baikhari Nepali 4

^= dflysf] sljtfaf6 cfwf cIf/ / /k] m - { _ k|ofu] ePsf afx| cf]6f zAb
n]Vgx' f;] \ M
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
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&= dflysf] sljtfdf tkfOFn{ fO{ ;aeGbf dg kg]{ Znfs] /fdf| cIf/df
sfkLdf ;fgx'{ f;] \ .

*= uBdf ¿kfGt/0f ug'x{ f];\ M

-s_ p7\b5 kfgL afkm ag]/
-v_ hfG5' d klg gedf cUnL
-u_ ;]tf] afbn x'G5 xn'ª\uf]
-3_ sfnfx¿sf] cfpF5 kfnf]
-ª_ tn tn em5{ kfgL ag]/
(= Ps jfSodf pQ/ nV] gx' f];\ M

-s_ kfgL s;/L afkm aG5 <
-v_ afbn cfsfzdf ku' ]kl5 s] u5{ <
-u_ afbn s;/L kUnG5 <
-3_ sfnf] afbnn] s] eG5 <
-ª_ s:tf] afbnn] kfgL kfb}{g <
!)= …kfgLÚ zLif{sdf 5f]6f] sljtf n]Vgx' f];\ . cyjf, tkfO{F kfgL s] s] sfddf
k|of]u ug{'xG' 5 < krf;;f7L zAbdf n]Vgx' f];\ .

195kf7\oqmd ljsf; sG] ba| f6 :jLs[t jv} /L sIff $

zAbe08f/

!= tnsf zAb / cy{sf] s, v, u=== nv] L hf8] f ldnfpgx' f;] \ M

-s_ ge - _ xfjfÙ kjg

-v_ sfjf vfg' - _ kxf8Ù lul/

-u_ jfo' - _ cfsfzÙ uugÙ ;u/

-3_ kj{t - _ xfjfdf otfplt ug{'

-ª_ a'ª\uf]kg - _ k[YjL

-r_ hu - _ l/Qfk] gÙ sx] L klg gePsf] cj:yf

@= dflysf] sljtfdf tnsf zAbx¿sf] kof{ojfrL zAb vf]h]/ n]Vgx' f];\ M

xfjf M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ kxf8 M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

d]3 M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ cfsfz M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

hn M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ t[i0ff M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

k[YjL M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ Zj]t M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

#= tnsf zAbx¿sf] ljk/LtfyL{ zAb nV] g'xf;] \ M

cfuf] M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ cfsfz M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

dfg M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ 1fgL M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

psfnf] M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ;kmf M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

sfnf] M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ 7f]; M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

$= dflysf] sljtfaf6 p:t} ;'lgg] kfFr hf8] L zAbx¿ l6Kg'xf];\ M

ag]/ – eg]/ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

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ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

196 j}v/L sIff $ kf7\oqmd ljsf; s]Gb|af6 :jLst[

Jofs/0f / j0fl{ jGof;

!= tnsf ;jg{ fd / lqmof hf]8L jfSo agfpg'xf;] \ M

-s_ d v]N5f} . d a:5' .

-v_ xfdL hfG5] . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

-u_ tF a:5' . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

-3_ ltdL k9\l5g\ . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

-ª_ tkfO{F af]N5;\ . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

-r_ pm ldN5g\ . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

-5_ pgL x]5f{F} . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

-h_ pgLx¿ vfgx' 'G5 . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

@= z4' jfSodf √ / cz'4 jfSodf â lrGx nufpgx' f];\ M

-s_ d 3/df a:5' . -v_ ltdL eft vfG5 .

-u_ pm u[xsfo{ u5{ . -3_ xfdL ahf/ uP .

-ª_ pgLx¿ ldlxg]tL 5g\ . -r_ d}n] 6f]kL nufof] .

-5_ pgLx¿ km6' an vN] 5f} . -h_ tkfO{F :s'n hfg'x'G5 .

-em_ tkfO{Fn] u[xsfo{ u5f}{ . -`_ tkfO{Fn] lr7L n]Vof} .
#= dfly @ sf cz'4 jfSonfO{ z4' kf/L sfkLdf nV] gx' f];\ .

$= tnsf zAb k:| 6;uF pRrf/0f ug{x' f];\ / sfkLdf ;fgx{' f];\ M

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8«d /fd|f] d¥of] u5{

8«fOe/ k|;fb 6¥of] k"j{

197kf7o\ qmd ljsf; s]Gba| f6 :jLst[ j}v/L sIff $

;dx" df efiff

!= tLg tLg hgfsf] ;dx" aGgx' f;] \ . ca x/] s ;dx" n] tnsf vfnL 7fpFdf
gbLx¿sf] gfd nV] gx' f];\ M
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
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ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
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ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
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bz ldg6] df s'g ;dx" n] ;aeGbf a9L gbLsf] gfd nV] g ;Sof] < cfºgf]
;dx" n] nv] ]sf gbLsf gfdx¿ ;'gfpgx' f;] \ .

198 j}v/L sIff $ kf7o\ qmd ljsf; sG] b|af6 :jLs[t

@= tkfOsF{ f kfrF hgf ;fyLsf] gfd / pgLx¿sf] tf}n klg n]Vg'xf;] \ .
pgLx¿n] lbgdf slt kfgL lkpg'knf{ < Tof] klg n]Vgx' f];\ M

;fyLsf] gfd tf}n ;fyLn] lkpgk' g]{ kfgL

!= ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

@= ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

#= ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

$= ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

%= ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

bl} gs ¿kdf slt kfgL lkpg] <

xfdLn] lbgdf slt kfgL lkpg'k5{ eGg] s'/f tf}n / ultljlwdfly e/
k5{ . w]/} tf}n ePsf dflg;n] w]/} kfgL lkpgk' 5{ . w]/} ultljlw ug]{
dflg;n] klg w]/} kfgL lkpgk' 5{ .

tf}nsf cfwf/df b}lgs ¿kdf slt kfgL lkpg] eGg] ;fwf/0f ;"rgf
o; k|sf/ 5 M

tfn} -s]hLdf_ kfgL -ln6/df_

@) s]hL ! ln6/
@% s]hL !=! ln6/
#) s]hL !=# ln6/
#% s]hL !=% ln6/
$) s]hL !=&% ln6/
$% s]hL @ ln6/
%) s]hL @=@ ln6/

199kf7o\ qmd ljsf; s]Gba| f6 :jLst[ jv} /L sIff $

l;h{gf÷n3' kl/ofh] gf

!= tnsf] vfnL 7fpdF f s'g} gbL, tfn, ;db' | jf lxdfnsf] tl:a/ 6f:F gx' f;] \ .
ca To;sf] l7s d'lGt/ To;sf] gfd n]v]/ krf;;f7L zAbdf j0f{g
ug{x' f];\ M

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
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ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
200 jv} /L sIff $ kf7o\ qmd ljsf; s]Gb|af6 :jLst[

kf7– !%

km/s

201kf7o\ qmd ljsf; s]Gb|af6 :jLs[t j}v/L sIff $

zAb / cy{

;Nnfx M ;'emfj
kx/f]
le/ M rn' an' ]
rGrn] M hfGg OR5's
lh1f;' M 3/sf] tnfdl' gsf] efu
blng M dfofk"j{s
:g]xkj" {s M l/; p7\g'
slG;/L tfTg' M lg?Q/
gfhafkm M

202 jv} /L sIff $ kf7\oqmd ljsf; sG] b|af6 :jLst[

k"j{k7g

õ tnsf lrq x]/L ae' ms] f s'/f atfpg'xf];\ M

203kf7o\ qmd ljsf; sG] b|af6 :jLst[ j}v/L sIff $

;g' fO

!= !% s;n] egs] f] xf] < nV] gx' f];\ M
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-v_ xfd|f bfhe' fO 5}gg\ . ÒÒÒÒÒÒ
-u_ Tof] tkfO{Fn] af]Sge' Psf] 8f]sf] rflxF lkmtf{ Nofpg;' \ . ÒÒÒÒÒÒ
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-ª_ lsg / < ÒÒÒÒÒÒ

@= !% ;'g/] pQ/ lbgx' f;] \ M
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xf]nfg\ ls /ftdf <
-v_ xh'/afnfO{ a'afn] le/af6 ˆofFSg'x'G5 eGg] s'/f ljgon]
s;/L yfxf kfof] xf]nf <
-u_ ljgon] 8f]sf] lsg lkmtf{ Nofpg eg]sf] /x]5 <
-3_ cGTodf s] eof] xf]nf <

#= ;'gfO kf7df ;'gs] f] syfnfO{ kfq kl/jtg{ u/L kg' sy{ g ugx'{ f;] \ .

204 jv} /L sIff $ kf7o\ qmd ljsf; s]Gba| f6 :jLs[t

af]nfO

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;'gfpg'xf];\ .

@= tnsf lrqx¿ x/] L ToxfF ePsf ;dfgtf / leGgtf atfpg'xf;] \ M

klxn]

clxn]

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atfpg'xf;] \ .

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k9fO

km/s

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hltsf] 5f]/f] lyof] . 5f]/f] Hofb} rGrn] / lh1f;' lyof] .

hf8fsf] df};d lyof] . o:t}df Pp6f ufyF} nL p8\b} cfof] / blngdf a:of] . 5f/] fn]
;fl] wxfNof] . a'afn] hafkm lbge' of] .

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aa' f Tof] s] xf] <

206 j}v/L sIff $ kf7o\ qmd ljsf; s]Gba| f6 :jLs[t

cln k/ Pp6f e'ml;lNs/f] bl] vof] . 5f]/fn] ;fl] wxfNof] .

a'af, Tof] rflxF s] xf] < To;nfO{ eml' ;lNs/f]
eG5g\ 5f/] f †

o;/L 5f]/fn] ;f]w]sf] ;a} k|Zgx¿sf] s'g} emGem6 gdfgL a'afn] pQ/ lbGy] . 5f/] fn]
aa' faf6 w/] } s'/f hfGb} 7n' f] eof] .

w]/} jif{kl5, afa' w]/} a'9f] eof] . p;sf] klxn]sf] ;fgf] 5f]/f] w]/} 7'nf] ePsf] lyof] .
Ps lbg afa' rflxF 3fd tflk/x]sf] lyof] . Pp6f dfG5] p;sf] 5f]/fnfO{ e6] \g cfof] .
s]xL ;dokl5 Tof] dfG5] uof] . afa' rflxnF ] ;f]Wof] .

afa' † sf] cfPsf] lyof] xF < d/] f] ;fyL † tkfO{F
lrGgx' 'Gg †

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kf7\oqmd ljsf; s]Gba| f6 :jLst[ j}v/L sIff $

sx] L a]/kl5 csf]{ dfG5] cfof] / 5f]/fnfO{ e]6]/ uof] .

clxn] cfpg] sf] slt s/fO/x]sf] <
xf] afa' < hf;] s' } xf;] \ g † tkfOn{F fO{ s]
rf;f] † sfdsfh 5g} . vfln

sf] xF sf] xF ul//fVof] <

5f/] fn] l/;fpFb} hafkm lbof] .
a'af rflxnF fO{ 5f]/fsf] Jojxf/n] b'Mlvt t'Nofof] . To;n} ] 6fpsfd] f xft /fVb} bl' Mvt
:j/df eg],

d a'9fn] bO' k{ 6s
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t/ tF ;fgf] xbF' f Pp6} s'/f ;of}kF 6s
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hafkm lbGy]F . of] s'/f slt rfF8}

el' n;\ <

a9' fsf] s'/fn] 5f]/f] gfhafkm eof] .

208 j}v/L sIff $ kf7o\ qmd ljsf; s]Gba| f6 :jLs[t

k9fO / n]vfO

!= tnsf zAbx¿ l7s;uF pRrf/0f ugx{' f;] \ M
k}Ftfln; jif{ Hofbf rGrn] uf}FynL em' l;lNs/f emGem6
rflxF emsf]{ Jojxf/ l/;fpFbf bM' lvt ;f]Wb}df :g]xkj" {s

@= dflysf] syf ;:j/ jfrg ug{'xf];\ .
#= dflysf] syfsf cfwf/df tnsf jfSox¿nfO{ qmddf /fVgx' f;] \ M

- _ 5f]/fn] ems{Fb} cfˆgf] ;fyL ePsf] atfof] .
- _ 5f]/f] afa'nfO{ cg]s k|Zg ;f]lw/xGYof] .
- _ km]l/ csf]{ dfG5] cfof] / e]6]/ uof] .
- _ afa' rflxF 5f]/fsf ;a} k|Zgx¿sf] emsf]{ gdfgL hafkm lbGy] .
- _ a'9f afa' cfFvf /fd|f] b]Vb}gy] / sfg klg /fd|f] ;G' b}gy] .
- _ Ps lbg Pp6f dfG5] 5f]/fnfO{ e]6\g cfof] / e]6]/ uof] .
- _ afa' 5f]/fsf] kf/f b]v]/ b'MvL eP .
- _ afa' rflxFn] Tof] dfG5] sf] /x]5 eg]/ hfGg rfx] .
- ! _ Pp6f dfG5]sf] ;fgf] / rGrn] 5f]/f] lyof] .
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- _ 5f]/f rflxFn] l/;fpFb} hf] eP klg tkfO{FnfO{ s] dtna eGg]

hafkm lbof] .
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$= b'O{ hgf ldn/] dflysf] lrqsyfdf ePsf] afa' / 5f]/fsf] ;+jfbnfO{
clego;lxt k|:tt' ug'x{ f];\ .
%= dflysf] lrqsyfdf ePsf b'O{ kfqdWo] v/fa kfq sf] xf] < sf/0f;lxt
atfpg'xf];\ .

209kf7\oqmd ljsf; s]Gb|af6 :jLs[t jv} /L sIff $

^= …km/sÚ eGg] syfaf6 rGb|laGb' - F _ / /]km - { _ nfu]sf kfrF kfFr
cf]6f zAb l6Kgx' f;] \ M
ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ

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*= lt;rfln; zAbdf pQ/ nV] g'xf];\ M

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-v_ …km/sÚ eGg] syfaf6 s] lzIff kfOG5 <
(= tnsf] kf7 k9g\ x' f];\ / Pp6f ;j+ fb agfpgx' f];\ M
/Hh'n] /fwfnfO{ lbbL gd:t] egL . /fwfn] /Hh'nfO{ gd:t] /Hh'
ltdL slxn] cfof} egL ;f]Wge' of] . /Hhn' ] cfkm" lxhf] dfq cfPsf]
s/' f atfO{ . /fwfn] ca slxn] kms{g] eg]/ ;f]Wg'eof] . /Hh'n] Ps
xKtfkl5 kms{g] s'/f atfO{ . /fwfn] /Hhn' fO{ ef]ln d]/f] 3/d} a:g]
u/L cfpm x} eGg'eof] . /Hh'n] xG' 5 egL .
/Hh' M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
/fwf M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
/Hh' M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
/fwf M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
/Hh' M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
/fwf M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
/Hh' M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
!)= tkfOsF{ f aa' f÷tkfOs{F L cfdf tkfOF{n] s] ubf{ l/;fpgx' G' 5 < pxfF
l/;fpg'ePsf] a]nfdf s] s] ugx{' 'G5 < lt;rfln; zAbdf n]Vgx' f;] \ .

!!= dflysf] syfnfO{ 5f6] s/Ldf n]Vgx' f;] \ .

210 jv} /L sIff $ kf7\oqmd ljsf; s]Gb|af6 :jLs[t

zAbe08f/

!= tnsf zAbsf] l7s cy{df /h] f nufpg'xf;] \ M

rGrn] nf];] r'nan' ] ?Gr]

lh1f;' hfGg OR5s' efUg OR5s' hfGg grfxg]

blng 5fgf] sf]7f 3/sf] tnfdl'gsf] nfdf] sf7

:g]xk"j{s dfofkj" {s l/;fpFb} lhl:sFb}

slG;/L tfTg' efF8f tflQg' l/; p7\g' lhp tfTg'

gfhafkm hafkm pQ/ lg?Q/

@= tnsf zAbx¿ k9g\ x' f;] \ . tL zAbx¿nfO{ tflnsfdf eg'{xf;] \ M
s[lif sfsf km' nL dfbn lutf/ cf}F7L k'mkfh' lzIf0f

;f;" ;f/ª\uL dG' b|L Jofkf/ hflu/ ltnx/L 9f]n a/fh'

k;] f gftf uxgf afhf
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

@= tnsf ;dfjz] s zAbsf tLg tLg cf6] f ;dfj]Zo zAb nV] g'xf];\ M
-s_ gbL M sf];L ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
-v_ lxdfn M ;u/dfyf ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
-u_ ;x/ M sf7df8f}F ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
-3_ t/sf/L M sfpnL ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
-ª_ r/f M 8fFkm] ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

211kf7\oqmd ljsf; sG] b|af6 :jLs[t jv} /L sIff $

Jofs/0f / j0fl{ jGof;

5f]/L M dfd' Û tkfO{Fsf] sg' } s'g} 7fpFdf skfn

;]tf] eP5 lg Û s] eP/ dfd' <
cfdf M ltdLn] ubf{ lg Û
5f]/L M d}n] ubf{ /] < s;/L <

cfdf M 5f]/f5f]/Ln] hlt w]/} g/fd|f] sfd u5{g\,

Tolt w]/} g} cfdfsf] skfn ;]tf] x'G5

gfg' .

5f]/L M P Û s'/f t d}n] aNn ae' m]F . tkfO{Fn] t emg\ w]/} g/fd|f] sfd

ug'{ePsf] /x]5 lg . To;}n] t xfd|L xh'/cfdfsf] skfn ;a} ;]tf]

ePsf] /x]5 .

!= dflysf] kf7af6 …tkfOFn{ ]Ú eGg] zAbaf6 ;'? ePsf] jfSo ;fg'{xf;] \ . ca

To; jfSonfO{ …ltdLn] Ú / …tnF} Ú] eGg] zAbaf6 ;?' x'g] u/L abNg'xf;] \ M

tkfO{Fn] M ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ

ltdLn] M ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ

t}Fn] M ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ

@= …sÚ sf] pbfx/0f x/] L …vÚ, …uÚ / …3Ú sf jfSox¿ abNg'xf;] \ M

-s_ pm eft vfG5 . -v_ pm :sn' uof] .

pgL eft vfG5g\ . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

pxfF eft vfg'xG' 5 . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

-u_ tF ldlxg]tL /lx5;\ . -3_ p;n] ef/L af]s]sf] 5 .

ltdL ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ pgn] ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

tkfO{F ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ pxfFn] ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

#= l7s 7fpFdf kbofu] jf kbljof]u u/L kg' n]v{ g ug'{xf;] \ M

-s_ aa' f nfO{ 5f]/f sf] Jojxf/ n] bM' vL agfof] .

-v_ tkfO{FnfO{s] rf;f] <

-u_ ltdLt lgs}g} 3dG8LeP5f} .

-3_ dnfO{ syf x¿;G' g/k9\g dgk5{

212 j}v/L sIff $ kf7\oqmd ljsf; s]Gb|af6 :jLs[t

;dx" df efiff

!= tLg tLg hgfsf] ;dx" aGg'xf];\ . ca x/s] ;d"xn] tnsf] cIf/ /
dfqfaf6 la;la; cf]6f zAb agfpgx' f];\ M

a f 6 f] g ' h L n ] d } t f} ; l

ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ca sg' } ;d"xsf] 6f]nL g]tfn] cfˆgf] ;dx" n] n]v]sf zAbx¿ ;a}nfO{
;g' fpg'kg]{5 . sg' } ;dx" n] n]v]sf zAbx¿ ;G' b} hfFbf cfˆgf] ;dx" n]
n]v]sf zAb;Fu ldNg uPsf xft p7fpg'kg]{5 . o;/L xft p7fPkl5
;g' fpg] ;d"xn] ldn]sf] zAb sf6\g'kg]{5 . o;} u/L ;a} ;dx" n]
cfkmn" ] n]v]sf zAbx¿ ;'gfpFb} / c¿sf] ;dx" n] ldn]sf] 5 egL
xft p7fPdf sf6\b} hfgk' g]{5 . ;a} ;d"xn] ;'gfO;s]kl5 hg' ;dx" n]
n]v]sf zAbx¿ ;aeGbf w]/} gsfl6Psf 5g\, Tof] ;d"x g} ljh]tf
aG5 .
@= b'O{ b'O{ hgfsf] ;dx" aGg'xf];\ . ca Ps hgfn] s'g} zAb eGgk' g]{ /
csf{n] ToxL zAb;Fu ;DalGwt csf]{ zAb kfFr ;]s]G8df elg;Sgk' g5]{ .
o;/L kfnk} fnf] Pscsfn{ ] eg]sf] zAb;uF ;DalGwt csf{] zAb kfFr
;s] G] 8leq eGb} hfg'kg5{] . h;n] kfFr ;]s]G8leq csf]{ ;DalGwt zAb
eGg ;Sb}g, Tof] k/flht xG' 5 .

-s_ -v_
:s'n k9fO
lstfa g]kfnL
axfb/' l;kfxL

213kf7\oqmd ljsf; sG] ba| f6 :jLst[ j}v/L sIff $

l;h{gf÷n3' kl/ofh] gf

!= tnsf aF'bfx¿sf cfwf/df 5f6] f] syf nv] L sIffdf ;'gfpgx' f;] \ M

-s_ e}/j / uLtf w'nfdf l;Gsf n'sfO v]Ng'

-v_ e}/jn] uNtLn] uLtfsf] cfFvfdf wn' f] kfg'{

-u_ uLtfn] cfFvf ldRg'

-3_ e}/jn] To;/L cfFvf gldRg a? wf/fdf uP/ kvfNg cg'/f]w
ug{'

-ª_ uLtfn] emg\ a]:;/L cfFvf ldRg' / cfFvf lau|]df t}Fn] g}
agfOlbgk' 5{ eGg'

-r_ e}/jn] cfFvfdf w'nf] k/]kl5 gldRg a? kvfNg hlt cg/' f]w
u/] klg uLtfn] gdfGg'

-5_ w'nf] k/]sf] cfFvf ldlr/fVgfn] uLtfsf] cfFvf lau|g'

@= tnsf gftf;DaGwsf zAbx¿nfO{ csf]{ :yfgLo efiffdf s] elgG5 <
l5ds] sf s'g} dflg;sf] ;xfotfn] n]vL sIffdf ;'gfpgx' f];\ M

g]kfnL efiffdf ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ efiffdf
aa' f
sfsf
dfdf
kmk' "
xh'/cfdf
efph"
legfh'

214 jv} /L sIff $ kf7o\ qmd ljsf; s]Gb|af6 :jLs[t

;g' fO l;ksf nflu tof/ kfl/Psf] l;8Ldf /flvPsf
kf7x¿

kf7 –! -;;+ f/ xfdf| ] k"mnaf/L_

dfG5]sf] hft km/skm/s xg' ;S5 t/ s'g} klg hft csf]{eGbf
;fgf] jf 7'nf] xF'b}g . dfG5]n] cfºgf] OR5fcg;' f/ lxGb,' O;fO{,
dl' :nd, af}4, ls/ft jf c¿ wd{ dfGg ;S5 . dfG5] wd{ gdfGg
klg ;S5 . t/ s'g} klg wd{ 7'nf] jf ;fgf] x'Fb}g . dfG5] lxdfn,
kxf8 / t/fO{dWo] hxfF klg a:g ;S5 . ufpF jf ;x/ hxfF klg
a:g ;S5 . a;fOsf] lx;fan] sf]xL klg 7'nf] jf ;fgf] x'Fb}g . dfG5]
lnª\usf b[li6n] gf/L jf k'?if x'g ;S5 . gf/L xF'b}df ;fgf] / k'?if
xF'b}df 7'nf] eGg] 5}g . dfG5]sf] 5fnfsf] /ª sfnf], uf]/f] jf uxF'uf]/f]
x'g ;S5 . t/ /ªs} sf/0f sf]xL ;Eo / sf]xL c;Eo xF'b}g .

kf7 –@ -wt" { ºofp/f] / rnfv efn_]

k5'tf]

Psfb]zdf Ps hgf a]kf/L;Fu Pp6f uwf / Pp6f 3f]8f lyof] . tL
a]kf/L uwfdf ;fdfg af]s]/ 3f]8fdf r9L ufpF ufpFdf ;fdfg a]Ry] .

Ps lbgsf] s/' f xf] . a]kf/Ln] uwfnfO{ w]/} ef/L af]sfPsf lyP .
ef/L clt g} ux|f}F ePsfn] uwfn] 3f]8fnfO{ eGof], æ3f]8f efO,
dnfO{ clnslt d2t u/ g . d t ux|f}F ef/Ln] ubf{ dg}{ nfu]F .Æ

3f]8fn] a]jf:tf ub}{ eGof], æef/L af]Sg] ltd|f] sfd xf] . d/ ls afFr,
dnfO{ s] dtna <Æ

uwfn] 3f8] fsf] ;xofu] kfPg . lar/f] uwf uxf| } ef/L afs] /] psfnfd] f
lx8F b\ flx8F b\ } aªn\ ªu\ k5fl/of] . To;kl5 sx] L a/] d} To; uwfsf] kf| 0f
uof] . uwf d/k] l5 ak] f/Ln] uwfn] afs] s] f] ;a} ef/L 3f8] fnfO{ afs] fP .

3f]8fnfO{ cfkm" n] uwfnfO{ c;xof]u u/]sfn] ;a} ef/L af]s]/ lxF8\g
k/]sfdf k5t' f] eof] .

215kf7\oqmd ljsf; s]Gb|af6 :jLst[ j}v/L sIff $

kf7 –# -cgf7} f] r/f] k]ª\uO' g_ ;fef/M dx]Gb|dfnf sIff–%

!= jiff{ ofd Ps lbg
7n' f] kfgL k¥of]
sfnf sfnf afbnn]
;]tf u]8L emf¥of] .

@= r'6\g;Dd r6' \of] cfh
kf¥of] lrnlan
atf;n] xfFuf] nf5\of]
uF'8 kU' of] tn .

#= ‰ofDdemD' d ?v lyof]
3/b]lv kfl/
Tof] ?vdf u'F8 nufO{
a:y] b'O6f r/L .

$= ufF; 5}g af; 5}g
;fgf ;fgf r/L
s] u/]/ lbge/
afFR5g\ s7}a/L †

%= lr/{lr/{ ldld{/]df
uLt ;'gfpFy]
cfkm}F sfd u/Lu/L
lbg latfpy]F .

^= x]/ ltgsf] b'Mv b]Vbf
xfd|f] dg ?G5 .
cfh ltgsf] b'Mv a'‰g]
1fgL dfG5] x'G5 .

216 j}v/L sIff $ kf7o\ qmd ljsf; s]Gba| f6 :jLs[t

kf7 –$ -5f]/LnfO{ lr7L_

lr7L k7fpFbf lgDg s'/fdf Wofg lbgk' 5{ M

!= ;aeGbf klxn] lr7L n]Vg],

@= lr7LnfO{ vfdleq xfn]/ vfddf 7]ufgf n]Vg],

#= xn' fs3/ uO{ l6s6 lsGg],

$= l6s6nfO{ vfddf 6fF:g],

%= l6s6;lxtsf] vfdaGbL lr7LnfO{ kqd~hi" ffdf xfNg] .

olt ul/;s]kl5 xn' fssf sd{rf/Ln] tkfO{Fn] n]Vge' Psf] lr7L
;DalGwt 7]ufgfdf k'¥ofOlbG5g\ .

kf7 –% -ljBfnosf] jflifs{ f]T;j_

dfgjhfltsf] pTklt x'Fbf dfG5]x¿ n'uf nufpFb}gy] . hf8f], 3fd
/ kfgLn] ;tfpg yfn]kl5 To; ;dosf dfG5]x¿n] ?vsf af]qmf,
hgfj/sf 5fnf / :ofpnfx¿ a]g{ yfn] . vf; u/L vfg]s/' fsf]
vf]hLdf Pp6f 7fpFaf6 csf]{ 7fpFdf hfFbf xfjfkfgLsf] km/s xG' Yof] .
o:tf] km/saf6 aRg] qmddf dfG5]x¿n] af]qmf, 5fnf / kftx¿sf]
k|of]u ug{ yfn] .

kf7 –^ -af:gfsf] df]n_

u|fxs M lbbL, of] cfn' s]hLsf] slt ?k}ofF xf] <
k;n] M krf; ?k}ofF xf] a}gL †
u|fxs M 6df6/ rflxF slt xf] lg <
k;n] M x'g t k}Ftfln; ?k}ofF xf] t/ rfln;df n}hfg" g .
u|fxs M To;f] eP bO' { s]hL cfn' / Ps s]hL 6df6/ lbg" t .
k;n] M xG' 5 alxgL, c¿ s] s] rflxof] <
u|fxs M cF, n;g' klg nfg'kg]{ . n;g' rflxF kfpsf] s;/L lg <
k;n] M n;'g kfpsf] klRr; ?k}ofF dfq xf] . /flvlbpmF <

217kf7\oqmd ljsf; sG] ba| f6 :jLs[t jv} /L sIff $

u|fxs M x'G5, Ps kfp /flvlbg" . of] wlgofF rflxF d7' fsf] slt
lg . clg sfutL <

k;n] M wlgofF d'7fsf] bz ?k}ofF / sfutL klg bfgfsf] bz g} .
kfFr bfgf sfutL nfg" g . rfln;d} lbG5' .

u|fxs M x'G5 lbbL . Ps d'7f wlgofF / kfFr bfgf sfutL lbg" g .
k;n] M eOxfN5 lg alxgL † c¿ s]xL rflxG5 ls <
u|fxs M kb}{g lbbL † clxn]nfO{ olt g} .
k;n] M kl5 klg cfpFb} ug"{ x} alxgL † ldnfP/ lbG5' .
u|fxs M xG' 5 lbbL † cfpFb} u5'{ lg .

;g' fO kf7 –& -/fi6«slj dfwjk|;fb l3ld/]_

gbL – /fi6«slj dfwj l3ld/]

;fgL gbL kj{taf6 eml5{g\
xfxf / x'x' jgleq ul5{g\
vf]nf / gfnf ;FlugL xhf/
cfP/ e]6\5g jgsf] k5' f/ .

of] 3fd5fofdo s~' hleq
5g\ OlGb|gLsf /rgf ljlrq
cfgGbdf r6\6 lkmhfO{ n6\6f
v]lN5g\ 5xf/Ld'lg lgTo u6\6f .

l/;fO{ kfvf kx/f n5fl5{g\
9ª' \uf / d'9f t6df k5fl5{g\
af9L / klx/fl;t u8u8fO{
ysfpFl5{g\ kj{t/fhnfO{ .

218 j}v/L sIff $ kf7\oqmd ljsf; s]Gb|af6 :jLst[

3d' ]/ x]/Lsg ufpFnfO{
kx/f kfvf xl/of agfO{
hflG5g\ logL b/" ;db' | e]6\g
;Sb}g sf]xL lognfO{ 5]Sg .

;gfO kf7 – * -cuj' f ls;fg eRrsnfn_

uf]ne8] f

uf]ne]8f nf]slk|o ;AhL xf] . o;nfO{ 6df6/ jf /fde]8f klg
elgG5 . of] t/sf/Ldf ld;fP/ vfOG5 . o;nfO{ crf/ agfP/ klg
vfOG5 . sfFr} ;nfbsf] ¿kdf klg vfOG5 . o;af6 ;;, s]rk
/ r6\gL klg aGb5 .

uf]ne]8f t/fO{, leqL dw]z / kxf8df lxpFb]afnLsf ¿kdf nufOG5 .
o;sf] v]tL hf8f]eGbf dWod vfnsf] xfjfkfgLdf pkoS' t x'G5 .
o;n] w]/} hf8f] jf w]/} udL{ vKg ;St}g . o;sf nflu xNsf anf}6]
tyf kfFuf] df6f] pkoS' t x'G5 .

uf]ne]8f w]/} hftsf xG' 5g\ . g]kfndf klg w]/} vfn] uf]ne]8fsf]
v]tL ul/G5 . sg' } uf]ne]8f 7n' f vfnsf x'G5g\ . s'g} rflxF ;fgf
;fgf cfsf/sf klg x'G5g\ . ?aL, dgk|]s;, /f]df, ;L=Pn !!#!,
dlgd]s/ cflb ljleGg hftsf uf]ne]8f xG' 5g\ .

kf7– ( -PsnJo_

krf; ?ko} fsF f] gf6]

pT;jn] aa' fsf] sf]6 emG' 8\ofpg] 7fpFdl' g krf; ?k}ofFsf] gf]6
e]6\of] . p;n] Tof] k};f cfˆgf] vNtLdf /fVof] . To;kl5 :s'n
lxF8\of] . :s'n kl' uGh]ndf p;sf dgdf cg]s s'/f v]ln/x] .

:s'ndf p;n] cfˆgf] ldNg] ;fyL ;fIfLnfO{ e]6\of] . p;n] ;fIfLsf]
sfg}g]/ dv' k¥' ofP/ v';S' s eof], æ;fIfL Û Pp6f uf]Ko s/' f d
ltdLnfO{ eG5' . s;}nfO{ geg x} .Æ

219kf7o\ qmd ljsf; s]Gb|af6 :jLst[ j}v/L sIff $

;fIfLn] egL, æxG' 5 Û t/ s] s/' f xf] klxn] eg g .Æ pT;jn] eGof],
æklxn] s;}nfO{ elGbgF eg]/ s;d vfpm . clg eG5' .Æ

;fIfLn] 3fF6L 5F'b} egL, æs;d elGbgF . ca ;'gfpm t .Æ

pT;jn] km]l/ v';v;' fpFb} eGof], æcfh d}n] a'afsf] sf]6 emG' 8\ofpg]
7fpFsf] e'OFdf krf; ?k}ofF e]6]sf] 5' . ltdL / d e/] 3/ kms{bf
af6fdf kfgLk/' L vfg'k5{ .Æ

pT;jsf] s/' f ;g' ]/ ;fIfL Ps l5g t kSs k/L . clg 7'nf] :j/n]
u'?cfdfnfO{ af]nfpFb} egL, æk"hf ld; Û pT;jn] t 3/af6 krf;
?k}ofF rf]/]/ NofPsf] /x]5 .Æ

kf7 –!) -uf/] ]6f]df cfOof_]

æ/f]u xfdLn] lgDtf] lbPkl5 dfq cfpF5 .Æ o; egfOdf w]/} ;Totf
5.

xfdLnfO{ vf; u/L bO' { s/' fsf] nfk/afxLn] /f]u nfU5– Pp6f
vfgkfgsf] nfk/afxL / csf]{ ultljlwsf] nfk/afxL . xfdLn]
vfg gxg' ] s/' fx¿ vfof}F eg] xfdL la/fdL x'G5f}F . slxn]sfxLF vfg
x'g] vfg]s/' f klg w]/} vfG5f}F / la/fdL x'G5f}F . slxn] eg] vfg
gkfP/ jf gvfP/ klg la/fdL x'G5f}F . To;}n] xfdLn] /f]uaf6 aRg
vfgkfgdf Vofn ug'{k5{ .

xfdL w]/} sfd ubf{ jf v]Nbf klg la/fdL xG' 5f}F . xfdL s]xL gu/L
a:of}F eg] klg la/fdL x'G5f}F . To;}n] :j:y /xg xfdLn] l7s dfqfdf
kl/>d ug'{k5{ . z/L/nfO{ tGb?' :t /fVg plrt ultljlw ug'{k5{ .

kf7 –!! -d]/f ;fyLx¿sf] :jefj_

xfdL lbgxF' w]/} dfG5]x¿;Fu e]6\5f}F t/ xfdLn] e]6]sf ;a} dfG5]x¿
xfd|f ldq aGb}gg\ . To:tf ;a} JolSt;Fu xfd|f] ldqtf ufFl;b}g .

ldqtf s:tf JolStx¿lar ufFl;G5 eGg] Plsg xF'b}g . klxn] slxNo}

220 j}v/L sIff $ kf7\oqmd ljsf; s]Gb|af6 :jLst[

gb]v]sf, ge]6]sf JolStx¿ klg Ps}k6ssf] e]6df ;bf ;bfsf
nflu ldq aGg ;S5g\ t}klg ldq agfpg] ;aeGbf pQd tl/sf
d:' s'/fpg' xf] . d:' sfgn] gofF JolStnfO{ cfkml" t/ cfslif{t u5{
/ s/' fsfgL ug{ ;lhnf] agfpF5 . p;sf] aflx/} b]lvg] s'g} /fd|f]
s/' fsf] k|z;+ fn] t ;j+ fbsf] 9f]sf g} vf]lnlbG5 . clg t hlt;'s}
gofF JolSt klg xfd|f] ldq algxfN5 .

ldq agfpg' ;lhnf] 5 t/ ldqtf sfod /fVg' ufx|f] 5 . To;}n]
ldqtf sfod /fVg ;lsFb}g h:tf] nfU5 eg] leqtf g} gufF;]sf]
a]; xG' 5 .

;Fu} k9\g], ;Fu} v]Ng], sfd ug]{ jf Ps} 7fpFdf a:g]x¿lar ;lhn}
ldqtf ufFl;G5 . o;sf ;fy} Ps} vfnsf] ?lr / :jefj ePsf
dfG5]x¿lar klg ;lhn} ldqtf ‰ofFluG5 .

kf7 –!@ -an / a'l4_

/d]z eGg] dfG5] Pp6f sf/vfgfdf b}lgs Ps xhf/ ?k}ofF kfpg] u/L
sfd ug{ uof] . p;n] klxnf] lbg sfd u/]afkt Ps xhf/ ?k}ofF
Hofnf kfof] . To; lbgsf] sfd /fd|f] nfu]/ sf/vfgf dflnsn]
p;nfO{ la; ?k}ofF alS;; lbof] . bf];|f] lbg sfd u/]afkt p;n]
Ps xhf/ Hofnf / yk lt; ?k}ofF alS;; kfof] . t];|f] lbg sfd
u/]afkt p;n] Ps xhf/ ?k}ofF Hofnf / yk rfln; ?k}ofF alS;;
kfof] . rf}yf] lbg sfd u/]afkt p;n] Ps xhf/ ?k}ofF Hofnf
kfof] . o; lbg rflxF p;n] yk bz ?k}ofF dfq alS;; kfof] . rf/
lbg sfd ubf{ /d]zn] hDdf slt ?k}ofF sdfof] <

kf7– !# -e]86] f/;Ddsf] e|d0f_

g]kfnsf] pQ/L efudf k"j{ d]rLb]lv klZrd dxfsfnL;Dd} ;G' b/
lxdfnx¿ 5g\ . oxL ee" fudf ;+;f/sf] ;jf]{Rrrn' L ;u/dfyf
5 . s~hghª\3f, dsfn', cGgk"0f{, wjnflul/ cflb lxdfnx¿

221kf7\oqmd ljsf; s]Gba| f6 :jLst[ j}v/L sIff $

5g\ . oxfF afx|} dlxgf lxpF kl/x/G5 / xfjfkfgL zLtn x'G5 .
oxL b]zdf lxdfnkfl/sf] b]z eg]/ lrlgg] dgfª / d:' tfª h:tf
lhNnfx¿ 5g\ .

g]kfnsf] dWo efudf kxf8 / pkTosfx¿ 5g\ . oxfF snsn ub}{
aUg] vf]nfgfnf / 5ª5ªfpb} emg]{ em/gfx¿ 5g\ . afx|} dlxgf
xl/ofnL 5fO/xg] ?v jg:kltn] 9flsPsf kfvfx¿ 5g\ . dg}
nf]Eofpg] t/]nL / yD' sfx¿ 5g\ . km]jftfn / cg]sf} s'08x¿ 5g\ .

g]kfnsf] blIf0f efudf ;dy/ d}bfg 5 . o:tf d}bfgx¿ cGgsf
e08f/ xg' \ . k/ k/;Dd km}lnPsf] 3gf hª\un 5g\ . tL hª\unx¿
sf7, 3fF;, bfp/fsf ;|f]t x'g\ . To;sf ;fy} af3, efn,' xfQL,
uF}8f h:tf b'n{e hgfj/sf jf;:yfg xg' \ . oxL ;dy/ d}bfgdf
7'nf7n' f a:tL / cg]s pBf]u wGbfx¿ 5g\ .

g]kfnsf] lxdfn ,kxf8 / t/fO{ ;a}lt/sf] e|d0f ug{ ;s] cg]s
1fg / dgf]/~hg k|fKt xG' 5 . oxfFsf km/s xfjfkfgL , efiff, e]if
/ ;+:s[ltsf] hfgsf/L k|fKt x'G5 .

kf7 –!$ -kfgL_

xfdL gf;kftL, d]jf, cDaf, cfn'av8f, s]/f, ;G' tnf h:tf
kmnk"mn vfG5f}F . uf]ne]F8f, cfn', sfFqmf], km;L{, ufFh/, ;fu, Kofh
h:tf ;fu;AhL vfG5f}F . dvg, b'w, dx, lrgL, t]n, lrp/f, eft
vfG5f}F . df;', df5f, cG8f klg vfG5f}F . xfdLn] vfg] o:tf ;a}
s'/fdf kfgL x'G5 . km/s olt xf]– sg' }df kfgLsf] dfqf w]/} xG' 5,
s'g}df yf]/} x'G5 . k|ltztsf b[li6n] eGg] xf] eg] gf;kftLdf *!,
d]jfdf **, cDafdf *! k|ltzt kfgL xG' 5 . To;} u/L cfna' v8fdf
*^, s]/fdf &%, ;G' tnfdf *& k|ltzt kfgL xG' 5 . ;fu;AhLdWo]
uf]ne]F8fdf ($, cfnd' f ^*, sfFqmf]df (^, km;L{df (! k|ltzt kfgL
x'G5 . cGo s'/fdWo] dvgdf !^, b'wdf **, t]ndf #, lrp/fdf
#=% / eftdf $@ k|ltzt kfgL xG' 5 .

222 j}v/L sIff $ kf7o\ qmd ljsf; s]Gb|af6 :jLs[t

kf7 –!% -km/s_
æslQ vf]ls/x]sf] < /fd|/L ;T' g klg kfOFb}g .Æ cfºgf] a9' f] ;;'/f
vf]ls/x]sf] ;g' ]/ emsf]{ dfGb} :jf:gL rflxFn] nf]Ug]nfO{ egL, æx]g{';\
x} ljgosf] kfkf † ls of] a'9fnfO{ yGsf] nufpg';\ ls of] a'9f
gd?Gh]n dnfO{ dfOtd} a:g lbg;' \ † d lbg/ftsf] of] a'9fsf]
VofªVofª / xFxFsf] cfjfh ;'g]/ a:g ;lSbgF x} . eGb\of 5' .Æ
:jf:gLsf] 3s' L{ ;g' ]/ nf]Ug] rflxFn] eGof], æTo;f] geg g ljgosL
cfdf † a9' fnfO{ s;/L yGsf] nufpg] < xfd|f bfh'efO 5}gg\ .
bfhe' fO ePsf eP t pgLx¿sxfF k7fOlbP eOxfNYof] .Æ
:jf:gLn] cln ;fgf] cfjfh kfb}{ egL, æ;G' g;' \ t † o;f] ug'{;\ .
a'9fnfO{ 8fS6/sxfF n}hfg] eg]/ 8f]sfdf af]Sg';\ . k/sf] tf/]le/df
k'u]kl5 lrKn]h:tf] u/]/ a'9fnfO{ le/af6 n8fOlbg;' \ . To;kl5 t
6G6} ;fkm †Æ
:jf:gLsf] hl' St Tof] hf]Ol6ª\u|] nf]Ug]nfO{ klg /fd|f] nfUof] . pgLx¿
s]xL a]/ o:t} ;Nnfx u/]/ lgbfP .
ef]lnkN6 8f]sfdf xh'/afnfO{ /fv]/ lxF8\g cfF6]sf afan' fO{ ljgon]
eGof], æa'af † Tof] tkfO{Fn] af]Sge' Psf] 8f]sf] rflxF lkmtf{ Nofpg;' \
x} .Æ
ælsg / <Æ afan' ] ;fwf/0f 9ª\un] eGof] .
ælsg x'g' / < kl5 tkfO{F a'9f] ePkl5 tkfO{FnfO{ tf/]le/af6 ºofFSg
dnfO{ 8f]sf] rflxFb}g t <Æ ljgon] ;fwf/0f tl/sfn] g} hafkm
lbof] .
5f]/fsf] hafkm ;g' ]/ pm g/fd|/L em:Sof] .

223kf7\oqmd ljsf; sG] b|af6 :jLst[ j}v/L sIff $