a son otherwise
they would go to hell after their death. It is also believed that the birth of a son is
essential to perform death rituals as well as to continue the clan and even support
in old age. So, they keep on producing children till they got a son. Some people
Dynamic Social Studies and Population Education - Book VII 212
even believe that use of family planning devices are not good as they think it is
against their religion.
Thus, all these factors affect population growth. Some other factors are high birth
rate, polygamy, migration, etc.
Causes of Population Decline
Population decline refers to the decline in number of humans in a particular place.
It's sometimes known as depopulation. The reduction over a time in particular
region's population is population decline. The areas with the highest rate of
population decline are New Zealand, Flanders, Southern Limburg and northern
and eastern Groningen, some of the reasons for population decline or decrease in
population are given below:
1. High Infant Mortality Rate
The death of children below one year is known as infant mortality. Infants
die because of the reasons like lack of proper care, health service and nutrition,
poverty, early marriage, superstition, etc. According to the census of BS 2068 the
infant mortality rate in Nepal is 46 per thousand live births.
2. Illiteracy
Lack of awareness education or being illiterate can affect the life of a person.
As people can die of the diseases which could be cured at home. Illiterate people
are not aware of cleanliness exercise, hygiene, notorious, food, etc. Untimely
deaths can be prevented if a person is aware of health knowledge.
3. Natural Calamities
Natural calamities like earthquake, flood, landslide, hurricanes, etc. can be
great reasons of death of people. Nearly 10,000 people died in massive earthquake
that happened in Baisakh BS 2072 and hundreds of people lost their lives during
the floods in BS 2050.
4. Economic Condition
Because of poor economic condition it is difficult to manage nutritious food,
proper clothing, good health care and services, etc. for the family members which
lead to death of people in a family. People cannot afford even medicines for their
sickness due to poverty.
5. Lack of Health Services and Facilities
Proper health care is necessary to have healthy life. For this facility of good
health services and facilities are required. People suffer from various infectious
213 Dynamic Social Studies and Population Education - Book VII
diseases due to lack of proper health care services. In remote areas of Nepal, we
cannot find good health services. So, this is the reason of decrease in population.
Causes of Migration
Migration refer to the movement from one part or place to another. It is also
the reason for population change. Immigration and Emigration are the major
reasons for change. Immigration means the action of coming to a place to live
and emigration means the act of leaving one's own place. The major reasons for
migration are:
1. Education Facility
People migrate from one place to another in search of good education facility
like: Schools, colleges, etc. Especially people of villages migrate to town or city
area so that they could get varieties of course to study as well as good schools,
colleges and universities. People migrate to get standard and higher educational
facilities.
2. Employment Opportunity
Employment helps the people to get a good job so that they can earn and
sustain themselves as well as their family. People migrate to industrialised or
urban areas which are more developed than village areas. So, developed places
with a number of industries or companies have chances to provide employment.
Good Salary is received through good company or industry located in city area
while in remote, people need to adjust.
3. Transportation and Communication Facility
Transportation and communication facilities are essential for various social
and economic activities like trade, commerce industries. In city or urban areas we
can find that there are good transportation facility as well as good communication
facility but still it's difficult in village.
4. Health Services
People migrate to get good health facilities. If an area or place has good
hospital or health posts people would like to go and enjoy the service. People want
to live where there are hospitals, health posts, nurses and nursing services so
that they don’t need to get ready to go to other places even for a serious disease or
injury.
Thus migration is also one of the major causes of population change. But migration
somewhere increases and somewhere decreases the size of population.
Dynamic Social Studies and Population Education - Book VII 214
Key Words
hygiene : cleanliness
mortality : the death rate of a population
annually : yearly
consequences : result
Exercise
I. Fill in the blanks with suitable words:
a. ……………… refers to change in the number of people during the
specific time.
b. The global population in 2012 AD was ………….
c. …………… is none of the factors affecting population growth.
d. Population decline refers to the …………in number of humans in a
particular place.
e. ……………is one the causes of migration.
II. Answer the following questions:
a. Define population change.
b. Explain the factors affecting population growth.
c. What are the causes of population decline? Describe.
d. What could be the major reasons for migration?
e. What does population growth mean?
f. What do you understand by population decline?
g. How does education help in controlling population growth? Explain.
h. Unemployment is the major reason for migration. Justify your answer.
Community Work
Find the status of migration in your community. Prepare a report and present it in
your classroom.
215 Dynamic Social Studies and Population Education - Book VII
Lesson The Trend of Population Growth
9.5
Rate in Nepal
A staggering 225 million women in developing countries
FACTS want to avoid pregnancy but are not using modern
to Understand contraceptives and tens of millions of women do not
receive the basic pregnancy and delivery care they need.
In the previous lesson we briefly discussed about population growth. It is the
increase in the number of individuals in a population. Population is always
changing with a change of time. Sometimes there is birth which increases
population and sometimes there is death which decreases population. Migration
also affects the population of a certain place. Thus, birth, death and migration are
the major reasons for population change and among them birth and immigration
are the major causes of population growth.
impact of centralization and growth of population
Population growth, decline, migration, etc. are measured through census. In
Nepal the first census was taken in 1911 AD and the latest census was taken in
Dynamic Social Studies and Population Education - Book VII 216
2011 AD. The total population of Nepal was 56,38,749 in 1911 AD. It declined until
1930 AD and thereafter population started to grow. So Nepal also experienced
many demographic changes. The total number of population was increased to
2,31,51,423 in 2001 AD. In average, the population was grew at a rate of 2 percent
per year during these 90 years. The population was doubled, 5.6 million in 1911
AD to 11.6 million in 1971 AD. It means it took only 30 years to double from
11.6 million to 23.2 million. The recent data of 2011 AD census has shown the
population of Nepal is 2,64,94,504 with an average annual growth rate of 1.35
percent.
Year (AD) Population Sex ratio Population Population
growth density (km )
2
1911 56,38749 38.3
1920 55,73,788 -(0.13) 38.0
1930 55,32,574 -(0.07) 37.6
1940 62,83,649 1.16 43.0
1952/54 82,56,625 96.8 2.27 56.0
1961 94,12,996 97.0 1.64 64.0
1971 1,15,55,983 101.4 2.05 79.0
1981 1,50,22,839 105.0 2.62 102.0
1991 1,84,91,097 99.5 2.08 126.0
2001 2,31,51,423 99.8 2.25 157.0
2011 2,64,94,504 94.2 1.35 180.0
Source: Central Bureau of Statistics
Urbanization is also increased with growth of population. So, the urban population
increased to 17% in 2011 AD. People prefer to settle in urban areas due to facilities
provided there. Because of which more population is seen in urban areas and less
number of population is found in remote areas It becomes difficult to provide
all the services to everyone due to over population. There will be scarcity of
required resources. Therefore people should be aware and conscious of increasing
population with its effect. People should apply measures to control population.
Key Words
urbanization : the process of the formation and growth of cities.
remote : inaccessible
scarcity : lack, rareness
217 Dynamic Social Studies and Population Education - Book VII
Organize a speech competition on ‘Population Growth in Nepal
Activity and Its Effects’.
Exercise
I. Fill in the blanks with suitable words:
a) The first census was taken in _________
b) The population of Nepal in1911 AD was _________
c) ________ is the total number of population in 2011 AD.
d) The average population growth rate of Nepal is _______
e) The urban population increased to _______ in 2011 AD.
II. Answer the following questions:
a) When was the census started in Nepal? How many censuses have
taken yet?
b) Explain the trend of population growth in Nepal.
c) The population of Nepal is rapidly increasing day by day. Explain in
detail.
d) Do you think urbanization is one of the reasons for population growth?
How?
Community Work
Visit your community and find out the trend of population growth in your locality.
Do survey and collect the data and prepare a report based on the data.
Dynamic Social Studies and Population Education - Book VII 218
Lesson Population Composition by
9.6
Language, Caste and Occupation
More than 800 ethnic groups are living in Africa. Their
FACTS ethnic groups mostly originate with the Sahelian
to Understand Kingdom of the Medieval Period, such as Iglo ethnic
community of Nigeria, deriving from the kingdom of Nri
of 11th century.
The arrangement of population according to the social characteristics like age,
sex, religion, occupation, caste and language. The importance of population
composition is as follows:
1. It helps the government and other organizations in launching programmes
and making plans and policies.
2. It helps to find out the structure of population on the basis of social status.
3. It helps in launching special programmes for deprived, marginalized and
backward people.
4. Population composition also provides information about caste, religion,
language and many other structures.
Despite its small size Nepal consists of 123 languages and 125 ethnic groups. The
population composition in Nepal by caste is as follows:
Sl.No Caste(s) Percentage
1 Chhetri 16.6
2 Brahmin 12.2
3 Magar 7.1
4 Tharu 6.6
5 Newar 5.0
6 Muslim 4.4
7 Rai 2.3
8 Gurung 2.0
9 Limbu 1.58
10 Others 24.5
Source: Central Bureau of Statistics
219 Dynamic Social Studies and Population Education - Book VII
The above table shows that the Chhetris share the largest position of population
with 16.6 and the Brahmin occupy the second position with12.2 percent. In this
way there are diverse castes living in Nepal.
Composition of Population by Language
The Constitution of Nepal, 2072 declared Nepal as a multilingual country.
There are altogether 123 languages spoken in the country. All the languages are
considered as National languages. The table shows the composition of population
on the basis of national languages.
Sl.No. Language Percentage
1 Nepali 44.6
2 Maithili 11.7
3 Bhojpuri 6.0
4 Newari 3.2
5 Magar 3.0
6 Gurung 1.2
7 Limbu 1.3
8 Tharu 5.86
9 Awadhi 1.9
10 Others 15.1
Source: Central Bureau of Statistics - 2011 AD
The above table shows that Nepali is spoken by majority people followed by
Maithili and Bhojpuri. The government of Nepal has managed the provision of
Primary education in mother tongue. Interested are getting higher education in
mother tongue. It helps to preserve the script and languages of Nepal.
Make a bar graph by reading the table given in the text.
Activity
Exercise
I. State whether the following statements are true or false:
1. The ethnic groups living in Nepal is similar.
2. Population composition helps to find out the ethnic growth
Nepal.
Dynamic Social Studies and Population Education - Book VII 220
3. There are 123 languages spoken in Nepal.
4. The Chhetri share the largest portion of population in Nepal.
5. The government of Nepal has managed the provision of primary
education in mother tongue.
II. Answer the following questions:
1. What is composition of population?
2. Explain the importance of composition of population?
3. How many ethnic groups are living in Nepal according to the census
BS 2068 ?
4. Explain the composition of population by language?
5. In what ways is mother tongue preserved by the government?
Community Work
Collect the data of males and females living in your community of various ages,
their occupation and literacy. Make a table and fill it.
221 Dynamic Social Studies and Population Education - Book VII
Lesson Population Distribution of Nepal
9.7
The temperature of Mt. Everest average -19°C in summer
FACTS and -36°C in winter. The Kathmandu valley has a mild
to Understand climate ranging from 19° - 27°C in summer and 2° - 20°C
in winter.
Map of population distribution
Nepal is geographically a diverse country. It is divided into three parts, mountains,
hills and the Terai. The topography of the country is quiet uneven. The climate
is influenced by the topography. Mountains are covered with snow and located in
the high altitude from sea level. So it has extremely cold climate. The Hilly region
has moderate type of climate but the Terai is located in southern part and its
elevation varies from 59m to 600m from the sea level. So, it is hot. The climate,
land features, fertility of soil influence human settlement. So mostly people are
living in such places where they get facilities of transportation, communication,
education, health, etc. Moreover, the main occupation of Nepalese is agriculture.
Still 67 percent of population is dependent on agriculture. So the area where the
land is fertile they settle there. The Himalayan region do not have fertile land and
have extremely cold climate. Therefore human settlement is very less there. Only
Dynamic Social Studies and Population Education - Book VII 222
6.7 percent of total population is living in the Himalayan region. The Hilly region
having plain valleys, hills, basins, tars, etc. population here is comparatively
more than the Himalayan region but less than the Terai region. According to
the census BS 2068 the total population living in hilly region is 43 percent. It
has moderate climate and land is fertile in valleys, tars, basins, so agriculture is
practiced as a main occupation. Moreover, capital city Kathmandu is located with
this reason. The Terai region have plain land, fertile soil, good irrigation facilities
with very good infrastructures of development as compared to other regions.
Therefore, it has high density of population. The data shows that 50.3 percent of
total population live in the Terai region. It has suitable climate for agriculture.
The following data shows the distribution of population by geographical regions:
Geographical Population In Percent Density
regions
The Himalayan 1,781,792 6.7 34
The Hilly 11,399,007 43 186
The Terai 13,318,705 50.3 392
26,494,504 100 180
Source: Central Bureau of Statistics
In order to get facilities, the trend of migration is increasing from rural areas to the
urban areas. The population distribution in rural and urban areas are given below:
Area Male Female Total Absent Population
Urban 2,306,049 2,21,771 4,523,820 2,85,421
Rural 10,42,992 11,42,7692 21,970,684 1,636,073
Source: Central Bureau of Statistics
In Nepal there are more number of villages than urban areas or towns and cities.
Although urbanization is increasing rapidly but still the number of village is
high in Nepal. Many people have gone to other countries for employment or other
purpose. So their data couldn’t be collected. Therefore, their status is kept as
absent population.
Key Words
topography : physical features
basins : an area drained by a river and its tributaries
223 Dynamic Social Studies and Population Education - Book VII
In which geographical region does your district belong to? Explain
Activity the major occupation of the people in your district.
Exercise
I. State whether the following statements are True or False .
1. Land in Nepal is even and smooth.
2. The climate is influenced by the topography.
3. Still 70 percent of the total population is engaged in agriculture.
4. Population destiny in the Mountainous region is very high.
5. The Terai region has plain and fertile land.
II. Answer the following questions:
1. Why is population distribution not even in our country?
2. Explain the population distribution in Nepal.
3. What is the total dependency of agriculture in Nepal?
4. Show the population data in rural and urban areas in Nepal.
5. Draw a pie chart showing the population distribution as per the
geographical regions.
Community Work
Compare the development of your community ten years before and now. Take the
help of an elderly person. Prepare a report and present it in the class.
Dynamic Social Studies and Population Education - Book VII 224
Review Questions
1. Give an introduction to population education.
2. Define 'Demography'.
3. What are the objectives of population education?
4. Describe the importance of population education.
5. Explain the scope of population education.
6. Why is Family Life Education important for young people? Justify your answer.
7. What do you mean by census? When was the last census taken in Nepal?
8. What differences can you find between a nuclear family and an extended family?
9. Explain any three sources of population data.
10. How does sample survey help to collect data of population?
11. Explain the development trend of population growth in Nepal.
12. Describe the importance of composition of Nepal's population.
13. Write about the population distribution of Nepal.
14. What role can an individual play for controlling population?
15. What are the impacts of population growth in the development of a country?
Explain.
16. Do you think education can play a major role to control population? How?
17. What are the negative aspects of a joint or an extended family?
18. How is urbanization helpful for population growth?
225 Dynamic Social Studies and Population Education - Book VII
Unit
10 POPULATION GROWTH AND
MANAGEMENT
Learning Outcomes of the Unit
The competencies of the social studies curriculum in
the unit are to enable students to:
UNIT CONTENTS
10.1 Status of Population Growth know the status of population Growth in Nepal
in Nepal 227 find out the causes and know the consequences of
10.2 Causes and Consequences of rapid population growth
Rapid Population Growth 230 understand the importance of population
10.3 Population Management management to maintain quality life
and Quality life 234 learn the measures to get quality life
10.4 Measures of Population know about the national organizations involved in
Management 238 population management
10.5 Measures of Quality Life 242
10.6 Role of National Agencies
Involved in Population
Management 245
Review Questions 248
Dynamic Social Studies and Population Education - Book VII 226
Lesson Status of Population Growth
10.1
in Nepal
Annual population growth rate in Nepal was last
FACTS measured at 1.21 in 2014, according to the World Bank.
to Understand
Population change is dynamic process, Population increases due to the birth
of a baby in a family or in area. Population also increases when the rate of
immigration exceeds the rate of immigration. Immigration is also called
In-migration. In-migration is the geographical movement of people to a particular
place from different parts of the country or from other countries and out-migration
or emigration is the geographical movement of people from the place of origin to
place of destination. Population growth rate is the increase in population due to
birth, death and migration. Where there is infant or child mortality rate is high
population increases. Parents have fear to loose their children so they bear more
children. In this way death is also responsible for population growth. Census is
the scientific method of country's population of specific time and the place. In
Nepal the population census began in 1911 AD (BS 1968).The population of Nepal
was only 56,38,749 during the first census. A census is taken in every ten years.
The following data shows the population status in detail since 1911 AD (BS 1968).
Year (in AD) Population Population Growth (%)
1911 56,38,749 -
1920 55,73,788 0.13
1930 55,32,574 0.07
1941 62,83,649 1.16
1952-54 82,56,625 2.30
1961 94,12,996 1.65
1971 1,15,55,983 2.07
1981 1,50,22,833 2.66
1991 1,84,91,097 2.10
2001 2,31,51,423 2.25
2011 2,64,94,504 1.35
Sources: (CBS, 2011)
This table shows that population in Nepal was 56,38,749 in 1911 AD but it
declared in the next 30 years. Some of the reasons are discusses below:
227 Dynamic Social Studies and Population Education - Book VII
Unscientific Census Enumeration
Emigration of a large number of Nepali youth due to the recruitment in
British Gorkha Army during the World War I.
The worldwide epidemics and influenza took the life of so many people in the
country.
After the 1941 AD Census, the population of Nepal began increasing rapidly.
The reasons for rapid growth in population are the return of the Nepalese Army
from the war Fertility Status of women increased. This resulted in the growth
in population. Since 1981 AD population of Nepal tremendously increased with
2.66 growth rate which is very high. In 1999 AD with little destination in growth
rate in population reached 1,84,91,097 with 2.10 percent but again in 2001 AD
it reached up to 2.25 percent with 231,51423. After 10 years the recently taken
census shows the population growth rate was 1.35 and the total population was
2,64,94,504 (CBS 2011 AD).
Some of the reasons for the decrease in population growth rate are the improvement
in health facilities, reduction in fertility rate, urbanization, emigration of Nepalese
is different countries, utilization family planning devices and awareness increased.
Key Words
emigration : the process of moving out to settle-permanently in a
foreign country
epidemic : quickly spreading some harmful diseases
influenza : a common illness that in caused by virus
Make a table and show the status of population growth rate in
Activity Nepal and discuss in the class.
Exercise
I. Fill in the blanks with suitable words:
1. Population change is a ……………process.
2. The first census started in Nepal in BS …………….
Dynamic Social Studies and Population Education - Book VII 228
3. A census is taken in every ………….years.
4. The worldwide …….........… and …......….. took the life of so many
people in the country.
5. Infant Mortality Rate ………........ the population.
II. Answer the following questions:
1. "Population change is a dynamic process". Justify the statement?
2. What are the reasons for the population decrease in Nepal from 1911
AD until 1930AD?
3. Why did population start increasing after 1941 AD?
4. What is the Population Growth Rate according to the Census
2011 AD?
5. "Migration is also considered as an important factor of population
change," Justify the statement.
Community Work
Compare the population now and hundred years ago. Ask any elderly person of your
community about the exploitation of natural resources due to population growth.
229 Dynamic Social Studies and Population Education - Book VII
Lesson Causes and Consequences of Rapid
10.2
Population Growth
Africa has the highest proportion of undernourished people in
FACTS any region. There, one in four is chronically hungry. Reflecting
to Understand population growth and rising food insecurity the number of
hungry people on the African continent rose by 20 million
from 2007 to 2012 and it is growing on.
Source: Population Connection Organization
The students of grade seven
visited Hanuman Dhoka Durbar
Square, a historical place as well
as World Heritage Site enlisted
by the UNESCO. They saw many
archaeological, historical and
cultural things but many things
they couldn’t see in detail because
of over crowd. They got irritated
Hanuman Dhoka Durbar Square
too. Their teacher consoled them
and assured them to discuss in the class. Today students are very excited to
discuss yesterday's visit.
[The teacher entered the class]
Students : Good morning, sir!
Teacher : Good morning! Please take your seats. Did you enjoy
yesterday's trip?
Students : Yes sir. But we missed many things due to overcrowding.
Tanya : Sir, everywhere we see crowd. In bus-park, hospital,
cinema hall, bank everywhere there is a long queue. What
are the causes of population growth?
Teacher : You are right, Tanya. All of us have felt that wherever we go we
see a big crowd everywhere. There are many factors responsible
for rapid population growth.
Hari : What are those factors sir?
Dynamic Social Studies and Population Education - Book VII 230
people in queue for bus ticket
Teacher : Listen! The responsible factors are:
i. Illiteracy
ii. Ignorance
iii. Superstitions
iv. Poor economic condition
v. Social and religious norms and values
vi. Poverty and backwardness
vii. Unequal distribution of development opportunities
Grishma : How are they responsible for population growth would
you explain sir?
Teacher : Yes Grishma, why not? Generally, uneducated person has a big
family due to superstitious belief, poverty and social pressure to
get a son in a family and many other reasons. They are ignorant.
They don’t understand the effect of population growth.
Some people still believe that children are blessings from god.
So, they don't use contraceptives and don't adopt any other
measures for family planning. So, they increase the number of
children in their family. Poor people think that their children
can earn money to support them. So they bear more children and
send them in various houses to do household work. Their wages
will be sent to their parents.
231 Dynamic Social Studies and Population Education - Book VII
Krishna : Yes sir, we also have Shyamu to do household work. He is just 8
years old. My parents are sending money to his parents but my
parents are sending him to the school too.
Teacher : Very good Krishna.
Tanya : What are the other factors, sir?
Teacher : People are bound by social norms and values In many communities
girls are married in an early age and this results in high birth
rate. Moreover, parents' desire to get son to secure their place in
heaven after death is another factor to increase population. This
causes poverty, unemployment and many more effects.
Krishna : What are effects of population growth?
Teacher : There are many adverse effects of population growth. Some of
them are:
The cultivable land will be decreased when it is used for
settlement. It can create food scarcity.
Shortage of medical facilities and services
Lack of educational facilities
Increased government debts
Increased number of illiterate and unemployed people
Air, water and land population increases
Increase in anti-social activities
A country cannot be developed as it will face many problems
Hari : Oh! There are so many negative impacts of population growth.
We should understand its consequences and aware the people of
our community too.
Teacher : Very good thinking, Hari, we all should work in it. We have limited
land and other resources to live and use it. So we need to maintain
balance between resources
Do You and then population, the only
Know According to world population we can live happily and can
Data Sheet 2016, the world get quality life. I hope you all
population will reach 9.9 billion understood the causes and
2050, 33 percent up from now. consequences of population
growth.
Students : Yes sir, we understood.
Dynamic Social Studies and Population Education - Book VII 232
Teacher : OK, in our next class we will discuss about the ways of population
management.
Students : Thank you, sir.
[The bell rang, the teacher went from the classroom]
Discuss about the increasing population in your community and
Activity its effects.
Exercise
I. Answer the following questions:
1. What are the causes of population growth in Nepal?
2. How does illiteracy impact on growing population?
3. What are the reasons for considering son as the important member of
a family?
4. Why are children involve in force labour?
5. Explain the adverse effects of population growth.
Community Work
Visit your locality and try to find out the children who are forced to work. If you
find such children try to get the phone number to contact the authorized people
who can protect their rights.
233 Dynamic Social Studies and Population Education - Book VII
Lesson Population Management and
10.3
Quality life
1
Close to a billion people one-eighth ( 8 ) of the world's
FACTS population still live in hunger. Each year 2 million
to Understand children die through malnutrition. This is happening at a
time when doctors in Britain are warning of the spread
of obesity. We are eating too much while other starves.
Jonathan sacks
Population management means the proper distribution of population according
to availability of means and resources in a certain area. Nepal is geographically
diverse country. Due to the geographical diversity population distribution is not
even everywhere. To get better facilities and due to climatic condition people
are migrating from one place to another place. Population change is a dynamic
process. The imbalance between the population size and natural resources create
many difficulties.
The basic desires of every human being are good food, clothing, housing, standard
life, quality education, health service, fulfillment of all kind of needs and if
possible, luxurious items as well. These are the dreams of all. Moreover, people
need love, respect, affection, peace and harmony in their life. If these needs are
not fulfilled then quality of life reduces. Quality life is the degree of satisfaction of
one has in his life related to physical, mental and psychological needs. A complete
Dynamic Social Studies and Population Education - Book VII 234
satisfaction in once life measures the quality of life. Therefore, there is a mutual
relationship between population management and the quality life. If the population
has increased beyond the carrying capacity of the means and resources, it results
in the crisis of social, economic and environmental aspects. Major problems like
conflict, dispute, starvation and disharmony emerge in families and society. So,
to control such problems and for the proper utilization of the available means
and resources proper management of population is very essential unmanaged
population results in decline of quality life. Population growth creates many
problems. The adverse effects of population growth in quality life is clearly shown
in the given chart.
Saving Lack of Saving
Security Lack of Security
Health Services Lack of Health Services
Sanitation Lack of Sanitation
Income Unemployment
Small Family Size Population No Access to Family
Quality Life
Balanced or Nutritious Diet Growth Lack of nutritious food
It is very essential to manage population with small family. So every member can
get nutritious diet with good health services, having good income to manage and
fulfil the needs and desires of the family members. If population is not managed,
then it gives adverse effects and quality life cannot be maintained. Similarly, given
figure clarifies the benefit with relationship between quality life and population
management.
Satisfaction
Sanitation
Health
Education
Good Earning Population Management
Small Family Size
Balance or Nutritious Diet Quality Life
235 Dynamic Social Studies and Population Education - Book VII
The above figure clarify that quality life is the cornerstone of happiness and
satisfaction. It is the cause of modern developed society and develop the living
standard of the people. Population management includes small family, good
earning, health and sanitation, balanced diet, quality education, etc. which are
the basic requirement to get quality life are inseparable to each other. In the
absence of one another cannot be promoted or developed.
Key Words
cornerstone : a vital part
unmanaged : not properly managed
crisis : a different or dangerous situation that needs serious
attention
Make a list of your basic requirements which you think that
can give you quality life. Remember, it can differ from others'
Activity requirement.
Exercise
I. State the following statements whether it is true or False.
1. Population management plays a vital role to provide quality
life.
2. People migrate from one place to another for better living.
3. People do not desire for good housing, food and clothing.
4. Quality life doesn't mean a complete satisfaction in one's life.
5. Population management and quality life are inseparable to each
other.
II. Answer the following questions:
1. What do you mean by population management? Write the importance
of population management.
Dynamic Social Studies and Population Education - Book VII 236
2. "Population management is essential for development" Explain?
3. Describe the basic needs of your family.
4. How does population growth degrade the quality life?
5. Show the interrelationship between population management and
quality life.
Community Work
Visit your community and observe the family size and quality life of at least five
families. Also find out the balance of population with the existing resources and
other means and services of that place. Prepare a report on the basis of your research
and submit it to your teacher.
237 Dynamic Social Studies and Population Education - Book VII
Lesson Measures of Population
10.4
Management
Due to the overpopulation, the Chinese government
FACTS restricted two children but by 2013 China began
to Understand casing restrictions to try to offset the rapid growing
of its population. It was the most dictator birth control
in China.
In the previous chapter, you have learnt about the introduction of population
management and its importance knowing the facts that population management
is very important to provide quality life, luxuries and fulfillment of basic
requirement, here we are going to discuss the measures or ways of population
management.
Proper Birth Spacing
The gap between the births of two children is called birth spacing. To manage
population, the gap between two births should be 4 to 5 years. It is considered to
be good for mother and child, birth spacing delays the birth of the babies which
gradually helps in the management of population.
child and mother in health post
Dynamic Social Studies and Population Education - Book VII 238
Marriage at Proper Age (Delayed Marriage)
When the individuals are physically, mentally socially and economically prepared
that time is considered as the proper age for marriage. The appropriate age for a
female is 20 years and male is 25 years from the perspective reproductive health.
marriage ceremony
It has many benefits. Such as both the individuals can get enough time to earn
money, get education be matured mentally as well as physically. They can also be
able to take the right decision and solve any kind of family problem.
Women's Education
Women’s education is very important. According to the census 2011 AD.
51 percent of the total
population is occupied
by women in Nepal but
they are very backward in
education, economy and
decision making body.
Their literacy rate is only
57.4 percent whereas 75.1
percent male is literate in
Nepal. This data shows
that females are still
deprived of education,
health service and
political accessibility. rural women education
239 Dynamic Social Studies and Population Education - Book VII
Population management helps these females to get adult education, many skill
oriented training can be given to make women self-reliant. They can develop
confidence to fight against women's violence, trafficking, polygamy and social
and religious taboos. Women education can boost the status of their reproductive
health. Ultimately, educated women give support to population management.
Gender Equality
Both sons and daughters deserve to get equal rights by the law of the state. Gender
equality means the equal rights and facilities given to both male and female.
If there is mutual cooperation and good relations and understanding between
husband and wife, there is gender equality. But due to many superstitious beliefs,
social malpractice many couples have desire to get son in the family, for which
they are ready to bear many children. It increases population. If gender equality
is maintained then it helps to manage population.
Key Words
taboo : not acceptable to talk about or do
polygamy : practice to get married with more than one woman at a time
perspective : view, opinions
Find out the age gap between you and your brother or sister. Is it
Activity appropriate gap? Discuss.
Dynamic Social Studies and Population Education - Book VII 240
Exercise
I. Fill in the blanks with suitable words:
1. The gap between two children is called………..
2. ………..is helpful for population management.
3. The appropriate age of girl is ……. and boy is …........... for marriage.
4. Female literacy is only ……according to the census 2068.
5. Both …………..and ………… deserves to get equal rights.
II. Answer the following questions:
1. What are the various ways of Population Management? Make a list
and describe briefly.
2. How does women's education is important for Population Management?
3. Write short notes on:
i. Marriage at proper age
ii. Gender equality
4. Why is birth spacing necessary? Explain briefly.
5. "If mutual understanding between husband and wife is maintained,
gender discrimination reduces" Justify the statement.
Community Work
In what degree gender discrimination is practiced in your community? Mention
with reason and present it in your classroom.
241 Dynamic Social Studies and Population Education - Book VII
Lesson Measures of Quality Life
10.5
The least developed countries, which also come in top
FACTS 5 unemployed countries in the world are Zimbabwe 95
to Understand percent, Liberia 85 percent, Burkina Faso 77 percent,
Cocas Island and Djibouti with 60 percent unemployed
citizens in the country.
Quality life is a degree of satisfaction of one has in his life related to physical,
mental and psychological needs. A complete satisfaction in one's life measures the
quality life. It is the condition resulting from happiness and satisfaction after the
fulfillment of basic family needs.
To get quality life one should get quality education, employment good health,
good income, safety, cosy environment, peace and security. Some of the important
elements which help to give quality life is discussed below:
1. Education
Education is the source of knowledge. It makes people skillful, efficient, innovative
and creative which help them to earn good income. This enhances the living
standard of people. Educated people easily can get jobs and find out the ways of
income generation. Education helps to fulfil the needs and aspirations of family
members.
2. Health
Health is the basic element in human life. To be prosperous and productive a good
health is required. Some of the measures should be adopted to get good health.
They are as follows:
Regular check-up and treatment on time
Fresh and nutritious food
Regular exercises early in the morning
Sanitation at home
Clean and safe drinking water
Immunization against infectious diseases
Habit to use the toilet
Dynamic Social Studies and Population Education - Book VII 242
3. Nutrition
A balanced diet comprises of carbohydrates, fats, minerals, vitamins,
proteins, etc. A complete balanced diet increases physical, mental and intellectual
capacity of an individual. If a person does not eat balanced diet, then he/she
suffer from many deficiencies. So, to get quality life sound health is required with
nutritious diet.
4. Employment
Employment is the regular income generating activity which is earned
by doing prescribed work in an institution or office. The family having earning
member lives happily because their basic requirement is fulfilled very easily.
Therefore, employment can give quality life.
5. Family Size
A small family size is boon to a family. The basic needs and necessities can
easily be fulfilled as well as luxurious life can be affordable to the small sized
family. With little income also basic requirements can be fulfilled. When the family
size is small, it makes the family members aware of the roles and responsibilities,
they develop understanding and cooperation.
6. Reproductive and Sex Education
Reproductive Health and Sex Education is very important to know
about reproduction, security, sanitation, nutritious diet, birth spacing, various
reproductive infections and sexually transmitted diseases. It helps people to live
a happy and prosperous life and improves the living standard of the people.
Discuss with your friends and make a list of measures to maintain
Activity quality life.
Key Words
cosy : comfortable
aspirations : hopes
deficiencies : lack of certain things
prosperous : rich
243 Dynamic Social Studies and Population Education - Book VII
Exercise
I. Fill in the blanks with suitable words:
1. ………….life is a degree of satisfaction in one's life.
2. Education is the ………….of knowledge.
3. ……………………….food is required to be healthy.
4. A balanced diet is comprised of …………………..and …………………..
5. It is easy to maintain quality life in …………..family.
II. Answer the following questions:
1. What are the major components or elements of quality life? Make a
list.
2. How can health and education help to get quality life? Explain.
3. "A small family size is a major component for maintaining quality of
life." Explain.
4. Why is it importance to know about reproductive health and sex
education?
5. Explain quality life with their aspects.
Community Work
Make a survey of our community and find out that out of ten (10) families how many
families have got basic components. Make a list and present in your class.
Dynamic Social Studies and Population Education - Book VII 244
Lesson Role of National Agencies Involved
10.6
in Population Management
More than 1.4 billion people around the world live in
FACTS extreme poverty less than US& 1.25 per day and nearly
to Understand 2 billion more live just above that level. The world's poor
not only lack household assets and income, but also
suffer from malnutrition and poor health, hindering their
economic opportunities. The situation is more vulnerable
in highly populated least developed countries.
There are several national level organizations involved in population
management. They set rules and regulations regarding population management.
They conduct various programmes nationwide and many people get benefits from
these programmes. Some of the national organizations and agencies involved
in population management are
Ministry of Health, Population Do You
Education Projects and Programmes, Know There are about
Non-formal Population Education 1103 health related
and Health Clinics play a vital role. organizations in Nepal.
Some of the major agencies and their
functions are discussed below:
1. Ministry of Health and Population
The Ministry of Health and Population is the highest level governmental
organization responsible for population management. It formulates policies and
implements various programmes and coordinates and provides supervision among
the agencies and conduct population management programmes; for example, this
agency celebrated Family Planning Day 2073 on September 21, 2016 AD. It makes
people aware and helps to manage population.
2. Population Education Programmes
These agencies are very important to control rising population of Nepal.
They teach the people to establish the coordination between the population and
available means and resources. The Ministry of Education has been conducting
formal population education programme since 1980 AD (BS 2037) with financial
assistance of UNFPA and the technical assistance of UNESCO. In order to make
this programme more effective program formulation, monitoring, evaluation
245 Dynamic Social Studies and Population Education - Book VII
and various other functions are being conducted by the agencies. Many national
organization and agencies are involved in managing population and are involved
in this programme. They are as follows;
i. Office of the Population Development Project Coordinator
ii. Curriculum Development Centre
iii. Population Education Units
iv. Tribhuwan University Curriculum Development Centre
v. Tribhuwan University Faculty of Education
vi. Family Planning and Maternal Child Health Project.
There are Non-formal Population Education Programme conducted to create
awareness about population issues among adults, youths, labourers and married
couples, institutions are involved in the programme.
Some of them are as follows:
i. Department of Labour
ii. National Non-formal Education Centre
iii. Department of Cooperatives
iv. Department of Cottage and Small Scale Industries.
v. Women's Training Centres
vi. Ministry of Health and Population and Nepal Family Planning Association,
etc.
Population Education Programmes have been conducting various non-formal
programmes since BS 1938. The programme helps to educate youth, adults
who have not been to school to get education and make them aware about the
situation of population in their community, nation and the world. It also helps
them to motivate towards a small family size, nutritious diet, proper health care
of mother and baby, etc. Some of the agencies like the Department of Labour,
the Department of Small and Cottage Industry, Nepal Red Cross, Nepal Army,
Nepal Police and Armed Police, etc. also have integrated population management
related programmes in their mainstream programmes.
Key Words
curriculum : course of study, syllabus
agency : an organization department or bureau that provides some
service for another
mainstream : considered ordinary or normal and accepted or used by
most people
supervision : monitoring and regulating of process or activities
Dynamic Social Studies and Population Education - Book VII 246
Draw a logo of Scout and Nepal Red Cross in A4 size paper and
Activity discuss their functions.
Exercise
I. Fill in the blanks with suitable words:
1. Many national ___________are involved in population management.
2. Ministry of _____________celebrated ______________________Day 2073
on September 21, 2016 Ad .
3. The ____________education programme creates awareness about
population among adults and youths.
4. The Population Education Programme has been conducting various
_________ since BS 1938.
5. Nepal Scouts also have integrated___________.
II. Answer the following questions:
1. Explain the role of national level organizations in Population
Management.
2. How does the Ministry of Health and Population conduct population
management programmes?
3. Why is Non-formal Population Education Programme necessary in
Nepal? Explain.
4. Make a list of the agencies of Formal Population Education Programme
in Nepal. Which one do you feel more important? Make a list of any
three programmes.
5. Describe the roles of Population Education Projects and Programmes.
Community Work
In what ways are local level organizations and national level organizations working
in your community to manage population? Find out the details with the help or
parents and guardians and prepare a report and present it to your teacher.
247 Dynamic Social Studies and Population Education - Book VII
Review Questions
1. What do you mean by population?
2. Define census.
3. What are the factors causing population growth?
4. In what ways does the census provide data information to the country?
5. Write the total population of Nepal in the first census in 1911 AD.
6. Write the demerits of population growth.
7. How are poverty and illiteracy responsible for population growth?
8. What is quality of life?
9. What is population management?
10. What are the efforts to get quality life?
11. How do you get sound health?
12. What are the efforts to get quality life?
13. Why is there tough competition in every sectors?
14. What is birth spacing?
15. Write a short note on the Nepal Red Cross Society and the Nepal Scouts.
Dynamic Social Studies and Population Education - Book VII 248
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