Approved by Curriculum Development Centre 51 Oasis Radiant Computer Science, Book 8 The taskbar view When multiple windows are open in a program, the icon will look “stacked” on the taskbar. • Aero Peek will show you a thumbnail of each window when you hover the mouse over the icon on the taskbar. • If you wish, you can change the order of the icons by clicking and dragging the icon to whatever space you desire on the taskbar. Pin a program to the taskbar Placing the program on the taskbar is called pin a programme. You can place programmes to the taskbar and access them with a single click of the mouse. • To Pin a program, drag the program to the taskbar from desktop or other places and release. • To unpin a program is to remove the
Oasis Radiant Computer Science, Book 8 52 Approved by Curriculum Development Centre program name from the taskbar. To unpin simply right-click on the icon and select Unpin. Access a Jump List A Jump List is like a mini-menu for a programme. It allows quick access to recent files, frequently viewed items, performance tasks, and more. For example, you can select frequently used websites with a simple click from the internet Explorer Jump List. • Right-click an icon to open the program’s Jump List. • Select the program to open from the jump list. Show desktop When you are working with other programmes and you need to go to the desktop you have to choose this option. Follow the steps to show the desktop without closing windows: • Hover the mouse over the Show desktop button. • The Windows will become transparent, allowing you to see the desktop. • Click the Show desktop button to close the windows. • Click again, and the Windows will return. Personalise your desktop’s background and themes
Approved by Curriculum Development Centre 53 Oasis Radiant Computer Science, Book 8 Windows has some amazing new themes and backgrounds. They include vivid photography, digital artwork, and Aero themes that use colour and glass effects in an attractive way. Themes and background • In the Search bar of the Start Menu, type and select Personalisation. Alternatively, you can right-click the Desktop and select Personalise. • Review and select a desired theme or background. You can search online for more themes by selecting Get more themes online in My Themes. Personalise font settings You can adjust the font settings and ClearType on your desktop based on your preferences. To change the font:
Oasis Radiant Computer Science, Book 8 54 Approved by Curriculum Development Centre 1. From the Search bar in the Start Menu, type and select Fonts. 2. Select the font you desire from the Fonts pane. To change font size: 1. Adjust the font size by selecting Change Font Size from the menu on the left of the Fonts pane. 2. Select the desired font size, and click Apply. Please note that a larger font size may interfere with how some items are displayed on the screen. Gadgets Gadgets are programmes that run on your desktop so you can see information at a glance. Gadgets can give you information about the weather, date and time, news, traffic, and more.
Approved by Curriculum Development Centre 55 Oasis Radiant Computer Science, Book 8 To add gadgets to your desktop: 1. Right-click your desktop and select Gadgets. 2. Select and drag the gadgets you desire, and place them anywhere you want on the desktop. Finding Your Files with Search and Libraries Libraries are collections of your stored content that can be easily accessed through the Desktop Search function. Libraries do not replace your folders; they simply store them in a single collection. When files are placed in a Library, their properties are indexed by the Search function. There are four default Libraries in Windows : Documents, Pictures, Music, and Videos. Windows Explorer Understanding Windows Explorer will help you to navigate through your content and work with your files and folders in an easy manner. • Click the folder icon on the taskbar to open Windows Explorer.
Oasis Radiant Computer Science, Book 8 56 Approved by Curriculum Development Centre • Click the buttons in the interactive below to learn more about the Windows Explorer interface. To use Windows Explorer: • Move through your content by double-clicking folders, clicking on the Back and Forward buttons, or by clicking on headings in the Address bar. • Preview files by selecting the Show the Preview pane button. • When you double-click a file, it will open in the default programme. To change the view of the content in your folders You have several options for how you can view content in your folders. For example, you may prefer seeing details when viewing file documents and Extra Large Icons when viewing pictures. • To change the view, select the View button and choose your preference. Select as Large icons, Extra Large icons, Small Icons, Details, Tiles and Content.
Approved by Curriculum Development Centre 57 Oasis Radiant Computer Science, Book 8 To change how your content is arranged Depending on the Library, you can Arrange content by month, day, rating, and other factors. • Select the Arrange by button, and choose your preference. Using Search You can search the files and folders from the disk. Use the following steps: 1. Locate the Search bar at the top right corner of the Windows Explorer pane. 2. Start typing a file name or keyword. 3. Search will start displaying matching items even before you finish typing.
Oasis Radiant Computer Science, Book 8 58 Approved by Curriculum Development Centre Key Points ● An operating system is system software that controls the operation of a computer system by activating its components and provides operating environment for other software. ● Basically, there are two types of interface of OS. These are command interface and graphical interface. ● Popular OS are Microsoft Disk Operating system (MSDOS), Windows System, Linux and Unix, etc. ● There are different versions of windows. These are Windows 98, Windows 2000 Server, Windows XP, (XP is experience), Windows Vista, Windows7 and Windows 8, etc. ● GUI (Graphical User Interface) system is more user friendly than CUI (Command User Interface). ● Major functions of OS are file management, disk management, job scheduling etc. ● Major types of OS are single and multiple user OS, multi and single tasking OS, multi and single processing OS, etc. Searching from the Start Menu The Windows Explorer pane is not the only place you can access Search and Libraries. • You will find a Search bar in the Start Menu, along with one click access to popular Libraries. • Type the files or folders name and search it. • The system will display the list of files or folders with given names.
Approved by Curriculum Development Centre 59 Oasis Radiant Computer Science, Book 8 Exercise 1. Answer the following questions. a. What is OS? Give some examples of OS. b. Write any five functions of OS. c. List the types of OS. d. What is MSDOS? e. What is user interface? Write its types. 2. Write the full form of: a. OS b. MSDOS c. GUI d. CUI e. MD 3. Fill in the blanks. a. Operation system provides __________ between user and system. b. Collection of files is called _________. c. __________ hold the deleted files on windows system. d. Windows has __________ interface. e. System where user can perform multiple task at a time is __________ operating system. f. There are __________ interfaces of operating system. g. Major function of OS is __________, __________ and __________. 4. State True and False. a. Windows system is CUI system. b. Collection of files in a specified memory location is folder. c. MSDOS is multiuser operating system. d. Windows system is more user friendly than MSDOS.
Oasis Radiant Computer Science, Book 8 60 Approved by Curriculum Development Centre e. We cannot restore files from the Recycle Bin. f. File is the collection of interrelated data. g. Pin is the process to show icon on desktop. h. File management is the process to create copy, rename and delete files. 5. Project Work a. Make a list of operating system software installed in your lab's computer. b. Make a list of any five operating system software. c. Create a folder and copy some files to your folder in windows system. d. Create a file with your name on MSDOS. e. Copy file. f. Rename file. g. Delete file having extension name DOC. h. Make a directory with your Roll No. i. Create a folder in desktop of windows system.
Approved by Curriculum Development Centre 61 Oasis Radiant Computer Science, Book 8 Microsoft Word 2010 7 Chapter 8 Word processing system 8 Uses and applications of MS Word 8 Method to prepare, format and print the document 8 The process to work with MS Word
Oasis Radiant Computer Science, Book 8 62 Approved by Curriculum Development Centre Introduction Word processor is a software package that can be used for writing, editing, and updating the documents. Microsoft Word is mainly used for formatting and presenting documents. It is developed by Microsoft Company. In this chapter you will learn about Microsoft Word 2010. Features of Word Processing • It is used for creating, saving and closing the documents. • It is used for printing documents. • It is used for formatting pages, paragraphs and sections. • It is used for finding and replacing text. Applications of Word Processing • It is used in office to prepare the documents. • It is used in book publication industries. • It is used in newspaper publications. • It is used for personal documentation. How to Start • Click on Start. • Then choose Programme. • Select Microsoft Word 2010 You will get the system of MS Word. Components of Microsoft Word 2010 As given below, an MS Word screen has the following components. Microsoft Word 2010 7 Chapter
Approved by Curriculum Development Centre 63 Oasis Radiant Computer Science, Book 8 File Tab: You can click it to check Backstage view, which is the place to come when you need to open or save files, create new documents, print a document, and do other file-related operations. Quick Access Toolbar: You will find this just above the File tab and its purpose is to provide a convenient resting place for the most frequently used commands of Word. Ribbon: Ribbon contains commands organised in three components:
Oasis Radiant Computer Science, Book 8 64 Approved by Curriculum Development Centre • Tabs: They appear across the top of the Ribbon and contain groups of related commands. Home, Insert, Page Layout are examples of ribbon tabs. • Groups: They organise related commands; each group name appears below the group on the Ribbon. For example, group of commands related to fonts or group of commands related to alignment, etc. • Commands: Commands appear within each group as mentioned above. Title bar: This lies in the middle and at the top of the window. Title bar shows the programme and document titles. Rulers: Word has two rulers - a horizontal ruler and a vertical ruler. The horizontal ruler appears just beneath the Ribbon and is used to set margins and tab stops. The vertical ruler appears on the left edge of the Word window and is used to gauge the vertical position of elements on the page. Help: The Help Icon can be used to get word related help anytime you like. This provides a nice tutorial on various subjects related to Word. Zoom Control: Zoom control lets you zoom in for a closer look at your text. The zoom control consists of a slider that you can slide left or right to zoom in or out. You can click + and - buttons to increase or decrease the zoom factor. View Buttons: The group of five buttons located to the left of the Zoom control, near the bottom of the screen, lets you switch among Word’s various document views. • Print Layout view: This displays pages exactly as they will appear when printed. • Full Screen Reading view: This gives a full screen look of the document. • Web Layout view: This shows how a document appears when viewed by a Web browser, such as Internet Explorer. • Outline view: This lets you work with outlines established using Word's standard heading styles.
Approved by Curriculum Development Centre 65 Oasis Radiant Computer Science, Book 8 • Draft view: This formats text as it appears on the printed page with a few exceptions. For example, headers and footers aren’t shown. Most people prefer this mode. Document Area: The area where you type. The flashing vertical bar is called the insertion point and it represents the location where text will appear when you type. Status Bar: This displays document information as well as the insertion point location. From left to right, this bar contains the total number of pages and words in the document, language, etc. Dialogue Box Launcher: This appears as a very small arrow in the lower-right corner of many groups on the Ribbon. Clicking this button opens a dialogue box or task pane that provides more options about the group. Entering Text Document area is the area where you type your text. The flashing vertical bar is called the insertion point and it represents the location where text will appear when you type. So just keep your mouse cursor at the text insertion point and start typing whatever text you would like to type. There are following two important points which would help you while typing: • You do not need to press Enter to start a new line; as the insertion point reaches the end of the line Word automatically starts a new one. You would need to press enter if you want to have a new paragraph.
Oasis Radiant Computer Science, Book 8 66 Approved by Curriculum Development Centre • When you want to add more than one space between words, use the Tab key instead of the spacebar. Saving New Document: Prepare the document as required. Now you have to save it for the future purposes. Select the Drive or Folder where to save the document, using Save and Save As options. Steps (1) Click the File tab and select Save or Save As option. (2) Select a folder where you would like to save the document. Enter file name which you want to give to your document and Select a Save as type, by default it is .docx format. (3) Finally, click on Save button and your document will be saved with the entered name in the selected folder. At the first time you can select the Save option and when you are saving the document with another name after save use Save As option. Save the document using Ctrl + S (Hold Down the Ctrl key and press S Key) Shortcut Key. Starting New Document After saving the document, you have to start the new document. So follow the given steps and start the new document.
Approved by Curriculum Development Centre 67 Oasis Radiant Computer Science, Book 8 Steps (1) Click the File tab and select New option. (2) When you select New option from the first column, it will display a list of templates in second column. Just double click on Blank document, which is the very first option in the template list. You can use a shortcut to open a blank document anytime. Start the New document using Ctrl + N (Hold Down the Ctrl key and press N Key) Shortcut Key. Opening Existing Document You are allowed to open the saved document from your working folder and Drive. Follow the steps. Steps (1) Click the File tab and select Open option.
Oasis Radiant Computer Science, Book 8 68 Approved by Curriculum Development Centre (2) This will display following file Open dialogue box, which lets you navigate through different file folders and also lets you select a file which you want to open. (3) Finally locate and select a file which you want to open. Open the document using Ctrl + O (Hold Down the Ctrl key and press O Key) Shortcut Key. Close a Document When you finish working with a document, you have to close it. Closing the document is to make the working document inactive and start new document. Steps (1) Click the File tab and select Close option.
Approved by Curriculum Development Centre 69 Oasis Radiant Computer Science, Book 8 (2) When you select Close option and if the document is not saved before closing, it will display the following warning box, asking whether the document should be saved of not. (3) Now it's up to you if you want to save the changes, then click Save, otherwise click Don’t Save button. To go back to the document click Cancel button. Lab Work- 1 Prepare an application for the sick leave and format the document as given below. Date: 2073/05/25 To, Headmaster, Ishaneshwor Higher Secondary School Bhorletar, Lamjung Subject: Sick Leave Application Respected Madam, I have to notify you that I am not in a position to come to school as I am ill. I will need a rest for a week, with complete bed rest for three days that the doctors have advised. On account of my sickness, I request you to kindly grant me leave 8th May 2016. I shall be utterly obliged for this. Thanking you, I remain, Yours Obediently, Name: Class: Roll number: Parents’ Signature:
Oasis Radiant Computer Science, Book 8 70 Approved by Curriculum Development Centre Selecting the Text Selecting a text is one of the most important skills required while editing a Word document. You can perform various operations on a selected text like you can delete it, copy it, move it, apply formatting to it, change its capitalisation etc. The most common method of selecting a text is to click and drag the mouse over the text you want to select. Following table lists down other simple methods which will help you in selecting text in different scenarios: SN Component & Selection Method 1 Selecting text between two points Click at the start of the block of text, hold down Shift, and click at the end of the block. 2 Selecting a single word Simply double click anywhere on the word you want to select. 3 Selecting a paragraph Simply triple click anywhere on the paragraph you want to select. 4 Selecting a sentence Hold down Ctrl key and click anywhere in the sentence you want to select. 5 Selecting a column of text Hold down Alt, click and hold the mouse button, and drag over the column you want to select. Selection Using the Selection Bar The black shaded area in the screen shot alongside is called selection bar. When you bring your cursor in this area, it turns into a rightward-pointing arrow. You can use selection bar to select various components of a document as described in the following table:
Approved by Curriculum Development Centre 71 Oasis Radiant Computer Science, Book 8 SN Component & Selection Method 1 Selecting a line Bring your mouse in selection bar area and click in front of the line you want to select. 2 Selecting a paragraph Bring your mouse in selection bar area and double click in front of the paragraph you want to select. 3 Selecting the document Bring your mouse in selection bar area and triple click. Selection using the keyboard Keyboard provides a very good support when you want to select various components of the document as described in the following table: SN Key & Selection Method Selecting Text 1 Ctrl + A Press Ctrl + A keys to select the entire document. 2 Shift Keep pressing Shift key and use any of the arrow keys to select the text. Delete Text It is very common to delete text and retype the content in your word document. You might type something you did not want to type or there is something extra which is not required in the document. Using Backspace & Delete Keys The most basic deletion technique is to delete characters one at a time by pressing either backspace or delete keys. The following table describes how you can delete a single character or whole word by using either of these two keys: SN Keys & Deletion Methods 1 Backspace Keep the insertion point just after the character you want to delete and press backspace key. Word deletes the character immediately to the left of the insertion point. 2 Ctrl + Backspace Keep the insertion point just after the word you want to delete and press Ctrl + Backspace key. Word deletes the whole word immediately to the left of the insertion point.
Oasis Radiant Computer Science, Book 8 72 Approved by Curriculum Development Centre 3 Delete Keep the insertion point just before the character you want to delete and press delete key. Word deletes the character immediately to the right of the insertion point. 4 Ctrl + Delete Keep the insertion point just before the word you want to delete and press Ctrl + Delete key. Word deletes the word immediately to the right of the insertion point. Delete Using Selection Method You have learnt how to select various parts of a word document. You can make use of that learning to delete those selected parts as described in the following table: SN Component Selection & Delete Methods 1 Deleting text between two points Click at the start of the block of text, hold down Shift, and click at the end of the block to select the text and finally press either backspace or delete key. 2 Deleting a single word Simply double click anywhere on the word you want to delete and finally press either backspace or delete key. 3 Deleting a paragraph Simply triple click anywhere on the paragraph you want to delete and finally press either backspace or delete key. 4 Deleting a sentence Hold down Ctrl key and click anywhere in the sentence you want to delete and finally press either backspace or delete key. 5 Deleting a column of text Hold down Alt, click and hold the mouse button, and drag over the column you want to delete and finally press either backspace or delete key. 6 Deleting a line Bring your mouse in selection bar area and click in front of the line you want to delete and finally press either backspace or delete key. 7 Deleting entire document content Press Ctrl + A keys to delete the entire document and finally press either backspace or delete key.
Approved by Curriculum Development Centre 73 Oasis Radiant Computer Science, Book 8 Copy, Cut & Paste the text To use copy and paste or cut and paste operations, Word makes use of a temporary memory which is called clipboard. When you copy or cut a text, then temporarily it stays in clipboard and in second step you can paste this content at the desired location. Copy & Paste Operation: Copy operation will just copy the content from its original place and create a duplicate copy of the content at the desired location without deleting the text from its original location. Steps (1) Select a portion of the text using any of the text selection methods. (2) At second step, you have various options available to copy the selected text in clipboard. Just use any one of them which you like most:
Oasis Radiant Computer Science, Book 8 74 Approved by Curriculum Development Centre • Using Mouse Right Click: If you right click on the selected text, it will display copy option, just click this option to copy the selected content in clipboard. • Using Ribbon Copy Button: After selecting a text, you can use copy button available at the ribbon to copy the selected content in clipboard. • Using Ctrl + C Keys: After selecting a text, just press Ctrl + C keys to copy the selected content in clipboard. (3) Finally click at the place where you want to copy selected text and use either of these two simple options: • Using Ribbon Paste Button: Just click paste button available at the ribbon to paste the copied content at the desired location. • Using Ctrl + V Keys: This is simplest way of pasting the content. Just press Ctrl + V keys to paste the content at the new location. Note: You can repeat paste operation as many times as you like to paste the same content. Cut & Paste Operation: Cut operation will cut the content from its original place and move the content from its original location to a new desired location. Following is the procedure to move the content in word: Steps (1) Select a portion of the
Approved by Curriculum Development Centre 75 Oasis Radiant Computer Science, Book 8 text using any of the text selection methods. (2) At second step, you have various options available to cut the selected text and put it in clipboard. Just use any one of them which you like most: • Using Mouse Right Click: If you right click on the selected text, it will display cut option. Just click this option to cut the selected content and keep it in clipboard. • Using Ribbon Cut Button: After selecting a text, you can use cut button available at the ribbon to cut the selected content and keep it in clipboard. • Using Ctrl + X Keys: After selecting a text, just press Ctrl + X keys to cut the selected content and keep it in clipboard. (3) Finally click at the place where you want to move the selected text and use either of these two simple options: • Using Ribbon Paste Button: Just click paste button available at the ribbon to paste the content at the new location. • Using Ctrl + V Keys: This is the simplest way of pasting the content. Just press Ctrl + V keys to paste the content at the new location.
Oasis Radiant Computer Science, Book 8 76 Approved by Curriculum Development Centre Find & Replace On editing a document you come across a situation very frequently when you want to search a particular word in your document and many times you will be willing to replace this word with another word at all the few or all the places throughout the document. You have to find a word or phrase in a document and replace existing word with any other word using simple steps. Find Command: The Find command enables you to locate specific text in your document. Following are the steps to find a word document in the following screen: Steps (1) Type some text or open the document. (2) Click the Find option in the Editing group on the Home tab or press Ctrl + F to launch the Navigation pane. (3) Enter a word which you want to search in the search box. As soon as you finish typing, Word searches for the text you entered and displays the results in the navigation pane and highlight the word in the documents as well as shown on the screen.: (4) You can click clear button (X) to clear the search and results and perform another search. (5) You can use further options while searching for a word. Click option button to display options menu and then click Options option which will display a
Approved by Curriculum Development Centre 77 Oasis Radiant Computer Science, Book 8 list of options. You can select options like match case to perform case sensitive search. (6) Finally, you can click close button (X) to close the Navigation Pane. Replace Operation You can search the text and replace the text as per your requirement by following the steps below: Steps (1): Click the Replace option in the Editing group on the Home tab or press Ctrl + H to launch the Find and Replace dialogue box . (2) Type a word which you want to search and a word with which you would like to replace it in the Find and Replace dialogue box as follows: (3) Click Replace button available on Find and Replace dialogue box and you will see the first occurrence of the searched word would be replaced with the word you give. Clicking again on Replace button would replace next occurrence of the searched word. If you will click Replace All button then it would replace all the words found by the search in one go. You can also use Find Next button just to search the next occurrence and later you
Oasis Radiant Computer Science, Book 8 78 Approved by Curriculum Development Centre can use Replace button to replace the word. (4) You can use More >> button available on the dialogue box to use more options and to make your search more specific like case sensitive search or searching for whole word only, etc. (5) Finally if you are done with finding and replacing operation, you can click Close (X) or Cancel button of the dialogue box to close the box. Spell and Grammar Checking Microsoft Word provides a Spelling and Grammar Checker which enables you to search for and correct all spelling and grammar mistakes in your document. • A red underline beneath spelling errors. • A green underline beneath grammar errors. • A blue line under correctly spelled but misused words. Check Spelling and Grammar using Review tab Here is the simple procedure to find out spelling mistakes and fixing them: Step (1): Click the Review tab and then click Spelling & Grammar button. Step (2): A Spelling and Grammar dialogue box will appear and will display wrong spellings or grammar and correct suggestions as shown below: Now you have following options to fix the spelling mistake: • Ignore: If you are willing to ignore a word then click this button and word ignores the word throughout the document. • Ignore All: Like Ignore, but ignores all occurrences of the same misspelling, not just this one. • Add to Dictionary: Choose Add to Dictionary to add the word to the Word spelling dictionary. • Change: This will change
Approved by Curriculum Development Centre 79 Oasis Radiant Computer Science, Book 8 the wrong word using the suggested correct word. • Change All: Like Changes, but changes all occurrences of the same misspelling, not just this one. • AutoCorrect: If you select a suggestion, Word creates an AutoCorrect entry that automatically corrects this spelling error from now on. Following are the different options in case you have grammatical mistake: • Next Sentence: You can click Next Sentence to direct the grammar checker to skip ahead to the next sentence. • Explain: The grammar checker displays a description of the rule that caused the sentence to be flagged as a possible error. • Options: This will open the Word Options dialogue box to allow you to change the behaviour of the grammar checker or spelling options. • Undo: This will undo the last grammar changed. (3) Select one of the given suggestions you want to use and click Change option to fix the spelling or grammar mistake and repeat the step to fix all the spelling or grammar mistakes. (4) Word displays a dialogue box when it finishes checking for spelling and grammar mistakes, finally Click OK.
Oasis Radiant Computer Science, Book 8 80 Approved by Curriculum Development Centre Check Spelling and Grammar using Right Click If you will click a right mouse button over a misspelled word then it would show you correct suggestions and above mentioned options to fix the spelling or grammar mistake. Try it yourself. Zoom In and Zoom Out Microsoft Word provides a functionality to apply zoomin and zoom-out operations on a document. When we apply zoom-in operation, it enlarges the size of text whereas applying zoom-out operation reduces the size of text. Zoom-in & Zoom-out using view Here is the simple procedure to apply zoom-in or zoom-out operation using view tab: Steps (1) Click the view tab and then click Zoom button which is shown below. (2) When you click Zoom button, a Zoom dialogue box will appear as shown below and will display zoom options box to select a value to reduce or increase the size of the document onscreen. By default it will be 100%, you can select 200% to increase the size of the font or 75% to reduce the
Approved by Curriculum Development Centre 81 Oasis Radiant Computer Science, Book 8 size of the font. You can send view at custom percent as well by entering a value in the given box. You can click the Many pages down arrow and select to display multiple pages. (3) Once you are done with selecting an option, click OK to apply the changes on the document. (4) Try different options available, for example Page Width and Text Width. Zoom-in & Zoom-out using (+) and (-) Buttons: Following screen capture shows two buttons Zoom-out which is (-) button and Zoom-in which is (+) button. Steps (1) Click Zoom-out button, you will find that your document size will decrease by 10% each time you click the button. In a similar way if you click on Zoom-in button your document size will increase by 10% each time you click the button. (2) Try this simple operation with different values to see the difference. Given screen capture shows 140% zoomin view of the document.
Oasis Radiant Computer Science, Book 8 82 Approved by Curriculum Development Centre Undo and Redo the Changes Microsoft Word provides two important features called Undo, which is used to undo the previous action and second one is Repeat or Redo, which is used to repeat the previous action. For example, if you mistakenly delete text, you can use the Undo feature to recover it. In a similar way, if you delete a character and you want to delete more characters then you can use Repeat operation. How to use Undo & Repeat operations: You can access the Undo and Repeat buttons from the Quick Access toolbar. You should make a note that Repeat button is also called Redo button and both operations have the same meaning. Here is the simple procedure to apply undo or repeat (redo) operations: Steps (1) Let us type some text in a blank document as above. Now click Repeat (Redo) button and you will see that word would repeat the same operation for you. (2) Now to examine undo operation, let us delete last word operation character by character so that you have following text remaining in the line. (3) Let us try to click Undo button one by one. You will see that word would recover all the deleted characters one by one after performing few undo operations. Shortcuts to use Undo & Repeat operations: You can use the following Shortcut keys for Undo and Redo Shortcuts Operation Ctrl + Z Undoes the previous action Ctrl + Y Repeats the previous action
Approved by Curriculum Development Centre 83 Oasis Radiant Computer Science, Book 8 Setting Text Fonts and Size Microsoft Word allows you to use different fonts with different sizes. You can change your document’s appearance by changing the fonts and their size. Usually you use different fonts for paragraphs and headings. So it is important to learn how to use different fonts. Steps (1) Select the text that you want to change to a different font and click Home tab. Now click Font Type button to list down all the fonts available as shown alongside. (2) Try to move mouse pointer over different fonts listed. You will see that text font changes when you move mouse pointer over different fonts. You can use Font Scroll Bar to display more fonts available. Finally select a desired font by clicking over the font name in the list. (3) Similarly, to change the font size, click over the Font Size button which will display a font size list. You will use same procedure to select a desired font size that you have used while selecting a font type. Text Decoration Changing the text into italic shape, underlining the text or making it bold to look fancier is called text decoration. You can make the text more decorative with such changes.
Oasis Radiant Computer Science, Book 8 84 Approved by Curriculum Development Centre Making Text Bold: A bold text appears with heavy weight and dark ink and we use bold text to give more emphasis to the sentence. Steps (1) Select the text that you want to change to a bold font. (2) Click Font Bold [ B ] button in the Home tab Font group, or simply use Ctrl + B keys to make selected text bold. Making Text Italic: An italic text appears with a small inclination and we use italicized text to differentiate it from other text. Steps (1) Select the text that you want to change to Italic. (2) Click Font Italic [ I ] button in the Home tab Font group, or simply use Ctrl + I keys to convert text in italic. Underline Text: An underlined text appears with an underline and we use underlined text to make it more distinguished from other text. Steps (1) Select the text that you want to change to an Underline. (2) Click Font Underline [ U ] button in the Home tab Font group, or simply use Ctrl + U keys to put an underline under the text.
Approved by Curriculum Development Centre 85 Oasis Radiant Computer Science, Book 8 Strikethrough the Text: Strikethrough text will look like a line has been drawn through its middle. A strikethrough text indicates that it has been deleted and not any more required. Steps (1) Select the text that you want to change to make strikeout. (2) Click Font Strikethrough [ abc ] button in the Home tab Font group to put a line in the middle of the text which is called strikethrough the text. Change Text Cases You can also capitalise a character you are typing by pressing and holding SHIFT while you type. You can also press CAPS LOCK to have every letter that you type be capitalised, and then press CAPS LOCK again to turn off capitalisation. But after typing you have to use change case option to change into capital and small letters. Sentence Case: A sentence case is the case where first character of every sentence is capitalised. Steps (1) Select the text that you want to change to a bold font. You can use any of the text selection methods to select the text. (2) Click the Change Case button and then select Sentence Case option to capitalise the first character of every selected sentence.
Oasis Radiant Computer Science, Book 8 86 Approved by Curriculum Development Centre Lowercase: A lowercase: is the case where every word of a sentence is in lowercase (Small Letter). Steps (1) Select the text that you want to change into lower case. (2) Click the Change Case button and then select Lowercase option to display all selected words in small letters. Uppercase An uppercase is the case where every word of a sentence is in uppercase (Capital Letter). Steps (1) Select the text that you want to change into Capital Letters. (2) Click the Change Case button and then select UPPERCASE option to display all selected words in all caps. All characters of every selected word will be capitalised. Capitalise Each Word A capitalise case is the case where every first character of every selected word is in capital. Steps (1) Select the text that you want to change into capitalise each word.
Approved by Curriculum Development Centre 87 Oasis Radiant Computer Science, Book 8 (2) Click the Change Case button and then select Capitalise Each Word option to put a leading cap on each selected word. Toggle the Text Toggle operation will change the case of every character in reverse way. A capital character will become lower case and lower case character will become upper case. Steps (1) Select the text that you want to change into toggle case. (2) Click the Change Case button and then select tOGGLE cASE option to change all lowercase words into uppercase and uppercase words into lowercase. Change Font Colours: When you are typing the text, it appears in black colour, but you can change your font colour to any of the colours you can imagine. Steps (1) Select the text that you want to change for colour. (2) Click the Font Color button triangle to display a list of colours. Try to move your mouse pointer over different colours and you will see text colour will change automatically. You can select any of the colours available by simply clicking over it. If you do not find a colour of your choice, you can use More Colors option to display a colour palette box which allows you to select a colour from a range of millions of colours.
Oasis Radiant Computer Science, Book 8 88 Approved by Curriculum Development Centre Text Alignments Moving the text at different places of the screen is called text alignment. There are four types of paragraph alignments available in Microsoft Word: left-aligned, centreed, rightaligned, and justified. Left Alignment A paragraph’s text will be said left aligned if it is aligned with left margin. Step (1): Click anywhere on the paragraph you want to align and click Align Text Left button available on Home tab or simply press Ctrl + L keys. Centre Alignment A paragraph’s text will be said centre aligned if it is in the centre of the left and right margins. Steps (1) Click anywhere on the paragraph you want to align and click Center button available on Home tab or simply press Ctrl + E keys. Right Alignment A paragraph’s text will be said right aligned if it is aligned with right margin. Steps (1) Click anywhere on the paragraph you want to align and
Approved by Curriculum Development Centre 89 Oasis Radiant Computer Science, Book 8 click Align Text Right button available on Home tab or simply press Ctrl + R keys. Justified Alignment A paragraph’s text will be said justified if it is aligned with both left and right margins. Steps (1) Click anywhere on the paragraph you want to align and click Justify button available on Home tab or simply press Ctrl + J keys. Lab Work- 2 Prepare the document and apply text alignment, insert picture, copy and move text, find and replace the text by selecting the text with different methods. Bill Gate Bill Gates and his partner Paul Allen built the world’s largest software company popular as Microsoft company. He became the richest person in the world. He is a major patron of Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. Bill Gates was born William Henry Gates III on October 28, 1955, in Seattle, Washington. Gates began to show an interest in computer programming at the age of 13 at the Lakeside School. He pursued his passion through college. Striking out on his own with his friend and business partner Paul Allen, Gates found himself at the right place at the right time. Through technological innovation, keen business strategy and aggressive business tactics, he built the world’s largest software business, Microsoft. In the process, Gates became one of the richest men in the world. He is a major patron of Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
Oasis Radiant Computer Science, Book 8 90 Approved by Curriculum Development Centre Page Margins and Printing Margins are the spaces between the edge of the paper and the text. You can adjust the right, left, top, and bottom margins of your document. By default, Word sets all margins left, right, top, and bottom to 1 inch. Adjust Margins: Following are the simple steps which will be used to set margins for an opened document. Steps (1) Open the document whose margins you want to set. (2) Click the Page Layout tab, and click Margins button in the Page Setup group. This will display a list of options to be selected but you have to click Custom Margins option available at the bottom. (3) You will have to display a Page Dialog box as shown alongside where you can set top, left, right and bottom margins under the Margins tab. Select Apply to: option to apply the margin on selected text or complete document. (4) If you are going to bind the document and want to add an extra amount of space on one edge for the binding, enter that amount in the Gutter text box, and select the side the gutter is on with the Gutter Position dropdown list. After setting all the desired values for all the margins, click OK button to apply the margins.
Approved by Curriculum Development Centre 91 Oasis Radiant Computer Science, Book 8 Inserting picture You can beautify your Microsoft Word documents by inserting a variety of pictures. Following are the simple steps to add an existing picture in your word document. It is assumed that you already have a picture available on your PC before you add this picture in your word document. Steps (1) Click in your document where you want to add a picture. (2) Click the Insert tab and then click Picture option available in illustrations group, which will display Insert Picture dialogue box. (3) You can select a required picture using Insert Picture dialogue box and place at the required place of the document. You can resize the picture as per your requirement. Lab Work- 3 Prepare the document. (Give bullets and numbering. Use Undo and Redo, Line spacing, format text and insert picture) Longest, Largest and Deepest – Rivers in Nepal A tiny mountainous country, Nepal is rich in water resources. Some of them are the rushing torrents, tranquil lakes, splashing rivers, unique springs and underground
Oasis Radiant Computer Science, Book 8 92 Approved by Curriculum Development Centre Key Points • Word processor is a system that helps to create, edit and format the text for documentation. • Standard word processor gives the facilities of text editing spell checking, grammar correction, etc. • Major features of MS Word are: text wrap, spell check, text searching, bullets, etc. • User should preview the page before print. It shows the actual form of document after print. • Line spacing gives the gap between lines. • Page setup helps to set top, left, right, bottom margins. It also helps to select paper size. • Page orientation defines the portrait and landscape form of page. • Tab setting helps to set the position on the screen. We can water resources. There are many rivers in Nepal. The main rivers are Mechi, Koshi, Bagmati, Narayani, Gandaki, Rapti, Mahakali etc. The biggest river in Nepal is Koshi, the deepest is Narayani and the longest is Karnali. Most of the rivers in Nepal originate from mountains. The Koshi: The Koshi flows in the eastern part of Nepal. It is the largest river in Nepal. It is actually a confluence of 7 rivers because of which it has been called ‘Saptakoshi’. The seven tributaries of the Koshi are: • Arun • Tamur • Dudhkoshi • Likhu • Tamakoshi • Bhotekoshi • Sunkoshi
Approved by Curriculum Development Centre 93 Oasis Radiant Computer Science, Book 8 1. Answer the following questions. a. What is word processing? b. List the application area of MS Word. c. List the features of MS Word. d. Is MS Word a word processor? How? e. What is Copy and Move text? f. What is spell checking? g. Define the term alignment. h. What is header and footer? 2. Write the steps to do the following. a. Save a file b. Replace the text with new text. c. Copy and move text d. Align text at centre e. Change font f. Check spelling and grammar 3. Differentiate between: a. Bullets and Numbering b. Copy and Move c. Center and Justify text d. Undo and Redo 4. Write the functions of following shortcut keys. a. Ctrl + A b. Ctrl + C c. Ctrl + V d. Crl + X e. Ctrl + E f. Ctrl + S g. Ctrl + O h. Ctrl + N i. Ctrl + Z j. Ctrl + Y Exercise press tab key to jump on these positions for typing the text. • Header and footer help to type the text on top and bottom margins of page. • Insert key activates the type over option on the document. • We can insert the picture from clip gallery and from file. • We can create a table of specified size.
Oasis Radiant Computer Science, Book 8 94 Approved by Curriculum Development Centre 5. Fill in the blanks. a. The file created in MS Word is called __________ file. b. __________ gives the status of document. c. __________ bar helps to scroll screen. d. The text display on top margin of document is called __________. e. To control the jumping of tab we have to do __________ setting. f. Ctrl + N is the shortcut key of __________ document. g. Full form of OLE is __________. h. __________ key controls type over. i. MS Word is popular __________. j. Page orientation defines the position of page. These are __________, __________ and __________. 6. State True and False. a. MS Word is system software. b. We cannot write anything on top and bottom margins of page. c. Clip gallery is the collection of clips. d. We can insert the picture on MS Word from our floppy disk also. e. Spelling check option is on format menu. f. Tab setting is the process to control movement of tab key. g. Alignment is the process to move text at centre, left and right. h. We can set the margin from page setup option. i. We can print selected text in MS Word. 7. Project Work a. Prepare your biodata on MS Word. b. Set top, left, right and bottom margins on the page. c. Copy some text from one location to another location. d. Make a table of size 3×4. e. Search and replace text in your document. f. Design an advertisement format using the text box and drawing tool. g. Search a particular text written in your document and replace that word with new word. h. Perform the spelling and grammar check using tools menu.
Approved by Curriculum Development Centre 95 Oasis Radiant Computer Science, Book 8 Microsoft Excel 8 Chapter 8 Defining spreadsheet 8 Uses and features of MS Excel 8 The process to manage worksheet 8 The process to prepare graph
Oasis Radiant Computer Science, Book 8 96 Approved by Curriculum Development Centre Microsoft Excel The term spreadsheet refers to a large sheet of paper with multiple rows and columns for record keeping and calculation. Spreadsheets are large electronic sheets where documents are created, and modified. The examples of spreadsheet packages are MSExcel, Quarto Pro, Locus 1, 2, 3, etc. MS Excel is a full featured spreadsheet programme. It is used for various accounting applications. It operates in a simple operating system. It was developed by Microsoft Company. It is used for official tasks for simple mathematical and logical calculations. Features of MS Excel ● It is used for creating worksheets and workbooks. ● It allows us to open and save workbooks. ● It is used for preparing charts, presenting numerical information in graphical form. ● It provides formulas for simple mathematical and logical operations. Application of MS Excel ● It is used for basic spreadsheet calculations. ● It is used to prepare the budget. ● It is used for data analysis. ● It is used to prepare income statement, tax statement, loan statement, etc. ● It is used for scientific and engineering data processing. ● It is used to prepare graphical presentation. Microsoft Excel 8 Chapter
Approved by Curriculum Development Centre 97 Oasis Radiant Computer Science, Book 8 Getting Started with Excel 2010 We can start the MS Excel by using the following steps: (4) Search for Microsoft Excel 2010 from the submenu and click it. This will launch Microsoft Excel 2010 application. Following is the basic window which you get when you start excel application. There are different components of MS Excel Window. Steps (1) Click Start button. (2) Click All programmes option from the menu. (3) Search for Microsoft Office from the sub menu and click it.
Oasis Radiant Computer Science, Book 8 98 Approved by Curriculum Development Centre File Tab: You can click it to check Backstage view, which is the place to come when you need to open or save files, create new sheets, print a sheet, and do other file-related operations. Quick Access Toolbar: You will find this just above the File tab and its purpose is to provide a convenient resting place for the most frequently used commands. You can customise this toolbar based on your comfort. Ribbon: Ribbon contains commands organised in three components:
Approved by Curriculum Development Centre 99 Oasis Radiant Computer Science, Book 8 ● Tabs : They appear across the top of the Ribbon and contain groups of related commands. Home, Insert, Page Layout are examples of ribbon tabs. ● Groups : They organise related commands; each group name appears below the group on the Ribbon. For example, group of commands related to fonts or group of commands related to alignment, etc. ● Commands : Commands appear within each group as mentioned above. Title bar: This lies in the middle and at the top of the window. Title bar shows the programme and sheet titles. Help: The Help Icon can be used to get excel related help anytime you like. This provides a nice tutorial on various subjects related to excel. Zoom Control: Zoom control lets you zoom in for a closer look at your text. The zoom control consists of a slider that you can slide left or right to zoom in or out, you can click + and - buttons to increase or decrease the zoom factor. View Buttons: The group of three buttons located to the left of the Zoom control, near the bottom of the screen, lets you switch among excel’s various sheet views. ● Normal Layout view: This displays page in normal view. ● Page Layout view: This displays pages exactly as they will appear when printed. This gives a full screen look of the document. ● Page Break view: This shows a preview of where pages will break when printed. Sheet Area: It is the area where you enter data. The flashing vertical bar is called the insertion point and it represents the location where text will appear when you type. Row Bar Rows are numbered from 1 onwards and keep on increasing as you keep entering data. Maximum limit is 1,048,576 rows. Column Bar Columns are numbered from A onwards and keep on increasing as you keep entering data. After Z, it will start a series of AA, AB and so on. Maximum limit is 16,384 columns.
Oasis Radiant Computer Science, Book 8 100 Approved by Curriculum Development Centre Status Bar: This displays sheet information as well as the insertion point location. From left to right, this bar can contains the total number of pages and words in the document, language, etc. You can configure the status bar by right-clicking anywhere on it and by selecting or deselecting options from the provided list. Dialog Box Launcher: This appears as a very small arrow in the lower-right corner of many groups on the Ribbon. Clicking this button opens a dialogue box or task pane that provides more options about the group. Entering Values in Excel Sheet area is the area where you type your text. The flashing vertical bar is called the insertion point and it represents the location where text will appear when you type. When you click on a box then the box becomes highlighted. When you double click the box flashing vertical bar will show up and you can start entering data then. So just keep your mouse cursor at the text insertion point and start typing whatever text you would like to type. There are following three important points which would help you while typing: ● Press Tab to go to next column. ● Press Enter to go to next row. Move Around in Excel Sheet Excel provides a number of ways to move around a sheet using the mouse and the keyboard. Moving with Mouse You can easily move the insertion point by clicking in your text anywhere on the screen. Sometimes if the sheet is big then you cannot see a place where you want to move. In such a situation you would have to use the scroll bars, as shown in the given screen shot: