101 Oasis Radiant Computer Science, Book 6 Uppercase An uppercase is the case where every word of a sentence is in uppercase (Capital Letter). Steps (1) Select the text that you want to change into Capital Letters. (2) Click the Change Case button and then select UPPERCASE option to display all selected words in all caps. All characters of every selected word will be capitalized. Capitalise Each Word A capitalised case is the case where every first character of every selected word is in capital. Steps (1) Select the text that you want to change into capitalize each word. (2) Click the Change Case button and then select Capitalise Each Word option to put a leading cap on each selected word.
Oasis Radiant Computer Science, Book 6 102 Toggle the Text Toggle operation will change the case of every character in reverse way. A capital character will become lower case and lower case character will become upper case. Steps (1) Select the text that you want to change into toggle case. (2) Click the Change Case button and then select tOGGLE cASE option to change all lowercase words into uppercase and uppercase words into lowercase. Change Font Colors: When you are typing the text, it comes in black colour, but you can change your font colour to any of the colour which you can imagine. Steps (1) Select the text that you want to change colour. (2) Click the Font Color button triangle to display a list of colours. Try to move your mouse pointer over different colours and you will see text colour will change
103 Oasis Radiant Computer Science, Book 6 automatically. You can select any of the colours available by simply clicking over it. If you do not find a colour of your choice, you can use More Colors option to display colour pallet box which allows you to select a colour from range of millions of colours. Text Alignments Moving the text at different places of the screen is called text alignment. There are four types of paragraph alignment available in Microsoft Word, left-aligned, centered, right-aligned, and justified. Left Alignment A paragraph’s text will be said left aligned if it is aligned with left margin. Steps (1) Click anywhere on the paragraph you want to align and click Align Text Left button available on Home tab or simply press Ctrl + L keys.] Centre Alignment A paragraph’s text will be said centre aligned if it is in the centre of the left and right margins. Step (1) Click anywhere on the paragraph you want to align and click Centre button available on Home tab or simply press Ctrl + E keys.
Oasis Radiant Computer Science, Book 6 104 Right Alignment A paragraph’s text will be said right aligned if it is aligned with right margin. Step (1): Click anywhere on the paragraph you want to align and click Align Text Right button available on Home tab or simply press Ctrl + R keys. Justified Alignment A paragraph’s text will be said justify aligned if it is aligned with both left and right margins. Step (1): Click anywhere on the paragraph you want to align and click Justify button available on Home tab or simply press Ctrl + J keys. Create Bullets Microsoft Word provides bullets and numbers to put a list of items in a nice order. These are called bullets. Create a List from Existing Text This is very simple to convert a list of lines into a bulleted or numbered list. Steps (1) Select a list of text to which you want to assign bullets or numbers. You can use any of the text selection method to select the text. (2) Click the Bullet Button triangle to display a list of bullets you want to assign to the list. You can select any of the bullet style available by simply clicking over it.
105 Oasis Radiant Computer Science, Book 6 (3) If you are willing to create a list with numbers then click the Numbering Button triangle instead of bullet button to display a list of numbers you want to assign to the list. You can select any of the numbering style available by simply clicking over it. Create a List as You Type: You can create a bulleted list as you type. Word will automatically format it according to your text. Following are the simple steps to create bulleted list as you type. Steps (1) Type *, and then either press the SPACEBAR or press TAB key, and then type the rest of what you want in the first item of the bulleted list.
Oasis Radiant Computer Science, Book 6 106 (2) When you are done with typing, press Enter to add the item in the list automatically and go to add next item in the list. (3) Repeat Step 2 for each list item. You can create a numbered list as you type. Word will automatically format it according to your text. Following are the simple steps to create numbered list as you type. Steps (1) Type 1, and then either press the SPACEBAR or press TAB key, and then type the rest of what you want in the first item of the numbered list. (2) When you are done with typing, press Enter to add the item in the list automatically and go to add next item in the list. (3) Repeat Step 2 for each list item. You can create sub-lists which are called multi-lists. This is simple to create sub-lists, just press Tab key to put items in sub-list. You can try it yourself.
107 Oasis Radiant Computer Science, Book 6 Lab Work- 3 Prepare the document. (Give bullets and numbering, use Undo and Redo, Line spacing, format text and insert picture) Heritage of Nepal Nepal is a country having various culture and natural heritage. Temples, monasteries, rest houses, inns, etc are religious heritage. Language, arts, dress, the way of living, etc are cultural heritage. Himalayan mountains, mines, rivers, waterfalls, lakes, forests, national parks, wildlife reserves, etc are natural heritage. All these religious, cultural and natural heritage are national properties. UNESCO has included Chitwan National Park in the list of World Heritage in 1984 and Sagarmatha National Park in 1979 AD. The following are national heritage enlisted in World Heritage Site by UNESCO. • Lumbini • Pashupati Area • Sagarmatha National Park • Chitwan National Park • Hanumandhoka Durbar Square • Patan Durbar Square • Bhaktapur Durbar Square • Changunarayan Temple • Bauddhanath Stupa • Swayambhunath Stupa
Oasis Radiant Computer Science, Book 6 108 Page Margins and Printing Margins are the space between the edge of the paper and the text. You can adjust the right, left, top, and bottom margins of your document. By default, Word sets all margins left, right, top, and bottom to 1 inch. Adjust Margins: Following are the simple steps which will be used to set margins for an opened document. Steps (1) Open the document whose margins you want to set. (2) Click the Page Layout tab, and click Margins button in the Page Setup group. This will display a list of options to be selected but you have to click Custom Margins option available at the bottom. (3) You will have to display a Page Dialog Box as shown alongside where you can set top, left, right and bottom margins under the Margins tab. Select Apply to: option to apply the margin to selected text or complete document.
109 Oasis Radiant Computer Science, Book 6 (4) If you are going to bind the document and want to add an extra space on one edge for the binding, choose the Gutter text box, and type the gutter space. After setting all the desired values for all the margins, click OK button to apply the margins. Inserting picture You can beautify your Microsoft Word documents by inserting a variety of pictures. Following are the simple steps to add an existing picture to your word document. It is assumed that you already have a picture available on your PC before you add this picture in your word document. Steps (1) Click in your document where you want to add a picture. (2) Click the Insert tab and then click Picture option available in illustration group, which will display Insert Picture dialog box. (3) You can select a required picture using Insert Picture dialog box and place it on required place of the document. You can resize the picture as your requirement. Key Points • Word processor is a software package that can be used for writing, editing and updating the documents. • Standard Toolbar contains shortcut buttons for the commands. • Task Pane provides an easy access to commonly used menus, buttons and tools.
Oasis Radiant Computer Science, Book 6 110 • Status Bar displays position of the insertion point and working mode buttons. • You can use the backspace and delete keys to erase text in your document. • The Undo command is used to undo or delete the last change made to your document. • The Repeat feature allows you to repeat the last action. • The Formatting Toolbar contains buttons that allows you to change the appearance of your text. • The Font Dialog Box gives similar options as the Formatting toolbar. It also offers more advanced text formatting options. 1. Answer the following questions. a. What is a word processor? b. Why is a word processor used? c. List some features of a word processor. d. What are the applications of word processing? e. Name any ten elements of MS Word windows. f. Write down the functions of: i. Menu bar ii. Formatting tool bar iii. Scroll bar iv. View buttons v. Task pane g. What is text alignment? Write down the types of text alignment. h. What is the use of undo and redo action? i. What is the use of formatting tool bar? j. What is the difference between copy paste and cut paste? 2. Fill in the blanks: a. Word Processor is an ………..programme. b. We can use word processor to create, save and …….the documents. Exercise
111 Oasis Radiant Computer Science, Book 6 c. Web Publishing and Mail Merge is the feature of …………. d. The title bar is located at the ……..of the document windows. e. We can save file by using …….menu. 3. State whether the following statements are True or False. a. Word processor is system software. b. We can change the font colour and style in MS Word. c. Menu bar is located above the title bar. d. To start a new file we can click on Edit menu. e. CTRL + Z shortcut is used to save the file in MS Word. f. Bold, Italic, Underline options are available on Title bar. g. Copy Paste and Cut Paste is same in word processing. h. We can print the document by clicking on file menu. 4. Write down the function of the following short-cut keys: a. CRTL+ B b. CRTL+ I c. CRTL+ J d. CRTL+ L e. CRTL+ S f. CRTL+ O g. CRTL+ P h. CRTL+ C i. CRTL+ V j. CRTL+ X 5. Write down the steps to perform the following tasks. a. To save a new file. b. To open an old documents c. To start a new file d. To use Undo and Redo e. To make the text bold and italic f. To change the font size from menu g. To copy and paste the text h. To print the documents 6. Class activity and Project work. a. Prepare your Bio Data by using MS Word. Print it and show it to your teacher. b. Write a letter to your friend about your school. Print it in photocopy paper and submit it to your teacher.
Oasis Radiant Computer Science, Book 6 112 Microsoft Excel 9 Chapter 8 Features and application of spreadsheet 8 Worksheet management process 8 Using formula in Excel 8 Steps to prepare graph in Excel
113 Oasis Radiant Computer Science, Book 6 Introduction The term spreadsheet refers to a large sheet of paper with multiple rows and columns for record keeping and calculation. Spreadsheets are large electronic sheets where documents are created, and modified. The examples of spreadsheet packages are MS Excel, Quarto Pro, Locus 1, 2, 3, etc. MS Excel is a full featured spreadsheet programme. It is used for various accounting applications. It is operated in simple operating system. It was developed by Microsoft Company. It is used for official task for simple mathematical and logical calculations. Features of MS Excel • It is used for creating worksheets and workbooks. • It allows us opening and saving workbooks. • It is used for preparing charts, presenting numerical information in graphical form. • It provides formulas for simple mathematical and logical operation. Application of MS Excel • It is used for basic spreadsheet calculations. • It is used to prepare the budget. • It is used for data analysis. • It is used to prepare income statement, tax statement, loan statement, etc. • It is used for scientific and engineering data processing. • It is used to prepare graphical presentation. Microsoft Excel 9 Chapter
Oasis Radiant Computer Science, Book 6 114 How to Start • Click on Start menu. • Select Programme and choose Microsoft Office. • Select Microsoft Office Excel. Getting Started with Excel 2010 We can start the MS Excel by using the following steps: Steps (1) Click Start button. (2) Click All Programmes, or Programs, option from the menu.
115 Oasis Radiant Computer Science, Book 6 (3) Search for Microsoft Office. (4) Click on Microsoft Excel 2010. This will launch Microsoft Excel 2010 application and you will see the following excel window.
Oasis Radiant Computer Science, Book 6 116 Components of Excel 2010: File Tab: The File tab replaces the Office button from Excel 2007. You can click it to check Backstage view, which is the place to come when you need to open or save files, create new sheets, print a sheet, and do other file-related operations. Ribbon: Ribbon contains commands organised in three components: • Tabs : They appear across the top of the Ribbon and contain groups of related commands. Home, Insert, Page Layout are examples of ribbon tabs.
117 Oasis Radiant Computer Science, Book 6 • Groups : They organise related commands; each group name appears below the group on the Ribbon. For example group of commands related to fonts or group of commands related to alignment, etc. • Commands : Commands appear within each group as mentioned above. Title bar: This lies in the middle and at the top of the window. Title bar shows the programme and sheet titles. Help: The Help Icon can be used to get excel related help anytime you like. This provides a nice tutorial on various subjects related to excel. Zoom Control: Zoom control lets you zoom in for a closer look at your text. The zoom control consists of a slider that you can slide left or right to zoom in or out, . and + buttons you can click to increase or decrease the zoom factor. View Buttons: The group of three buttons located to the left of the Zoom control, near the bottom of the screen, lets you switch among excel’s various sheet views. • Normal Layout view : This displays page in normal view. • Page Layout view :This displays pages exactly as they will appear when printed. This gives a full screen look of the document. • Page Break view : This shows a preview of where pages will break when printed. Sheet Area: The area where you enter data. The flashing vertical bar is called the insertion point and it represents the location where text will appear when you type. Row Bar Rows are numbered from 1 onwards and keep on increasing as you keep entering data. Maximum limit is 1,048,576 rows. Column Bar Columns are numbered from A onwards and keep on increasing as you keep entering data. After Z, it will start series of AA,AB and so on. Maximum limit is 16,384 columns.
Oasis Radiant Computer Science, Book 6 118 Status Bar: This displays sheet of information as well as the insertion point location. From left to right, this bar can contain the total number of pages and words in the document, language, etc. You can configure the status bar by right-clicking anywhere on it and by selecting or deselecting options from the provided list. Dialog Box Launcher: This appears as very small arrow in the lower-right corner of many groups on the Ribbon. Clicking this button opens a dialogue box or task pane that provides more options about the group. Entering Values in Excel Sheet area is the area where you type your text. The flashing vertical bar is called the insertion point and it represents the location where text will appear when you type. When you click on a box then the box becomes highlighted. When you double click the box flashing vertical bar will come and you can start entering data then. So just keep your mouse cursor at the text insertion point and start typing whatever text you would like to type. There are following three important points which would help you while typing: • Press Tab to go to next column. • Press Enter to go to next row.
119 Oasis Radiant Computer Science, Book 6 Move Around in Excel Sheet Excel provides a number of ways to move around a sheet using the mouse and the keyboard. Moving with Mouse You can easily move the insertion point by clicking in your text anywhere on the screen. Sometime if sheet is big, then you cannot see a place where you want to move. In such situation, you would have to use the scroll bars, as shown in the screen shot alongside: You can scroll your sheet by rolling your mouse wheel, which is equivalent to clicking the up-arrow or down-arrow buttons in the scroll bar. Moving with Scroll Bars As shown in the above screen capture, there are two scroll bars: one for moving vertically within the sheet, and one for moving horizontally. Using the vertical scroll bar, you may: • Move upward by one line by clicking the upward-pointing scroll arrow. • Move downward by one line by clicking the downward-pointing scroll arrow. Moving with Keyboard The following keyboard commands, used for moving around your sheet, also move the insertion point:
Oasis Radiant Computer Science, Book 6 120 Keystroke Where the Insertion Point Moves Forward one box Back one box Up one box Down one box PageUp To the previous screen PageDown To the next screen Home To the beginning of the current screen End To the end of the current screen You can move cell by cell or sheet by sheet. Now click in any cell containing data in the sheet. You would have to hold down the Ctrl key while pressing an arrow key, which moves the insertion point as described here: Key Combination Where the Insertion Point Moves Ctrl + To the last box containing data of the current row Ctrl + To the first box containing data of the current row Ctrl + To the first box containing data of the current column Ctrl + To the last box containing data of the current column Ctrl + PageUp To the sheet in the left of the current sheet Ctrl + PageDown To the sheet in the right of the current sheet Ctrl + Home To the beginning of the sheet Ctrl + End To the end of the sheet
121 Oasis Radiant Computer Science, Book 6 Moving with Go To Command Press F5 key to use Go To command, which will display a dialogue box where you will have various options to reach to a particular box. Normally, we use row and column number, for example, K5 and finally press Go To button. Saving Work Book Work Books are the files of MS Excel. So the process to save the files in MS Office packages is similar to the saving of Work Book. After preparation of the worksheet file you have to save it for future purposes. Similar to MS Word we can save the worksheet using both save and save as options. Steps (1) : Click the File tab and select Save As option. (2) Select a folder where you would like to save the sheet. (3) Finally, click on Save button and your sheet will be saved with the entered name in the selected folder.
Oasis Radiant Computer Science, Book 6 122 Working with Worksheet In MS Excel system we have work book and work sheet. Workbooks are the files and that have so many worksheets. Worksheets are the working tabular screen that has thousands of pages. Starting New Worksheet Three new, blank sheets always open when you start Microsoft Excel. But suppose that you want start another new worksheet while you are working on another worksheet, you have to create the new worksheet. Steps (1) Right Click the Sheet Name and select Insert option. (2) Now you’ll see the Insert dialog with select Worksheet option as selected from the general tab. Click Ok button.
123 Oasis Radiant Computer Science, Book 6 Now select the required option as your requirement. You can use a short cut to create a blank sheet anytime. Insert a new worksheet using Shift+F11 keys. You will see a new blank sheet similar to above sheet is opened. Hiding Worksheet You can hide some worksheets so that you can maintain confidentiality for some worksheets. Steps (1) Right Click the Sheet Name and select Hide option. Sheet will get hidden. Unhide Worksheet You can display the hidden worksheets when required. Steps (1) Right Click on any Sheet Name and select Unhide... option. (2) Select Sheet Name to unhide in Unhide dialog to unhide the sheet. Press Ok Button.
Oasis Radiant Computer Science, Book 6 124 Delete Worksheet You can delete the unwanted worksheet from the workbook but at least one worksheet should be there on the workbook. Steps (1) Right Click the Sheet Name and select Delete option. Sheet will get deleted if it is empty otherwise you’ll see a confirmation message. (2) Press Delete Button Now your worksheet will get deleted. Closing Workbook (MS Excel Files) Workbooks are files of the MS Excel system. After completion of the work, you have to close the MS Excel file which is also called work book. Steps (1) Click the Close Button as shown below.
125 Oasis Radiant Computer Science, Book 6 You’ll see a confirmation message to save the workbook. (2) Press Save Button to save the workbook as we did in MS Excel - Save Workbook chapter. Now your worksheet will get closed. Open Workbook (MS Excel File) Steps (1) Click the File Menu as shown alongside. You can see open option in File Menu. There are two more columns Recent workbooks and Recent places where you can see recently opened workbooks and recent places from where workbooks are opened.
Oasis Radiant Computer Science, Book 6 126 (2) Clicking the Open Option will open the browse dialogue as shown below. Browse the directory and find file you need to open. (3) Once you select the workbook your workbook will be opened as below:
127 Oasis Radiant Computer Science, Book 6 Inserting Data in Worksheet For inserting data in MS Excel just activate the cell type text or number and press enter or navigation key. Lab Work- 1 Prepare the worksheet as below and save it with your name. OASIS Enterprises Sno Particular Quantity Rate Amount 1 Mouse 12 120 ? 2 Keyboard 45 135 ? 3 Hard Disk 34 5600 ? 4 Monitor 23 8790 ? 5 Printer 6 24500 ? 6 Scanner 7 3500 ? Total ? VAT ? Net Amount ?
Oasis Radiant Computer Science, Book 6 128 Inserting Formula For inserting formula in MS Excel go to formula bar ,enter the formula and then press enter. Modifying Cell Content For modifying the cell content just activate the cell, enter a new value and then press enter.
129 Oasis Radiant Computer Science, Book 6 Row and Column Basics MS Excel is in tabular format consisting of rows and columns. • Row runs horizontally while Column runs vertically. • Each row is identified by row number which runs vertically on the left of the sheet. • Each column is identified by column header which runs horizontally at the top of the sheet For MS Excel 2010 there are 1048576 rows and 16384 columns. Cell The intersection of rows and columns is called cell. Cell is identified with Combination of column header and row number. For example: A1, A2 Find and Replace Data You can search some data and replace these data with the new value according to your requirement. You can perform it using the following steps: • Choose Home • Choose Find & Select Choose Find or press Control + F Key. you will get the following dialog box.
Oasis Radiant Computer Science, Book 6 130 • You can see the Find and Replace dialogue as shown. • You can replace the found text with the new text with Replace tab. Zoom Slider By default everything on screen is displayed at 100% in MS Excel. You can change the zoom percentage from 10% (tiny) to 400% (huge). Zooming doesn’t change the font size, so it has no effect on printed output. You can view the zoom slider at the right bottom of the workbook as shown.
131 Oasis Radiant Computer Science, Book 6 Zoom Out You can zoom out the workbook by moving slider to left. It will change the only view of the workbook. You can have maximum of 10% zoom in. Formulas in MS Excel Formulas are important applications in worksheet. Without formula worksheet will be just simple tabular representation of data. A formula consists of special code which is entered into a cell. Elements of Formulas A formula can consist of any of these elements: • Mathematical operators, such as +(for addition) and *(for multiplication) Example: o =A1+A2 Adds the values in cells A1 and A2. Zoom In You can zoom in the workbook by moving slider to right. It will change the only view of the workbook. You can have maximum of 400% zoom in. See the screen-shot on the right.
Oasis Radiant Computer Science, Book 6 132 • Values or text Example: =200*0.5 Multiplies 200 times 0.5. This formula uses only values, and it always returns the same result as 100. • Cell references (including named cells and ranges) Example: =A1=C12 Compares cell A1 with cell C12. If the cells are identical, the formula returns TRUE; otherwise, it returns FALSE. • Worksheet functions (such as SUMor AVERAGE) Example: =SUM(A1:A12) Adds the values in the range A1:A12. Creating Formula For creating formula you need to type in Formula Bar. Formula begins with ‘=’ sign. When building formulas manually, you can either type in the cell addresses or you can point to them in the worksheet.
133 Oasis Radiant Computer Science, Book 6 Copying Formulas in MS Excel Copying formulas is one of the most common tasks that you do in a typical spread sheet that relies primarily on formulas. When a formula uses cell references rather than constant values, Excel makes the task of copying an original formula to every place that requires a similar formula. Let us see this with the help of example. Suppose you want sum of all the rows at last, then you will write a formula for first column i.e. B. You want Lab Work- 2 Prepare the worksheet and apply the formula where applicable. OASIS Enterprises Sno Particular Quantity Rate Amount Formula 1 Mouse 12 120 1440 =C3*D3 2 Keyboard 45 135 6075 =C4*D4 3 Hard Disk 34 5600 190400 =C5*D5 4 Monitor 23 8790 202170 =C6*D6 5 Printer 6 24500 147000 =C7*D7 6 Scanner 7 3500 24500 =C8*D8 Total 571585 =SUM(E3:E8) VAT 74306.05 =E9*13% Net Amount 645891.1 =E9+E10
Oasis Radiant Computer Science, Book 6 134 sum of the rows from 3 to 8 in the 9th row. After writing formula in the 9th row, we can drag it to remaining columns and the formula gets copied. After dragging we can see the formula in the remaining columns as below. • column C : =SUM(C3:C8) • column D : =SUM(D3:D8) • column E : =SUM(E3:E8) • column F : =SUM(F3:F8) • column G : =SUM(G3:G8) Functions in Formula Many formulas you create use available worksheet functions. These are called the functions. When you type = sign and then type any alphabet you will see the searched functions as below. Suppose you need to determine the largest value in a range. A formula can’t tell you the answer without using a function. We will use formula that
135 Oasis Radiant Computer Science, Book 6 uses the MAX function to return the largest value in the range B3:B8 as =MAX(B3:B8) Inserting Charts The graphical presentation of the data using some standard charts is called inserting the chart. We can represent the data using pie-chart, bar graph, columns graphs etc.
Oasis Radiant Computer Science, Book 6 136 Types of Charts There are various chart types available in MS Excel as shown in the figure. • Column : Column chart shows data changes over a period of time or illustrates comparisons among items. • Bar : A bar chart illustrates comparisons among individual items. • Pie: A pie chart shows the size of items that make up a data series, proportional to the sum of the items. It always shows only one data series and is useful when you want to emphasize a significant element in the data. • Line : A line chart shows trends in data at equal intervals. • Area : An area chart emphasizes the magnitude of change over time. • X Y Scatter : An xy (scatter) chart shows the relationships among the numeric values in several data series, or plots two groups of numbers as one series of xy coordinates. • Doughnut : Like a pie chart, a doughnut chart shows the relationship of parts to a whole; however, it can contain more than one data series. • Bubble : Data that is arranged in columns on a worksheet so that x values are listed in the first column and corresponding y values and bubble size values are listed in adjacent columns, can be plotted in a bubble chart. • Radar : A radar chart compares the aggregate values of a number of data series.
137 Oasis Radiant Computer Science, Book 6 Steps: • Select the data for which you want to create chart. • Choose Insert Tab » Select the chart or click on the Chart group to see various chart types. • Select the chart of your choice and click OK to generate the chart. Lab Work- 3 Prepare the worksheet and make the graph for number of master degree holder in different years and regions. Region 2068 2069 2070 2071 West 345 543 675 675 East 456 543 457 543 North 765 343 567 367 South 456 236 554 560 Lab Work -3 Prepare the worksheet and make the graph for number of master degree holder in different years and regions. Region 2068 2069 2070 2071 West 345 543 675 675 East 456 543 457 543 North 765 343 567 367 South 456 236 554 560 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 2068 2069 2070 2071 Number of Masters Degree Holders West East North South
Oasis Radiant Computer Science, Book 6 138 Key Points • The term spreadsheet refers to a large sheet of paper with multiple rows and columns for record keeping and calculation. • MS Excel is a full featured spreadsheet programme. • The Title bar displays both the name of the application and the name of the spreadsheet. • Each Excel spreadsheet contains 256 columns and 65,536 rows. • A cell is an intersection of a column and row. • Navigation buttons allow you to move to another worksheet in an Excel workbook. • A formula is combination of values (numbers or cell address) and math operators (+, -, /, *, =) into an algebraic expression. • A simple formula in Excel contains one mathematical operation only. • Formulas can be created by using either numbers or cell address in the definition. • Each new workbook in Excel has three worksheets named Sheet1, Sheet2 and Sheet3 at starting window. Exercise 1. Answer the following Questions: a. What is a spreadsheet? b. Write down the features of MS Excel. c. What are the applications of MS Excel? d. Name any six elements available in Microsoft Excel window. e. What is title bar and work sheet? f. Define workbook and worksheet. g. What is a cell in a worksheet? h. What are the various arithmetic and logical operators? 2. Fill in the blanks: a. 1, 2, 3, 4 etc. are the …….. heading. b. A ………is an intersections of column and row.
139 Oasis Radiant Computer Science, Book 6 c. We can use…….menu to save a worksheet. d. = , < , > symbols are ……………operators. e. Spreadsheet refers to a large sheet of paper with multiple …….and …… f. The title bar is located at the ………..of Excel window. 3. State whether the following statements are true or false. a. MS Excel is system software. b. We can change the font colour and style on MS Excel c. There are total 236 columns in MS Excel. d. Cell is the intersection of rows and columns. e. We cannot add more worksheet on Ms- Excel. f. + , - , * , / etc are the relational operators. g. We cannot delete and add the row and columns in Excel. h. Sheet1 , Sheet2 , Sheet3 are the default worksheet available in MS Excel. 4. Write down the steps to perform the following tasks. a. To save a worksheet. b. To open old excel documents. c. To create a simple formula. d. To insert worksheet. e. To delete one or more worksheet. f. To delete a column. g. To prepare the chart h. To apply formula i. to zoom view j. To close workbook 5. Project work. a. Prepare a simple bill format including Item Code, Item Name, Quantity and Rate. b. Calculate total amount and discount amount. c. Calculate grand total by using Excel formula.
Oasis Radiant Computer Science, Book 6 140 Microsoft PowerPoint 10 Chapter 8 Features and uses of PowerPoint 8 Steps to create slides 8 The process to add animations 8 Steps to decorate slides
141 Oasis Radiant Computer Science, Book 6 Introduction PowerPoint is a full featured presentation programme that is used to design presentation for various purposes. It is a software package which can be used to present pictures, texts, graphics, transitions, video-clips, sounds, etc. You can use the presentation package to design slides. Features of PowerPoint • It helps to design the slides. • It provides a slide show for the document. • It provides multimedia production facilities. • It provides presentation of documents in different formats. • It provides drawing tools such as arrows, boxes, etc. • It provides animation with sound. Application of PowerPoint • It is used for multimedia production. • It is used for graphical presentation. • It supports education. • It is applicable for training centres. • It is used for small scale of film animation. How to Start • Click on Start menu. • Select Programme and choose Microsoft Office. • Now select Microsoft Office PowerPoint from the option. You will get PowerPoint windows. Microsoft PowerPoint 10 Chapter
Oasis Radiant Computer Science, Book 6 142 Getting Started with PowerPoint 2010 Steps (1) Click Start button. (2) Click All Programmes, or Programs, option from the menu. (3) Search for Microsoft Office. (4) Select Microsoft PowerPoint 2010. This will launch Microsoft PowerPoint 2010 application.
143 Oasis Radiant Computer Science, Book 6 Components of PowerPoint 2010 File Tab This tab opens the Backstage view which basically allows you to manage the file and settings in PowerPoint. You can save presentations, open existing ones and create new presentations based on blank or predefined templates. There are other file related operations that can be executed from this view too.
Oasis Radiant Computer Science, Book 6 144 The ribbon contains three components: • Tabs: They appear across the top of the Ribbon and contain groups of related commands. Home, Insert, Page Layout are examples of ribbon tabs. • Groups: They organise related commands; each group name appears below the group on the Ribbon. For example, group of commands related to fonts or group of commands related to alignment, etc. • Commands: Commands appear within each group as mentioned above. Title Bar This is the top section of the window. It shows the name of the file followed by the name of the programme which in this case is Microsoft PowerPoint. Slide Area This is the area where the actual slide is created and edited. You can add, edit and delete text, images, shapes and multimedia in this section. Help The Help Icon can be used to get PowerPoint related help anytime you need. Clicking on the “?” opens the PowerPoint Help window where you have a list of common topics to browse from. You can also search for specific topics from the search bar at the top. Ribbon
145 Oasis Radiant Computer Science, Book 6 Zoom Options Zoom control lets you zoom in for a closer look at your text. The zoom control consists of a slider that you can slide left or right to zoom in or out, - and + buttons you can click to increase or decrease the zoom factor. The maximum zoom supported by PowerPoint is 400% and the 100% is indicated by the mark in the middle. Slide Views The group of four buttons located to the left of the Zoom control, near the bottom of the screen, lets you switch between PowerPoint views. • Normal Layout view: This displays page in normal view with the slide on the right and a list of thumbnails to the left. This view allows you to edit individual slides and also rearrange them. • Slide Sorter view: This displays all the slides as a matrix. This view only allows you to rearrange the slides but not edit contents of each slide. • Reading View: This view is like a slide show with access to the Windows task bar in case you need to switch windows. However, like the slide show you cannot edit anything in this view and clicking will progress the presentation to the next slide. Notes Section This section allows you to add notes for the presentation. These notes will not be displayed on the screen during the presentation; these are just quick reference for the presenter. Slide Tab This section is available only in the Normal view. It displays all the slides in sequence. You can add, delete and reorder slides from this section.
Oasis Radiant Computer Science, Book 6 146 Creating Presentation using PowerPoint PowerPoint offers a host of tools that will aid you in creating a presentation. These tools are organised logically into various ribbons in PowerPoint. The table below describes the various commands you can access from different menus. Menu Category Ribbon Commands Home Clipboard functions, manipulating slides, fonts paragraph settings, drawing objects and editing functions Insert Insert tables, pictures, images, shapes, charts, special texts, multimedia and symbols Design Slide setup, slide orientation, presentation themes and background Transitions Commands related to slide transitions Animations Commands related to animation within the individual slides Slide Show Commands related to slide show set up and previews. Review Proofing content, language selection, comments and comparing presentations View Commands related to presentation views, Master slides, colour settings and window arrangements Add New Slides During the time of presentation design you have to insert more pages. Such pages are called slides. You can add new slides in an existing presentation using following steps: Steps (1): Right click in the Navigation Pane under any existing slide and click on the New Slide option.
147 Oasis Radiant Computer Science, Book 6 (2) The new slide is inserted. You can now change the layout of this slide to suit your design requirements. (3) To change the slide layout, right click on the newly inserted slide and go to Layout option where you can choose from the existing layout styles available to you. • Select the suitable layout and apply on the existing slide. Title Box This is typically found on slides with title layout and in all the slides that have a title box in them. This box is indicated by “Click to add title”
Oasis Radiant Computer Science, Book 6 148 Subtitle Box This is found only in slides with Title layout. This is indicated by “Click to add subtitle” Content Box This is found in most slides that have a placeholder for adding content. This is indicated by “Click to add text”. As you can see, this box allows you to add text as well as non-text content. To add text to such a box, click anywhere on the box, except on one of the content icons in the centre and start typing. Text Only Box This is not a default content box available in PowerPoint, but you can create it using Slide Master, if required. This is also indicated by “Click to add text”. The only difference between Text Only Box and the Content box is that former only supports text in the content area. Lab Work- 1 Prepare the following types of slides by describing your school. Environment of your school with photo End and give thanks Brief history of your school Introduction to your school List of teachers Class routine
149 Oasis Radiant Computer Science, Book 6 Steps (1) Click on the Text Box icon in the Home ribbon under Drawing section. Adding New Text Boxes During the time of designing the presentation slides you have to add some text boxes or other contents on the slide. (2) You will get the insert text box cursor that looks like an inverted cross.
Oasis Radiant Computer Science, Book 6 150 (3) Click to insert a text box. You can now start typing directly into the text box. (4) Alternately, you can click and drag the cursor without releasing the click to create a text box. The size of the text box can be adjusted by selecting one of the edges marked by squares or corners marked by circles. Deleting Existing Slide You can delete the unnecessary slides from the presentation. Deleting from Normal View Steps (1) Go to the Normal view. (2) Right click on the slide to be deleted and select delete. Alternately, you can select the slide and press the delete button on your key board.