Applied Grammar 3

5. Some nouns can be made by adding ‘ing’ to verb.
Fill in the blanks by adding ‘ing’ to the words in the brackets.
1. ..C...l.i.m...b..i.n..g..............tree is very difficult (climb)
2. ............................. is an interesting activity. (swim)
3. ............................. late is a bad habit. (get)
4. .............................lazy is not good. (be)
5. ............................. alcohol kills men. (drink)
6. ............................. animals is dangerous. (hunt)
7. ............................. roads without green light is not safe. (cross)

6. Guess who can help in the following cases.
a. Nishant is confused in his Mathematics exercise.
....................................................................................................
b. Some robbers are attacking Mohan.
....................................................................................................
c. Aditya has torn his shirt.
....................................................................................................
d. Kabita wants to build a new house.
....................................................................................................
e. Nisha and Namrata want to cross a river in a boat.
....................................................................................................
f. Dhani Ram's shop has been caught in fire.
....................................................................................................

Help Box
Fireman Mason Policeman Teacher Boatman Tailor

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-3 51

7. Which of the following items are needed for boys, girls or for
both? Put them in the suitable columns.

shirt trousers blouse coat socks skirt

t-shirt pants frock hat jacket scarf

ring lipstick surwal sari ribbon watch

kurta eyeliners necklace eye-shadow

Only boys Only girls Both

52 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-3

Lesson Noun: Number
(Singular/Plural)
7

Before you begin

Read the sentences and notice the numbers.

• I have a head. • I have a nose.

• I have a brother. • I have a taxi.

• I have two hands. • I have ten fingers.

• I have two sisters. • I have many friends.

Look, read and learn.

This is a bird. These are birds.

This is a boy. These are boys.

This is a car. These are cars.
Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-3 53

For Your Memory

• In the above sentences ‘a bird, a boy, a car and a girl’ are singular
because they denote only one.

• ‘Birds, boys, cars and girls’ are plural because they denote more
than one.

• The noun denoting one person, animal, place or thing is singular
number.

• The noun denoting more than one person, animal, place or thing
is plural number.

Read about pandas and notice the singular and plural number
of nouns.

Pandas are endangered species. Here
are two photos. In the first photograph,
there are two small babies of the
panda. In the second photograph, their
mother is shown. Pandas are one of the
most beautiful animals in the world.
Their toys are famous like teddy bears.
Pandas look like bears but they have
got black and white patches on their
body. They feed on only bamboos.
They are herbivorous animals. They
are found in the mountainous regions
of China.

54 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-3

Formation of Plurals

A. By adding 's' to the singular.

Singular Plural Singular Plural
book books door doors
girls
boy boys girl chairs
friends
arm arms chair holidays
kites
cow cows friend houses
rooms
fan fans holiday jugs
faces
dam dams kite
Plural
doll dolls house benches
peaches
ear ears room witches
foxes
flag flags jugs coaches
brushes
game games face dresses
losses
B. By adding 'es' to the singular mangeoes

Singular Plural Singular
mosquito mosquitoes bench

hero heroes peach

church churches witch

bus buses fox
class classes coach

watch watches brush

match matches dress

glass glasses loss

dish dishes mango

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-3 55

C. By changing 'y' into 'i' and adding 'es'

Singular Plural Singular Plural
industries
library libraries industry fairies
pantries
army armies fairy babies
cities
diary diaries pantry countries
lilies
story stories baby
Plural
copy copies city halves
loaves
lady ladies country wolves
leaves
fly flies lilty thieves

D. By changing 'f, fe' into 'v' and adding 'es' Plural
oxen
Singular Plural Singular children
calf calves half women
wife wives loaf mice
shelf shelves wolf
knife knives leaf
life lives thief

E. By changing vowels

Singular Plural Singular
ox
foot feet child
woman
tooth teeth mouse

man men

goose geese

Listen and speak

Sound /†/
thief, maths, think, three, thin, thank, thrice
Sound /Iz/
classes, bushes, benches, houses, buses, judges, goddesses

56 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-3

Exercise-1 Class Activity

1. If the noun is singular, write (S) and if the noun is plural,
write (P) at the end of each sentence.

a. Please take this chair. .................................

b. We are eating apples. .................................

c. The men are dancing. .................................

d. There were several plants. .................................

e. I heard the boy crying. .................................

f. Four thieves were arrested yesterday. .................................

2. Change these nouns into plural.

Bag Boy Leaf Pen Pencil

Friend Bat Cap Chair Key

3. Change the following singular nouns into plural ones by
adding s or es.

a. doll .................... b. potato ....................
c. toy .................... d. gas ....................
e. letter .................... f. glass ....................
g. book .................... h. mango ....................
i. cap .................... j. watch ....................
k. table .................... l. brush ....................
m. chair .................... n. bus ....................
o. hand .................... p. bench ....................

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-3 57

4. Change the following plural nouns into singular ones.

a. stories .................... b. doors ....................

c. horses .................... d. rupees ....................

e. lions .................... f. taxes ....................

g. proofs .................... h. oceans ....................

i. keys .................... j. seals ....................

k. birds .................... l. valleys ....................

m. pots .................... n. negroes ....................

o. dogs .................... p. trees ....................

q. heroes .................... r. bananas ....................

Exercise-2 Homework

1. Fill in the blanks using plural forms of nouns given in
brackets.
a. Sabina is cleaning ...................... . (glass)
b. ...................... are very useful. (radio)
c. These ...................... are mine. (dish)
d. Rajendra cut four .................. of that tree yesterday. (branch)
e. There were many ...................... in the meeting. (table)
f. The assistant set all the ...................... in the class. (bench)
g. I have two ...................... . (camera)
h. Look at these ...................... . (ball)

58 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-3

2. Change the names of these sentences into plural and rewrite.

a. I saw a girl there. ...........................................

b. donkey is going by. ...........................................

c. A cat sat on the mat. ...........................................

d. A book is on the table. ...........................................

e. A thief stole my bicycle. ...........................................

f. This pen is mine. ...........................................

g. A man is running. ...........................................

h. A doctor came here. ...........................................
3. Change the names of these sentences into singular and rewrite.

a. The children were playing. ...........................................

b. Buffaloes are grazing. ...........................................

c. I like mangoes and bananas. ...........................................

d. Boys were reading books. ...........................................

e. The boys have pens. ...........................................

f. The children are weeping. ...........................................

g. Asses brayed in the fields. ...........................................

h. The men drank glasses of milk. ...........................................

i. The leaves fell off the trees. ...........................................

j. Foxes steal geese. ...........................................

k. The girl had watches. ...........................................

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-3 59

Exercise-3 Class Activity

1. Write the singular number.

Singular Plural Singular Plural Singular Plural
................. classes ................. matches ................. mangoes
................. cuckoos
................. boxes ................. stars ................. mice
................. deer
................. babies ................. leaves

................. geese ................. dolls

2. Write the plural number.

Singular Plural Singular Plural Singular Plural

buffalo ................. eye ................. potato .................

mat ................. army ................. bench .................

tooth ................. radio ................. knife .................

3. Change the highlighted nouns into their plural forms.

a. Look at the toy. ...................................................

b. The goose swam. ...................................................

c. I know the lady. ...................................................

d. The thief stole things. ...................................................

e. He sold his buffalo. ...................................................

f. My tooth needed filling. ...................................................

g. The child played happily. ...................................................

h. The man fed the donkey. ...................................................

i. They brought the ox to draw the cart. .............................................

60 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-3

4. Change the highlighted nouns into their singular forms and
rewrite the sentences with necessary corrections:
a. Show your shoes.
........................................................................................................
b. The dry leaves fell off.
........................................................................................................
c. We are proud of our heroes.
........................................................................................................
d. The workers dug the ditches.
........................................................................................................
e. The flies sat on the mangoes.
........................................................................................................
f. The boys destroyed the nests of the birds.
........................................................................................................
g. The buffaloes are grazing.
........................................................................................................
h. These are rotten potatoes.
........................................................................................................
i. Sita has two pencils.
........................................................................................................
j. Sakriya loves her sisters.
........................................................................................................

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-3 61

Lesson

9 Pronoun and Its Types

Before you begin

Read and identify the pronouns.
I lived in a village many years ago. There
was a beautiful forest near by the village.
It was dense forest. The villagers were
very honest and hard-working. They
were busy working in their fields. They
protected the forest as if it was their own.
My uncle used to go to forest in order to
bring some firewood. He was very young then.

Look, read and learn.

Ramesh is driving. A dog is here.
He is a driver. It is barking.

Bipana is dancing. Boys are here.
She is a dancer. They are playing.

62 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-3

For Your Memory

• The highlighted words 'he, she, it, they' are used in place of
nouns. They are called pronouns.

• The words used instead of nouns are called pronouns.
• 'I' and 'we' stand for persons who are speaking. 'You' stands for

the person spoken to. 'He, she, it they' stand for persons or things
spoken about.

Read these sentences.

► I am Ashish. ► You are Sabin.

► I live in Rajpur with my parents. ► Your house is in Sarlahi.

► He is a teacher. ► She is a nurse.

► I do my homework myself. ► This is her pencil.

► They finish their work themselves. ► That is my book.

Coloured words in the above sentences are used as pronouns.

Types of Pronouns

1. Personal 2. Reflexive 3. Interrogative

4. Relative 5. Demonstrative 6. Indefinite

7. Distributive

Examples:

1. Personal pronoun (I, me, mine, we, us, ours, you, yours, he, him,
his, she, her, hers, it, they, them, theirs, etc.)

2. Reflexive pronoun (myself, ourselves, yourself, yourselves, himself,
etc.)

3. Demonstrative pronoun (this, that, these, those, such, etc.)

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-3 63

4. Interrogative pronoun (what, who, which, whom, whose, why,
how, etc.)

5. Relative pronoun (who, which, whom, whose, that, etc.)
6. Indefinite pronoun (any one, every, many, all, none, some, etc.)
7. Distributive pronoun (each, either, neither, etc.)

1. Personal pronoun

The pronouns used for persons or things are called personal
pronoun.

Example: I am Anu. I live with my parents. My parents love me a lot.

Forms of personal pronoun

First person Second person Third person
Singular Plural Singular Plural Singular Plural
I we you you he, she, it they

me us him, her, it

my our your yours his, her, its

mine ours

2. Reflexive pronoun

The pronoun that reflects upon the subject is known as reflexive
pronoun. It is also called emphatic pronoun.

Look, read and learn.

I work myself. You cook yourself.
64 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-3

She writes herself. She plays herself.

They will sell themselves. That dog barks itself.

Coloured words are used as reflexive pronouns.

Kinds of person

First person Second person Third person

Myself, Yourself, Himself, herself,
ourselves yourselves themselves

Formation of reflexive pronouns Reflexive pronoun

Personal pronoun myself
ourselves
Nominative Possessive yourself/yourselves
herself
I my herself
we our himself
you your
she her
he his
they their

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-3 65

3. Demonstrative pronoun
A pronoun that is used to point out the object or objects to which it

refers is called demonstrative pronoun.
Read the following sentences.

This is my country. These are cocks.

This is my house. Those are goats.

Coloured words are used as demonstrative pronouns.

4. Interrogative pronoun

A pronoun that is used to ask a question is called an interrogative
pronoun. It is also called a questioning pronoun.

Read the following sentences.

a. What is your name? b. Why are you sad?

c. Who is singing? d. When do you come?

e. Whom did you play with? f. Whose pen is this?

g. Where are you sitting? h. How are you today?

i. Which is your bag?

Coloured words are used as interrogative pronouns.

Note: Relative, indefinite and distributive pronouns are not
elaborated here. You will learn about them in Class Four.

66 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-3

Listen and speak

Sound /ai/
try, sky, fly, shy, buy, lie, die, tie, pie, my, by, fry, cry, night, light, fight,
kite, right
Sound /v/
give, vest, vine, cave, van, save, move, stove, drive, knives, wives,
thieves
Sound /N/
evening, morning, spring, finger, young, ring, sing, song, long bring.

Exercise-1 Class Activity

1. Find out the pronouns and write them.
a. That house is his. .........................................

b. The bag is yours. .........................................

c. That ribbon is hers. .........................................

d. My book is blue. .........................................

e. The pen is mine. .........................................

f. Your cap is black. .........................................
2. Fill in the blanks with suitable pronouns.

a. ......................................... am going to school.

b. ......................................... is a good girl. they
c. I gave ......................................... a mango. you
d. ......................................... are coming to us. she
e. What are ......................................... doing here? her
3. Fill in the blanks with suitable pronouns.
a. .................... are students. I

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-3 67

b. .................... is an intelligent girl.

c. .................... is an honest boy.

d. .................... am a teacher.

e. .................... are happy.

f. .................... are very helpful.
4. Fill in the blanks with interrogative pronouns (what, how,

why, were, who). You can repeat the pronouns if they are
suitable.
a. ............................................. is knocking at the door?
b. ............................................. do you want to see?
c. ............................................. does she clean the room?
d. ............................................. did he ask this question?
e. ............................................. did she learn in the class?
f. ............................................. did she learn in the class?
g. ............................................. can you do this work?
h. ............................................. do they make a noise?
i. ............................................. are you from?

Exercise-2 Homwework

1. Change the personal pronouns into reflexive pronouns and
write whether they are first, second or third person.

Personal Reflexive Person
I
We
You
It
She
He
They

68 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-3

2. Use the given pronouns in your own sentences.
a. Myself : ..................................................................
b. Ourselves : ..................................................................
c. Itself : ..................................................................
d. Yourself : ..................................................................
e. Themselves : ..................................................................

3. Fill in interrogative pronouns in the blanks:
which, whom, what, whose, who
a. .................... is knocking at the door?
b. To ................... did you inform?
c. She asked .................... I was looking for.
d. ...................of these flowers will you take?
e. .................. umbrella is that?

4. Make questions by using i.n..t..e..rrogative pronouns.
a. Who is a doctor? He is a doctor.
b. ..............................................? She is an engineer.
c. ...............................................? She is in the class.
d. ..............................................? He wants a cup of tea.
e. ..............................................? She is playing football.
f. ...............................................? Kushal has his book.
g. ..............................................? Today is Sunday.

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-3 69

Exercise-3 Class Activity

1. Match the following pronouns. B
A

I • yourself

We • herself

You • myself

She • ourselves

He • themselves

They • himself
2. Match the following pronouns.

A B

I • you
We • him
You • me
She • them
He • us
They • her

3. Use suitable forms of pronouns.

a. He gave (I) a bag. ................................................

b. I gave (she) a book. ................................................

c. Let (we) sing together. ................................................

d. (I) have a nice book. ................................................

e. This is (he) pen. ................................................

f. (he) loves (she) more than (I). ................................................

4. Fill in the blanks with suitable pronouns. (he/they)
a. ...............is a smart boy.

b. Can you give ..................a pen? (me/she)

70 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-3

c. She spoke with ......................... . (them/she)

d. Teacher gives ..................homework. (us/we)

e. Do ................. know Shovita? (you/her)

f. What is ...................... name? (you/your)

5. Fill in the blanks with I, we, you, she, he, it or they.

a. Look at that man. ..................... is a policeman.

b. Your pencil is lying on the floor..................are a forgetting boy.

c. .....................are playing in the field.

d. I get up at 5 o’ clock. You get up at 5 o’ clock. .....................get up
at 5 o'clock.

e. That woman is walking with a stick. ..................... is blind.

f. Rekha cannot find her handkerchief.....................lost it.

g. Sarita has sent me some books. ................... are very interesting.

h. Mosquitoes trouble me. .................. do not let me sleep.

i. Do not go out in the rain. .....................will catch a cold.

j. Cows give us milk. ..................... are very useful.
6. Pick out the first person pronouns in the following sentences

and write them in the blank spaces given against each
sentence.
a. I know Mahesh. ...............................

b. I love him. ...............................

c. He will come to me today. ...............................

d. We never tell a lie. ...............................

e. I give him my boons. ...............................

f. We respect our teachers. ...............................

g. He gives me his books. ...............................

h. We go to our schools. ...............................

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-3 71

7. Pick out the second person pronouns in the following
sentences and write them in blanks given against each
sentence.
a. Which is your dog? ...............................

b. Why does he beat you? ...............................

c. Respect your elders. ...............................

d. Your voice is sweet. ...............................

e. Jayaram will teach you. ...............................
f. I shall give you a present. ...............................

g. Do you love me? ...............................

h. You are a good student. ...............................

8. Pick out the third person pronouns in the following sentences
and write them in the blanks given against each sentence.
a. Hemkumar is his brother. ...............................

b. Her friends were happy. ...............................

c. He reads his books. ...............................

d. They walk in a park. ...............................
e. It is a costly pen. ...............................

f. It is a green bird. ...............................

g. He is a good doctor. ...............................

h. Why do they laugh? ...............................

9. Put a suitable pronoun in each blank space.

his their her my our your its

a. I am a teacher. This is ..................... school.

b. We are students. These are ..................... books.

c. You teach in a school. They are ..................... students.

d. He is a driver. This is ..................... ambulance.
e. She has a lovely bag. That must be ..................... bag.

f. This is a dog. That is ..................... tail.

g. They are farmers. That is ..................... farm.

72 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-3

Lesson

10 Verbs: Uses and Types

Before you begin

Look, read and learn.

Swarnim is a good boy. He wakes up early in the
morning. He brushes his teeth and takes a bath. He eats
his lunch. He wears his school dress and goes to school.
He does his homework everyday. Every teacher likes
him very much. He is very clever and smart. One day
he found a bag full of money. He gave it to the police.
The policeman rewarded him saying he was an honest
boy.
In the above sentences coloured words are verbs.
Conversation practice

What is called a verb?

The word that refers to
some work or action is

called a verb.

What are the types of
verbs?

There are two types
of verbs.

Please, tell me what They are main verb
they are: and auxiliary verb.

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-3 73

Are there any types of
main verbs?

Yes. There are.

Can you tell me what
they are?

Yes, of course, they
are: transitive and
intransitive verbs.

Read the following sentences carefully.

'A' 'B'
She plays with the dolls. She is playing with the dolls.

You read a novel. You are reading a novel.
The child weeps loudly. The child is weeping loudly.
The peon rings the bell. The peon is ringing the bell.

The coloured words in both column 'A' and 'B' are verbs. They are also called
action words. The verbs in column 'A' tell what the person does in general and
verbs in column 'B' indicate continuous actions the person is doing.

For Your Memory
• A word that tells what a person, animal, thing does is called verb.
• A verb is also called an action word.

Showing action

Showing possession Function Showing something
Showing state of verbs Helping other verbs

74 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-3

Remember the following facts about verbs.
► 'Is, has, was' and verb forms like 'eats, writes, plays' etc. are singular.
► Am is singular and used with 'I'.
► 'Are, have, were' and verb forms like 'eat, write, play', etc. are plural.
► I, we and they take 'have'.
► 'I' takes 'was'.

Listen and speak

Sound /IE/
deer, fear, tear, near, year, bear
Sound /eE/
fare, chair, care, pair

Exercise-1 Class Activity

1. Circle the verbs in the following sentences.
a. She had no pen. b. I was innocent.
c. Go there at once. d. That is a book.
e. Children like sweets. f. Bipana goes to temple.
g. We live in Nepal. h. You have a book.

2. Fill in the blanks with appropriate verbs.
was, is, have, has, had, spoke
a. A car ………………. four wheels.
b. Lord Krishna ………………. the flute.
c. You ………………. four apples.
d. The baby ………………. loudly.
e. Ricky ………………. a cricketer.
f. Ram ………………. a prince.

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-3 75

3. Match the nouns in group ‘A’ with the verbs in group ‘B’.

Group ‘A’ Group ‘B’

a. Dogs burns

b. A rubber-ball hisses

c. The flower revolves

d. This chair bark

e. The dry leaves flow

f. The snake smells

g. Fire fall

h. Rivers bounces

4. Fill in the blanks with verbs, choosing from the box below.
is are grown shines has wear lays was is

a. The sun …..........… in the sky.

b. Bhupatindra Malla …..........… a king.

c. Sita …..........… an ideal woman.

d. The hen …..........… eggs.

e. A month …..........… thirty days.

f. Girls …..........… frocks.

g. Wheat is …..........… in Nepal.

h. Elephants…..........… huge animals.

i. Sapana …..........… Bipana’s sister.

j. Kathmandu …......… the capital city of Nepal.

76 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-3

Exercise-2 Homework

1. Some subjects are given under ‘A’ and some action words are
given under ‘B’. Match the action words with the subjects
and write complete sentences in the spaces below.

A B

a. The cocks dance

b. The dogs roars

c. The birds crow

d. The horse play

e. The tiger fly
f. The girls runs

g. The players bark

h. The teacher ploughs the field
i. My sister won the match

j. The students teaches us

k. The farmer read a book
l. Our team loves me

a. ....................................... b. .......................................
c. ....................................... d. .......................................
e. ....................................... f. .......................................
g. ....................................... h. .......................................
i. ....................................... j. .......................................
k. ....................................... l. .......................................

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-3 77

Exercise-3 Class Activity

1. Look at the puzzle, read carefully and find out as many verbs
as you can.

QO S I NGKQT C I W

A PWR VO B E Y S L A

S F I WZ A T B BWB L

I LMAK E N T U RNK

NYX PNSDT I ORT

G H S L O L M X T WN K

NA I B C OME C E A T

DHT F K B UYORUN

Listen and speak

Sound /l/
last, like, lake, leaf, leg, letter, large, loud, light, lamp, lion
Sound /n/
night, name, new, nest, nice, nail, net, nose, no

78 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-3

Lesson Helping Verbs

11

Before you begin

Look, read and learn.

Our school principal has announced this week
as a sports week. All of the teachers have told
us to play. All of the students are playing in
the playground. I am singing and my friends
are dancing. Malini is flying a kite. We can be
free today. We may get prizes by showing our
good performance. Our parents will come to see our activities. Do
you also like to see our programme?

Conversation practice

Hello Kajol, what A word which helps
do you mean by the main verb is
known as helping
helping verb?
verb. It is also called
an auxiliary verb.

How many helping There are altogether

verbs are there? 24 helping verbs.

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-3 79

Can you tell me Yes, they are: 'is am,
those helping are, was, were, has,
verbs? have, had, do, does,
did, shall, should, will,
would, can, could, may,
might, must, ought to,
need, used to, dare'.

What are the Present continuous -
helping verbs for is, am, are
continuous tense?
Past continuous -
was, were

Future continuous -
will be, shall be

Exercise-1 Class Activity

1. Make sentences from the tables. ..................................
..................................
He eating food. ..................................
She playing football. ..................................
It is reading a story. ..................................
Sarita sleeping. ..................................
A cat singing a song. ..................................
..................................
reading a book. ..................................
playing cricket. ..................................
I am eating a mango. ..................................
cooking food.
dancing.
washing clothes.

80 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-3

They reading books. ..................................
You
We singing a song. ..................................
Boys
Students are playing caroms. ..................................
Girls
eating breakfast. ..................................

taking examination. ..................................
..................................
going to school.

2. Change these verbs in to – ing forms. You may have to make
minor changes while adding ing.

buy + ing = buying break+ ing = …………
call + ing = ………… drop + ing = …………
go + ing = ………… jump + ing = …………
cook + ing = ………… draw + ing = …………
drink + ing = ………… make + ing = …………
do + ing = ………… talk+ ing = …………
play + ing = ………… give + ing = …………
fall+ ing = ………… write + ing = …………
help + ing = ………… sing + ing = …………

Exercise-2 Homework

1. Fill ‘am / is / are' in the blanks.
a. My mother ………… cooking food.
b. They ………… playing.
c. He ………… kicking the ball.
d. My brother ………… sleeping now.
e. We ………… writing a story.
f. Some boys ………… teasing the beggar.
g. A girl ………… dancing in the room.
h. I ………… listening to the radio.

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-3 81

2. Fill in the blanks with suitable verbs (is/am/are/was/were..)
a. I ………… nine years old.
b. They ………… in Pokhara.
c. The farmers ………… working in the field.
d. The river ………… not very deep.
e. Sarita ………… reading a story.
f. A computer ………… expensive.
g. My grandfather ………… sick yesterday.
h. The teacher ………… teaching us.
i. Sarita and Santosh …………cycling in the field.
j. Students …………writing letters last week.
k. These bananas ………… from Palpa.
l. Mt. Everest ………… in Nepal.
m. Kathmandu ………… the capital of Nepal.
n. The mother ………… sleeping in bed.
o. Rohan …………the first boy of our class.

Exercise-3 Class Activity

1. Fill in the blanks with past continuous from
(was/were+v-ing) of the verb given in brackets.
a. They …………………………the figures. (observe)

b. I …………………………… the fruits. (eat)

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c. The teachers …………………………… us. (teach)
d. The lion ………………………....……. (roar)
e. The mother …………………………… in bed. (sleep)
f. The postman …………………………… . (work)
g. The monkeys …………………………… . (jump)
h. The milkman …………wi…ll b…e …iro…nin…g…. … the milk. (bring)
2. Fill in the blanks with Future Continuous from
(will be + V-ing) of the verbs given in brackets.
a. The washerman ………………………… the clothes. (iron)
b. The peacock …………………………… (dance)
c. He …………………………… me. (help)
d. The children …………………………… T.V. (watch)
e. The players ……………………………the match. (play)
f. We …………………………… for you. (wait)
g. The sweeper …………………………… the road. (sweep)
h. The thief …………………………… away. (run)

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-3 83

12Lesson Verb: Transitive and
Intransitive

Before you begin

Read these sentences.

► He wrote a letter. ► Girls are dancing.

► You brought a chair. ► They are sleeping.

► Juna is reading a book. ► Birds fly.

► He will study Science. ► The stars shine in the sky.

► She eats apples. ► We sleep on a bed.

Tick  transitive and cross (×) intransitive verbs above.

Look, read and learn.

Students are My mother loves I eat apple
reading books. me.

Bhanu is sleeping Birds are flying. Mohan is laughing.

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Transitive verb Intransitive verb
Students are reading books. Birds are flying.
I eat apple. Mohan is laughing.
Mother is cooking food. Bhanu is sleeping.

Note: A transitive verb takes an object to make a sensible sentence,
but an intransitive verb does not take an object.

Let us read and analyze the following sentences.

a. She wrote a letter. b. She laughed.

subject verb object subject verb

In sentence (a) the sentence has subject, verb and object but in sentence
(b) the sentence has subject and verb only. Sentence (a) has'wrote' verb
and it has an object 'a letter'. Without object' a letter' the verb does not
make sense. But in sentence (b) the verb 'laughed' has no object. Its
meaning is complete without an object. In this way, there are two types
of verbs. They are:

Verb

Transitive verbs Intransitive verbs

Transitive verb : A transitive verb is a verb that gets its complete
Intransitive verb meaning with the use of an object.

: An intransitive verb is a verb that expresses
its complete meaning even without taking an
object.

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-3 85

Exercise-1 Class Activity

1. Identify the verbs in the following sentences and write ‘T’
for transitive verbs and ‘I’ for intransitive ones:

a. Sijan wastes money. ……..................…………..

b. Narayan slept at night. ……..................…………..

c. The stars twinkle. ……..................…………..
d. The singer sings. ……..................…………..

e. Fire was made at night. ……..................…………..

f. The sun sets in the west. ……..................…………..

g. A strong wind is blowing. ……..................…………..

2. Underline all the transitive verbs in the following sentences.
Then circle the objects of the underlined verbs. The first one
is done for you.

a. My cat climbs trees and scratches furniture .

b. Jenny ususally reads a book in the bed before she turns off the light.

c. Janet buys her new pens at the corner shop, while her friend
Paula purchases hers at the supermarket.

d. Carpenters make furniture; tailors make the clothes.

e. A doctor diagnoses illnesses and writes prescriptions for
medicines.

f. Birds lay eggs, but mammals have babies.

g. She tasted the porridge and liked it.

Exercise-2 Homework

1. Complete these sentences with suitable objects.
a. We ordered ............................... for lunch

86 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-3

b. Naughty children sometimes tease ............................... and make
............................... angry.

c. My mum buys ......................... at the pharmacy and
......................... at the supermarket.

d. Grocers sell ........................., but florists sell ....................... .

e. Composers compose ........................., while lyric writers write
......................... for songs.

2. Read the following procedure and underline the verbs that
tell you what to do or give instructions. The first one has been
done for you.

How to Make a Cup of Tea

Instructions

a. Pour water in the kettle and place it on the stove to boil.

b. When the water boils, place a little of the hot water in the
pot to warm it.

c. Add one teaspoon of tea-leaves for every cup of tea.

d. Brew the tea for three minutes.

e. Use a tea-strainer to strain the tea as you pour it into each
cup.

f. Serve with milk or lemon.

g. You can put some sugar, in case you prefer the tea sweet.

3. Underline the verb. Write 'T' next to the sentences with a
transitive verb and a 'I' next to the one with an intransitive
verb.

a. The sound of the orchestra echoed through the I
concert hall.

b. The old man took off his coat. T

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-3 87

c. The rich man drove an expensive car.

d. The bus arrived ten minutes late.

e. Her library contained many books.
f. The posters were hung in the south wall.
g. The naughty child broke his mother’s best plate.
h. Sue nominated her best friend for Head Prefect.
4. These sentences are not complete because they contain
transitive verbs, but no object. Add an object to show what
each person does.
a. A coachman drives .............................................................................
b. An optician tests ................................................................................
c. A housemaid cleans ...........................................................................
d. A veterinarian treats .........................................................................
e. A pharmacist prepares and dispenses ..........................................
f. An archaeologist studies ....................................................................

Listen and speak

Phonemic Examples Phonemic Examples
symbols symbols
king past
/k/ go /p/ fat
/g/ singer /f/ bed
/N/ charm /b/ van
S zeal /v/ mass
/z/ pleasure /m/ yes
/Z/ judge /j/ rat
/dZ/ ten /r/ leg
/t/ desk /l/ wet
/d/ think /w/ she
/†/ that /S/ see
/T / no /s/ hat
/n/ /h/

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Lesson Adjectives and Their
Types
13

Before you begin

Answer these questions:
a. Who is taller than you?
....................................................................................................... .
b. Whose pencils is longer than yours?
....................................................................................................... .
c. Who is fatter than you?
....................................................................................................... .
d. Whose hair is shorter than yours?
....................................................................................................... .
e. Who is the fattest boy in your class?
....................................................................................................... .
f. Which is the highest mountain of world?
....................................................................................................... .

Look, read and learn.

This is a beautiful This is a delicious There is some
flower. fruit. water in the glass.

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-3 89

Ram is fatter than Hemanta is a tall Two boys are
Rohan. man. playing.

These apples are sweet. Whose pencil is this?

• In the above sentences, coloured words 'beautiful, 'delicious',
tall, fatter, 'some', 'two', 'these', sweet 'whose' are describing
words. They describe the naming words. They are called adjectives.

Read this story.

Long ago, there lived a sly fox. One day he was
walking through a dark forest. There he saw a
red hen. The hungry fox was walking at a pace
slower than the hen. She jumped across a wide
river. The fox also jumped but he fell into the
cold water and got drowned.

Here:
The words sly and hungry describe a fox.
The words red and slower describe a hen.
The word dark describes a forest.
The word cold describes the water.
The word wide describes a river.

• An adjective is a word that describes a noun or pronoun or
adds something to its meaning.

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Types of Adjectives

1. Adjectives of Quality
Read and learn.
► She is an intelligent girl.
► He is a poor man.
► I am a kind-hearted person.
► Alisha wears a golden ring.
► I have a new dress.
► You are brave.
In the sentences above the coloured words are the adjectives of quality.

• Adjectives which tell us what kind a person or thing is are
called adjectives of quality.

2. Adjectives of Quantity
Read and learn.
► Indira has some fruits.
► I have eaten much rice.
► I have twenty pencils.
► I have enough money.
► There is no book in the cupboard.
In the above sentences coloured words are the adjectives of quantity.

• Adjectives that tell us 'how many' or 'how much' are called
adjectives of quantity.

3. Demonstrative Adjectives
Read and learn.
► That is my house.
► These are birds.

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-3 91

► They are singing.
► This is a new car.
In the sentences above, coloured words are demonstrative adjectives.

• Adjectives which are used to point out a person or thing are
called demonstrative adjective.

4. Possessive Adjectives
Read and learn.
► This is my umbrella.
► He is our brother.
► Your country is Nepal.
► She is his mother.
► I live in their room.
► That is her bag.
Coloured words in the above sentences are possessive adjectives.

• Adjectives which are used to point out a person or thing are
called possessive adjective.

5. Interrogative Adjectives
Read and learn.
► What is your surname?
► Where is Janaki Mandir?
► How do you say Nepal is beautiful?
► Which is your best food?
► Whose tie is this?
In the above sentences what, where, how, which, whose are coloured. They are
interrogative adjectives. They are also called questioning adjectives.

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Look, read and learn.

Adjectives: Degree of comparison. Mr. Rai Mr. Patel Mr. Basnet
► Mr. Rai is a fat man.
► Mr. Patel is fatter than Mr. Rai.
► Mr. Basnet is the fattest man.

► Cow is a big animal.
► Buffalo is bigger than cow.
► Elephant is the biggest land animal.

• The adjective 'fat' simply indicates that Mr. Rai is fat. There
is no comparison. This simple form of adjective is called
the positive degree of adjective.

• Theadjective'fatter'showscomparisonbetweenMr.Pateland
Mr. Rai. Such adjectives used to show comparison are
called adjectives of comparative degree.

• The adjective 'fattest' shows that Mr. Basnet possesses the
quality in the highest degree. Such adjectives showing
the highest degree of quality are called adjectives of
superlative degree.

• There are three degrees of comparison.

Positive Comparative Superlative

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-3 93

Positive Comparative Superlative
big bigger biggest
fat fatter fattest
hot hotter hottest
sad sadder saddest
thin thinner thinnest
useful more useful most useful
honest more honest most honest
urgent more urgent most urgent
beautiful more beautiful most beautiful
difficult more difficult most difficult
famous more famous most famous
intelligent more intelligent most intelligent
faithful more faithful most faithful

Exercise-1 Class Activity

1. Match the adjectives with suitable nouns and make sentences
with the pairs.
a. Brave • voice
b. Clean • stick
c. Red • soldier
d. Deep • mountain
e. Long • girl
f. Tall • ocean
g. Beautiful • sky
h. High • rose
i. Loud • tower
j. Blue • water

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2. Fill in the blanks with the suitable adjectives given in the

box.

a. The tea is ……….............… highest red

b. Renu is a ……….............… girl. brave smaller

c. The mango is ……........…… hot honest
d. I have ………...........… pens.
e. Kamal is an ……..........…… man. sweet beautiful

two biggest

f. She has a …..........……… doll.

g. …..........……… women sang a song.

h. Nepal is ……...…… than India in size.

i. Mt. Everest is the ...................mountain of world.

j. Elephant is the ………… land animal.

Exercise-2 Homework

1. Identify the adjectives of quality in the following sentences
and write in the blank spaces.

a. I have a costly purse. ……………………………..…….

b. He drinks hot milk. ……………………………..……..

c. These are green vegetables. .………………….....………….…..

d. Sohan is an old man. …………………………...………..

e. The cow is black. ………………………….....………..

f. Akbar was a wise king. ………………………….....………..

g. These are fresh eggs. ……………………….…....………..

h. Banepa is a beautiful city. ……………………….…....………..

i. They are good players. ………………………….....………..

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-3 95

2. Put suitable adjectives in the blank spaces.

much all little enough no some

a. Give me ……………….. butter.

b. My pen has only a ……………….. ink.

c. She sold ……………….. the gold.

d. I have ……………….. money today.

e. You will get ……………….. help from me.

f. Do not put ……………….. sugar in my tea.

3. Identify the adjectives of quantity in the following sentences
and write in the blank spaces.
a. My father has much money. …….......................................

b. We need a little rest. …….......................................

c. I have enough time for you. …….......................................

d. Give the beggar some food. …….......................................

e. Add some oil to the lamp. …….......................................

f. The boys have drunk all milk. …….......................................

g. Do you have any money to give me? ……..................................

h. The students make no noise. …….......................................

i. He has no hope for his life. …….......................................

j. Is there any tea in the pot? ……......................................

Exercise-3 Class Activity

1. Pick out adjectives of number in the following sentences.

e.g. Fifty students study in my class. Fifty

a. He has only one son. .............................

b. A table has four legs. .............................

c. Many new houses have been built. .............................

96 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-3

d. Ten students got the prize. .............................

e. He called me twice. .............................

f. I received two letters. .............................

g. Radha has few dolls. .............................

h. He is sixty years old. .............................

i. He was the first boy to top the list. .............................

j. Sixty minutes make an hour. .............................

2. Fill in the blanks with suitable adjectives of number.

a. Mount Everest is ………………….. meters high.

b. A bus has ………………….. wheels.

c. There are ………………….. hours in a day.

d. I have read ………………….. books.

e. Cows have ………………….. horns.

f. ………………….. minutes make an hour.

g. There are ………………….. months in a year.

h. A man has ………eyes ……… ears and ……… nose.

3. Underline the possessive adjectives in the following
sentences.

a. Take away your books, boys. b. Clean your plate, Bimala.

c. Our knife is not sharp. d. I gave my umbrella to Nishi.

e. You forgot your watch there. f. Indu is playing with her doll.

g. Deepa and Shovita keep their shoes clean.

h. We will show you our garden tomorrow.
4. Use a few or a little in the blanks.

a. ………………… plants have died.

b. Add …………………ghee to the flour.

c. I have ………………… true friends.

d. He gave the beggar ………………… coins.

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-3 97

e. There is ………………… bread in the kitchen.
f. She puts ………………… oil in the vegetable.
g. There were ………………… children in the bus.
h. The baby left ........................milk in the bottle.
i. He takes ………………… sugar in his tea.

Exercise-4 Homewrok

1. Fill in the blanks with ‘many’ or ‘much’ whichever is correct.
a. He does not possess ………………… land.

b. Did you shoot ………………… birds?

c. Did they ask you …………………questions?

d. ………………… tourists visit Nepal every year.

e. Raghunath has not made …………… progress in English.

f. ………………… mangoes are ripe in my store.

g. There is not …………………food left in the kitchen.

h. Your cow does not give ………………… milk.

i. Too ………………… sugar in tea is not good.

2. Fill positive, comparative or superlative adjectives in the
blanks.

Positive Comparative Superlative

small ………………… smallest

cheap ………………… cheapest

short shorter …………………

rich ………………… …………………

poor ………………… …………………

98 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-3

slow ………………… slowest

………………… ………………… oldest

………………… longer longest

3. Pick out the adjectives from the following sentences.
e.g. Look at the old black car. old, black

a. This plant has small yellow flower. .........................

b. Mr. Karki is kind and generous. .........................

c. The camel is a very useful animal. .........................

d. Sangita has a new blue T-shirt. .........................

e. The weather is cold. .........................

f. Kathmandu is a large busy city. .........................

g. Lions are strong and fierce animals. .........................

h. Messi is a clever footballer. .........................
4. Make sensible sentences.

It's very hot in winter
very cold in summer
in autumn
rainy in spring
windy
cloudy

5. Add 'full' to the following words to make adjectives. You
may have to make minor changes.

skill = skilful pain = painful

mourn = ......................... hand = .......................

grate = ......................... hope = .........................

use = ......................... peace = .........................

faith = ......................... power = .........................

cheer = ......................... forget = .........................

beauty = ......................... wonder = .........................

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-3 99

Test Paper-II F.M.
P.M.
Second Terminal Examination
Subject: English Grammar
Class : Three

1. Give four examples for each of them.

Proper noun ............... ............... ............... ...............

Common noun ............... ............... ............... ...............

Collective noun ............... ............... ............... ...............

Material noun ............... ............... ............... ...............

Abstract noun ............... ............... ............... ...............
2. Change the following singular nouns into plural ones.

a. Tree ..............................

b. Mango ..............................

c. Story ..............................

d. Goose ..............................

e. Wife ..............................
3. Fill in the blanks with interrogative pronouns.

a. .............................. does she make coffee?

b. .............................. do you want to see?

c. .............................. is knocking at the door?

d. .............................. is the farthest place you've ever visited?

e. .............................. does she clean the room?

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