Applied Grammar 1

B. Write any ten countable things.

Exercise-2 Homework

A. Write any ten uncountable things.

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-1 51

L1es1son Naming Words:
Singular and Plural

Before you begin

Read and learn.

I had an apple. My mother also gave
me an apple. Now, I have two apples.
I eat a mango. You eat a mango. We
eat two mangoes. I am a child. You are
a child. We are children.

Look, read and learn.

Use of ‘s’ to make plural

Singular Plural Singular Plural

banana bananas apple apples

cow cows elephant elephants

house houses tree trees

* We add ‘s’ at the end of most singular nouns to make them plural.

52 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-1

I am only one or
single. I am singular.

Singular

We are six. It means:
We are more than one.

We are plural.

Plural

Use of ‘es’ to make plural

Singular Plural Singular Plural

bench benches mango mangoes

buffalo buffaloes tomato tomatoes

brush brushes potato potatoes

lady ladies bus buses
Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-1 53

* We add ‘es’ to the singular nouns ending in ‘ch’, ‘s’,
‘o’ ‘sh’ to make them plural. We have used ‘es’ in the
words above.

Use of new word to make plural

Singular Plural Singular Plural

man men woman women

foot feet ox oxen

mouse mice child children

54 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-1

For your memory

* If we can count, that is a countable noun and if we can’t
count that is uncountable,

Example: countable: cat, umbrella, goat, pen, etc.
uncountable: water, oil, milk, rice, etc.
* In counting, only one is called singular. More than one

is called plural,

Singular Plural

boy boys
bird birds
potato potatoes
tooth teeth

Exercise-1 Class Activity

A. Count the following and write their number in words.

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-1 55

B. Circle the plural naming words.
a. pens, hand, hen b. pot, cats, goat
c. den, men, pen d. fox, box, oxen
e. girls, shawl, hall f. cow, bulls, buffalo
g. planes, fan, parrot h. mathematics, cup, boxes

Exercise-2 Homework

A. Add ‘es’ to change these naming words into plural.

buffalo .................... bench ....................

bus .................... mango ....................

ass .................... bunch ....................

bush .................... tomato ....................

box .................... watch ....................

brush .................... potato ....................

B. Change these naming words into plural by adding ‘s’ or ‘es’.

fox .................... branch ....................

house .................... box ....................

dish .................... church ....................

shop .................... page ....................

C. Some nouns are given below. Some of them are in
singular and some are in plural forms. Put them in the
right boxes.

egg apples chairs bull fingers mice
rooms sun feet ox potato biscuits
stars eagles mouse ships women duck

56 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-1

Singular Plural

D. Change these plural forms of nouns into singular form:

books bags boys toys spoons teeth
shoes belts copies buffaloes men feet

E. Use ‘is’ or ‘are’ in the blank spaces.
1. This ................... a book. These ................... books
2. This ................... a tiger. These ................... tigers.
3. It ................... a pen. These ................... pens.
4. He ................... a boy. They ................... boys.
5. Nisha ................... a girl. They ................... girls.
6. Prakash ................... a teacher. They ................... teachers.
7. He ................... a doctor. They ................... doctors.
F. Fill in the blanks with singular or plural nouns as needed.

a. We say one bus but two ..........................................
b. We say one child but five ..........................................
c. We say one ox but three ..........................................
d. We say one leaf but many ..........................................
e. We say one baby but ten ..........................................
f. We say one mango but six ..........................................
g. We say one country but four ..........................................
h. We say one cup but ten ..........................................
i. We say one glass but five ..........................................

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-1 57

G. Put these words in group of : es, ies, ves.
fines ponies thieves cities churches leaves
watches classes potatoes families chilies ladies
es ............................................................................................

ies ............................................................................................

ves ............................................................................................

H. Choose the correct nouns and write sentences.

a. I have two eye / eyes.
.............................................................................................
b. I have one nose / noses.
.............................................................................................
c I have two ear / ears.
.............................................................................................
d. I have ten finger / fingers.
.............................................................................................
e. I have two hand / hands.
.............................................................................................
f. I have two thumb / thumbs.
.............................................................................................
g. I have ten toe / toes.
.............................................................................................
h. A cow has four leg / legs.
.............................................................................................

58 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-1

Test Paper-I

Subject : English Grammar F.M. :
Class : One P.M. :

1. Write the following words in alphabetical order.

a. red, black, yellow, green ........................................

b. donkey, monkey, buffalo, bear ........................................

c. water, milk, blood, tea ........................................

d. Ranjan, Akash, Karuna, Raju ........................................

2. Match the following nouns. B
A

a. person • mother, brother

b. place • brinjal, carrot

c. month • Ritu, Rojina

d. things • table, stool

e. fruits • orange, papaya

f. flowers • parrot, sparrow

g. birds • Friday, Sunday

h. vegetables • rose, marigold

i. relations • Birgunj, Janakpur

j. days • camel, deer

k. animals • July, March

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-1 59

3. Write True or False in the boxes.

a. There are eight vowel letters in English alphabet.

b. Consonant letters count more than vowel letters.

c. a, c, e, m, n, o are turtle shaped letters.

d. More than one is called singular.

e. Plural of foot is feet.
4. Make words from the given groups of letters.

a. gaorne (fruit) ....................................
b. dthakmanu (place) ....................................
c. difray (day) ....................................
d. brthoer (relation) ....................................
e. emubrlla (thing) ....................................
f. ahnd (part of body) ....................................

5. Circle the plural nouns in the following naming words.

pen plates fox oxen teachers

boxes tooth men teeth thumb

feet mice elephant goat benches
6. Add ‘s’ / ‘es’ to make the following naming words plural.

a. brush = .................. b. class = ..................

c. student = .................. d. apple = ..................

e. toy = .................. f. watch = ..................

7. Give any five examples of names of persons, places,
animals and things.

Persons ..............................................................................

60 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-1

Places ..............................................................................

Animals ..............................................................................

Things ..............................................................................

8. Read the following clues and name the professions.

a. A person who grows crops .........................

b. A person who dances .........................

c. A person who stitches our clothes .........................

d. A person who looks after sick people .........................

e. A person who takes photographs .........................

9. Read the following passage and underline the naming
words.

I am Prakriti. My house is at Santapur. I was born in
November. My father loves me very much. I eat bread,
rice, vegetables, meat, fish, etc. Mango is my best fruit. I
like rose. I don’t go to school on Saturday.

10. Answer in brief.
a. How many vowel letters are there in English Alphabet ?

Ans: .........................................................................................

b. Write any five words which begin with consonant and
end in vowel letter.

Ans: .........................................................................................

c. What are called nouns ? Give any three examples.

Ans: .........................................................................................

d. What is called a singular noun ? Give any three examples.

Ans: .........................................................................................

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-1 61

L1ess2on Replacing Words
(Pronouns)

Before you begin

Sing together and learn.

Rhymes

I learn English and

You learn English.

He learns English and

She learns English.

We all learn English.

I like Tom, and

You like Jerry

He likes rose and

She likes cherry.

We all like to be merry.

Identify the pronouns used in the above rhyme and write
down.

.............................................................................................................

Read about Barsha and Alish.

Barsha is a good girl. Barsha reads in Class Three. Barsha’s
brother is Alish. Alish reads in Class One. Barsha and Alish
go to school daily. Alish’s class teacher loves Alish very much.
Alish obeys his class teacher.

Now, we can write the above paragraph in this way:

Barsha is a good girl. She reads in Class Three. Her brother is

62 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-1

Alish. He reads in Class One. They go to school daily. His class
teacher loves him very much. He obeys her.
‘She, Her, He, They, His, Him’ are highlighted. They are
pronouns because they are used in place of nouns.
Read the conversation and learn.

What are pronouns?

The words that are used in
place of nouns are called

pronouns.

Where are pronouns used?

Pronouns are used in
place of nouns.

For your memory

* ‘I, we, you, he, she, it, they, me, us, him, her, them, mine,
yours, ours, his, theirs, hers’ are used as pronouns.

* Pronoun is a word used instead of a noun.
* Pronouns ‘he’ and ‘him’ are used for males.
* Pronouns 'she' and 'her' stand for females.
* Pronoun ‘they’ and ‘them’ stand for more than one

person, animal, place, thing, etc.
* Pronoun ‘it’ stands for an animal, a place or a thing.

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-1 63

Exercise-1 Class Activity

A. Match the nouns with pronouns.
1. Rita • • He
2. Madhav • • She
3. Students • • His
4. Sunita’s • • Her
5. Aman’s • • Their
6. Book • • They
7. Rani and Ranjan’s • • It

B. Underline the pronouns in the following sentences.
1. She likes to dance.
2. You were talking.
3. The man gave me a book.
4. It is very strong.
5. It is going towards the hole.
6. He is a naughty boy.
7. We are good friends.
8. They are going on a picnic.
9. They have many things.
10. I am your close friend.

64 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-1

C. Fill in the blanks with He, She or It, whichever is correct.
1. Pinky sent a letter.
........................ reads in Bharatpur.
2. Madhuri has a book.
........................ is new.
3. Look at the ant.
........................is carrying something.
4. Ayush is ill.
........................ is in hospital.
5. Gopi is an old man.
........................ is 80 years old.
6. Muna went to the market.
........................ bought books.
7. The crow is a black bird.
........................is cunning.
8. Babita is coming.
........................is talking to Kajal.

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-1 65

Exercise-2 Homework

A. Fill in the blanks with suitable pronouns.

1. ............. is a beautiful girl. 6. .............are my parents.

2. ............. are bad boys. 7. ............. is a good boy.

3. ............ am taking tea. 8. ............. is my brother.

4. ............ is Miss Thapa. 9. I have a house. .....is big.

5. ............. are playing together. 10.............is my mother.
B. Fill in the blanks with mine, ours, yours, his, hers, theirs.

1. Ram gives me a pencil. It is ........................ .

2. This is Anup’s drawing. This drawing is ...................... .
3. This is Barsha’s rubber. This rubber is ......................... .
4. These are my photos. They are ......................... .
5. This bag belongs to Rashmi. It is .......................... .
6. Take these books. They are .......................... .
7. That is your seat. That seat is .......................... .
8. Sagar has a comb. This comb is .......................... .
9. This is my bicycle. This bicycle is .......................... .

10. The knife belongs to me. It is .......................... .
C. Write any five sentences about your best friend using

pronouns.
1. ...............................................................................................

2. ...............................................................................................

3. ...............................................................................................

4. ...............................................................................................

5. ...............................................................................................

6. ...............................................................................................

66 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-1

Exercise-3 Class Activity

A. Fill in the blanks with the correct pronouns from the
brackets.
1. I know .......................... well. (them, they)

2. Anuska and Aditi are students. .......................... go
to school to study. (We, They)

3. .......................... should take care of our health. (We, Us)

4. Do .......................... see the building beyond the tree?
(your, you)

5. The police helped ........................... (we, us)

6. This is a wrist-watch. I bought .......................... last
month. (them, it)

7. There are some men in the river. ..........................
are swimming. (He, They)

8. Look at these pictures. .......................... are very
beautiful. (It, They)

B. Circle the pronouns and write them below.

ITH E Y H TM
TM U H E E H I
SW E S Y R E N
HU S H O H M E
EM E E U C W E

1. .......................... 6. ..........................
2. .......................... 7. ..........................
3. .......................... 8. ..........................
4. .......................... 9. ..........................
5. .......................... 10. ..........................

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-1 67

13Lesson Words and Sentences

Before you begin

Write very short answer.
Who teaches you at school? ...................................
Who cares for us when we are sick? ...................................
What do you call your father ’s father? ...................................
Are you a student or a teacher? ...................................
How many hands do you have? ...................................

Words

Write the name of the following.
Your best hero/heroine : .............................................................

Your best friend : .............................................................

Your best colour : .............................................................

Your best fruit : .............................................................

Fill in the blanks.

Words Total letters First letter Last letter
Nurse 5N e

Sky

Vegetables

Chocolate

Thimpu

Janakpur

President

68 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-1

Read and learn.
‘Nurse’ is a group of five letters. It gives a
meaning or sense. So, this is a word of letters
N + u + r + s + e ► Nurse.

A group of letters that gives sense is called word.

Sentences

Look at the pictures.

What is the man doing, Kushal? The man is reading a newspaper.
Who is writing? The girl is writing.
Is the boy playing or sleeping? The boy is playing with his doll.
Who is on the bed? The old man is on the bed.
Where is the cup? The cup is on the table.
Can you see a cat in the picture? Yes, I can.

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-1 69

For your memory

* A group of words which make a complete sense is called
a sentence.

* A sentence must have a verb. Example: I play ball.
* Only a proper order of words makes a sentence.

Example: There is a cow.
* A sentence begins with capital letter and ends in full

stop (.), or question mark (?) or exclamation mark (!).

Exercise-1 Class Activity

A. Tick (√) the meaningful sentences and cross (×) the
jumbled sets of words.

1. Cow is this a.

2. Is umbrella this.

3. I am your friend.

4. My these are pens.

5. Water the cold is.

6. What a lovely flower it is !

7. Ravi eats rice.

8. She is my sister.

9. Student a am I.

10. These are my books.

11. Radha is my sister.

12. What is your name ?

70 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-1

B. Rearrange the words and make sentences.

1. Puspa / is / my / name
...................................................................
2. a / Gita / is / girl / beautiful
...................................................................
3. doctor / a / am / I
...................................................................
4. girls / good / They / are
...................................................................
5. You / teacher / are / a
...................................................................
6. sweet / These / apples / are
...................................................................
7. He / my / is / father
...................................................................
8. not / They / are / clever
...................................................................
9. This / not / his / cow / is
...................................................................
10. is / What / your / name?
...................................................................
11. We / parents / our / respect
...................................................................
12. two / Two / four / make / and
...................................................................
13. gives / Cow / us / milk
...................................................................
14. Sugar / sweet / is
...................................................................

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-1 71

C. Fill in the blanks with suitable words.

daughter players thief mother

patients grandfather children

a. My father ’s father is my ....................................... .
b. My ....................................... gave birth to me.
c. A doctor treats ....................................... in hospital.
d. Young human beings are called .......................................
e. His father has three children: two sons and

one ....................................... .
f. People who play games in the field are called

................................. .
D. Make five sentences using the given table:

A boy
Seema is going a picnic
A nurse
Girls are sitting at home.
People

................................................................................................. .
................................................................................................. .
................................................................................................. .
................................................................................................. .
................................................................................................. .

72 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-1

Exercise-2 Homework

1. Aeroplanes (run, fly, swim) in the sky.
Ans: ........................................................................................ .
2. We have (toes, thumbs, fingers) on our feet.
Ans: ........................................................................................ .
3. Ships (sail, fly, swim) across the sea.
Ans: ........................................................................................ .
4. Grass is (red, green, yellow).
Ans: ........................................................................................ .
5. A tortoise walks (fast, noisily, slowly).
Ans: ........................................................................................ .
6. We can (write, cut, paint) fruits with a knife.
Ans: ........................................................................................ .
7. An ice-cream is (hot, cold, sour).
Ans: ........................................................................................ .
8. Cat's babies are called (kids, kittens, lambs).
Ans: ........................................................................................ .
9. An apple is a (vegetable, fruit, food).
Ans: ........................................................................................ .
10. Lemons are (sweet, bitter, sour).
Ans: ........................................................................................ .

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-1 73

Exercise-3 Class Activity

A. The following words are not in alphabetical order. Write
them in alphabetical order.

a. egg boy pig orange cat

b. man tub ship spider fan

c. shoe jacket hand fly book

d. goat queen dog apple cup

B. Write the meaningful words from the following letters.

irach ................................. (we sit on it)
(we fly it in sky)
itek ................................. (she gave birth to me)
(parts of body)
ermoth ................................. (a formal cloth to were
in winter)
dahn ................................. (it flies)
(lives in tree)
toac ................................. (king of all animals)



dirb .................................

ykenmo .................................

olin .................................

74 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-1

C. Make sentences by using these words.

1. That = ..................................................................

2. They = ..................................................................

3. These = ..................................................................

4. Students = ..................................................................

5. Beautiful = ..................................................................

6. Clever = ..................................................................

7. School = ..................................................................

8. Football = ..................................................................

D. Make five sentences about your mother. Tell it to your
class.

................................................................................................
................................................................................................
................................................................................................
................................................................................................
................................................................................................

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-1 75

14Lesson Sentences:

Positive and Negative

Before you begin

Sing together and learn.

Rhyme

I am good.
I am not naughty. I am clean.
I am not dirty.
I am student. I am not sad.
I am obedient.
I am not bad.

Copy the sentences from the above rhyme:

Positive N...e...g..a...t.i.v...e....................................

....................................................

.................................................... ....................................................

.................................................... ....................................................

.................................................... ....................................................

76 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-1

Read the following.
a. Is she a student?
Yes, she is a student.

b. Is she a nurse?
Yes, she is a nurse.

c. Is he a policeman?
No, he is not a policeman.
He is a farmer.

d. Is Kiran playing?
No, Kiran is not playing.
She is sleeping.

e. Are they reading?
No, they are not reading.
They are dancing.

For your memory
* In the above sentences, ‘He is a student, She is a nurse’

are positive and ‘He is not a policeman', 'Kiran is not
playing'. 'They are not reading' are negative sentences.
* ‘not’is used after the auxiliary verb in negative sentences.

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-1 77

Exercise-1 Class Activity

A. Are the following sentences positive or negative? Write.
1. I am not singing. ......................................
2. You are my friends. ......................................
3. She is not doing anything. ......................................
4. They are playing. ......................................
5. He was not tired. ......................................
6. He was playing yesterday. ......................................
7. Ritesh is not an engineer. ......................................
8. He can read and write. ......................................

B. Change the following sentences into negative.
1. He is a dancer. ......................................
2. They are my friends. ......................................
3. Meena was playing. ......................................
4. Boys are sleeping. ......................................
5. They are reading in the class. ......................................
6. You are washing clothes. ......................................
7. I am watching T.V. ......................................

C. Make any two positive and any two negative sentences.
Positive Sentence Negative Sentence
1. ......................................... 1. .........................................
2. ......................................... 2. .........................................

78 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-1

D. Make ten sentences from the given table.

Utsab is now.
Yasika are not playing
They am swimming
We
I

1. ...............................................................................................
2. ...............................................................................................
3. ...............................................................................................
4. ...............................................................................................
5. ...............................................................................................
6. ...............................................................................................
7. ...............................................................................................
8. ...............................................................................................
9. ...............................................................................................
10. ...............................................................................................

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-1 79

L1ess5on Use of This, That,
These, Those

Before you begin
Let’s sing.

► What is this?

This is a horse.

► Is this a horse?

Yes, it is.

► What are these?

These are dogs.

► Are these dogs?

Yes, they are.

► What is that?

That is a cat.

► Is that a cat?

Yes, it is.

► What are those?

Those are birds.

► Are those birds?

Yes, they are.

80 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-1

Read and Learn. Use of This and That
► This is a pen.

► That is a pen.
► This is a mango.

► That is an mango.

► This is a ball.

► That is a ball.

► This is a tall man.

► That is a tall man.

For your memory
• 'This' is used to show the object near the speaker.
• That is used to show the object far from the speaker.
• Both 'This' 'and 'That' are used for singular names.

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-1 81

Use of Those and These
These are books.

Those are books.

These are bags.

Those are bags.

These are buckets.

Those are buckets.
These are cameras.

Those are cameras.
For your memory
• 'These' is used to show the objects near the speaker.
• 'Those' is used to show the objects from the speaker.
• Both 'These' and 'Those' are used for plural nouns.

82 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-1

Exercise-1 Class Activity

A. Fill in the blanks with 'This' or 'That'.
1. ......................... is a flower.

2. .......................... is a table.

3. ..........................is a tree.

4. ..........................is a bird.

5. ..........................is an egg.

6. ..........................is a book.

B. Fill in the blanks with 'These' or 'Those'.
1. ......................... are birds.
2. .......................... are books.
3. .......................... are stars.
4. .......................... are boys.
5. .......................... are flowers.
6. .......................... are monkeys.

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-1 83

C. Rewrite these sentences using ‘These’ or ‘Those’.
E.g. This is my bag. These are my bags.
1. This is a table. ...................................................
2. That is your bag. ...................................................
3. This is my book. ...................................................
4. That is my house. ...................................................
5. This mango is sweet. ...................................................
6. That ball is white. ...................................................
7. This is a temple. ...................................................
8. That is my umbrella. ...................................................

84 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-1

Exercise-2 Homework

A. Read the following sentences and rewrite by correcting
them.
1. This is my dogs. .............................................

2. That are buffaloes. .............................................

3. Are this my fingers? .............................................

4. Those is houses. .............................................

5. These are a shop. .............................................

6. This is classrooms. .............................................

7. That is apples. .............................................

8. Those are a star. .............................................
B. Make two sentences each using This, That, These, Those.

This That
............................................. .............................................
............................................. .............................................

These Those
............................................. .............................................
............................................. .............................................

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-1 85

L1ess6on Use of Is, Am, Are

Before you begin

Conversation practice.
Laxmi : How are you, Narayan?
Narayan : I am fine, Laxmi. And you?
Laxmi : I am fine, too.
Narayan : Who is that beside you?
Laxmi : He is my younger brother.
Narayan : Oh! How cute he is!

Read the paragraph below.

I am Swarnim. I am a student. I
am reading. She is Subigya. She is
my sister. She is also reading. She
is Prerana. She is a good girl. She
is writing. We all are reading and
writing.

Read the following structures.

I am They

He Singular We are
Plural
She is You

It

86 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-1

For your memory
* ‘Am’ comes with ‘I’,
Example: I am a boy.
* 'Is' comes with ‘he’, ‘she’, ‘it’ or any naming word

indicating one,
Example: He is a student. She is a teacher. It is my pen.

Ram is a very disciplined boy.
* ‘Are’ comes with ‘we’, ‘you’, ‘they’ or any naming word

indicating more than one,
Example: We are good. You are here. They are singing.
* ‘You’ is singular as well as plural. We use ‘are’ in both

cases,
Example: You are a boy. You are boys.

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-1 87

Exercise-1 Class Activity

A. Tick (√) the correct words from the brackets.

1. Jeevan (is / am) a good boy. 5. This (is / are) a pen.

2. He (is / am) honest. 6. I (am / is) in the classroom.

3. Roma (is / are) a helpful girl. 7. They (is / are) playing.

4. She (is / am) clever. 8. You (am / are) in the library.

B. Put ‘am’, ‘is’ or ‘are’ in the following sentences.
1. Those pens ................... yours.

2. Whose book ........................ this?

3. You ................... an intelligent girl.

4. Sulav ................... a tall boy.

5. There ................... a bird on that tree.

6. Those bags ................... theirs.

7. I ................... six years old.

8. She ................... a beautiful girl.

9. We ................... students.

10. Where ................... you going ?

11. ................... you a boy or a girl ?

12. That ................... a good idea.

13. What ................... your name ?

14. They ................... monkeys.

15. The sky ................... blue.

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Exercise-2 Homework

A. Match the following.
I • is a good girl.
You • am a student.
He • is powerful.
She • are my friends.
They • are selling pots.
That man • is a helpful boy.
B. Fill in the blanks with ‘He’, ‘You’, ‘They’, ‘She’, ‘It’.

1. ................... is a nurse.

2. ................... is a good boy.

3. ................... are a good dancer.

4. ................... are beautiful women.

5. ................... are my sister.

6. ................... is my grandfather.

7. ................... is my grandmother.

8. ................... are policemen.

9. ................... is my brother.

10. ................... is my mother.

11. ................... is my friend.

12. ................... is a dog.

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-1 89

Exercise-3 Class Activity

A. Rewrite these sentences using is/am/are.
1. They were poor men. ...............................................

2. She was a nurse. ...............................................

3. We were happy. ...............................................

4. The people were walking. ...............................................

5. I was dancing. ...............................................

6. The cow was running. ...............................................

B. Make sentences with the given words and write them in
the blanks.

I = ............................................................................

We = ............................................................................

You = ............................................................................

They = ............................................................................

She = ............................................................................

He = ............................................................................

C. Make any five sensible sentences from the table.

Hari is a boy = ..............................
I am a girl = ..............................
Rajina are students = ..............................
Kabita = ..............................
Hari and Arjun = ..............................

90 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-1

17Lesson Use of Was and Were

Before you begin

Read the sentences below. ● He was in school.
● I was absent yesterday. ● It was hot last week.
● She was unwell. ● We were late.
● Ravi was out. ● They were tired.
● You were in the park. ● Boys were happy.
● Ravi and Siva were there.

Look and read.

My mother was a young girl.

My father was a college
student

They were students of the
same college. They were

friends.

Gita was a nurse.
Hari was a doctor

Janak was a teacher.

Janak and Sita were
close friends.

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-1 91

For your memory

* Was comes with I, He, She, It and other singular naming
objects.

* Were comes with You, They and other plural naming
objects.

Read and understand.

• He was present there.
• Rita was at home.
• He was a poor man.
• She was a teacher.
• It was very cold yesterday.
• That child was there.

Read the structure. • You were present there.
• They were close friends.
• These boys were there.
• There was a cow in the field.
• You were late.
• You and your sister were absent.
• My friend and I were not present.

I We
He
She You
Ram
It They were
A bird was
A boy
Boys

Birds

Ram and Shayam

92 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-1

For your memory

Today (is, am are) Yesterday (was, were)
• I am happy today. • I was happy yesterday.
• He is happy today. • He was happy yesterday.

• They are happy today. • They were happy yesterday.

• You are happy today. • You were happy yesterday.

* We use ‘was’ with singular nouns or pronouns and

‘were’ with plural nouns and pronouns.

* The words ‘was’ and ‘were’ are used for past time.

* ‘Was’, ‘were’ are the past form of ‘is’, ‘am’, ‘are’.

Exercise-1 Class Activity

A. Fill in the blanks with “was” or “were”.
1. They .................... students.
2. My parents .................... happy.
3. Children .................... laughing.
4. You .................... not present.
5. Her friends .................... good.
6. Shyam .................... at home.
7. He .................... writing a story.
8. I .................... absent yesterday.
9. Rita and I .................... at home.
10. The train .................... late.

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-1 93

B. Rewrite these sentences in the past using was/were.

1. I am an engineer. ......I...w..a..s...a..n...e.n...g..i.n..e.e..r............

2. That is your book. ............................................

3. Alisha is his sister. ............................................

4. These are new books. ............................................

5. He is very young. ............................................

6. This is my new shirt. ............................................

7. Anupa is a busy girl. ............................................

8. It is raining heavily. ............................................

C. Make any eight sentences from the table.

There was a big tree in this house.
were a monkey behind my house.
some fruits
at my home.
ponds
an old man
two oxen
a lot of flies

..................................................................................................... .
..................................................................................................... .
..................................................................................................... .
..................................................................................................... .
..................................................................................................... .
..................................................................................................... .

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18Lesson Use of Have, Has, Had

Before you begin

Sing together and learn.
Rhyme

I have a pen
and you have a hen
He has a coat
And she had a pot
They have a ball
And we have a doll.

For your memory
• ‘Have/has’ are have verbs.
I / We / They / You ► have
He / She / Ram / Sita ► has

Look, read and learn.

This is a book.
A book has pictures.
These are buffaloes.
Buffaloes have horns.

That is a camera.
A camera has a lense.

Those are boys.
They have caps.

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-1 95

Read the following sentences.

► I have a book. ► We have caps.

► You have a tie. ► They have bags.

► He has a ball. ► She has an umbrella.

► A dog has a tail. ► A cow has horns.

Present tense Past tense

He I

She We
It has + a ball. You

Name (Kamal) had + a kite.

It

We She

You He

They have + dolls. They

Names Names
(Mina and Rita) (Sonam and Phurwa)

Present (Today) ‘has’, ‘have’ Past (yesterday) ‘had’
● She has a purse. ● She had a purse.
● They have toys. ● They had toys.
● The boy has a diary. ● The boy had a diary.
● The boys have bicycles. ● The boys had bicycles.

For your memory

* ‘has’ comes with singular (he, she, it, singular name).
* ‘have’ comes with plural (we, you, they, plural names).
* ‘I’ is singular but we always use have with ‘I’.
* ‘have’ and ‘has’ are used in present tense.
* ‘had’ is used in past tense.

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Let's have fun.

Tomato and Potato

Once upon a time, there lived

a man. He had two sons. One
was Tomato and the other was
Potato. They studied in the same
class. Once, in the examination,
Tomato stood class first but
Potato failed. They came back
home. Tomato told his father that he stood first. His father
congratulated him. Potato told the father that he had failed.
His father kicked him and threw him out of the house.

Exercise-1 Class Activity

A. Fill in the blanks with ‘has’ or ‘have’.

1. They ................... new cycles.

2. He ................... a doll.

3. You ................... an old house.

4. We ................... a new house.

5. Sita ................... a beautiful flower.

6. She ................... fever today.

7. The birds ................... beaks.

8. It ................... two wings.

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-1 97

9. I ................... a story book.

10. Children ................... balls.

11. They ................... a bat and a ball.

12. A triangle ................... three sides.

B. Make sentences using ‘have’ or ‘has’ with the words
given below.
1. I .......................................................................
2. We .......................................................................
3. My sister .......................................................................
4. He .......................................................................
5. You .......................................................................
6. Kamana .......................................................................

Exercise-2 Homework

A. Rewrite these sentences changing the names in the plural
form. Use have in place of has.
1. He has a dog. .........T..h..e..y...h..a..v..e..d..o..g..s.........
2. A monkey has a long tail. ........................................
3. A bird has a beak. ........................................
4. The boy has a cat. ........................................
5. The teacher has an umbrella. ........................................
6. The cow has legs. ........................................
7. My brother has a cow. ........................................
8. The cat has whiskers. ........................................

98 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-1

B. Rewrite these sentences in past form. Use had in place of
has/have.
1. I have a pen today.
......................................................................... .
2. He has some money today.
......................................................................... .
3. You have five pencils now.
......................................................................... .
4. These trees have fruits today.
......................................................................... .
5. Rani has a beautiful frock today.
......................................................................... .
6. Today, the boy has books.
......................................................................... .
7. A cow has two horns.
......................................................................... .
8. Today, Gita has a doll.
......................................................................... .

C. Match the following.

A nurse • has to love his/her students.

Patients • has to care the patients.

Students • have to take medicine.

A teacher • have to do their homework.

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-1 99

L1ess9on Action Words

Before you begin ...........................
...........................
Write one word answer. ...........................
Are you reading or sleeping? ...........................
Are you sitting or standing? ...........................
Do you sing or dance?
Do you love or hate me?
Do you play or sleep at night?

Look, read and learn.

I am reading a story book.

I am running.

I am laughing.

We are dancing.

‘reading, running, laughing, dancing’ are actions. The words
that show action are called action words.

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