sentence. There are two types of verbs. They are helping verbs and main verbs. The helping verbs are is, am, are, was, were, will, can, could, may, might, must, etc. The main verbs are go, write, sleep, eat, jump, play, walk, look, read, write, run, etc. The helping verbs help the main verbs to make tenses. The helping verbs is, am and are used in the present time. The verbs ‘was’ and ‘were’ are used for the past time. The verbs will and shall are used for the future time. Present time means running time, which is going now. Past time means which is already over . Future time means coming time. We use a verb in the present, past and future tenses. ACTIVITY - 2 Let's do and learn. Read the above text again and do the following activities. A. Match the following words with their meanings. present past main future sentence verbs Group-A major, principal doing words coming time combination of words running time earlier period or what was before Group-B B. Write True or False. a. There are two types of verbs. b. Was and were are main verbs. Leading English Grammar - 2 | 101
c. The present time shows the time which is going on. d. The past time shows which is already over. e. The future time indicates to coming time. f. The helping verbs help the main verbs. C. Answer the following questions. a. What are verbs? b. How many kinds of verbs are there? c. Write four examples of the helping verbs. d. What do the helping verbs do? e. Write four examples of the main verbs. f. What does the future time show? STEP 11 WRITING ACTIVITY - 1 Let's read and learn. My name is Arogya. I am a student of grade two. I was in grade one last year. I am working hard. I will be in grade three next year. He is my friend, Sabin. He is of my age. He is reading with me. He was reading with me last year. He will read with me next year. ACTIVITY - 2 Let's do and learn. Read the above text and write a paragraph with the help of the following questions. What are you doing now? What were you doing yesterday? What will you do tomorrow? What are you reading now? 102 | Leading English Grammar - 2
What were you reading yesterday? What will you read tomorrow? What is your mother doing now? What was she doing yesterday? What will she do tomorrow? What is your teacher teaching you today? What was she teaching you yesterday? What will she teach you tomorrow? STEP 12 WORDS IN USE ACTIVITY - 1 Let's do and learn. Use the following verbs and subjects in your own sentences as shown in the examples. Examples: I do homework. I am doing homework. I was doing homework. I will do homework. STEP 13 DICTATION Read the following verbs and their spellings for dictation. laugh following helping swimming learning watching trying working singing teaching Leading English Grammar - 2 | 103
STEP 14 UNIT REVIEW Unit Test-3 Full Marks : 25 Marks Obtained Time : 45 Minutes Grade ___________________ __________________ Guardian's Signature Teacher's Signature 1. Use the correct verbs from the brackets to fill in the gaps. (6) a. They ____________ dancing and singing at the picnic yesterday.(were/are/was) b. The teacher __________ teaching English to grade two now. (is/am/was) c. We __________ doing progress day by day.(are/were/was) d. We _________ and __________ everyday.(read write/ reading and writing/wrote and reading) e. My parents ___________ me very much.(love/loves/loving) f. They ________ to us tomorrow. (will come/coming/comes) 2. Use the following verbs to fill in the gaps. You can use the same verb more than once. (6) is am are was were a. She ___________________ bathing now but she ___________________ washing dresses yesterday. b. He ___________________ eating an apple today but he ___________________ eating a mango yesterday. c. I ___________ fine today but I ___________ sick yesterday. 104 | Leading English Grammar - 2
d. They ______________ here with us today but they _____________ out yesterday. e. You ___________________ looking so handsome today but you ___________________ looking sick yesterday. f. The girls ___________________ cleaning classroom today but they ___________________ reading yesterday. 3. Write four examples of the helping verbs and use them in your own sentences. (4) __________________________ ___________________________ __________________________ ___________________________ 4. Write four examples of the main verbs and use them in your own sentences. (4) __________________________ ___________________________ __________________________ ___________________________ 5. Use following verbs in your own sentences. (5) speak have clean jump were ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ Leading English Grammar - 2 | 105
USE OF ADJECTIVES UNIT 4 OBJECTIVES define and identify adjectives tell the types of adjectives and identify them. use different kinds of adjectives use question mark pronounce the letter s as z at the end of the words ending with b, d, g, l, m, n, r, y make positive, comparative and superlative forms of adjectives use degrees of adjectives correctly After the completion of this unit, students will be able to: " Chant the poem with action and tell the students to follow you. " Explain the meaning and types of adjectives to the students with examples. " Make pair discussion on the given activities. " Focus on oral activities and conversation before giving them writing task. " Connect adjectives to real life activities to make kids understand them easily. " Explain color adjectives, shape adjectives, number adjectives using real things. " Explain the functions of adjectives to the students with examples. " Tell them that adjectives answer the ‘how and what’ questions. " Facilitate students to use different kinds of adjectives to describe nouns " Download the videos of pronunciation of s letter as z in words and display to the students. TEACHING TIPS Adjectives are describing words. They describe nouns and pronouns. KEY CONCEPT 106 | Leading English Grammar - 2
STEP 1 STARTER ACTIVITY - 1 Cross word puzzle Complete the following crossword puzzle with the given words. good sweet bad first last oval high green intelligent round g h g o l f h b d i n t r d t s t Leading English Grammar - 2 | 107
STEP 2 LEARNING ITEMS OF ADJECTIVES 1. Adjectives Chant 2. Adjectives of Colour 3. Shape of Adjectives 4. Adjectives of Number 5. Adjectives of Quantity 6. Adjectives of Quality Item-1 Rhyme LET’S CHANT! Look, listen and say after your teacher with action. Adjectives, adjectives what are you called? Old or new, weak or boldWe are called Describing words. 108 | Leading English Grammar - 2
Clap your handsPat, pat, pat. Beat your feetTap, tap, tap. Open your mouthHa…ha…ha…! Adjectives tell us about the nounsAbout the nouns, about the nouns. Good or bad, short or tallAdjectives tell them, as they are. Clap your handsPat, pat, pat. Beat your feetTap, tap, tap. Open your mouthHa…ha…ha…! Item-2 Use of Colour Adjectives ACTIVITY - 1 Let's do and learn. A. Look, ask, say and write as shown in the example. Underline the colour adjectives. a. What is the colour of your hair? Or How is your hair? My hair is black. Or The colour of my hair is black. b. What is the colour of gold? The colour of gold is..................................... c. What is the colour of our blood? The colour of our blood is..................................... Leading English Grammar - 2 | 109
d. What is the colour of the leaves? _____________________________________________________________ e. What is the colour of your teeth? _____________________________________________________________ f. What is the colour of your school dress? _____________________________________________________________ g. What is the colour of your house? _____________________________________________________________ B. Write six names of colours and use them in your own sentences as shown in the example. red: I have a red ribbon. Item-3 Use of Shape Adjectives ACTIVITY - 1 Let's read and learn. Shape adjective is used to describe the shapes of things. A. Look, ask and say. a. How is a ball? It is round. b. How is your box? It is rectangular. c. How is your pencil? It is straight. 110 | Leading English Grammar - 2
B. Look and write. __________________________ __________________________ __________________________ __________________________ __________________________ __________________________ __________________________ __________________________ __________________________ Item-4 Use of Number Adjectives ACTIVITY - 1 Act and learn. Read, ask and answer in turn. Circle the coloured words, which are number adjectives. A: How many hands do you have? B: I have two hands. A: How many fingers do you have in your hands? B: I have ten fingers in my hands. A: How many eyes do you have? B: I have two eyes. Leading English Grammar - 2 | 111
A: How many pencils do you have? B: I have one pencil. A: Who is the first boy of your class? B: Jeevan is the first boy of our class. A: Who is the second girl of your class? B: Lata is the second girl of our class. Number adjectives are used to refer to numbers. One, two, three, four, first, second, third, etc. are called number adjectives. Points to Remember Item-5 Use of Adjectives of Quality ACTIVITY - 1 Act and learn. A : Who is your best friend? B : Rupesh is my best friend. A : How is she? B : She is beautiful and smart. A : How is her sister? B : Her sister is small and very cute. A : How is her smile and voice? B : She has sweet smile and honey voice. The words good, bad, sweet, bitter, tall, short, angry, happy, best, worst, cute, etc. are adjectives of quality. Adjectives of quality describe the qualities of nouns. Points to Remember 112 | Leading English Grammar - 2
ACTIVITY - 2 Let's do and learn. A. Ask, answer and write. Underline your adjectives in each sentence as shown. A: Who is your best teacher? B: Sonia is my best teacher. A: How is a chilly? B: A chilly is hot. A: How is snow? B: ________________________________________ A: How is fire? B: ________________________________________ A: How is stone? B: ________________________________________ A: How is a cotton pillow? B: ________________________________________ A: How is a crow by nature? B: ________________________________________ A: How is a cow by nature? B: ________________________________________ Adjective Noun Adjective Noun good boy tall girl sweet voice hard stone beautiful girl handsome boy highest mountain first student new dress old jacket hot coffee black tea Leading English Grammar - 2 | 113
B. Look at the following pictures and choose the correct adjectives. It is a ______ (tall/short) tree. It is a _____ (tall/short) tree. She has .....(long/short)hair. He has.... (long/short) hair. The elephant is ...(large/small) The mouse is.. (large /small) The ice cream is(hot/cold) The coffee is ..(hot/cold) 114 | Leading English Grammar - 2
C. Use the following adjectives in your own sentences. bright clever sweet bitter longest tallest STEP 3 Use of Punctuation Marks ACTIVITY - 1 Let's read and learn. A. Use of Question Mark (?) We use a question mark (?) while asking a question at the end of a sentence. What is your name? Where do you live? How old are you? Are you a student of grade two? Is she your mother? When do you wake up in the morning? ACTIVITY - 2 Let's do and learn. You have already studied the use of a full stop. You have just studied about a question mark. Now, use full stops and question marks where necessary in the following sentences. 1. How are you, Ramesh 2. There is a science exhibition in our school 3. Do you want to go with me 4. Where does your father work 5. What is your mother 6. Were they present in the class yesterday 7. You are very lucky, aren't you Leading English Grammar - 2 | 115
8. Nepal is our country 9. Is your teacher teaching you 10. She is our teacher. STEP 4 PRACTICE OF PRONUNCIATION ACTIVITY - 1 Let's listen and learn. Look, listen and say after your teacher. We pronounce letter s as /z/ after the letters b, d, g, l, m, n, r, y, rubs, climbs, nabs, curbs, disturbs funds, finds, pleads, welds, bonds bags, bangs, sings, rings, digs cools, controls, boils, feels, deals charms, transforms, swims, trims, cleans, listens, explains, begins plays, prays, says, pays, annoys Look, listen and say after your teacher. Adjectives Quantity Forty Forty-five Fourteen Twelve Handsome Most Tallest Excellent Attractive Charming Better Greedy Hungry STEP 5 RULES OF SPELLING ACTIVITY - 1 Let's read and learn. Some words have double letters. Learn and practise them. She is better in study than her brother. Gaurab is smaller than Ramesh. 116 | Leading English Grammar - 2
better smaller thinner taller latter hotter happier pretty prettiest bigger STEP 6 WORD POWER ACTIVITY - 1 Let's read and learn. We make new words of adjectives by changing into comparative and superlative forms. Positive Comparative Superlative good better best bad worse worst tall taller tallest small smaller smallest smart smarter smartest high higher highest STEP 7 CHOICE OF WORDS ACTIVITY - 1 Let's do and learn. Using the right word at the right place We use a comparative form to compare between two things, and a superlative form out of all. Look at the following sentences. Mohan is taller than Hari. Sohan is the tallest boy of all. Hari is the shortest of all. Mohan Hari Sohan Leading English Grammar - 2 | 117
Who is fatter than Mohan? ________________________ Who is the fattest of all? ________________________ Who is thinnest of all? ________________________ Mohan Rohan Binod Which animal is larger than the goat? ________________________ Which is the largest animal of all? ________________________ Which is the smallest animal of all? ________________________ Look at the following pictures and use the appropriate words. Gopal's bag Ram's bag Rina's bag 1. Gopal’s bag is __________________ than Ram's.(heavy, heavier, heaviest) 118 | Leading English Grammar - 2
2. Rina’s bag is __________________ of all.( lighter, heavier, lightest) 3. Gopal’s bag is __________________ of all.(lightest, heaviest, heavier) 4. Whose bag is the heaviest of all? 5. Whose bag is the lightest of all? STEP 8 LISTENING ACTIVITY - 1 Let's listen and learn. A. Listen to your teacher and say aloud after the teacher. What When How Where Whose Why Which Whom Yes Least Who is the best student of your class? Whose project is the excellent? Which chocolate do you like the most? What is the worst thing of life? Which is the least difficult way to get success? STEP 9 SPEAKING ACTIVITY - 1 Act and learn. A. Look, read, ask and say. After conversation, underline the adjectives. A: What is the largest animal on the land? B: The elephant is the largest animal on the land. Leading English Grammar - 2 | 119
A: How are its legs? B: Its legs are very fat. A: How does an elephant walk? B: It walks gently. A: How are its eyes? B: Its eyes are very small. A: How is its tail? B: Its tail is very short. A: How are its ears? B: Its ears are large and flat. A: How large are its tusks? B: Its tusks are very large. A: What are called its teeth? B: Its teeth are called tusks. B. Do pair conversations on the topic cow, buffalo, horse,camel,etc. as shown above. STEP 10 GRAMMAR COMPREHENSION ACTIVITY - 1 Let's read and learn. A. Look, listen and say after your teacher and do the activities that follow. Adjectives are describing words. They describe nouns. They tell us something about nouns. Some examples of adjectives are good, bad, tall, fat, small, rich, poor, weak, strong, etc. Adjectives 120 | Leading English Grammar - 2
describe quality, quantity, number, height, size and shape, nature, colour, etc. When we want to tell more about nouns, we use these adjectives. Suppose you want to tell about your best friend, then you need to use adjectives. You say she is my best friend. She is very beautiful. Her eyes are lovely. She is neither fat nor thin. She is helpful. She is polite. Her hair is long and soft. She has sweet voice. She is active in every matter,etc. There are different types of adjectives. You have already studied about colour adjectives which tell us about the colour of nouns. Number adjectives tell us about the number of nouns. Quality adjectives tell us about good, bad, sweet, bitter, rough, smooth, coarse, etc. qualities of nouns. ACTIVITY - 2 Let's do and learn. B. Match the following words with their meanings. 1. describe 2. example 6. polite 3. quantity 4. beautiful 5. voice Set-A a. good looking, attractive b. speech, tone f. tell, explain c. respectful, courteous d. amount, number e. instance, model Set-B C. Circle the adjectives in the following sentences. a. My brother is two years old and he is very handsome. b. Our class teacher looks very beautiful in new red sari. Leading English Grammar - 2 | 121
c. My father has bought me a lovely doll on my sixth birthday. d. There are seventeen students in my class. e. My mother cooks sweet and tasty food for us. f. Some are naughty and careless students in my class. D. Answer the following questions. a. What are adjectives? b. Write the comparative forms of bad and good. c. Write four examples of colour adjectives and use them in your own sentences. d. Write four examples of number adjectives and use them in your own sentences. e. Write four examples of adjectives of quality and use them in your own sentences. STEP 11 WRITING ACTIVITY - 1 Let's write and learn. A. Write a paragraph about your father giving answers to the following questions. Use different adjectives in your sentences. What is your father’s name? How old is he? What is his weight? What is his height? What is his colour? How is his hair? How is his face? What is his favourite food? What does he like to eat the most? How is his voice? What is his best colour? What kinds of water does he drink (cold or hot)?, etc. 122 | Leading English Grammar - 2
STEP 12 WORDS IN USE ACTIVITY - 1 Let's do and learn. Use the following adjectives in your own sentences. handsome _________________________________________________________. sweet _________________________________________________________. smart _________________________________________________________. beautiful _________________________________________________________. better _________________________________________________________. attractive _________________________________________________________. bitter _________________________________________________________. green _________________________________________________________. hot _________________________________________________________. cold _________________________________________________________. STEP 13 DICTATION Learn the following adjectives and their spellings for dictation. coarse sweet smooth lovely attractive charming beautiful dirty clean polite Leading English Grammar - 2 | 123
STEP 14 UNIT REVIEW Unit Test-4 Full Marks : 15 Marks Obtained Time : 25 Minutes Grade ___________________ __________________ Guardian's Signature Teacher's Signature 1. Circle the adjectives in the following sets of words. (5) Her teeth are very attractive. Nepal is a beautiful country. I have fifty rupees with me He eats much rice daily. Sira is taller than Mira 2. Use the following adjectives in your own sentences.(10) many ___________________________________________________________. dirty ___________________________________________________________. dark ___________________________________________________________. little ___________________________________________________________. much ___________________________________________________________. 124 | Leading English Grammar - 2
USE OF ADVERBS UNIT 5 OBJECTIVES define and identify adverbs use of manner adverbs and time adverbs construct manner adverbs use apostrophe After the completion of this unit, students will be able to: " Recite the poem with action and ask your students to follow you. " The chant helps students learn definition of adverbs with fun. " Explain the formation of manner adverbs with examples to the students. " Assign some adjectives to change them into manner adverbs. " Make peer and group conversation on the use of adverbs. " Explain the use of adverbs with examples so that students can understand easily. " Show the students the use of apostrophe with examples. " Make discussion on the given activities. The more students speak, the more they learn. " Read out the grammar comprehension and ask the students to follow you. Explain the text and discuss with the students before assigning them with written task. " Test the students’ learning outcome at the end of the unit. " Focus on oral activities and conversation for fluency. TEACHING TIPS Adverbs describe verbs, adjectives and adverbs in a sentence. KEY CONCEPT Leading English Grammar - 2 | 125
STEP 1 STARTER ACTIVITY - 1 Cross word puzzle Complete the following crossword puzzle with the given words. quickly beautifully nicely hurriedly sweetly lovingly carefully kindly simply hardly s h k n l b y s y y y y h y y c y q y 126 | Leading English Grammar - 2
STEP 2 LEARNING ITEMS OF ADVERBS 1. Adverbs Chant 2. Use of Manner Adverbs 3. Use of Time Adverbs Item-1 Rhyme ACTIVITY - 1 Let's chant. Look, listen and say after your teacher with action. Adverbs, adverbs what you are? Quickly, slowly, near or far We tell something about the verb About the verb, about the verb. Leading English Grammar - 2 | 127
Clap your handsPat, pat, pat. Beat your feetTap, tap, tap. Open your mouthHa…ha…ha…! How and where, when and how? We tell something about the verb About the verb, about the verb. Clap your handsPat, pat, pat. Beat your feetTap, tap, tap. Open your mouthHa…ha…ha…! Item-2 Use of Adverbs of Manner ACTIVITY - 1 Let's read and learn. A. Look at the following sentences and circle the coloured words, which are manner adverbs. 1. The rabbit is running quickly. 2. The tortoise is running slowly. She is dancing beautifully. She is singing sweetly. The sun is shining brightly. 128 | Leading English Grammar - 2
Manner adverbs are used to show how something happens or how somebody works. Most of the adverbs of manner are made by adding -ly to the adjectives. Points to Remember ACTIVITY - 2 Let's do and learn. A. Change the words given in the brackets into manner adverbs by adding –ly and complete the sentences. 1. The police man beats the thief ______________________ (angry) 2. He drives his bike __________________________ (slow) 3. They are dancing __________________________ (happy) 4. He is running _____________________ to catch the bus.(quick) 5. The sun is shining ____________________ in the sky.(bright) 6. She writes__________________________ (clear) 7. I can write English __________________________ (correct) 8. They fired guns at the enemy _____________________ (rapid) 9. She eats anything __________________________ (hurried) 10. We should walk on the ladder _____________________ (careful) B. Change the following words into the manner adverbs. sweet sweetly fair bitter silent slow quiet noise brave loud sharp proud full Leading English Grammar - 2 | 129
light tight heavy loving slight bright C. Use any six adverbs from the above table in your own sentences. ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________. Item-3 Use of Place Adverbs ACTIVITY - 1 Let's chant. Place adverbs, place adverbs What you are? Here, there, up and downAll you are; all you are! Clap your handsPat, pat, pat. Beat your feetTap, tap, tap. Open your mouthHa…ha…ha…! Place adverbs, place adverbs What you are? You are the words to show the place, Where the things are. 130 | Leading English Grammar - 2
Clap your handsPat, pat, pat. Beat your feetTap, tap, tap. Open your mouthHa…ha…ha…! ACTIVITY - 2 Let's read and learn. Look at the following sentences. She is standing there. Please, sit here. Go up quickly. Come down. We live in home. We go to school. The birds fly in the sky. Wild animals live in the forest. In the above sentences, the words there, here, up, down, home, school, sky, and forest are place adverbs. Place adverbs are used to show where a person or thing is. Points to Remember ACTIVITY - 1 Let's do and learn. Circle the place adverbs in the following sentences. 1. Hot air always goes upward. 2. The teachers are sitting there. 3. Why are you coming here? Leading English Grammar - 2 | 131
4. She is going up. 5. The water level is going down. 6. They are in the class. 7. We play on the ground. 8. We run vehicles on the road. 9. The aeroplane is flying over. 10. Water always flows downward. Item-4 Use of Time Adverbs ACTIVITY - 1 Sing and learn Time adverbs, time adverbs What you are? Now and then, today and tomorrow, All you are. Clap your handsPat, pat, pat. Beat your feetTap, tap, tap. Open your mouthHa…ha…ha…! ACTIVITY - 2 Let's read and learn. Look, listen and say after your teacher. Underline the coloured words. These are time adverbs. Where are you going now? I will come tomorrow. Today we will go to the zoo. She met me yesterday. 132 | Leading English Grammar - 2
Our school starts at ten o’clock. We come back home at four o’clock. Time adverbs are used to show the time of an action or a state. Points to remember ACTIVITY - 3 Let's do and learn. Circle the time adverbs. 1. They have already gone out. 2. I met her before. 3. They are reading their books now. 4. I will call you later. 5. We play games on Sundays. 6. She was born in July. 7. I wake up early in the morning. 8. Where do you go in the evening? 9. Our school begins at nine o’clock. 10. We celebrate a holiday on every Saturday. STEP 3 USE OF PUNCTUATION MARKS ACTIVITY - 1 Act and learn. Use of Apostrophe (’s) Read, ask and answer. A. Underline the red words. We use apostrophe (’s) to show ownership or right. A: What is your father’s name? B: My father’s name is ………………………… Leading English Grammar - 2 | 133
A: What is your mother’s name? B: My mother’s name is ………………………… A: What is your brother’s name? B: My brother’s name is………………………… A: What is your uncle’s name? B: My uncle’s name is………………………… A: What is your best friend’s name? B: My best friend’s name is ………………………… A: Whose bag is this? B: This is Hari’s bag. ACTIVITY - 2 Let's do and learn. A. Answer the following questions as above. 1. What is your school’s name? 2. Where is your friend's bag? 3. What is your Principal’s name? 4. What is your classteacher’s name? 5. What is your grandmother’s name? 6. What is your sister’s name? 7. What is your country's name? 8. What is your best player's name? B. Use an apostrophe (’s) where necessary. 1. What is your pets name? 2. What is your Nepali teachers name? 3. What is your favourite actors name? 4. Have you ever heard Narayan Gopals songs? 134 | Leading English Grammar - 2
5. Have you ever read Shakespears famous tragedy Romeo and Juliet? 6. How is your mothers hair? STEP 4 PRACTICE OF PRONUNCIATION ACTIVITY - 1 Let's listen and learn. A. Look, listen and say after your teacher. beautifully correctly clearly warmly calmly angrily lovingly carefully simply seriously cheerfully bravely boldly fondly easily honestly greedily happily sadly badly STEP 5 RULES OF SPELLINGS ACTIVITY - 1 Let's read and learn. We change -y into -ily of an adjective to change it into an adverb. Look at the following examples. Adjectives Adverbs Adjectives Adverbs greedy greedily happy happily angry angrily easy easily We can make adverbs by adding (ly) to the adjectives. Look at the following examples. Adjectives Adverbs Adjectives Adverbs bad badly foolish foolishly Leading English Grammar - 2 | 135
ACTIVITY - 2 Let's do and learn. Change the following adjectives into adverbs as shown above examples. Adjectives Adverbs Adjectives Adverbs slow clear fond neat careless perfect exact open faithful poor STEP 6 WORD POWER ACTIVITY - 1 Let's do and learn. Identify the following words whether they are nouns, verbs, adverbs or adjectives, and write them as shown. hard adjective love save hardly lovely safe hate lovingly safely hatefully loose hurry hateful loosely hurriedly quiet lose silently 136 | Leading English Grammar - 2
STEP 7 CHOICE OF WORDS ACTIVITY - 1 Let's do and learn. Choose the correct word from the brackets. 1. I am working very _________________ to pass grade two. (hard/hardly) 2. I will get the first position _________________ (easy/easily) 3. We should write our answer ______________ (clear/clearly) 4. Don’t eat _________________ (hurry/hurriedly) 5. I love _____________ environment.(peaceful/peacefully.) 6. We should walk ________________ on the stare.(careful/ carefully) STEP 8 LISTENING ACTIVITY - 1 Listen and learn. Look, listen and say after your teacher. success successfully succeeds repeat repeatedly sudden suddenly thoughtful thoughtfully through thoroughly wild wildly weakly faintly wise wisdom wisely strong strongly cleaver cleverly shyly truthful truthfully STEP 9 SPEAKING ACTIVITY - 1 Act and learn. A : How should we walk on the ladder? B : We should walk slowly on the ladder. Leading English Grammar - 2 | 137
A : How should we behave with our teachers and parents? B : We should behave respectfully with our teachers and parents. A : How should we speak with everyone? B : We should speak politely with everyone. A : How should we write our handwriting? B : We should write our handwriting neatly and clearly. ACTIVITY - 2 Act and write B. Look at the pictures and ask questions to your friend. Change and use the word as an adverb given in the brackets. A: How is the old man walking?(slow) B: __________________________ A: How are they celebrating the birthday?(happy) B: __________________________ A: How is he running?(quick) B: __________________________ 138 | Leading English Grammar - 2
A: How is she crying?(bitter) B: __________________________ A: How are they singing and dancing?(joy) B: __________________________ A: How does he behave with his pet?(love) B: __________________________ STEP 10 GRAMMAR COMPREHENSION ACTIVITY - 1 Let's read and learn. Look, listen and say after your teacher. Do the activities after reading it. Adverbs are words. They are known as modifying words. The meaning of modify is to change or describe. They describe adjectives and adverbs. Look at the examples: Rina walks slowly. Ask a question, ‘How does Rina walk?’ The answer is slowly. Here the word slowly is an adverb because it tells us something about the verb walks. Read the following story also. There were two friends. They were very good friends. They were a tortoise and a hare. The tortoise could not run fast. But the Leading English Grammar - 2 | 139
hare could run fast. The tortoise walked slowly. The hare used to tease his friend roughly. The tortoise did not like it. One day they held a race. The hare ran quickly in the beginning and was tired. He took a rest under a tree. The tortoise walked slowly and continuously. The hare was sleeping deeply. But the tortoise continued and reached the winning post. When the hare woke, he saw that the tortoise had already reached the winning post. The hare lost the race and felt ashamed and said sorry to the tortoise for his misbehaviour. ACTIVITY - 2 Let's do and learn. A. Match the following words in Set -A with their meanings in Set -B. 1. fast 2. slowly 3. continuously 4. change 5. tease Set -A a. laugh at, mock e. quick, rapid b. alteration, modification c. constantly, without stopping d. little by little ,leisurely Set-B B. Read the above text and Answer the following questions. 1. What are adverbs? _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ 2. What did the hare do to the tortoise? _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ 140 | Leading English Grammar - 2
3. How did the hare run in the beginning? _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ 4. How did the tortoise walk? _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ 5. Who felt ashamed? _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ C. Copy any four sentences from the story which have adverbs. Underline the adverbs. STEP 11 WRITING ACTIVITY - 1 Let's do and learn. A. Write ten sentences about your parents using different adverbs. My mother helps me lovingly. 1. _______________________________________________________________________ . 2. _______________________________________________________________________ . 3. _______________________________________________________________________ . 4. _______________________________________________________________________ . 5. _______________________________________________________________________ . 6. _______________________________________________________________________ . 7. _______________________________________________________________________ . Leading English Grammar - 2 | 141
8. _______________________________________________________________________ . 9. _______________________________________________________________________ . 10. _______________________________________________________________________ . STEP 12 WORDS IN USE ACTIVITY - 1 Let's do and learn. Use the following adverbs in your own sentences. friendly She behaves friendly with me. correctly _________________________________________________________. madly ________________________________________________________. angrily _________________________________________________________. carefully _________________________________________________________. slowly _________________________________________________________. STEP 13 DICTATION Look, listen and say after your teacher. Learn words and spellings for dictation. eagerly calmly frankly readily quickly properly furiously honestly willingly hastily 142 | Leading English Grammar - 2
STEP 14 UNIT REVIEW Unit Test-5 Full Marks : 25 Marks Obtained Time : 45 Minutes Grade ___________________ __________________ Guardian's Signature Teacher's Signature 1. Look, listen and say after your teacher. Do the activities after reading it. One day a small and naughty boy ran down hurriedly from the step. He slipped and fell down on the floor heavily. He was injured badly. He was taken to hospital immediately. He was admitted to hospital. He was treated carefully by the doctors. The boy had a wound on his head. He was treated seriously. The doctors did an operation quickly and successfully. The boy got recovery. After five days, he was discharged from hospital. The boy thanked the doctors and the nurses to save his life. He came out cheerfully from hospital with his parents. He promised his parents not to be naughty and not to do anything carelessly. Leading English Grammar - 2 | 143
A. Match the words in Set -A with their similar meanings in Set -B. (3) 1. injured 2. recovery 3. discharge Set -A a. improvement c. set Free c. wounded Set-B B. Find six adverbs from the above text and write them. (6) C. Answer the following questions. (5) a. How was the boy? ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ b. What happened to him on the step? ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ c. How many days did he remain in hospital? ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ d. Where did he get a serious injury? ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ e. What promise did he keep to his parents? ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ 144 | Leading English Grammar - 2
2. Circle the time adverbs in the following sentences. (4) a. Yesterday we went to the Central Zoo. b. Do you have an exam today? c. Let me go now. d. We sleep at night. 3. Circle the place adverbs in the following sentences. (3) a. Why are you sitting here without a permission? b. Don’t go upward. c. She is sleeping there. 4. Use the following words in your own sentences. (4) happily _________________________________________________________ regularly _________________________________________________________. timely _________________________________________________________. carefully _________________________________________________________. Leading English Grammar - 2 | 145
USE OF PREPOSITIONS UNIT 6 OBJECTIVES identify prepositions and use them properly use the prepositions of time, place, and movement correctly use capital letters, full stops and question marks identify compound words and construct them use compound words in sentences After the completion of this unit, students will be able to: " Show the use of place prepositions with real life examples such as table, bench, etc. It helps students understand clearly. " Explain the significance of prepositions. " Explain the use of time prepositions and movement prepositions with examples. " Use examples from daily life to make students understand things easily. " Use ‘ask and answer’ technique showing the pictures or real things to make students understand. " Show the students how compound words are formed. " Read out aloud the grammar comprehension and ask your students to follow you to make them understand and pronounce correctly. " Make oral discussion on grammar comprehension to make students understand clearly. " Test the students at the end of the unit. Before test, let them revise the whole unit. TEACHING TIPS Prepositions are used before nouns or pronouns to show their direction, movement, time, place and location. KEY CONCEPT 146 | Leading English Grammar - 2
STEP 1 STARTER ACTIVITY - 1 Cross word puzzle Complete the following crossword puzzle with the given words. above below inside over under between among behind with across a u a o r b e n r g b i e d a s w h Leading English Grammar - 2 | 147
STEP 2 LEARNING ITEMS OF PREPOSITIONS 1. Use of Place Prepositions 2. Use of Time Prepositions 3. Use of Prepositions of Direction and Movement Item-1 Use of Place Prepositions ACTIVITY - 1 Let's read and learn. Read the following text. Circle the coloured words, which are prepositions. It is Junu's family. Junu and Munu are two sisters. They are sitting at the table to take their breakfast. Their brother Aanada is sitting between Junu and Munu. Their plates and glasses are on the table. The fruits are in the basket. Their milk is in their glasses. Their mother is in the kitchen. She is cooking food. Their father is sitting on the sofa. A tea table is in front of the father. Some magazines are on the table. A family photo is behind him on the 148 | Leading English Grammar - 2
wall. He is reading a newspaper. Junu, Munu and Aananda are taking their breakfast. Their dog is at the gate. Their cat is sitting under the tea table. A fan is over the dining table. Junu and Munu have kept their books in their bags. A calendar is hanging on the wall. Their clothes are in the wardrobe. A TV is on the TV stand. ACTIVITY - 2 Look and learn Look at the following pictures and learn the different prepositions. behind the ball. in front of the ball. in the pot. on the drum. under the table. over the ball. between the chair and the drum. by/near the drum. Leading English Grammar - 2 | 149
ACTIVITY - 2 Look, do and learn. Look at the pictures and write the correct preposition to show the position of the cat. The cat is in the pot. ________________________ ________________________ ________________________ ________________________ ________________________ ________________________ ________________________ 150 | Leading English Grammar - 2