Health, Physical Education & Creative Arts - Book 7 (Approved by CDC) 201 (c) Animal's Art: Use your sketch book and practice step by step to draw a beautiful painting of the animal (rabbit). Key Points: Color is the element of art that is used to decorate any object or art. In art design, color has a swing of attributes which are primarily subjective. The three basic rules of the art are pattern, harmony and contrast. The temperature of color refers to the warmth or coolness of a color.
202 Health, Physical Education & Creative Arts - Book 7 (Approved by CDC) The use of warm colors in the foreground of a painting and cool colors in the background of a painting can create the illusion of three dimension and distance. Cross-hatching art is a method of line drawing that describes light and shadow. A. Write short answer of the following questions. (1) What is a color? Define in your own words. (2) What is warm color? Write with examples. (3) What is cool color? Write with examples. (4) Which color is known as the hottest color? Why? (5) What is cross-hatching art? Define. (6) Which color is known as water-soluble paint or color? Write with the reason. Project Work Please, organize a workshop on the Topics of color types and its temperature in your school. You can invite the fan of arts from different schools and local artist. Please, observe the adjoining tutorial portrait and attempt to sketch your own portrait by using warm and cool colors. Expand Your Knowledge! The Color Wheel! A color circle, based on red, yellow and blue, is traditional in the field of art. Sir Isaac Newton developed the first circular diagram of colors in 1666 AD. Since then scientists and artists have studied and designed numerous variations of this concept.
Health, Physical Education & Creative Arts - Book 7 (Approved by CDC) 203 Printing, Clay Work, Collage 11 and Construction Unit COURSE CONTENTS: Surface Print Clay Pot Making Mix Media and Collage Construction Estimated Teaching Hours: 6 Hours (Working Hours)
204 Health, Physical Education & Creative Arts - Book 7 (Approved by CDC) Lesson 1 Printing Art 1.1. Introduction The printing art is the process of creating artworks by printing, normally on paper, but also on fabric, wood, metal, and other surfaces. A print is a work of graphic art which has been conceived by the artist to be realized as an original work of art, rather than a copy of a work in another medium. This surface is then inked and the image is transferred to paper or another material by the application of pressure, thus creating an impression, or print. 1.2. Surface Print and Art The surface printing is a technique in which the image is printed from the flat surface of the metal, stone or other material. The major surface method is lithography, a planographic (rolling) process. It is also termed as flexography. The surface printing, first used in 1839 AD, is the oldest automated printing method still in use today. Most wallpaper were originally printed on surface printing machines. The surface print is not only applicable for the art. It can be used for the design and decoration. We can adopt this method for making card, handkerchief, table post, curtain, sticker, etc. Leaf print on paper Surface print of flower on fabric
Health, Physical Education & Creative Arts - Book 7 (Approved by CDC) 205 1.1 Please, observe the adjoining image. What activity is showing in the image? Explain and follow it in your work. Key Points: The printing art is the process of creating artworks by printing, normally on paper, but also on fabric, wood, metal, and other surfaces. The surface printing is a technique in which the image is printed from the flat surface of the metal, stone or other material. The major surface method is lithography, a planographic (rolling) process. The surface print is not only applicable for the art that can be used for the design and decoration. A. Write short answer of the following questions. (1) What is printing art? Define in your own words. (2) What is print? Write. (3) What is surface art? Define. (4) Name the major methods of surface art. (5) What do you know about leaf print? Write. Project Work Please, make the surface print of the following objects. You can use different printing materials like paper, fabric, card board paper, etc. a. Peepal leaf b. Palm and Thumb print c. Bank coin d. Print of onion and potato slice
206 Health, Physical Education & Creative Arts - Book 7 (Approved by CDC) Lesson 2 Clay Work 2.1. Introduction The process of making different things from clay is known as clay work or clay craft. The quality and life of the clay products depend up on the quality of clay (soil). This can be used for the production of home utensils, decorative items, educational materials such as cube, block, etc. It is also known as pottery in the community. 2.2. Techniques of Clay Work Simple technology can be used in clay work / pottery. The production cost of the work is low but the quality is high. Gauro, Ghaito, Surai, Khutruke (Piggy Bank) and Diyo / Pala are some clay products. There are two common techniques to construct clay products. These techniques are as: a) Coil Method b) Potter Wheel Method Coil Method Potter Wheel Method A Clay Pot
Health, Physical Education & Creative Arts - Book 7 (Approved by CDC) 207 Requirements The followings are the required things for clay work: a. Suitable soil b. Thread c. Water pot, color box, brush, ruler and knife d. Floor board for kneading soil e. Apron f. Rotating wheel / frame of different shape and size 2.1 Please, use any method of clay work and work to make the following items. a. Vase b. Diyo / Pala c. Flower Stand Key Points: The process of making different things from clay is known as clay work or clay craft. Simple technology can be used in clay work / pottery and the production cost of the work is low but the quality is high. There are two common techniques to construct clay products: coil and potter wheel. Clay work is known as pottery in the community. A. Write short answer of the following questions. (1) What is clay work? Define. (2) What are methods for the clay work? Enlist. (3) Mention the required materials for the clay work.
208 Health, Physical Education & Creative Arts - Book 7 (Approved by CDC) Lesson 3 Collage Art 3.1. Introduction Collage is a technique of composing an artwork by gluing a wide range of materials including pieces of paper, fabric, newspaper clippings and sometimes readymade objects to a surface. A collage is a visual work. It is derived from a French word papiers collés (or decoupage) meaning ‘to glue’ and describe techniques of pasting paper cut-outs onto various surfaces. Collage can also include other media such as painting and drawing and contain three-dimensional elements. 3.2. Collage and Mixed Media Collage is a type of mixed media work. The term ‘mixed media’ refers to a work that incorporates multiple visual materials. The resultant work may be two or threedimensional. Mixed media simply means more than one medium being used in a piece, so it can be painting and magazine images, assembled junk, ink and watercolor, etc etc etc. Collage is a specific art term, meaning a piece formed primarily by images that stick down to a substrate (surface / layer) to form a new image. Required Materials The almost painting materials can be incorporated into mixed media art of collage, including: A beautiful mixed media to collage art A Mixed Collage
Health, Physical Education & Creative Arts - Book 7 (Approved by CDC) 209 (1) Oil paint (2) Acrylic paint (Fast-drying paint) (3) Watercolors (4) Ink (5) Gouache (Opaque Watercolors ) Step by Step Process for the Mixed Media on Canvas (1) Wet the photocopy paper with a spray bottle. (2) Place the photocopy paper on canvas and brush gel medium over the top. (3) Apply step 1 of Fragile Crackle (color) and allow to dry until the crackle (crack) is clear. (4) Apply step 2 of Fragile Crackle and allow to dry. (5) Mix equal parts of retarder/extender with paint color of choice. 3.1 Please, organize a workshop on collage art and techniques in your school. In the same time, organize a competition among the artists on the open theme of collage art.
210 Health, Physical Education & Creative Arts - Book 7 (Approved by CDC) Key Points: Collage is a technique of composing an artwork by gluing a wide range of materials including pieces of paper, fabric, newspaper clippings and sometimes readymade objects to a surface. The term collage is derived from a French word papiers collés (or decoupage) meaning ‘to glue’ and describe techniques of pasting paper cut-outs onto various surfaces. Mixed media simply means more than one medium being used in a piece, so it can be painting and magazine images, assembled junk, ink and watercolor, etc. A. Write short answer of the following questions. (1) What is collage art? Define in your language. (2) State any two media for the collage making. (3) Define mixed media of collage art. Please, apply the mixed media of collage art and prepare the collage of the following objects and show your teacher and friends: (1) Rooster (2) Elephant (3) Rose (4) Pea-cock (5) Tree
Health, Physical Education & Creative Arts - Book 7 (Approved by CDC) 211 Singing and Playing 12 Unit COURSE CONTENTS: Technical Terms of Music Singing Playing Estimated Teaching Hours: 10 Hours (Working Hours)
212 Health, Physical Education & Creative Arts - Book 7 (Approved by CDC) Lesson 1 Singing 1.1. Technical Terms of Music A word or phrase used in a specialized field to refer to objects that are particular to that field is known as technical term. There are no adequate terms in ordinary language to replace them. Music is also a specialized field and its some technical terms are given below. 1. Musical Sound: It may be any tone with characteristics such as controlled pitch and timbre. The sounds are produced by instruments in which the periodic vibrations can be controlled by the performer. 2. Naad: The essence of all sounds, it is a particular vibration, a fundamental frequency. The sound, which can be used for music is called Naad and the sound which cannot be used for music is called noise. 3. Shruti (Melody): In the Sanskrit language, the word Shruti means a sound that is heard. It is said that Shruti (Melody) is the mother; Laya (Rhythm) is the father. Therefore, Shruti and Laya are the principal components of music. 4. Svara / Swara -:j/_: Swar is a Sanskrit word that connotes simultaneously a breath, a vowel, the sound of a musical note corresponding to its name and the successive steps of the octave or Saptak. Ram Krishna Dhakal, Legendary Singer
Health, Physical Education & Creative Arts - Book 7 (Approved by CDC) 213 5. Bibhag: It represents duration of rhythmic phrasing in classical music made up of a certain number of beats. 6. Matra: In a classical music, a Matra is a beat, the smallest rhythmic subunit of a Taal - the musical meter. It is one of the three levels of structure for Taal along with Bibhag and Avartan. 7. Sam: The Sam is the first beat of the cycle in the Taal. The word Sam literally means to "conjoin" or "come together". One of the main functions of the Sam is to establish a point of resolution. 8. Taal: The word Taal literally means 'a clap. In the Classical Music, the Tabla is the most commonly played musical instrument to keep Taal. The basic concepts of Taal are: tali or bhari, khali, bibhag or (anga), matra, bol, theka, lay, sam and avartan. 9. Khali: The word "khali" literally means empty. In the field of music, the word implies a wave of the hand. This wave of the hand, along with its counterpart, the clap of the hand, forms the basis for time keeping. 10. Riyaz: It literally means training or practice. In the art, riyaz is the systematic practice of music, dance or any other art form usually under the guidance of a teacher or preceptor. It is known as Sadhakam or Sadhana. 11. Sargam -;/ud_M It refers to singing the notes instead of the words of a composition. Sargam has seven basic notes called swaras or sur -:j/; jf ;'/_. These are Shadja, Rishabha, Gandhara, Madhyama, Panchama,
214 Health, Physical Education & Creative Arts - Book 7 (Approved by CDC) Dhaivata and Nishada. We commonly come across them in their shortened forms as Sa, Re, Ga, Ma, Pa, Dha, and Ni. 1.2. Singing Singing or vocal is a chief component of music. The regular Riyaz sharpens the vocal. Let’s practice the following songs. You can use harmonium, guitar, murali, keyboard or any other instruments. a. Class Song -sIffut uLt_ and Activity The lyrics of class song for the seventh graders are given below. Read and remember the lyrics and practice to sing. You can show the individual or chorus performance. The use of musical instruments makes your performance wonderful. xTj]mnfdf df6f] /fvf}F x[bodf /f/f laxfgLsf] 3fd agf}F cFw]/Lsf] tf/f ;'g kmNg] kmfF6;Fu} u'/fF; k'mNg] kfvf Pstfsf] dfnf ufF;L 5'G5f}F ;u/dfyf pGgltsf] af6flt/ gf}nf kfOnf rfnL rDsfpF5f}F xfd|f] b]z 1fgsf] lbof] afnL /Lltlylt, efiff, wd{, ;+:s[ltsf wgL efjgfn] Pj}m xfdL slt :jfledfgL 1fg l;sf}F, l;k l;sf}F sfd nfUg] u/L pGgltsf 9f]sf v'N5g\ xfd|} jl/kl/ . -/rgf M >lds a/fn, u0f]z 1jfnL, lbjfs/ 9'ª\u]n, ;'jf;rGb| 9'ª\u]n, u0f]zk|;fb e6\6/fO{, xl/x/ ltldlN;gf_
Health, Physical Education & Creative Arts - Book 7 (Approved by CDC) 215 b. Patriotic Song -:jb]zufg_ Title -af]n_M /ftf] / rGb| ;"o{, Lyrics -/rgf_M uf]kfn k|;fb l/dfn Music -;+uLt_M cDa/ u'?ª , Singers -:j/_M /ljg zdf{, ls/0f k|wfg / ;'lgtf ;'Aaf Album -PNad_M zflGt ;+uLt ;GWof /ftf] / rGb| ;"o{, hª\uL lgzfg xfd|f] lhpFbf] /ut ;l/ of], aNbf] of] zfg xfd|f] /ftf] / rGb| ;"o{ lxdfnem}F c6n of], em's]g of] slxNo} nq]g of] slxNo}, hª\uL lgzfg xfd|f] of] hGdb} hutdf, s}of}+ k|xf/ cfP ;fd|fHo b'O{ xf/], xf/]g zfg xfd|f] /ftf] / rGb| ;"o{ ha;Dd rGb| ;"o{, cfsfzdf /xG5g\ ta;Dd x'G5 cfÇg}, /ftf] /ut of] xfd|f] ufO{ ;l/ 5g\ ;fw', hf] hf] oxfF hutdf ;asf] z/0f alnof], hª\uL lgzfg xfd|f] /ftf] / rGb| ;"o{, hª\uL lgzfg xfd|f] lhpFbf] /ut ;l/ of], aNbf] of] zfg xfd|f] /ftf] / rGb| ;"o{, hª\uL lgzfg xfd|f] . 1.1 Please, set up a group of musician in your class and rehearsal this patriotic song and record your singing for the judgment. You can surf in You Tube channel to get new idea. Gopal Prasad Rimal, Poet
216 Health, Physical Education & Creative Arts - Book 7 (Approved by CDC) c. Local Song (A Song of Tharu Language) Title -af]n_M nfnk'l/of======= Singer -:j/_M cab]z dxtf] Lyrics / Music -/rgf ÷ ;+uLt_M dl0f/fh dxtf] nnk'/Lof – nnk'/Lof – xd/f nnk'/Lof xl/c/] /x;O{ xdf/ v]t al/of g]kfnsf la/ kf? xd/f nnk'/Lof nnk'/Lof – nnk'/Lof – xd/f nnk'/Lof . dxf/fhf, d's'Gb l;+x, a]gL d0fL /fhf nnk'/s /xn;Lg cfbLaf;L /fhf pq/]df lz/yfg blvg]df nl/lgof g]kfns la/ yf? xd/f nnk'/Lof . sf]Nx'jf gGbLephL, sfp;f]tL s6/jf tfn xdf/ k'vf{s l;+rn eO{ 3]nO{ ;fn];fn cUof}nLs gGbf]g/, l;o/Ls cf;sf r'/Lof g]kfns la/ yf? xd/f nnk'/Lof . nnk'/s ljr]ljr s]/+uf, bghf]/ axOs o;g's b'v] ljr sc/f ;e lhcOs Mani Raj Mahato Song Writer, Nawalparasi (East)
Health, Physical Education & Creative Arts - Book 7 (Approved by CDC) 217 e0fPs uf];fO{ afaf, a/Lof]nLs e/Lof g]kfns al/yf? xdf/f nnk'/Lof . bfpGg], sfnLsf, s'df/jtL{ dfO{ xd/ft+ ;f]bflbg Ox] dgn] hfO{s lk7f}nLs ahf/ a'9Lof uf]8f/s u'G/xLof . g]kfns la/ yfF? xd/f nnk'/Lof nnk'/Lof ====== xl/c/] /x;O{ xdf/ v]t a/Lof g]kfns la/ yf? xd/f nnk'/Lof nnk'/Lof – nnk'/Lof – xd/f nnk'/Lof . -/rgf M d0fL /fh dxtf], gjnk/f;L -k"j{__ 1.2 Please, set up a group and rehearsal this Tharu song and record your singing for the judgment. Key Points: A word or phrase used in a specialized field to refer to objects that are particular to that field is known as technical term. It is said that Shruti (Melody) is the mother; Laya (Rhythm) is the father. The regular Riyaz sharpens the vocal of the singers.
218 Health, Physical Education & Creative Arts - Book 7 (Approved by CDC) Lesson 2 Playing 2.1. Introduction There are numerous instruments for the music. The playing the musical instruments makes the singing heart touching. The meaning of playing a musical instrument is the connection to your mind and to the feeling that you are in another world. In this unit, you can play keyboard, harmonium and Sur-baja (instruments) like Saranagi, Sitar, Tanpura, Tabala, Madal, Bansuri, etc. for your activities. Playing Keyboard and Tabala (Sur Baja) (L to R) 2.1 a) Choose a song that is fabulous in your own locality and practice to sing along with playing keyboard, harmonium and Sur-baja (instruments) like Saranagi, Sitar, Bansuri, etc. b) Choose a patriotic or national song and practice the song to sing along with playing keyboard, harmonium and Sur-baja (instruments) like Madal, Sitar, Bansuri, etc.
Health, Physical Education & Creative Arts - Book 7 (Approved by CDC) 219 2.2. Practices of Swar (Vocal) i) Sargam and Type In the classical music, it has seven basic notes called swaras. These are Shadja, Rishabha, Gandhara, Madhyama, Panchama, Dhaivata and Nishada. We commonly come across them in their shortened forms as Sa, Re, Ga, Ma, Pa, Dha, and Ni. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Sa re Re ga Ga ma Ma pa dha Dha ni Ni Swaras Shudh Komal Vikrit Teeva Sargam of Music 2.2 Please, rehearsal swar (swaras) in various Nepalese classical and folk songs. You can take the guideline from your music teacher and musicians. The use of musical instruments is better in your work. ii) Alankar An alankar is any pattern of musical decoration. A musician or vocalist creates within or across tones, based on ancient musical theories by personal creative choices, in a progression of swar (sound). The concept of alankar applies to both vocal and musical instrument performance. Achal Swaras
220 Health, Physical Education & Creative Arts - Book 7 (Approved by CDC) There are 63 and 68 types of alankars respectively. The Shastras or ancient texts have categorized alankars into two broad groups – Varnalankar and Shabdalankar. 2.3 Please, rehearsal alankar in various Nepalese classical and folk songs. You can take the guideline from your music teacher and musicians. 2.3. Taal Practices a) Dadara -bfb/f tfn_ This is a classical Taal (rhythmic cycle), consisting of six beats in two equal divisions of three. The most commonly accepted Theka (Bol) or basic pattern for this Taal is dha dhi na, dha tu na. There is a higher emphasis laid on the first swar in comparison the following two, that is, dha - higher emphasis following dhi na and again a higher emphasis on dha following tu na. Let’s see Dadara Taal in the given table. Taal Signs X 0 Maatra 1 2 3 4 5 6 Bol (Theka) dha dhin na dha tin na This is a classical Taal and can be practiced by playing Basuri, Murali, Sitar, Madal, Harmonium, Sarangi, Tanpura, etc. bfb/f tfn ^ dfqf wf lw gf wf t' gf u k w ;f+ — — — — — /]+ /]+ u+ /]+ ;f+ lg w w lg w k d u/] d — w ;f /] u u d u /] ;f ;f ;f — ;f — — /] ;f w w ;f /] u u d u /] ;f ;f ;f — ;f — — — — —
Health, Physical Education & Creative Arts - Book 7 (Approved by CDC) 221 b) Kaharawa -sx/jf tfn_ Kaharawa is an 8-beat pattern used in rags. It consists of eight beats in two equal divisions: sam and khali. The period between every two beats is equal. The first beat out of 8 beats is called Sam and the fifth beat out of 8 beats is called Khali. Sam is the first division and khali is the second division. In Kaharawa, the audience claps on the first beat and then shows that fifth beat is waved (not clapped). /]zd lkml/l/ -sx/jf tfn_ ;f ;f/] u w k — — w @ k u/] ;f /]u /] — /]u /];f ;f ;f/] u w k kd+ u/] u /] /];f w /] ;f — — — Folk Song: Resham firiri………….. by Buddhi Pariyar l;dl;d] -sx/jf tfn_ /] /] /] u /] u k — /] u /]u k /] u k u/] w ;f — /];f w w k — /] u k — /] u /]u k /] u k u/] w ;f — /];f w w ;f ;f ;f — — — Dohori Song: Sim Sime Panima………….. by Prem Raja Mahat and Rekha Shah 2.4 What are your best musical instruments? Please, play and perform the different songs in Dadara and Kaharawa Taal.
222 Health, Physical Education & Creative Arts - Book 7 (Approved by CDC) 2.4. Local / Folk Instruments We have many folk instruments based on our culture, rituals, traditions, religion and festivals. Madal is a renowned folk instrument of Nepal. Murali, Bansurai, Sarangi, Khainjadi and Murchunga are some popular folk instruments of Nepal. a) Bansuri and Murali These are made from pieces of bamboo by making generally six holes on it. The six holes represent the musical notes. The typical length of them is between 30 centimeters (12 inch) to 75 centimeters (30 inch) and the thickness of a human thumb. Both of these instruments are similar in nature and played by blowing air through mouth. A little difference between these two is that Murali is played like flute / trumpet holding by lips and slops downwards whereas the Bansuri is kept horizontally (exactly how lord Krishna played in Mathura and Brindaban). One end of Bansuri is closed and few centimeters from the closed end is its blow hole. These instruments produce almost same types of sound. The longer Bansuri features deeper tones and lower pitches. These are also famous all over the country. In eastern culture, flute represents lord Krishna. The names Murali and Bansuri are synonyms and used alternately in some languages. Murali (L) and Bansuri (R) b) Madal The Madal is a traditional folk musical instrument of Nepal. The Madal consists of a cylindrical body with a slight bulge at its center. This
Health, Physical Education & Creative Arts - Book 7 (Approved by CDC) 223 instrument is made especially with skin stretched over both of the ends of a wooden hollow tube and tightened with leather strings. It has heads at both ends, one head larger than the other. It is usually played horizontally in a seated position by beating both heads with fingers. The both heads are played simultaneously. The Madal is the backbone of most Nepali folk music. It has gained its popularity beyond the borders. The famous Nepali musician, Ranjit Gajmer introduced this instrument to Bollywood music as well. 2.5 Please, play Madal, Bansuri and Murali in the group or single and sing the various Nepalese folk, dohori and classical songs. 2.5. Practices of Taal and Taal –Baja (Instrument) There are number of folk and traditional musical instruments in Nepal. Basuri, Murali, Sitar, Madal, Harmonium, Sarangi, Tanpura, Ek Tare, Tungna, etc. are some examples of such musical instruments. These instruments can be used for the different Taal of music. You can use these instruments to practice the following songs that you learned. a) Class Song b) National Anthem c) Patriotic Songs d) Folk and Dohori Songs e) Classical Songs, etc. Nepali Folk Dance
224 Health, Physical Education & Creative Arts - Book 7 (Approved by CDC) Key Points: The meaning of playing a musical instrument is the connection to your mind and to the feeling that you are in another world. Dadara is a classical Taal (rhythmic cycle), consisting of six beats in two equal divisions of three. Kaharawa is an 8-beat pattern used in rags and consists of eight beats in two equal divisions: sam and khali. In the classical music, Sargam has seven basic notes called swaras. An alankar is any pattern of musical decoration. Bansuri and Murali instruments are similar in nature and played by blowing air through mouth. The Madal consists of a cylindrical body with a slight bulge at its center. The Madal is the backbone of most Nepali folk music. It has gained its popularity beyond the borders. Rag (from Sanskrit), in the classical music, a melodic framework for improvisation and composition. The famous Nepali musician, Ranjit Gajmer introduced the Madal to Bollywood music as well. Basuri, Murali, Sitar, Madal, Harmonium, Sarangi, Tanpura, Ek Tare, Tungna, etc. are some examples of such Taal musical instruments. A. Write short answer of the following questions. (1) What is the playing a musical instrument? Write. (2) What is Alankar? Define. (3) What is the meaning of Swaras? Write. (4) Write an introduction to Basuri and Murali. (5) Write about the Madal.
Health, Physical Education & Creative Arts - Book 7 (Approved by CDC) 225 (6) What is rag? Define. (7) Write short notes on : a) Dadara Taal b) Kaharawa Taal (8) Draw the clean and neat figure of the flowing instruments : a) Bansuri b) Tabala B. Pictorial Test. Please, observe the labeling of the Madal and enlist any five parts. Matheri Tanaa Dhungro Juino Left face Ujindo Right face Length = 18 inch, Right Face = 5.5 inch, Left = 6.5 inch Kharee Katauro
226 Health, Physical Education & Creative Arts - Book 7 (Approved by CDC) Dance and Acting 13 Unit COURSE CONTENTS: Dance Acting Estimated Teaching Hours: 6 Hours (Working Hours)
Health, Physical Education & Creative Arts - Book 7 (Approved by CDC) 227 Lesson 1 Dance / Nritya 1.1. Introduction The dance means move rhythmically to music, typically following a set sequence of steps. It is a bodily movement, feeling and expression. People dance for all kinds of reasons. In other words, dance is the movement of the body in a rhythmic way, usually to music and within a given space, for the purpose of expressing an idea or emotion, releasing energy, or simply taking delight in the movement itself. 1.2. Classification of Dance The dance is an integral aspect of mankind. The dance, music and song are based on life, events, art, culture, ethnic and social norms, values and circumstances. In general, there are two classes of dance. a) Traditional Dance Nepal has a lot of dances with traditional songs and music from different language, castes and cultural group. People having diverse ethnic and cultural background such as Gurung, Newar, Magar, Rai, Limbu, Tharu, etc., they perform their dances (traditional) on the various occasions. The traditional dances are prevailing since ancient period to current time. A dancer is performing Nepalese Classical Dance
228 Health, Physical Education & Creative Arts - Book 7 (Approved by CDC) Basically, there are two types of traditional dance: Classical and Folk dances. i) Classical Dance A classical dance form is characterized by grace and precision (accuracy) of movement and by elaborate formal gestures, steps, and poses. It is a theatrical presentation of group or solo dancing to a musical accompaniment, usually with costume and scenic effects. Ghatu, Sorathi, Maruni, Deuda, Dhan, Chandi, Hanuman and Mayur are some examples of classical dances. Ghatu Dance of Gurung Community Dhan Nach of Limbu Community 1.1 Please, play the audio / video song of Ghatu and Dhan Nach of Gurung and Limbu community in your class / A-V room. Also practice to sing the played song and attempt to dance. You can use any device (such as mobile phone) to play the song. ii) Folk Dance A popular dance considered as a part of the tradition of a particular people or area is termed as folk dance. These dances are performed according to classical music and Nepali folk dances are based on the folk songs, music, custom, rituals and festivals. These dances are comparatively easy to show.
Health, Physical Education & Creative Arts - Book 7 (Approved by CDC) 229 Deuda Naach, Dhan Nach, Chandi Naach, Mayur Nanch, Lakhe Naach, Bhairabh Nach, Kartikeya Nach and dances at Teej and Tihar are examples of folk dances. Folk Dance Teej Dance 1.2 Please, form the different groups and show the performance on any folk dance and song as per your choice. You can organize a competition to fetch the competitive skill of dance. b) Modern Dance A style of theatrical dancing that is not as restricted as classical dance; movements are expressive of feelings is known as modern dance. Modern dance is a broad genre of western concert or theatrical dance which included dance styles such as ballet, folk, ethnic, religious, and social dancing. Modern Dance: Hip Hop and Zumba (L to R)
230 Health, Physical Education & Creative Arts - Book 7 (Approved by CDC) Hip Hop, Free Style, Ballroom Dance, Belly Dancing, Breakdown Dance, Zumba and Jazz Dance are some examples of modern dance. 1.3 What is your favorite modern dance? Please, select a suitable song and attempt to show that dance for the audience (classmates) and make them rocking. 1.2. Technical Terms of Dance Here are some technical terms related to dance. Let’s read and keep in the mind. a. Anga (Organ): Its literal meaning is body parts and Shudhi, meaning perfection. It means the perfection of body while dancing. The way of moving the body is termed as Anga Lakshana. b. Upanga and Pratyanga: They are like small rivers that flow into the main river and make the main river extremely powerful. When the Upanga and Pratyanga are structured well and well blended with the main parts that are the Anga, the beauty of Human body comes out. c. Angika Abhinaya: Angika abhinaya can be presented by using many parts of the body. The parts are Shaakha, Anga, Pratyanga and Upanga. There are three forms of Angika abhinaya: Shariraj, Mukhaj and Chestaakrut, all of which can be presented using Shaakha, Ang and Upaang. d. Mudras: In the classical dance, mudras are single hand gestures or double hand gestures, which can be meaningful or simply aesthetic. They also accompany a wider bodily expression that will give full meaning to the dance.
Health, Physical Education & Creative Arts - Book 7 (Approved by CDC) 231 1.4 Let’s look the adjacent image of a dance? What do you think? Does it reflect the tradition, ethnicity and communal background of any group or Janajati of Nepal? Please, clarify with essential information. 1.3. Local Dance and Practice The local dances are popular in a certain community. They are based on cultural, religious, festival and ethnic norms and values. The cultural and ethnical diversities of Nepal developed the wide background for the dances, songs, instruments and culture. Newar, Tharu, Gurung, Magar, Rai, Limbu, Rajbanshi, etc. have their own folk and cultural dances and songs with different flavor. The two folk and cultural dances are described below. a. Mayur Naach This dance is performed by western Magar community specially Kham Magar, popular in the Mid-Western part of Nepal, especially Rolpa and Rukum. It is performed on the occasion of Dashain by men in the community. Mayur Naach / Dance ........................................................
232 Health, Physical Education & Creative Arts - Book 7 (Approved by CDC) This dance is also fabulous in the Tharu community of western Tarai and shown with the beat of drum. In the Tharu community, both man and woman can perform the dance. The feathers of peacock are used to cosmetize the dancers and some of them can be seen like a peacock (Mayur). 1.5 What is your community? Please, write and act the followings: a) Enlist the costumes, ornaments and instruments used to perform the traditional dance. b) Collect and present the traditional background / story of any dance in the class. b. Deuda Naach Deuda is a Nepali genre of song and dance under folk category. Its subgenres include Thadi Bhakha, Rateri, Hudkeuli and Dhamari. Deuda is presented in the many regions of far western region and mid-western of the country on the occasion of various festivals, such as Gaura Parba. It is performed during the feasts and festivals. Deuda songs are very popular in Dailekh, Kalikot, Jumla, Achham, Bajhang, Doti, Dadeldhura, Baitadi, Bajura and Darchula districts. The group of man and woman performs the dance in the circle singing and playing the Deuda song impressively. 1.6 Please, play a Deuda song popular in the western Nepal and practice the dance of that song. Also record your dance and display in the class. Deuda Nritya / Dance
Health, Physical Education & Creative Arts - Book 7 (Approved by CDC) 233 Key Points: The dance means move rhythmically to music, typically following a set sequence of steps. The dance, music and song are based on life, events, art, culture, ethnic and social norms, values and circumstances. People having diverse ethnic and cultural background, they perform their traditional dances on the various occasions. Basically, there are two types of traditional dance: Classical and Folk dances. A classical dance form is characterized by grace and precision (accurateness) of movement and by elaborate formal gestures, steps, and poses. A popular dance considered as part of the tradition of a particular people or area is termed as folk dance. A style of theatrical dancing that is not as restricted as classical dance; movements are expressive of feelings is known as modern dance. The local dances are popular in a certain community and are based on cultural, religious, festival and ethnic norms and values. A. Write short answer of the following questions. (1) What is traditional dance? Define. (2) What is your own definition of dance? (3) What is folk dance? Define. (4) Why do people dance? State the reason. (5) What is a modern dance in your own words? Write. (6) Give the introduction to Deuda Naach. (7) Write about Mayur Naach.
234 Health, Physical Education & Creative Arts - Book 7 (Approved by CDC) Lesson 2 Acting (Abhinaya) 2.1. Acting and Costume The art, profession, or activity of those who perform in stage shows, plays, motion pictures, etc. is known as acting. There is a co-relation between acting and costumes. The selection and design of costumes for the characters of the acting represents the theme of story and dialogue. The use of costumes furnishes the show and performance of the artist. The speech (voice), the use of instruments and mimicry also create the uniqueness in the performance. 2.2. Acting: Aharya The acting that based on the traditional story and theme searches the special costumes, ornaments, make up and ornaments in the characters. Basically, such acting is renowned as Aharya Abhinaya (acting). Aharya (Abhinaya) means presenting a character before the audience through the use of costumes, make-up and ornaments. e.g. the traditional character of Krishna is portrayed by using a yellow silk dhoti also known as Peetambar, a crown (mukut), a necklace and a flute. There is a development of new trend of Aharya Abhinaya to portray new and modern character or role. 2.1 Please, show Aharya Abhinaya as your selection and interest in the stage or class. You can consult for the guru for the effective performance. Rama Thapaliya, Actor Kumari, a character for Aharya Acting
Health, Physical Education & Creative Arts - Book 7 (Approved by CDC) 235 2.3. Acting in Character The character he or she portrays in an act or movie and stage show. Thus, when we say that an actor is “in character,” we mean that the actor is behaving in accordance with a personality created by an author, shaped by a director. That is assumed by an audience, for purposes of a particular performance. The script and story is a principal component for the character. A character actor is a supporting actor who plays unusual, interesting or eccentric characters. A character artist in a scene of a Street Drama Sita Ram Kattel (alias Dhurmus) in a character of the Nepalese politician You may have both interest and passion in character acting. If you are looking for a convincing character, please keep the following tips in your mind. a) Get Into It: You should immerse yourself in the role. b) Be Prepared: Make sure to carefully read through your lines of script as well as memorize them. c) Take A Moment: Take a moment to breathe in your scene. d) Focus: Pay attention to what is going on around you in the scene. 2.2 You may be crazy of comedy. Please, choose a comedy character and pretend in the class or stage of your school. Hari Bahadur, Madan Bahadur, Muskan Pasa, Khadka Ji, Magne Buda, Mundre, Suntali, Jeri, Narad, etc. can be the characters for your performance.
236 Health, Physical Education & Creative Arts - Book 7 (Approved by CDC) Key Points: The character he or she portrays in an act or movie and stage show. Aharya (Abhinaya) means presenting a character before the audience through use of costumes, make-up and ornaments. There is a development of new trend of Aharya Abhinaya to portray new and modern character or role. There is a co-relation between acting and costumes. We must have both interest and passion in acting to be a professional. A. Write short answer of the following questions. (1) What is acting? Write in your own words. (2) What is Aharya? Define. (3) What is character in the field of acting?