Social Studies 4

Exercise

1. Match the following: • wasteful spending

Children work in hotels
and restaurants

Children getting married • untouchability
young • child labour
• child marriage
Unnecessary parties
during Teej

So called low caste people
not allowed to enter temples

2. Write whether the following statements are True or False.
a. Yamuna died because of dowry problem.

b. Saroj asked the groom not to ruin the wedding.

c. Children should work rather than study.

d. Unnecessary parties during Teej and Dashain
are good practices.

e. God didn't create us equal.

3. Choose the correct alternatives and fill in the blanks.
a. The groom demanded .................................... (car/motorbike)
in marriage.

b. Yamuna killed herself by .......................... (hanging/taking
poison)

c. Wasteful spending is a .................. (harmful/harmless)
....................... habit.

Oasis Social Studies & Creative Arts-4 51

d. One should spend .....................(according to/more than) his/
her income.

e. We should not discriminate people on the basis of caste
because we all are...................... (equal/inequal).

4. Answer these questions.
a. Why was Saroj happy in the beginning?
b. What did the groom demand in wedding? What did Saroj say?
c. Why did Yamuna kill herself?
d. What should you do when you see families employing children
in work?
e. Why is unnecessary spending during festivals a bad practice?
f. Why should we eliminate bad practices?

5. Write about one bad social practice that you know of.

6. Discuss and suggest ways to eradicate bad practices in your
community.

7. Make placards using the following slogans.
a. Let us stop child marriage
b. Untouchability is a crime
c. Sons and daughters are equal
d. Do not spend unnecessarily
e. Say 'No' to dowry

52 Oasis Social Studies & Creative Arts-4

Lesson

Community Services

3.4 for Our Good

Pre-reading Activities

We get different services such as telephone, electricity, water supply, healthcare,
and education. Can you list at least three more services we get? Who provides
these services? Make a list of at least five organizations in our community that
provide services to people.

Reading

In today's Social Studies class, Jugal Sapkota
is telling the class about his village, Indrawati,
and its community services. Read his
description and think about similar services
in your own village or town.

Indrawati is a Rural Municipality in
Sindhupalchowk. It is a village but it has
many community services. Indrawati has a
health post. When sick, people visit the health
post, they receive various health services: vaccination, maternity service
and medication. The health post has a doctor and nurses. They examine
sick people and give them medicine. If the patient is seriously ill, they
refer them to big hospitals in Kathmandu. "Last year, I was too ill, so the

doctor told my parents to take me to Bir
Hospital," Jugal says. However, people
receive treatment for common illnesses
at the health post.

There is also a police station in Indrawati.
This is an Ilaka Prahari Chauki (area police
office). Police officers work to maintain

Oasis Social Studies & Creative Arts-4 53

law and order in the community. During the night, the policemen patrol
to stop crimes such as theft. The police station provides security to the
people.

Next to the police station is a post office.
A post office plays an important role
in communication. People use the post
office to send letters and parcels. Postmen
deliver posts to our homes and offices.

The Indrawati Rural Municipality issues
birth, marriage and death certificates.
It also recommends students for
scholarships to schools and colleges.

Another important organization in
Indrawati is the local youth club. The
club is called Indrawati Youth Club.
This is an organization of youths. It runs
an ambulance service. When a person
is very ill, they use this ambulance to
take the patient to Kathmandu. The
club also helps to keep the town clean.
It provides scholarships to the children
from poor families. During the festivals
like Dashain and Tihar, it organizes cultural programmes such as dramas,
dances and singing competitions. Everyone likes the club.

Free the Words

maternity : the state of being mother
medication
refer : the act of treating a person with medicine
patrol
recommend : to send elsewhere
scholarship
: walk or go around an area to make it safe
ambulance
: to speak/write to support someone

: assistance such as money given to students for
study

: a vehicle that takes sick people to and from
hospitals

54 Oasis Social Studies & Creative Arts-4

In-class Activities
Look at the pictures below and write what services they provide.
a. b.

Nepal Telecom Nepal Electricity Authority

e.g. T..h..i.s.i.s..N..e..p.a..l.T..e.l.e.c..o.m...m..u..n..ic..a.t.i.o.n...O..f.f.ic..e.. ..................................................
.It..p..r.o.v..i.d..e.s..t.e.l.e.p..h..o.n..e..s.e..r.v.i.c.e...to...u.s......... ..................................................

c. d.

Nepal Rastra Bank Drinking Water Supply Corporation

.................................................. ..................................................

.................................................. ..................................................

e. f.

Library School

.................................................. ..................................................

.................................................. ..................................................

Oasis Social Studies & Creative Arts-4 55

Exercise

1. Write whether the following statements are True or False.
a. Health post serves the sick people.

b. Police office distributes letters to the people.

c. Police provide security in Indrawati.

d. Indrawati Youth Club organizes cultural programmes.

2. Match the following: police office

Writing recommendation
letters

Providing security post office

Cultural programmes, Rural Municipality/ Municipality
cleanliness campaigns local club

Health check-up

Delivering parcels and letters hospital/health post

3. Answer these questions.
a. What do doctors in Jugal's village do when patients are very
serious?

b. What do policemen of Ilaka Prahari Chauki do?

c. What does a Rural Municipality do?

d. What services does the Indrawati Youth Club provide?

4. Write the names of five community service organizations in
your village or town.

........................................................................................................... .
........................................................................................................... .
........................................................................................................... .
........................................................................................................... .
........................................................................................................... .

56 Oasis Social Studies & Creative Arts-4

Projects for Unit Three
1. Suppose that a fire has destroyed your neighbour's house. They

have lost their property and livestock. Write how people in your
community can help the family.
2. Study the picture below and write measures to solve the problem
shown.

3. Write about a community service institution in your locality. It
could be about your Rural Municipality or Municipality Office.
Use pictures if possible. Write how it serves the people of your
community.

In this unit, we have learned that:

• we should help our neighbours and in turn ask for help when in
need.

• we should show respect to and participate in the cultural programmes
and festivals marked in our neighbourhood.

• drinking, smoking, and taking drugs are bad habits; they affect us
and others and we should avoid them.

• we should help raise awareness about the harmful effects of such
habits in our community.

• we love our customs and traditions but some cultural practices maybe
harmful for our society; we should help eliminate bad practices
related to our traditions.

• we receive many useful services such as telephone, healthcare, and
education from various organizations; these organizations are called
service organizations.

• we should help service providing organizations by allowing them to
serve us and others.
Oasis Social Studies & Creative Arts-4 57

Test Your Knowledge

1. How do you get help when you are hit by natural calamities
like flood, landslide, earthquake, etc? List out the people/
organizations that help you in need.

Neighbour

Help ! Red Cross

2. Tick(√) the good habits and cross (×) the bad ones.

Helping others Gambling Smoking

Reading books Loving juniors Playing cards

Teasing others Maintaining cleanliness Stealing

Listening to elders Taking drugs Playing with friends

3. Make a list of bad practices that exist in your community.

Ex . Deuki system, superstition ............................................................

4. Because of different bad practices, quarrels and conflicts
occur in our society. What role should you and your friends
play to solve these problems?

5. Answer these questions.
a. What are natural calamities?
b. How do bad habits harm us?
c. Why are bad practices not good for the society?
d. What are the roles of local organizations in ending bad practices?

6. List out the organizations that are helping your community
with their major tasks.

S.N Name of the organization Major task
1.
2. Children's Club Protection of child rights
3
4

58 Oasis Social Studies & Creative Arts-4

Unit Civic Awareness

4

In this unit, we will learn to:

• define child rights and rights of women.
• interpret and exercise child rights guaranteed in the constitution.
• be familiar with the election process and participate in community work.
• recognize the importance of natural heritage and preserve them.
• participate in the conservation of national cultural heritage.
• keep the public places clean and help others do so.
• follow traffic rules and help others learn them to stay safe on the road.
• explain the organization and functions of Rural Municipality and Municipality
• treat people equally and avoid discrimination based on race, gender, and ethnicity.

Oasis Social Studies & Creative Arts-4 59

Lesson

4.1 Rights of Children

Pre-reading Activities

Consider these questions: Do you get good food to eat? Do your family members
take care of you? Does anyone in your family beat you ? If your answer to first two
questions is yes, that's good. If your answer to the third question is also yes, your
right has been violated. Ask your teachers about child rights.

Reading

Though you are children today, you will
grow up in a few years. Then, you will
have to work for your family, society and
country. For you to be able to do so, you
need education, good health, good food to
eat and clothes to wear and a good place
to live.

A child must get proper care in the family. Family and society should
protect children and their rights. If a child does not get these facilities, it
means that the child is not given those rights. Parents and elders should
be aware of children's rights.
According to the Constitution of Nepal children will have the following
rights:
• Every child will have the right to identity.
• Every child will have rights to get education, health care, proper care,

sports, and entertainment from their families and the state.
• Children will not be employed in the factories, mines, and any other

risky workplaces.

60 Oasis Social Studies & Creative Arts-4

• Children will have rights against child marriage, trafficking, kidnapping,
and forced bondage.

• Children will not be employed in the army or any other religious and
cultural organization.

• Children will have rights against physical punishment in schools, homes,
or any other places.

• Every child will have rights to legal remedy.
• Children who are orphans, victims of conflict, and are at risk will be

protected by the state.

No one can deny these rights to children. If someone
denies these rights to children, they will be punished
by law. Right to identity means a child must get a
name and belong to a country.And right to citizenship
means every child must be given citizenship from
the country. The chart given below shows some areas
of child rights. Do have discussion in the class with
your teacher.

Right to live

Participation Four areas Development
of child
rights



Protection


Some of you may be enjoying these rights. But in Nepal there are many
children who are deprived of their rights. For example, there are street
children who are homeless. They cannot go to school. Likewise, in many
families in the cities and towns, children are kept as servants. These child

Oasis Social Studies & Creative Arts-4 61

servants are unable to go to school and their future is uncertain. In some
homes, child servants are physically abused. But the children cannot
complain because their parents are very poor and they have nobody
to take care of them. If we see or know of such things happening, we
should tell our teachers, social workers or the police. We should inform
the Rural Municipality, and other organizations like Save the Children
and UNICEF.

Children do not only have rights,
they also have their duties. They
should do their duty very well.
Children should respect their elders.
They should care for their health
and maintain cleanliness. They
should wear clean clothes. They
should bathe regularly. They should
help the needy persons such as old
people, orphans, beggars, etc. They should share things with others.
They should not use foul language while talking. And most important
of all, they should study.

Free the Words

identity : name and recognition
mines : a place from where minerals are taken out
risky : dangerous, unsafe
trafficking : buying and selling illegally
kidnapping : the act of taking someone forcefully
bondage : slavery
remedy : cure
deprived : not having
abuse : misuse
cleanliness : habit of being clean and keeping things clean
foul : wrongful

62 Oasis Social Studies & Creative Arts-4

In-class Activities

1. Look at the pictures and write below each which right is being
denied to the child.

a b.

........................................ ........................................
........................................ ........................................
........................................ ........................................

c. d.

........................................ ........................................
........................................ ........................................
........................................ ........................................

2. Why do you need rights ? Think and write.

Oasis Social Studies & Creative Arts-4 63

Exercise

1. Write whether the following statements are True or False.
a. Today's child is tomorrow's grown up person.
b. Health, education and food are necessary for children.
c. Rights against torture means grown ups should beat
the children.
d. All children have got their rights.
e. If we come to know of people denying rights to children,
we should inform the police or the Rural Municipality/
Municipality authority.

2. Fill in the blanks.
a. A child must get ................ from the family and society.
b. ................. should be aware of children's rights.
c. ................. means a child should get a name and belong to a country.
d. Organizations like ...................... and ......................... help protect
children's rights.

e. The most important duty of a child is ........................ .

3. Answer these questions.
a. What do we need for a child to grow into a healthy and responsible
citizen?
b. What does 'right against torture' mean?
c. What should we do if we see people employing children as servants?

d. Mention three important duties of children.

4. Which of the rights mentioned in the lesson have you been granted?
What duties do you perform? Write in a short paragraph.
........................................................................................................................... .
........................................................................................................................... .
........................................................................................................................... .

5. Make a chart that shows the four areas of child rights.

64 Oasis Social Studies & Creative Arts-4

Lesson Rights of Women

4.2

Pre-reading Activities

What does your mother do? Do female members of your family always have to
work? Share answers to these questions with your teacher and ask him or her
what that means.

Reading

Everyone has certain rights. Rights are granted by the constitution and
the state. The constitution has also guaranteed women’s rights. Men and
women are equal. But in some societies, women do not enjoy all the
rights given to men. In Nepal, women are still discriminated. They have
to work in the kitchen, look after cattle, fetch water and prepare meals for
the family. In many families, people still believe that women should not
work outside home. This is discrimination. You may have heard stories
where girls are not sent to school. They do not own property. Such acts
violate women's rights.

Oasis Social Studies & Creative Arts-4 65

The Constitution of Nepal has
made provision for the rights
of women. The constitution
states that nobody shall be
discriminated for being a woman.
The constitution states:
• Every woman will have rights

against discrimination; she
will have the rights to ancestry.
• Every woman will have rights
to secure maternity and rights
to give birth to a child.
• There will be no discrimination against women in the name of tradition,
culture, and social norms.
• Every woman will have rights against violence and exploitation.
• Women will have their participation in every aspect of the state.
• Women will have rights to health care, employment, and social security.
• Women will have equal rights to family property.

According to the constitution of Nepal, if someone discriminates a
woman on the basis of gender, that person will be punished. Likewise,
every woman has the right to give birth to children if she wants. That is
her right. Also, a woman should not be beaten or scolded. And, daughters
have the right to their parents' property after marriage.

We have mother, sister, and aunt at home. We should know about their
rights. We should also tell them about the rights of women.

Free the Words

constitution : the set of rules through which a country is guided
discriminate : to treat one person or a group differently

from others
fetch : bring
violate : break, go against
maternity : the state of being a mother
exploitation : the act of treating unfairly

66 Oasis Social Studies & Creative Arts-4

In-class Activities
Look at the pictures and write what rights these women are enjoying.

a. b.

Exercise

1. Fill in the blanks.

a. ...................... of Nepal has made provisions for the rights of women.
b. Every woman has the right to ...................... if she wants.
c. ...................... will have equal rights to ancestral property.
d. We should tell our mother ...................... and ...................... about
their rights.

2. Answer these questions.

a. How are women discriminated in our society?
b. What do some people say when women want to do business or

take jobs?
c. What does the Constitution of Nepal say about the reproductive

rights of women?
d. Should women be given ancestral property? What does the

constitution say about it?
e. What will happen when a woman is discriminated on the basis of gender?

3. Do the women of your community enjoy women rights?
Discuss in the class.

Oasis Social Studies & Creative Arts-4 67

Lesson Natural Resources
of Nepal
4.3

Pre-reading Activities

If you look around, what will you see? Surely you will see trees, sky, hills, rivers,
soil, etc. These are natural resources. Discuss why natural resources like water
and forest are important for us.

Reading

In Grade Three, you learned about some of the natural resources of our
country. In this Grade, you will learn more about them. Nepal is a small
country but it is rich in natural resources. Natural resources are the
gifts of nature. Forest, water, soil and land are some important natural
resources of Nepal.

Forest
Forests are one of the important natural
resources. Different types of forests are
found in different regions. Forests cover
about 37% of the total land of Nepal.
Forests are the source of paper, furniture
and timber. Forests are rich in herbs that
have medicinal values. Many medicines
are made from these herbs.

Forests are home to wild animals. There
are many kinds of wild animals living in
the forests of Nepal. Forests provide food and shelter for these animals.
People from many countries come to Nepal to see beautiful birds and
animals. Fruits and grasses grow in forests. People use grass to feed
cattle. Forests contribute to rainfall. They keep the soil firm. So, forests
help control soil erosion, landslides and floods.

68 Oasis Social Studies & Creative Arts-4

Green forests are Nepal's wealth.
Forests provide wood, fuel, herbs,
etc. Therefore, we should not destroy
forests. We should conserve them.

Water
Water is the most important natural
resource. Nepal is rich in water resource.
In terms of hydropower potential, Nepal
comes 2nd after Brazil.

Nepal has lots of rivers that flow from the Himalayas. The rivers flow
down the mountain regions to the Terai. The main rivers of Nepal
are Mechi, Koshi, Narayani, Gandaki, Karnali and Mahakali. Kankai,
Bagmati, Trishuli, Marshyangdi, Seti, Rapti and Bheri are other important
rivers. These rivers have immense potential for electricity generation.
Also, these rivers can irrigate farmland if we make canals.

Lakes are also important sources of water. Lakes are large areas of water
surrounded by land. There are many lakes in Nepal. Rara is the largest
lake. It is located in Mugu. The second largest lake is Phewa. It is in
Pokhara, Kaski. Begnas and Rupa are other lakes in Pokhara.

Water is used for many purposes. It is used for drinking, washing and
irrigation. Hydro-electricity is also produced from fast flowing rivers.

Land/Soil

Land is the layer of earth on which we live and grow plants and vegetables.
In Nepal, most people depend
on land for their livelihood.
They farm to earn their living.
Land includes soil to minerals.
Soil is important for agriculture.
It is not possible for people and
animals to live on earth without
soil. The land in Terai is very
fertile. It is good for agriculture.
But in the hills and mountains, the surface is rugged and steep. When
it rains heavily, the water current washes the top soil away. It results in
landslides. So, the trees should be planted to protect soil on the hills.

Oasis Social Studies & Creative Arts-4 69

A variety of soils are found across Nepal. Alluvial soil is found in Terai.
Such soil is good for growing paddy, wheat, jute, oilseed, tobacco and
sugarcane. Sandy and stony soil is found in the inner Terai and the Chure
Range. This type of soil is good for growing groundnuts, coconuts, palm,
oilseed, maize, potatoes, etc. Reddish grey soil is found in the hills.
This type of soil is good for potatoes, fruits, soybean, tea and maize.
Lacustrine soil is found in the valley. Its colour is black. It is good to
grow green vegetables and food crops. In the Himalayan Region, the soil
is not suitable for food and cash crops. So only buckwheat, barley, maize
and potato are grown in the region.

Minerals

Minerals are substances like
stone, rock, coal, iron, copper,
limestone, gold, and natural gas
which lie buried under the earth.
These minerals are important.
For example, marbles are made
of rocks. Limestones are used in
cement industries. Hetauda and
Udaypur cement factories are the
examples of such industries.

Nepal is very rich in mineral resources. Mineral deposits of gold, mica,
limestone, iron ore and copper are found in different parts of Nepal.
However, we have yet to dig out these minerals. If we extract the
minerals, we can earn money and give people jobs. In Nepal, different
minerals are found in different places. Some of them are :

Copper: Buddha Khola (Bandipur), Gyari (Gorkha), Arghauli
(Chisapani), Taplejung, Ilam, Baitadi, etc.

Iron: Ramechhap, Labdhi Khola, Pyuthan, Bhainse, Kulekhani,
Bhutkhola, Phulchoki, Ghatkhola, etc.

Mica: Bhojpur, Chainpur, Lamjung, Dhankuta, Nuwakot,
Sindhuligadhi, etc.

Limestone: Chovar (Kathmandu), Bhainse (Makawanpur), Udayapur

70 Oasis Social Studies & Creative Arts-4

Free the Words

timber : wood
herb : plant used in medicines
soil erosion : process of losing the top soil
immense : very great in size
potential : possible
irrigate : to supply land with water
canal : a long narrow place to pass water
rugged : having a rough surface
steep : very high
buried : inside the earth
extract : to pull out

In-class Activities

Get into small group of 4-5 students. Select a natural resource such as
forest, water, minerals as your group topic. Discuss among yourselves
and prepare a list of suggestions to protect and preserve the resource.

Exercise

1. Match the following: • Terai/valley
• limestones
Irrigation/hydro-electricity • water
Paper/furniture industries • forest
Agriculture/vegetation • land
Cement factories
Alluvial soil

2. Fill in the blanks.

a. Forests occupy about ................. % ares of Nepal’s land.
b. Forests help control ..................., ................, and floods.
c. .................. and ............... are the major sources of water.
d. ..................is the layer of earth on which we live and grow plants and

vegetables.
e. Minerals lie ......................... the earth.

Oasis Social Studies & Creative Arts-4 71

3. Write whether the following statements are True or False.

a. Forests provide vegetation, herbs, plants and grass.

b. Nepal is the richest country in water resource.

c. Land is more important for Nepal because it is an
agricultural country.

d. Nepal has been able to extract minerals from the earth.

e. Right use of minerals can make our country rich.

4. Answer these questions.

a. Explain the advantages of forests.

b. What are the two main sources of water in Nepal?

c. Write about the main rivers and lakes of Nepal.

d. Write about different varieties of soil found in Nepal.

e. What are minerals used for?

5. Write different ways to preserve forest of your community.

a. Local people themselves should take care of the forest.

b. .....................................................................................................................

c. .....................................................................................................................

6. Where are the following minerals found in Nepal ? Complete
the table.

Minerals Copper Iron Mica Limestone

Districts

7. Write about the importance of water resource.

72 Oasis Social Studies & Creative Arts-4

Lesson

4.4 Temples, Stupas, Palaces
Mosques and Churches

Pre-reading Activities

Before you begin the lesson, make a list of the historical or cultural sites you have
seen such as temples, palaces, mosques, and churches. Tell the class what you saw
there and what interesting facts you have noticed.

Reading

Nepal has many cultural sites. It has many temples, historical palaces,
gumbas, stupas, mosques and churches. They are our cultural assets.
We should preserve them. In this lesson, we will learn about some of the
historical, religious and cultural sites of Nepal.

Religious Sites

Pashupatinath Temple

Pashupatinath Temple is one of the most significant
Hindu temples in the world. People visit this
temple to worship Lord Shiva. It is located on
the bank of Bagmati River in Kathmandu. This
temple is very famous and is included in the
UNESCO World Heritage Sites list. Though this
temple is for the Hindus, people of other religions
also visit.

Pashupatinath Temple is the oldest Hindu temple
in Kathmandu. This temple was built some time
around 400 A.D. Thousands of pilgrims from all
over the world visit this temple and pay homage to Lord Shiva.

Lumbini

Lumbini is the birthplace of Lord Buddha. Millions
of Buddhists from all over the world come here.
Lumbini is in Rupandehi district. It is also one of
the most important historical sites in Nepal. It has
rich natural beauty. Lumbini Garden is the most
important site there. It is said that Siddhartha
Gautam was born in Lumbini Garden.

Oasis Social Studies & Creative Arts-4 73

Changu Narayan

ChanguNarayanisthetemple of LordVishnu.
It is situated in Bhaktapur district. Changu
Narayan is also called Champakaranya,
Dolashiker and Dolaparuat, but it is
famously known as Changu Narayan. It is
believed that Lichchhavi King Mandev built
this temple.

Grace Church

Churches are as important to Christians
as temples are to Hindus. There are many
churches in Nepal. One of them is Grace
Church. It is situated in Dhobighat, Lalitpur.
On Sunday, Christians go to church and
pray to Jesus Christ. This church also works
in support of the uneducated, poor people
of the least developed parts of the country.

Nepali Jame Masjid, Kathmandu

Jame Masjid is the biggest mosque in Nepal.
It is situated at Ghantaghar, Kathmandu.
Every Friday, Nepali Muslims go to this
mosque and recite prayers. During the
month of Ramadan, many Muslim people
visit this mosque.

Historical Sites

Bhaktapur Durbar Square

Bhaktapur covers an area of four square
miles. 'Bhakta' means 'devotees' and 'Pur'
means 'city.' So, Bhaktapur means the city
of devotees. There are palaces that date
back to the Malla dynasty. Bhaktapur
Durbar Square is famous for palaces and
temples. Many people from Nepal and abroad visit this place.

74 Oasis Social Studies & Creative Arts-4

Patan Durbar Square

Patan Durbar Square is situated in Mangal Bazar
of Lalitpur. In this Square, there are palaces and
temples. Also, there are many stone statues. The
palaces and temples were built during the Malla
period. This Square is full of Hindu temples and
Buddhist monuments.

Kathmandu Durbar Square

Kathmandu Durbar Square is situated in Basantapur
of Kathmandu. It has many ancient temples and
monuments. It has also the palace where the king of
Nepal used to stay before they moved to Narayanhiti
Palace. The major attractions of this site are Taleju Temple, Jagannath
Temple, Hanuman Dhoka, Bhandarkal, Kumari Bahal, etc.

Free the Words

asset : property

significant : important

pilgrim : a person who travels to temples and religious places

homage : respect

mosque : building in which Muslims pray

devotee : a person who believes in religion, God

abroad : outside the country

monument : building made to remind people of a famous person or event

In-class Activities Jame Masjid
Match the following: Bhaktapur
Lumbini
Birthplace of Gautam Buddha Pashupatinath
Oldest Hindu temple Patan Durbar Square
Biggest mosque in Nepal
Palaces and temples of Malla kings
City of devotees

Oasis Social Studies & Creative Arts-4 75

Exercise

1. Look at the pictures below and write who visit these places.

2. Write whether the following statements are True or False.

a. Lumbini is famous because it is the birthplace of
Gautam Buddha.

b. Nepali Jame Masjid is for Muslims from across the
country.

c. The oldest Hindu temple in Kathmandu is Changu
Narayan.

d. Bhaktapur can also be called the city of devotees.

e. Palaces and temples in Patan were built during the
Malla period.

3. Answer these questions.
a. When was Pashupatinath Temple built?
b. What are the other names of Changu Narayan?
c. Why is Lumbini Garden more important than other places?
d. What can one see at Patan Durbar Square?

4. Tick ( √ ) the correct answer.
a. Christians usually go to Church on:

a. Saturday b. Sunday c. Monday

b. Muslims go to Mosque on: c. Saturday
a. Friday b. Sunday

c. Changu Narayan was built by: c. Rana Bdr. Shah
a. Mandev b. Pratap Malla

76 Oasis Social Studies & Creative Arts-4

Lesson

4.5 Live Clean, Think Clear

Pre-reading Activities

How clean is your neighbourhood/community? What should you do to keep it
clean? Tell your friends about cleanliness of your community.

Reading

When Nistha was going home from school,
she saw a notice put up at the corner of
a narrow road. It said Yahan Pisab Garna
Manahi Chha, urinating here is strictly
prohibited. She read it and got surprised.
"How funny," she said. She reached home
and asked her father "Why was there such
a notice?" Her father explained that some people in the neighborhood do
not care about cleanliness. They throw garbage anywhere; they urinate in
the open space and even relieve their bowel. Nistha had an idea. What if
she called her friends from the neighbourhood on Saturday and started a
cleaning campaign.

One Saturday, she and her friends from the neighborhood gathered. They
began to sweep the road. They picked up wrappers and other dirty things
off the streets and put them in the dustbin. Then they visited every house
and told people not to litter the neighbourhood. "We should use toilets.
And we should collect waste materials in a basket and throw them in
the garbage container," they said. When they were sweeping, she saw a
man smoking. She went to him and said "You should not smoke in public
places."

When the adults saw children working like this, they felt inspired. Then
they also joined hands with the children. They called the trucks to take the
garbage away. Then, older people also cleaned the wells, the chautaris, and

Oasis Social Studies & Creative Arts-4 77

the temples. They cut weeds with sickles. They
picked pebbles from the road and put them in
a container. Finally, the neighbourhood became
a clean place. Now the funny notice has been
replaced by another "Live clean, think clear."

Since that day, it has become a routine for the
people of Nistha's neighbourhood to clean up
the community every Saturday. Someone told this to Nishta's teacher
in school. Her head teacher became very happy. And one day in the
assembly, he announced Nistha's name. "We have come to know that our
student from Grade IV, Nistha KC, has begun to do social work. We are
very happy, let's give her a big hand." Then everyone clapped for her. She
was very happy.

Free the Words

urinate : to pass out urine from the body
prohibit : not allow
garbage : waste material
relieve : remove
campaign : planned activity
gather : to come together
litter : to put things in an untidy way
weed : small plant, grass

In-class Activities

Look at the picture below and write what is happening. What
suggestions would you give to people in the picture to keep the place
clean and healthy?

78 Oasis Social Studies & Creative Arts-4

Exercise

1. Write whether the following statements are True or False.

a. Nistha decided to clean up her community.
b. She chose Sunday for her work.
c. When the elders saw the children working,

they felt ashamed.
d. A new notice has been put up "Live clean,

think clear."

2. Answer the following questions.

a. What did the notice that Nistha saw on her way say?
b. What did Nistha's father tell her?
c. What did Nistha and her friends tell every household?
d. Why did everyone clap for Nistha in school?

3. Write about temples, wells, taps, etc. in your nighbourhood that need
cleaning.
........................................................................................................................... .
........................................................................................................................... .
........................................................................................................................... .
........................................................................................................................... .

4. Prepare a poster that encourages people to keep public places neat and
clean. Write some slogans below.
Ex. "Let us keep the public place clean and healthy."
a. .....................................................................................................................
b. .....................................................................................................................
c. .....................................................................................................................

5. Write down the advantages of cleaning public places. Also include
disadvantages of not cleaning them.

Oasis Social Studies & Creative Arts-4 79

Lesson Rules of the Road

4.6

Pre-reading Activities

Do you walk on the road or on the pavement? How do you cross the road? What
should you do to keep yourself safe while crossing the road?

Reading

When we are out of home, we should
be careful about many things. We
should look where we are going
so that we do not bump into other
people. These days roads in most
cities of Nepal are full of traffic. Traffic
means the movement of vehicles like
cars, motorbikes, buses, etc.
When we are walking outdoors, we
have to walk on the pavement. A
pavement is a raised path on the side of the road for people to walk. We
must remember the rules of the road. Here they are. Please read them
carefully.

• We have to use the pavement for walking. If there is no pavement, we
have to walk on the left side.

Before crossing the road, first we
should look both ways to check if
vehicles are coming. If vehicles are
not coming, or if the traffic signals
turn green then we should cross
the road.

80 Oasis Social Studies & Creative Arts-4

• We have to cross the road form zebra crossings.

• If there are overhead bridges and underground
passages, we should use them instead of walking
on the road.

• We should follow the rules of traffic light. If the
light is green, it means you can cross the road.
If the light turns yellow, it means you get ready
to cross but do not cross it yet. Light sequence is
Green → Yellow→ Red → Green.

But when the light changes into red, it means do not cross the road.

• We should not let animals loose on the road; neither should we use
roads for drying mats and grains.

• We should not play on the road. We may meet with an accident if
we do.

• We should not give signal to stop vehicles haphazardly. We should
get in or get down the vehicles at bus station or bus stop.

• We should not thrust out any part of our body such as head, hands,
etc. from the window of a running vehicle.

• We should always follow the instructions given by the traffic police.

If we follow the road rules, we protect ourselves from accidents. It
also helps traffic police to manage the traffic.

Free the Words

bump : hit or collide
underground : below the surface
thrust out : push out, take out

In-class Activities

Imagine that you are going to give a speech to very young children
on “Road Safety.” Write a brief speech explaining the importance of
following traffic rules. Read out your write-up to the class.

Oasis Social Studies & Creative Arts-4 81

Exercise

1. Fill in the blanks.

a. We have to walk on ........................ .
b. Traffic means ..................... and buses.
c. ................ are for people to cross from above the road.
d. Do not cross the road if the light is ...................... .

2. Answer these questions.

a. What does "traffic" mean?
b. What is a pavement?
c. What does it mean when the light changes into green from yellow?
d. Why should we follow the road rules?
3. Look at the picture and write what they should/should not do on the road.

4. What do the following signs mean? Discuss and answer.

5. Draw a picture that shows:
a. Traffic light
b. A man using zebra crossing
c. Overhead bridge

82 Oasis Social Studies & Creative Arts-4

Lesson Rural Municipality

4.7 (Gaunpalika)

Pre-reading Activities

Do you live in a village or a city? Do you have a Rural Municipality or a Municipality
to carry out local development works in your area? Make a list of information that
you already have about Rural Municipality or Municipality.

Reading

A rural municipality is like a
family. In a family, there are
several members. They work for
the good of the family. A rural
municipality is a big family and
it works for the whole village.
It is an administrative unit of
the village where there are different members. In Grade Three, you learnt
about ward committees. Ward committees are the smaller units of a rural
municipality.

A rural municipality has 5-21 wards. There is a provision of the
village assembly. It has one chairperson, one vice chairperson, ward
chairpersons, and four members elected from each ward and members
of the rural municipality elected from Dalit and minority communities.
Every five years, rural municipality members are elected by the people.
There are currently 460 rural municipalities (Gaunpalika) in Nepal. A
rural municipality does various jobs in the society. Some of them are
listed here:

• Construct taps, wells and ponds to provide clean drinking water to
the villagers

• Repair taps, wells, tube wells, footpaths, etc.
Oasis Social Studies & Creative Arts-4 83

• Develop transportation facilities
• Run schools and child care centers
• Work to stop soil erosion, landslides and floods
• Make canals for irrigation
• Keep the village clean
• Make parks and rest houses
• Issue birth, marriage and death certificates
• Write recommendations for people

There is an office in every rural municipality. You must also know where
your rural municipality office is.

Free the Words : managing official and legal matters

administrative : make
construct
recommendation : a letter written in support of a person for
job/scholarship

In-class Activities

Try answering the following questions. If you do not know the
answers, then ask your parents or elders at home to get the answers.

• What is the name of your rural municipality (Gaunpalika) or
municipality?

• In which ward do you live?

• What main works does the rural municipality (Gaunpalika) or
municipality do in your community?

• How can you help rural municipality (Gaunpalika) or municipality
to perform its work?

84 Oasis Social Studies & Creative Arts-4

Exercise

1. Tick (√) the correct alternative.
a. The head of rural municipality is ...................... .

a. Chairperson b. Vice-chairperson c. Secretary

b. Rural municipality has as many as ..................... wards.

a. 5-9 b. 5-21 c. 5-18

c. iTnhNereepaarle. currently ................ number of rural municipalities

a. 246 b. 13 c. 460

d. Election of Rural Municipality takes place:

a. Every five years b. Once in three years c. Once a decade

2. Answer these questions.
a. What is a rural municipality?
b. Write about the formation of a village assembly.
c. Write three important functions of a rural municipality.

3. Write about the formation of your rural municipality. Fill in
every blank column.

Chairperson
............................

Vice-Chairperson
............................

Ward-Chairpersons 4 women members 2 members from
Ward No. 1 .............................. 1. ........................ Dalit or minority
Ward No. 2 .............................. 2. ........................
Ward No. 3 .............................. 3. ........................ communities
Ward No. 4 .............................. 4. ........................
Ward No. 5 .............................. 1. ...........................
....................................................
.................................................... 2. ...........................
....................................................
....................................................

Oasis Social Studies & Creative Arts-4 85

Lesson Municipality

4.8

Pre-reading Activities

Observe the map of Nepal given in the lesson. Mark the district you live in. Then,
find out how many municipalities, metropolis, and sub-metropolises are in the
district. Pick the municipality or metropolis you live in and tell the class about it.

Reading

A municipality is a unit similar to a rural
municipality but with a larger population
and more facilities and services available.
For example, it has roads, electricity,
telecommunication and a drinking water
supply.

Municipalities are of three kinds

Municipality: A municipality must have different population in different
regions. Its annual revenue should be at least 2 million.

Geographical Regions Population
Terai 75,000
Inner Terai (plain part) 75,000
Inner Terai (hilly part) 35,000
Hill 35,000
Himalaya (hilly part) 35,000
Himalaya (mountain part) 20,000

Kathmandu Valley 45,000

District Headquarter of Terai/Inner Terai and Hill 95,000

Sub-Metropolitan City: The population limit for sub-metropolitan
city is 1,50,000 and annual revenue is 100 million. Also facilities of

86 Oasis Social Studies & Creative Arts-4

transportation, electricity, drinking water and communication must be

available.

Metropolitan City: An urban area with a population of 300,000 and
an annual revenue 400 million can be declared a metropolitan city.
Moreover, there should be facilities of transportation, communication,
electricity, drinking water, hospital, schools, university, etc.

In Nepal, there are fewer municipalities than Gaunpalikas. There are
6 metropolitan, 11 sub-metropolitan and 276 municipalities. The 6
metropolitan cities are Kathmandu, Lalitpur, Bharatpur, Biratnagar,
Birgunj and Pokhara. Similarly, 11 sub-metropolitan cities are Ithari,
Dharan, Kalaiya, Simara Jitpur, Janakpur, Butwal, Tulsipur, Ghorahi,
Nepalgunj, Dhangadhi and Hetauda.

In a municipality, there are minimum of 9 and a maximum of 35 wards.
The number of wards depends on the area and population. From each
ward, a ward Chairperson and four other members are elected. The head
of the municipality is called the Mayor. There is also a Deputy Mayor.
A Mayor, Deputy Mayor, Chairpersons from the wards, four members
elected from each ward and members of the municipality elected from
Dalit or minority communities make a municipal assembly.

The main function of the municipality is to further develop the
municipality and its surrounding area. It keeps the record of population
and habitation. It provides fire brigade service in case a fire breaks out
in its area.

Other functions

• To approve the blueprints of a house to be built within the municipality
• To preserve and protect public taps, wells, ponds and cultural and

religious heritages
• To construct and repair roads
• To establish hospitals and offer health services
• To work on development activities related to education, games and sports
• To manage the solid waste
• To manage orphanages for orphans and destitutes
• To preserve and promote small and cottage industries
• To manage street light and afforestation programme on either side of the road
• To operate and manage hospitals, ayurvedic hospitals and health centres
• To work for the overall development of the municipality

Oasis Social Studies & Creative Arts-4 87

Free the Words

revenue : earnings
annual : of one year
urban : of town and city
mayor : chief of municipality
habitation : house, home, etc.
blueprint : photograph
orphanage : a shelter for orphans
destitute : extremely poor

In-class Activities

In a blank page trace the map of the municipality you live in or that is
closest to your home. Also show important places such as markets, rivers,
lakes, roads, etc. Show the map to the class.

Exercise

1. Tick (√) the correct alternative.

a. Minimum population for a municipality in the plain is:

i. 10,000 ii. 20,000 iii. 75,000

b. A municipality can have wards between:

i. 9-35 ii. 9-20 iii. 1-9

c. A metropolitan city should have at least ............. people.

i. 3,00,000 ii. 30,000 iii. 1,00,000

d. The head of the municipality is:

i. mayor ii. deputy-mayor iii. secretary

88 Oasis Social Studies & Creative Arts-4

2. Answer these questions.
a. What basic services should be available in a municipality?
b. In what way is a municipality different from a rural
municipality?
c. What are the three categories of municipality?
d. Write five important functions of a municipality.

3. Fill in the following with details and complete the
composition of the members of your municipality.

Municipality ...........................................................................

Mayor ......................................................................................

Deputy Mayor ........................................................................

Chairperson from your ward ...............................................
...................................................................................................

Five women members 1 .....................................................

2 .....................................................

3 .....................................................

4 .....................................................
5 .....................................................

Three members from Dalit or minority community

1 .....................................................

2 .....................................................

3 .....................................................

4. What are the major tasks to be carried out to develop your
rural municipality (Gaunpalika) or municipality.

5. Draw a map of Nepal and show the metropolitan and
sub-metropolitan cities in it.

Oasis Social Studies & Creative Arts-4 89

Lesson We All Are Equal

4.9

Pre-reading Activities

Look at the friends in your class. How are they different from you? They may
belong to different castes and cultures, but they are not different from you. In
a community too, there are different people, but they are all equal. Think and
discuss what makes different people live harmoniously in a community.

Reading

There live some sixty families in a small town. The
people in the town have different professions. There
are teachers, doctors, engineers, social workers and
labourers. They also speak different languages and
have different cultures and religions. For example,
Manoj Rai is a Christian. Gani Ansari is a Muslim.
He is an engineer. He goes to Mosque every Friday.
Ambika Poudel is a Brahmin priest. He goes to the
temple of Lord Rama every morning and brings
prasad for others. "Hare Rama, Lord Rama," he says
when others greet him saying "Namaskar Guru."
Sarita Bajracharya is a Buddhist; she is a teacher at a local school. Ratan
makes shoes.

There has never been any serious trouble in
this town. This is because there is a feeling of
equality among all. Doctors do not boast of
their profession. Shoemakers do not feel bad
about their jobs. Everyone regards their job
and work as a duty toward their family and
the society. People love and respect each other.
Untouchability is not practised in this town.
They love Ratan too. "If he does not make shoes

90 Oasis Social Studies & Creative Arts-4

for us, what will we wear?" they say and Ratan
smiles. Men and women work together. At least
one woman from a family is a job holder. Women
go to offices to work. They educate both sons and
daughters. "Who says daughters should not be
sent to school? They are as important as sons"
they say. "We are all equal."

Free the Words

boast : talk big; exaggerate

untouchability : bad practice of not allowing the so-called
low-caste people to enter home, kitchen, etc. by
the so called higher caste

In-class Activities

Get into small groups. Discuss the following questions. Then, write what
you think about the situations.
• What will you do if someone insults you or even curses you?
• What should you do to respect others?
• If you see someone forcing a child to work, what will you do?

Exercise makes shoes
is a Christian
1. Match the following: teaches at school
prays to Lord Rama
Manoj Rai goes to Mosque
Gani Ansari
Ambika Poudel Oasis Social Studies & Creative Arts-4 91
Sarita Bajracharya
Ratan

2. Answer these questions.
a. How are the people of town different?
b. What is the main feature of the town?
c. Why has there not been any trouble in the town?
d. Do men and women work together there?
e. What do they say about educating daughters?

3. What similarities and differences do you find between people
of different castes?

4. Look at the pictures below and write whether they are
practising equality or not.

Projects for Unit Four
1. Study the picture below. What rights of the woman have been

violated here? Write what she should do to enjoy her rights.
..........................................................
..........................................................
..........................................................
..........................................................
..........................................................
..........................................................

2. Make a short profile of natural resources available in your district.
Use pictures if possible.

3. Suppose you want to begin a cleanliness campaign in your
community. Prepare a poster or a hoarding board to raise
people's awareness about cleanliness.

92 Oasis Social Studies & Creative Arts-4

In this unit, we have learned that:

• children enjoy special rights; these rights are guaranteed by the
Constitution of Nepal.

• every child has rights to identity, health care, education, food, and
shelter.

• to make children work in factories, mines, and other risky places is
against child rights.

• the Constitution of Nepal has provided special rights to women.
• every woman has rights to property, health care, and rights to be a

mother.

• there should be no discrimination against women in the name of
culture and tradition.

• water, forest, and minerals are natural resources; they are given to
us by nature.

• we should wisely utilize natural resources for our need; we must
also protect and preserve them for future.

• besides natural resources, we also have cultural heritages such as
monuments, temples, mosques, churches, arts, and architecture.

• its our duty to take care of our cultural heritages.

• we live in a neighbourhood; but we also have to keep our
neighbourhood clean and healthy.

• there are rules that vehicles and people on the road must follow;
they are called traffic rules.

• we should follow traffic rules to stay safe on the road; we must use
zebra-crossing to cross the road.

• Rural municipality looks after the daily official work in the village;
they also carry out development work in the village.

• there exists unity in diversity in our country; people who speak
different languages, follow different religions and cultures live
together in harmony.

• we must respect differences; we should not discriminate people on
the basis of their gender, religion, culture, and ethnicity.

Oasis Social Studies & Creative Arts-4 93

Test Your Knowledge

1. As a child, you may have participated in different decision
making activities in your family. List out those activities.

Sending daughter to school
Decision making
activities



2. List out the plants, animals, birds and minerals found in
your surroundings.

Plants Animals Birds Minerals

3. Answer these questions.
a. What are the four major areas of child rights?

b. Why do you need child rights ? Give reasons.

c. Write any four ways to preserve natural resources.

d. What are zebra-crossing and overhead bridge used for?
e. Why do we need rural municipality and municipality?

4. List out the activities that you have carried out to preserve
and promote the cultural heritages of your community.

5. There might be cases of inequality and discrimination
between men and women in your locality. List them below.

S.N. Cases of Equality Case of Inequality/Discrimination
1.
2.

3.

6. 'Respect others to get respected.' How far do you agree with
this statement? Write your views.

94 Oasis Social Studies & Creative Arts-4

Unit Our Earth

5

In this unit, we will learn to:

• talk about the location, climate, physical feature, and life style of the district you
live in.

• locate your district in the political map of Nepal.
• name the rivers, lakes, and mountains located in your district.
• draw a map of your district and show important places.
• talk about the origin and formation of earth.
• introduce India, the closest neighbouring country of Nepal.
• identify the borders and boundaries of India.
• speak about China, another close neighbouring country of Nepal.
• trace the map of China and locate the capital city in the map.

Oasis Social Studies & Creative Arts-4 95

Lesson

5.1 My District, Sunsari

Pre-reading Activities

Go out to the open place with your teacher. First get the basic idea about directions:
east, west, north, south. Try to locate the areas/districts to your east, west, north,
south. Then locate your own district in the map of Nepal.

Reading

Do you know Nepal has seventy seven N
districts? Our country is divided into
small administrative units. We call them
districts. We live in different districts of
Nepal. For example, I live in Sunsari.

Sunsari is one among 77 districts. The
district, with Inaruwa as its district
headquarters, covers an area of 1,257
square kilometers and has a population
(as of the 2011 census) of 751,125. To its
east lies Morang, towards the west are
Saptari and Udayapur. Dhankuta is to
the north and on the south it borders
India. Originally, Sunsari was a part of
Morang but it became a separate district after April 13, 1961 (Baisakh 1,
2018 BS) when Nepal was divided into 14 zones and 75 districts. Major
cities in Sunsari are Dharan, Itahari, Tarahara, Duhabi, and Inaruwa.

Sunsari is in the Terai. Therefore, it is quite hot during the summer. There
is heavy rain during the monsoon. Sometimes heavy rain results in floods.
Because the climate is hot, trees are tall and green but they are not like the
trees in the hilly region.

96 Oasis Social Studies & Creative Arts-4

During the winter it is cold. The soil of this area is very fertile. Farmers
grow wheat, rice, pulses, sugarcane and oilseeds. Similarly, fruits such
as mangoes, bananas, pineapples and papayas are also grown here.

Sunsari is densely populated. It is because it has good facilities. There
are roads, telephone, electricity, shops, hospitals, schools and colleges.
People come to work in Dharan. They also come to Itahari and Inaruwa
to study and for jobs and people work in different sectors here.

Though many people are involved in agriculture, there are others
engaged in trade and industry. There are many factories in Sunsari.

People of different castes and origins live in Sunsari. There are people
like Madheshis, Rais, Limbus, Kshetris, Brahmins, Tharus, etc. Mostly
there are people of hilly origin here. They have migrated from the hills
to the plains. It is like a multicultural district. Marwaris live in the urban
areas. They are involved in business. Because Sunsari is a hot place
people wear thin clothes. Women wear saris.

Many people here are Hindus. They celebrate Hindu festivals like
Dashain, Tihar and Ramnawami. Other festivals like Id, Chhath, Lhosar,
Chandinach, and Dhannach are also celebrated.

Free the Words

headquarters : area where main offices of the district are located
multicultural
: having people of different race, religion,culture,
etc.

In-class Activities

Take the help of a map and fill in the information about your own district
in the table below. You may also take help of your teacher, if you need.

My district Headquarters Northern Southern Eastern Western Physical
border border border border feature

Oasis Social Studies & Creative Arts-4 97

Exercise

1. Fill in the blanks.
a. Our country has ...................... district administrative units.

b. Area of Sunsari district is ...................... .

c. Sunsari became an independent unit in .................... .

d. People of many castes and religions live in Sunsari. So it is
............. district.

2. Write whether the following statements are True or False.

a. Sunsari and Morang were one district until 1962 AD.

b. Udaypur is the headquarters of Sunsari.

c. Maize is the main crop of Sunsari.

d. Dharan is the largest city of Nepal.

e. People in Sunsari wear thin clothes.

3. Answer these questions.
a. What is a district?
b. Which are the neighbouring districts of Sunsari?
c. What are the main crops grown in this district?
d. Why is Sunsari called a multicultural district?

e. What festivals do people of Sunsari celebrate?

4. Write about your own district. Use the information you listed
in in-class activities.

Name of district: Plants: Dress:

Headquarters : Agricultural products:

Physical structure: Popular places: Climate:
Language:
Festivals: Border:

3. Draw a map of your district and locate different important
places in it.

98 Oasis Social Studies & Creative Arts-4

Lesson Mapping Surkhet

5.2

Pre-reading Activities

Take five minutes. Write as many words and phrases as you can about your
district. Then read the words you have written. Use the words in sentences.
Read out to the class.

Reading

My name is Angel. I study in Grade Four. I was born in Surkhet. I love
my birthplace. It is located in Karnali province. Karnali River lies to the
west and Bheri River to the east. Bardia National Park lies to the south of
my district. Dailekh is to the north. It is one of the main entry points to
mid-western hilly districts. It is a beautiful valley with a regional airport
which links the district with Nepalgunj, Jumla, Dolpa, Simikot and
Kathmandu. Kankrebihar and Deutibajai temples are the major religious
sites. Bulbule Lake, Gothikanda and Guranse are the beautiful places in
my district. Basically, Chhetris, Brahmins, Thakuris, Magars and Tharus
are the inhabitants of the district. It is hot and rainy in summer and cold
and dry in winter. But sometimes, it receives rainfall in winter as well. It
receives more winter rain than the eastern part of our country. Farmers
wait on winter rain for the winter crops. Birendranagar is the headquarters
of my district. Chhinchu is another important town of this district. The
government has established a university in the district.

Index

Airport

Road

Temple

River

Forest

Oasis Social Studies & Creative Arts-4 99

A map uses various symbols. In the map above, different symbols are
used to show physical items and political boundaries. It is very important
to know which symbol is used for which object.

Free the Words

inhabitant : resident
university : a school of higher studies

In-class Activities

In a map or atlas, locate your district. Trace the map in your notebook.
Show important places in the map. Also note which other districts and
places are in the four directions of your district.

Exercise

1. Answer the following questions.
a. Which river flows in the east of Surkhet?
b. Which places are linked by Surkhet airport?
c. Name the main groups of people who live in Surkhet.
d. Briefly write about two towns of Surkhet district.
e. In a map what do we use to show different items?

2. Write symbols used in the given map and indicate the
f ollo wi ng: Symbols

a. Rivers

b. Religious places

c. Airport

d. Road

e. Forest

3. Draw the map of your own district and use appropriate
symbols to show different historical and religious places.

4. Draw a map of Nepal and show your district in it.

100 Oasis Social Studies & Creative Arts-4