redemption-manual-4-5-edition

The deg ree, q u a ntity, natu re, a n d extent of interest wh ich a person has i n rea l
p roperty is u s u a l ly refe rred to as a n estate, a n d it va ries fro m a bsol ute owners h i p
down to naked possession .
I n a n other sense, " estate " desig n ates the p roperty ( real o r person a l ) i n wh ich one
has a right o r i nterest ; the s u bject- matter of ownersh i p ; the corpus of property .
Th u s we spea k of a "va l u a b l e estate , " " a l l my estate , " "sepa rate estate, " "trust
estate , " etc . Th is, a lso, is its mea n i n g i n the classification of property i nto " rea l
estate " a n d " pe rso n a l estate . "

Examen :

L. Lat.
A tria l .
The balance of a n account.

Examination :

An i n vestig atio n ; sea rch ; i nterrog ati n g .

C ri m i n a l Pra ctice

An i nvestigation by a m a g i strate of a person who has been c h a rged with cri me

and a rrested, or of the facts and c i rc u m sta n ces wh ich a re a l leged to have atte n d ed

the cri m e a n d to fasten suspicion u pon th e pa rty so cha rged, i n o rder to ascerta i n

whethe r there is sufficient g ro u n d s t o h o l d h i m to ba i l fo r h i s tri a l b y t h e p roper

cou rt .

The pre l i m i n a ry heari n g t o d ete rm i n e whether person ch a rged w i t h h a v i n g

com m itted a cri me s h o u l d be h e l d for tria l .

Tri a l Pra ctice - The exa m i nation of a witness co nsists of the series of q u estions put

to him by a pa rty to the a cti o n , o r h i s cou n sel , fo r the p u rpose of bri n g i n g befo re

the cou rt a nd j u ry the legal form the knowledge wh ich the witn ess has of the facts

a n d matters i n d ispute, or of p ro b i n g a n d sifting h is evid ence p reviously g iven .

Of a long account. Th is p h rase does n ot mea n exa m i nation of the a ccou nt to

ascerta i n the resu lt o r effect of it, but p roof by testi mony of co rrectness of ite ms

composing it.

Of ba n kru pt . Th is is the i nterrogation of a b a n kru pt, i n the co u rse of p roceed i n g s in

ban kru ptcy, or prior to the adj u d ication, concern i n g the conduct of h is business, the

cau se of his ban kru ptcy, h is dea l i n g s w ith his cred itors and other persons, the

a m o u nt, k i n d , and wherea bouts of his p roperty, and a l l matters which may affect

the a d m i n istration a n d settlement of h i s estate . Th is is a uthorized Ba n kru ptcy Act,

Section 7, 30 Stat. 548, 1 1 U . S . C .A. Section 25 . ( Black's 4th )

Examination :

p ractice . The i nterrogation of a w itness, i n o rder to ascerta i n h i s knowledge a s to
the facts i n d ispute betwee n pa rties . When the exa m i nation is made by the p a rty
who ca l led the witness, it is ca l led a n exa m i nation i n ch ief. W h e n it is made by the
othe r pa rty, it is known by the name of cross-exa m i natio n . ( q . v . )

2 . The exa m i nation i s to b e made i n open co u rt, when practica b l e ; b u t w h e n , o n
acco u nt of age, Sickness, or other cause, the witness cannot b e s o exa m i ned, then
it may be made befo re a uthorized com m issioners . I n the exa m i nation i n c h i ef the

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cou n sel ca n n ot ask lead i n g q uestions, except i n particu l a r cases . Vide Cross­
exa m i nation ; Lead ing q uestion .

3 . The laws of the seve ra l states req u i re the private exa m i nation of a fem e
cove rt befo re a co m petent office r, i n order t o pass her title to her o w n rea l estate
or the i n terest she has in that of her h usba n d : as to the mode in wh ich th is is to be
done, see Acknowledgment. See, also, 3 Call, R. 394; 5 Mason's R. 59 ; 1 Hill, R.
1 1 0 ; 4 Lei g h , R. 498 ; 2 G i l l & Joh n . 1; 3 Ra nd . R. 468 1 Monr. R. 49 ; 3 M o n r. R.
397 ; 1 Edw . R. 572 ; 3 Yerg . R. 548 1 Yerg . R. 413 3 J. J. M a rsh . R. 24 1 2 A . K .
M a rsh . R. 67 ; 6 Wen d . R. 9 ; 1 Dal l . 1 1 , 1 7 ; 3 Yeates, R. 47 1 ; 8 S . & R . 299 ; 4 S . &
R. 273 . (Bouvier's 1856 6th Ed . )

Exchange :

To b a rter; to swa p . To pa rt with, g ive or tra nsfe r fo r a n eq u iva lent.
Com m e rcia l Law
A negotiation by wh ich one person tra nsfe rs to a n othe r fu nds wh ich h e has i n a
certa i n p lace, either at a p rice ag reed u pon o r wh ich is fixed by com m e rcia l usag e .
The process o f settl i n g a ccou nts o r debts between pa rties resid i n g a t a d ista nce
from each othe r, without the i ntervention of money, by excha n g i n g o rd e rs or
d rafts, ca l led b i l ls of exch a n g e ; the payment of debts in d iffe rent places by a n
exc h a n g e o r tra nsfer o f cred its . ( Black's 4th )

Exchequer :

That department of the E n g l ish g overn ment wh ich has cha rge of the col lection of
the nationa l reve n u e ; the treas u ry department.

It is sa id to have been so n a med fro m the checkered cloth , rese m b l i n g a chess­
boa rd , which a nciently cove red the ta ble there, and on w h i c h , when certa i n of the
k i n g ' s accou nts were made u p , the s u m s were m a rked and scored with cou nters .
( Black's 4th)
R, E n g . law . An a n cient cou rt of reco rd set u p by W i l l i a m the Con q ueror. It is ca l led
excheq uer fro m the checke red cloth , rese m b l i n g a chessboa rd , which cove rs the
ta ble there . 3 BI . Com . 45. It co nsists of two d ivisions; the recei pt of the
excheq u er, wh ich ma nages the roya l reve n u e ; and the cou rt, o r j u d icia l part of it,
wh ich is again d ivided i nto a cou rt of eq u ity, and a cou rt of com mo n law. Id . 44 .

2 . I n th is cou rt a l l person a l a ctions may be bro u g ht, a n d su its i n eq u ity
com m e nced , the p l a i ntiff i n both (fictitio u sly for the most part) a l leg i n g h i mself to
be the k i n g ' s debtor, i n ord e r to g ive the cou rt j u risd iction of the ca u se . Wooddes.
Lect. 69 . But by stat. 2 W i l l . IV. c. 39, s . 1 , a cha nge has been made i n th is
respect. ( Bouvier' s 1 8 56 6th Ed . )

Execution :

contracts . The acco m p l ish ment of a th i n g ; a s the execution of a bond a n d wa rra nt
of atto rney, wh ich is the sig n i n g , sea l i n g , a n d d e l ivery of the sa m e . ( Bouvier's
1856 6th Ed . )

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Exempt :

v . To re lease, d isch a rge, wa ive, re l ieve from l i a b i l ity, to re l ieve, excuse or set free
fro m a d u ty or service i m posed u pon the g e n e ra l class to wh ich the i n d ivid u a l
exe m pted be l o n g s ; as to exe m pt from m i l itia service .
To rel i eve ce rta i n classes of property fro m l i a b i l ity to sa le on execution . ( Black's
4th )

Exemption :

Freedo m fro m a g enera l d u ty or service ; i m m u n ity fro m a genera l b u rd e n , tax, or
charg e .
A privilege a l lowed b y l a w to a j u d g ment d ebto r, b y wh ich he m a y h o l d property to
a certa i n a m o u nt, or certa i n classes of property, free from a l l l i a b i l ity to levy a n d
s a l e on execution o r attach ment.
A rig h t g iven by l a w to a d e btor to reta i n a portio n of his p roperty free from cla i ms
of cred ito rs .
An "exe m pti o n " conte m p lated by Constitutiona l p rovision forb i d d i n g exe m ption of
property fro m taxation is a n exe m ption from a l l taxation i n a n y form .
An "exe m pti o n " fro m i n he rita nce tax is a ded u cti o n . As a ppl ied to taxation
" exem ptio n " is freedom fro m b u rden of enforced contri b ution s to expe nses and
maintena nce of govern ment.
Ded uction made in determining taxable income is a n "exemption " . ( Black's 4th )

Fealty :

I n feu d a l law, fi d e l ity, a l leg ia nce to the feu d a l lord of the ma nor; the feu d a l
o b l igation rest i n g u pon t h e tenant o r vassa l b y w h ich h e w a s bou nd t o b e fa ithfu l
a n d true to h is lord , a n d render h i m obed i e n ce a n d se rvice . Th is fea lty was of two
sorts : that w h ich is genera l , a n d is d u e from eve ry su bj ect to h i s pri n ce ; the oth er
speci a l , and req u i red of such o n l y as i n respect to thei r fee a re tied by th is oath to
thei r l a n d l o rd s . Fea lty sig n ifies fid e l ity, the p h rase "fe a l a n d lea l " mea n i n g s i m p ly
"fa ithfu l a n d loya l . " Te na nts by kn ig hts' service a n d a lso ten a nts i n socage were
req u i red to ta ke a n oath of fea lty to the ki n g o r othe rs, the i r i m med iate ly lord s ; a n d
fea lty w a s o n e o f t h e con d itions o f the i r te n u re, t h e b reach o f w h ich operated a
fo rfeitu re of their estates . Althou g h fo re i g n j u rists considered fea lty a n d h o m a g e as
conve rti b l e te rms, beca use i n so me conti n enta l cou ntries they were blended so as
to fo rm one e n g a g e ment, yet they were n ot to be confo u nded i n our cou ntry, for
they d i d not i m ply the sa m e th i n g , homage bei n g the acknowled g ment of ten u re,
a nd fealty, the vassa l oath of fid e l ity, being the esse nti a l fe u d a l bon d , and the
a n i mating p ri n c i p l e of a fe u d , w ithout wh ich it cou l d not s u bsist . Black's La w
Dictionary 6th Ed ition

Fiction :

An assu m ption or s u p position of law that someth i n g w h ich is o r may be fa lse is
tru e, o r that a state of facts exists which has never rea l ly ta ken p l ace . An
assu m pti o n , fo r p u rposes of j u stice, of a fact that does not, or may not exist.

A ru le of law wh ich assumes as true, and wi l l not a l low to be d isproved,
someth i n g wh ich is fa lse, but not i m possi b l e .

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