Basic Arabic - A Grammar and Workbook

Workbook Form III Perfect (‫)ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ‬ Meaning
and Answers afcal to bring (someone or something)
‫ﺃﺣ َﻀﺮ‬ 1st person singular
‫ﺃﺣ َﻀﺮ ُﺕ‬ 2nd person masculine singular
‫ﺃﺣ َﻀﺮ َﺕ‬ 2nd person feminine singular
‫ﺃﺣ َﻀﺮ ِﺕ‬ 3rd person masculine singular
َ ‫ﺃﺣ َﻀﺮ‬ 3rd person feminine singular
‫ﺃﺣ َﻀ َﺮﺕ‬ 2nd person dual
‫ﺃﺣ َﻀﺮﺗـُﻤﺎ‬ 3rd person masculine dual
3rd person feminine dual
‫ﺃﺣ َﻀﺮﺍ‬ 1st person plural
‫ﺃﺣ َﻀ َﺮﺗﺎ‬ 2nd person masculine plural
‫ﺃﺣ َﻀﺮﻧﺎ‬ 2nd person feminine plural
‫ﺃﺣ َﻀﺮﺗـُﻢ‬ 3rd person masculine plural
‫ﺃﺣ َﻀﺮﺗـُ ﱠﻦ‬ 3rd person feminine plural
‫ﺃﺣ َﻀﺮﻭﺍ‬
‫ﺃﺣ َﻀﺮ َﻥ‬

Unit 37: Answers to Exercise 2

Conjugate the perfect Form IV verb ‫ ﺃﺧﺒَﺮ‬for all possible 13 subjects. Write

down all 13 possibilities in the blank spaces below. See Conjugating the perfect
if necessary.

Form III Perfect (‫)ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ‬ Meaning
afcal ‫ﺃﺧﺒَﺮ‬
to inform (someone about (‫)ﻋﻦ‬
‫ﺃﺧﺒَﺮ ُﺕ‬
‫ﺃﺧﺒَﺮ َﺕ‬ something)
‫ﺃﺧﺒَﺮ ِﺕ‬ 1st person singular
َ ‫ﺃﺧﺒَﺮ‬ 2nd person masculine singular
‫ﺃﺧﺒَ َﺮﺕ‬ 2nd person feminine singular
‫ﺃﺧﺒَﺮﺗـُﻤﺎ‬ 3rd person masculine singular
3rd person feminine singular
340 2nd person dual

‫ﺃﺧﺒَﺮ‬ 3rd person masculine dual Unit 37:
3rd person feminine dual The perfect,
‫ﺃﺧﺒَ َﺮﺗﺎ‬ 1st person plural Form IV
2nd person masculine plural
‫ﺃﺧﺒَﺮﻧﺎ‬ 2nd person feminine plural ‫ﺃَﻓﻌـَﻞ‬
3rd person masculine plural
‫ﺃﺧﺒَﺮﺗـُﻢ‬ 3rd person feminine plural
‫ﺃﺧﺒَﺮﺗـُ ﱠﻦ‬
‫ﺃﺧﺒَﺮﻭﺍ‬

‫ﺃﺧﺒَﺮ َﻥ‬

Unit 37: Answers to Exercise 3

Conjugate the perfect Form IV verb ‫ ﺃﺟﺒَﺮ‬for all possible 13 subjects. Write

down all 13 possibilities in the blank spaces below. See Conjugating the perfect
if necessary.

Form III Perfect (‫)ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ‬ Meaning

afcal ‫ﺃﺟﺒَﺮ‬ to force (someone into (‫)ﻋﻠﻰ‬

‫ﺃﺟﺒَﺮ ُﺕ‬ doing something)
‫ﺃﺟﺒَﺮ َﺕ‬ 1st person singular
‫ﺃﺟﺒَﺮ ِﺕ‬ 2nd person masculine singular
َ ‫ﺃﺟﺒَﺮ‬ 2nd person feminine singular
‫ﺃﺟﺒَ َﺮﺕ‬ 3rd person masculine singular
‫ﺃﺟﺒَﺮﺗـُﻤﺎ‬ 3rd person feminine singular
2nd person dual
‫ﺃﺟﺒَﺮﺍ‬ 3rd person masculine dual
‫ﺃﺟﺒَ َﺮﺗﺎ‬ 3rd person feminine dual
‫ﺃﺟﺒَﺮﻧﺎ‬ 1st person plural
‫ﺃﺟﺒَﺮﺗـُﻢ‬ 2nd person masculine plural
‫ﺃﺟﺒَﺮﺗـُ ﱠﻦ‬ 2nd person feminine plural
‫ﺃﺟﺒَﺮﻭﺍ‬ 3rd person masculine plural
‫ﺃﺟﺒَﺮ َﻥ‬ 3rd person feminine plural

341

Workbook Unit 38: The perfect, Form V ‫ﺗَﻔَ ّﻌ َﻞ‬
and Answers

Unit 38: Answers to Exercise 1

Conjugate the perfect Form V by adding the appropriate subject markers. Use
the following root radicals to conjugate Form V in the perfect for all 13 possibili-
ties. Write the answers in the blank spaces below.

‫ ﺝ‬for the first radical,
‫ ﻡ‬for the second, and
‫ ﻉ‬for the third.

‫ﺗَ َﺠ ﱠﻤﻌ ُﺖ‬ 1st person singular
‫ﺗَ َﺠ ﱠﻤﻌ َﺖ‬ 2nd person masculine singular
‫ﺗَ َﺠ ﱠﻤﻌ ِﺖ‬ 2nd person feminine singular
َ ‫ﺗَ َﺠ ﱠﻤﻊ‬ 3rd person masculine singular
‫ﺗَ َﺠ ﱠﻤ َﻌﺖ‬ 3rd person feminine singular
‫ﺗَ َﺠ ﱠﻤﻌﺘـُﻤﺎ‬ 2nd person dual
‫ﺗَ َﺠ ﱠﻤﻌﺎ‬ 3rd person masculine dual
‫ﺗَ َﺠ ﱠﻤﻌﺘﺎ‬ 3rd person feminine dual
‫ﺗَ َﺠ ﱠﻤﻌﻨﺎ‬ 1st person plural
‫ﺗَ َﺠ ﱠﻤﻌﺘـُﻢ‬ 2nd person masculine plural
َّ‫ﺗَ َﺠ ﱠﻤﻌﺘـُﻦ‬ 2nd person feminine plural
‫ﺗَ َﺠ ﱠﻤﻌﻮﺍ‬ 3rd person masculine plural
‫ﺗَ َﺠ ﱠﻤﻌﻨﺎ‬ 3rd person feminine plural

Unit 39: The perfect, Form VI ‫ﺗَﻔﺎ َﻋ َﻞ‬

Unit 39: Answers to Exercise 1

Conjugate the perfect Form VI by adding the appropriate subject markers. Write
the answers in the blank spaces below. Use the following root radicals to conju-
gate Form VI in the perfect for all 13 possibilities:

‫ ﺱ‬for the first radical,
‫ ﻝ‬for the second, and
342 ‫ ﻡ‬for the third.

‫ﺗَﺴﺎﻟـَﻤ ُﺖ‬ 1st person singular Unit 40:
‫ﺗَﺴﺎﻟـَﻤ َﺖ‬ 2nd person masculine singular
‫ﺗَﺴﺎﻟـَﻤ ِﺖ‬ 2nd person feminine singular The perfect,
3rd person masculine singular
َ ‫ﺗَﺴﺎﻟـَ َﻢ‬ 3rd person feminine singular Form VII
‫ﺗَﺴﺎﻟـ َﻤﺖ‬ 2nd person dual
‫ﺗَﺴﺎﻟـَ ْﻤﺘـُﻤﺎ‬ 3rd person masculine dual ‫ﺍِﻧﻔَ َﻌ َﻞ‬
‫ﺗَﺴﺎﻟـَـ َﻤﺎ‬ 3rd person feminine dual
‫ﺗَﺴﺎﻟـَ َﻤﺘﺎ‬ 1st person plural
‫ﺗَﺴﺎﻟَـ ْﻤﻨﺎ‬ 2nd person masculine plural
2nd person feminine plural
‫ﺗَﺴﺎﻟـَﻤﺘـُﻢ‬ 3rd person masculine plural
‫ﺗَﺴﺎﻟـَﻤﺘـُ ﱠﻦ‬ 3rd person feminine plural
‫ﺗَﺴﺎﻟـَﻤﻮﺍ‬
‫ﺗَﺴﺎﻟـَﻤﻨﺎ‬

Unit 40: The perfect, Form VII ‫ﺍِﻧﻔَ َﻌ َﻞ‬

Unit 40: Answers to Exercise 1
Conjugate the perfect Form VII by adding the appropriate subject markers. Use
the following root radicals to conjugate Form VII in the perfect for all 13 pos-
sibilities. Write the answers in the blank spaces below.

‫ ﺡ‬for the first radical,
‫ ﺭ‬for the second, and
‫ ﻑ‬for the third.

‫ﺍِﻧـ َﺤـ َﺮﻓـ ُﺖ‬ 1st person singular 343
‫ﺍِﻧـ َﺤـ َﺮﻓــ َﺖ‬ 2nd person masculine singular
‫ﺍِﻧـ َﺤـ َﺮﻓــ ِﺖ‬ 2nd person feminine singular
3rd person masculine singular
‫ﺍِﻧـ َﺤـ َﺮ َﻑ‬ 3rd person feminine singular
‫ﺍِﻧـ َﺤـ َﺮﻓَـﺖ‬ 2nd person dual
‫ﺍِﻧـ َﺤـ َﺮﻓﺘـُﻤـﺎ‬

Workbook ‫ﺍِﻧـ َﺤـ َﺮﻓـﺎ‬ 3rd person masculine dual
and Answers 3rd person feminine dual
‫ﺍِﻧـ َﺤـ َﺮﻓـَﺘـﺎ‬ 1st person plural
‫ﺍِﻧـ َﺤ َﺮﻓـﻨـﺎ‬ 2nd person masculine plural
2nd person feminine plural
‫ﺍِﻧـ َﺤ َﺮﻓـﺘـُﻢ‬ 3rd person masculine plural
‫ﺍِﻧـ َﺤ َﺮﻓـﺘــُ ﱠﻦ‬ 3rd person feminine plural
‫ﺍِﻧـ َﺤـ َﺮﻓـﻮﺍ‬

‫ﺍِﻧـ َﺤـ َﺮﻓـ َﻦ‬

Unit 40: Answers to Exercise 2

Conjugate the perfect Form VII by adding the appropriate subject markers. Write
the answers in the blank spaces below. Use the following root radicals to conju-
gate Form VII in the perfect for all 13 possibilities:

‫ ﻉ‬for the first radical,
‫ ﻙ‬for the second, and
‫ ﺱ‬for the third.

‫ﺍِﻧـ َﻌـ َﻜـﺴــ ُﺖ‬ 1st person singular
‫ﺍِﻧـ َﻌـ َﻜـﺴــ َﺖ‬ 2nd person masculine singular
‫ﺍِﻧـ َﻌـ َﻜـﺴـ ِﺖ‬ 2nd person feminine singular
3rd person masculine singular
‫ﺍِﻧـ َﻌـ َﻜـ َﺲ‬ 3rd person feminine singular
‫ﺍِﻧـ َﻌـ َﻜـ َﺴـﺖ‬ 2nd person dual
‫ﺍِﻧـ َﻌـ َﻜـﺴـﺘـُﻤـﺎ‬ 3rd person masculine dual
‫ﺍِﻧـ َﻌـ َﻜـﺴـﺎ‬ 3rd person feminine dual
‫ﺍِﻧـ َﻌـ َﻜـ َﺴـﺘـﺎ‬ 1st person plural
‫ﺍِﻧـ َﻌـ َﻜـﺴـﻨـﺎ‬ 2nd person masculine plural
‫ﺍِﻧـ َﻌـ َﻜـﺴـﺘــُﻢ‬ 2nd person feminine plural
‫ﺍِﻧـ َﻌـ َﻜﺴـﺘـُـ ﱠﻦ‬ 3rd person masculine plural
‫ﺍِﻧـ َﻌـ َﻜـﺴـﻮﺍ‬ 3rd person feminine plural
‫ﺍِﻧـ َﻌـ َﻜـﺴـ َﻦ‬

344

Unit 41: The perfect, Form VIII ‫ﺍِﻓﺘَ َﻌ َﻞ‬ Unit 41:
The perfect,
Unit 41: Answers to Exercise 1 Form VIII

Conjugate the perfect Form VIII by adding the appropriate subject markers. ‫ﺍِﻓﺘَ َﻌ َﻞ‬
Write the answers in the blank spaces below. Use the following root radicals to
conjugate Form VIII in the perfect for all 13 possibilities:

‫ ﻕ‬for the first radical,
‫ ﻥ‬for the second, and
‫ ﻉ‬for the third.

‫ﺍِﻗﺘَﻨَﻌـ ُﺖ‬ 1st person singular
‫ﺍِﻗﺘَﻨَﻌـ َﺖ‬ 2nd person masculine singular
2nd person feminine singular
‫ﺍِﻗﺘَﻨَﻌـ ِﺖ‬ 3rd person masculine singular
‫ﺍِﻗﺘَﻨَ َﻊ‬ 3rd person feminine singular
2nd person dual
‫ﺍِﻗﺘَﻨَ َﻌــﺖ‬ 3rd person masculine dual
3rd person feminine dual
‫ﺍِﻗﺘَﻨَﻌـﺘـُﻤـﺎ‬ 1st person plural
‫ﺍِﻗﺘَﻨَﻌــﺎ‬ 2nd person masculine plural
2nd person feminine plural
‫ﺍِﻗﺘَﻨَ َﻌــﺘﺎ‬ 3rd person masculine plural
3rd person feminine plural
‫ﺍِﻗﺘَﻨَﻌــﻨﺎ‬

‫ﺍِﻗﺘَﻨَﻌــﺘـُﻢ‬
‫ﺍِﻗﺘَﻨَﻌــﺘـُ ﱠﻦ‬
‫ﺍِﻗﺘَﻨَﻌــﻮﺍ‬

‫ﺍِﻗﺘَﻨَﻌــ َﻦ‬

Unit 41: Answers to Exercise 2

Conjugate the perfect Form VIII by adding the appropriate subject markers.
Write the answers in the blank spaces below. Use the following root radicals to
conjugate Form VIII in the perfect for all 13 possibilities:

‫ ﺯ‬for the first radical,
‫ ﺡ‬for the second, and
‫ ﻡ‬for the third.

345

Workbook ‫ﺍﺯ َﺩ َﺣـﻤــ ُﺖ‬ 1st person singular
and Answers ‫ﺍِﺯ َﺩ َﺣـﻤــ َﺖ‬ 2nd person masculine singular
2nd person feminine singular
‫ﺍﺯ َﺩ َﺣـﻤــ ِﺖ‬ 3rd person masculine singular
‫ﺍﺯ َﺩ َﺣـ َﻢ‬ 3rd person feminine singular
2nd person dual
‫ﺍﺯ َﺩ َﺣـ َﻤــﺖ‬ 3rd person masculine dual
‫ﺍﺯ َﺩ َﺣـﻤــﺘــُﻤـﺎ‬ 3rd person feminine dual
1st person plural
‫ﺍﺯ َﺩ َﺣـ َﻤــﺎ‬ 2nd person masculine plural
‫ﺍﺯ َﺩ َﺣـ َﻤــﺘـﺎ‬ 2nd person feminine plural
‫ﺍﺯ َﺩ َﺣـﻤــﻨــﺎ‬ 3rd person masculine plural
3rd person feminine plural
‫ﺍﺯ َﺩ َﺣـﻤــﺘــُﻢ‬
‫ﺍﺯ َﺩ َﺣـﻤــﺘـُـ ﱠﻦ‬

‫ﺍﺯ َﺩ َﺣـﻤــﻮﺍ‬

‫ﺍﺯ َﺩ َﺣﻤــ َﻦ‬

Unit 41: Answers to Exercise 3

Conjugate the perfect Form VIII by adding the appropriate subject markers.
Write the answers in the blank spaces below. Use the following root radicals to
conjugate Form VIII in the perfect for all 13 possibilities:

‫ ﺹ‬for the first radical,
‫ ﺩ‬for the second, and
‫ ﻡ‬for the third.

‫ﺍِﺻ َﻄ َﺪﻣــ ُﺖ‬ 1st person singular

‫ﺍِﺻ َﻄ َﺪﻣـ َﺖ‬ 2nd person masculine singular

‫ﺍِﺻﻄَ َﺪﻣــ ِﺖ‬ 2nd person feminine singular

‫ﺍِﺻ َﻄ َﺪ َﻡ‬ 3rd person masculine singular

‫ﺍِﺻ َﻄ َﺪ َﻣــﺖ‬ 3rd person feminine singular

‫ﺍِﺻـﻄَـ َﺪﻣــﺘــُﻤـﺎ‬ 2nd person dual

‫ﺍِﺻ َﻄ َﺪ َﻣــﺎ‬ 3rd person masculine dual

‫ﺍِﺻﻄَ َﺪ َﻣــﺘـﺎ‬ 3rd person feminine dual

346 ‫ﺍﺍِﺻﻄَ َﺪﻣــﻨــﺎ‬ 1st person plural

‫ﺍِﺻﻄَ َﺪﻣــﺘــُﻢ‬ 2nd person masculine plural Unit 43:
‫ﺍِﺻﻄَ َﺪﻣــﺘـُـ ﱠﻦ‬ 2nd person feminine plural The perfect,
‫ﺍِﺻـ َﻄـ َﺪﻣــﻮﺍ‬ 3rd person masculine plural Form X
3rd person feminine plural
‫ﺍِﺻ َﻄ َﺪﻣــ َﻦ‬ ‫ﺍِﺳـﺘَـﻔـ َﻌـ َﻞ‬

Unit 42: The perfect, Form IX ‫ﺍِﻓ َﻌ ّﻞ‬

Unit 42: Answers to Exercise 1

Find the perfect Form IX verb for the following three roots. Write down the
verbs in the blanks spaces below.

The root ‫ﺍﻷﺻﻞ‬ The perfect ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ‬
a)  ‫ﺥ ﺽ ﺭ‬
b)    ‫ﺯ ﺭ ﻕ‬ ‫ﺍِﺧ َﻀ ﱠﺮ‬
c) ‫ﺹ ﻑ ﺭ‬ ‫ﺍِﺯ َﺭ ﱠﻕ‬
‫ﺍِﺻﻔَ ﱠﺮ‬

Unit 43: The perfect, Form X ‫ﺍِﺳـﺘَـﻔـ َﻌـ َﻞ‬

Unit 43: Answers to Exercise 1

Conjugate the perfect Form X by adding the appropriate subject markers. Use
the following root radicals to conjugate Form X in the perfect:

‫ ﺥ‬for the first radical, 1st person singular 347
‫ ﺩ‬for the second, and 2nd person masculine singular
‫ ﻡ‬for the third. 2nd person feminine singular
3rd person masculine singular
‫ﺍِﺳﺘـَﺨ َﺪﻣ ُﺖ‬ 3rd person feminine singular
‫ﺍِﺳﺘـَﺨ َﺪﻣ َﺖ‬ 2nd person dual
‫ﺍِﺳﺘـَﺨ َﺪﻣ ِﺖ‬ 3rd person masculine dual
3rd person feminine dual
‫ﺍِﺳﺘـَﺨ َﺪﻡ‬
‫ﺍِﺳﺘَﺨ َﺪ َﻣﺖ‬
‫ﺍِﺳﺘـَﺨ َﺪﻣﺘـُﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺍِﺳﺘـَﺨ َﺪﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺍِﺳﺘـَﺨ َﺪﻣـَﺘﺎ‬

Workbook ‫ﺍِﺳﺘـَﺨ َﺪﻣﻨﺎ‬ 1st person plural
and Answers ‫ﺍِﺳﺘـَﺨ َﺪﻣﺘـُﻢ‬ 2nd person masculine plural
‫ﺍِﺳﺘـَﺨ َﺪﻣﺘـُ ﱠﻦ‬ 2nd person feminine plural
‫ﺍِﺳﺘـَﺨ َﺪﻣﻮﺍ‬ 3rd person masculine plural
‫ﺍِﺳﺘـَﺨ َﺪﻣ َﻦ‬ 3rd person feminine plural

Unit 43: Answers to Exercise 2

Conjugate the perfect Form X by adding the appropriate subject markers. Use
the following root radicals to conjugate Form X in the perfect. Write down all 13
possibilities in the blank spaces below.

‫ ﺙ‬for the first radical,
‫ ﻡ‬for the second, and
‫ ﺭ‬for the third.

‫ﺍِﺳﺘـَﺜ َﻤﺮ ُﺕ‬ 1st person singular
‫ﺍِﺳﺘـَـَﺜ َﻤﺮ َﺕ‬ 2nd person masculine singular
‫ﺍِﺳﺘـَـﺜ َﻤﺮ ِﺕ‬ 2nd person feminine singular
3rd person masculine singular
‫ﺍِﺳﺘـَـﺜ َﻤ َﺮ‬ 3rd person feminine singular
‫ﺍِﺳـﺘــَﺜــ َﻤـﺮﺕ‬ 2nd person dual
‫ﺍِﺳﺘــَﺜـ َﻤـﺮﺗـُﻤﺎ‬ 3rd person masculine dual
3rd person feminine dual
‫ﺍِﺳـﺘــَﺜـ َﻤـﺮﺍ‬ 1st person plural
‫ﺍِﺳـﺘـَـﺜـ َﻤـﺮﺗـﺎ‬ 2nd person masculine plural
2nd person feminine plural
‫ﺍِﺳﺘـَـﺜ َﻤﺮﻧﺎ‬ 3rd person masculine plural
‫ﺍِﺳﺘــَﺜــ َﻤـﺮﺗـُﻢ‬ 3rd person feminine plural
‫ﺍِﺳـﺘــَﺜــ َﻤـﺮﺗـُ ﱠﻦ‬
‫ﺍِﺳـﺘــَﺜــ َﻤـﺮﻭﺍ‬
‫ﺍِﺳــﺘــَﺜـ َﻤـﺮ َﻥ‬

348

Unit 44: Noun–verb paradigm chart Unit 44:
Noun–verb
Unit 44: Answers to Exercise 1 paradigm
chart
For Form I, find the perfect – ‫ – ﺍﻟـﻤﺎﺿﻲ‬and imperfect – ‫ – ﺍﻟـ ُﻤﻀﺎﺭﻉ‬of the

following six roots.

‫ﻑﺕﺡ‬ ‫ﻑﺭﺡ‬ Imperfect
‫ﻥﺹﺭ‬ ‫ﺽﺭﺏ‬
‫ﺡﺱﻥ‬ ‫ﺡﺱﺏ‬ ‫ﻳَ ْﻨ ُﺼﺮﺏ‬
‫ﻳَﻀ ِﺮﺏ‬
Root Perfect
‫ﻳَﻔﺘَﺢ‬
‫ﻥﺹﺭ‬ ‫ﻧَ َﺼﺮ‬ ‫ﻳَﻔ َﺮﺡ‬
‫ﺽﺭﺏ‬ ‫َﺿ َﺮﺏ‬ ‫ﻳَﺤ ُﺴﻦ‬
‫ﻑﺕﺡ‬ ‫ﻳَﺤ ِﺴﺐ‬
‫ﻓَﺘَﺢ‬
‫ﻑﺭﺡ‬ ‫ﻓَ ِﺮﺡ‬
‫ﺡﺱﻥ‬ ‫َﺣ ُﺴﻦ‬
‫ﺡﺱﺏ‬ ‫َﺣ ِﺴﺐ‬

Unit 44: Answers to Exercise 2

For Form I, find the gerund – ‫ – ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺪﺭ‬of the following 12 roots.

Root Form I Gerund

‫ﺥﻁﺭ‬ ‫ﻓَ َﻌﻞ‬ ‫َﺧﻄَﺮ‬
‫ﺩﺭﺱ‬ ‫ﻓَ ْﻌﻞ‬
‫ﻝﻍﺯ‬ ‫ﻓُ ْﻌﻞ‬ ‫َﺩﺭﺱ‬
‫ﺵﻉﺭ‬ ‫ﻟُﻐﺰ‬
‫ﺥﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﻓِ ْﻌﻞ‬
‫ﻓَﻌﺎﻝ‬ ‫ِﺷﻌﺮ‬
‫ﻥﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﻓَﻌﺎﻟَﺔ‬ ‫َﺧﺮﺍﺏ‬
‫ﻙﺕﺏ‬ ‫ﻓِﻌﺎﻟَﺔ‬ ‫ﻧَﺪﺍﻣﺔ‬
‫ﻁﻝﻉ‬ ‫ﻓُﻌﻮﻝ‬
‫ﺏﻁﻝ‬ ‫ﻓُﻌﻮﻟﺔ‬ ‫ِﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ‬
‫ﻁُﻠﻮﻉ‬

‫ﺑُﻄﻮﻟﺔ‬

349

‫‪Workbook‬‬ ‫ﻝﻕﻡ‬ ‫ﻓُﻌﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻟُﻘﻤﺔ‬
‫‪and Answers‬‬

‫ِﺧﺪﻣﺔ ﻓِﻌﻠﺔ ﺥ ﺩ ﻡ‬

‫َﻏﺴﻠﺔ ﻓَﻌﻠﺔ ﻍ ﺱ ﻝ‬

‫‪Unit 44: Answers to Exercise 3‬‬
‫‪Fill in the blanks.‬‬

‫‪Gerund‬‬ ‫‪Imperfect‬‬ ‫‪Perfect‬‬ ‫‪Form‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺪﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟ ُﻤﻀﺎﺭﻉ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺯﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺷﺘِﻬﺎﺭ ﺑـِ‬ ‫ﻳَﺸﺘَ ِﻬ ُﺮ ﺑـِ‬ ‫ﺍِﺷﺘَﻬَﺮ ﺑـِ‬
‫‪Form VIII‬‬
‫ﺍﻻﻫﺘِﻤﺎﻡ ﺑـِ‬ ‫ﻳَﻬﺘ ﱡﻢ ﺑـِ‬ ‫ﺍِﻫﺘَ ﱠﻢ ﺑـِ‬
‫ﺍِﻓﺘَ َﻌﻞ‬

‫‪Form VIII‬‬

‫ﺍِﻓﺘَ َﻌﻞ‬

‫‪Unit 44: Answers to Exercise 4‬‬

‫‪For Form IX, find the perfect and imperfect verbs, the gerund, and the active‬‬
‫‪participle of the following seven roots. As mentioned above, these roots cor-‬‬

‫‪.‬ﺃﻟﻮﺍﻥ ‪respond to colours‬‬

‫ﺥﺽﺭ‬ ‫ﺯﺭﻕ‬ ‫ﺹﻑﺭ‬
‫ﺡﻡﺭ‬ ‫ﺱﻡﺭ‬
‫ﺱﻭﺩ‬
‫ﺏﻱﺽ‬

‫‪The root‬‬ ‫‪The perfect‬‬ ‫‪The imperfect‬‬ ‫‪The gerund‬‬ ‫‪The active‬‬
‫‪participle‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﺻﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟ ُﻤﻀﺎ ِﺭﻉ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺪﺭ‬
‫ﺍﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﻔﺎ ِﻋﻞ‬
‫ﺡﻡﺭ‬ ‫ﺍِﺣ َﻤ ﱠﺮ‬ ‫ﻳَﺤ َﻤ ﱡﺮ‬ ‫ﺍِﺣ ِﻤﺮﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺥﺽﺭ‬ ‫ﺍِﺧ َﻀ ﱠﺮ‬ ‫ﻳَﺨ َﻀ ﱡﺮ‬ ‫ﺍِﺧ ِﻀﺮﺍﺭ‬ ‫ُﻣﺤ َﻤ ﱞﺮ‬
‫ﺍِﺯ َﺭ ﱠﻕ‬ ‫ﻳَﺰ َﺭ ﱡﻕ‬ ‫ُﻣﺨ َﻀ ﱞﺮ‬
‫ﺯﺭﻕ‬ ‫ﺍِﺻﻔَ ﱠﺮ‬ ‫ﻳَﺼﻔَ ﱡﺮ‬ ‫ُﺯﺭﻗَﺔ‬ ‫ُﻣﺰ َﺭ ﱞﻕ‬
‫ﺹﻑﺭ‬ ‫ُﺻﻔﺮﺓ‪/‬ﺍِﺻﻔِﺮﺍﺭ‬ ‫ُﻣﺼﻔَ ﱞﺮ‬
‫ﺍِﺳ َﻮ ﱠﺩ‬ ‫ﻳَﺴ َﻮ ﱡﺩ‬
‫ﺱﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﺍِﺑﻴَ ﱠﺾ‬ ‫ﻳَﺒﻴَ ﱡﺾ‬ ‫َﺳﻮﺍﺩ‬ ‫ُﻣﺴ َﻮ ﱞﺩ‬
‫ﺏﻱﺽ‬ ‫ﺍِﺳ َﻤ ﱠﺮ‬ ‫ﻳَﺴ َﻤ ﱡﺮ‬ ‫ﺑَﻴﺎﺽ‬ ‫ُﻣﺒﻴَ ﱞﺾ‬
‫ُﺳﻤﺮﺓ‬ ‫ُﻣﺴ َﻤ ﱞﺮ‬
‫ﺱﻡﺭ‬

‫‪350‬‬

Unit 48: Verb types (sound, hamzated, doubled, Unit 48: Verb
weak radicalled) types (sound,
hamzated,
Unit 48: Answers to Exercise 1 doubled,
weak
The following verb, ‫ﺃ َﺣ ّﺐ‬, is doubled (‫)ﻣﻀ ّﻌﻒ‬. Conjugate the perfect and im- radicalled)
perfect Form IV verb ‫ ﺃ َﺣ ّﺐ‬for the subjects identified in the table below. The first

answer is filled out as an example.

‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺰﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟـ ُﻤﻀﺎﺭﻉ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻓﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻤﻴﺮ‬

‫ﻟﻢ ﻳُ ِﺤ ﱠﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺼﻮﺏ‬ ‫ﻳُ ِﺤ ﱡﺐ‬ ‫ﺃ َﺣ ﱠﺐ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﻟﻢ ﻳُ ِﺤﺒّﻮﺍ‬ ‫ﻟﻦ ﻳُ ِﺤ ﱠﺐ‬ ‫ﻳُ ِﺤﺒّﻮ َﻥ‬ ‫ﺃ َﺣﺒّﻮﺍ‬ ‫ﻫُﻢ‬
‫ﻟﻢ ﺗُ ِﺤ ﱠﺐ‬ ‫ﻟﻦ ﻳُ ِﺤﺒّﻮﺍ‬ ‫ﺗُ ِﺤ ﱡﺐ‬ ‫ﺃ َﺣﺒﱠ ْﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬
‫ﻟﻢ ﺗُ ِﺤ ﱠﺐ‬ ‫ﻟﻦ ﺗُ ِﺤ ﱠﺐ‬ ‫ﺗُ ِﺤ ﱡﺐ‬ ‫ﺃﺣﺒَ ْﺒ َﺖ‬ ‫ﺃﻧ َﺖ‬
‫ﻟﻢ ﺗُ ِﺤﺒّﻮﺍ‬ ‫ﻟﻦ ﺗُ ِﺤ ﱠﺐ‬ ‫ﺗُ ِﺤﺒّﻮ َﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﺣﺒَ ْﺒﺘُﻢ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺘُﻢ‬
‫ﻟﻢ ﺗُ ِﺤﺒّﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻦ ﺗُ ِﺤﺒّﻮﺍ‬ ‫ﺗُﺤﺒّﻴ َﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﺣﺒَ ْﺒ ِﺖ‬ ‫ﺃﻧ ِﺖ‬
‫ﻟﻢ ﺃ ِﺣ ﱠﺐ‬ ‫ﻟﻦ ﺗُ ِﺤﺒّﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﺣﺒَ ْﺒ ُﺖ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫ﻟﻦ ﺃ ِﺣ ﱠﺐ‬ ‫ﺃ ِﺣ ﱡﺐ‬

Unit 48: Answers to Exercise 2

The following verb, ‫ﺃﻋﻄﻰ‬, is final weak radicalled (‫)ﻧﺎﻗﺺ‬. Conjugate the
perfect and imperfect Form IV verb ‫ ﺃﻋﻄﻰ‬for all possible 13 subjects.

‫ﺍﻟـ ُﻤﻀﺎﺭﻉ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻤﻴﺮ‬
‫ﻳُﻔ ِﻌﻞ‬
‫ﺃُﻋﻄﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﻓ َﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ‬
‫ﺗُﻌﻄﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﻋ َﻄ ْﻴ ُﺖ‬ ‫ﺃﻧ َﺖ‬
‫ﺃﻋﻄَ ْﻴ َﺖ‬ ‫ﺃﻧ ِﺖ‬
‫ﺗُﻌﻄﻴ َﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﻄَ ْﻴ ِﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﺃﻋ َﻄﻰ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬
‫ﻳُﻌﻄﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﻄَﺖ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺘُﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺗُﻌﻄﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﻄَ ْﻴﺘُﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺗُﻌﻄﻴﺎ ِﻥ‬

351

Workbook ‫ﻳُﻌ ِﻄﻴﺎ ِﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﻄَﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻫُﻤﺎ‬
and Answers ‫ﺗُﻌﻄﻴﺎ ِﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﻄَﺘﺎ‬ ‫ﻫُﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻧُﻌﻄﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﻄَ ْﻴﻨﺎ‬
‫ﺗُﻌﻄﻮ َﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﻄَ ْﻴﺘُﻢ‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻦ‬
‫ﺗُﻌﻄﻴ َﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﻄَﻴﺘُ ﱠﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺘُﻢ‬
‫ﺃﻋﻄَ ْﻮﺍ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺘُ ﱠﻦ‬
‫ﻳُﻌﻄﻮ َﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﻄَ ْﻴ َﻦ‬ ‫ﻫُﻢ‬
‫ﻫُ ﱠﻦ‬
‫ﻳُﻌﻄﻴ َﻦ‬

Unit 50: The passive voice

Unit 50: Answers to Exercise 1
Change the following from the active to the passive voice. Write the new sen-
tences in the blank spaces below.

Reminder: when doing passive transformations remember the following:

• the subject of the original sentence is deleted
• the direct object becomes the new subject
• the verb in the passive agrees with the new subject

The following are the passives of the three verbs: ‫ ُﺳ ﱢﺠﻞ‬،‫ ُﻛﺘِﺐ‬،‫ﺗُ ِﺮﻙ‬.

1 The father left the keys in the room on the table.

‫ﺗَ َﺮ َﻙ ﺍﻷ ُﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺎﺗﻴﺢ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟ ُﻐﺮﻓ ِﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻭﻟﺔ‬
‫ﺗُ ِﺮ َﻛﺖ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺎﺗﻴ ُﺢ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟ ُﻐﺮﻓ ِﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻭﻟﺔ‬

2 I wrote the report yesterday.

‫َﻛﺘَﺒَ ُﺖ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳ َﺮ ﺃﻣﺲ‬
‫ُﻛﺘِ َﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳ ُﺮ ﺃﻣﺲ‬

3 The team scored a goal in the fifth minute of the match/game.

‫ﺳ ﱠﺠ َﻞ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻳﻖ ﻫﺪﻓﺎً ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺪﻗﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﻣﺴﺔ ِﻣﻦ ﺍﻟـ ُﻤﺒﺎﺭﺍﺓ‬
‫ُﺳ ﱢﺠ َﻞ ﻫﺪ ٌﻑ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺪﻗﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﻣﺴﺔ ِﻣﻦ ﺍﻟـ ُﻤﺒﺎﺭﺍﺓ‬

352

Unit 51: Inflecting the verb for the passive voice Unit 51:
Inflecting
Unit 51: Answers to Exercise 1 the verb for
Change the following sentences from the active to the passive voice. Write the the passive
new sentences in the blank spaces below. voice

a) We heard a knock at the door.

‫َﺳ ِﻤﻌﻨﺎ ﻁَﺮﻗﺎً ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ‬
‫ُﺳ ِﻤﻊ ﻁَﺮ ٌﻕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ‬

b) The storm destroyed many houses and uprooted trees on the coast.

‫َﺣﻄﱠ َﻤﺖ ﺍﻟﻌﺎ ِﺻﻔﺔُ ﺑﻴﻮﺗﺎً ﻛﺜﻴﺮﺓً ﻭﺍِﻗﺘَﻠَ َﻌﺖ ﺃﺷﺠﺎﺭﺍً ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﺎ ِﺣﻞ‬
‫ُﺣ ﱢﻄ َﻤﺖ ﺑﻴﻮ ٌﺕ ﻛﺜﻴﺮﺓً ﻭﺍِﻗﺘَﻠَ َﻌﺖ ﺃﺷﺠﺎﺭﺍً ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﺎ ِﺣﻞ‬

c) The inpector checked the cargo on the ship before it was unloaded.

‫ﻋﺎﻳَ َﻦ ﺍﻟـ ُﻤـﻔَﺘﱢ ُﺶ ﺍﻟﺒﻀﺎﻋﺔَ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻴﻨﺔ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺗﻨﺰﻳﻠﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻋﻮﻳِﻨَﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻀﺎﻋﺔُ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻴﻨﺔ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺗﻨﺰﻳﻠﻬﺎ‬

353

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INDEX

’idafa phrases agreement 355
and adjectives, see ’idafa-adjective of adjectives with dual nouns, 127–132
phrases of adjectives with human vs nonhuman
in comparison to English, 145–149 nouns, 121, 136–140
meanings generated from, 143–144 of adjectives with nouns, 120–140
morphology of, 141–142 of adjectives with plural nouns, 132–136
rules of, 142 of adjectives with singular nouns,
syntax of, 141, 144–145 122–127
types of, 141 and case, 120–121
word order in, see ’idafa phrases, and gender, 134–140
syntax of grammatical categories contributing
to, 27
’idafa-adjective phrases verb-subject, 245
agreement in, 159 gender, 245
definite article in, 159 number, 245
word order in, 159 word order, 245
see also noun-adjective phrases
adjectival noun, 62
adverbials case marking, 39, 48–60
by diacritics, 50–51
and case, 171 by letters
as first term of an ’idafa, 172–180 accusative case, 52
and subordinating conjunctions, genitive case, 52
nominative case, 51
171, 173 overview, 57–58

‫ ِﻋﻨ َﺪ‬, 167–169 case names
‫ﺑَﻌ َﺪ‬, 169–171 accusative, 44
‫ﻗَﺒ َﻞ‬, 171–173 genitive, 44
‫ﺃﻣﺎ َﻡ‬, 173–174 nominative, 44
‫ َﻭﺭﺍ َء‬, 174–180
‫ﻓَﻮ َﻕ‬,175 charts, noun-verb paradigm, 240–242
‫ﺗَﺤ َﺖ‬, 176 colours, 209
‫ﻗُﺮ َﺏ‬, 176 computational linguistics, 3
‫ﺟﺎﻧِ َﺐ‬, 176 copula, absence of, 3
‫ َﻭﻗ َﺖ‬, 177 counting, see numbers and counting
َ‫ﺳﺎﻋﺔ‬, 177
definite articles
adverbs, marked by accusative case, 250 and the ’idafa, 161
and the ’idafa-adjective phrase, 159

Index effect on word count, 3 indefiniteness
with nouns and adjectives, 161 rules of, 104
356 definiteness, 103–105 see also definiteness
rule of, 104
see also indefiniteness inter-digitization, see plurals, broken, 93
demonstratives, 37, 74–88
with dual human nouns, 75–76 letters, 8–11
with dual non-human nouns, 85–87 shape of, 10–11
with plural human nouns, 77–78,
mood, 203–205
77–81, 78–81 mood markers
with plural non-human, 87–88
with singular human nouns, 74 imperfect verbs, 203–206
with singular non-human, 82–85 see also diacritics, marking mood
diacritics mood markings, see diacritics, marking
definition, 8
first term of an ’idafa, 22–23 mood
marking case, 21–22, 48–51 mood names, imperfect verbs, 205
morphology, 6
definiteness/indefiniteness, 22
marking mood, 23–24 negation
dictionaries, Arabic, 241 nominal sentences, 190
past tense sentences, 190
Form I, 214 present tense sentences, 190
Form II, 218
Form III, 220 noun types, 283–304
Form IV, 223 noun-adjective phrases, 120–121
Form V, 227
Form VI, 229 agreement, 120–121, 122–140
Form VII, 231 word order, 120
Form VIII, 233 nouns
Form IX, 237 dual human, 75–78
Form X, 238 human vs non-human, 89–106

gender agreement of adjectives with, 121,
human nouns, 68–89 136–140
non-human nouns, 68
and nouns demonstratives, 37, 81, 82–88
feminine dual, 99–101 plural human, 78–81
feminine plural, 100–101 singular human, 71–75
feminine singular, 98–101 number
masculine dual, 75–76 human nouns, 69–70
masculine plural, 78–79 non-human nouns, 69–70
masculine singular, 98 numbers and counting, 107–108

genitive case, 44 passive vocalization
second term in an ’idafa is in the, 143 imperfect tense, 256–257
perfect tense, 254–255
gerund, 65–66
grammatical categories, 4–5 passive voice, 251–253
steps in transformation of, 252–253
hamza, as character in the alphabet, 7
have, to, 178–184 phonology, 8
plurals
‫ ِﻋﻨ َﺪ‬, 179–181
‫ ِﻝ‬, 181 broken, 93, 98, 101
‫ َﻣﻊ‬, 181 sound, 96–97, 102–103, 133, 136,
‫ﻓﻲ‬, 181
138–139
prepositions, 158–166

pronominal suffixation, 29, 158
and verbs, 158

‫ﻓﻲ‬, 158–160
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬, 160–161

‫ ِﻣﻦ‬, 161–162 substantive nouns, 63–64 Index
‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬, 162–163 syntactic functions, 3
ِ‫ﺑـ‬, 163–164 357
‫ﻝ‬, 165 case markings, 6, 23, 57–58, 60, 101–103
pro‫ﻊ‬n‫َﻣ‬o,m1i6n5a–l1s6u6ffixation, 2, 29–32, 34–35, case names, 60
object of a verb, 40
158 object of preposition, 40
pronouns, 29–33 subject of verb, 40

freestanding, 32–35 tashkeel, see diacritics
suffixed, see pronominal suffixation tense
pronouns, effect on word count, 3
possessive and time, 243
pronouns, 30 types of, 192
pronouns suffix, 34–35 time
see the ’idafa phrase, 143 and participles, 243
and tense, 243
questions
how many, 191 verb forms, 208
what, 185 triliteral, 193–194
where, 186
who, 186 verb patterns
yes-no, 185 quadriliteral root, 193
triliteral root, 193
‫ﻫَﻞ‬, 185
‫ﻣﺎ‬, 185 verbs
‫ﻣﺎﺫﺍ‬,185 ‘Hamzated,’ 247
‫ﻛﻴﻒ‬, 185 imperfect tense
‫ﺃﻱ‬, 186 and future time, 243
‫ َﻣﻦ‬,186 and present time, 243
‫ﺃﻳ َﻦ‬,186 imperfect verb
‫ِ ََﻜﻛﻢﻢ‬,‫ﺑ‬,118876 mood, 203–26
plural, 199
relative adjectives, 62–63 singular, 199–202
subject markers
sentence, 109–119 dual, 200
constituents of, 109 and mood, 194
nominal, 115–119 neutral “it,” 193
verbal, 109–115 object suffix, 246
perfect tense
sound, 93, 101 and future time, 243
stem, 204 and past time, 243
subject markers, 2 perfect verb
subject markers
effect on word count, 3 gender, 196–197
imperfect verbs, 199 plural, 196–197
singular, 195
dual, 200 and syllabic structure rules, 247
plural, 201–202 with two objects, 246
singular, 199–200 voice: active and passive, 193
perfect verbs, 195 weak radicalled, 247, 248
dual, 196
plural, 196–197 voice: active and passive, 193
singular, 199
white space in written language, 1, 3, 8, 10
word boundaries, 1–3
word count, 3
writing system, 7