51 Oasis Radiant Computer Science, Book 6 Searching from the Start Menu The Windows Explorer pane is not the only place you can access Search and Libraries. • You will find a Search bar in the Start Menu, along with one click access to popular Libraries. • Type the name of files or folders and search it. • The system will display the list of files or folders with given names. Key Points • An operating system is a software programme that enables the computer hardware to communicate and operate with the computer software. • The main job of operating system is to manage files on computer hard drives and control peripherals, like printers, scanners, etc. • Disk operating system is the most basic form of operating system. • The main function of disk operating system is to coordinate with the user and outside devices used in the computer system. • File is a collection of related information. • The name of each file must be unique in same directory. • Microsoft Windows is a GUI (Graphical User Interface) based operating system developed by Microsoft Corporation. • Desktop is the first windows screen which you get after starting your computer. • My Computer icon is the access point to all of the files on your computer.
Oasis Radiant Computer Science, Book 6 52 Exercise 1. Answer the following questions. a. What is an operating system? b. Write some features of operating system. c. What is Disk Operating System? d. What are File and Directory? e. What is Windows? When was the first version of Windows released? f. What is Desktop? Name any six icons available in the desktop. g. What is Gadgets in Windows? h. How do we shut down the computer? Write with steps. i. How do we search files? j. Write the steps to pin a programme on taskbar. 2. Fill in the blanks: a. An ……..is a set of software that manages computer hardware resources. b. MS-DOS is an ………..system. c. The main function of disk operating system is to ……….the user and outside devices used in computer system. d. File is a ………….of related information. e. Directory is known as ………….. in windows system. f. Windows is ................ User Interface operating system. g. Process to show programmes in taskbar is .................... h. Libraries contain ............... and ..................... . 3. State whether the following statements are True or False. a. DOS is also an operating system.
53 Oasis Radiant Computer Science, Book 6 b. File is a collection of related information. c. Windows has different gadgets. d. Windows 7 is one of the oldest versions of windows. e. Windows 8 was released in May 2013. f. My Document is not a desktop icon. g. Start menu always appears at the top of the windows desktop. h. We can turn off computer by clicking on My Computer icon. i. Recycle bin stores the deleted items from the windows. j. The items stored in Recycle bin cannot be restored. 4. Write down the full forms of: a. OS b. MS-DOS c. GUI d. CPU 5. Write short notes on: a. My computer b. Pin and unpin programmes in taskbar c. Directory d. Gadgets in Windows 6. Project work a. Draw various icons available on Windows Desktop. b. List various versions of Windows operating system with the help of your computer teacher. c. Search some video files in C drive. d. Pin and unpin a programme on the taskbar. e. How can we change the desktop and screen saver?
Oasis Radiant Computer Science, Book 6 54 Computer Graphics: Photoshop 7 Chapter 8 The concept of graphic design 8 The process to use various tools 8 Handling the picture 8 Use of different forms of images
55 Oasis Radiant Computer Science, Book 6 Adobe Photoshop Photoshop is the leading professional image-editing programme, released by Adobe. Photoshop is useful for both creating and editing images to be used in print or online. Photoshop is the best choice for any image manipulation job because it is easy to use. How to start Click the “Start” menu and go to the “Programmes”, or "Programs", folder. In the version discussed here, you will see an “Adobe” folder with “Photoshop 7.0” inside; click this icon. We will get the system of Photoshop. Menu Details of Photoshop The main menu of Photoshop has the following: File – create new images, open pre-existing images, print, exit the programme, etc. Edit – undo, copy, paste, cut, preferences, basic image manipulation, etc. Image – change the image or canvas size, rotate, adjust brightness & contrast, etc. Computer Graphics 7 Photoshop Chapter
Oasis Radiant Computer Science, Book 6 56 Layer – create / delete layers, merge layers together, layer effects, etc. Select – adjust the selected area of your image. Filter – apply filters and effects to your images. View – zoom in and out of your images. Window – Open or close different windows within Photoshop Creating a New Canvas / Image Working area of graphic design is called canvas. We have to create the new image on the new canvas. - Click on “File” menu and select “New” (or press Ctrl+N). A window will display. Now select the required size of design or canvas and choose ok. Your canvas will open as a blank, white window. Now make the design and save it.
57 Oasis Radiant Computer Science, Book 6 Opening a Pre-existing Image • Click on “File” menu and select “Open” (or press Ctrl+O). Find the image on your computer that you wish to edit, and click “Open.” Your image will open in a new window within Photoshop. Tools used on Photoshop Once you have an image created or opened, you can edit or draw on top of it with Photoshop’s “Tools” window, which is the long, thin window that is automatically open on the left side. Here is a breakdown of all the tools contained on this bar: 1. Marquee Tool – used for selecting areas of an image. 2. Move Tool – used for moving an image to a different area of the canvas. 3. Lasso Tool – used for selecting areas of an image that may not necessarily be comprised of straight lines. 4. Magic Wand Tool – used for autoselecting large areas of an image that are similar in colour. 5. Crop Tool – used for reducing the image to a certain area (“cropping”). 6. Slice Tool – used to “slice” an image into different sections; generally used for the creation of images for a web page design. 7. Healing Brush Tool – used to fix imperfections in an image by
Oasis Radiant Computer Science, Book 6 58 copying other pixels from the image. 8. Brush Tool – used with the mouse to simply draw lines on your image. 9. Clone Stamp Tool – used to “clone” or copy one area of an image to another; first hold “Alt” and click an area of the image to copy, then click on a different area to copy it there. 10. History Brush Tool – used to copy and draw a pre-existing image in different artistic styles. 11. Eraser Tool – used to erase certain areas of an image. 12. Gradient Tool – used to create gradient fills for an image, of any colour. 13. Blur Tool – used to blur or blend areas of an image. 14. Dodge Tool – used to uniquely adjust the brightness and contrast of an image. 15. Path Selection Tool – used to merge overlapping components into a single component. 16. Type Tool – used to place text on an image. 17. Pen Tool – used to draw lines and curves with better precision. 18. Rectangle Tool – used to draw rectangles and other polygons. 19. Notes Tool – used to leave notes for yourself on your image. 20. Eyedropper Tool – used to select and match specific colours. 21. Hand Tool – used to quickly view different areas of an image. 22. Zoom Tool – used to zoom in and out of an image. 23. Set Foreground / Background Color – used to set the foreground (front) and background (back) colours of an image; can also be used to change the colours of text, etc. Click on the boxes to change the colours (a new window will appear). Cropping an Image If an image is too large and you would like to cut it to just focus on one section of the image, you can “crop” it to that size and area.
59 Oasis Radiant Computer Science, Book 6 • Select the “Crop” tool, and click and drag around the area you want. • You can resize the area (or rotate it) with the mouse by clicking any of the corners. • Now press enter to crop the image. We will get the resized form of image. Resizing an Image If you don’t want to crop your image (meaning you want the entire image, just at a smaller size), you can resize your image to any dimensions you wish. • Select “Image Size” from the “Image” menu. • Select the width and height of the image. Note: The default in Photoshop is to keep image resizing at “Constrain Proportions.” This means that if the height is changed, the width will be changed at the same ratio. This keeps your image looking approximately the same, only at different sizes. If you wish to change this, just un-click the “Constrain Proportions” check box at the bottom of the “Image Size” window.
Oasis Radiant Computer Science, Book 6 60 Selecting / Deleting a Part of an Image • Choose the “Marquee” tool • Click and drag around a part of an image. A rotating, dotted line will surround that area. To delete this section that you’ve selected, hit the “Delete” key on your keyboard. Working with Magic Wand The “Magic Wand” can select a larger area of an image by grabbing similar looking pixels and grouping them together. Select the Magic Wand tool and click an area of an image. It will select a large portion of the area which you can move, delete, etc. You can change the image size either by pixels or percentages. Use either you wish to either enlarge or reduce the size of your image. Enlarging image may reduce the quality of image. Moving an Image You can move an image to any area of the canvas you wish. • Select the “Move” tool, and click and drag the image to any area of the canvas you wish.
61 Oasis Radiant Computer Science, Book 6 Adding Text • Click the “Text” tool on the tool bar and click in your image where you want to add text. • The text will appear on top of the image, and it will be on its own new layer. You can change the font, style, size, anti-aliasing, and colour of your text on the menu directly below the main Photoshop menu. Brush / Pencil Tool The Brush tool can be right-clicked to also show the Pencil tool as an option. Both are very simple tools that allow you to directly draw on top of an image. Select a colour with the Foreground Color option on the tool bar, and select a brush size from the tool’s sub-main menu, above. Click and drag across an image to draw on top of it. Clone Tool The Clone tool will copy pixels from one part of an image and copy them to a new part of the image. The Clone tool is most useful in situations such as removing blemishes from a face in a photograph, clearing a few clouds out of a bright blue sky, etc. - Choose the Clone tool.
Oasis Radiant Computer Science, Book 6 62 • Hold the “Alt” button on your keyboard, and click in an area of the image that you’d like to copy. • Now click elsewhere in the image, and move the cursor around. The image will “clone” itself to that second area. Eraser Tool The eraser simply deletes sections of an image. • Click the Eraser tool, and click and drag around your image. • The eraser will “erase” the image to what’s set as the Background colour. Gradient / Paint Bucket Tool The Gradient tool can be used on its own, or right-clicked to also select the Paint Bucket tool. A gradient is a horizontal fading of colours, most commonly used in the creation of banners for web pages. • Select the Gradient tool, the sub-main menu for a drop-down of available gradients. The default is the most common. Once you’ve selected which gradient you wish (and a colour in the Foreground colour tool), just click and drag across your image.
63 Oasis Radiant Computer Science, Book 6 • The direction you drag (left to right, right to left, etc.) determines the flow of the gradient. The Paint Bucket lets you fill in a large section with the same colour. Select the Paint Bucket by right-clicking the Gradient tool, and click in an area of your image. It will fill with the colour selected as the Foreground colour. Blur Tool The Blur tool is useful for covering up small distortions in an image by blending the surrounding pixels together. To blur something, - Select the Blur tool - Click and drag around the area you wish to blur. Rotating an Image You can rotate and flip your image in any direction you wish. In the “Rotate Canvas” list under the “Image” menu, there’s a wide variety of options to choose from.
Oasis Radiant Computer Science, Book 6 64 If you select “Arbitrary” for a rotation, a new window will appear asking you for the direction (clockwise or counter-clockwise) and the degree of the rotation. Zoom Tool If you find that you need to zoom in or out of your image for any reason (for example, to be more precise in deleting areas), you can use the Zoom tool. Click the Zoom tool (it looks like a magnifying glass). If you click once on your image, it will zoom to double its size (100% to 200%, and so on). If you right-click, you can select the “Zoom Out,” which will reduce its size. Note that this doesn’t actually change the size of the image. It simply changes your view of the image on the canvas. Brightness & Contrast Sometimes when working with images, you may need to adjust the brightness and/ or contrast (especially with scanned images). Photoshop makes this very easy. Select “ B r i g h t n e s s / C o n t r a s t ” from the “Adjustments” >> “Image” menu. A new window will appear allowing you to slide the brightness and contrast any way you wish. The Brightness/Contrast command lets you make adjustments to the overall
65 Oasis Radiant Computer Science, Book 6 tonal range of an image. Adjustments made here will affect every pixel in your image, unless a selection is made beforehand. Filters Photoshop has a wide variety of filters you can apply to your images. They include obvious ones such as blurring and sharpening, but also very advanced ones such as ripples, distortions, and rendering clouds. You can browse through the available filters by selecting the Filters menu. Play around with the available filters, and remember that you can undo your actions at any time with the History window. Saving Images – PSD Format If you are working with a very complex image (lots of layers, filters, etc.), you may want to think about saving it. Saving as a PSD file (Photoshop’s native format) allows you to open it up again with all the layers and such intact. If you save it as another type of image, Photoshop will “flatten” the image. To save your image as a PSD, just select “Save” from the “File” menu, and select a place on your hard drive or disk to save it. Saving as a GIF (Graphics Interchange Format) File Underneath “Settings,” select “GIF” from the drop-down menu. One of the most important features in this menu is the “Colors” setting. The more colours your image has, the more colours you should allow your GIF to have. However, since you want to create optimised images for the web, it is best to use as little
Oasis Radiant Computer Science, Book 6 66 possible colour as possible, while still saving a clear image. If your image has very few colours, you should change the colour setting to reflect the small number of colours. The smaller the number of colours, the smaller the file size the GIF will have. If you want, your image can have a solid outline colour. You can choose this by going to the “Matte” selection, and picking a colour. Other options in this menu need not be changed. These are standard defaults for saving GIFs. When you are ready, click “Save” and save the image by giving it a file name. Saving as a JPEG (Joint Photographic Expert Group) File Underneath “Settings,” select “JPEG” from the drop-down menu. Go to the drop-down menu with “JPEG High” displayed. There you can determine the quality of the image for the web. Naturally, higher quality images will have a larger file size. It is not necessary that images be extremely high quality. Usually, “Medium” is a good setting to choose. To refine the quality of the image, use the “Quality” setting. Here, you can save the JPEG as a percentage of the original image’s quality. For example, 50% would be half the quality of the original image. When you are ready, click “Save” and save the image by giving it a file name. Key points • Photoshop is the design packaged software used to handle the photo and other design. • We can use the Photoshop to handle photo for studio work and for the design. • The area where to draw the picture or handle photo is called canvas. • There are different formats of Photoshop file. • We can maximise and minimise the view of the working window of Photoshop.
67 Oasis Radiant Computer Science, Book 6 Exercise • History tool of Photoshop helps to get originality of the pictures or design. • Picture quality depends on the number of pixels. The higher the pixel, the better the quality. • We can resize the picture according to our requirement using image size option. • GIF format files are popular for web design. • JPEG format is popular for Photo graphic use. • PSD format is popular for design and publication. 1. Answer these questions. a. Write down the uses of Photoshop. b. How do we start Photoshop? Write with steps. c. List menu details of File and edit menu. d. What is canvas? e. How to create new canvas? f. List out the tools used on Photoshop. g. Write the steps to resize the image. h. How do we work with the magic wand? i. How do we add text on picture? Write with steps. j. What is blurring? Write the steps to make a picture blur. 2. Write short notes on: a. Rotating image b. Zoom tool c. Eyedropper tool d. History tool e. Working with file format 3. Differentiate between: a. PSD format and Web format of file. b. GIF and JPEG format of file.
Oasis Radiant Computer Science, Book 6 68 c. History tool and Eyedropper tool. d. Zoom in and Zoom Out 4. Give full form of: a. JPEG b. GIF c. RGB d. CMYK 5. Fill in the blanks: a. Photoshop is developed by …………….company. b. The working area of file is called ……………………. c. Higher the ………………..of image better the quality. d. To maximise the view is Zoom …………….. e. To hide or display some part of image is called ……….tool. 6. State true or false: a. Photoshop is used to prepare documents. b. Image quality is depending on the number of pixel. c. Blur tool is used to increase the brightness of image. d. It is possible to write the text on image. e. We can rotate the canvas of Photoshop file. 7. Lab and Project work: a. Open your photo and make it bright and balance the colour used on your photo. b. Crop the image according to your required size. c. Use gradient tool to fill multiple colours. d. Design advertisement format for admission open of your school. e. Rotate the canvas of your design. f. Draw different shapes using drawing shape tool. g. Use history tool to get the originality of your image. h. Use filter tool to alter the shape of your image. i. Save your design to make PSD file. j. Save same design by making GIF and JPEG files.
69 Oasis Radiant Computer Science, Book 6 Microsoft Word 8 Chapter 8 Features and uses of MS Word 8 File handling in MS Word 8 Document formatting in MS Word 8 Steps of page setup and printing
Oasis Radiant Computer Science, Book 6 70 Word processor is a software package for writing, editing and updating the documents. Microsoft Word is mainly used for formatting and presenting documents. It is developed by Microsoft Company. In this chapter, you will learn about Microsoft Word 2010. Features of Word Processing • It is used for creating, saving and closing documents. • It is used for printing documents. • It is used for formatting pages, paragraphs and sections. • It is used for finding and replacing text. Applications of Word Processing • It is used in office to prepare the documents. • It is used in book publication industries. • It is used in newspaper publications. • It is used for personal documentation. How to Start • Click on Start. • Then choose Programme. • Select Microsoft Word 2010. You will get the system of MS Word. Microsoft Word 8 Chapter
71 Oasis Radiant Computer Science, Book 6 Components of Microsoft Word 2010 As given on the above figure MS Word screen has the following components. File Tab: The File tab helps to handle the file in MS Word. You can click it to check Backstage view, which helps to handle the file using open or save files, create new documents, print a document, and do other file-related operations. Ribbon:
Oasis Radiant Computer Science, Book 6 72 Ribbon contains commands organised in three components: • Tabs: They appear across the top of the Ribbon and contain groups of related commands. Home, Insert, Page Layout are examples of ribbon tabs. • Groups: They organise related commands; each group name appears below the group on the Ribbon. For example, group of commands related to fonts or group of commands related to alignment, etc. • Commands: Commands appear within each group as mentioned above. Title bar: This lies in the middle and at the top of the window. Title bar shows the programme and document titles. Rulers: Word has two rulers - a horizontal ruler and a vertical ruler. The horizontal ruler appears just beneath the Ribbon and is used to set margins and tab stops. The vertical ruler appears on the left edge of the Word window and is used to gauge the vertical position of elements on the page. Help: The Help Icon can be used to get word related help anytime you like. This provides nice tutorial on various subjects related to Word. Zoom Control: Zoom control lets you zoom in for a closer look at your text. The zoom control consists of a slider that you can slide left or right to zoom in or out, . and + buttons you can click to increase or decrease the zoom factor. View Buttons: The group of five buttons located to the left of the Zoom control, near the bottom of the screen, lets you switch among Word’s various document views. • Print Layout view: This displays pages exactly as they will appear when printed.
73 Oasis Radiant Computer Science, Book 6 • Full Screen Reading view: This gives a full screen look of the document. • Web Layout view: This shows how a document appears when viewed by a Web browser, such as Internet Explorer. • Outline view: This lets you work with outlines established using standard heading styles. • Draft view: This formats text as it appears on the printed page with a few exceptions. For example, headers and footers aren’t shown. Most people prefer this mode. Document Area: The area where you type. The flashing vertical bar is called the insertion point and it represents the location where text will appear when you type. Status Bar: This displays document information as well as the insertion point location. From left to right, this bar contains the total number of pages and words in the document, language, etc. Dialogue Box Launcher: This appears as a very small arrow in the lower-right corner of many groups on the Ribbon. Clicking this button opens a dialogue, or dialog, box or task pane that provides more options about the group. Backstage View The Backstage view has been introduced in Word 2010 and acts as the central place for managing your documents. The backstage view helps in creating new documents, saving and opening documents, printing and sharing documents, and so on. • Click the File tab, located in the upper-left corner of the Word Ribbon. • You will see the following options. If you already do not have any opened document, then you will see a window listing down all the recently opened documents as follows.
Oasis Radiant Computer Science, Book 6 74 Exit Backstage View: Click on File tab or press Esc button on the keyboard to go back in Word working mode. Entering Text Document area is the area where you type your text. The flashing vertical bar is called the insertion point and it represents the location where text will appear when you type. So just keep your mouse cursor at the text insertion point and start typing whatever text you would like to type.
75 Oasis Radiant Computer Science, Book 6 There are following two important points which would help you while typing: • You do not need to press Enter to start a new line, as the insertion point reaches the end of the line Word automatically starts a new one. You would need to press enter if you want to have a new paragraph. • When you want to add more than one space between words, use the Tab key instead of the spacebar. Saving New Document: Prepare the document as per your requirement. Now you have to save it for the future purposes. Select the required Drive or Folder and save the document using Save and Save As option. Steps (i) Click the File tab and select Save or Save As option. (ii) Select a folder where you would like to save the document, Enter file name which you want to give to your document and Select a Save as type, by default it is .docx format. (iii)Finally, click on Save button and your document will be saved with the entered name in the selected folder.
Oasis Radiant Computer Science, Book 6 76 At the first time you can select the Save option and when you are saving the document with another name after save use Save As option. Save the document using Ctrl + S (Hold Down the Ctrl key and press S Key) Shortcut Key. Starting New Document After saving the document, you have to start the new document. So follow the given steps and start the new document. Steps (i) Click the File tab and select New option. (ii) When you select New option from the first column, it will display a list of templates in second column. Just double click on Blank document, which is very first option in the template list.
77 Oasis Radiant Computer Science, Book 6 You can use a short cut to open a blank document anytime. Start the New document using Ctrl + N (Hold Down the Ctrl key and press N Key) Shortcut Key. Opening Existing Document: You are allowed to open the saved document from your working folder and Drive. Follow the following steps. Steps (1) Click the File tab and select Open option. (2) This will display following file Open dialog box, which lets you navigate through different file folders and also lets you select a files which you want to open. (3) Finally locate and select a file which you want to open. Open the document using Ctrl + O (Hold Down the Ctrl key and press O Key) Shortcut Key.
Oasis Radiant Computer Science, Book 6 78 Close a Document When you finish working with a document, you have to close it. Closing the document is to make the working document inactive and start a new document. Steps (1) Click the File tab and select Close option. (2) When you select Close option and if document is not saved before closing, it will display a Warning box asking whether the document should be saved or not. (3) Now it's up to you if you want to save the changes, then click Save, otherwise click Don’t Save button. To go back to the document, click Cancel button.
79 Oasis Radiant Computer Science, Book 6 Insert Text We often need to go back and insert an additional text in an existing line. Insert and Move the Text Steps (1) Click on the location where you want to insert text or you can use keyboard arrows to locate the place where you would like to insert the text. Lab Work- 1 Write a letter to your best friend and format the document as given below: Date: 2073/05/25 Dear Sandesh, In today’s fast world it’s difficult to find a true friend like you. I still remember the first day of preprimary school. You called me and gave me a seat beside you. It’s now almost five years and our relationship has grown in past years. I like every moment of life we spent together. Though you are away from me, I still feel that you are close to me. How are your studies going? I know you will easily pass the grade six also with flying colours. When are your next holidays? I am eagerly waiting to meet you and spend some good time together. I would like to thank you for being my friend and being there for me. With best wishes, Truly yours, Suyash Shankar Adhikary Ishaneshwor Higher Secondary School Lamjung
Oasis Radiant Computer Science, Book 6 80 (2) Start typing your text you want to insert. Word inserts the text to the left of the insertion point, moving existing text to the right. Insert and Replace Text In this insertion mode, text will be added into the existing content but at the same time it will overwrite all the content which comes in its way. Steps (1) Right-click the status bar and select Overtype option from the displayed menu.
81 Oasis Radiant Computer Science, Book 6 When you select over type option, status bar will show insert mode as shown below: (2) Click on the Insert text available at the status bar and it will switch to Overtype mode . (3) Now click the location where you want to insert text or you can use keyboard arrows to locate the place where you would like to insert the text. (4) Start typing your text. Word would replace the existing text with the newly typed text without moving position of the exiting test. Selecting the Text Selecting a text is one of the most important skills required while editing a word document. You can perform various operations on a selected text like you can delete it, copy it, move it, apply formatting to it, change its capitalization, etc.
Oasis Radiant Computer Science, Book 6 82 The most common method of selecting a text is to click and drag the mouse over the text you want to select. Following table lists down some simple methods which will help you in selecting text. SN Component & Selection Method 1 Selecting text between two points Click at the start of the block of text, hold down Shift, and click at the end of the block. 2 Selecting a single word Simply double click anywhere on the word you want to select. 3 Selecting a paragraph Simply triple click anywhere on the paragraph you want to select. 4 Selecting a sentence Hold down Ctrl key and click anywhere in the sentence you want to select. 5 Selecting a column of text Hold down Alt, click and hold the mouse button, and drag over the column you want to select. Selection Using the Selection Bar: The black shaded area in the given screen is called selection bar. When you bring your cursor in this area, it turns into a rightwardpointing arrow.
83 Oasis Radiant Computer Science, Book 6 You can use selection bar to select various components of a document as described in the following table: SN Component & Selection Method 1 Selecting a line Bring your mouse in selection bar area and click in front of the line you want to select. 2 Selecting a paragraph Bring your mouse in selection bar area and double click in front of the paragraph you want to select. 3 Selecting the document Bring your mouse in selection bar area and triple click. Selection using the keyboard Keyboard provides very good support when you want to select various components of the document as described in the following table: SN Key & Selection Method Selecting Text 1 Ctrl + A Press Ctrl + A keys to select the entire document. 2 Shift Keep pressing Shift key and use any of the arrow keys to select the text. Delete Text It is very common to delete text and retype the content in your word document. Erasing unwanted text is deleting the text. Using Backspace & Delete Keys: The most basic deletion technique is to delete characters one at a time by pressing either backspace or delete keys. Following table describes how you can delete single character or whole word by using either of these two keys:
Oasis Radiant Computer Science, Book 6 84 SN Keys & Deletion Methods 1 Backspace Keep the insertion point just after the character you want to delete and press backspace key. Word deletes the character immediately to the left of the insertion point. 2 Ctrl + Backspace Keep the insertion point just after the word you want to delete and press Ctrl + Backspace key. Word deletes the whole word immediately to the left of the insertion point. 3 Delete Keep the insertion point just before the character you want to delete and press delete key. Word deletes the character immediately to the right of the insertion point. 4 Ctrl + Delete Keep the insertion point just before the word you want to delete and press Ctrl + Delete key. Word deletes the word immediately to the right of the insertion point. Delete Using Selection Method You have learnt how to select various parts of a Word document. Select some texts and delete them. SN Component Selection & Delete Methods 1 Deleting text between two points Click at the start of the block of text, hold down Shift, and click at the end of the block to select the text and finally press either backspace or delete key. 2 Deleting a single word Simply double click anywhere on the word you want to delete and finally press either backspace or delete key. 3 Deleting a paragraph Simply triple click anywhere on the paragraph you want to delete and finally press either backspace or delete key.
85 Oasis Radiant Computer Science, Book 6 4 Deleting a sentence Hold down Ctrl key and click anywhere in the sentence you want to delete and finally press either backspace or delete key. 5 Deleting a column of text Hold down Alt, click and hold the mouse button, and drag over the column you want to delete and finally press either backspace or delete key. 6 Deleting a line Bring your mouse in selection bar area and click in front of the line you want to delete and finally press either backspace or delete key. 7 Deleting entire document content Press Ctrl + A keys to delete the entire document and finally press either backspace or delete key. Move Text Sometime it is required to move a text from one location to another location in the same document. Steps (1) Select a portion of the text using any of the text selection methods. (2) Now take your mouse pointer over the selected text and hold mouse left button and keep holding it while moving around the document.
Oasis Radiant Computer Science, Book 6 86 (3) Take your mouse pointer at the place where you want to move selected text and release the mouse button. You will see that selected text is moved to the desired location. Copy & Paste Operation: Copy operation will just copy the content from its original place and create a duplicate copy of the content at the desired location without deleting the text from its original location. Steps (1) Select a portion of the text using any of the text selection methods. (2) At second step, you have various options available to copy the selected text in clipboard. Just use any one of them which you like most: • Using Mouse Right Click: If you right click on the selected text, it will display copy option, just click this option to copy the selected content in clipboard.
87 Oasis Radiant Computer Science, Book 6 • Using Ribbon Copy Button: After selecting a text, you can use copy button available at the ribbon to copy the selected content in clipboard. • Using Ctrl + C Keys: After selecting a text, just press Ctrl + c keys to copy the selected content in clipboard. Steps (3) Finally click at the place where you want to copy selected text and use either of these two simple options: • Using Ribbon Paste Button: Just click paste button available at the ribbon to paste the copied content at the desired location. • Using Ctrl + V Keys: This is simplest way of pasting the content. Just press Ctrl + V keys to paste the content at the new location. Note: You can repeat paste operation as many times as you like to paste the same content. Cut & Paste Operation: Cut operation will cut the content from its original place and move the content from its original location to a new desired location.
Oasis Radiant Computer Science, Book 6 88 Steps (1) Select a portion of the text using any of the text selection methods. (2) At second step, you have various options available to cut the selected text and put it in clipboard. Just use any one of them which you like most: • Using Mouse Right Click: If you right click on the selected text, it will display cut option, just click this option to cut the selected content and keep it in clipboard. • Using Ribbon Cut Button: After selecting a text, you can use cut button available at the ribbon to cut the selected content and keep it in clipboard. • Using Ctrl + X Keys: After selecting a text, just press Ctrl + X keys to cut the selected content and keep it in clipboard. (3) Finally click at the place where you want to move the selected text and use either of these two simple options: • Using Ribbon Paste Button: Just click paste button available at the ribbon to paste the content at the new location.
89 Oasis Radiant Computer Science, Book 6 • Using Ctrl + V Keys: This is the simplest way of pasting the content. Just press Ctrl + V keys to paste the content at the new location. Copy, Cut & Paste in different documents You can use the same procedure that we discussed above to copy and paste or cut and paste content from one document to another document. Open two or more documents where to copy and move the text and follow the above steps to copy and move the text. You can use Alt + Tab keys to switch through different documents and select the desired destination document. Find & Replace While working on editing a document you come across a situation very frequently when you want to search a particular word in your document and many times you will be willing to replace this word with another word. Find Command: The Find command enables you to locate specific text in your document. Steps (1): Type some text or open the document. (2) Click the Find option in the Editing group on the Home tab or press Ctrl + F to launch the Navigation pane.
Oasis Radiant Computer Science, Book 6 90 (3) Enter a word which you want to search in the search box. As soon as you finish typing, Word searches for the text you entered and displays the results in the navigation pane and also highlights the word in the document as well as follows: (4) You can click clear button (X) to clear the search and results and perform another search. (5) You can use further options while searching for a word. Click option button to display options menu and then click Options option which will display a list of options. You can select options like match case to perform case sensitive search. (6) Finally, you can click close button (X) to close the Navigation Pane. Find & Replace Operation You can search the text and replace the text as your requirement by following the steps below: Steps (1) Click the Replace option in the Editing group on the Home tab or press
91 Oasis Radiant Computer Science, Book 6 Ctrl + H to launch the Find and Replace dialog box . (2) Type a word which you want to search and a word which you would like to replace with in the Find and Replace dialog box as follows: (3) Click Replace button available on Find and Replace dialog box and you will see first occurrence of the searched word would be replaced with the replace word. Clicking again on Replace button would replace next occurrence of the searched word. If you click Replace All button then it would replace all the found words in one go. You can also use Find Next button just to search the next occurrence and
Oasis Radiant Computer Science, Book 6 92 later you can use Replace button to replace the found word. (4) You can use More >> button available on the dialog box to use more options and to make your search more specific like case sensitive search or searching for whole word only, etc. (5) Finally, if you are done with finding and replacing operation, you can click Close (X) or Cancel button of the dialog box to close the box Lab Work- 2 Prepare the document and apply text alignment, insert picture, copy and move text, find and replace the text by selecting the text with different methods. Dashain Festival During the month of Kartik (late September and early October), the Nepalese people celebrate biggest festival of the year, Dashain. Dashain is the longest and the most auspicious festival in the Nepalese annual calendar, celebrated by Nepalese of all caste and creed throughout the country. Throughout Nepal the goddess Durga in all her manifestations are worshipped with pujas, rich offerings and thousands of animal sacrifices. Dashain is the longest and the most auspicious festival in the Nepalese annual calendar, celebrated by Nepalese of all caste and creed throughout the country. During the month of Kartik (late September and early October), the Nepalese people celebrate biggest festival of the year, Dashain.
93 Oasis Radiant Computer Science, Book 6 Spelling and Grammar Checking Microsoft Word provides a Spelling and Grammar Checker which enables you to search for and correct all spelling and grammar mistakes in your document. • A red underline beneath spelling errors. • A green underline beneath grammar errors. • A blue line under correctly spelled but misused words. Check Spelling and Grammar using Review tab Here is the simple procedure to find out wrong spelling mistakes and fixing them: Steps (1) Click the Review tab and then click Spelling & Grammar button. (2) A Spelling and Grammar dialog box will appear and will display wrong spellings or grammar and correct suggestions as shown alongside: Now you have following options to fix the spelling mistake: • Ignore: If you are willing to ignore a word then click and word ignores the word throughout the document. • Ignore All: Like Ignore, but ignores all occurrences of the same misspelling, not just this one.
Oasis Radiant Computer Science, Book 6 94 • Add to Dictionary: Choose Add to Dictionary to add the word to the dictionary. • Change: This will change the wrong word using the suggested correct word. • Change All: Like Change, but change all occurrences of the same misspelling, not just this one. Check Spelling and Grammar using Right Click If you click a right mouse button over a misspelled word then it would show you correct suggestions and above mentioned options to fix the spelling or grammar mistake. Zoom In and Zoom Out in Word 2010 Microsoft Word provides a functionality to apply zoomin and zoom-out operations on a document. When we apply zoom-in operation, it enlarges the size of text whereas applying zoom-out operation reduces the size of text. Steps (1) Click the view tab and then click Zoom button which is shown alongside. (2) When you click Zoom button, a Zoom dialog box will appear as shown and will display zoom options box to select a value to reduce or increase the size
95 Oasis Radiant Computer Science, Book 6 of the document on-screen. By default it will be 100%, you can select 200% to increase the size of the font or 75% to reduce the size of the font. You can send view at custom percent as well by entering a value in the given box. You can click the Many pages down arrow and select to display multiple pages. Steps (3) Once you are done with selecting an option, click OK to apply the changes on the document. (4) Try different options available, for example Page Width and Text Width. Zoom-in & Zoom-out using (+) and (-) Buttons: Following screen capture shows two buttons Zoomout which is (-) button and Zoom-in which is (+) button. Steps (1) Click Zoom-out button, you will find that your document size will decrease by 10% each time you click the button. similar way, if you click on Zoom-in
Oasis Radiant Computer Science, Book 6 96 button your document size will increase by 10% each time you click the button. (2) Try this simple operation with different values to see the difference. Above screen capture shows 140% zoom-in view of the document. Undo and Redo the Changes Microsoft Word provides two important features called Undo, which is used to undo the previous action and second one is Repeat or Redo, which is used to repeat the previous action. For example, if you mistakenly delete text, you can use the Undo feature to recover it. In a similar way, you delete a character and if you want to delete more characters, then you can use Repeat operation. Steps (1) Let us type some text in a blank document as typed alongside. Now click Repeat (Redo) button and you will see that word would repeat the same operation for you. (2) Now to examine undo operation, let us delete last word operation character by character. (3) Let us try to click Undo button one by one. You will see that work would recover all the deleted characters one by one after performing few undo operations. Shortcuts to use Undo & Repeat operations: You can use the following Short Cut keys for Undo and Redo Shortcuts Operation Ctrl + Z Undoes the previous action. Ctrl + Y Repeats the previous action.
97 Oasis Radiant Computer Science, Book 6 Setting Text Fonts and Size Microsoft Word allows you to use different fonts with different size. You can change your document’s appearance by changing the fonts and their size. Steps (1) Select the text that you want to change to a different font and click Home tab. Now click Font Type button to list down all the fonts available as shown in figure. (2) Try to move mouse pointer over different fonts listed. You will see that text font changes when you move the mouse pointer over different fonts. You can use Font Scroll Bar to display more fonts available. Finally select a desired font by clicking over the font name in the list. (3) In a similar way, to change the font size, click over the Font Size button which will display a font size list. You will use same procedure to select a desired font size that you used while selecting a font type. Text Decoration Changing the text into italic shape, underlining the text or making it bold to look fancier is called text decoration. You can make the text more decorative with such changes.
Oasis Radiant Computer Science, Book 6 98 Making text Bold: A bold text appears with heavy weight and dark ink and we use bold text to give more emphasis to the sentence. Steps (1) Select the text that you want to change to a bold font. (2) Click Font Bold [ B ] button in the Home tab Font group, or simply use Ctrl + B keys to make selected text bold. Making text Italic: An italic text appears with a small inclination and we use italicized text to differentiate it from other text. Steps (1) Select the text that you want to change to Italic. (2) Click Font Italic [ I ] button in the Home tab Font group, or simply use Ctrl + I keys to convert text in italic. Underline the Text: An underlined text appears with an underline and we use underline to make it more distinguished from other text.
99 Oasis Radiant Computer Science, Book 6 Steps (1) Select the text that you want to change to a Underline. (2) Click Font Underline [ U ] button in the Home tab Font group, or simply use Ctrl + U keys to put an underline under the text. Strikethrough the Text: Strikethrough text will look like a line has been drawn through its middle. A strikethrough text indicates that it has been deleted and not any more required. Steps (1) Select the text that you want to change to make strikeout. (2) Click Font Strikethrough [ abc ] button in the Home tab Font group to put a line in the middle of the text which is called strikethrough text. Change Text Cases You can also capitalize a character you are typing by pressing and holding SHIFT while you type. You can also press CAPS LOCK to have every letter that you type be capitalized, and then press CAPS LOCK again to turn off capitalization. But after typing you have to use change case option to change into capital and small letters.
Oasis Radiant Computer Science, Book 6 100 Sentence Case: A sentence case is the case where the first character of every sentence is capitalized. Steps (1) Select the text that you want to change to a bold font. You can use any of the text selection method to select the text. (2) Click the Change Case button and then select Sentence Case option to capitalize the first character of every selected sentence. Lowercase: A lowercase: is the case where every word of a sentence is in lowercase (Small Letter). Steps (1) Select the text that you want to change into lower case. (2) Click the Change Case button and then select Lowercase option to display all selected words in small letters.