baikhari Nepali 5

Tof] 9f]sfsf] tfNrfdf ;fFrf] xfn]/ 3d' fOg\ . geGb} 9f]sf v'Nof] . 9f]sf vn' ]sf]
b]v]/ Pln; w]/} v;' L eOg\ .

sf]7faflx/ nfdf] ;'?ª b]lvof] . ;'?ª w]/} g} ;fF3'/f] lyof] . Pln; plePsf]
7fpFaf6 ;?' ªsf] kNnf]5]p b]lvFb}gYof] . lgx/' ]/ x]/] b]lvG5 ls eg]/ Pln;n]
xftn] 6]s]/ lgx'l/Fb} x]l/g\ . geGb} ;?' ªsf] kNnf5]psf] aflx/k6\l6 cToGt}
/fd|f] au}Frf b]lvof] . pgnfO{ To; au}Frfdf hfg dg nfUof] . ToxfF uP/ /fd|f
/fd|f km"n l6Kb} v]Ng] OR5f nfUof] . t/ ;?' ª eg] ;f/} ;fF3/' f] lyof] . pgL olt
;fF3'/f] ;'?ªaf6 eg] l5g{ ;Sg] s/' } lyPg . pgL lgs} a]/;Dd k/af6 au}Frf
x]/]/ al;/lxg\ . cflv/df ToxfF k'Ug] s'g} klg pkfo gb]v]kl5 pgL lvGg
eOg\ . clg 9f]sf aGb u/]/ pgL km]l/ cl3s} sf]7fdf kmls{g\ .

sf]7fdf kmls{;s]kl5 Pln;n] sfFrsf] 6]landfly ;fgf] l;;L b]lvg\ . cl3
;fFrf] lnFbf pgn] Tof] l;;L b]v]sL lyOgg\ . l;;Ldf Pp6f sfut emG' 8\ofPsf]
lyof] . sfutdf 7'N7n' f cIf/df dnfO{ lkpg" eg]/ n]lvPsf] lyof] . Pln;n]
l;;Lsf] lasf]{ vf]lng\ . l;;Lleq kfgLh:tf] ;]tf] emf]n lyof] . pgn] Tof]
clnslt vfOx]l/g\ . emf]n c;fWo} ld7f] lyof] . Pln;n] ca dg yfDg

151 j}v/L sIff %

;lsgg\ . l;;Ldf ePe/sf] emf]n
:jf6\6} lkOlbOg\ . lkO;Sgf;fy
pgnfO{ cg]s y/Lsf cfjfh
;'g]h:tf] nfUof] .

emf]n vfPsf] s]xL a]/d} crDdsf]
s/' f eof] . pgL clncln u/]/
;fgL xg' yflng\ . ;fgL xF'bf xF'bf
pgL cGTodf Ps laQ] -b; OGr]_
Pln; kf] eOg\ . Tof] b]v]/ pgL
cflQFb} lrRofOg\ . t/ ca eg]
pgL ;lhn};Fu Tof] ;?' ªaf6
au}Frfdf hfg ;Sg] eOg\ . Tof]
/dfOnf] au}Frfdf v]Ng kfpg]
ePs}n] pgnfO{ ca 8/eGbf klg v;' L nfUg yfNof] . g cem} ;fgf] kf] xg' ]
xf] ls eg]/ pgL s]xL a]/ ToxLF ple/lxg\ . w]/} ;do lalt;Sbf klg km]l/ ;fgL
x'Fb} gePsLn] pgnfO{ w]/} lk/ nfu]g .

ca Pln;nfO{ au}Frf hfg] xtf/ eof] . pgL xQfl/P/ kbf{ ePsf] 9f]sfdf
kl' ug\ . t/ ;fFrf] eg] pgn] 6]landfly g} /fv]sL lyOg\ . ;fFrf] lng eg] km]l/
6]lanlt/ kms{Fbf t pgL 6]laneGbf c;fWo xf]rL eO;s]sL lyOg\ . 6]lan
t pgLeGbf w]/} cUnf] lyof] . pgn] 6]landflysf] ;fFrf] e]6\6fpg ;lsgg\ .

Pln;n] 6]lansf] v6' \6fdf
;'/]nL v]Nb} dfly k'u]/
;fFrf] lemSg] ljrf/ ul/g\ .
To;/L r9\g nfUbf 6]lansf]
5]pd} /fv]sf] ;fgf] a6\6f
v:of] . 6]lansf] v6' \6f
lrKnf] ePsfn] pgL dfly
kU' g ;lsgg\ .

j}v/L sIff % 152

Pln;n] tn v;]sf] a6\6f vf]n]/ x]l/g\ .
To; a6\6fleq Pp6f ;fgf] /f]6L lyof] / To;
a6\6fdf klg …dnfO{ vfpmÚ egL n]lvPsf]
sfut lyof] . pgn] Tof] /f]6Lsf] Ps 6'qmf
vfOg\ . /f]6Lsf] 6'qmf] vfgf;fy km]l/ csf]{
crDdsf] s'/f eof] . Pln; clncln ub}{
klxnfsf] eGbf klg w]/} cUnL xg' yflng\ .

ænf}, ca dnfO{ s;n] h'Qf nfOb]nf Û
clg df]hf / ;?' jfn lg Û nf} g lg, d]/f
nu' f t ca dnfO{ l7s} xF'b}gg\ ÛÆ eGb} 8/
/ cfZro{n] Pln; lrRofOg\ .

pgL klxnfsf] eGbf bO' { ug' f cUnL eO;s]sL
lyOg\ . 6]landfly /fv]sf] ;fFrf] l6k]/ pgL
bub' }{ 9f]sf vf]Ng uOg\ . 9f]sf vf]n]/ klg
s]xL sfd nfu]g . km]l/ cfkm" w]/} cUnL / df]6L ePsLn] pgsf] xft;Dd klg
To; ;'?ªleq gk:g] eO;s]sf] lyof] . au}Frfdf hfg g;Sg] ePsLn] b'MvL

x'Fb} pgL lrRofP/ ?g yflng\ .

lgs} a]/ /f]O;s]kl5 Pln;n]
cfkm}FnfO{ ;DemfOg\ –æx]/, olt
7n' L eP/ klg ?g nfh nfUb}g <
e} xfNof], r'k nfu\ .Æ t/ klg
pgsf] ?jfO yfldPg . pgL ?Fbf
?Fbf au]sf] cfF;' hd]/ ToxfF lgs}
7n' f] bx g} aGof] . 3fF6L;Dd kfgL
cfOk'u]kl5 dfq 8l' ag] 8/n] pgL
?g 5fl8g\ .

;fef/M cgf}7f] el" ddf Pln; afnsf];]nL k|sfzg

153 j}v/L sIff %

!= dflysf] kf7sf cgR' 5]bx¿ kfn}kfnf] k9 .
@= tnsf zAbx¿ z'4;uF k9 M

5\of;|fSs kTs/ kbf{ b]lvFb}gYof] em'G8\ofPsf] :jf6\6}
cflQFb} lrRofO{ au}Frf ;DemfOg\ a6\6f 6'qmf

#= l7sa]l7s 56' \ofpm M

-s_ Pln; 8/5]?jf s]6L lyOgg\ . ÒÒÒÒÒÒ
-v_ 6]landfly kmnfdsf] ;fFrf] lyof] . ÒÒÒÒÒÒ
-u_ ;'?ªsf] kNnf]k6\l6 Pp6f 7'nf] sf]7f lyof] . ÒÒÒÒÒÒ
-3_ ;'?ª ;f/} ;fF3/' f] lyof] . ÒÒÒÒÒÒ
-ª_ Pln; 9f]sf vn' f u/]/ cl3s} sf]7fdf kmls{g\ . ÒÒÒÒÒÒ
$= tnsf jfSox¿nfO{ !, @, #=======sf qmddf /fvL Pp6f cg'R5b] agfpm M

- _ Pln;n] l;;Lsf] lasf]{ vf]lng\ .
- _ sfutdf 7N' 7'nf cIf/df …dnfO{ lkpg"Ú eGg] n]lvPsf] lyof] .
- _ lkO;Sgf;fy pgnfO{ cg]s y/Lsf cfjfh ;g' ]h:tf] nfUof] .
- ! _ Pln;n] sfFrsf] 6]andfly ;fgf] l;;L b]lvg\ .
- _ pgn] Tof] clnslt vfOx]l/g\ .
- _ l;;Lleq kfgLh:tf] ;]tf] emf]n lyof] .
- _ Pln;n] dg yfDg ;lsgg\ / l;;Ldf ePe/sf] emf]n :jf6\6}

kfl/g\ .
- _ emf]n c;fWo} ld7f] lyof] .
%= ldNg] rflxF 5fgL jfSo k/" f u/ M

-s_ l;;Lsf] emf]n lkPkl5 Pln;ÒÒÒÒÒ
c_ b; OGrsL eOg\ .
cf_ klxn]eGbf bO' { u'gf cUnL eOg\ .
-v_ Pln; ?Fbf?Fbf ÒÒÒÒÒ
c_ pgsf] cfF;'sf] bx g} aGof] .
cf_ pgsf cfFvfx¿ /ftf/ftf eP .

j}v/L sIff % 154

n]vfO

!= kf7af6 lgDgfg;' f/ 55 cf]6f zAb n]v M

rGbl| aGb' nfu]sf /]km nfus] f PseGbf a9L cfwf cIf/
nfus] f

ÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒ

ÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒ

ÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒ

@= pQ/ n]v M
-s_ Pln;n] kbf{ ;f/]/ x]bf{ s] b]lvg\ <

-v_ s] s/' fn] Pln;nfO{ 8/eGbf klg v;' L nfUg yfNof] <

-u_ Pln;n] cfkm}FnfO{ s] eg]/ ;DemfOg\ <

-3_ Pln; s;/L Hofb} ;fgL / Hofb} 7n' L eOg\ <

-ª_ 8l' ag] 8/n] Pln; ?g 5f8]kl5 s] eof] xf]nf < 5f]6s/Ldf atfpm .

#= tnsf lrqx¿sf cfwf/df Pp6f 5f]6f] syf nv] M
xs]{ / lav{]

$= kf7sf] klxnf] cgR' 5]b ;kmf / /fd|f cIf/df ;f/ . j}v/L sIff %

155

zAbe08f/

!= tnsf zAb / cy{lar hf8] f ldnfpmM

cnk x'g ' kf]v/L

sfFr pb]sÙ cf;h]{

;'?ª lanfpgÙ' x/fpg'

;'/]nL v]Ng ' hldg vg]/ leqleq} agfOPsf] Kjfn jf af6f]

cfZro{ l;;f

bx bO' { xft / bO' { v6' 6\ fn] RofkL 5ftLn] 3;g| ' / r9g\ '

@= tnsf zAbx¿af6 PsPs cf]6f jfSo agfpm M

cfZro{, lbSs, 5Ss, cfgGb, kL8f, bM' v, ;xof]u, :g]x

#= tnsf zAbx¿sf] cy{ ToxL jfSodf 5g\ . kQf nufP/ nv] M

-s_ ;?' ª eg]sf] hldg vg]/ leqleq} agfOPsf] Kjfn jf af6f] xf] .

-v_ la/fdLsf] pkrf/ ug]{ 7fpFnfO{ c:ktfn elgG5 .

-u_ hUufhldg gePsf JolStx¿nfO{ ;'sD' af;L elgG5 .

-3_ ;+ljwfg eg]sf] /fi6«sf] d"n sfgg' xf] .

-ª_ gfltgfltgLsf 5f]/fnfO{ kgflt elgG5 .

;?' ª M hldg vg]/ leqleq} agfOPsf] Kjfn jf af6f]

c:ktfn M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

;'sD' af;L M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

;l+ jwfg M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

kgflt M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

$= tnsf lrqdf bl] vPsf af/ cf]6f j:t'÷7fpsF f gfd nv] M

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

j}v/L sIff % 156

Jofs/0f

s]xL l5gkl5 Pln; em;ª\u eOg\ .
pgnfO{ kl5lNt/ kfgLdf sf]xL lxF8]sf]
h:tf] nfUof] . Tof] cfjfh ;'Ggf;fy
pgn] k5fl8 kms]{/ xl] /g\ . pgn] pxL
;]tf] v/fof] ;'?ªaf6 kmls{/x]sf] b]lvg\ .
v/fof]n] cl3sf] eGbf klg cem /fd|f]
nu' f nufPsf] lyof] . p;sf xftdf Ps
hf]/ kGhf / Pp6f kª\vf lyof] . kGhf
rflxF ;]tf] / c;fWo /fd|f] lyof] .

!= dflysf] kf7 k9 / df]6f cIf/n] n]vs] f lqmofx¿nfO{ jtd{ fg sfndf abnL
k'gn]v{ g u/ .

@= tnsf jfSox¿nfO{ sf]i7ssf ;+ofh] sn] hf8] L Pp6} jfSo agfpm M
-s_ Pln; PSn} lyOg\ . Pln; 8/fPsL lyOgg\ . -t/_
Pln; PSn} lyOg\ t/ 8/fPsL lyOgg\ .
-v_ v/fof] ;]tf] lyof] . v/fof] /fd|f] lyof] . - / _
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
-u_ Pln; 8/fOg\ . v/fof] 8/fof] . -klgÒ klg_
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
-3_ xs{dfg wgL 5 . xs{dfg lgs} nf]eL 5 . -t/_
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
-ª_ efO :sn' uof] . efO k9\g yfNof] . -clg_
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
#= tnsf lqmof /fvL jfSo agfpm M
uOg\, a:ge' of], cfof}F, x]/], lhT5g\, vfG5f}F, lht]F, vfnf

157 j}v/L sIff %

;dx" df efiff

!= kfrF kfrF hgfsf] ;dx" ag . o; jif{ ljBfnodf s]s] dxŒjk"0f{ s/' fx¿
eP < cfcfºgf] ;dx" df 5nkmn u/ / dxŒjk"0f{ s'/fx¿nfO{ tnsf] vfnL
7fpdF f l6kf]6 u/ . cGTodf Ps hgf 6f]nLg]tf ag/] cfºgf] ;dx" sf] lgisif{
;fyLx¿nfO{ ;g' fpm M

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

@= b'O{b'O{ hgfsf] ;dx" ag . ca x/]s ;d"xn] lt; cf6] f hgfj/sf] gfd nv] .
s'g ;dx" n] ;aeGbf klxn] n]lv;Sof] <

ÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒ

j}v/L sIff % 158

l;h{gf÷n3k' l/ofh] gf

!= …cgf7} f] el" ddf Pln;Ú eGg] kf7 kl9;s]kl5 Pln;sf] syf s;/L 6'ªl\ uof]
xfn] f < krf;;f7L zAbdf nv] M

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

@= sIff % df ltdLnfO{ k9fpg] lzIfsx¿sf] gfd n]v . pxfxF ¿n] k9fpge' Psf]
ljifo klg nv] M

lzIfssf] gfd ljifo

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

159 j}v/L sIff %

#= o; jif{ ltdLn] ss] ] gofF s/' f l;Sof} < ltdLnfO{ sg' ljifo ;aeGbf
;lhnf] nfUof] < s'g ufx|f] nfUof] < csf]{ jif{ ltdL s]s] ug{ rfxG5f} < ;o
zAb;Dddf j0f{g u/ M

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j}v/L sIff % 160

;g' fO l;ksf nflu tof/ kfl/Psf] l;8Ldf /flvPsf
kf7x¿

kf7 ! -xfd|f] b]z g]kfn_

xfd|f] b]z g]kfn Pl;of dxfb]zdf cjl:yt 5 . o;sf] pQ/tkm{ rLg
eGg] b]z / k"j{, blIf0f / klZrdtkm{ ef/t eGg] b]z 5g\ . o;sf]
If]qkmn !, $&, !*! ju{ lsnf]ld6/ 5 . o;sf] /fhwfgL ;x/sf]
gfd sf7df8f}F xf] . oxfF ;+;f/sf] ;a}eGbf cUnf] lxdfn ;u/dfyf 5,
h;sf] prfO **$* ld6/ 5 . @)^* ;fnsf] hgu0fgfcg';f/ o;
b]zsf] hg;ª\of @, ^$,($,%)$ /x]sf] 5 / oxfF !@# cf]6f efiffx¿
af]lnG5g\ . oxL b]zdf zflGtsf bt" uf}td a'4sf] hGd ePsf] lyof] .

kf7 @ -k[YjL_

k[YjLsf] cfsf/ ;'Gtnfsf] cfsf/h:t} 5 t/ k[YjLsf] agf]6 rflxF
cG8fsf] agf]6h:t} 5 .

k[YjLsf] ;aeGbf aflx/sf] efunfO{ qm:6 elgG5 . qm:6 df6f] tyf
r6\6fgn] ag]sf] xG' 5 . To;}n] of] s8f xG' 5 . qm:6 k[YjLsf] ;txb]lv
krxQ/ lsnf]ld6/ leq;Dd km}lnPsf] x'G5 .

qm:6eGbf leqsf] efunfO{ DofG6n elgG5 . DofG6n qm:6b]lv @())
lsnf]ld6/ leq;Dd km}lnPsf] xG' 5 . DofG6n s8f l;lns]6 vlghaf6
ag]sf] x'G5 .

k[YjLsf] ;a}eGbf leqsf] efunfO{ sf]/ elgG5 . sf]/ kmnfd tyf
lgsnh:tf wft'x¿n] ag]sf] xG' 5 . sf]/ cToGt tftf] efu ePsfn]
oxfFsf kmnfd tyf lgsnx¿ t/n cj:yfdf /x]sf xG' 5g\ .

161 j}v/L sIff %

kf7 # -rnfvLsf syfx¿_

csa/n] Pslbg cfºgf b]zsf] cGwfx¿sf] ;r" L x]b}{ jL/annfO{
eg], æjL/an, xfd|f] b]zdf cGwfx¿ t Hofb} yf]/} /x]5g\ lg †Æ

jL/ann] eg], æ;/sf/ † Tof] t cfFvf gePsf dflg;x¿sf] dfq
;r" L xf] . cfFvf eP/ klg gb]Vg] cGwfx¿ t xfd|f] b]zdf clt w]/}
kf] 5g\ t .Æ

csa/nfO{ jL/ansf] s'/f lrQ a'em]g / eg], æo:tf] xfjfbf/L s'/f
gu/ g . cfFvf ePkl5 t b]lvxflnG5 lg †Æ

jL/ann] csa/nfO{ hafkm lbP, æ;/sf/nfO{ clxn] d]/f] s'/f]
xfjfbf/L nflu/x]5 t/ d of] s'/f l56\6} k|dfl0ft ug]{5' .Æ

s]xL lbgkl5 jL/an cfu/fsf] Pp6f k|l;4 rf]sdf a;]/ u'Gb|L a'Gg
yfn] . pgsf] o:tf] ultljlw b]v]/ ;a} hgf ;f]Wy], æjL/an, s]
ul//x]sf] <Æ

jL/an hafkm lbFb}gy] . pgL cfkmn" fO{ k|Zg ;f]Wg]x¿sf] gfd dfq
l6lk/fVy] .

jL/ansf] o:tf] rlt{snf csa/nfO{ klg yfxf eof] / pgL klg
cfOk'u]/ ;f]w], æjL/an, ltdL s] ul//x]sf 5f} <Æ

jL/ann] csa/sf] gfd klg n]v] / w]/}w]/} JolStx¿sf] gfdfjnL
ePsf] lstfa csa/nfO{ b]vfpFb} eg], æd s] ub}{ 5' < b]Vg'ePg <
u'Gb|L a'Gb} 5' lg † d}n] t eg]s} lyPF lg † oxfF cfFvf eP/ klg
s]xL gb]Vg] w]/} cGwfx¿ 5g\ . Tof] lstfa cfFvf eP/ klg s]xL
gb]Vg]x¿sf] xf] . ;/sf/ klg t To:t}df kg'{xF'bf] /x]5 lg †Æ

jL/ansf] s'/fn] csa/ cSsgaSs eP .

j}v/L sIff % 162

kf7 $ -kf| 0fLx¿sf] ;+;f/_

9f8 ePsf hgfj/x¿nfO{ kfFr ;dx" df afFl8Psf] 5 –

!= df5f ;d"x @= peor/ ;dx" #= ;/L;[k ;d"x $= r/f ;dx" /
%= :tgkfoL ;dx" .

df5f ;dx" sf k|f0fLx¿ kfgLdf /xG5g\ . logLx¿sf] z/L/df kfgLdf
kf}8gsf nflu lkmG; / ;f; km]g{sf nflu km'Nsf x'G5g\ . logLx¿n]
km'n kf5{g\ . ;fs{, ljleGg lsl;dsf df5f / ;d'b|L 3f]8f o; ;d"xsf
k|f0fL xg' \ .

peor/ ;d"xsf k|f0fLx¿ kfgL / hldg ba' } 7fpFdf a:g ;S5g\ .
logLx¿sf] 6fpsf] / lhp xG' 5 t/ 3fF6L 56' \l6Psf] xF'b}g . ljleGg
lsl;dsf Eofut' f / ;fnfdfG8/ o; ;d"xsf k|f0fL xg' \ .

;/L;[k ;d"xsf w]/}h;f] k|f0fLx¿ hldgdf 3;|]/ lxF8\5g\ eg] sg' }sg' }
rflxF kfgLdf klg /xG5g\ . 5]kf/f], ;k{, s5'jf, dfp;n' L, uf]xL cflb
o; ;dx" sf k|f0fL x'g\ .

r/f ;dx" sf k|f0fLx¿sf] z/L/df Ps hf]8f kv]6f / KjfFvx¿ x'G5g\ .
logLx¿ w]/}h;f] cfsfzdf p8\g ;S5g\ . ;'uf, lrn, 9s' /' , cl:6«r
cflb o; ;d"xsf k|f0fL xg' \ .

:tgkfoL hgfj/sf] z/L/df ej' f tyf /f}F x'G5g\ . logLx¿n] aRrf
hGdfpF5g\ / aRrfnfO{ b'w r';fpF5g\ . ufO{, v/fof], d';f, af3,
efn,' dfG5], x\j]n cflb o; ;dx" sf k|f0fL x'g\ .

kf7 % -/fdf| ] g/fd|f]_

-lzIfs / ljBfyL{ dg kg]{ / dg gkg]{ ljifodf s/' fsfgL ul//x]sf
5g\ ._

u?' cfdf M /fh,' ltdLnfO{ cfºgf] a'afsf] sg' s'/f ;aeGbf dg
k5{ clg sg' s/' f ;aeGbf dg kb}{g <

/fh' M d]/f aa' f s;};Fu emu8f ug{'xG' g . of] afgL dnfO{ ;aeGbf

163 j}v/L sIff %

dg k5{ . pxfF d;Fu s/' f ubf{ub}{ lgbfOxfNgx' 'G5 . of]
rflxF dnfO{ k6Ss} dg kb}{g .

u'?cfdf M clg cfdfsf] lg †

/fh ' M pxfF xfd|f] va' Vofn /fVgx' 'G5 . pxfFsf] of] afgL dnfO{
va' dg k5{ t/ pxfF ;fgf;fgf s'/fdf klg /f]OxfNgx' G' 5 .
pxfFsf] of] ?Gr] afgL dnfO{ dg kb}{g .

u'?cfdf M ltdLnfO{ cfºgf] sg' s'/f ;aeGbf dg k5{ . sg' rflxF
ltdL cfkm}FnfO{ dg kb}{g <

/fh' M dnfO{ ;a}n] ltdL km6' an /fd|f] v]N5f} eG5g\ . dnfO{
klg d km6' andf /fd|} 5' h:tf] nfU5 . To;}n] d]/f]
km6' an v]Ng] Ifdtf cfkm}FnfO{ dg k5{ . d uLt ufpg
klg rfxG5' t/ d no ldnfP/ uLt ufpg} ;lStgF . d]/f]
of] sdhf]/L dnfO{ abNg kfP x'GYof] h:tf] nfU5 .

kf7 ^ -xfdf| ;fyLx¿_

æltdLx¿sf] sIffdf ;f/} xNnf xG' 5 .Æ xfd|f ;a} u'?af u'?cfdfx¿
;w}F eGgx' 'G5 . x'g klg pd]z hltv]/ klg xNnf ul//fV5 . p;sf]
t cfjfh klg efn] Eofut' fsf] h:tf] 5 . pm slxNo} la:tf/f] af]Ng}
hfGb}g . ;fFRr} eGg] xf] eg] pm af]Nbf klg lrRofP/} af]N5 .

d]/f] a]Grsf] l7s k5fl8 a:g] k|z;+ f cgf}7f] lsl;dsf ;fyL xf] .
pm slxNo} af]lNbg . af]Ngk' /] klg ;f;n] dfq af]N5] . lzIfsx¿n]
p;sf] cfjfh ;G' ge' Ps} 5}g eg] klg x'G5 . xfdL;Fu eg] slxn]sfxLF
af]N5] . pm vfhf vfg] ;do / v]Ng] ;dodf klg sIffd} al;/xg
rfxG5] .

d]/f] sIffdf cg'kdf eGg] csL{ ;fyL klg 5] . pm xfd|f] sIffsf]
df]lg6/ klg xf] . pm ;w}F / ;a};Fu xfF;]/ af]N5] . k9fOdf klg t]h 5] .
p;sf] ;xof]uL afgLn] ubf{ ;a} hgf pm;Fu} a:g rfxG5g\ .

Png eGg] xfd|f] ;fyL rflxF sIffdf hlxNo} lgbfpF5 . To;}n] xfdL

j}v/L sIff % 164

p;nfO{ la/fnf] eg]/ lh:SofpF5f}F . pm sIffdf lzIfsn] k9fpGh]n
lgbfpFb}g t/ lzIfs lg:sg]lalTts} 3g' { yflnxfN5 .

ch{'g eGg] ;fyL t xfd|f] sIffsf] hf]s/ g} xf] . p;nfO{ p6k6\ofª
ug{ / af]Ng s;}n] l;sfpg} kb}{g . pm slxn] s;}sf] k]G6df k'R5/
em'G8\ofOlbG5 t slxn] s]6Lx¿nfO{ t;f{pFb} xfF:5 . slxn] sg' }
lzIfssf] cfjfhsf] gSsn u/]/ xF;fpF5 . pm geP t sIffdf
/dfOnf] g} x'Fb}g ls h:tf] nfU5 .

kf7 & -pd/] / ljsf;_

dfG5] hGdg]lalQs}b]lv ?g ;'? u5{ . xfF:g rflxF tLg dlxgfsf]
pd]/b]lv dfq} ;'? u5{ . To;f] t tLg dlxgfcufj} klg lzz'x¿
d':s'/fpF5g\ t/ Tof] d':sfg jf:tljs d:' sfg xf]Og . cfdf jf
cfkmGtnfO{ b]Vbf v;' L eP/ d':sfpg] pd]/ tLg dlxgfaf6 dfq ;?'
x'G5 .

lzzx' ¿ ;ftb]lv b; dlxgfsf] pd]/df afd] ;g{ ;?' u5{g\ . afd] ;g{
;?' u/]sf] bO' { tLg dlxgfkl5 pleg / Psb'O{ kfOnf lxF8\g ;S5g\ .
To;sf] cy{ sg' } klg :j:y lzz' b; dlxgfb]lv Ps jif{leqdf pleg
/ lxF8\g ;'? u5{g\ .

lzzx' ¿sf] af]nL P3f/b]lv rf}w dlxgfdf km6' \5 . ;'?df pgLx¿ af,
df, kf h:tf zAbx¿ af]N5g\ . To;kl5 dfq c¿ zAbx¿ af]N5g\ .
;f]/ dlxgfsf] pd]/;Dddf t s]6Lx¿ krf; cf]6fhlt zAb af]Ng
;S5g\ . ToxL pd]/sf s]6fx¿n] eg] lt; cf]6fhlt dfq zAbx¿
af]Ng ;S5g\ .

kf7 * -al' 4 k/LIff_

dx]zsf] 3/ cfnfk/' df 5 . cfnfk'/af6 bO' { lsnf]ld6/ kj" {sf]
s~rga:tL eGg] 7fpFdf /fwfsf] 3/ 5 . /fwfsf] 3/af6 l7s 5
lsnf]ld6/ klZrddf eb|gu/ eGg] 7fpF 5 . eb|gu/df cg'kdsf] 3/
5.

165 j}v/L sIff %

;flxnsf] 3/ ljhok'/df 5 . ljhok'/af6 blIf0flt/ l7s kfFr
lsnf]ld6/sf] b/" Ldf xl6of eGg] 7fpFdf k|z;+ fsf] 3/ 5 . xl6ofsf]
pQ/lt/ l7s tLg lsnf]ld6/ b"/Ldf cfnfk/' 5 .

kf7 ( -To:tf] xb'F f s:tf]_

oxfF rf/ hgfnfO{ ltdLn] ;Sg] eP s] uYof}{ < eGg] k|Zg ;f]lwPsf]
5 . tL rf/ hgfdWo] klxnf] jStfsf] gfd /fh' xf] . bf];|f] jStfsf]
gfd cl:dtf xf] . t];|f] jStfsf] gfd ze' d\ xf] . rf}yf] jStfsf] gfd
cg'kf xf] .

klxnf] jStf M

oxfF b'O{ ;o rfln;eGbf w]/} b]z 5g\ . To:tf b]zx¿lar l;dfgf /
clwsf/sf] ljifonfO{ lnP/ n8fOF eO/xG5 . d}n] ;Sg] eP To:tf
b]zx¿nfO{ hf]8]/ Pp6} b]z agfpg] lyPF .

bf];|f] jStf M

o; ;;+ f/df ;ft c/aeGbf a9L dflg; 5g\ . pgLx¿n] af]Ng] rf/
xhf/eGbf a9L efiff 5g\ . d}n] ;Sg] eP ;+;f/sf ;a} dfG5]x¿n]
af]Ng] Pp6} efiff agfpg] lyPF .

t];|f] jStf M

dfG5] cfsfzdf r/fh:t} ;lhn} p8\g ;Sb}g . kfgLdf df5fh:t}
;lhn} kf}8g ;Sb}g . d]/f] zlStn] EofpFYof] eg] d dfG5]nfO{ r/fh:t}
;lhn} p8\g ;Sg] / df5fh:t} ;lhn} kf}8g ;Sg] agfpg] lyPF .

rf}yf] jStf M

;+;f/df y'k|} dfG5]x¿ vfg gkfP/ dl//x]sf 5g\ . y'k|} dfG5]x¿ /f]u
nfu]/ dl//x]sf 5g\ . clg cem w]/} dflg;x¿ sf6df/ u/]/, n8fOF
u/]/ dl//x]sf 5g\ . o:tf] a]nfdf d}n] ;Sg] eP sf]xL klg ef]s, /f]u
/ xToflx;+ fdf dg'{ gkg]{ agfpg] lyPF .

j}v/L sIff % 166

kf7 !) -Pp6f clj:d/0fLo e|d0f_
ldlt @)&$÷!!÷@%
>Ldfg\ k|wfg cWofks
>L OGb|]gL ;fd'bflos kf7zfnf
hf]/;fn–!, kfFry/
ljifo M z}lIfs e|d0fsf ;DaGwdf .
dxf]bo,
hLjgdf lstfaL 1fgsf ;fy} 3'dlkm/sf] klg 7'nf] dxŒj x'G5 eg]/
xh'/n] k|fy{gf ;efdf eGg'ePsf] lyof] . To;} ;DaGwdf xfdL sIff %
sf ;Dk0" f{ ljBfyL{x¿ xfd|f] jflif{s k/LIff ;lsPkl5 Onfdsf] lkmSsn
e|d0f ug{ rfxG5f}F . To;}n] k/LIffkl5 xfd|f] sIffsf ljBfyL{x¿sf
nflu Ps lbg] lkmSsn e|d0f sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf ul/lbgx' g' xh'/;Fu
xflb{s cg/' f]w ub{5f}F .
lgj]bs
sIff % sf ;Dk0" f{ ljBfyL{
>L OGb|]gL ;fd'bflos kf7zfnf
hf]/;fn–!, kfFry/

kf7 !! -cgf7} f] el" ddf Pln;_
w]/}w]/} cl3 Pp6L ;fgL s]6L lyOg\ . pgsf] gfd Pln; lyof] . pgL
a/f]a/ /dfOnf / cgf}7f ;kgf b]Vg] uly{g\ .
;kgfdf, PskN6 pgn] ;]tf] v/fof] b]lvg\ . Tolt a]nf pgL au}Frfdf
al;/x]sL lyOg\ . ;]tf] v/fof] pgsf] glhs}af6 xtfl/Fb} uO/x]sf]
lyof] . Tof] v/fof]sf cfFvf v}/f lyP . p;n] ;f/} /fd|f] sf]6 nufPsf]
lyof] . sf]6leq cem p;n] O:6sf]6 klg nufPsf] lyof] . p;sf

167 j}v/L sIff %

xftdf Pp6f ;fgf] n6\7L / /fd|f] 5ftf klg lyof] .

lxF8\bflxF8\b} v/fof]n] sf]6sf] aunLaf6 h]a38L lems]/ o;f] x]¥of] .
To:tf] /fd|f] nu' f nufPsf] / 38L klg le/]sf] v/fof] b]Vbf Pln;
rlst eOg\ .

æcf]xf], d t w]/} ca]/ kf] x'g] ePF .Æ v/fof]n] 38L x]b}{ eGof] . o:tf]
cgf}7f] v/fof] b]Vbf Pln;nfO{ pm;Fu s'/f ug]{ /x/ nfUof] . v/fof]
ToxfFaf6 a?' Ssa?' Ss pk|m]/ lxF8\gf;fy Pln; klg p;sf] kl5kl5
nflug\ . t/ Ps}l5gdf v/fof] t Pp6f ;fgf] bn' f]leq k;]/ a]kQf
eof] .

v/fof]nfO{ e]6\g Pln; klg ToxL bn' f]leq ;Q' kl;xflng\ . kl5 km]l/
s;/L aflx/ lg:sg] eGg] s/' fdf To; a]nf pgsf] xf];} ePg . leq
Psbd cFWof/f] lyof] . Tof] 7fpF Ogf/h:t} ulx/f] ;'?ª lyof] .

;fef/M …cgf}7f] e"lddf Pln;Ú afnsf];]nL k|sfzg

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