Ramro Nepali 2

%= l7s pQ/ 5fg M

s_ efOn] s] x/fP5 < -lstfa, emf]nf, k]lG;n_

v_ pgLx¿n] 3/ uPkl5 s] vfP < -vfhf, eft, ef]h_

u_ efOn] s] v]nf}“ eGof] < -u66\ L, ns' fdf/L, km6' an_

3_ efOnfO{ s]n] kf]Nof] < -af“;n], sf7n], l;:gfn]_

ª_ l;:gfn] kf]n]kl5 efOn] s] eGof] < -cfTyy' '–cfTyy' '
P]of–P]of, cfxf–cfxf_

^= pQ/ bp] m M

s_ efO lsg 8/fof] <

v_ efOsf] cg'xf/ lsg pHofnf] eof] <

u_ efOn] lsg ns' fdf/L gv]Ng] eGof] <

3_ l;Gsf]n'sfO v]Ng pgLx¿n] s] u/] <

ª_ pgLx¿ v]Nge' Gbf cufl8 s] u5{g\ <

&= tnsf jfSox¿df !, @, # ========== lbP/ j|md ldnfO{ nv] M

- _ xfdLn] wGojfb kfof}“ .

- _ xfdL rf}/df e]nf eof}“ .

- _ lht xfd|f] eof] .

- _ ;a}sf] esG' 8f] v]Ng] ;Nnfx eof] .

- _ xfdLn] esG' 8f] /fd|/L v]Nof}“ .

*= dfly jm| d ldnfPsf jfSo cg'R5b] df n]v / es'G8f] zLifs{ /fv .

46 /fdf| ] g]kfnL sIff @

Jofs/0f;DaGwL cEof;

!= kf7af6 …kl5Ú / …nfO{Ú nfu]sf b'Ob{ O' { zAb vfh] ]/ n]v .

@= pbfx/0fdf lbPh:t} u/L jfSo agfpm / k9 M

t“ ns' \ . ltdL ns' .

n's\–n's ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

a;\–a; ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

k9\–k9 ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

n]v\–n]v ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

eg\–eg ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

#= tnsf zAbx¿ pRrf/0f u/ / cy{ ae' m M

;fyL–;f7L, kf6L–kftL, df6f]–df]6f], kfnf]–6fnf]

$= tnsf zAbnfO{ cª\sdf nv] M

kf“r ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ c7f/ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

;}“lt; ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ k}“tfln; ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

krf; ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ pglGt; ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

%= tnsf cª\snfO{ cIf/df n]v M

( ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ !$ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

@% ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ #% ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

$$ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ^! ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

** ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ($ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

47/fd|f] gk] fnL sIff @

cEof;leqsf] kf7

d ljBfnoaf6 kms]{kl5 ;aeGbf klxn] n'uf k]m5{' . To;kl5 xftv'6\6f
wf]P/ vfhf vfG5' . vfhf vfO;sk] l5 Ps l5g vN] 5' . To;kl5 Ps
306f hlt u[xsfo{ ug{ yfN5' . u[xsfo{ l56f] ;lsof] eg] Ps l5g kf7
k95\ ' . ToltGhn] df cW“ of/f] eO;ss] f] xG' 5 . cfdfn] vfgf ksfpg] an] f
klg eO;s]sf] x'G5 . To;}n] d cfdfnfO{ ;fgf;fgf sfd ;3fp5“ ' . To;
;dodf d slxn]sfxL l6eLdf sf6{g' klg x]5'{ . vfgf vfO;sk] l5 ;'Tg
hfG5' .
!= cEof;leqsf] kf7sf] ;'?sf rf/ cf]6f jfSo lzIfsn] eGgx' 'G5 .

ltdL ;'g]/ nv] . uNtL eP kf7 x]//] cfk“}m ;Rofpm .
@= cEof;leqsf] kf7 k|:6;uF k9 .
#= ca cfpg] 5'66\ Ldf ltdL ss] ] u5f}{ < sIffsf ;fyLx¿nfO{ ;'gfpm .

48 /fd|f] gk] fnL sIff @

$= tnsf zAbx¿ :ki6;Fu pRrf/0f u/ M

ljBfno kms]{kl5 To;kl5 xftv6' \6f uxsfo{

ToltGh]n cFWof/f] ;3fpF5' sf6'{g x]5'{

%= tnsf zAbx¿sf] pN6f] cy{ lbg] zAb kf7af6 vf]h/] n]v M

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ – clxn] ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ – pHofnf]

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ – l9nf] ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ – 7'nf7'nf

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ – p7\g ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ – ;lsPg

^= cEof;leqsf] kf7sf cfwf/df tnsf s/' fx¿nfO{ jm| ddf ldnfP/
/fv M

- _ u[xsfo{ ug]{ - _ ;'Tg]

- ! _ nu' f k]mg]{ - _ ;fgf;fgf sfd ;3fpg]

- _ vfhf vfg] - _ l6eL x]g]{

&= ltdL 3/sf] s]s] sfd u5f}{ < s'g} rf/ cf]6f sfd nv] M

s_ d d]/f] ?dfn cfkm}F wG' 5' .

v_ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

u_ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

3_ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

ª_ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

*= pbfx/0f x]/L tnsf zAbx¿nfO{ bf]xf]¥ofP/ gof“ zAb agfpm M

;fgf] – ;fgf;fgf 7'nf] – ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

/fd|f] – ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ cUnf] – ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

ld7f] – ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ lrNnf] – ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

49/fdf| ] gk] fnL sIff @

;fdl" xs lqmofsnfk

kf“r hgfsf] ;d"x ag . ca cfºgf] ;d"xsf ;fyLx¿ 3/df ss] ] vN] 5g\ <
Pscfk;df ;fw] f;f]w u/ . clg cfºgf] ;dx" sf] ;a} hgfsf] gfd nv] .
gfd;u“ } cfk"mn] 3/df vN] g] PsPs cf]6f v]nsf] gfd klg nv] M

gfd v]nsf] gfd

dgf]h ns' fdf/L

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

l;h{gfTds n]vg

ljBfnoaf6 3/ kms{k] l5 ltdL ss] ] u5f}{ < kf“r5 jfSodf n]v M
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

50 /fd|f] gk] fnL sIff @

kf7 ^

afafsf] lrq

kf7 ;'? ug{'cl3

õ dflysf] vfnL 7fp“df ltdLnfO{ dg kg]{ sg' } s'/fsf] lrq agfpm .

zAb / cy{

k'm?Ss – dVvÙ bª\uÙ v;' L lrq – gS;f

;f/} – w]/}Ù lgs} clkm; – sfof{no

51/fd|f] gk] fnL sIff @

d"n kf7

afafsf] lrq

d]/L alxgLsf] gfd gd' f xf] . pm kf“r jifs{ L 5] . p;nfO{ lrq agfpg
;f/} dg k5{ . a'afn] p;nfO{ w/] } /ªsf kl] G;nx¿ NofOlbge' Psf]
5 . pm d/] f] sfkLdf tL k]lG;nx¿n] lrq sf]l//xG5] . slxn]
dfG5]sf] lrq agfp“5] . slxn] 3/sf] lrq agfp5“ ] . slxn] uf8L /
k"mnsf] lrq agfp“5] . xfdL p;nfO{ …ltd|f] lrq slt /fd|fÚ] eG5f}“ .
pm km' ?Ss k5{] .
cfh laxfg} p;n] a'afsf] lrq agfO{ . To;kl5 nf6fs] f];/] fnfO{
nu]/ bv] fp“b} ;f]wL, æof] d/] f] afafsf] lrq . s:tf] 5 <Æ
nf6fs] f];]/fn] /fd/| L x]¥of] / eGof,] æ/fd|f] 5 † t/ cfv“ f cln
;fgf eP lg .Æ

52 /fdf| ] g]kfnL sIff @

g'dfn] cfºgf] k]lG;nn] cf“vf 7'nf] kf/L . clg v/fof]nfO{
nu]/ b]vfp“b} ;f]wL, æd}n] agfPsf] afafsf] lrq s:tf] 5 <Æ
v/fof] lrq xb] }{ dVv k¥of] / eGof,] æw/] } /fd|f] † t/ sfg rflx“
cln 5f6] f eP lg †Æ
g'dfn] lrqsf] sfg nfdf]nfdf] / 7f8f] kf/L . To;kl5 xfQLnfO{
nu/] bv] fO{ / ;fw] L, æxfQL bfO † of] dn} ] agfPsf] d]/f] afafsf]
lrq † s:tf] nfUof] <Æ
xfQLn] Wofg lbP/ x¥] of] / eGof], æcfxf, slt /fdf| ] † t/ gfs
rflx“ 5f6] f] eof] lg †Æ
gd' fn] tTsfn} gfs nfdf] kf/L . To;kl5 bf8} ]/ a'afsxf“ uO{ / egL
æafaf, of] dn} ] agfPsf] tkfO{s“ f] lrq † s:tf] nfUof] <Æ
lrq x]/]/ v;' L xb“' } aa' fn] eGge' of,] æcfxf 5f]/L † s:tf] /fdf| ] †Æ

aa' fn] alxgLn] agfPsf] lrq
9f]sfdf 6f“:ge' of] . alxgL
v';L eO{ .
Ps l5gkl5 cfdf clkm;af6
3/ cfOkU' g'eof] . alxgLn]
cfdfnfO{ 9f]sfg]/ tfGb} nuL
/ egL, æx]g;{' \ t cfdf † dn} ]
agfPsf] afafsf] lrq †Æ
alxgLn] agfPsf] lrq bv] /]
cfdf d/Ld/L xf“:g'eof] .
To;kl5 xfdL ;a} xf“:of}“ .

53/fd|f] g]kfnL sIff @

zAbe08f/;DaGwL cEof;

!= tnsf zAbx¿ pRrf/0f u/ / sfkLdf ;f/ M

km' ?Ss, nf6f]sf];]/f], 7f8f], gfs, d/Ld/L, x]g{';\, xf“:of}“, dVv

@= tnsf kbfjnL / cy{sf] hf8] f ldnfpm M

;f/} dg kg'{ lrq agfpg'

lrq sf]g'{ l;wf kfg{'

km' ?Ss kg'{ a]:;/L xf“:g'

7f8f] kfg'{ w]/} dg kg{'

d/Ld/L xf“:g' v';L xg' '

#= sg' /ªsf] x'G5, n]v M

s_ cfsfz ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

v_ ?jf ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

u_ 3f“; ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

3_ /ut ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

ª_ skfn ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

$= pN6f] cy{ nv] M

t];f]{ – ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ nfdf] – ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

bM' vL – ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ 7]Ng' – ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

PSn} – ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ psfnf] – ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

k|Zg – ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ pSsfpg' – ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

cl3 – ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ hfg' – ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

54 /fdf| ] g]kfnL sIff @

afw] / cleJolSt;DaGwL cEof;

!= dflysf] kf7 lzIfsn] k9g\ x' G' 5 . ltdL Wofgkj" s{ ;'g .

@= kf7af6 rGb|laGb' nfu]sf zAbx¿ l6k M

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

#= s;n] eg]sf] xf], n]v M

s_ /fd|f] 5 † t/ cfFvf cln ;fgf eP lg † ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

v_ cfxf, slt /fd|f] † t/ gfs rflxF 5f]6f] eof] lg † ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

u_ x]g{';\ t cfdf † d}n] agfPsf] afafsf] lrq † ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

3_ w]/} /fd|f] † t/ sfg rflxF cln 5f]6f] eof] lg † ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

ª_ cfxf 5f]/L † s:tf] /fd|f] † ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

$= pQ/ b]pm M

s_ alxgL s]s]sf lrq agfp5] <

v_ nf6f]sf];]/fn] alxgLnfO{ s] eGof] <

u_ sfg nfdfnfdf / 7f8f] agfpg] ;Nnfx s;n] lbof] <

3_ afafn] lrq sxf“ 6f“:g'eof] <

ª_ cfdf lsg d/Ld/L xf“:ge' of] <

%= alxgLn] agfPsf] lrq s:tf] 5 < kf“r jfSodf j0f{g u/ .

55/fd|f] g]kfnL sIff @

^= tnsf jfSonfO{ !, @, # n]vL j|md ldnfpm M
- _ alxgLn] xfQLnfO{ ;f]w]/ gfs nfdf] agfO{ .
- _ alxgLn] afafsf] lrq agfO{ / nf6f]sf];]/fnfO{ b]vfO{ .
- _ nf6f]sf];]/fn] cf“vf ;fgf eP eGof] .
- _ v/fof]n] sfg 5f]6f eP eGof] .
- _ alxgLn] sfg nfdfnfdf / 7f8f kf/L clg xfQL;“u uO{ .
- _ alxgLn] cf“vf 7n' f kf/]/ v/fof]nfO{ b]vfO{ .
- _ clGtddf alxgL afaf;“u uO{ / cfºgf] lrq b]vfO{ .
- _ afafn] lrq 9f]sfdf 6f“:ge' of] .
- _ afaf lrq b]v]/ v';L xg' e' of] .
- _ alxgLn] agfPsf] lrq b]v]/ cfdf d/Ld/L xf“:g'eof] .
- _ cfdf clkm;af6 cfpg'eof] .
- _ alxgLn] cfdfnfO{ afafsf] lrq b]vfO{ .

&= ltdLn] !, @, # ===== n]v]sf jfSo cg'R5]bdf sfkLdf ;f/ . ca
alxgLn] agfPsf] lrq eGg] zLif{s /fv .

*= tnsf] kf7 k9 M
sdnn] s~rgk/' sf sfsfnfO{ sf]6\ofof] . sfsfn] sdnnfO{ lsg
sf]6\ofPsf] sfG5f eGge' of] . sdnn] sfg sf]6\ofpFb} sfsfnfO{
s/];flt/ b]vfof] . s/];fdf sqfsqf sldnf sl' b/x]sf lyP .

(= kZ| g * sf] kf7df ko| f]u ePsf …sÚ af6 ;'? xg' ] zAb n]v M
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

56 /fd|f] gk] fnL sIff @

Jofs/0f;DaGwL cEof;

!= pbfx/0fdf h:t} zAb agfpm M

xf“;\ – xf“:of}“ ? – ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

x]/\ – ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ k9\ – ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

n]v\ – ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ eg\ – ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

@= xfd|f] z/L/sf b; cf6] f cªu\ sf gfd n]v .

#= s] elgG5 < nv] M

lrq agfpg] ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

clkm;df sfd ug]{ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

n'uf l;pg] ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

cfºgf] snf b]vfpg] ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

ljBfyL{ k9fpg] ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

la/fdLsf] pkrf/ ug]{ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

kqklqsfdf ;dfrf/ n]Vg] ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

$= kf7af6 -<_ / -†_ lrGx ePsf jfSo vf]h/] n]v .

%= lrq agfpg s]s] rflxG5 < gfd nv] .

^= gfd nv] M

s_ lbp“;f] cf“vf gb]Vg] r/f] ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

v_ ;'“8 nfdf] ePsf] hgfj/ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

u_ ;;+ f/sf] 7'nf] r/f] ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

3_ Pp6f dfq l;ª x'g] hgfj/ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

ª_ gf} cf]6f /ª ePsf] r/f] ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

r_ Kjf“v lk“mhfP/ gfRg] r/f] ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

57/fdf| ] g]kfnL sIff @

cEof;leqsf] kf7

d]/f] efOsf] gfd ou' xfª xf] . pm rf/ jif{sf] 5 . pm clxn] Pnsh] Ldf
k9\5 . pm lrq sfg] { ;f/} dg k/fp5“ . p;nfO{ cfdfn] hGdlbgdf Ps
a6\6f /ª\uLg k]lG;n lbge' of] . pm tL kl] G;nx¿n] ljleGg vfn] lrq
agfp“5 . pm w]/}h;f] dfG5]sf] lrq agfp“5 . dfG5] agfp“bf klxn] Pp6f
uf]nf] cfsf/ agfp“5 . To;kl5 Pp6f nfdf] 7f8f] wsf{] sf5] { . Tof]
wsfs{ f] lardf Pp6f t;] f]{ wsf]{ tfG5 . wsfs{ f] k5' f/af6 b'O{k6\l6 kms{s] f
58s\ ] wsf{x¿ tfG5 . o;/L pm dfG5]sf] lrq agfp5“ .
!= cEof;leqsf] kf7 dgdg} k9 .
@= dflysf] kf7af6 /]km - { _ nfus] f rf/ cf]6f zAb n]v M

jif{ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
#= tnsf wsf{x¿ x]/L l7s zAb 5fg]/ e/

7f8f], afªuf]l6ª\uf], uf]nf], 58\s], t];f]{

58 /fdf| ] gk] fnL sIff @

$= tnsf] vfnL 7fpFdf o'uxfªn] h;/L dfG5s] f] lrq agfpm M

%= cEof;leqsf] kf7 k9L Ps zAbdf pQ/ n]v M

s_ o'uxfª w]/}h;f] s]sf] lrq agfp“5 < ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

v_ o'uxfªn] agfpg] dfG5]sf] lrqdf ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
uf]nf] cfsf/ s] xf]nf <

u_ ou' xfªn] agfpg] dfG5]sf] lrqdf ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
7f8f] wsf]{ s] xf]nf <

3_ o'uxfªn] agfpg] dfG5]sf] lrqdf ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
t];f]{ wsf]{ s] xf]nf <

ª_ o'uxfªn] agfpg] dfG5]sf] lrqdf b'O{k6\l6

kms]{sf 58\s] wsf{x¿ s] xf]nfg\ < ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

^= pbfx/0f x/] L k|Zg hgfpg] jfSo agfpm M

d]/f] efOsf] gfd o'uxfª xf] . -s]_ d]/f] efOsf] gfd s] xf] <

s_ ou' xfª rf/ jif{sf] 5 . -slt_ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

v_ ou' xfª ufp“df a:5 . -sxf“_ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

u_ ou' xfª lrq agfp“5 . -s]_ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

3_ ou' xfª dfG5]sf] lrq agfp“5 . -sf]_ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

59/fd|f] g]kfnL sIff @

;fd"lxs lqmofsnfk

õ rf/ hgf ;fyLnfO{ pgLx¿sf cfdf / aa' fsf] gfd ;fw] . To;kl5
tn bv] fPh:t} u/L nv] M
dgf]hsL cfdfsf] gfd k0" f{snf ltjf/L xf] .
dgf]hsf aa' fsf] gfd wd{k|;fb ltjf/L xf] .

l;hg{ fTds n]vg

!= ltdL| cfdfsf af/]df b; cf]6f jfSo nv] .
@= tnsf] sf]7fleq c6\g] u/L ltdL| cfdfsf] tl:a/ 6f“; . To;kl5

tnsf] vfnL 7fp“ e/ M

gfd M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
pd]/ M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
7]ufgf M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
/flz M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

60 /fd|f] g]kfnL sIff @

kf7 &

d/] f] ;fgf] efO

kf7 ;'? ugc{' l3

õ dflysf] afns s:tf] xfn] f < ltdLnfO{ nfus] f] s/' f lzIfsnfO{
;'gfpm .

õ s] ltd|f] efO 5 < 5 eg] pm s:tf] 5 < sIffdf ;'gfpm .

zAb / cy{

aa' 'dfd – bw' eft ufnL – xKsfpgÙ' s/fpg'

1fgL – c;nÙ eg]sf] dfGg] hftL – c;nÙ 1fgL

emN] nf – em]nL

61/fdf| ] g]kfnL sIff @

d"n kf7 –k|ef e66\ /fO{

d/] f] ;fgf] efO

;a} hgf /fdf| –] /fd|f]
eG5g\ dnfO{
deGbf lg /fd|f] 5
d]/f] ;fgf] efO .

g'xfpb“ f v';L xG' 5
gª 6f]Sbg}
cfk}“m vfG5 aa' d' fd
slQ kfV] bg} .

;a} hgf /fdf| –] /fdf| ]
eG5g\ dnfO{
deGbf lg /fd|f] 5
d]/f] ;fgf] efO .

62 /fd|f] gk] fnL sIff @

;a} hgf 1fgL–1fgL
eG5g\ dnfO{
deGbf lg 1fgL 5
d]/f] ;fgf] efO .

/dfp“b} vN] 5 ;w}“
em] Nnf ub{}g
afcfdfn] pNnfO{
ufnL ug}{ kbg}{ .

;a} hgf hftL–hftL
eG5g\ dnfO{
deGbf lg hftL 5
d/] f] ;fgf] efO .

63/fd|f] gk] fnL sIff @

zAbe08f/;DaGwL cEof;

!= tnsf zAb ;'g/] nv] M

gx' fp“bf, gª, aa' d' fd, slQ, 1fgL, e]mNnf

@= kf7df zAb 5g\ . cy;{ “u ldNg] zAb cfk“}m vf]h/] n]v M

¬¬¬¬¬¬ – bw' eft ¬¬¬¬¬¬ – c;nÙ egs] f] dfGg]

¬¬¬¬¬¬ – e]mnL ¬¬¬¬¬¬ – xKsfpgÙ' s/fpg'

#= g/fd|f / /fd|f afgL 5'66\ f56' 6\ } nv] M

gª 6f]Sg', emu8f ug{', ;a};“u ldNg', eg]sf] dfGg', w]/} l6eL x]g'{,
;dodf cfºgf] sfd ug'{, w]/} ;T' g', laxfg ;a]/} p7\g', ugug
ug{', ;kmf;'Uu/ ug'{

$= s] gftf k5{ < eg M

s_ aa' fsf efO ¬¬¬¬¬ ª_ bfhs' f] 5f]/f] ¬¬¬¬¬

v_ cfdfsf bfh' ¬¬¬¬¬ r_ alxgLsL 5f]/L ¬¬¬¬¬

u_ a'afsf aa' f ¬¬¬¬¬ 5_ sfsfsf] 5f]/f] ¬¬¬¬¬

3_ cfdfsL cfdf ¬¬¬¬¬ h_ lbbLsf >Ldfg\ ¬¬¬¬¬

%= hf8] f ldnfpm M

aa' ' nu' f 7'nL s's/'

dfd t]n cfO“ skfn sf]g{'

kfkf bw' km' O{ gd:sf/

gfgf eft sfO“sf]/L cfuf]

t]t] ld7fO{ cfRr] e}“;L

64 /fdf| ] g]kfnL sIff @

afw] / cleJolSt;DaGwL cEof;

!= dflysf] sljtf lzIfsn] no xfn/] k9g\ 'xG' 5 . lzIfsn] k9\g'xbF' f
Wofgk"j{s ;'g . To;kl5 tn atfPcg;' f/ no xfn/] k9 M
s_ lzIfsnfO{ k5\ofpFb}
v_ lzIfslagf sIffsf ;a}n] ldn]/
u_ sIffsf cfwf ljBfyL{n] ldn]/
3_ tLgtLg hgfsf] ;dx" ldn]/
ª_ PSnfPSn}

@= ltdLnfO{ s07:y ePsf] sg' } Pp6f afnsljtf no xfn]/ ;g' fpm .
#= vfnL 7fp“ e/L sljtf k"/f u/ M

;a} hgf ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

eG5g\ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

dÒÒÒÒÒÒ lg ÒÒÒÒÒ 5

ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ;fgf] ÒÒÒÒÒÒ .

gx' fp“bf ÒÒÒÒÒÒ xG' 5
ÒÒÒÒÒÒ 6f]Sb}g
ÒÒÒÒÒÒ vfG5 ÒÒÒÒÒÒ
slQ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ .
$= sljtfsf kª\lStnfO{ jfSosf] jm| ddf n]v M
;a} hgf /fd|f]–/fd|f] eG5g\ dnfO{
– dnfO{ ;a} hgf /fd|f]–/fd|f] eG5g\ .

65/fdf| ] g]kfnL sIff @

s_ deGbf lg /fd|f] 5 d]/f] ;fgf] efO .
v_ cfk}“m vfG5 aa' d' fd .
u_ ;a} hgf 1fgL–1fgL eG5g\ dnfO{ .
3_ deGbf lg 1fgL 5 d]/f] ;fgf] efO .
ª_ ;a} hgf hftL–hftL eG5g\ dnfO{ .
r_ deGbf lg hftL 5 d]/f] ;fgf] efO .
%= pQ/ bp] m M
s_ deGbf sf] /fd|f] 5 <
v_ efO s] ubf{ v';L x'G5 <
u_ efO aa' d' fd vf“bf s] ub}{g <
3_ efO v]Nbf s] ub}{g <
ª_ efOnfO{ afcfdfn] s] ug{'kb}{g <
^= efOsf /fdf| afgL s]s] x'g\ < n]v .
&= ltdf| /fd|f afgLx¿ s]s] 5g\ < kfFr cf6] f /fdf| afgLx¿ nv] M
s_ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
v_ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
u_ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
3_ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ª_ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

66 /fdf| ] gk] fnL sIff @

Jofs/0f;DaGwL cEof;

!= hf]8f ldnfpm M

d]/f] efOalxgL cfºgf] alxgL

d]/L efO cfºgL efOalxgL

d]/f alxgL cfºgf efO
@= tflnsfaf6 jfSo agfpm M

d]/f] efO k9\b} cfof] .

d]/L alxgL k9]/ cfOg\ .

d]/f efOalxgL v]Nb} cfP .

v]n]/

#= tn pQ/ 5g\ . ldNg] k|Zg agfpm M

s_ ¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬ <

d]/f] gfd clhtf xf] .

v_ ¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬ <

d b'O{ sIffdf k9\5' .

u_ ¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬ <

dnfO{ sljtf k9\g dg k5{ .

$= pbfx/0fdf lbPh:t} gof“ ljm| ofkb agfpm M

eG5g\ – eGb}gg\, k9\b}g – k9\5

s_ 5, x'G5, 6f]S5, kf]V5, v]N5, u5{, k5{

v_ xf]Og, 5}g, a:b}g, x]b}{g, cfPg, af]Nb}g, b]Vb}g

%= tnsf zAb bf]xf]¥ofP/ n]v M

;fgf – ;fgf;fgf

7n' f, j/, dfly, 1fgL, k9, n]v, ;'t

67/fdf| ] gk] fnL sIff @

cEof;leqsf] kf7

;a} hgf dnfO{ /fd|f] 5 eG5g\ . dnfO{ 1fgL /
hftL eG5g\ . t/ deGbf d]/f] efO /fd|f] 5 .
d/] f] efO deGbf 1fgL / hftL 5 . lsgeg]
pm g'xfp“bf v';L xG' 5 . pm slxn] gª 6fS] bg} .
vfg]s/' f cfkm} “ gkfv] Lsg vfG5 . pm vN] bf slxn]
klg em] Nnf ub}{g . p;nfO{ afcfdfn] slxn] ufnL
ug'k{ b}g{ . To;}n] dnfO{ d]/f] efO Hofb} /fd|f]
nfU5 . dnfO{ d]/f] efO 1fgL / hftL nfU5 .
ltdf| ] efO s:tf] 5 x“ < d]/f] efOh:t} 5 xf] <

!= ltd|f efO jf alxgL 5 < efO jf alxgL xg' ] ljBfyLn{ ] xft p7fcf] .
ca lzIfsn] xft p7fpg] ljBfyL{nfO{ kfn}kfnf] af]Ng lbgx' 'g5] . xft
p7fpg] ljBfyL{n] cfºgf efO jf alxgLsf af/]df atfpgk' g{]5 .

@= dflysf] kf7 cfjfh lgsfn]/ k9 .

#= tnsf zAbx¿sf] pN6f] cy{ cfpg] zAb nv] M

/fd|f] M ¬¬¬¬¬¬ 1fgL M ¬¬¬¬¬¬

hftL M ¬¬¬¬¬¬ ld7f] M ¬¬¬¬¬¬

$= tnsf zAbx¿nfO{ jfSodf ko| f]u u/ M

1fgL M ¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬

hftL M ¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬
em]Nnf M ¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬
ufnL M ¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬
v;' L M ¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬

68 /fdf| ] g]kfnL sIff @

%= cEof;leqsf] kf7 x]/L gldns] f] s/' f ;RofP/ ;f/ M
s_ d]/f] efO deGbf c1fgL / ghftL 5 .
v_ pm slxn] /f}“ 6f]Sb}g .
u_ dnfO{ afcfdfn] slxn] ufnL ug'{kb}{g .
3_ dnfO{ ltd|f] efO Hofb} 1fgL nfU5 .
ª_ ltd|f] efO sqf] 5 x“ <

^= pQ/ n]v M
s_ efO s:tf] 5 <
v_ efO slxn] v';L xG' 5 <
u_ efO vfg]s'/f s;/L vfG5 <
3_ efO v]Nbf em]Nnf u5{ ls ub}{g <
ª_ s] efOnfO{ slxn]sfxL ufnL ug{'k5{ <

&= pbfx/0f x/] L tnsf jfSox¿ abn M
d]/f] efO e]mNnf u5{ .
d]/f] efO e]mNnf ub}{g .

s_ d]/f] efO emu8f u5{ . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
v_ d]/f] efO ufnL vfG5 . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
u_ d]/f] efO :s'n hfG5 . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
3_ ltd|f] efO kf7 k9\5 . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ª_ cho syf n]V5 . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

69/fdf| ] gk] fnL sIff @

;fd"lxs lqmofsnfk

õ ltdf| ] sIffdf efO ePsf tLg hgf ;fyL kQf nufpm . pgLx¿nfO{
uP/ efOsf] gfd / pd/] ;fw] . ca tnsf] vfnL 7fp“ e/ M

;fyLsf] gfd ;fyLsf] efOsf] gfd efOsf] pd]/

¬¬¬¬¬¬ ¬¬¬¬¬¬ ¬¬¬¬¬¬

¬¬¬¬¬¬ ¬¬¬¬¬¬ ¬¬¬¬¬¬

¬¬¬¬¬¬ ¬¬¬¬¬¬ ¬¬¬¬¬¬

l;hg{ fTds nv] g

kf“r cf]6f /fdf| afgLx¿ nv] M
pbfx/0f M emu8f gug]{ afgL /fd|f] xf] .
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

70 /fdf| ] g]kfnL sIff @

kf7 *

ljlgtfsf ;fyLsf] cfgLafgL

kf7 ;'? ug{'cl3

õ dflysf] lrqx¿n] s]s:tf] efjx¿ ks| 6 u/s] f 5g\ . sIffdf 5nkmn
u/ .

-h:t}M /f]Psf], xf;F s] f,] l/;fPsf,] 8/fPsf,] cfglGbt, bM' vL, lrlGtt_

õ dflysf h:t} ljleGg db' |fsf dflg;x¿sf] cfsl[ t agfpm .

zAb / cy{

rf6k{ k] /– gS;f agfpg ldNg] afSnf] sfuh 5R' rf] – glgsf]

x8a8fP/ – xQktfP/Ù xtf/xtf/ u/]/ bf]if – cf/f]k

k|z+;f – aofgÙ tfl/kmÙ /fd|f] eGg' ;fdfg – j:t'
km6fxf – km6\ofOF ug]{Ù abdf;L ug]{ xQkQ – l56f]l56f]

71/fd|f] g]kfnL sIff @

d"n kf7

ljlgtfsf ;fyLsf] cfgLafgL

ljlgtf bO' { sIffdf k95\ ] . ljlgtfsf y'k|} ;fyLx¿ 5g\ . pgLx¿sf]
cfgLafgL km/skm/s 5 .
/d]z 5R' rf] 5 . pm ;fyLx¿;“u emu8f ul/xfN5 . t/ p;sf] k9fO
/fdf| ] 5 . pm vn] sb' df c;fWo} /fdf| ] 5 . pm v]ns'bdf hlxNo}
ky| d x'G5 .
;dfgtfsf] k9fO sdhf/] 5 . p;sf] ux[ sfo{ klg slxNo} k/" f xb“' g} .
;dfgtfsf ;fyLx¿ w/] } 5g\ . pm hlxNo} ;kmf nu' f nufp5“ ] . pm
;fyLx¿;“u ldn]/ a:5] .
ljKnjsf cIf/ g/fdf| 5g\ . p;sf cIf/ al' e“mbg} g\ . pm g} sIffdf
;a}eGbf klxnf sIffsfo{ ae' mfp5“ . p;sf lstfasfkL kmf6]sf

xG' 5g\ . p;sf ;6s{ f
6fs“ klg l5gs] f
xG' 5g\ . pm afN] bf klg
x8a9fP/ afN] 5 . pm

72 /fd|f] gk] fnL sIff @

k9fOdf tu8f 5 . p;nfO{ ul0ft ljifo Psbd} dg k5{ . pm k/]sf]
a]nfdf sIffdf ;an} fO{ ;xofu] u5{ . pm ;xofu] L 5 .
;fIfLnfO{ ul0ft ;f/} ufxf| ] nfU5 . p;sf yf]/} ;fyL 5g\ . pm
c¿;“u xQkQ af]lNbg . p;sf cIf/ Psbd} /fdf| 5g\ . p;nfO{
lrq agfpg dg k5{ . xfd|f] sIffdf 6f;“ ]sf rf6{kk] /df p;s}
cIf/ 5g\ . p;n] agfPsf] ufps“ f] gS;fsf] ;an} ] k|z+;f u5g{ \ .
p;nfO{ uLt ufpg / gfRg klg cfp“5 .
ljgf]b slxn]sfxLF dfq :s'n cfp5“ . pm cln km6fxf 5 . c¿sf
/fd|f ;fdfg bV] bf p;nfO{ nf]e nfU5 . sIffdf slxn]sfxL“ ;fdfg
x/fp“5g\ . p;n] ;fdfg rf]/]sf] x'b“ }g . ;fyLx¿ p;nfO{ g} bf]if
nufp5“ g\ . Ps lbg jGbgfn] snd x/fO5 . jGbgfn] ljgfb] nfO{
rf]/Lsf] cf/fk] nufO{ . jGbgf :sn' af6 3/ ku' L . jGbgfsf] snd
t 3/sf] 6]and} /x5] . ljgf]bn] slxn]sfxL“ o:tf] e'm6f] cf/fk] klg
vK] g'k5{ . ljgfb] sf y'k|} /fdf| afgL 5g\ . pm ;fyLx¿;u“ emu8f
ub{g} . p;sf cIf/ /fdf| 5g\ . ljgfb] gf6sdf /fd|/L vN] g ;S5 .

oxf“ ltdLn] ljlgtfsf
;fyLx¿sf] cfgLafgL
yfxf kfOxfNof} . ltdf|
;fyLx¿ rflx“ s:tf
5g\, x“ <

73/fd|f] g]kfnL sIff @

zAbe08f/;DaGwL cEof;

!= tnsf zAbx¿ k9 / /fd|f cIf/df sfkLdf ;f/ M

cfgLafgL, 5'Rrf], hlxNo}, kmf6]sf, ;6{, x8a8fP/, tu8f,
ul0ft, ufx|f], xQkQ, rf6{k]k/, km6fxf, cf/f]k

@= zAb / cy{sf] hf]8f ldnfpm M

rf6{k]k/ gS;f agfpg ldNg] afSnf] sfuh

x8a8fP/ aofgÙ tfl/kmÙ /fd|f] eGg'

k|z+;f xQktfP/Ù xtf/xtf/ u/]/

km6fxf sg' } s'/fsf] gSsn ug{'

gf6s km6\ofO“ ug]{Ù abdf;L ug]{

#= pxL cy{ lbg] zAbdf ufn] f] 3/] f - _ nufpm M

y'k|} yf]/} w]/} sd

5'Rrf] c;n 1fgL glgsf]

xQkQ l56f] l9nf] ca]/

bf]if ljif cf/f]k k|z;+ f

;fdfg j:t' ;f“em dfg

$= pN6f] cy{ lbg] zAbdf /]hf - á _ nufpm M

km/s a]Un} pxL cnu

;kmf /fd|f] c;n kmf]xf]/

sdhf]/ tu8f lga{lnof] /fd|f]

;xof]uL ldng;f/ c;xof]uL d]xgtL

em' 6f] ;To c;To cf/f]k

74 /fd|f] g]kfnL sIff @

afw] / cleJolSt;DaGwL cEof;

!= kf7sf cg'R5b] x¿ kfn}kfnf] k9 . ;fyLn] k9]sf an] f Wofg lbP/ ;g' .

@= kf7sf] t;] |f] cg'R5b] ;g' /] n]v .

#= kf7sf] rf}yf] cg'R5b] dgdg} k9 .

$= tnsf jfSox¿ s;sf af/d] f elgPsf x'g\ < lrg]/ gfd nv] M

s_ pm c¿;Fu xQkQ af]lNbg . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

v_ pm ;fyLx¿;Fu emu8f ul/xfN5 . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

u_ c¿sf /fdf| ;fdfg bV] bf p;nfO{ nfe] nfU5 . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

3_ p;sf lstfasfkL kmf6]sf x'G5g\ . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

ª_ pm hlxNo} ;kmf nu' f nufp5] . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

%= l7sa]l7s 5'6o\ fpm M

s_ ljlgtfsf ;a} ;fyLx¿sf] afgL Pp6} 5 . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

v_ /d]z v]Ng hfGb}g . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

u_ ;dfgtf ;a};“u ldn]/ a:5] . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

3_ ljKnj ;xof]uL 5 . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

ª_ ;fIfLnfO{ uLt ufpg / gfRg cfp“b}g . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
^= kf7sf] clGtdeGbf cufl8sf] cgR' 5b] k9]/ pQ/ bp] m M

s_ ljgf]bnfO{ s] b]Vbf nf]e nfU5 <
v_ ;fyLx¿ ljgf]bnfO{ s]sf] bf]if nufp“5g\ <

75/fd|f] g]kfnL sIff @

u_ ljgf]bsf cIf/ s:tf 5g\ <

3_ ljgf]bn] s:tf] cf/f]k v]Kgk' 5{ <

ª_ ljgf]b s]df /fd|/L v]Ng ;S5 <

&= pQ/ b]pm M

s_ ljlgtfsf ;fyLx¿sf] cfgLafgL s:tf] 5 <

v_ /d]z s]df k|yd x'G5 <

u_ ljKnjsf] dg kg]{ ljifo s'g xf] <

3_ ;fIfLn] agfPsf] ufp“sf] gS;f s:tf] 5 <

ª_ ljgf]bsf cIf/ s:tf 5g\ <

*= tnsf zAbx¿ k9 / ;o+ S' t cIf/ ePsf zAb hlt vfnL 7fpdF f
;f/ M

zAb ;+oS' t cIf/ k|of]u ePsf zAb

xTtkTt Ö xQkQ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

zlSt Ö zlQm ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

a'b\w Ö a'4 ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

ljb\ofyL{ Ö ljBfyL{ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

cª\s Ö cÍ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

rª\uf Ö r·f ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

xfTtL Ö xfQL ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

kb\d Ö kß ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

76 /fdf| ] gk] fnL sIff @

Jofs/0f;DaGwL cEof;

!= Ps zAbdf pQ/ b]pm M

s_ kf]xf]/ ltdL slt sIff lyof} < ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

v_ ltd|f slt hgf ;fyL lyP < ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

u_ ltd|f] sIff lzIfssf] gfd s] lyof] < ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

3_ klxnf] 306Ldf sg' ljifosf] kfnf] lyof] < ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

ª_ kf]xf]/ ltd|f] sIffdf slt hgf ljBfyL{ lyP < ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

@= tn pQ/ 5g\ . ldNg] kZ| g agfpm M

s_ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ <

– clxn] d sIff b'O{df k9\5' .

v_ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ <

d]/f sIff lzIfssf] gfd /d]z zdf{ xf] .

u_ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ <

klxnf] 306Ldf g]kfnL ljifosf] k9fO xG' 5 .

3_ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ <

clxn] d]/f] sIffdf hDdf k}Flt; hgf ljBfyL{ 5g\ .

#= t/ nufP/ jfSo hf]8L nv] M

s_ /d]z 5'Rrf] 5 . /d]z k|yd x'G5 .

/d]z 5'Rrf] 5 t/ pm k|yd x'G5 .

v_ ljKnjsf cIf/ g/fd|f 5g\ . ljKnj k9fOdf tu8f 5 .

u_ ;fIfLnfO{ ul0ft ufx|f] nfU5 . ;fIfL /fd|f] lrq agfp“5] .

3_ ljlgtfsf ;fyL w]/} 5g\ . ljlgtf ;a};“u af]lNbg .

77/fdf| ] g]kfnL sIff @

cEof;leqsf] kf7

:ofn / ;f/;n] ldt nufPsf lyP . Ps lbg :ofnn] cfÎgf] ldt
;f/;nfO{ efh] sf] lgDtf] lbof] .
;f/; efh] vfg :ofnsxf“ uof] . :ofnn] df5fsf] ;k' agfPsf] /x5] .
:ofnn] Tof] ;'k 7n' f] yfndf /fv/] ;f/;nfO{ lbof] . ;f/;sf] nfdf] r'Rrf]
ePsfn] yfnsf] ;k' vfg ;sg] . Tof] ;'k :ofnn] g} rf6]/ vfOlbof] .
;f/; ldtHos" f] efh] af6 ef]s} kmSof]{ .
csf{] lbg ;f/;n] klg :ofnnfO{ efh] sf] lgDtf] lbof] . ;f/;n] df;s' f] ;'k
agfPsf] /x]5 . p;n] Tof] ;k' ;'/fxLdf /fv/] :ofnnfO{ lbof] . ;/' fxLsf]
d'v ;fgf] ePsfn] :ofnn] ;k' vfg ;sg] . nfdf] rR' rf] ePsf] ;f/;n]
g} ;a} ;k' vfOlbof] . :ofn klg ldtHos" f] ef]haf6 ef]s} kms{gk' ¥of] .
!= cEof;leqsf] kf7 lzIfsn] ;'gfpg'xG' 5 . Wofg lbP/ ;'g .
@= cEof;leqsf] kf7 /fd|/L k9 .
#= cEof;leqsf] kf7sf] bf;] |f] cg'R5b] ;kmf cIf/df sfkLdf ;f/ .
$= tnsf zAb / ltgsf cy{lar hf]8f ldnfpm M

;f/; lgdGq0ff
lgDtf] emf]nÙ Ps lsl;dsf] t/n vfg]s/' f
;'k nfdf] rR' rf] / nfdfnfdf v6' \6f ePsf] r/f]

78 /fdf| ] g]kfnL sIff @

%= Ps zAbdf pQ/ n]v M

s_ :ofnn] s]sf] ;'k agfPsf] lyof] < ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

v_ :ofnn] ;'k s]df /fv]/ lbof] < ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

u_ ;f/;n] s]sf] ;k' agfPsf] lyof] < ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

3_ ;f/;n] ;'k s]df /fv]/ lbof] < ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

^= pbfx/0f x/] L gof“ zAb agfpm M

rf6\ ± P/ Ö rf6]/

e]6\ ± P/ Ö ¬¬¬¬¬

lx“8\ ± P/ Ö ¬¬¬¬¬

rf6\ ± g' Ö ¬¬¬¬¬

e]6\ ± g' Ö ¬¬¬¬¬

lxF8\ ± g' Ö ¬¬¬¬¬

&= cEof;leqsf] kf7af6 ldNg] zAb tflnsfdf e/ M

;Unf zAb cfwf cIf/, /k] m, rGb|laGb'
nfu]sf zAb

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

79/fdf| ] g]kfnL sIff @

;fdl" xs lqmofsnfk

õ tLgtLg hgfsf] ;d"x ag . ca x/]s ;d"xn] af/ cf]6f hgfj/ / 5
cf]6f r/fx¿sf] gfd n]v . s'g ;d"xn] ;ae} Gbf klxn] nl] v;Sof] <

hgfj/sf] gfd r/fsf] gfd

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¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬ ¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬ ¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬

¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬ ¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬ ¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬

¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬ ¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬ ¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬

¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬ ¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬ ¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬

l;hg{ fTds nv] g

õ ltdLnfO{ dg kg]{ hgfj/sf] lrq tnsf] vfnL 7fp“df 6f;“ . ca To;
lrqsf] af/d] f lt;kl}F t; zAbhlt n]v M
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

80 /fd|f] gk] fnL sIff @

kf7 (

/ft] Îofp/f] / v/fof]sf aRrfx¿

kf7 ;'? ugc{' l3

õ dflysf] lrq x]/L ltdLn] yfxf kfPsf s'/f eg .

zAb / cy{

/dfpbF } – v';L x'Fb} ysfO – ysfj6
wf]jm| f] – af]/f 3'g{ – ;'Tbf cfjfh lgsfn]/ ;f; km]g{'

emf8L – hª\un / ?vkft afSnf] ePsf] ld7\ofpg' – ld7f] agfpg'

7fpF tl;g{ ' – crfgs 8/fpg'

l;sf/ – hgfj/ dfg]{, ;dfpg] sfd

81/fd|f] g]kfnL sIff @

d"n kf7

/ft] Îofp/f] /
v/fof]sf aRrfx¿

v/fofs] f aRrfx¿ ns' fdf/L v]Nb} lyP . sf]xL nS' t} lyP . sf]xL
bf}8b“ } lyP . Pp6f rflx“ ;fyLx¿nfO{ vfH] b} lyof] . pgLx¿ emf8Ldf
/dfp“b} vl] n/xs] f lyP .
Pp6f Îofp/f] b]vf k¥of] . To;nfO{ ;a}n] /ft] eGy] . /ft] l;sf/
vf]Hg lx“8]sf] lyof] . p;n] Pp6f wfj] |mf] af]s]sf] lyof] . p;n]
v/fofs] f aRrfx¿ vN] b} u/s] f] bV] of] . pm emf8Lg]/ uof] . v/fof]sf
aRrfx¿nfO{ ;dfof] / wf]jm| fdf xfNof] . To;kl5 v';L eP/ cfÎgf]
af6f] nfUof] .
tnfpg]/ s's/' / la/fnf] lyP . ss' '/nfO{
;an} ] kfª\u|] eGy] . la/fnfsf] gfd
rflx“ sfn' lyof] . kfªu|] / sfn'
;fyL;fyL lyP . pgLx¿n] /ftn] fO{
bv] ] . /ft]sf] wf]jm| faf6 cfjfh cfpb“ }
lyof] .
æ/ft] Îofp/fn] v/fof]sf
aRrfx¿ l6k5] .Æ sfn' la/fnfn]
eGof] .
æxfdLn] arfpg'k5{Æ kfªu|]
s's/' n] eGof] .
o;kl5 pgLx¿ yfxf gkfpg]
u/L /ft]sf] kl5 nfu] .

82 /fdf| ] gk] fnL sIff @

lgs} a/] lx8“ ]kl5 /ft]nfO{ ysfO nfUof] . p;n] wfj] |mf] e'O“{df
/fVof] . ysfOn] ubf{ p;nfO{ lgbf| nfUof] . Psl5gkl5 pm 3g' { yfNof] .
kfª\u]| / sfn' rfn df//] Toxf“ k'u] . pgLx¿n] wf]jm| f] vf]n] .
v/fofs] f aRrfx¿nfO{ lgsfn] . To;kl5 wf]j|mfleq kfªu\ ]| k:of] .
sfnn' ] wf]j|mf] af“lwlbof] / v/fof]sf aRrfx¿ lnP/ af6f] nfUof] .
s]xL a/] kl5 /ft] lap“lemof] . p;n] cfÎgf] wfj] |mf] sf“wdf em' G8o\ fof]
/ af6f] nfUof] . cln k/ ToxL sfn' la/fnf] b]vfk¥of] .
æltdf| ] wf]j|mfdf s] 5 x“, /ft] <Æ sfn'n] ;fW] of] .
æv/fofs] f aRrfx¿Æ /ft]n] d'v ld7o\ fp“b} hafkm lbof], æcfh
;f/} dHhf x'G5 .Æ
æd;u“ klg sx] L v/fofs] f aRrfx¿ 5g\ .Æ sfn'n] eGof] .
To;kl5 sfn'n] v/fof]sf aRrfx¿nfO{ af]nfof] . v/fofs] f aRrfx¿
gfRt} cfP .

æd;u“ klg o:t} v/fof]sf
aRrfx¿ 5g\ . gkTofP OM x]/ .Æ
/ftn] ] wfj] m| f] vf]Nb} eGof] .
æxj\ fª † xj\ fª †Æ
wfj] m| faf6 kfªu\ ]| km'Q lgl:sof] .
/ft] tl;o{ f] / 8j\ fª\ª n8\of] .
kfª\u]| / sfn' v/fof]sf aRrfx¿
lnP/ 3/lt/ nfu] .
æTo;f] eP d]/f v/fof]sf
aRrfx¿ v} t <Æ /ft]n] ;f]Rof] .
/ftn] ] cfÎgf] wfj] m| f] x]¥of] . wfj] |mf]
vfnL lyof] . /ft] lx:; k¥of] .

83/fd|f] gk] fnL sIff @

zAbe08f/;DaGwL cEof;

!= tnsf zAbx¿ ;'g]/ n]v M

aRrf, nS' b}, wf]²f], kfª\u|], ºofp/f], kmQ' , tl;{of], lx:;

@= zAb / cys{ f] hf]8f ldnfpm M

/dfp“b} ld7f] agfpg'

wf]²f] ;'Tbf cfjfh lgsfn]/ ;f; km]g'{

emf8L v';L x'“b}

l;sf/ af]/f

ysfO ysfj6

3'g'{ hª\un / ?vkft afSnf] ePsf] 7fp“

ld7\ofpg' hgfj/ dfg]{, ;dfpg] sfd

#= vfnL 7fp“df l7s zAb /fv M

s_ afSnf] ?vkft ePsf] 7fp“nfO{ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ elgG5 .

v_ tfn eg]sf] ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ klg xf] .

u_ un]kl5 nfUg] cN5LkgnfO{ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ elgG5 .

3_ pQ/ eg]sf] ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ klg xf] .

ª_ crfgs 8/fpg'nfO{ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ elgG5 .

tl;{g,' emf8L, tnfp, hafkm, ysfO

84 /fdf| ] gk] fnL sIff @

af]w / cleJolSt;DaGwL cEof;

!= dflysf] kf7 lzIfsn] xfpefp;lxt ;'gfpgx' G' 5 . ltdL Wofg lbP/
;'g . lzIfssf] cfjfh / xfpefp klg Vofn u/ .

@= kf7 ;?' ug'{cl3sf] kfgf x]/ . pSt kfgfdf ePsf] lrqsf cfwf/df
Pp6f syf xfpefp;lxt ;'gfpm .

#= tnsf zAbx¿ k:| 6;uF pRrf/0f u/ / sfkLdf ;f/ M

wf]j|mf] kfª\u|] lgb|f afv|f 6«s

8«fOe/ v;|f] yf]qf] k|ms rj|m

$= tnsf cIf/x¿sf] agf]6df Wofg bp] m M

s\ ± / Ö j|m u\ ± / Ö u| v\ ± / Ö v|

6\ ± / Ö 6« 8\ ± / Ö 8« ;\ ± / Ö ;|

k\m ± / Ö k|m k\ ± / Ö k| a\ ± / Ö a|

%= l7s / a]l7s 5'6\ofpm M

s_ sfn' / kfª\u|] v/fof]sf aRrfx¿;“u ns' fdf/L v]Nb} lyP . ÒÒÒÒ

v_ /ft] ºofp/fn] wf]²f] af]s]sf] lyof] . ÒÒÒÒ

u_ /ft]n] v/fof]sf aRrf ge]6]kl5 kfª\u|]nfO{ wf]²fdf xfNof] . ÒÒÒÒ

3_ /ft]n] v/fof]sf aRrf vfg kfp“5' eg]/ dv' ld7\ofof] . ÒÒÒÒ

ª_ sfn' / kfª\u|] ldn]/ v/fof]sf aRrfsf Hofg arfP . ÒÒÒÒ

85/fd|f] g]kfnL sIff @

^= pQ/ b]pm M
s_ v/fof]sf aRrfx¿ s;/L /dfp“b} lyP <
v_ /ft] ºofp/f] s]sf nflu lx“8]sf] lyof] <
u_ v/fof]sf aRrfx¿nfO{ ss;n] arfP <
3_ /ft]n] lsg dv' ld7\ofof] <
ª_ /ft] lsg lx:; k¥of] <

&= nfdf] pQ/ n]v M
s_ /ft]n] s;/L v/fof]sf aRrfx¿ ;dfof] <
v_ kfª\u|] / sfn'n] s;/L v/fof]sf aRrfx¿nfO{ arfP <

*= of] kf7 k9/] s] lzIff kfOG5 < sIffdf 5nkmn u/ .
(= tnsf jfSosf cufl8 !, @, # ===== n]vL jm| d ldnfpm M

- _ /ft]n] wf]²f] vf]Nbf kfª\u|]n] emG8} 6f]Sof] .
- _ /ft] lx:; k¥of] .
- _ v/fof]sf aRrfx¿ n'sfdf/L v]Nb} lyP .
- _ wf]²f] eO' {“df /fv]/ /ft] lgbfof] .
- _ sfn'n] /ft]nfO{ luHofof] .
- _ wf]²f] af]s]sf] /ft]n] v/fof]sf aRrfx¿ b]vfof] .
- _ kfª\u|]nfO{ af]s]/ /ft] lx“8\of] .
- _ p;n] n's]/ v/fof]sf aRrfx¿ ;dfTof] .
- _ sfn' / kfª\u|] ldn]/ v/fof]sf aRrfx¿nfO{ wf]²faf6

lgsfn] .
!)= dflysf j|mdsf cfwf/df j|mdzM nv] .

86 /fd|f] g]kfnL sIff @

Jofs/0f;DaGwL cEof;

!= tnsf zAbdf …x¿Ú nufpm M
ºofp/f], la/fnf], s]6f], 5f]/f], d';f], ls/f], wf]²f], kf7f]
h:t} M ºofp/f] – ºofp/fx¿

@= pbfx/0fdf h:t} lbOPsf zAbaf6 gofF zAb agfpm M
h:t} M /ftf] – /ft]
sfnf], ;]tf], uf]/f], rª\v, kx]“nf], 8Nnf]

#= tn b]vfPh:t} u/L n]v M
h:t} M vfg' – vf“b}, vfPsf]
hfg,' k9\g,' v]Ng', gfRg,' e]6\g'

$= …lyPÚ sf 7fpd“ f …5g\Ú / …lyofÚ] sf 7fpd“ f …5Ú nufP/ nv] M
v/fof]sf aRrfx¿ n'sfdf/L v]Nb} lyP . sf]xL n'Sb} lyP . sf]xL
bf}8“b} lyP . Pp6f rflx“ ;fyLx¿nfO{ vf]Hb} lyof] . pgLx¿ emf8Ldf
/dfp“b} v]ln/x]sf lyP .

%= dflysf jfSonfO{ kml] / …x'g5] Ú jf …x'g]5g\Ú nufP/ nv] .
^= kf7af6 j|mf], ª\ª, u,]| b} nfus] f PsPs zAb nv] L To:t} c¿ zAb

cfkm}“ nv] M
h:t} M kf7af6 – wf]²f]

c¿ – sf]²f], afv|f] =======
&= …x¥] of]Æ h:t} …¥of]Ú ePsf kf“r cf6] f zAb cfkm}“ nv] .

87/fd|f] gk] fnL sIff @

cEof;leqsf] kf7

;fyLnfO{ ;3fpg'
dfof ug{' /fd|f]
5'Rrf] xg' ', l/;fpg'
8fx ug{' g/fdf| ] .

/fd|f] sfddf c8fg lng'
cem slt /fdf| ]
unt sfddf l9kL lng'
slxNo} xG' g /fdf| ] .

;fef/ M /fd|f]g/fd|f]

!= cEof;leqsf] kf7 s07 x'g] u/L k9 .
@= cEof;leqsf] kf7 lstfa gx]/L ufpm .
#= tnsf] rj|maf6 zAb agfO{ n]v M

/f ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
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