STEP 5 LET’S ENRICH WORD POWER Opposite Adjectives Select two opposite adjectives from the groups of three. 1. good bad sad 2. friendly poor rich 3. heavy long light 4. hot soft cold 5. clean awake dirty 6. cheap clean expensive 7. loose empty full 8. hapy quiet noise 9. cold wet dry 10. left right top 11. smooth empty wide 12. asleep brave scared 13. thick thin wide 14. simple dark complex 15. dark young old 16. visible messy invisible 17. right near far 18. scared calm excited 19. strong weak deep 20. right ugly beautiful Name the following pictures. Approved by CDC, Nepal Pathfinder English Reader 2 101
?? STEP word LET’S USE WORDS use 6 Use the given words in your own sentences. house: We live in our houses. wild animals: Wild animals live in forests. river : ....................................................................................... hills : ....................................................................................... birds : ....................................................................................... mountain : ....................................................................................... trees : ....................................................................................... flowers : ....................................................................................... 102 Pathfinder English Reader 2 Approved by CDC, Nepal
fruits : ....................................................................................... factory : ....................................................................................... shop : ....................................................................................... market : ....................................................................................... domestic animals : ......................................................................... school : ....................................................................................... air : ....................................................................................... temple : ....................................................................................... water : ....................................................................................... soil : ....................................................................................... STEP 7 LET’S LEARN SPELLINGS Complete these words. ........................ ........................ ........................ ........................ f _ o _ e _ s a _ i _ a _ s d _ m _ s _ i _ b _ r _ _ ........................ ........................ ........................ ........................ f _ c _ o _ y s _ h _ o _ t _ e _ s r _ a _ ........................ ........................ ........................ ........................ w _ t _ r m _ r _ e _ f _ u _ t s _ o _ ........................ ........................ ........................ ........................ m _ u _ t _ i _ h _ i _ l _ p _ n _ s gra _ s _ _s ........................ ........................ ........................ ........................ t _ m _ l _ ch _ r _ h mo _ q _ es fi _ l _ s ........................ ........................ ........................ ........................ g _ r _ e _ p _ r _ h _ s _ i _ a _ p _ a _ gr _ u _ d Approved by CDC, Nepal Pathfinder English Reader 2 103
STEP GRAMMAR 8 LET’S LEARN GRAMMAR ADJECTIVES tall boy and short girl happy and sad rich and poor old car and new car empty box and full box clean and dirty environment raw mango and ripe mango green apple and red apple old man and young boy black hair and brown hair women beautiful peacock and ugly vulture 104 Pathfinder English Reader 2 Approved by CDC, Nepal
Read these. There was a dense forest. There were beautiful trees. There were tall and straight trees. They were happy. There was an ugly tree. The ugly tree was sad. In the above sentences, the words dense, beautiful, tall, straight, happy, ugly and sad are adjectives. An adjective describes colour, size, shape, taste, number and quality of a noun. Examples Red rose, small child, round ball, twenty students, good boy etc. 1. Choose the appropriate adjective from the brackets to complete the sentence. My house is new. His house is old. a. The sky is ________________ (blue/black). b. We should eat__________________ food(fresh/junk). c. The sun is _____________________ (hot/cold) d. Winter is_____________________ (cold/hot) e. Ben fights with his friends. He is a _____________boy (gentle/ naughty). f. Everyone likes Rima. She is a _____________(beautiful/ugly). g. Our blood is_____________________ (white/red). h. He always laughs. He is a______________man (sad/happy). i. She always cries. She is a________________girl (happy/sad). j. The writing board of our classroom _____________________. (black/white). Approved by CDC, Nepal Pathfinder English Reader 2 105
k. Our desks and benches are______________ (smooth/rough). l. We wear _____________________clothes(dirty/ clean). m. He always stands first in the class. He is an________________ (intelligent/ stupid). n. He follows teachers’ orders. He is an ________________boy (obedient/ disobedient). o. She takes part in every activity. She is a _________________ girl (dull/active). 2. Use the given adjectives in your own sentences. beautiful tall short new attractive red smart dangerous stupid lazy talkative huge big small grey fat STEP 9 LET'S PUNCTUATE Use of full stop We use a full stop at the end of a sentence. Incorrect Correct She is my mother She is my mother. We are students We are students. Let's do exercise Use full stops and capital letters where necessary. this is our school its name is sri malika bal mandir there are four hundred students our school’s principal is sri ramesh gaire he is a very strict person our teachers are very kind and friendly they love us we respect them our school is very famous its result is very good there are many facilities in our school we love our school 106 Pathfinder English Reader 2 Approved by CDC, Nepal
STEP 10 LET’S WRITE : Paragraphs Sample Paragraph : Environment Environment is the name of our surroundings. There are natural and man-made things in our surroundings. There are air, water, soil, trees, flowers, birds and animals in our environment. These are natural things. There are also houses, schools, hospitals, roads, factories, temples, churches, mosques, etc. These are man-made things. Natural things like air, water, soil, birds, animals and plants are very important for our life. So we should protect natural things. Water Choose and complete. natural living live need water drink cook clothes utensils irrigation electricity life Water is a ______ thing. It is very important for all ______ things. We cannot ______ without water. Living things ______ water. Men, birds, animals and plants all need ______. We ______ water. We Approved by CDC, Nepal Pathfinder English Reader 2 107
need water to ______ food. We need water to wash our ______. We need water to bathe. We need water to clean house and things. We need water to clean our ______. We need water for ______. We need water to produce ______. We need water for fish farming. Water is our ______. STEP 11 LET’S LEARN PRONUNCIATION SILENT C AND D Look, listen and say after your teacher. Don’t speak coloured c and d. silent 'c' disciple /dɪˈsaɪpl/ muscle /ˈmʌsl/ descend /dɪˈsend/ obscene /əbˈsiːn/ fascinate /ˈfæsɪneɪt/ silent 'd' Wednesday /ˈwenzdeɪ/ sandwich /ˈsænwɪtʃ/ badge /bædʒ/ edge /edʒ/ STEP 12 DICTATION: LISTENING TEST 1. Listen and write. Learn the given words for dictation. environment describing pictures pollution water rivers animals birds plants forests flowers blossom admire climate beautiful dense branches twisted trees artificial woodcutter mountains hills valleys natural 108 Pathfinder English Reader 2 Approved by CDC, Nepal
2. Listen and complete. Listen to the teacher or the audio disc and complete the sentences. a. The conversation is between …………………….and John. b. The weather is……………….. c. Mary wants to wear a ……………………… d. Mary is ………………cold-blooded girl. e. John advises her to bring a ……………………. STEP 13 PROJECT WORK Take a drawing paper. Draw a beautiful picture of environment. Approved by CDC, Nepal Pathfinder English Reader 2 109
UNIT 5 My Belongings Pre-reading activity Let's use words Let's write Let's talk Let's learn pronunciation Dictation Let's recite Let's learn spellings Project work Let's read Let's learn grammar Let's enrich word power Let's punctuate STEP 1 STEP 6 STEP 11 STEP 2 STEP 7 STEP 12 STEP 3 STEP 8 STEP 13 STEP 4 STEP 9 STEP 5 STEP 10 Learning Items and Steps of the Unit OBJECTIVES OF THE UNIT After the completion of the unit, students will be able to: Ò name and use the vocabulary of belongings Ò ask for information about things, places and persons Ò give information about things, places and persons Ò keep their belonging properly Ò use some conjunctions like and, but, so, because, or Ò use of question marks properly Ò Use the phrases ‘There is…’ and ‘There are…’ correctly 110 Pathfinder English Reader 2 Approved by CDC, Nepal
STEP 1 PRE-READING ACTIVITY Circle the things that you have. bag pen pliers cutter books notebooks cap pant table spatula ribbon color box bed glass pillow scissors hairband lunch box car comb house shower bicycle water bottle shirt soap eraser shocks scooter handkerchief ship sofa pencil ladder cupboard spectacles pin chair screw shoes hacksaw walking stick bus boot lipstick school hammer blackboard tool oven globe kettle television basketball nail road carpet button umbrella chopstick fork chart glove laptop computer toothpick map lamp guitar mobile sandals micro oven belt ring mirror slippers broom refrigerator razor mixer cutter bench grinder first aid box frock torch curtain speaker football whiteboard marble shower bandage frying pan STEP 2 LET'S TALK Language Functions Ò Asking for and giving information about immediate possession Talking-1 A : What is the boy doing? B : He is fishing. A : What is he carrying? B : He is carrying a fishing rod. He has a fish in his fishing rod. Approved by CDC, Nepal Pathfinder English Reader 2 111
Talking-2 A : Who are in the picture? B : There are two students and a teacher. A : What is the teacher carrying with her? B : She is carrying a file with her. A : What is she wearing? B : She is wearing a kurta, a paijama and a sal. A : Who is with the girl? B : Her brother is with the girl. A : What is she carrying on her back? B : She is carrying her bag on her back. A : What is she wearing? B : She is wearing a frock and black school shoes. Talking-3 A : Who is he? B : He is a soldier. A : What is he wearing? B : He is wearing army dress. A : What is he carrying? B : He is carrying a gun with him. Talking-4 A : Who is he? B : He is a postman. A : What is he carrying? B : He is carrying letters in his hand and bag. Asking for information and giving information Teacher : Hello. Are you a new student? Student : Yes, Ma’am. 112 Pathfinder English Reader 2 Approved by CDC, Nepal
Teacher : What is your name? Student : Anil Sharma. Teacher : How old are you? Student : I am seven. Teacher : What’s your previous school’s name? Student : Kids World Teacher : Nice to meet you, Anil. Student : Nice to meet you too, Ma’am. STEP 3 LET’S RECITE Listen and say: phonic awareness Look at the lines; listen to your teacher and say. These are my things Books, pens and rings These are my caps Hanging on the taps These are my goods Foods and hoods These are my toys They give me joys This is my chair It has no pair These are my shoes I never lose This is my bag To keep my tag Approved by CDC, Nepal Pathfinder English Reader 2 113
Let’s learn words. things : belongings hanging : dangling goods : things, properties hoods : covers Understanding the poem a. Write the rhyming words used in the poem. Things : rings b. Write the names of the things mentioned in the above poem. STEP 4 LET’S READ Pre-reading Look and say. What do you see in the pictures? Puzzle Game Find the following words in the word puzzle. property twins different separate belongings properly messy frequently untidy decorated 114 Pathfinder English Reader 2 Approved by CDC, Nepal
k f r e q u e n t l y h e m g o r k h e l y w z e b a r a m b e l o n g i n g s b h d a n d a r y u n t i d y l e s a t y a s a s m b a d y a k d l m e s s y u m p n i c k d i f f e r e n t d e y l a j b p t p n r s u d i n o d e c o r a e e d z h x h z p r o p e r t y w o k w z x o k z k q a h q u x t b w w q x t b h t u o b p o x q k z p r o p e r l y u z h k While-reading Listen and say: phonic awareness Look at the words, listen to the teacher and say after the teacher. belongings : things, properties twins : doubles, lookalike different : unlike, dissimilar separate : single, particular properly : correctly, appropriately decked : decorated, ornate irritates : annoys, aggravates often : frequently, regularly Approved by CDC, Nepal Pathfinder English Reader 2 115
Read to understand Read, find and say. a. How does Nisan keep his belongings? b. How does Nita keep her belongings? c. Why do the teachers like Nita? d. Why does Nisan get punishment? Read, find and say. a. How does Nisan keep his belongings? b. How does Nita keep her belongings? c. Why do the teachers like Nita? d. Why does Nisan get punishment? The Twins Nisan and Nita are twins. They are seven years old. They study in grade two. They are very different in their nature and behavior despite being twins. Let’s read about them. Nisan is a careless boy, but Nita is very careful girl. They have their separate studyrooms at home. Nita keeps her belongings like dresses, books, bags, notebooks, pens, pencils, erasers, colours, etc. properly in their own places. She finds her things whenever she wants. Nisan does not keep anything properly. He does not keep things but throws them. When he comes back home, he throws his bag anywhere. He takes his books and pencils in his hand and keeps somewhere and forgets them. This is why; he does not find his things in time. 116 Pathfinder English Reader 2 Approved by CDC, Nepal
Nita keeps her books and notebooks on her bookcase. She keeps her school dresses, house dresses and out dresses separately and properly in their own places. When she picks up anything, she keeps the thing back at the same place. She looks always neat and tidy. Her study room is clean and decked. Her parents like her. Her teachers always praise her. Nisan’s room is very messy. So it looks dirty. He does not find his things in time because he does not keep them in their own places. He always keeps on asking to his mother: Mummy, where is my bag? Where are my books? Where are my shoes? Etc. He always gets late to get ready for his school. He is always in a hurry. So he often forgets his books, note-books and school diary to keep in the bag. His teachers make him stand-up on his seat. He always annoys his teachers and friends at school. He irritates a lot his parents and sister at home. Post-reading activities LET’S PLAY WITH WORDS 1. Match the words with their similar meaning. hurt untidy messy haste teachers admire praise tutors belongings uncaring careless things Approved by CDC, Nepal Pathfinder English Reader 2 117
2. Choose the correct opposite words from the box. tidy students careful dislike pleases remembers enemies never a. messy: ____________ b. teachers : ____________ c. careless: ____________ d. praise: ____________ e. forgets: ____________ f. irritates: ____________ g. friends: ____________ h. always : ____________ 3. Choose the correct word to complete each sentence. messy tidy forget remember friend enemy suffer enjoy praise hate a. Don’t make your room ....................... . b. How can we ....................... our parents? c. When I am in problem, my ....................... helps me. d. Careless persons ....................... a lot in their life. e. We ....................... tidy persons. f. A disease is our great ........................ COMPREHENSION CHECK Let’s read and find facts. 4. Let’s write true or false. a. Nisan and Nita are good friends. b. Nisan keeps his belongings properly. c. Nita’s teachers like her. 118 Pathfinder English Reader 2 Approved by CDC, Nepal
d. Nita looks always neat and clean. e. Nisan’s study room is neat and clean. f. Nita’s teachers always praise her. 5. Read and find the missing word/s. a. Nisan and Tina are ……………………… b. They are very different in their ……………………… c. Nisan is a ………………………boy. d. Nita is a………………………girl. e. Nita keeps her ………………………properly. f. Nisan does not find his things ……………………… 6. Choose the appropriate option. a. Nisan and Nita are… i. friends ii. twins b. Nisan is ………….. i. careful ii. careless c. Nita is ………….. i. careless ii. careful d. Nisan and Nita share……………………….for study at home. i. common room ii. separate room e. Nisan keeps his things ………………….. i. properly ii. carelessly f. Nita puts he belongings i. in their own places ii. anywhere g. All teachers like ………………… i. Nisan ii. Nita h. .………………..gets late for school. i. Nisan ii. Nita Approved by CDC, Nepal Pathfinder English Reader 2 119
Let’s read between the lines. 7. Let’s answer. a. Nisan does not find his belongings in time, why? b. Nita finds her things in time, how? c. Why do the teachers like Nita? d. Why do teachers make Nisan stand up on his bench? e. Write three differences between Nisan and Nita. STEP 5 LET’S ENRICH WORD POWER Names of belongings clothes shoes books notebooks bags handbag socks pencils caps water bottle bedroom caps hats shirt pants frocks belt spectacles pencils pens handkerchief tiffin box purse rucksack toothbrush brush sofa table chair bed pillow bed-sheet comb medicine soap cream armchair drawer mirror cup STEP word LET’S USE WORDS use 6 Choose twenty words from the above list and use them in your own sentences. Clothes : We wear clothes to cover our body. Shoes : We put on shoes to save our feet. .............. : ........................................................... 120 Pathfinder English Reader 2 Approved by CDC, Nepal
STEP 7 LET’S LEARN SPELLINGS Choose and write. medicine change notebook rucksack pen glasses keys mobile watch toothbrush toothpaste clothes bed pillow TV mirror wardrobe handkerchief spectacles socks a. A square of cotton or other finely woven material intended for wiping one's nose : .................................... b. A pair of glasses : .................................... c. a garment for the foot and lower part of the leg : ............... d. Doctors prescribe this : .................................... e. Loose money, coins : .................................... f. Book you write in : .................................... g. Bag you carry on your back : .................................... h. Used to write with : .................................... i. Worn to help you see well : .................................... j. Used to open doors : .................................... k. Used to talk to people : .................................... l. Used to know time : .................................... m. Used to brush your teeth : .................................... n. Paste is used while brushing teeth : .................................... o. Items worn to cover our body : .................................... p. A piece of furniture for sleep or rest : .................................... q. We put it under our head while sleeping : ............................. r. We watch news, films and other serials on it : ....................... s. A large and tall cupboard in which clothes are kept : ........................... Approved by CDC, Nepal Pathfinder English Reader 2 121
t. A glass in which we see our own face and body : ........................... u. A piece of thick absorbent cloth for drying oneself or wiping things dry : ........................... STEP GRAMMAR 8 LET’S LEARN GRAMMAR Conjunctions Read the following sentences. The coloured words are conjunctions. They connect words or sentences. Dashin and Tihar are great festivals of Hindus. I usually see my sister, parents, and aunt during the holidays. Hindus worship idols, but Muslims don’t worship idols. His father is literate but mother is illiterate. Rima is absent because she is sick. My sister is very cute, so everyone loves her. You can take tea or coffee but not both. She always fails in the exam because she is very lazy. We can see water, but we cannot see air. All teachers love her because she is obedient. She is obedient, so every teacher loves her. In the above sentences, the words and, but, because, so and or are conjunctions. Conjunctions are called connectives too. Let's do exercise 1. Fill in an appropriate conjunction because, so, or, and or but in the blanks. a. I called her .................... she did not answer. b. Do you like a pizza .................... a burger? c. My father .................... mother are farmers. 122 Pathfinder English Reader 2 Approved by CDC, Nepal
d. Our teacher is strict .................... he is caring. e. She is beautiful .................... she is not proud. f. Our school has a football ground .......... a basketball court. g. I bought a pencil .................... a notebook yesterday. h. Do you like milk tea .................... black tea? i. She did not come to school ...................... she was sick. j. She was sick, .................... she did not come to school. k. Do you sit on the chair .................... on the bench? l. I did not go to her birthday party .................... she did not invite me. m. Nepal has high mountains .................... it has no seas. n. We live together, .................... we are strong. o. They are weak .................... they don’t live together. p. We need air, water .................... food to survive. q. We can live without a computer .................... we cannot live without food. r. He has a car .................... a motorcycle .................... he does not have a bicycle. s. You can go out .................... sleep here, .................... you cannot watch TV. t. Our principal was angry today ....................... we made a noise in the classroom. STEP 9 LET'S PUNCTUATE Use of question marks We use a question mark at the end of a question. Read these sentences. What is your name? How old are you? Are you a student? What is your father’s name? Does he teach you? Can you help me? Will you come tomorrow? Approved by CDC, Nepal Pathfinder English Reader 2 123
Let's do exercise Use full stops, question marks and capital letters where necessary. Nepal is a beautiful country, isn’t it we live in nepal we love our country do you not love your country do you know lord Buddha was born here he was born in lumbini where is kapilvastu it is in lumbini neapal has mountains, hills and plain areas where is pashupatinath temple it is in Kathmandu Kathmandu is the capital of nepal STEP 10 LET’S WRITE ‘There are…’ or ‘There is…’ What things are there in your bag? Use ‘There are…’ for many things and ‘There is..’ for a single thing. Start like this: There is my bag. There are many things in my bag. There is a tiffin box in it. There…. a. What things are there in your kitchen? Write. b. What things are there in your classroom? Write. c. What things are there in your bedroom? Write. STEP 11 LET’S LEARN PRONUNCIATION SOUND SYMBOLS Look, listen, say and write. /æ/ sound cat /kæt bat/bæt/ bad/bæd/ land/lænd/ sad/sæd/ 124 Pathfinder English Reader 2 Approved by CDC, Nepal
/ʌ/ sound but /bʌt/ cut/kʌt/ gun/gʌn/ come/kʌm/ some/sʌm/ /ɒ/ sound god /ɡɒd/ pot/pɒt/ hot /hɒt/ top /tɒp/ /ə/ sound us/as/ again /əgen/ never /nevə/ American /əmerɪkən/ STEP 12 DICTATION: LISTENING TEST 1. Listen and write. Learn the given words for dictation. belongings possession things cupboard sandals shocks spectacles bicycle ribbon information previous frequently irritate carpet decorate dresses erasers properly messy careless mirror medicine drawer rucksack toothbrush 2. Listen and tick. Listen to the teacher or the audio disc and tick the best option. a. Aman studies in grade: i. One ii. Two iii. Three b. Aman’s father calls to his school : i. to pay school fees ii. to inform his sickness iii. to get the exam routine c. The phone call is received by: i. the receptionist ii. the class teacher iii. the principal Approved by CDC, Nepal Pathfinder English Reader 2 125
d. Aman is suffering from i. diarrhea ii. fever iii. headache e. The name of Aman’s class teacher is: i. Miss Ranjana ii. Miss Rajani iii. Miss Rani f. Aman studies in section: i. A ii. B iii. C STEP 13 PROJECT WORK Color the picture. My Belongings Take a drawing paper and draw a picture of your house. Name the parts of the house. 126 Pathfinder English Reader 2 Approved by CDC, Nepal
UNIT 6 OUR CULTURE Pre-reading activity Let's use words Let's write Let's talk Let's learn pronunciation Dictation Let's recite Let's learn spellings Project work Let's read Let's learn grammar Let's enrich word power Let's punctuate STEP 1 STEP 6 STEP 11 STEP 2 STEP 7 STEP 12 STEP 3 STEP 8 STEP 13 STEP 4 STEP 9 STEP 5 STEP 10 Learning Items and Steps of the Unit OBJECTIVES OF THE UNIT After the completion of the unit, students will be able to: Ò tell about their festivals, dress and food Ò tell about the months of the year Ò use vocabulary related to culture Ò use some adverbs of manner, place and time Ò use commas correctly Ò pronounce the words of silent ‘L’ correctly Approved by CDC, Nepal Pathfinder English Reader 2 127
STEP 1 PRE-READING ACTIVITY What do you see in each picture? 128 Pathfinder English Reader 2 Approved by CDC, Nepal
STEP 2 LET'S TALK Talking-1 A : How many months are there in a year? B : There are twelve months in a year. A : Which is the first month? B : January is the first month. A : Which is the last month? B : December is the last month. A : In which month is your birthday? B : My birthday is in August. Talking-2 Lakpa : Good morning! We always take the same bus but we’ve never spoken before. My name is Lakpa. Lira : Hi! I am Lira. Lakpa : How was your day? Lira : It was a busy day. Lakpa : By the way, what do you do for a living? Lira : I am a secretary. I work in a government office. Lakpa : Wow! That sounds great. Lira : How about you? What do you do for a living? Lakpa : I am in digital marketing. Most of my work is done online. Lira : That must be interesting. Language Functions Ò Talking about months of the year Ò Talking about jobs Approved by CDC, Nepal Pathfinder English Reader 2 129
Talking-3 Tika : Hello, Bina! Bina : Hi, Tika. What do your parents do for a living? Tika : My father is a teacher and my mother is a nurse. Bina : Wow! That sounds great. Tika : What do your parents do for a living? Bina : My father is a government officer and my mother is a teacher. Tika : That’s great. Talking-4 Son : Dad, could you tell me about the days of the months? Father : Which month, son? Son : How many days are in April? Father : April has thirty days. Like April, June and November also have thirty days. Son : Which months have thirty-one days? Father : May, July, August, September, October, November, December and January have thirty-one days. Son : Oh! How many does has February? Father : February has twenty-eight days. Son : Thank you dad for your help. Father : It’s my pleasure to help you, dear son. 130 Pathfinder English Reader 2 Approved by CDC, Nepal
STEP 3 LET’S RECITE Listen and say : phonic awareness Look at the lines, listen to your teacher and say after your teacher. All Are Humans Some are Muslims and some are Hindus Some are Christians and some are Jews They are different in race and dress They are different in their progress Tall or short, black or white All are humans, they shouldn’t fight. 1. Match the pictures with the names. temple church mosques gumba Approved by CDC, Nepal Pathfinder English Reader 2 131
2. Let’s complete. people physically white culture festivals human respect There are different types of ..................... in the world. People are different ...................... Some are tall and some are short. Some are ..................... and some are black. People are different in ..................... and religion. They have their own faith. They have different feast and ...................... They speak different languages. Despite the differences in culture, religion, language, dress, color, height, all are ..................... beings. We should ..................... each and everyone and their way of life. Let’s Google Surf the internet and read some poems about people. Write one of them. Recite it to your class. Let’s compose. Write a poem about human beings. STEP 4 LET’S READ LEARNING PROCESS Pre-reading Look and say. What do you see in each picture? Holi kheleko, dasaima tika laayeko, tiharma bhailo kheleko, Christmas tree banayeko, ed ma gala meileko, Buddha ko puja gareko Puzzle Game Find the following words in the word puzzle. celebrated worship fasting mainly victory brotherhood sacrifice success relationship banquet 132 Pathfinder English Reader 2 Approved by CDC, Nepal
a b d a k r v i c t o r y r m a i n l y p s p n s p k e y n j o l f b a n q u e t z i q w p k a f c f i c n v m h u o m x s x r z x c n u k f e r x k t z i k n e y k n a t s e p i x f z m s p u i e g h f a n t i c j s j p v g x i w v g v c u o m i f j c d p f c e l e b r a t e d b r o t h e r h o o d v z j f r e l a t i o n s h i p i While-reading Listen and say: phonic awareness 1. Look at the words, listen to your teacher and say after the teacher. Words Meanings brotherhood : kinship, relationship celebrated : observed, performed fasting : not eating, abstaining food feast : banq uet, dinner known : identified, called mainly : mostly, largely mark : indicate, observe sacrifice : offering, cost sacrifice : offering, cost victory : conquest, success worship : respect, adore Approved by CDC, Nepal Pathfinder English Reader 2 133
Read to understand 2. Read, find and say: a. What are the festivals of Hindus? b. How do people celebrate Holi? c. Who celebrate Eid, Christmas and Gurupurnima? Holi Holi is a festival of colours. It is played with colours. It is mainly celebrated by Hindus in Nepal and India. This festival is also known as the ‘festival of love’. It falls on the full moon day of February(Falgun). Dashain Dashain is the greatest festival of Hindus. They worship Goddess Durga. This festival is celebrated for ten days. It is celebrated all over the world by Hindus. It is the festival of victory over evil. Tihar Tihar is the second greatest festival of Hindus. It is a festival of lights. People worship Goddess Laxmi. It is celebrated for five days. Sisters worship their brothers. People play Deusi and Bhailo. 134 Pathfinder English Reader 2 Approved by CDC, Nepal
Eid Eid is a festival of Muslims. It is known as Eid al-Fitr ‘Feast of Breaking the Fast’. It marks the end of the month of Ramadan. It is the Islamic holy month of fasting. Another Eid is Eid alAdha ‘ Feast of the Sacrifice’. Christmas Christmas is a great festival of Christians. It is celebrated on 25th December every year. It is celebrated to mark the birth of the Lord Jesus Crist. It is a festival of love, care and brotherhood. Buddha Purnima Buddha Purnima is a festival of Buddhists. It is celebrated to mark the birthday of the Lord Buddha. Purnima means full moon day. Approved by CDC, Nepal Pathfinder English Reader 2 135
Post-reading activities Let’s play with words 1. Match the words with their meanings. brotherhood adore feast offering worship chiefly sacrifice banquet mainly kinship 2. Choose the correct word for each definition. celebrated festival brotherhood sacrifice fasting worship a. A day or period of celebration, typically for religious reasons : .................... b. The feeling of kinship with and closeness to a group of people or all people: .................... c. An act of slaughtering an animal or person or surrendering a possession as an offering to a deity: .................... d. Be deprived of all or some kinds of food: .................... e. The feeling or expression of reverence and adoration for a deity: .................... f. A significant or happy day or event) with a social gathering or enjoyable activity: .................... 136 Pathfinder English Reader 2 Approved by CDC, Nepal
Comprehansion Check Let’s read and find facts. 1. Let’s write true or false. a. Holi is the festival of Muslims. b. Eid is celebrated by Christians. c. Tihar is known as the festival of lights. d. Christmas is celebrated by Christians. e. Hindus celebrate Dashain. 2. Let’s complete. a. The festival of Holi is celebrated by…………………… b. The festival of Eid is celebrated by……………………… c. The festival of Christmas is celebrated by…………………. d. The festival of Buddha Purnima is celebrated by …………… e. The festival of Tihar is celebrated by ………………………….. 3. Let’s choose. a. Tihar is the festival of ___________ i. lights ii. love iii. dark b. Dashain is the festival of___________ i. victory ii. history iii. failure Approved by CDC, Nepal Pathfinder English Reader 2 137
c. Eid is the festival of ___________ i. Hindus ii. Muslims iii. Christians d. Gurupurnima is observed by___________ i. Christians ii. Buddhists iii. Hindus e. Goddess Laxmi is worshipped in ___________ i. Holi ii. Tihar iii. Eid 4. Let’s answer. a. Who is worshipped at Dashain? b. Whose birthday is celebrated at Christmas? c. Who worship Goddess Durga? d. Which festival is called the ‘Festival of Lights’? e. Where do Muslims go for prayer? f. What does ‘Purnima’ stand for? g. What are the festivals of Muslims? h. When is Christmas celebrated? Let’s read between the lines 5. Answer these questions. a. Why is Holi called the ‘festival of colours’? b. Why is Tihar called the ‘Festival of Lights’? Let’s write 6. What kind of festivals do you celebrate? Write about one of them. 138 Pathfinder English Reader 2 Approved by CDC, Nepal
STEP 5 LET’S ENRICH WORD POWER Read and rewrite. religion norms values society feast banquet livelihood practice experience dress fashion politics beliefs arts song dance costumes people manner custom foodstuff holidays festivals rules STEP word LET’S USE WORDS use 6 Complete the sentences. culture society festival costume banquet custom a. …………… refers to the ideas, customs, and social behaviour of a particular people or society. b. ………… is a traditional and widely accepted way of behavior. c. …………… is the community of people living in a particular country or region. d. …………… is a day or period of celebration, typically for religious reasons. e. …………is a set of clothes in a style typical of a particular country or historical period. f. …………… is an elaborate and formal evening meal for many people. Approved by CDC, Nepal Pathfinder English Reader 2 139
STEP 7 LET’S LEARN SPELLINGS (a) Add letters and make new words ending with –ure. ure p c cult+ure=culture (b) Match and make new words. holi ure culture fest ety reli ion cost ess dr ume fash gion soci val cult days STEP GRAMMAR 8 LET’S LEARN GRAMMAR (i) Look, listen and say after your teacher. These are adverbs. easily, happily, loudly, silently, quickly, quietly, sadly, slowly, hurriedly, always, never, every day, frequently, often, once, twice, sometimes, early, late, soon, after, before, today, tomorrow, yesterday, now, here, there, everywhere, up, down, inside, outside, near. 140 Pathfinder English Reader 2 Approved by CDC, Nepal
(ii) Read these sentences. I wake up early in the morning. She comes late to school. She dances beautifully. We read silently. The tortoise walks slowly. God is everywhere. Let’s go up. (iii) Use correct adverbs from the box and fill in the gaps. inside loudly easily simply friendly never upside twice always up down tomorrow a. Let’s go .................. . It is very cold outside. b. Please, don’t talk .................. . The baby is sleeping. c. The questions are simple. You can do them .................. . d. Friends talk .................. with their friends. e. The dog is barking outside. Somebody is .................. . f. I brush my teeth .................. a day. g. I am a vegetarian. I .................. eat meat. h. She is a singer. She .................. sings songs. i. A hot air balloon goes .................. . j. My father will come .......................... from China. (iv) Use these adverbs in your own sentences. sometimes often always beautifully never everywhere now quickly before slowly Adverbs are words that tell something about verbs. Approved by CDC, Nepal Pathfinder English Reader 2 141
STEP 9 LET'S PUNCTUATE Use of commas (,) We use a comma (,) to separate series of things. I have a pen, a pencil, a book, and a notebook. She has got a goat, a cow, and a hen. Let's do exercise 1. Use commas where necessary. a. Ben has got a cap a hat a belt and a bag. b. We need air water and food to survive. c. Can you live without air water food and house? d. There are teachers students and other staff in a school. e. There are books notebooks pens pencils erasers and ribbons in my bag. STEP 10 LET’S WRITE Writing about Festivals Christmas Fill in the gaps. festival falls love churches pray enjoy world gifts eve wear decorate Santa celebrated Christmas is a great .................. of Christians. It .................. on December 25. It is ........................ to observe the birth of Lord Jesus Christ. It is celebrated all over the ................... People go to ........................ on the eve of Christmas for prayer. They .................., sing and dance there. People ........................ 142 Pathfinder English Reader 2 Approved by CDC, Nepal
Christmas tree in their houses and streets. People .................. new dresses. Children .................. this festival most. They wait for the .................. Clause to come to their house. Children get lots of .................. at Christmas. People exchange gifts. It is a festival of .................. and mercy. Let's do exercise a. What festival do you celebrate? How do you celebrate it? Write. b. Write about a festival that you know but don’t celebrate. STEP 11 LET’S LEARN PRONUNCIATION Silent L Look, listen and say. Silent L half /hɑːf/ palm /pɑːm/ calm /kɑːm/ would /wʊd/ should /ʃʊd/ could /kʊd/ talk /tɔːk/ chalk /tʃɔːk/ walk /wɔːk/ Approved by CDC, Nepal Pathfinder English Reader 2 143
STEP 12 DICTATION: LISTENING TEST 1. Listen and write. Learn the given words for dictation. culture festival holidays celebration Muslims Hindus Buddhists Christians Jews human happiness different costumes sacrifice victory god goddess almighty religion norms rituals worship prayer singing wishes 2. Listen and complete. Listen to the teacher or the audio disc and complete the sentences. a. The conversation is about parents’ …………. b. Madan’s father is a…………………….. c. Madan’s mother is a……………………… d. Malik’s father is a …………………….. e. Malik’s mother is a …………………………………… STEP 13 PROJECT WORK Collect pictures or photos of different festivals. Paste them on a chart paper. Give a short introduction under the picture. 144 Pathfinder English Reader 2 Approved by CDC, Nepal
UNIT 7 Communication, Technology and Market Pre-reading activity Let's use words Let's write Let's talk Let's learn pronunciation Dictation Let's recite Let's learn spellings Project work Let's read Let's learn grammar Let's enrich word power Let's punctuate STEP 1 STEP 6 STEP 11 STEP 2 STEP 7 STEP 12 STEP 3 STEP 8 STEP 13 STEP 4 STEP 9 STEP 5 STEP 10 Learning Items and Steps of the Unit OBJECTIVES OF THE UNIT After the completion of the unit, students will be able to: Ò tell about the means of communication and transportation Ò tell about time using a watch Ò describe the activities of pictures Ò use time prepositions at, in, on Ò use apostrophe commas Ò pronounce the words of silent ‘w’ correctly Approved by CDC, Nepal Pathfinder English Reader 2 145
STEP 1 PRE-READING ACTIVITY Look and say. What are these pictures? What do we do with them? 146 Pathfinder English Reader 2 Approved by CDC, Nepal
STEP 2 LET'S TALK Asking for and giving information Talking-1 San : You are looking so smart, Raj. Raj : Really! How? San : Because of your new cap. When did you buy it? Raj : I bought it yesterday. San : Where did you buy it? Raj : I bought it from the super market. San : How much did you pay? Raj : I paid one hundred fifty rupees only. San : That’s cheap, isn’t it? Raj : Yes, it is. Talking-2 Sahib : I have got a new bag. Is it beautiful? Salini : Yes, it is. Where did you buy it? Sahib : My mother bought it for me. Salini : Where did she buy it? Language Functions Ò Talking about time Ò Describing pictures Approved by CDC, Nepal Pathfinder English Reader 2 147
Sahib : She bought it from the Mini Market. And where did you buy your bag? Salini : I bought it from the super market. Does it look nice? Sahib : Yes. You look so pretty in it. Salini : Thank you. What time is it now? It is six o’clock. It is half past two. It is quarter to ten. It is quarter past six. What activity do you see in the picture? 148 Pathfinder English Reader 2 Approved by CDC, Nepal
What are the children doing? Sam Jack Michael Joseph Milly Isobel Kyle Miss Smith 1. Match up the questions and the answers. Who is passing the glue? It's green. Where is the picture? They are round. When is this? Sam Where are the children? There are seven. What colour is the box in the corner? A cat. What shape are the tables? I'ts on the wall. Why are the children colouring in? It's the morning. How many children are there? It's Michael's. Which animal is on the board? They are in the classroom. Approved by CDC, Nepal Pathfinder English Reader 2 149
2. Are the sentences true or false? Put T or F on the line. a. _______ The teacher is called Miss Smith. b. _______ There is a red ruler on Milly's table. c. _______ Sam has got blond hair. d. _______ The classroom door is blue. e. _______ There is a picture on the wall. f. _______ There is a dog on the blackboard. g. _______ Jack is crying. h. _______ The picture is behind Miss Smith. i. _______ Joseph is sitting beside Milly. j. _______ Jack is between Sam and Michael. k. _______ Miss Smith is angry with the class. l. _______ There is a dog under the table. Describe the picture. 150 Pathfinder English Reader 2 Approved by CDC, Nepal