Social Studies 3

Approved by Government of Nepal,
Ministry of Education, Curriculum Development Centre, Sanothimi, Bhaktapur

Social Studies

& Creative Arts

3

Editor : • Dr. Anirudra Thapa
• Nawa Raj Prasai
• Mahabir Paudyal
• Youba Raj Dhakal
• Suresh Shah

Oasis Social Studies & Creative Arts-3 1

Social Studies

& Creative Arts 3

Name : ...................................................
Class : ................. Roll No. : ..............
Section : .................................................
School : .................................................

Oasis Publication Pvt. Ltd.

Anamnagar, Kathmandu
Tel: 4225190, Fax: 4227718
Authors:
Nawa Raj Prasai
Mahabir Paudyal
Youba Raj Dhakal
Suresh Shah
Edition:
2075 B.S.
Copyright ©
Publisher
Computer Layout:
Oasis Desktop Group
Printed in Nepal

2 Oasis Social Studies & Creative Arts-3

Foreword

Oasis Social Studies & Creative Arts -3 has been designed to facilitate
teaching Social Studies to students of English medium schools. The series
draws upon the general guidelines, course content and teaching methods
as envisioned in the syllabus designed by the Curriculum Development
Center (CDC). The broad objective of Social Studies is to impart “cultural
literacy” to students so that they develop into responsible citizens.
The significant part of being culturally literate is to know and critically
understand one’s social and cultural surrounding. Social Studies, therefore,
is an interdisciplinary subject that incorporates history, geography, culture,
sociology, and politics. Due to its interdisciplinary nature, teaching Social
Studies to young students is as exciting and purposeful as it is challenging
to deliver. The effective teaching, therefore, begins with the availability of
quality teaching materials. Oasis social studies series aims at adding to and
upgrading the existing textbooks.

This series follows the course rationale and framework stipulated in the
CDC course grid and judiciously clusters course contents around a person’s
interrelationship with the family, community, nation, and the world. Due to
the desired outcome of the CDC syllabus, this series has adopted “critical
thinking” as the pedagogic philosophy. We have consciously avoided the
tendency of overloading textbooks with neatly summarized bullet points, a
tendency, we believe, defeats the purpose of developing “critical thinking”
in students. Instead, this series has adopted creative approach to teaching
Social Studies. That is, it not only requires students to know what a family,
community, or a nation is but to understand how an individual’s civic,
cultural and political life is intricately related to larger social units. The
exercises are designed to not only test students’ ability to comprehend facts
and information but also think and reason about what they learn.

The series takes up the task of providing quality teaching materials and
invites instructors to approach teaching Social Studies creatively. Therefore,
each book in the series addresses the age-specific mindset and psychology
of the students. For example, books for primary level abound with stories,
sketches, profiles and illustrations. In the higher level, the books focus
more on factual information with appropriate examples and illustrations.
In class nine and ten, we have made effort to address the SEE requirements
without much deviating from the textbooks prescribed by the government
with significant updates on data, facts, and current affairs. While exploring

Oasis Social Studies & Creative Arts-3 3

the flexibility allowed by the SEE testing scheme, the books still adhere
to functional pedagogy in that they aim to make students understand
concepts and ideas through presentation, examples and illustrations.
Overall, through pre-reading activities, in-class activities and project
works the series fosters participatory pedagogy.

Lessons feature real life stories, contextual dialogues, ethnographic
profiles, and pictorial illustrations. The series also incorporates latest
available statistics and incorporates changes and new provisions made in
the constitution of Nepal, 2072. The figures and maps in the books follow
standard cartographic rules and conventions so that students learn map
works in an authentic way. Instead of including overtly ambitious project
works, we have focused on providing interesting do-able project works
that allow students to gain insight into social and cultural issues through
self-discovery. Where required, we have also provided general guidelines
for the project work so that instructors and students can undertake the task
head on. As books are designed for students of English medium schools,
we have taken special care to avoid odd-sounding English expressions
that use Nepali structures and grammar.

Our special thanks go to Oasis Publication for publishing and bringing the
series to the teachers and learners. We owe many thanks to Harischand
Bista, the Managing Director of the Publication, who has made it his
passion to bring this series to completion. We hope, Oasis Social Studies,
while fulfilling the course objectives, will make teaching and learning
Social Studies an enjoyable activity in the classroom.

Authors March 2018

4 Oasis Social Studies & Creative Arts-3

Contents

Unit-1 Me, My Family and My Neighbours............................................7 -25
Lesson: 1.1
My Family...................................................................................... 8
Lesson: 1.2
Helping the Family ..................................................................... 12
Lesson: 1.3
Helping Beyond the Family ....................................................... 16
Lesson: 1.4
Story of Mr. Careless ................................................................... 19

Projects, Unit Revision and Test Your Knowledge........................ 23

Unit -2 Our Traditions, Social Norms and Values ........................ 26-49
Lesson: 2.1
Greeting and Respecting Our Relatives..................................... 27
Lesson: 2.2
Many Cultures: Many Ways of Greeting ................................... 32
Lesson: 2.3
Fun with Festivals ........................................................................ 37
Lesson: 2.4
Our Community Heroes ............................................................ 42

Projects, Unit Revision and Test Your Knowledge......................... 46

Unit-3 Social Problems and Their solutions....................................5 0-64
Lesson: 3.1
Disabled are Differently Able ..................................................... 51
Lesson: 3.2
Helping the Helpless ................................................................... 56
Lesson: 3.3
False Beliefs; Bad Practices ......................................................... 59
Projects, Unit Revision and Test Your Knowledge........................ 62

Unit-4 Civic Sense ............................................................................... 65-87
Lesson: 4.1
Helping Others ............................................................................ 66
Lesson: 4.2
Natural Resources ...................................................................... 69

Oasis Social Studies & Creative Arts-3 5

Lesson: 4.3
Road Rules and Traffic Signs..................................................... 74
Lesson: 4.4
Posters and Notice Boards........................................................... 78
Lesson: 4.5
Know the Child Rights and Duties............................................. 81

Projects, Unit Revision and Test Your Knowledge....................... 85

Unit - 5 Our Earth ...............................................................................88-101
Lesson: 5.1
My Rural Municipality............................................................... 89
Lesson: 5.2
Santosh's Village ......................................................................... 93
Lesson: 5.3
My Municipality ......................................................................... 97

Projects, Unit Revision and Test Your Knowledge....................... 100

Unit- 6 Our Past..................................................................................102-118
Lesson: 6.1
We Live With Our Past .............................................................. 103
Lesson: 6.2
Our National Heroes ................................................................. 107

Projects, Unit Revision and Test Your Knowledge....................... 117

Unit- 7 Our Economic Activities ....................................................119-135
Lesson: 7.1
Every Work is Important .......................................................... 120
Lesson: 7.2
Spend Less, Save for Future .................................................... 124
Lesson: 7.3
They Live on Their Own Products ......................................... 127
Lesson: 7.4
Nepali Goods First ................................................................... 130

Projects, Unit Revision and Test Your Knowledge..................... 134
Creative Arts ........................................................................................ 136-152

6 Oasis Social Studies & Creative Arts-3

Unit Me, My Family and

1 My Neighbours

In this unit, we will:

• learn to talk about our family.
• learn to help our family and do petty tasks set for us.
• learn the meaning and importance of our neighbours.
• be able to help our neighbours in need.
• learn to take care of things we own; learn to keep them in the right

place.
Oasis Social Studies & Creative Arts-3 7

Lesson My Family

1.1

Pre-reading Activities

Take a few minutes. Answer the following questions. Then, tell
the class about your family.
• What is your name?
• How many persons are there in your family?
• What is the name of your father?
• How old is your mother?
• Who is the oldest person in your family?
• Who is the youngest person in your family?

Reading

Here is what Nayan writes about his
family to his friend in America.

Kalanki, Kathmandu
January 26, 2018
Dear David,
I got your postcard yesterday. I am
happy to know about your family.
I thought you had a big family like
mine. But yours is a small family. You
have father, mother and yourself.
Such a family may be fun. You didn’t
write how old your father and mother are. Tell me their age next time
you write to me. I know that you are 7 years old.

8 Oasis Social Studies & Creative Arts-3

My family is very big and the family members are from 2 to 80 years old.
You know that I am 8 years
old. I am not the youngest
person. Actually I'm the
third youngest person. Mili,
my sister, is 5. She has just
begun to go to school. And
Lily, my uncle's daughter, is
just two years old. She smiles
and sometimes tears off my
note-books. She is cute but
naughty. My father is 38 years
old but he looks very young.
My mother is 35. My uncle is
30 and my grandmother is 75.

You'll be surprised to know
about my grandfather. He is 80 years old. Ten times as old as I am! He
tells me stories from his young days. He has wrinkles all over his face.
But he is active. My family is an example of a joint family. We have
our own way of respecting people. I touch the feet of my parents and
grandparents. I love my younger siblings very much. Well, this is all for
today. Write to me about the age of your parents and what they do for a
living.

Love,

Nayan Sharma

Free the Words

tear off : break into pieces
naughty : behaving badly
wrinkles : folds/lines in the skin
sibling : brother or sister

Oasis Social Studies & Creative Arts-3 9

In-class Activities

Write out the questions listed at the beginning of this lesson. Then,
select a partner. Ask the questions to your partner and find out about
his or her family. Tell the class what you found out.

Exercise

1. Some ages from Nayan's letter are written below. Find whose
ages they are.
a. ................................ 7 years old.
b. ............................... 8 years old.
c. ............................... 5 years old.
d. ............................... 2 years old.
e. ............................... 38 years old.
f. ............................... 35 years old.
g. ............................... 75 years old.
h. .............................. 80 years old.

2. Find names from the letter and fill in the blanks.
a. ......................... is the youngest person in Nayan's family.
b. Grandfather is ............................................... person.
c. Mili is younger than ............................................... .
d. Nayan's father is three years older than ...................... .

10 Oasis Social Studies & Creative Arts-3

3. Answer these questions

a. How old is Nayan?
b. What is the type of Nayan's family?
c. How old is David?
d. How many members are there in Nayan's family?
e. How many members are there in David's family.
f. What makes a family small, large or big?
4. Write a letter to a friend of yours telling how old each person
in your family is.

5. List out the ages of your five friends in the class.

Name of friends Ages

Oasis Social Studies & Creative Arts-3 11

Lesson

1.2 Helping the Family

Pre-reading Activities

• Besides doing homework, what else do you do at home?
• What do your parents often ask you to do?
• Do you help your mother/father at home? How?

Reading

Read Kasyap’s diary entry of Saturday, February 21, 2018.
Saturday, February 21, 2018
It's Saturday today. There was no school. I had finished my homework
Friday evening. So I had no work. But there was a lot of work in my
house. My mother had a lot of washing to do. She washed my uniform
and other clothes. I went to help her. I tried to wash a shirt myself but

it didn't come out clean. So my
mother said, "You can't wash
well, go and sweep the floor;
also dust the furniture and put
the utensils in the kitchen rack."
I did what she said. I swept the
floor with a broom; dusted the
TV table and chairs and put
all the utensils in order. When
I finished, Dina woke up and

12 Oasis Social Studies & Creative Arts-3

began to cry. Dina
is only two years
old. "Mind Dina,
Kasyap," my mother
said from the
bathroom. I went
to Dina and patted
her lightly. Then she
stopped crying.

In town, we help our
family in household
work. In villages,
children like us
help their parents
differently. They water plants in the garden. They feed the cattle, and
they go with their parents to buy things in the market place. "Helping the
family is helping oneself. You should help your family as much as you
can," my Social Studies teacher says. I think she is right. It is 9 o'clock.
Now I will go to bed. I have school tomorrow.

Free the Words

utensils : things we use in the kitchen like pots, pans, etc.

mind : to care someone

pat : to tap gently with an open hand

household : relating to a house

cattle : animals kept at farm such as cows and bulls

In-class Activities

Make a list of activities you do to help your parents on Saturdays and
holidays.

Oasis Social Studies & Creative Arts-3 13

Exercise

1. Here is a list of things done by Kasyap and his mother.
Write Kasyap for the work that "Kasyap" did and "Kasyap's
mother" for the work that his mother did.
a. Cooking ........................................................................................ .
b. Looking after Dina ...................................................................... .
c. Washing the dishes ........................................................................ .
d. Putting the dishes into the rack ................................................ .
e. Washing clothes ......................................................................... .

2. Look at the pictures below and write what people are doing.

The boy is ........................... . The girl is ................................ .

The girl is ........................... . The boy is ................................ .
14 Oasis Social Studies & Creative Arts-3

3. Write True or False against these statements.

a. Kasyap is writing a letter.
b. Kasyap washes his clothes himself.
c. He doesn't sweep.
d. Dina is Kasyap's sister.
e. Helping the family is helping oneself.

4. Answer these questions.

a. What happened when Kasyap tried to wash his shirt himself?
b. What three things did Kasyap do?
c. How do children help their parents in villages?
d. What does Kasyap’s Social Studies teacher say about helping

the family?

5. List out the works your friends do to help their parents.

S.N. Friends Way they help

1. .............................................. ..............................................

2. .............................................. ..............................................

3. .............................................. ..............................................

4. .............................................. ..............................................

5. .............................................. ..............................................

6. .............................................. ..............................................

7. .............................................. ..............................................

Oasis Social Studies & Creative Arts-3 15

Lesson

Helping Beyond

1.3 the Family

Pre-reading Activities

Who are your next door neighbours? Have you ever been to their
home? Have you ever helped your neighbours? What did you do?
Have you ever been helped by your neighbours?

Reading

Today is Sunday. Kasyap arrived school half an
hour late. His father asked his class teacher to let
Kasyap in the class. His Social Studies teacher
asked Kasyap why he was late. This is what Kasyap
tells the class:
I was about to take my meal. Then I heard a lot
of noise in my neighbour’s house. My father
and I went to see. Ghimire uncle, my next
door neighbour, had fainted. He was lying
unconscious. Ghimire aunty began to cry.
“Let’s call the ambulance, we have to take him
to hospital,” my father said. Nobody knew the
ambulance number. Then I remembered we had Republica at home. In
that newspaper, I had seen the telephone numbers of different hospitals.
I ran to my house and got the number. My father called the ambulance.
Ghimire uncle was taken to the hospital. When all this was over, it was
already 9 o’clock. Then I asked my father to accompany me to school
and ask our class teacher to let me in.
16 Oasis Social Studies & Creative Arts-3

Everyone liked Kasyap's helpful role
in the event. Kasyap’s teacher was
very happy for what he had done. "It’s
a very good habit," he said. "As we
help in the family we should also help
our neighbours. Our neighbourhood
is like a family. Helping a neighbour
is like helping our family," he said.

Free the Words

unconscious : not aware of anything
ambulance : a vehicle to carry sick people to a hospital
accompany : to go with someone
event : something important that happens

In-class Activities

Make a list of things you have done to help your neighbours. Share
it with the class.

Exercise

1. Match the "Situations" in A with appropriate "Help" in B.

'A' 'B'
Situations Help
• Give baby clothes
a. Your neighbour is sick.
b. Your neighbour has a wedding • Help them decorate the house

party.

c. A baby is born in your neighbour’s • Inform the police
home. • Call the ambulance

d. Your neighbour’s daughter didn’t
arrive home, but she was already
out of school.

Oasis Social Studies & Creative Arts-3 17

2. Fill in the blanks with correct words given in the brackets.
a. Kasyap arrived school late because he ....................... . (wanted
to be late / went to help his neighbour)
b. Kasyap’s father requested Kasyap’s .......................... . (class
teacher / Social Studies teacher) to allow him in class.
c. Ghimire uncle had ......................... . (fainted/high fever)
d. Helping neighbours is like helping the ................................ .
(family / oneself)

3. Write True or False against these statements.
a. Kasyap went to hospital.
b. Kasyap reads newspapers sometimes.
c. Social Studies teacher became happy with Kasyap.
d. Helping neighbours is not a good habit.

4. Answer these questions.
a. Why was Kasyap late?
b. How late did Kasyap arrive at school?
c. What had happened to Ghimire uncle?
d. How did Kasyap get the telephone number of the ambulance?
e. Why is it important to help our neighbours?

5. Ask your teacher how he or she helped his or her neighbour
during his or her childhood. Write a paragraph on your
teacher's memory.

18 Oasis Social Studies & Creative Arts-3

Lesson Story of
Mr. Careless
1.4

Pre-reading Activities

Look up in your backpack. List all the things you have in it. Then, tell
what each thing is used for? What other things do you wish to have?
Make a list of things you wish you had.

Reading

There lived a man in a big village.
Tall in height, 20 at age.
Walked around often in dirty dress.
Kept the house in a mess.

Books and pens were left on bed.
Clothes and caps on a sofa set.
Shirts and trousers on the floor.
Socks and slippers by the door.

Dirty dishes, pots and plates.
Glass and spoons on the kitchen slate.
Broom and dustbin in the passage.
Chairs and table on the terrace.
This went too much, he went mad.
All these things did make him sad.
Would be fine if he kept things in place.
And used them in a perfect case.

Oasis Social Studies & Creative Arts-3 19

I know that it is important
To keep shirt, tie and socks and pants
In the wardrobe safe and sound.
So when I search for them they are easily found.

Pots and pens are used for cooking.
Quilts and pillows for sound sleeping.
Hoe and spade help in farming.
Soap for washing, broom for sweeping.

I know how to use things well
Take my advice go and tell
From bags to books and every tool
Keep them safe and don't be fool.

Free the Words

mess : untidy, not clean
passage : narrow way with walls on both sides
terrace : outdoor area where people can sit, eat
perfect : best
wardrobe : a cupboard where clothes are stored
hoe : a tool that has a flat blade on a long handle
advice : suggestion

In-class Activities

Here are other tools that we use in our household. Write for each
tool/gadget where it should be kept and what it is used for. Also
name the tool.

e.g. 1. This is a pressure-cooker
It is kept in the kitchen.
It is used for cooking.

20 Oasis Social Studies & Creative Arts-3

a. b.

..................................... .....................................
..................................... .....................................
..................................... .....................................

c. d. e.

..................................... ..................................... .....................................
..................................... ..................................... .....................................
..................................... ..................................... .....................................

Exercise

1. Put the following items under appropriate picture:

shirt, pants, plate, books, exercise books, pitcher, knives, quilt, pillow,
rice-cooker, cup, glass

............................................. ............................................. .............................................
............................................. ............................................. .............................................
............................................. ............................................. .............................................

Oasis Social Studies & Creative Arts-3 21

2. List five things that Mr. Careless did wrongly.
e.g. He left books and pens on bed.
a. .......................................................................................................... .

b. .......................................................................................................... .

c. .......................................................................................................... .

d. .......................................................................................................... .

e. .......................................................................................................... .

3. Answer these questions.
a. What is the problem with Mr. Careless?
b. What should he have done?
c. Where does Mr. Careful keep his clothes?
d. Why do we use pillows and quilts?
e. What is Mr. Careful's advice?

4. Make a list of tools/gadgets used in your kitchen and
bathroom.

Kitchen Bathroom



22 Oasis Social Studies & Creative Arts-3

Projects for Unit One

1. Complete the table below with details about the age of your
family members.

Born in (Year) Month Day
Father
Mother
Uncle
Aunty
Brother

2. Fill up the table below with as many details as you can
gather.

Indoor work Outdoor work

3. List any five goods/tools you use at your home and write
what they are used for.

....................................................................................................... .
....................................................................................................... .

Oasis Social Studies & Creative Arts-3 23

....................................................................................................... .

....................................................................................................... .

....................................................................................................... .
4. Here is the list of tasks that your friend did to help his

neighbours.

Events Helps
• during a feast in the village • distributing water
• festivals • obeying elders
• someone got sick • bringing medicines
• fire at a neighour's house • calling a fire brigade
• a friend got lost • informing the police

Now make similar list of tasks that you can do to help your
neighbours.

Unit Revision

In this unit, we have learnt that:

• we live in a family; some families are small and some are big.
• persons who live in a family are members of the family.
• we help each other in the family.
• we should do what we can in the family.
• people who live next to our home are our neighbours.
• we should help each other in a neighbourhood.
• we should greet and respect our neighbours.
• we need special tools to work with.
• pens, pencils, and crayons are tools for students to learn.
• we should take care of our things; we should keep them in the

proper place.

24 Oasis Social Studies & Creative Arts-3

Test Your Knowledge

1. Fill in the box with appropriate answers.

a sttroanmgyervciollmagees? brmiyn fgrtiehendpfeonrcigle?ts to
a lame person somebody is
breaks his stick? sick?

How can I help when wI eseepeiangch?ild

lsoostmtehbeodwyayh?as I see a beggar?

2. Write about your best friend.

My best friend is ......................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................

3. Answer these questions.

a. What has Nayan asked his friend, David, to write about? 25
b. How do children help their family in a village?
c. How do children help their family in town?
d. What lesson can we learn from Mr. Careless?
e. What do you use to wipe your nose?
f. What do you use to wash your hands and to take a bath?

Oasis Social Studies & Creative Arts-3

Unit Our Traditions, Social

2 Norms and Values

In this unit, we will:

• learn to respect our elders and love our juniors.
• learn that we greet each other saying “hello” and “Namaste.”
• learn to use polite words to honour our friends, relatives, and

neighbours.
• learn that every culture has its own way of greeting people.
• learn that many families live in the neighbourhood; they may speak

different languages; they may follow different cultures.
• learn that all the families in the neighbourhood live together in

harmony; they celebrate each other’s cultures.
• learn that we should respect people who work for the society; they are

our heroes.
26 Oasis Social Studies & Creative Arts-3

Lesson

Greeting and Respecting

2.1 Our Relatives

Pre-reading Activities

• When you meet someone you know, what do you say? How do
you greet?

• When you meet a stranger, what do you say? How do you greet?
Should we talk to a stranger or not? Why?

Reading

Today is Saturday. Mamta's parents
and grandparents are at home. Her
father and mother do not have to go
to work. But it's been a very busy
day for her. She has been receiving
her relatives. First, her mama and
maiju came at 8:30. "Namaste Mama,
namaste maiju," she greeted them
as she opened the door. "Bhitra
aunusna (please come in)", she said.
They patted her and said "How are
you, bhanji (niece)?" "I'm fine, thank
you", she said. They went inside.
Mamta's father and mother said to her mama, "Darshan dai, darshan
bhauju." "Darshan jwain sahab, darshan bahini," they said. Mamta's parents
and her mama/maiju drank tea and chatted. Mamta sat in her mama's lap,
her hands folded.

Oasis Social Studies & Creative Arts-3 27

Just then, Rosy came. Rosy is Mamta's friend. She lives next door. "Hello,
Mamta," Rosy said. "Hi, Rosy, please come in," Mamta said. Mamta
introduced Rosy to her mama and maiju. "Namaste uncle, namaste aunti,"
Rosy said. Rosy also greeted Mamta's parents and grandparents.

Mamta's mama and maiju left at 10.
Her friend had also gone. Half an
hour later, the doorbell rang again.
Mamta went to open the door. There
was a man she had never seen before.
"Hello uncle," she said. "What a sweet
child?" he said in a gruff voice and
gave her a chocolate to eat, "Will you
come with me? I'll buy you an ice-
cream," he said. Mamta remembered
her teacher telling her not to eat
anything given by strangers. She had
heard about bad men giving sweets to
children and then kidnapping them.
"Please wait for a moment, I'll call my
father," she said and went in to call her father. When they returned, he
had already left. "You did the right thing. May be he was a kidnapper,"
her father said. Mamta trembled with fear.
28 Oasis Social Studies & Creative Arts-3

We should respect and greet relatives and grown up people. When they
visit our home, we should ask them to stay and offer them something
to drink and eat. We should be polite to them. This kind of friendly,
polite and respectful behaviour is called hospitality. Hospitality is being
nice to guests. But with strangers, we should be polite but careful. Some
strangers might be bad people.

Free the Words

gruff : rough
stranger : unknown person
kidnap : take people away by force
tremble : to shake because you are afraid or nervous, etc.
hospitality : kindness in welcoming guests or strangers

In-class Activities

In a small group, act out the situation of the lesson in the class. Ask
your teacher for guidance.

Oasis Social Studies & Creative Arts-3 29

Exercise

1. Here is a list of some relatives (in Nepali) whom we should
respect. Find their English names. Ask for your teacher’s
help if you do not know.

a. Kaka ...............................................
b. Kaki ...............................................
c. Mama ...............................................
d. Maiju ...............................................
e. Phupu ...............................................
f. Phupaju ...............................................
g. Thulobuba ...............................................
h. Thulomami ...............................................
i. Sanobuba ...............................................
j. Sanomami ...............................................
k. Didi/Bhinaju ...............................................
l. Bahini/Jwain ...............................................

2. There are some words below. List them under “Respectful”
words and “Impolite” words.

darshan, aija, namaste, aisyos, raja, hazur, tan, tapain, khaisyos, kha

Respectful words Impolite words

30 Oasis Social Studies & Creative Arts-3

3. Write True or False against these statements.
a. Mamta's family is together today.
b. Mamta is rude to her guests.
c. Rosy and Mamta are friends.
d. Mamta took the stranger inside.
e. The stranger was probably a kidnapper.

4. Answer these questions.
a. Who came to Mamta's house first?
b. What did she say to them?
c. How did Mamta's parents greet her mama and maiju?
d. What did the stranger say to Mamta?
e. Why should we be careful with strangers?

5. Write what you usually do when relatives visit your home.

Oasis Social Studies & Creative Arts-3 31

Lesson

Many Cultures:

2.2 Many Ways of Greeting

Pre-reading Activities

Do you greet people when you meet them? What do you say when
you meet the following?

• Your mother .......................... ......................

• Your teacher .......................... ......................

• Your neighbour .......................... ......................

• Younger brother or sister .......................... ......................

• A stranger .......................... ......................

Reading

In Bajracharya uncle's
home, sometimes they
speak words which I do not
understand. Bajracharya
uncle is my friend Rajan's
father. They are Newars.
But Rajan does not speak
Newari very well. His
grandparents and parents
mostly speak Newari.
When guests arrive they
say 'Jojolappa' and bow their head. “What is Jojolappa?” Once, I asked
Bajracharya uncle. "It is like saying 'Namaste' in our language," he said.

32 Oasis Social Studies & Creative Arts-3

People in my neighbourhood
speak different languages. The
Bajracharyas speak Newari.
The Khans speak Urdu. "Salam
Alikum," they say which is like
saying "Namaste". When I say
"Salam Alikum" to Khan uncle, he
smiles. "You are picking up our
language," he says.

In Tamang uncle's home,
they say 'Phyafulla' to greet
each other. Tashi, my friend,
does not use that word with
us. But to his relatives he says
'Phyafulla'.

The Bajracharyas, the
Khans and the Tamangs
follow different customs.
Bajracharya aunties wear
traditional Newari costumes
during festivals. Bajracharya uncle usually wears shirt and pants.
Monika is only five years old. But she is married to a Bel fruit. Bel Bibaha
is an old tradition among the Newars.

Khan uncle's family does not
celebrate Dashain and Tihar.
Khans are Muslims. For them Id
and Ramadan are like Dashain
and Tihar for Hindus. Khan
uncle wears long loose Kurta-
suruwal. He goes to a mosque on
Fridays to read Namaj (Prayer).

A baby boy is born in Tamang
uncle's home. I saw him this

Oasis Social Studies & Creative Arts-3 33

morning. He is only three days old. Today is his 'Choi'. Choi is the naming
ceremony just like Nwaran. On sixth day, there will be 'Chhaithi'. On this
day, the boy and his mother are given a clean bath. They stay in a clean
room with oil-lamps burning.

My family is different from all these. I belong to a Karki (Kshetri) family.
My grandfather says prayers before he eats. My father and uncle wear
Janai. We mostly eat dal-bhat. And we celebrate Dashain and Tihar.

In our neighbourhood, we speak different languages. We eat different
types of food. We wear different clothes. But that does not make us
strangers to each other. We are united by one thing. We all are Nepali.

Free the Words

customs : ways of behaving and doing things
mosque : shrine in which Muslims worship
prayers : words of respect for God

In-class Activities

Following words are related to different communities. Say which
word comes from which community.

Jojolappa : Newar community

Salam Alikum : ..................................................................

Phyafulla : ..................................................................

Bel-bibaha : ..................................................................

Ramadan : ..................................................................

Janai : ..................................................................

Choi : ..................................................................

34 Oasis Social Studies & Creative Arts-3

Exercise

1. Here's your personal profile. Can you complete it with
details?

Name : ..........................................................

Date of Birth : ...........................................................
Religion : ...........................................................

Caste : ...........................................................

Language spoken at home : ...........................................................

Language spoken in school : ...........................................................

Traditional dress : ...........................................................

Special food : ...........................................................

Rituals you observe : ...........................................................

Festivals you celebrate : ...........................................................

2. "Bye-bye" is an English word that means Pheri Bhetaula
in Nepali. Discuss and find out how bye-bye is said in the
following languages.

Nepali Newari Tamang Maithili Hindi

Oasis Social Studies & Creative Arts-3 35

3. Match the following. • Tamang culture
Id • Brahmin/Kshetri
Dashain • Hindu festival
Bel-bibaha • Muslim festival
Choi • Newar culture
Janai

5. Answer these questions.

a. What language does the Bajracharya family speak?
b. What do Bajracharya aunties wear during the festivals?
c. What are the main festivals of Muslims?
d. Where do the Khans go to pray?
e. What is Choi ?
f. Do languages and customs make us different? What unites us?

6. Write names of at least four families in your neighbourhood.
And complete the following.

Families Language Greeting words


36 Oasis Social Studies & Creative Arts-3

Lesson

2.3 Fun with Festivals

Pre-reading Activities

Take a few minutes. Think about the festivals you celebrate in your
family and community. Fill in the table below.

Festivals When do you celebrate? Main activities you do

Reading

Abdul Ansari missed the
classes for a week. He is
not sick. It is the month
of Ramadan. Ramadan
is the festival month for
Muslims. They do not
eat or drink during the
day in Ramadan. Abdul
is only 7 years old. So he
cannot keep fast. But his
parents do. They eat after sunset. Id is a festival day. On this day, they
pray in the mosque. They eat good food and wear nice clothes, they say
"... Id mubarak, happy Id" to each other. Abdul has left a greeting card on
the board. It reads: 'Id mubarak.'

Oasis Social Studies & Creative Arts-3 37

Ronit is thinking about the fun Abdul must be having. He belongs to
a Hindu family. His major festival months are September and October.
Dashain and Tihar are his favourite festivals. On the day of Bijaya
Dashami, he receives tika from his elders. He also gets blessings and
dakshina (money). During Tihar, he goes out to play deusi with his friends.
On the day of Bhaitika, his sister Nirmala puts Tika on his forehead. He
gives her gifts. Dashain and Tihar are celebrated by many people. They
are big festivals for most Nepalis.

During Dashain and Tihar they wear new clothes and eat tasty food, like
meat, sel-roti, etc. "When does Dashain fall?" Ronit is thinking.
Bikash Yadav is from Janakpur. He loves Chhath and Holi more than
Dashain and Tihar. Chhath is a big festival in Terai. It is also celebrated
in places like Kathmandu and Hetauda now-a-days. Chhath falls just
after Tihar. During the festival, people keep fast. They take bath in the
river and pond. Then they worship the rising sun. They eat sweet dishes.
Women sing and dance.
Holi is also an important festival. In the hills, it is marked on Fagu
Purnima day. In the Terai it is enjoyed a day later. Holi is a festival of
colour. People get together. They smear vermillian powder (abir) on each
other's faces. They sing and dance and chant 'Holi he... .

38 Oasis Social Studies & Creative Arts-3

There are many other festivals Nepali people celebrate. Lhosar is a festival
of Gurungs, Tamangs and Sherpas. They visit gumbas and stupas. They
have a lot of fun. They say 'Tashi-Delek'.

Christmas is a big festival for Christians. Christmas falls on December
25. It is the day Jesus Christ was born. Christians give gifts to each other.
They say "Merry Christmas!"

Festivals are always fun. We get holidays on some major festivals. We
may not celebrate every festival but we must respect them all.

Free the Words

fast : period of not eating food
greeting card : card sent on festivals/birthdays
blessing : good wishes, prayers
celebrate : take part in enjoyment, fun
smear : to rub with something (colour)

In-class Activities

Have you ever invited a friend to your home on a festival day? Write
what you did with him/her.
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................

Oasis Social Studies & Creative Arts-3 39

Exercise

1. Match the activities in A with festivals in B.

Playing with colors • Chhath
Deusi/Bhailo • Lhosar
Id mubarak • Holi
Merry Christmas • Dashain
Worshipping the Sun • Tihar
Receiving Tika and blessings • Christmas
Going to gumbas/stupas • Id/Ramadan

2. Complete the following table with correct information.

S.N Name of the festivals Months Food people eat Things people do
1.
2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

3. Fill in the blanks.
a. Ramadan is ........................ of Muslim people.
b. Muslim people pray ......................... at mosque.
c. ...................... are main festival months for Hindus.
d. Deusi and Bhailo are played in ......................... .

40 Oasis Social Studies & Creative Arts-3

e. During Chhath, people take bath in ........................ .
f. .................... is a festival of colours.
4. Answer these questions.
a. What is Ramadan? What is Id?
b. When do people eat during Ramadan?
c. What does Ronit get on Vijaya Dashami day?
d. What are two main festivals of the Hindus?
e. Where are Chhath and Holi celebrated mainly?
f. What do people do at Chhath?
g. Where do Sherpas and Gurungs go at Lhosar?
h. When does Christmas fall?
5. Choose a festival you like. Then, draw a picture to show (any
image) how the festival is celebrated.

6. Make a greeting card to give your friend during a festival.

Oasis Social Studies & Creative Arts-3 41

Lesson Our Community
Heroes
2.4

Pre-reading Activities

Every community has someone who has done great things for the
community. Such a person is very important for us. Who do you think
is an important person in your community? Why do you think the
person is important? What has the person done for the community?

Reading

My name is Namgel Lama. I am
from Haibung, Sindhupalchowk.
There are many good persons in
my village.

Deepak sir is a teacher in the local
primary school. But, he is also a
social worker. Every Friday, he
calls the villagers to a meeting
and tells them how their children
are doing in studies. "Are your
children studying well?" he asks the
villagers. He tells them if the children do not study now, their future will
be dark. There are some families in my village who do not want to send
their daughters to school. He visits their homes. "Sons and daughters
are equal. You should not think of daughters like that. Why do you not
send them to school?" Sometimes he becomes very angry with them. But
villagers love him. He asks them to keep their houses clean, drink clean
water and eat fresh food.

42 Oasis Social Studies & Creative Arts-3

There is a very important person in my village. She does not live here.
But she visits us from time to time. Her name is Charimaya Tamang. We
call her Chari Auntie. Charimaya was born in my village in 1976. Her
family was very poor. So she left school. When her father died she was
only 15. Then there was nobody to take care of her.

There is something very sad about my village. Deepak sir says many
girls from this village were sold to brothels in India. Bad men came to
the village and when they saw young girls they said, "We will give you
jobs in Kathmandu." Poor girls believed them and went with them. But
in the end the bad men took the girls to India and sold them in brothels.

Chari auntie was also sold
in Mumbai. She was only 16
at that time. The people who
bought her made her do very
dirty work. When she did not
agree, they beat her badly.
For her it was like living in
hell. She cried and cried but
nobody helped her. She spent
22 years there. Then one day
some police helped her run
away from that place. When
she became free, she came
back to this village. She told
her sad story to the police.
Police arrested the bad men
who had sold her in India.

And those bad men were put in jail.

Since then she has been working to stop girl trafficking. Girl trafficking
means buying and selling of young girls. This is a sin and crime. She
comes to this village and tells everyone not to believe the bad men. She
tells them to send daughters to school. She has been fighting against bad
practices.

Oasis Social Studies & Creative Arts-3 43

Chari auntie has become very famous now. In July 2011, she was given
the award of Hero Acting to End Modern-Day Slavery by US Secretary
of State Hillary Clinton. Now she is famous all over the world. Now we
respect her so much for her hard work. But we are sad that such a nice
woman had to live a very hard life.
Charimaya auntie has opened an organization. It is called Shakti Samuha.
This organization works for women who are sold into slavery. It helps
the girls return home. It also provides them with work and place to live.
Shakti Samuha has 150 members. It is looking after 500 girls. Deepak
sir says we have to learn a lot from Chari Auntie. Like her, we should
work for the society. We should work against poverty, illiteracy and bad
practices.

Free the Words

brothel : a place where, women are forced to sell their
bodies
job : work
hell : the place where bad people live
jail : prison
trafficking : buying or selling something illegally
sin : that is totally bad and wrong
organization : group of people, a system
slavery : making somebody work by force

In-class Activities

When you grow up, what kind of social work would you do? Why?
Write a few sentences describing your future work.

44 Oasis Social Studies & Creative Arts-3

Exercise

1. Name two good men/women other than those given in the
table who have done good work for the society.

Name of good men/women Their work for society
a. Charimaya Tamang
b. Deepak Sir
c.
d.
e.

2. Here is a list of activities. Write against each activity 'Social
work' or 'Personal work'.

a. Helping in a social gathering or meeting

b. Cooking at home

c. Repairing a well, tap, etc. in the public place

d. Planting trees in bare hills

e. Buying vegetables for the family

f. Taking sick people to a hospital

3. Social work is something that is done for the benefit of a society.
Anti-social work harms the society. Which of the following are
social and anti-social work?

a. Throwing rubbish in the streets
b. Donating blood
c. Cleaning the roads and lanes
d. Littering the school ground, park
e. Encouraging people to send their children to school
f. Smoking in the public place

Oasis Social Studies & Creative Arts-3 45

4. Answer these questions.
a. What does Deepak sir do on Fridays?
b. What does he tell the villagers about cleanliness?
c. Where was Charimaya Tamang born?
d. How old was she when she was sold in Bombay?
e. What did she do when she became free?
f. What is girl trafficking?
g. Where does Charimaya work these days?
h. What does Shakti Samuha do?

5. Write a paragraph about a person who has done a lot of social
service.

.........................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................
........................................................................................................

Projects for Unit Two

1. Suppose that you have a guest at home. How would you offer
him good hospitality? Write in a short paragraph.

2. Naming ceremony is an important part of every culture. Write
about naming ceremony/ritual observed in your culture. Ask
your parents for details.

3. Your school is a service organization. Ask your class teacher/
principal for details and complete the information chart below.

46 Oasis Social Studies & Creative Arts-3

School's name : ...........................................................................
Chairman : ...........................................................................
Principal : ...........................................................................
Teachers
a. ...........................................................................
b. ...........................................................................
c. ...........................................................................
d. ...........................................................................
e. ...........................................................................

Unit Revision

In this unit, we have learnt that:

• we greet each other with proper salutations.
• Namaste, hello, and hi are some ways of greeting.
• every culture has its own way of greeting each other.
• to greet others is to show respect.
• there are many languages spoken in Nepal; each language has

its own words of greetings.
• festivals are ways of celebrating life; each culture has its own

festivals.
• Dashain, Tihar, Id, Chhath, Lhosar, and Christmas are main

festivals celebrated in Nepal.
• we respect and celebrate each other’s festivals.
• there are some bad customs and practices in our society; we

should fight against such bad practices.
• we must respect and learn from people who have done great

work for the society.
Oasis Social Studies & Creative Arts-3 47

Test Your Knowledge

1. Go through the calendar and find out the month in which
the following festivals fall.

Festival Month

Dashain

Tihar
Lhosar

Id

Buddhajayanti

Chhath
Christmas

Gaura Parva

Sarashwoti Puja
Father's Day

Mother's Day

Teacher's Day

Children's Day
Udhauli

2. Alisha listed the following activities done by her parents in
the community.

• Help constructing the local road
• Donating books to the school library
• Organizing cleanliness campaign
• Donating blood
• Organizing local fare
• Raising awareness about girls' education

48 Oasis Social Studies & Creative Arts-3

Now ask your parents about their contributions and list out in the
similar way.

..................................... .................................. ....................................

..................................... .................................. ....................................

3. Answer these questions.
a. What will you do when you see a stranger at your home?
b. What do the following words mean?

Jojolappa, Namaste, Salam Alikum and Phyafulla
c. Which festival do you like the most?
d. Write the name of two organizations similar to Shakti Samuha.

4. How do you celebrate the following festivals?

Festivals Way of celebrating
Dashain • Worshipping goddess Durga
• Receiving Tika and blessings from elders
Tihar • Eating delicious food

Buddha Jayanti

Christmas

Id

Holi

5. List out some good work that your parents have done for
your community.
a. ............................................................................................................
b. ............................................................................................................
c. ............................................................................................................

Oasis Social Studies & Creative Arts-3 49

Unit Social Problems and
Their Solutions
3

In this unit, we will:

• be able to identify social problems.
• be able to find solutions to major social problems.
• learn about disability; learn to respect and accept disability.
• learn the value of helping others.
• learn the importance of social work to solve problems.
• learn about false beliefs and bad social practices.
• be able to avoid bad practices; be able to raise awareness against bad

social practices.

50 Oasis Social Studies & Creative Arts-3