Social Studies 3

Lesson Disabled are
Differently Able
3.1

Pre-reading Activities

Can you solve the following puzzle? All words are related to disability.
1

23

4

Across
4. blind people can easily read this book
Down
1. a person who cannot see
2. you need this to walk if you have problem in your legs
3. a person who cannot hear

Oasis Social Studies & Creative Arts-3 51

Reading

Some people have
physical problems. They
cannot walk because
they don't have right or
left leg. Or they cannot
see because they are
blind. Or they cannot
hear. Such people are
called disabled. Disability
happens if some parts
of body do not work
properly. Or when some
parts of their body are
injured. People with disability cannot do all the things. For example, a
blind person cannot see. But the person can think and walk. A blind
person can also read. Such persons need other's help. Likewise, some
people cannot walk. But they can read, write, think, etc. So, such people
are not disable. Actually, they are able to do things differently.

Here is a short story

In a small village of Dolakha, there lived four boys. Roshan, Raman,
Ratan and Rupesh. They studied in grade III. But each of them had a
problem. Roshan was blind. But he could sing beautifully. He could
identify people by feeling and hearing them speak. Raman could see
but his hands didn't work. Yet he could read and write. He turned
pages with the toes. And he could also write with them. Ratan could
not hear. He could not speak either. But he was very clever. He talked
by using signs. He could draw very good pictures. Rupesh helped
Roshan, Raman and Ratan. Rupesh felt that he didn't know enough.
But his handwriting was beautiful.

52 Oasis Social Studies & Creative Arts-3

One day, different competitions were organized in school. Roshan,
Raman, Ratan and Rupesh also took part. In singing competition,
Roshan stood first. Raman won the race. In painting competition,
Ratan won the first prize. And in handwriting, Rupesh was the best.
Then they realized that they were better than others.

Many people live in a society. They are not the same. Some are rich
while others are poor. Some people don't have any problem with their
bodies. But some people cannot walk, some cannot see with either eye.
Some are injured in accidents. Some people are born with disability.
But every person is able to do something well. Every person has some
special talent and quality. Every person is able. So we should not look
down upon "disabled" people. They are not disabled. They are able to do
things differently.

Free the Words

disability : being unable to use body properly

injure : harm, hurt

look down upon : scorn; belittle

In-class Activities

Get into small groups and discuss in how many ways you can help
the persons below.

Oasis Social Studies & Creative Arts-3 53

Exercise

1. Match the definitions in A with words in B.

A B

Person who cannot walk or stand, etc. Hearing - impaired

Person who cannot hear Speech - impaired

Person who cannot speak Visually - impaired

Person who cannot think properly Physically - impaired

Person who cannot see Mentally - impaired

2. Fill in the blanks.
a. Disability happens when ......................................................... .
b. People with disability are also called .................................... .
c. A crippled person cannot ....................................................... .
d. Physically-challenged people are able to do things ................. .
e. Each person has ..................................................................... .

3. Name the helping tools below and write their use to help the
disabled people.

a. Wheel chair b. ............................ c. ............................

e.g. This is a wheel chair.
It is used by a person whose legs don't work.
It helps them move around.

54 Oasis Social Studies & Creative Arts-3

4. Write True or False against the statements below.

a. Physically-challenged people are really disabled.
b. A lame person cannot walk but he can read and write.
c. Roshan was deaf.
d. Raman helped himself with his feet.
e. Ratan could sing beautifully.
f. We should not disregard disabled people.
5. Answer these questions.
a. Who are people with disability?
b. How do disabled people do things differently?
c. What was Ratan's problem? What was he good at?
d. Who won the singing competition?
e. Why shouldn't we disregard disabled people?
6. How should we help mentally impaired persons?

a. hand over him/her to his/her family
........................................................................................................

........................................................................................................

........................................................................................................

........................................................................................................
7. Talk to a person with disability you know and write how it

happened to him/her.

a. ................................................................................................

b. ................................................................................................

c. ................................................................................................

Oasis Social Studies & Creative Arts-3 55

Lesson Helping the
Helpless
3.2

Pre-reading Activities

Imagine you are walking on
the way. You have got some
lunch money with you. If a
beggar asks you for money,
what will you do? Is it a
good idea to give money to
a beggar? Think of these
questions and share your
ideas with the class.

Reading

In the previous lesson, we learned about
Roshan, Raman, Ratan and Rupesh.
They are boys with disabilities. Disabled
people need our help. And we must help
them in whatever ways we can.

If you see a blind person trying to cross
the road, you should hold the person's
hand and take the person across the
road. Similarly, if you see a person on a
wheelchair, you can push the chair for

56 Oasis Social Studies & Creative Arts-3

him or her. It is not that only disabled
people need our help. Some people may
fall sick. We should help them, too.

A person becomes helpless because of
being disabled, or losing parents, or being
very poor. A sick person is also a helpless
person. When somebody is sick in our
family, we should help the sick by giving
medicine and food. If we meet an orphan we should help the child by
giving food and shelter.

Being helpless is a very bad experience. Nobody wants to be helpless.
But something very bad happens and people lose many things. Some
lose their parents. Some have their houses and property washed away
by floods. Some have nobody to take care, some are too old to take care
of themselves. We should be kind to such people. We should show our
love to them.

Free the Words

disabled : unable to walk, see, hear
helpless : one who needs the help of others
orphan : a child who has lost both parents
property : house, land, etc.

In-class Activities

Pair up with a partner. Pretend that you need help for something.
Your partner decides whether to help or not. Think about it first. And
then enact the scene in the class.
Example:
Student A : I just ran out of ink. Can you lend me your pen?
Student B : I would love to. But, I have only one pen. And I
need it right now.

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Exercise

1. Match help-activities in A with the helpless in B.

Give something to eat flood-victims
Help the person go across the street sick person
Give them food and clothes orphan
Give medicine blind person
Take home and give shelter beggar

2. Write True or False against each statement below.

a. Disabled people are helpless.
b. Helpless people are also disabled.
c. A blind person should be helped to walk.
d. We should give medicine to a sick person.
e. Being helpless is a very bad experience.

3. Answer these questions.

a. What should you do if you see a blind person trying to cross
the road?

b. When does a person become helpless?
c. How should we help a sick person?
d. What should we do to an orphan?
e. How do people become helpless?

4. When was the last time you helped someone? What did you
do to help the person?

58 Oasis Social Studies & Creative Arts-3

Lesson False Beliefs; Bad
Practices
3.3

Pre-reading Activities

Read the news item below. Then, discuss the questions.

Sep 8, 2015- An old man was meted • According to the news, what
out inhumane treatment by his happened?
neighbours on charge of practicing •
witchcraft in Gada-9, Siraha district. Do you believe in witchcraft?
They have accused Ram Sufal Yadav, • Ghost? Or, anything like that?
50, of using magic spell to kill a child,
according to a local Ram Bilas Yadav. • If you were a villager of Gada
village, what would you do?
The Kathmandu Post Why?

What can we do to stop such
incidents?

Reading

There are some false things in which 59
we believe. Sometimes, we believe in
them without finding out if they are
true or not. For example, some believe
that a woman can be a witch. She can
kill or make people very ill by means
of her spells. Some also believe that it
is a bad sign if we see a person carrying
an empty pitcher when we are about

Oasis Social Studies & Creative Arts-3

to begin a journey. All these are examples of false beliefs. Sometimes
we tend to believe in false ideas. Believing in false practice is called
superstition. Superstition is a wrong belief that cannot be explained by
science. It is a belief that certain events bring good or bad luck.

Superstition is a bad idea. It causes the society to practise bad customs.
So we should not believe in superstition.
Still, in many communities in Nepal,
people follow bad customs. Let us talk
about some of them.

Untouchability: Untouchability is a
practice of not allowing the so called
low-caste persons to enter the house of
so called high caste people. Low-caste
people are often treated very badly by high caste people. It is a very bad
practice. We should not support this. Though we have different castes,
we are all human beings.

Child marriage: In some places of Nepal, children are married when they
are very young. They can be seven or eight years of age like you. When
they are married, they do not
know the meaning of marriage.
Surely, this is a very bad practice.
It must come to an end.

Dowry system : In many places,
people follow dowry system.
Dowry is property like land, TV
set, motorbike and money which
a bride brings to her husband’s
house at marriage. Only rich people can give dowry to their daughters.
Poor people cannot. Some families treat their daughters-in-law very
badly if they do not bring dowry. Some women are even killed. It is
another very bad practice. We should end it.

We should all work together to eliminate superstitions and bad customs.
They make the society a bad place for many people.

60 Oasis Social Studies & Creative Arts-3

Free the Words

witch : woman thought to possess black magic

pitcher : a mug, a jar

superstition : traditional belief without reason

customs : traditional behaviour

eliminate : to end, to remove

In-class Activities

Look at the following pictures and write what people are doing. Also
write whether these activities show good or bad practices.

........................... ........................... ........................... ...........................
........................... ........................... ........................... ...........................

Exercise

1. Write True or False against each statement below. 61
a. We believe in things without finding out if they are
true or not.
b. Believing in false ideas is a superstition.
c. Superstition makes society developed.
d. Superstition is the cause of bad customs in a society.
e. Untouchability means not touching anyone.
f. Dowry system has advantages.

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2. Fill in the blanks with the correct words from the lesson.

a. Superstition is a ......................... that cannot be explained by
science.

b. ....................... is a practice of not letting low caste persons enter
the house of high caste people.

c. We should not believe in untouchability because though we
have different castes, we................................. .

d. Dowry is ......................... that the bride brings to her husband’s
house at marriage.

e. Superstitions and bad customs make society .................... .

3. Answer these questions.
a. Give two examples of false beliefs.
b. What is superstition?
c. What is untouchability?
d. Why shouldn't we believe in untouchability?
e. What is dowry system?
f. Why is dowry system bad for the society?

Projects for Unit Three

1. Compose a dialogue between you and your friend with
disability in which you help him/her.

You : Hello, Arun, let me help you carry your bag.
Friend :
You : Oh, thanks.

........................ ..........................

Friend : I live in ............................ .

You : I will go with you upto your home.
Friend : ............................... . See you.

62 Oasis Social Studies & Creative Arts-3

2. Write a short paragraph on what you can do to end
untouchability in your society.

........................................................................................................
........................................................................................................
........................................................................................................
........................................................................................................
3. Ask your grandfather/grandmother about superstitions.

Then write what they say in the given space.
........................................................................................................
........................................................................................................
........................................................................................................
........................................................................................................

Unit Revision

In this unit, we have learned that:

• there are people with disability in our society.
• people with disability have some problems such as not being able to

hear, see, walk, or talk.
• people with disability can do a lot of work; they are able to do things

differently.
• we should not look down upon disabled persons; we should respect

and help them.
• many people in our community need help because of bad health, old

age, or poverty.
• we must help people who need our help.
• we should not believe in something without a good reason.
• beliefs without reasons are called false beliefs or superstitions.
• we must not believe in superstitions such as witchcraft.
• we also have many bad practices in our society such as dowry.
• we must raise awareness against false beliefs and bad social practices.

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Test Your Knowledge

1. Write down the following under the columns 'May lead to
disability' and 'Save from disability'.

Use zebra crossing and overhead bridge to cross the road; Do not play
with fire; Play around rivers and ponds; Do not rush; Eat everything
when you are sick; Always use foothpath while walking; Run on the
road; Climb on a tree; Play on the rooftop; Do not touch the electric wires

May lead to disability Save from disability

2. Think of a bad practice in your community and write about it.

3. Answer these questions.

a. How can you help someone with mental disorder?

b. How can you help a helpless person?

c. How would you feel when someone says 'I do not eat the
things touched by you'?

d. What can you do to eliminate false beliefs and bad practices in
your community?

4. What do you call these people?

a. One who cannot see .................................

b. One who cannot walk .................................

c. One who cannot hear .................................

d. One who cannot speak .................................

e. One who needs help .................................

f. One who cannot think properly .................................

g. One who needs to visit a hospital for health check-up ......................

64 Oasis Social Studies & Creative Arts-3

Unit Civic Sense

4

In this unit, we will:

• learn to speak politely; help people who need it.
• learn about natural resources; water, forest, and minerals are natural

resources.
• understand the importance of natural resources.
• learn the importance of preserving natural resources.
• identify traffic signs; learn road rules to stay safe on the road.
• be able to read notices and recognize important events and days.
• learn about child rights; be able to exercise child rights.

Oasis Social Studies & Creative Arts-3 65

Lesson

4.1 Helping Others

Pre-reading Activities

Pair up with your partner. Let’s play a game of helping others.

Pretend that your partner needs help. You offer help to him or her.
Enact it several times in front of the
class.

Example:

Student A : You look worried. What

happened?

Student B : I lost my pencil today.

Student A : No worry. I have an extra. You can use it.

Student B : Thank you so much!

Reading

Today has been a very interesting day for
Gaurav. On his way home from school,
he saw a tourist. He was looking into a
map. He looked lost. "May be he lost the
way," Gaurav thought. He went up to the
tourist. He said, "Execuse me, can I help
you?" "Oh that would be very kind of
you," the tourist said.

"Can you tell me the way to Thamel?
I seem to have lost my way," he said.

66 Oasis Social Studies & Creative Arts-3

Gaurav knew the way because his home was also there. Gaurav said,
"Please, come with me; I'll guide you to Thamel." The tourist followed
him. When they reached Thamel, the tourist was very happy. "Thank
you so much for help. Without your help, I would be lost," the tourist
said. "It's my pleasure, Sir," Gaurav said. "You are a very good boy.
What's your name?" The tourist asked. "My name is Gaurav KC, I study
in Grade III," Gaurav replied and asked, "May I know where you are
from?" "I am from America. My name is Alex," the tourist said. When
he heard the word America he wanted to ask him for help. His English
teacher had asked him to write a short essay on Abraham Lincoln. Gaurav
knew Lincoln was an American president. But he didn't know much. So
he decided to ask Alex. "Would you mind telling me something about
Abraham Lincoln?" Gaurav asked.
"Not at all," the tourist said and began to tell him about Lincoln.
"Abraham Lincoin was ... ," When Alex finished, Gaurav thanked him.
Alex was happy with Gaurav. Gaurav was happy with Alex. "It's been a
happy day for me," Gaurav said to himself.

Free the Words

interesting : holding attention
tourist : a person visiting a new place
follow : to go along a road, path

In-class Activities

Suppose that you are in the following situations. How would you
offer or ask for help.
a. You were going home but you lost your way. You met a stranger.
b. You see an old man trying to carry a bag. He is unable to do so.
c. You have lost your pencil in the class.
d. The friend sitting next to you suddenly looks sick.

Oasis Social Studies & Creative Arts-3 67

Exercise

1. Fill in the blanks.

a. While Gaurav was returning home he saw ......................... .
b. The tourist was ...................................................................... .
c. ...................................................... Gaurav asked the tourist.
d. The tourist wanted to go to ................................................ .
e. Gaurav had to write an essay on......................................... .
f. It had been ................................................... day for Gaurav.

2. Answer these questions.

a. What was the tourist doing when Gaurav saw him?
b. What had happened to the tourist?
c. What was the tourist's name? Where had he come from?
d. What did Gaurav ask Alex about?
e. What had Gaurav's teacher asked him to do?
f. Why were Gaurav and Alex happy?

3. Here are some expressions which we use to ask for and
offer help. Complete the following using correct statements.

a. Shall I carry your bag for you?
......................................................................................................... .
b. Can you lend me your note-book for today?
......................................................................................................... .
c. Thank you for being kind to me.
......................................................................................................... .
d. It's my pleasure.
......................................................................................................... .
e. Would you mind telling me about Laxmi Prasad Devkota?
......................................................................................................... .

4. How would you introduce yourself to someone who is totally
unknown to you?

68 Oasis Social Studies & Creative Arts-3

Lesson

4.2 Natural Resources

Pre-reading Activities

Take a few minutes. Think of the following questions. Then, share
your views with the class.
• Where does the water you drink come from? What is its source?
• Where does the furniture you use come from? What is its source?
• Where does the paper you use come from? What is it made of?
• What will happen if all these sources dry up?

Reading

There are many man-made
things in the world. TV
set, computer, aeroplane,
refrigerator, etc. are the man-
made things. Other things are
not made by man. Is the sky
man-made? No. Is water made
by man? No. Is soil made by
man? Similarly, are trees made
by men? No. Things like forest,
water, land, etc. are always
there but they are not made
by man. We call such things
natural resources. Natural resources are things like soil, forest, water,
land, mineral, etc. Natural resources exist in nature by themselves.

Oasis Social Studies & Creative Arts-3 69

Every natural resource is
important for us.

Water is an important
natural resource. We
cannot live without water.
Animals, birds and plants
need water. We use water
for many purposes. We
use water to cook food,
wash clothes and irrigate
farmlands. Water is used
to produce electricity.

Where do we get water from? Rain, river, well, lake, pond, etc. are the
sources of water. We
should protect these
sources. We should
keep the wells, ponds,
rivers, lakes clean.
We should not throw
rubbish in these
places.

Land is as important as
water. Human beings,
animals, insects, etc.
live on land. Plants,
trees grow on land. We make houses, schools, offices on land. We grow
crops like maize, rice, wheat on land. Without land where would we
live? We should keep land safe. Floods and landslides fragment land.
We should not use chemicals on land. Chemicals make land less fertile.

You may be thinking what is forest good for. It is the shelter for wild
animals. It is wrong to think like that. Forests are also important. Actually
a forest is a big land which is covered with trees and bushes. Just as land is
our home, forest is home for trees, wild animals, birds, insects, etc. Forest
gives us wood and timber from which we make houses and furniture.

70 Oasis Social Studies & Creative Arts-3

Different kinds of

medicinal herbs come

from forest. Very

beautiful flowers like

rhododendron are

also found in forest.

Elephants, deer, bears,

tigers, lions, etc. live in

the forest. Some people

are careless. They cut

down trees. But we

should save forests.

Forests can bring rain. Forests can also stop floods, landslides, and soil

erosion.

Forest, water and land are natural resources which we can see. Some
natural resources are found under ground. We may not see them. They
are minerals. Minerals are substances like iron, copper, gold, salt, oil,
limestone, etc. They are found on or under the earth. Jewellery, pots
and other tools are made from minerals. Minerals are important to run
industries and factories.

Our life will be very hard without natural resources. We should protect
all the natural resources. We should not waste them.

Oasis Social Studies & Creative Arts-3 71

Free the Words

purpose : aim, function

irrigate : to supply water to land, plants

rubbish : waste material

flood : an overflow of water

landslide : a large mass of rocks and soil coming down from

hill or mountain

fragment : break

chemicals : harmful substances

fertile : good for plants

soil erosion : the washing away of upper part of soil by water

or wind

jewellery : ornaments: rings, necklaces, etc.

In-class Activities

Match the following: Made from minerals
Tap, pond Land
Ring, necklaces Water
House of wildlife Forest

House of human beings

Exercise

1. Write True or False against each statement below.
a. Natural resources are man-made things.
b. Natural resources exist in nature.
c. The sky is made by man.

72 Oasis Social Studies & Creative Arts-3

d. We cannot live without water.
e. We use water only to cook food and wash clothes.
f. We should protect sources of water.
g. Chemicals make land more fertile.
h. Forest is important only for wild animals.
i. We get different kinds of herbs from forests.
j. Minerals are found under earth.

k. We can live without natural resources.

2. Answer these questions.

a. What are natural resources? Give some examples.
b. Why is water important?
c. What do we use water for?
d. What are the sources of water?
e. Why is land important?
f. What do we grow on land? Why should chemicals not be used

in land?
g. What is a forest? Why is it important?
h. Why should we save forests?
i. How are minerals different from water, land and forest?
j. What are made from minerals?
k. Why should we protect natural resources?

3. Draw a picture of a forest.

4. Some natural resources are given below. How should we
conserve them?

Natural Resource Way of conserving
i. soil
ii. forest
iii. water

Oasis Social Studies & Creative Arts-3 73

Lesson Road Rules and
Traffic Signs
4.3

Pre-reading Activities

What colour do you like the most? Sometimes colours and signs mean
something. Have you noticed colour signs as you walk in the streets?
What does red mean? What does yellow mean? What does green
mean? What do you do when you see each of these colours flash out
at the crossing?

Reading

Cities and towns are full of signs, posters, pamphlets, hoarding boards,
etc. In big cities, there is nobody to explain the rules. Rules are put in
signs, and signals. They are written on notices and posters. We should be
able to know the meaning of the signs and signals. Otherwise, we may
get into problem.

74 Oasis Social Studies & Creative Arts-3

The most visible signs are traffic signals. We should know what they
mean.

Signs:

Park your vehicles here.

Parking is not allowed.
Do not blow horns.

Do not take vehicles inside.

Pedestrians cannot walk
through this place.

Traffic lights: Smoking is prohibited.

Stop your vehicles.
Wait for sometime.
Vehicles can go ahead.

Oasis Social Studies & Creative Arts-3 75

Other important signs:

Do not cross the road.

You can cross the road.

This is an important sign for us. You may
have seen black and white strips on the
road. This area is called zebra crossing.
Zebra crossing is a place from where we
should cross the road. We must look right
and left before we cross the road.

Free the Words

pamphlet : a piece of paper that has information about something

hoarding board : a board used for showing information about

something

pedestrian : person walking in the street

prohibited : not allowed

strip : mark, pattern

In-class Activities

Divide the class into small groups. Each group prepares a list of
“do's” and “don’ts." Then, discuss among yourselves and assign a
sign to each “do's” and “don’ts.” Draw these signs on a blank page.
Then display them in the right place.

76 Oasis Social Studies & Creative Arts-3

Exercise

1. Match the expressions with correct signs.

a. I cannot cross the road here.
b. Nobody can park his car in this area.
c. I can cross the road.
d. Smoking is prohibited.
e. I can park my motorbike here.
f. I cannot drive ahead.

2. Answer these questions.

a. Where should you cross the road from?
b. What tells us about rules in big cities and towns?
c. What is zebra crossing?
d. Who are pedestrians?
3. Write rules for the following signs.

a. b. c.
Oasis Social Studies & Creative Arts-3 77
a.
b.
c.

Lesson

4.4 Posters and Notice
Boards

Pre-reading Activities

Before you begin the class, walk out in small groups. Visit the place
where school notice board is set. Read what’s there on the board.
Copy a message you like the best. Come to class and discuss what a
notice board does. Why do we need a notice board at our school?

Reading

On the notice board of Pooja's
school, a notice has been put
on. It says: The school will be
closed for fifteen days on the
occasion of Dashain. Classes
will resume on September 10."
Pooja is happy to know about
the holidays.
On her way home, she saw
a poster on a street wall. The
poster was about a Nepali
movie: Bhanubhakta. The
poster also said this movie was
important for students. Pooja
knows about Bhanubhakta.
He was the first major poet of

78 Oasis Social Studies & Creative Arts-3

Nepal. "I'll ask my dad to take me to
watch this movie," she thought.

A few meters ahead, she saw another
poster. "Dashain fair: Children's
clothes at discount prices," it said.
She thought she would have her
mother buy her some clothes in the
fair. Today Pooja has understood the
importance of reading notices and
posters.

Free the Words

resume : begin again
poster : notice / information
poet : a person who writes poems
discount : to lower the price

In-class Activities

Find out whose birthday is today or coming soon. Then, write a notice
about the birthday or just a “happy birthday message” on a page
and paste it on the notice board of your classroom. Continue putting
notices related to class on the board throughout the year.

Oasis Social Studies & Creative Arts-3 79

Exercise

1. State if the following are True or False.
a. Pooja's school will be closed for a week.
b. Her school is closed because of strike.
c. It reopens on September 10.
d. Bhanubhakta is a movie actor.
e. She'll ask her mother to buy clothes at Dashain Fair.

2. Answer these questions.
a. What does the school notice say?
b. Why is Pooja's school going to be closed?
c. Why does Pooja want to see Bhanubhakta?
d. What does the poster about Dashain Fair say?

3. Look up a notice on your school notice board and write the
message in three sentences.

a.
b.
c.

4. Prepare placards (notices posted in public place) that give
information about the rules to be followed by the students
at school. Display them inside the classroom, outside the
bathroom and in the garden.

80 Oasis Social Studies & Creative Arts-3

Lesson Know the Child
Rights
4.5

Pre-reading Activities

Look at the picture of a child at
work. Do you think it is good for
the child to work at a very young
age? Why do you think they are
working? What should they be
doing, instead?

Reading

You and your friends in class may be happy with everything. You go to
school. Your parents love you. You are given good food to eat. You are
given good clothes to wear. It is because your parents know your rights.
They know the importance of child rights.

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Every child like you needs to grow well. They need to get an opportunity
to study. But it is possible only when children are given their rights.
Some people do not care about child rights. Some parents are also very
unkind to children. May be you have heard about them.

They do not give children proper food.
They do not give them good clothes
to wear. They call the children bad
names. They beat them very badly.
Some parents throw their children out
of home. Then the children become
homeless. They learn bad habits. Also
some schools give children physical
punishment.

All children should know that these are
the examples of violation of children's
rights. Children should know their
rights. As children you have the
following rights:

a. Right to food b. Right to clothing
c. Right to love and care d. Right to shelter (a home)
e. Right to education f. Right to play
g. Right to health care h. Right to entertainment.

Children should not only think about their rights. They should be aware
of their duties and responsibilities. Children's duties are listed below:

a. study, play, eat and sleep at proper time
b. keep oneself neat and tidy
c. share things with others
d. respect elders, love younger children
e. help other people in need
f. not use bad words

82 Oasis Social Studies & Creative Arts-3

Free the Words

opportunity : chance
violation : breaking of rule/law
entertainment : fun
responsibility : something that you should do

In-class Activities

Look at the pictures below and write two lines for each picture. State
what is happening and say whether the picture shows violation or
respect for children’s right.

........................................ ........................................
........................................ ........................................
......................................... .........................................

........................................ ........................................
........................................ ........................................
......................................... .........................................

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Exercise

1. Fill in the blanks.
a. Every child needs to ........................................................... .
b. Some people do not care about ......................................... .
c. Beating children is violation of ........................................... .
d. Children should be aware of .............................................. .
e. To respect elders is .............................................. of a child.

2. Answer these questions.
a. When is it possible for a child to grow well?
b. Why do some children become homeless?
c. Give two examples of violation of children's rights.
d. Should a child only think about his or her rights?
e. Why are some parents unkind to their children?

3. Write down the rights of children.

.................................................. ..............................................................
.................................................. ..............................................................
.................................................. ..............................................................
.................................................. ..............................................................

4. Write down the duties of children.

.................................................. ..............................................................

.................................................. ..............................................................

.................................................. ..............................................................

.................................................. .............................................................

84 Oasis Social Studies & Creative Arts-3

5. Look at the list of rights and duties again and write which of
the rights and duties are observed at your school and which
are at home.

At home At school

Projects for Unit Four

1. How do you take help from your uncle or an elder family
member at home? Write four things you do for your uncle
and five things your uncle does for you.

2. Make a list of natural resources available in your community.
a. ...........................................................................................................
b. ...........................................................................................................
c. ...........................................................................................................
d. ...........................................................................................................
e. ...........................................................................................................

3. Suppose your class is going on an educational tour. Write a
notice and paste it on the notice board of your school.
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................

4. Make pamphlets using different slogans such as "Preserve
public properties", Drink clean water", "Do not litter
everywhere", etc.

Oasis Social Studies & Creative Arts-3 85

Unit Revision

In this unit, we have learned that:

• helping others is to help ourselves.
• land, water, forest, minerals are natural resources; they are the

gifts of nature to us.
• we need natural resources to develop our country; but we should

also preserve natural resources.
• we find a lot of signs, notice boards, or posters in cities and

towns; they provide us with useful information.
• rules such as traffic rules are put out in signs; we must be able to

understand the meaning of signs.
• we should follow traffic rules while driving; we should also

follow road rules while walking in the streets.
• we must use zebra crossing or overhead bridges to cross the road.
• posters and notice boards also provide useful information.
• we get facts and information from such displays.
• children have special rights; these rights include food, safety,

shelter, education, and entertainment.
• to deny rights to children is a crime; we should report if we see

child rights being violated.

Test Your Knowledge

1. Given below is a jumble of letters. Circle letters that form
the word related to natural resources.

a s o nwq s p q r s t
kwa t e r o t l a nd
pmn r t o i r i v e r
mi ne r a l andpq
c s qend f o r e s t

86 Oasis Social Studies & Creative Arts-3

2. How do you speak to someone who is totally unknown to
you? Write few sentences.

Your name, please .................................................................................
..................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................

Thank you

3. Make a list of rules that students must follow at school and
while walking on the road.

At school On the road

Ex. He/she should come in time.

a. .......................................... a. ..........................................

b. .......................................... b. ..........................................

c. .......................................... c. ..........................................

4. Answer these questions.
a. How do you feel when you help others?
b. Draw a picture of traffic lights.
c. What is a notice board?
d. Why do children need rights?

5. How are these natural resources useful to us?
a. land ................................................................................................
b. water ..............................................................................................
c. forest ..............................................................................................
d. minerals.........................................................................................

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Unit Our Earth

5

In this unit, we will :

• learn about landforms in our surroundings.
• learn to read and draw maps.
• be able to identify the land structure and geography of our location.
• be able to describe geography and life-style of the people living in a

location.
• learn about Rural Municipality.
• learn about municipality.
• learn to find directions to and from a location.
88 Oasis Social Studies & Creative Arts-3

Lesson My Rural
Municipality
5.1

Pre-reading Activities

Do you live in a village or a town? Is your home in a municipality or
in a Rural Municipality? What is the name of your municipality or
Rural Municipality?

Reading

My name is Santosh

Subedi. I live in

Tripura Sundari

Rural Municipality

in Sindhupalchowk

district. A Rural

Municipality is an

administrative unit

of a district. Tripura

Sundari Rural

Municipality has

nine wards. I live

in ward No. 5. My

Rural Municipality

is surrounded by

Dolakha district in the east, Barabhise Municipality in the north,

Lishankhu and Sunkoshi Rural Municipality in the south and Balefi and

Sunkoshi Rural Municipality in the west. Almost every ward is linked by

Oasis Social Studies & Creative Arts-3 89

rural roads. There is a local health post in every ward. There are schools
and drinking water facilities.

Each ward of the Rural Municipality has five members. They are Ward
chairperson and four other members. The ward chairperson is the chief
of the ward committee. Of four other members, two members must be
women in which one should be from Dalit community. These members
are elected by people's votes. Election for ward committee takes place
every five years.

The ward committee conducts development works in the village. It
keeps the village clean. It builds roads and streets. It makes public taps,
and schools. It keeps the record of birth, death, marriage and migration
in the village. The Rural Municipality works for people's good.

Free the Words

administrative : of management of public affairs
surround : close all round
municipality : a town with its own governing body
chairperson : president, chief leader
conduct : run, do
migration : moving from one place to other

In-class Activities

What development works are needed in your Rural Municipality or
municipality? Make a list. You may take help from your parents or
elders.
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
90 Oasis Social Studies & Creative Arts-3

Exercise

1. Here is an information form. Fill it up and show it to your
teacher. Give correct details.
Name :........................................................................................................
Permanent address: .....................Rural Municipality/Municipality
Ward .............................................District................................................
Neighbouring Rural Municipalities/Municipalities (at least two)....
.....................................................................................................................
Number of wards......................................................................................
Ward committee :
Chairperson...........................................................
Member...................................................................
Member...................................................................
Member...................................................................
Member..................................................................

2. Tick (√) the correct alternatives.

a. A Rural Municipality is a ........................ administrative body.

i) regional ii) local iii) district

b. Santosh lives in ............................ Rural Municipality.

i) Tripura Sundari ii) Chunikhel iii) Gundu

c. Tripura Sundari has .............................. wards.

i) four ii) five iii) nine

d. A ward has ......................... members.

i) two ii) three iii) five

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3. Answer these questions.
a. What is a Rural Municipality?
b. How many members are there in a Ward Committee?
c. Who is a ward chairperson?
d. Which places are to the east, west, south and north of Tripura
Sundari?
e. How are ward members chosen?

4. What works should you do to develop your ward ? Write any
three.

a. ...........................................................................................
b. ...........................................................................................
c. ...........................................................................................
5. What facilities are there in your ward?

a. ........................................... b. ................................................
c. ........................................... d. ................................................
6. Write down the major works of ward committee.

a. ...........................................................................................
b. ...........................................................................................
c. ...........................................................................................
d. ...........................................................................................
e. ...........................................................................................
7. Write down the major problems of your Rural Municipality/
Municipality.

a. ........................................... b. ................................................
c. ........................................... d. ................................................

92 Oasis Social Studies & Creative Arts-3

Lesson

5.2 Santosh's Village

Pre-reading Activities

Where is your school located? In the Mountain? Hills? Plains?
Step out of your classroom and look around. What do you see?
Mountains? Rivers? Hills? Plains? Make a list of landforms you
notice in and around your school. Talk about it in the class.

Reading

The name of Santosh's village is
Bahrabise. We'll now talk about
the features of Bahrabise.
Bahrabise is located on a hill.
Bhotekoshi and Sunkoshi rivers
flow down the village toward the
south. Bahrabise bazaar stands
on the bank of Bhotekoshi River.
Bhotekoshi flows from the north
and Sunkoshi from the east.
These two are the major rivers
of Sindhupalchowk district in
which Bahrabise village lies.
Bahrabise does not have fertile
soil. Most of the soil in the area
is clayey. The land is not plain.
Farms are made into terraces.

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The major crops of this village are paddy, maize, millet and wheat.
Though not very fertile, Bahrabise is a beautiful village. To its east are
Kalinchowk mountains. These mountains are covered with snow during
the winter. At the base are the rivers and by the side is a thick forest. The
place has moderate climate. It is neither very hot nor very cold.
Bahrabise has mixed population. There are Brahmins, Kshetris, Newars,
and Tamangs. Most of them are Hindus; some are Buddhists. Newars have
taken up trade. Brahmins and other castes are engaged in agriculture.
Nepali is the language spoken by most people.

Free the Words

features : main qualities
fertile : that can produce good crops
clayey : sticky, stiff
terrace : raised land for cultivation
moderate : average
engage : involve

In-class Activities

List all the information you can about your village or town in the
table below.

Name Name of Rural Types of soil Major crops Castes of
Municipality or and climate people who
live in there
Municipality

94 Oasis Social Studies & Creative Arts-3

Exercise

1. Think of your village or town and fill up the gaps below.

The name of my village/town is ...................... . It is ................... (hill/
valley/plain). There's ..................... in its north and ................... in
its south. Most people of my village are ......................... (Hindus/
Buddhists/Christians/Muslims). Majority of the people speak ..............
(Nepali/Newari/Maithili). The main occupation of the people is
............... (agriculture/trade). My village/town has ................. (hot/
cold/moderate) climate. I love my ................. (village/town) a lot.

2. Write True or False against the following.
a. Bahrabise is a valley.
b. Rivers flow down the base of Bahrabise village.
c. The land there is very good for agriculture.
d. Paddy, maize and millet are chief crops of the village.
e. Bahrabise is a very cold place to live in.

3. Answer these questions.
a. Name the rivers that flow down the base of Bahrabise.
b. Which villages border/touch Bahrabise?
c. What kind of soil does Bahrabise have?
d. What are the major crops of that village?
e. Write about the population of Bahrabise.

Oasis Social Studies & Creative Arts-3 95

4. Write a paragraph about the religion and population of your
village/town.

In my village people speak different languages. But the main
language spoken is.......................................................................
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
5. What are the natural and man-made things found in the area
you live in?
a. ........................................... b. ................................................
c. ........................................... d. ................................................
e. ........................................... f. ................................................
6. Compare your village with the neighbouring village.

Example:
a. There is drinking water supply in my village whereas my

neighbouring village does not have drinking water supply.
b. ........................................................................................................
c. ........................................................................................................
d. ........................................................................................................

96 Oasis Social Studies & Creative Arts-3

Lesson

5.3 My Municipality

Pre-reading Activities

Do you live in a town or have you ever visited a town? Make a list
of information about a town that you live in or have recently visited.
Include name, location, names of rivers, lakes, mountains, famous
sites, and what you like the best about the town. Then, read out to the
class.

Reading

I live in Damak Municipality
of Jhapa district. It is one of
the trade centers of my district.
People of different castes,
ethnicity and culture live here.
Basically, Brahmins, Chhetris,
Limbus, Rais, and Dhimals
live in my town. They live
in harmony and cooperate
with each other in need. It is
surrounded by Ratuwa Khola
in the east and Mawa Khola
in the west. The East-West
highway divides it in about
two equal halves. There is a
large Tea Estate in the western
part of my municipality. There

Oasis Social Studies & Creative Arts-3 97

is a forest in the north. There is Krishna Mandir on its western side.
Similarly, Sivalaya Mandir is located in the middle of Damak city. We
can find Damak in the map. To find a place in the map, we must know
the directions.

How to find direction?

It is easy to find directions in the map. Look N

at the map of Damak once again. Try to find

the direction. At the top of the given map N E
is written with an arrow sign, which indicates W

the north direction. Generally, the upper part

of the map indicates the north direction, right

hand side shows the east, left hand side shows S

the west and the bottom is the south. In our

country, it is very easy to find north in the real field because there is the

great Himalayan range in the north of Nepal. If we face the Himalayas,

our right hand side will be the east. Our left hand will be the west. And

our back side will be towards the south.

Free the Words

municipality : town, city
ethnicity : belonging to a particular race, caste
indicate : to show

In-class Activities

Match the following: Features
Direction

North • Right hand side

South • Upper part

East • Left hand side

West • Bottom part

98 Oasis Social Studies & Creative Arts-3

Exercise

1. Fill in the blanks.
a. Damak municipality is in ................... district.
b. Damak is divided by ................. highway into two halves.
c. Sivalaya Mandir is in the ................. of the town.
d. 'N' indicates the ................. direction.
e. There is the great ................. range in the north of Nepal.
f. The ................. part in the map indicates the south direction.

2. Answer these questions.
a. Name the castes the people of Damak belong to.
b. What are the things situated in the western part of the town?
c. Why is it easy to find north in the real field in Nepal?
d. Which direction does your left hand indicate in the map?
e. If you face towards the Himalayas, which direction does your
back indicate?

3. Write a short paragraph describing your town or village.

..........................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................

4. If you face the rising sun:
a. Which direction will you be facing?
b. Which direction does your left hand indicate?
c. Which direction does your right hand show?
d. Which direction does your back indicate?

Oasis Social Studies & Creative Arts-3 99

Projects for Unit Five

1. Write a description about your Rural Municipality or
municipality in the way Santosh's village has been described
and show your report to the teacher.

2. Draw the map of your village/town and colour it.



Unit Revision

In this unit, we have learned that:

• our country is varied in geography; we have mountains, hills,
and plains.

• people’s food habits, customs, cultural practices, and dress ups
are related to the place they live in.

• a map is a drawing that gives a lot of information about a place.
• directions are the most important information in a map; there

are four directions: north, south, east, and west.
• a municipality is an administrative unit like a Rural Municipality;

it looks after the development work of the town.
100 Oasis Social Studies & Creative Arts-3