Ramro Nepali 2

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a]u]Gb| ;A' af

/fdrGb| vgfn

k':ts ks| fzg ux[ kf| = ln=
sf7df8f“}, gk] fn
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n]vg tyf ;Dkfbg
a]u]Gb| ;'Aaf
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klxnf] ;:+ s/0f M @)^%
bf;] f| ] ;+:s/0f M @)&!
k'gM d'b|0f M @)&@
t;] f| ] ;:+ s/0f M @)&%
kg' M db' |0f M @)&^
k'gM db' |0f M @)&&

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ISBN : 978-9937-8129-2-4

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k:' ts k|sfzg u[x k|f= ln=
sf7df8f}“, g]kfn
kmf]gM )!–$$^%*!)

gk] fndf d'lb|t

xfdf| ] egfO

/fdf| ] gk] fnL g]kfnL efiffnfO{ dft[efiff tyf dfWod efiffsf ¿kdf k|of]u ug]{
ljBfnotxsf ljBfyL{x¿sf nflu g]kfnL efifflzIf0f u/fpg] p2]Zon] tof/
kfl/Psf kf7\ok:' tsx¿sf] ‡f[ª\vnf xf] . oL kf7\ok':tsx¿df /flvPsf
kf7\o;fdu|Lsf] ljifoj:t' / ltgsf] ljGof;²ddf ljBfyL{x¿sf] pd]/, dgf]lj1fg,
jftfj/0f tyf kj" {1fgsf] Vofn ul/Psf] 5 / ltgnfO{ efifflzIf0fsf cfwfet"
l;4fGtcg';f/ Joj:yfkg ul/Psf] 5 . oxL sf/0fn] ubf{ of] Çf[ª\vnf
ljBfnotxsf ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ k|efjsf/L 9ª\un] g]kfnL efifflzIf0f u/fpg]
cfwf/e"t lzIf0f;fdu|L aGg] s/' fdf xfdL cfzfjfbL 5f}F .
/fd|f] gk] fnL sIff @ ;ftb]lv cf7 jif{ pd]/;d"xsf afnaflnsfx¿sf
nflu g]kfnL efifflzIf0f u/fpg] p2]Zon] tof/ kfl/Psf] kf7\ok:' ts xf] . o;
kf7\ok:' tsdf rf}w cf]6f kf7x¿ 5g\ / x/]s kf7nfO{ kf7 ;?' ug'{cl3b]lv
;?' ul/Psf] 5 / dn" kf7, ljleGg lsl;dsf cEof;, cEof;leqsf] kf7 x'“b},
l;h{gfTds n]vg;Dd cfOk'Ubf b; k[i7df Jojl:yt ul/Psf] 5 . ljBfyL{nfO{
d"n kf7k|lt cledv' u/fpg lrqdo l²ofsnfksf] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 . efiffsf
rf/ cf]6} l;knfO{ ;/n 9ª\un] l;sfpg] cEof;x¿ 5g\ / To;/L l;s]sf
s/' fnfO{ lr/:yfoL agfpg x/]s kf7df kg' a{nsf cEof;x¿ /flvPsf 5g\ .
o;sf ;fy} l;sfOnfO{ k|efjsf/L agfpg cfsif{s lnlk tyf /ª;+of]hgdf
kf7fg's"nsf afndgf]lj1fgnfO{ ljrf/ k¥' ofOPsf afnlk|o tyf /ª\uLg lrqx¿
/flvPsf 5g\ .
cGTodf, o; k':tssf] n]vg tyf ;Dkfbgsf ²ddf k|ToIf jf k/f]If¿kdf
;xof]u ug{'xg' ] ;Dk0" f{ dxfge' fjk|lt xflb{s s[t1tf 1fkg ub}{ k:' tssf lrqsf/
af;' lIflth, l8hfOg/ jL/]Gb| >]i7 tyf k|sfzg / ljt/0fsf] lhDdf lng] k:' ts
k|sfzg u[xk|lt cfef/ k|s6 ub{5f}“ . o; k:' tsnfO{ cem ;/n, ;/;, q'l6xLg /
p2]Zok"0f{ agfpg ;x[boL ljifolj1 tyf lzIfsju{sf] cd"No ;Nnfx / ;e' mfjsf]
ck]Iff ub{5f}“ .
n]vs tyf ;Dkfbsåo
kmfu'g @)^%

ljifo–;r" L

!= skf;sf] v]tL -sljtf_ !
@= sldnf -lgaGw_ !!
#= Eofut' fx¿sf] bf8} -syf_ @!
$= xf6ahf/ -sljtf_ #!
%= ljBfnoaf6 kms{k] l5 -lgaGw_ $!
^= afafsf] lrq -syf_ %!
&= d]/f] ;fgf] efO -sljtf_ ^!
*= ljlgtfsf ;fyLsf] cfgLafgL -lgaGw_ &!
(= /ft] ºofp/f] / v/fofs] f -syf_ *!

aRrfx¿ -sljtf_ (!
!)= kf]v/f / r/f -lgaGw_ !)!
!!= d]/f] kl/jf/ -syf_ !!!
!@= sf] 7'nf] < -lgaGw_ !@!
!#= d]/f] gSsn] efO -lgaGw_ !#!
!$= la;{g g;lsg] 36gf

kf7 !

skf;sf] v]tL

kf7 ;?' ugc{' l3

õ dflysf] lrqdf ss] ] b]lvG5g\ < a9LeGbf a9L s/' fx¿ kQf nufpm .

zAb / cy{

skf; – ?jf atf; – xfjfÙ kjg

hn – kfgL cfsfz – csf;

dn – la?jfsf] vfg]s/' f af6] – la?jf

1/fd|f] gk] fnL sIff @

d"n kf7 –k|dfb] k|wfg

skf;sf] v]tL

cfsfzdf s;n] u5{
skf;sf] v]tL †
hfcf“} xfdL ;fw] L cfcf“}
p;n} fO{ e]6L .

af]6 5}g, g la?jf
k'mN5 9sdSs
hn dn rflxb“ g}
kf5{ ;w“} 5Ss .

2 /fdf| ] gk] fnL sIff @

atf;nfO{ k5\ofp5“
agL s]6fs6] L
cfsfzdf s;n] u5{
skf;sf] vt] L †

3/fdf| ] gk] fnL sIff @

zAbe08f/;DaGwL cEof;

!= tnsf zAb k9 / sfkLdf ;f/ M

cfsfz, skf;, e]6L, af]6, la?jf, 9sdSs, atf;

@= l7s cyd{ f /]hf - á _ nufpm M

s_ skf;sf] cy{ s] xf] <

c_ e'jf cf_ ?jf O_ l;/s

v_ hn eg]sf] s] xf] <

c_ eft cf_ kfgL O_ cfuf]

u_ la?jfsf] vfgs] /' f egs] f] s] xf] <

c_ dn cf_ xf“uf O_ kft

3_ atf; egs] f] s] xf] <

c_ 3fd cf_ kfgL O_ xfjf

#= pbfx/0fdf bv] fPh;/L hf8] f ldnfpm M

cfsfz bª\u ?v

af]6 csf; uug

5Ss la?jf dVv

$= kf7af6 p:t} ;l' gg] zAb n]v M

v]tL – e]6L

9sdSs ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ s]6fs]6L ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

4 /fdf| ] g]kfnL sIff @

af]w / cleJolSt;DaGwL cEof;

!= dflysf] sljtf lzIfsaf6 ;g' .
@= dflysf] sljtf lzIfsaf6 ;'lg;s]kl5 lgDgfg;' f/ k9 M

s_ ;a}n]
v_ sIffsf ljBfyL{x¿dWo] cfwfcfwf eP/
u_ PSnfPSn}
#= 5'6s] f zAb e/L sljtf k"/f u/ M
cfsfzdf ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ u5{,
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ v]tL †
hfcf}“ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ;f]wL ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
p;}nfO{ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ .
$= l7s eP l7s / al] 7s eP al] 7s nv] M
s_ skf;sf] v]tL sljtf k|df]b k|wfgn] n]v]sf xg' \ . ÒÒÒÒÒ
v_ kf7df skf; eg]sf] xfjf xf] . ÒÒÒÒÒ
u_ skf;sf] /ª sfnf] x'G5 . ÒÒÒÒÒ
3_ cfsfzdf skf;sf] af]6 5 . ÒÒÒÒÒ
ª_ atf;n] sl' x/f]nfO{ p8fp“5 . ÒÒÒÒÒ

5/fd|f] g]kfnL sIff @

%= pQ/ n]v M
s_ cfsfzdf s]sf] v]tL 5 <
v_ cfsfzsf] skf; s;/L kmN' 5 <
u_ cfsfzsf skf; km'Ng s] rflx“b}g <
3_ cfsfzsf] skf;n] s]6fs]6L ag]/ s]nfO{ k5\ofp“5 <
ª_ cfsfzdf skf;h:tf] b]lvg] s] xf] <

^= tnsf] kf7 k9 / ;fl] wPsf kZ| gx¿sf] pQ/ n]v M
ltdLn] l;/s, 8;gf jf l;/fgL b]v]s} 5f} . w]/}h;f] l;/s, 8;gf
jf l;/fgLleq e'jfbf/ j:t' xG' 5 . To:tf] e'jfbf/ j:tn' fO{ ?jf jf
skf; elgG5 . o:tf] skf; Ps lsl;dsf] jg:kltaf6 k|fKt x'G5 .
cyjf, skf;sf] af]6 xG' 5 . skf;af6 xfdLn] nufpg] sk8f klg
aG5 . lbof] afNg ;n]bf]sf] ¿kdf klg skf; k|of]u xG' 5 . skf;
k|foh;f] ;]tf] x'G5 .
k|Zgx¿M
s_ skf; eg]sf] s] xf] <
v_ skf; sxfFaf6 k|fKt x'G5 <
u_ skf; s:tf] /ªsf] x'G5 <

6 /fd|f] gk] fnL sIff @

Jofs/0f;DaGwL cEof;

!= pbfx/0fdf lbPh:t} gof“ jfSo agfpm M

xfdL hfG5f}F . — xfdL hfcf}“ .

xfdL vfG5f}“ . — ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

xfdL k9\5fF} . — ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

xfdL ;'G5f}F . — ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

xfdL x]5f}{“ . — ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

@= pbfx/0f x]/L gof“ zAb agfpm M

e]6L — e]6]/

b]vL — ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

u/L — ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

k9L — ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

;'tL — ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

#= hf8] f ldnfpm M

9sdSs kf]Ng'

6x6x xfjf rNg'

emndNn k'mNg'

l;/{l;/{ h"g nfUg'

etet 3fd nfUg'

7/fd|f] gk] fnL sIff @

cEof;leqsf] kf7

s] ltdLn] cfsfzdf afbn bv] ]sf 5f} < afbn s:tf] xG' 5 < kSs} klg
ltdLn] afbn bv] ]sf] x'gk' 5{ . afbn sfnf] klg xG' 5 . afbn ;t] f] klg
x'G5 . sfnf] afbnn] kfgL af]s]sf] x'G5 . To;}n] sfnf] afbnn] kfgL kf5{ .
;]tf] afbnn] kfgL af]s]sf] x'“bg} . o:tf] afbn kfgL lng ;d'bl| t/ lx8“ s] f]
afbn xf] . ;]tf] afbn skf;h:t} ;t] f] / g/d x'G5 . ;]tf] afbn xfjfn]
htf nUof] Tot} hfG5 .
!= cEof;leqsf] kf7 sIffdf Ps hgfn] k9 . c¿ ;an} ] Wofgk"js{

;g' .
@= dflysf] kf7af6 tnsf zAbx¿sf] pxL cy{ ePsf zAbx¿ l6k M

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ M uug
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ M d]3
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ M hn
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ M ;fu/
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ M atf;

8 /fdf| ] g]kfnL sIff @

#= tnsf zAbx¿sf] pN6f] cy{ lbg] zAb n]v M
;]tf] M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ gofF M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
lbg M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ;kmf M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
leq M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ k"j{ M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
k|Zg M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ld7f] M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

$= Ps jfSodf pQ/ nv] M
s_ afbn slt lsl;dsf] x'G5 <
v_ sfnf] afbnn] s] af]s]sf] x'G5 <
u_ s:tf] afbnn] kfgL af]s]sf] x“'b}g <

%= cEof;leqsf] kf7 ;kmf;uF sfkLdf ;f/ .
^= tnsf zAbx¿nfO{ cEof;leqsf] kf7 x]/L z4' kf/ M

ltld M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ jfbn M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
kgL M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ z]tf] M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
kflg M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ifd'b| M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
&= tnsf] kf7df l7s 7fp“df k"0fl{ j/fd lrGx - . _ /fv M
d]/f] ;fyLsf] gfd d's]z ah|frfo{ xf] pm bO' { sIffdf k9\5 p;sf]
3/ O6x/Ldf 5 p;nfO{ skbL{ v]Ng dg k5{ p;nfO{ km' 6an
klg v]Ng dg k5{

9/fd|f] gk] fnL sIff @

;fdl" xs lqmofsnfk

õ ;a} dfG5s] f] gfd xG' 5 . s'g}s'g} dfG5]sf] 3/df af]nfpg] gfd 56' \6}
xG' 5 . :sn' / c¿lt/ afn] fpg] gfd cs}{ xG' 5 . ltd|f ;fyLx¿sf]
3/df af]nfpg] gfd cs}{ xg' ;S5 . ca ltdL 3/df afn] fpg] 5'6\6}
gfd ePsf kfr“ hgf ;fyLx¿ ;f]w]/ kQf nufpm M

ltd|f] ;fyLsf] gfd ltd|f] ;fyLsf] 3/df af]nfpg] gfd

s_ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

v_ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

u_ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

3_ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

ª_ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

l;hg{ fTds nv] g

!= o;} kf7sf] kf7 ;?' ug{c' l3 x/] . Toxf“ ltdLn] b]vs] f s/' fx¿nfO{
@% zAb hltdf n]v M

@= ltdLn] cl3Nnf] sIffdf k9s] f] s'g} Pp6f sljtf /fdf| cIf/df nv] .

10 /fd|f] g]kfnL sIff @

kf7 @

sldnf

kf7 ;'? ug{c' l3

õ sldnf / df/} Llar b'O{ cf6] f ldNg] s'/f eg .

õ sldnf / df}/Llar bO' { cf]6f gldNg] s'/f eg .

zAb / cy{
tfFtL – sldnfsf] ;d"x, sldnfsf] n:s/
lvn – sldnf, df}/L, af?nf cflbn] 6f]Sbf 5f]8\g] ljiffn' sfF8f]
l9:sf] – ;fgf] kxf8
ls/fkm6\ofªu\ |f – leGgleGg vfnsf ls/f
k/fu – km" nsf dv' df xg' ] ;'ulGwt wn' f]
;ªu\ 7g – hdftÙ 6f]nLÙ ;dx"
l;sf/ ug{' – vfgsf nflu s'g} k|f0fL, ls/fkm6\ofª\u|f dfg'{ jf ;dfTg'
cfkt – ljktÙ b'Mvsi6Ù ;ª\s6
lrN5 – 6f]S5Ù lvn 5f]8\5

11/fd|f] g]kfnL sIff @

dn" kf7

sldnf

ltdLn] sldnf bv] s] f 5f} < sldnf ;fdflhs k|f0fL xf] .
sldnf ;d"xdf lx8“ \5 . sldnfsf] ;d"xnfO{ tf“tL elgG5 .
sldnfsf] z/L/ tLg efudf afl“ 8Psf] xG' 5 . sldnfsf]
z/L/df 6fpsf,] 5ftL / k]6 x'G5 . sldnfsf] cfv“ f ;fgf]
x'G5 . sldnfsf cf“vf 6Nsg] vfnsf] x'G5 . sldnfsf]
d'v ;fgf] xG' 5 . sldnfsf] d'vdf w/] } cªu\ klg xG' 5g\ .
sldnfsf] dv' df vfgf rafpg] ;fgf;fgf cª\u klg x'G5g\ .
sldnfsf 5 cf6] f v'6\6f xG' 5g\ . sldnfsf v'6\6f v08v08
k/s] f xG' 5g\ . sldnfsf] k5fl8 ljiffn' lvn xG' 5 . oxL
lvnn] sldnfsf] arfp u5{ . sldnfnfO{ cfkt kbf{ oxL
lvnn] lrN5 . sldnfn] lrn]kl5 b'V5 .

12 /fdf| ] g]kfnL sIff @

sldnf] w]/} rnfv x'G5 . of] anjfg\ klg xG' 5 . o;n]
cfk"meGbf tLg u'gf 7n' f] ;fdfg afS] 5 . sldnf] b'nfd] f
a:5 . of] hldgd'lg / hldgdfly a:5 . of] ?v, kxf8, 3/
/ 9'ª\ufdf klg a:5 . sldnfn] hldgdf l9:sf] agfp5“ .
sldnfn] ls/fkm6o\ fªu\ |f, cGgafnL vfG5 . o;n] Rofp,
kmnkm" n, k/fu, k"mnsf] /; klg vfG5 .

sldnf] cToGt} kl/>dL xG' 5 . sldnfsf] ;ª\u7g alnof]
xG' 5 . sldnfn] Pp6fnfO{
k/]sf] a]nf ;a}n] ;xof]u
u5g{ \ . sldnfn] ldn/]
l;sf/ u5g{ \ . sldnfaf6
kl/>dL aGg l;Sg'k5{ .
sldnfaf6 ldn/]
a:g'k5{ eGg] klg
l;Sg'k5{ . ;ª\s6df
Psh6' x'g'k5{
eGg] klg
sldnfaf6}
l;Sgk' 5{ .
sldnfaf6 ;xofu] L
aGg klg l;Sg'k5{ .

13/fd|f] g]kfnL sIff @

zAbe08f/;DaGwL cEof;

!= tnsf zAb l7s;u“ pRrf/0f u/ M

;fdflhs, k|f0fL, z/L/, 6Nsg], Kjfn, cª\u, 6'²f, rafpg],
v08v08, ls/fkm6\ofª\u|f, cGgafnL, k/fu, ;ª\s6

@= tnsf zAb / cy{sf] hf]8f ldnfpm M

l9:sf] sldnfsf] ;dx" Ù sldnfsf] n:s/

k/fu sldnf, df}/L, af?nf cflbn] 6f]Sbf
ls/fkm6o\ fªu\ f| 5f]8\g] ljiffn' sf“8f]
tf“tL
l;sf/ ug'{ ;fgf] kxf8

leGgleGg vfnsf ls/f

lvn k"mnsf dv' df x'g] ;'ulGwt wn' f]

;ªu\ 7g hdftÙ 6f]nLÙ ;d"x

vfgsf nflu sg' } k|f0fL, ls/fkm6\ofª\u|f
dfg{' jf ;dfTg'

#= kf7af6 pxL cy{ lbg] zAb vf]hL n]v M

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ Ö hLjhGt'

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ Ö n:s/Ù nfOg

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ Ö rDsg]

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ Ö 6²' f6'²f

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ Ö lavfn'Ù ljif ePsf]

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ Ö ljktÙ bM' vsi6Ù ;ª\s6

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ Ö 6f]S5Ù lvn 5f]8\5

14 /fdf| ] g]kfnL sIff @

afw] / cleJolSt;DaGwL cEof;

!= dflysf] kf7sf cg'R5]bx¿ kfn}kfnf] k9 .
@= tnsf zAbx¿ k9 / sfkLdf ;f/ M

kl/>dL >]i7 >Ldfg\ >lds >dbfg >LdtL
Ifdf Iflqo If]q kIf sIff cWoIf
#= 56' s] f zAb e/L jfSo k"/f u/ M
s_ sldnfsf ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ 6Nsg] vfnsf] x'G5 .
v_ sldnf] w]/} ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ xG' 5 .
u_ sldnfn] hldgdf ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ agfpF5 .
3_ sldnfaf6 ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ aGg l;Sgk' 5{ .
$= kf7df gePsf jfSo 5f8/] cGo jfSo dfq sfkLdf ;f/ M
sldnf] w]/} rnfv x'G5 . of] anjfg\ klg xG' 5 . d sldnf] x“' .
o;n] cfk"meGbf tLg ug' f 7n' f] ;fdfg af]S5 . sldnf] b'nfdf
a:5 . sldnf] ot} cfof] . of] hldgdl' g / hldgdfly a:5 .
%= d'vn} ] hafkm bp] m M
s_ tf“tL eg]sf] s] xf] <
v_ sldnf / af?nfdf s] km/s 5 <

15/fdf| ] g]kfnL sIff @

u_ sldnfsf] z/L/ s:tf] xG' 5 <

3_ sldnfn] 6f]Sbf s] xG' 5 <

ª_ lvn eg]sf] s] xf] <

^= tnsf v08x¿ hf8] L jfSo agfpm M

s_ sldnfsf] ;dx" nfO{ ;ª\u7g alnof] x'G5 .

v_ sldnf] ls/fkm6o\ fªu\ f| Ù cGgafnL vfG5 .

u_ sldnfn] tfFtL elgG5 .

3_ sldnfsf] ;xof]uL aGg l;Sgk' 5{ .

ª_ sldnfaf6 bn' f]df a:5 .

&= pQ/ bp] m M

s_ sldnfsf] ;d"xnfO{ s] elgG5 <

v_ sldnfsf] cf“vf s:tf] x'G5 <

u_ sldnfsf] d'vdf s:tfs:tf cª\u xG' 5g\ <

3_ sldnfn] slt a]nf 6f]S5 <

ª_ sldnfaf6 s]s] s'/f l;Sg'k5{ <

*= kf7sf] t];|f] cgR' 5b] ;'g]/ n]v . ;g' ]/ nv] ]kl5 lstfa x]//] slt
uNtL eP5g,\ kQf nufpm / cfk“m} uNtL ;Rofpm .

16 /fdf| ] g]kfnL sIff @

Jofs/0f;DaGwL cEof;

!= pbfx/0fdf lbPh:t} gof“ zAb agfpm M

kl/>d – kl/>dL an – anjfg\

d]xgt – ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ bof – ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

pksf/ – ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ zlSt – ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

;xof]u – ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ al' 4 – ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

@= hf]8f ldnfpm M

sldnfsf] le8

cª\u'/sf] /f;

dflg;sf] ayfg

cGgsf] tf“tL

ufO{a:ts' f] e'mKkf]

#= zAb hf8] L Pp6} zAb agfpm M

cGg / afnL cGgafnL

3fd / kfgL ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

xf“; / v]n ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

3/ / af/L ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

;fu / ;AhL ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

wg / ;DklQ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

17/fdf| ] g]kfnL sIff @

cEof;leqsf] kf7

x/] x]/ ;fyL xf] sldnfsf] tf“tL of]
b'nfaf6 lg:s/] lx“8\5 w'nfdfly of] .

Pp6f ;fyL cfP/ lbG5 s]sf] va/
nuftf/ cufl8 a95\ nfjf n:s/ .

cfh hfG5 hGtL of] s'g bz] s'g 3/
sxf“ xf]lng\ bn' xL ;'gs];f| em}“ ;'Gb/

kxfl/nf] sfGnfdf ;fg;' fg' bn' f] 5,
aflx/ Toxf“ wn' f] 5, leq b/af/ 7'nf] 5 .

sldnfsL /fgL To} b/af/df al:5g\ /]
cfsfzsL OlGb|gL wtL{leq kl:5g\ /] †

– dfwjk;| fb l3ld/]

!= dflysf] sljtf no xfn/] k9 .

@= dflysf] sljtfaf6 klxnf] / bf];f| ] Znf]s ;f/ M

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

#= dflysf] kf7af6 rGbl| aGb' nfus] f zAb n]v / c¿ rf/ cf]6f yk M

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

18 /fd|f] g]kfnL sIff @

$= tnsf zAb / cy{sf] hf]8f ldnfpm M

nfjf n:s/ 3fd nfUg]

hGtL kmf}hsf] tf“tL

;g' s];|f v]taf/Lsf] le/fnf] hUuf

kxfl/nf] ljjfxdf a]x'nfl;t hfg] dfG5]

sfGnf ;g' h:t} skfn ePsL

%= pQ/ n]v M

s_ sldnfsf] tf“tL sxf“af6 lg:sG5 <

v_ cufl8 nuftf/ s] a9\5 <

u_ b'nxL s:tL l5g\ <

3_ sfGnf] s:tf] 5 <

ª_ wtL{leq sf] kl:5g\ <

^= tnsf zAbx¿af6 jfSo agfpm M

af6 M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

dfly M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

e}“m M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

dl' g M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

leq M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

&= pbfx/0fdf b]vfPh;/L tnsf cIf/nfO{ …/Ú ;Fu hf8] /] nv] M

s\ ± / Ö ² v\ ± / Ö v|

u\ ± / Ö ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ 3\ ± / Ö ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

8\ ± / Ö 8« r\ ± / Ö ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

6\ ± / Ö ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ km\ ± / Ö ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

d\ ± / Ö ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ x\ ± / Ö ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

19/fd|f] g]kfnL sIff @

;fdl" xs lqmofsnfk

õ kf“r hgf ;fyLsf] gfd nv] . tL ;fyLx¿nfO{ dg kg{] hgfj/sf] gfd
;f]w]/ nv] M

;fyLsf] gfd dg kg]{ hgfj/

!= ======================= ===================================

@= ======================= ===================================

#= ======================= ===================================

$= ======================= ===================================

%= ======================= ===================================

l;h{gfTds nv] g

õ sldnfh:t} sg' } ;fgf] ls/fsf] lrq vf]h]/ 6f“; cyjf agfpm . To;
ls/fsf] af/d] f la;lt; zAb nv] M
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20 /fd|f] gk] fnL sIff @

kf7 #

Eofu'tfx¿sf] bf}8

kf7 ;?' ug'{cl3

õ dflysf lrqx¿sf cfwf/df …v/fof] / s5'jfsf] bf}8Ú syf eg .

zAb / cy{

6K' kf] – lzv/Ù r'r'/f] pT;flxt x'bF } – pQ]lht xF'b}

sO' g6] f] – 3D' tL alx/f] – sfg g;G' g]

21/fdf| ] g]kfnL sIff @

d"n kf7

Eofu'tfx¿sf] bf8}

Ps lbg Eofut' fx¿n] bf8} ug{] eP .
Eofut' fx¿sf] bf8} x]g{ To; 7fpFsf ;a} k|f0fLx¿ en] f eP .
Eofut' fx¿ bf8} Fb} kxf8sf] 6K' kfdf kU' gk' g{] lyof] . pgLx¿sf]
bf}8 ;'? eof] . ;a} Eofut' fx¿ ;'?df pT;flxt xFb' } bf8} g
yfn] . pgLx¿ a8f] km' tL{;uF kxf8 pSnbF } lyP .
bf8} xg] { af6fsf] Pp6f sg' fdf a;]sf du[ x¿n] eg–] ælar/f
Eofu'tfx¿ † logLx¿ ;St}gg\ kxf8sf] 6K' kfdf k'Ug †Æ
kxf8 pSnbF fpSnFbf s]xL Eofu'tf yfSg yfn]sf lyP . ltgLx¿n]
du[ sf] s/' f ;g' ] . ltgLx¿nfO{ du[ x¿sf] s/' f ;fFRr}h:tf]
nfUof] . To;kl5 t s] < ltgLx¿n] bf8} g} 5f8] ] .

22 /fdf| ] gk] fnL sIff @

bf8} xg] { af6fsf] csf]{ s'Og]6fdf 3f8] fx¿ a;s] f lyP . kxf8
pSnFbfpSnbF f yfss] f Eofu'tfx¿nfO{ b]v]/ 3f]8fx¿n] eg,]
æcfx] f] † oL lar/f Eofu'tfx¿ s;/L 6K' kfdf kU' g ;S5g\ / <
;Stg} g\ †Æ
3f8] fx¿sf] s/' f ;'g/] sx] L Eofu'tfn] lard} bf8} 5f8] .
o;/L g} bf8} xg] {] c¿ kf| 0fLn] eGg yfn,] æoL lar/f Eofut' fx¿ †Æ
kf| 0fLx¿sf s'/f ;'Gg] Eofu'tfx¿ PsPs ub{} bf8} 5f]8\g nfu] .
s]xL a/] df ;ah} ;f] Eofut' fx¿n] bf8} 5f8] ] . t/ crDd †
Pp6f Eofutf] t kxf8sf] 6'Kkfdf k'lu5f8o\ f] †
ljhosf] emG8f afs] /] kmls{/x]sf] Tof] Eofu'tfnfO{ bv] ]/ ;a}n]
;fw] ], æltdLn] s;/L bf8} k/" f u¥of} / lhTof} <Æ
Tof] Eofu'tf] t xfFl; dfq /x\of] .
vf;df Tof] Eofut' f] ;G' g g;Sg] /x5] . p;n] kf| 0fLx¿n]
ælar/f † ;St}gg\ †Æ eg]sf] ;g' ]g5 . To;n} ] kf] bf8} lht5] .

23/fdf| ] gk] fnL sIff @

zAbe08f/;DaGwL cEof;

!= tnsf zAb pRrf/0f u/ / vfnL 7fpFdf ;f/ M

Eofut' f k|f0fLx¿ pT;flxt k'mtL{;Fu

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

d[u s'Og]6f pSnFbfpSnFbf kmls{/x]sf]

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

@= tnsf zAb / cy{sf hf8] f ldnfpm M

pT;flxt xF'b} 3'DtL

s'Og]6f] sfg g;G' g]

;'Gg g;Sg] v';L xF'b}

#= pxL cy{ lbg] zAb 5fg/] n]v M

7fpF – ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ;'? – ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

kxf8 – ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ 6K' kf] – ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

s'Og]6f] – ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ k|f0fL – ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

ljho – ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ;a} – ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

:yfg, yfngL, kj{t, lzv/, 3'DtL, hLj, lht, ;Dk0" f{

$= ltd|f] ljBfnodf x'g] s'g} 5 cf6] f k|ltofl] utfsf] gfd n]v M

s_ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ v_ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

u_ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ 3_ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

ª_ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ r_ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

24 /fdf| ] g]kfnL sIff @

af]w / cleJolSt;DaGwL cEof;

!= dflysf] kf7 lzIfsn] k9g\ 'xG' 5 . Wofgkj" s{ ;g' .
@= ltdLn] ;'g]sf] hgfj/;DaGwL sg' } Pp6f syf sIffdf ;fyLx¿nfO{

;'gfpm .
#= kf7sf] clGtd cgR' 5b] k9 / tnsf] vfnL 7fpdF f ;f/ M

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
$= s;n] egs] f] xf] n]v M
s_ lar/f Eofut' fx¿ † logLx¿ ;St}gg\ kxf8sf] 6'Kkfdf k'Ug †

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
v_ cxf] † oL lar/f Eofu'tfx¿ s;/L 6'Kkfdf kU' g ;S5g\ / <

;St}gg\ †
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
u_ ltdLn] s;/L bf}8 k/" f u¥of} / lhTof} < .
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
%= kf7af6 tnsf dfqf nfu]sf cIf/af6 ;?' xg' ] zAbx¿ n]v M
;'?df cfsf/ - f _ sf] dfqf nfu]sf M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
;?' df psf/ - ' _ sf] dfqf nfu]sf M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
;?' df Psf/ - ] _ sf] dfqf nfu]sf M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
;'?df cf]sf/ - f] _ sf] dfqf nfu]sf M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
;?' df cf}sf/ - f} _ sf] dfqf nfu]sf M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

25/fd|f] g]kfnL sIff @

^= d'v}n] pQ/ b]pm M
s_ Eofu'tfx¿n] s] ug]{ eP <
v_ ;?' df Eofu'tfx¿ s;/L bf}8] <
u_ 3f]8fx¿ sxfF lyP <
3_ c¿ k|f0fLx¿n] s] eg] <
ª_ slt cf]6f Eofu'tf kxf8sf] 6'Kkfdf ku' ] <

&= Ps jfSodf pQ/ nv] M
s_ Eofut' fx¿sf] bf}8 x]g{ sf]sf] e]nf eP <
v_ bf}8df efu lng] Eofu'tfx¿ sxfF kU' g'kg]{ lyof] <
u_ Eofu'tfx¿n] lsg PsPs ub}{ bf}8 5f]8] <
3_ bf}8 lhTg] Eofu'tfnfO{ ;a}n] s] ;f]w] <
ª_ bf}8 lhTg] Eofut' fn] s] ;g' ]g5 <

*= tnsf jfSox¿nfO{ syfsf cfwf/df !, @, #=== sf] j|mddf /fv M
- _ ;a}n] ;St}gg\ eg]sf] ;'g]/ ;a} Eofu'tfn] bf}8 5f]8] .
- _ t/ s;}sf] s/' f g;Gg] Pp6f alx/f] Eofu'tfn] dfq bf}8
k/" f u¥of] .
- _ To;kl5 3f]8fx¿n] bf}8 k"/f ug{ ;St}gg\ eg] .
- _ klxn] d[ux¿n] Eofu'tfx¿n] bf}8 k"/f ug{ ;St}gg\ eg] .
- _ Eofut' fsf] bf}8 x]g{ ;a} k|f0fLx¿ e]nf eP .
- _ clg c¿ k|f0fLx¿n] klg lar/f † ;St}gg\ eg] .
- _ Eofut' fx¿n] bf}8 k|ltof]lutf ug]{ eP .

26 /fdf| ] g]kfnL sIff @

Jofs/0f;DaGwL cEof;

!= kfr“ kf“r cf]6f hª\unL hgfj/ / 3/kfnj' f hgfj/sf gfd nv] M

hª\unL hgfj/ 3/kfnj' f hgfj/

!_ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ !_ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

@_ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ @_ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

#_ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ #_ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

$_ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ $_ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

%_ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ %_ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

@= tLgtLg cf]6f gfd n]v M

s_ dfG5]sf] gfd M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

v_ 7fp“sf gfd M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

u_ lstfasf gfd M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

3_ b]zsf gfd M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

ª_ rf8af8sf gfd M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

#= w]/n} fO{ a'emfpg] gfddf uf]nf] 3/] f nufpm M

s_ /fd ;Ltf xl/ dfG5] 3gZofd

v_ af3 efn' xfQL u}“8f hgfj/

u_ k"mn dvdnL ;okqL un' fkm sdn

3_ g]kfn b]z ef/t rLg cd]l/sf

ª_ k/]jf 9's'/ r/f 8f“k]m d'h'/

27/fdf| ] gk] fnL sIff @

cEof;leqsf] kf7

af3 l;sf/ ug{ hfGb}gYof] . af3n]
la/fnfnfO{ u?' dfg/] l;sf/ ug{] tl/sf
l;sfOdfUof] . la/fnfn] klg af3nfO{
l;sf/ ug{] tl/sf l;sfOlbof] .

af3 la:tf/} 7'nf7'nf hgfj/nfO{
;dft/] dfg{ ;Sg] eof] . ca af3df
3d08 a9g\ yfNof] .

Ps lbg af3n] Pp6f du[ df/]/
vfb“ } lyof] . la/fnf] 5p] df uof] /
Ps rfS] 6f df;' dfUof] . af3n] lbg
dfgg] . To;n} ] la/fnfn] cfkm} “ n'5/]
nfg vfH] of] . 3d08L af3n] la/fnf]
cfºg} u'? xf] eGg] la:of]{ . p;n] t la/fnfdfly klg cfjm| d0f u¥of] .

rnfv la/fnf] ?vdfly r9\of] . af3n] la/fnfsf] k'R5/ klg e]6]g .

!= cEof;leqsf] kf7 Ps hgfn] k9 . c¿n] Wofg lbP/ ;g' .

@= cEof;leqsf] kf7 dgdg} k9 .

#= hf]8f ldnfpm M

af3sf] aRrf 5fjf

la/fnfsf] aRrf r]kfuf“8f

Eofu'tfsf] aRrf 8d?

xfQLsf] aRrf e'/f

df5fsf] aRrf ª\ofp/f

28 /fdf| ] gk] fnL sIff @

$= l7sal] 7s 56' o\ fpm M

s_ af3sf] u'? la/fnf] xf] . ÒÒÒÒÒÒ

v_ af3 3d08L x'g yfNof] . ÒÒÒÒÒÒ

u_ la/fnfn] d[u df¥of] . ÒÒÒÒÒÒ

3_ af3n] la/fnfdfly cf²d0f u¥of] . ÒÒÒÒÒÒ

ª_ af3n] la/fnfnfO{ ;dft]/ df¥of] . ÒÒÒÒÒÒ

%= Ps zAbdf pQ/ nv] M

s_ af3 s] ug{ hfGb}gYof] < ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

v_ af3df s] a9\g yfNof] < ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

u_ af3 s] df/]/ vfFb} lyof] < ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

3_ la/fnf] sxfF r9\of] < ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

^= pbfx/0f x/] L tnsf jfSox¿nfO{ cs/0fdf abn M

af3n] la/fnfnfO{ ;dfTof] . af3n] la/fnfnfO{ ;dft]g .

la/fnf] 7n' f] lyof] . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

af3n] d[u df¥of] . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

la/fnf] ?vdfly r9\of] . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

af3n] df;' vfof] . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

la/fnfn] af3nfO{ l;sfof] . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

29/fd|f] gk] fnL sIff @

;fd"lxs lqmofsnfk

õ bO' {bO' { hgf ldn/] hgfj/x¿sf] gfd nv] . kfr“ ldg]6df ltd|f] ;dx" n]
slt cf6] f hgfj/sf] gfd nV] g ;Sof] < kfr“ ldg6] df s'g ;dx" n]
;aeGbf a9L hgfj/sf] gfd n]Vof] <

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

l;h{gfTds nv] g

õ af3sf] lrq 6f;“ . ca klRr;lt; zAbdf af3sf] af/d] f n]v M
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

30 /fdf| ] gk] fnL sIff @

kf7 $

xf6 ahf/

kf7 ;'? ug'c{ l3

õ dflysf] lrqdf ePsf dflg;x¿ sg' sg' hfltsf xf]nfg\ < 5nkmn

u/ .

zAb / cy{

xhf/ – xhf/ hgfÙ w]/} dfG5] 8fnL – xfFuf

of}6f – Pp6fÙ Ps sfF9f – z"nÙ 3f]Rg] j:t'

k'm?Ss – v';LÙ cfgGb

31/fdf| ] gk] fnL sIff @

dn" kf7

xf6 ahf/

–/fdafa' ;j' b] L

/fdf| nu' f nfP/ of}6f ;fyL ;'v{]t]
ldª\df uO{ ahf/ csf{] ;fyL ks' f6{] ]
ahf/df el] 6P Rofªn\ ª' \u] / Dofª\nª' u\ ]
;fyL xhf/ . wG' r] ws' f6{] ] .

32 /fd|f] g]kfnL sIff @

;fyLefO el] 6“bf

ldªd\ f eO{ k'm?Ss

w'jf“n] / w'nfn]

t/ w'?Ss . xf6ahf/ eg]sf

u'nfasf km" n x'g\

of] k"mnsf 8fnLdf

sf“9f klg 5g\ .

33/fd|f] gk] fnL sIff @

zAbe08f/;DaGwL cEof;

!= tnsf zAb k9 / sfkLdf ;f/ M
ldª\df, ;'v]{t], k'sf]{6], Rofª\nª' \u], Dofª\n'ª\u], ws' f]{6], km' ?Ss

@= vfnL 7fp“ e/L jfSo k/" f u/ M
s_ ;v' ]{tdf a:g]nfO{ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ elgG5 .
v_ k'sf]{6df a:g]nfO{ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ elgG5 .
u_ Rofª\n'ª\u]x¿ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ eGg] 7fp“df a:5g\ .
3_ Dofª\n'ª\u]x¿ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ eGg] 7fp“df a:5g\ .
ª_ w'sf]{6df a:g]nfO{ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ elgG5 .

#= tn cy{ lbOPsf 5g\ . zAb kf7af6 vf]h/] n]v M
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ xhf/ hgfÙ w]/} dfG5]
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ Pp6f
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ v';LÙ cfgGbL
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ xf“ufdf
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ z"nÙ 3f]Rg] j:t'

$= pN6f] cy{ lbg] zAb;“u hf8] f ldnfpm M
km" n zq'
;x/ s8f
ldq sf“8f
cfkm" ufp“
g/d csf]{

34 /fd|f] g]kfnL sIff @

afw] / cleJolSt;DaGwL cEof;

!= dflysf] sljtf lzIfsn] no xfn/] k9g\ x' G' 5 . ltdLx¿ ;g' / no
xfn/] ufcf] .

@= sljtfdf p:t} ;l' gg] zAb ;“u} n]v M

ahf/ – xhf/ Rofª\nª' \u] – ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

;'v]{t] – ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ws' f]{6] – ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

km' ?Ss – ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ xg' \ – ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

#= sljtf k"/f u/ M

xf6ahf/ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

un' fasf ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ x'g\

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ km" nsf] ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ klg ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

$= pQ/ bp] m M

s_ s:tf nu' f nufP/ ldª\df ahf/ uO{ <

v_ xhf/ ;fyL sxf“ e]l6P <

u_ ;fyLx¿ sxf“sxf“ lyP <

3_ ldª\df lsg w?' Ss eO{ <

ª_ km" nsf 8fnLdf s] xG' 5g\ <

%= pbfx/0fdf lbPh:t} sljtfnfO{ jfSodf n]v M

/fd|f n'uf nfP/ ldª\df uO{ ahf/ .

ldª\df /fd|f nu' f nufP/ ahf/ uO{ .

s_ ahf/df e]l6P ;fyL xhf/ .

35/fd|f] g]kfnL sIff @

v_ ;fyLefO e]l6“bf ldª\df eO{ k'm?Ss .
u_ w'jfn] / wn' fn] t/ w'?Ss .
^= tnsf] kf7 k9 / ;fl] wPsf kZ| gx¿sf] pQ/ nv] M
ldª\df /fd|f n'uf nufO{ / ahf/ uO{ . ahf/df p;n] /fwf, dgf]h,
kf;fª, lbg]z / c¿ w]/} ;fyLx¿ e]6L . p;sf ;fyLx¿ sf]xL
;v' ]{tsf lyP . sf]xL eg] ks' f]{6sf lyP . sf]xL t Rofªnª' sf,
sf]xL Dofªnª' sf lyP . sf]xL w'Gr]sf / sf]xL ws' f]{6sf lyP .
ahf/df o;/L w]/} ;fyL e]l6Fbf ldª\df k'm?Ss eO{ . t/ ahf/sf]
xNnf, wj' fF / wn' fn] eg] pm w'?Ss eO{ . p;nfO{ xf6ahf/
u'nfasf] k"mnh:t} nfUof] . un' fasf] 8fnLdf k"mn;Fu} sfF8f klg
xG' 5g\ .
k|Zgx¿ M
s_ dflysf] kf7af6 kfFr hgf dfG5]sf gfd n]v M

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
v_ dflysf] kf7af6 kfFr cf]6f 7fpFsf gfd n]v M

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
u_ ldª\df lsg k'm?Ss k/L <

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
-3_ ldª\dfnfO{ xf6ahf/ s:tf] nfUof] <

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

36 /fdf| ] gk] fnL sIff @

Jofs/0f;DaGwL cEof;

!= hf8] f ldnfpm M

k'm?Ss ?g'

w'?w?' kg{'

d';'d';' 5'g'

:jf“:jf“ af]Ng'

asas x'g'

5\jf:; xf“:g'

@= pbfx/0fdf lbPh:t} u/L zAb agfpm M

;'v]{t] – ;v' ]{t Rofª\nª' \u] ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

k'sf]{6] ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ Dofª\nª' \u] ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

#= l7s ;jg{ fd /fv M

s_ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ahf/ hfG5' . -d, xfdL_

v_ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ahf/ hfG5f}“ . -xfdL, ltdL_

u_ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ahf/ hfG5f} . -xfdL, ltdL_

3_ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ahf/ hfG5 . -pm, d_

ª_ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ahf/ hfg'xG' 5 . -ltdL, tkfO{“_

r_ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ahf/ hfG5g\ . -pm, pgLx¿_

$= jfSo agfpm M

d, xfdL, t“, Tof], pm, ltgLx¿

37/fdf| ] g]kfnL sIff @

cEof;leqsf] kf7

ldª\df M gd:t] sfsf †
/fdbofn M gd:t] ldª\df . ltdL

klg ahf/ cfPsL <
sf];u“ <
ldªd\ f M xf] t sfsf †
;fyLx¿;u“ cfPsL .
/fdbofn M ahf/ s:tf] nfUof]
t<
ldªd\ f M /dfOnf] nfUof]
sfsf . ahf/df t
dfG5] klg slt xb“' f /x]5g\ †
/fdbofn M clg ltdLn] ahf/df s;s;nfO{ e]6o\ f} t <
ldª\df M w/] } 7fp“af6 cfPsf ;fyLx¿nfO{ e]6“] . ws' f6]{ / k'sf]{6af6
cfPsf, Dofªn\ 'ª / w'Gra] f6 cfPsf ;fyLx¿nfO{ klg e]6]“ .
/fdbofn M To;f] eP t ltdLnfO{ w/] } /dfOnf] eof] xfn] f x} <
ldª\df M xh'/ sfsf † t/ w'jf“ / wn' fn] rflx“ w?' Ss} kf¥of] .

!= cEof;leqsf] kf7 bO' { hgf ldn]/ k9 .

@= pxL cy{ lbg] zAb kf7af6 vf]h]/ nv] M

xf6 M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ldq M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

gd:sf/ M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ dflg; M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

:yfg M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ cfgGb M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

38 /fd|f] g]kfnL sIff @

#= ;fOgf] hgfpg] ;ft cf]6f zAb nv] M
sfsf ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
$= pQ/ nv] M

s_ ldª\dfn] ahf/df s;nfO{ gd:t] u/L <
v_ ldª\df sf];“u ahf/ cfPsL /lx5 <
u_ ldª\dfnfO{ ahf/ s:tf] nfUof] <
3_ ldª\dfn] ahf/df s;s;nfO{ e]6L <
ª_ ldª\dfnfO{ s]n] w'?Ss kf¥of] <
%= pbfx/0f x/] L gof“ zAb agfpm M

w'sf]{6 ± P ÒÒÒÒÒsÒfÒ] Ò] ÒÒ

k'sf]{6 ± P ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
w/fg ± P ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
g]kfn ± O{ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
hfkfg ± O{ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
emfkf ± nL ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
^= tnsf zAb -lgkft_ /fvL jfSo agfpm M
t M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
x} M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
kf] M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

39/fd|f] gk] fnL sIff @

;fd"lxs lqmofsnfk

õ ltdf| sIffsf rf/ hgf ;fyLsf] gfd nv] . ca tL ;fyLx¿;“u
pgLx¿sf PsPs hgf ;fyLsf] gfd ;fw] -ltdf| ;fyLsf ;fyLx¿ cs}{
:s'ndf k9\g] xg' 'k5{ ._ / nv] M

;fyLsf] gfd ;fyLsf ;fyLsf] gfd

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

l;hg{ fTds n]vg

!= ltdL s'g} ahf/ uPsf] xg' k' 5{ . ca tnsf kZ| gx¿sf] pQ/ nv] M
s_ ltdL uPsf] ahf/sf] gfd s] xf] <
v_ ltdL Tof] ahf/ slxn] uof} <
u_ Tof] ahf/ 7n' f] lyof] ls ;fgf] <
3_ ltdL sf];“u Tof] ahf/ uPsf lyof} <
ª_ ltdLn] Tof] ahf/df s] lsGof} <
r_ ltdLnfO{ Tof] ahf/ s:tf] nfUof] <

@= dfly n]v]sf pQ/sf cfwf/df Ps cgR' 5]b n]v .

40 /fd|f] g]kfnL sIff @

kf7 %

ljBfnoaf6 kmsk{] l5

kf7 ;'? ug'{cl3

õ dflysf lrqx¿ sg' kl5 sg' xg' 'knf{ < 5nkmn u/L klxnfnfO{ !,
bf;] f| nfO{ @, t];|fnfO{ # / clGtdnfO{ $ nv] .

zAb / cy{

u[xsfo{ – 3/sf] sfd emfª – ‰ofDd k/]sf] ?v
l;Gsf] – sf7sf dl;gf 6²' f an] f – ;do

n'sfdf/L – ns' ]/ v]lng] v]n 5Ng – em'Sofpg

w'gdf – ;/' df lgwf] – lg0f{o

l;:gf] – 5'Fbf kf]Ng] Ps lsl;dsf] emf/

41/fdf| ] gk] fnL sIff @

dn" kf7

ljBfnoaf6 kmsk{] l5

d/] f] ;fgf] efOn] sIffdf k]lG;n x/fP5 . k]lG;n x/fPkl5 pm
lgs} 8/fof] . 3/df cfdfn] ufnL ug{'x'G5 eGg] 8/ lyof] . 3/
ku' k] l5 vfhf vfof}“ . u[xsfo{ ug{] an] f eof] . efOn] 8/fO8{ /fO{
cfdfnfO{ k]lG;n x/fPsf] s/' f atfof] .

cfdf d;' S' s xf“:ge' of] . efOsf] cg'xf/ klg pHofnf] eof] . cfdfn]
efOnfO{ csf]{ kl] G;n lbge' of] .

u[xsfo{ ul/;sk] l5 xfdL vN] g yfNof“} . efOn] ns' fdf/L vn] f}“
eGof] . klxn] d ns' “] . efOn] vf]HbfvfH] bf u¥of] . d afv|fsf

vf]/k5fl8 n'ss] L
lyP“ . d}n] …emKkfÚ
eGg} gkfO{ efOn]
b]lvxfNof] . ca nS' g]
kfnf] efOsf] lyof] .

d uGg yfn]“ – Ps,
bO' ,{ tLg, rf/, kf“r,
5, ;ft ====== . dn} ]
;o gk¥' ofO{ efOn]
…eof]Ú eGof] . d
efOnfO{ vf]Hg yfn]“ .

42 /fd|f] gk] fnL sIff @

dnfO{ 5Ng efO n'St} /x5] . nS' g] w'gdf p;n] l;:gfsf] emfª klg
la;{5] . p;n] l;:gfsf] emfªnfO{ 5fO] xfn]5 . l;:gfn] kf]lnxfNof] .
efO æcfTy'y' † cfTyy' ' †Æ eGb} lgl:sof] . d}n] efOnfO{ bl] vxfn]“ .
efOn] ns' fdf/L gvN] g] eGof] . To;kl5 xfdL l;Gsfn] 'sfO v]Ng
yfNof}“ . v]Nbfv]Nb} ;f“em k¥of] . cfh olt g} vN] g] lgwf] u¥of“} . xfdL
wf/fdf xftv6' 6\ f kvfNg uof}“ . efO k]ml/ æcfTyy' ' † cfTyy' ' †Æ ug{
yfNof] . ns' fdf/L v]Nbf l;:gfn] kf]n]sf] 7fp“df kfgLn] leh]5 .
:sn' af6 kmsk]{ l5 xfdL ;w}“ o:t} v]nx¿ vN] 5f}“ . slxn] ef“8fs6' L
vN] 5f“} . slxn] k'tnL v]N5f}“ . slxn] ?dfnn'sfO v]N5f“} . vn] v]Nbf
/dfOnf] x'G5 . vN] ge' Gbf cl3 xfdL cfºgf] ux[ sfo{ ul/;S5f}“ .
laxfg rflx“ xfdL kf7x¿ k9\5f}“ .

43/fd|f] gk] fnL sIff @

zAbe08f/;DaGwL cEof;

!= tnsf zAbx¿ k9 / sfkLdf ;f/ M

u[xsfo{ d;' 'Ss xf“:ge' of] n's]F ul/;s]kl5 n'sfdf/L
vf]Hbfvf]Hbf cfTy'y' kf]lnxfNof] yk' f¥of}“ laxfg rflx“

@= tn cy{ 5g\ . l7s zAb /fvL zAbsf cy{ agfpm . tL zAbsf cy{

k9 M

ÒÒÒÒÒÒ – 3/sf] sfd l;Gsf]

ÒÒÒÒÒÒ – ns' ]/ v]lng] v]n emfª
ÒÒÒÒÒÒ – ;'/df l;:gf]
ÒÒÒÒÒÒ – 5'“bf kf]Ng] Ps lsl;dsf] emf/ wg' df
ÒÒÒÒÒÒ – ‰ofDd k/]sf] ?v ns' fdf/L
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