Ramro Nepali 4

zAbe08f/;DaGwL cEof;

!= tnsf zAbx¿ z4' ;u“ pRrf/0f u/ / sfkLdf ;f/ M
jf:t,} sfuhkq, 306L, pkm| bF ,} lh:sfpg,' Kof66\ , ;6' S' s, hDsfe6] , cflQbF }
@= tnsf zAb / cy{sf] hf]8f ldnfpm M
6'ª\lug' ;d' ;D' ofpg'
Jo:t g/d :jefjÙ lzi6Ù ljgd|
;3fpg' l;l4g'
d';fg{' a]km;' {b
gd| ;xof]u ug'{
#= pbfx/0fdf lbPh:t} hf8] f ldnfpm M
jf:tf rdTsf/ Vofn
bª\u lzi6 v';L
lbSs c;n lvGg
hftL jfSs /fd|f]
gd| dVv ljgd|
s/fdt dtna hfb'
$= l7s zAb 5fgL vfnL 7fpd“ f nv] M
Ps ufF; ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ Ps yf]kf ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ Ps bfgf] ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
Ps s];|f ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ Ps kf]6L ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ Ps lrD6L ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
Ps cfgf ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ Ps TofGb|f] ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ Ps rf]O6f] ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
Ps 6'qmf] ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ Ps d7' L ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ Ps lkTsf] ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
tn] , eft, ;k' f8L, rfdn, cfk“ , ;G' tnf, n;'g, gg' , hUuf, ;fu, bfp/f, crf/

%= tnsf] sf7] ]kb e/ M != hxfF klg s/' f ug{ ldNg]

kmf]g -$–7f8f]_
@= uLt, ;dfrf/ ;'Gg] ;fwg
-#–t];f]{_
#= uLt, ;dfrf/ x]g{ ldNg]
;fwg -%–7f8f]_
$= s'g} s/' f /fVbf lr;f]
eO/xG5 -@–t];f]{_
%= l56\6} lx;fa ug]{ ;fwg
-%–7f8f]_
^= xfjfdf l56f] sb' \g] ;fwg
-#–t];f]{_

146 /fd|f] gk] fnL sIff $

afw] / cleJolSt;DaGwL cEof;

!= ;g' fO kf7–!% Wofgkj" s{ ;'g / kf7df gePsf jfSox¿ lrg M
-of] /]l8of] g]kfn xf] . ca k|d]z lu/Laf6 d'Vo ;dfrf/ ;G' g'xf];\ .
cfh laxfg g]kfnL 6f]nLsf] ;kmn ;u/dfyf cf/f]x0f . d':tfªdf ef/L
lxdkft / bh{gf}Fsf] d'To' . tfKn]h'ªdf ;jf/L b'3{6gfdf k/L tLg hgfsf]
d[To' . cd]l/sfsf tLg hgf j}1flgsxÁnfO{ o; jif{sf] gf]a]n k'/:sf/ .
sf7df8f}Fdf hf/L afnd]nf k|wfgdGqLåf/f pb\3f6g . d]:;Lsf] x\ofl6«sn]
ch{]lG6gf ljZjskdf 5gf]6 .

@= ;g' fO kf7–!% sf cfwf/df pQ/ bp] m M
s_ ;dfrf/ jfrssf] gfd s] xf] <
v_ cfh laxfg s;n] ;u/dfyfsf] ;kmn cf/f]x0f u/]sf] /x]5 <
u_ tfKn]h'ªdf ;jf/L b'3{6gfsf slt hgfsf] d'To' eof] <
3_ o; jif{sf] gf]a]n k'/:sf/ s;n] kfP <
ª_ sg' b]z ljZjskdf 5gf]6 eof] <

#= dfa] fOn kmfg] / 6l] nlehgdWo] ltdLnfO{ sg' Hofbf dg k5{ < sf/0f;lxt
;fyLx¿nfO{ atfpm .

$= dg' f / df]afOn kmf]g eGg] syf kfn}kfnf] k9 .
%= cfh zlgaf/sf] lbg eGg] cz+ af6 ;?' ePsf] cg'R5b] /fd|f cIf/n] tnsf]

vfnL 7fpFdf ;f/ M
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

147/fd|f] gk] fnL sIff $

^= s;n] sg' ;dodf egs] f] xf], nv] M
s_ afafn] df]afOn kmf]g Nofpge' Psf] /x]5 .
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒn] ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ;dodf
v_ s ÒÒ sxLF xf]Og afaf, v]Ng lxF8]sL .
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒn] ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ;dodf
u_ nf} x]/, ca s] ug{', sxfF x/fof] xf]nf <
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒn] ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ;dodf
3_ x}g d'gfnfO{ kf] yfxf lyof] ls <
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒn] ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ;dodf
ª_ ltdLn] kmf]g lsg n'sfPsL 5f/] L <
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒn] ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ;dodf

&= pQ/ bp] m M
s_ dg' fsf afafn] lsg d'gfnfO{ jf:tf u/]gg\ <
v_ vfgf vfPsf ;dodf dg' fn] lsg lbSs dfgL <
u_ d'gfnfO{ df]afOn kmf]geGbf efn' v]nf}gf lsg dg k5{ <
3_ aa' f;Fu e]6 xF'bf d'gf lsg x8\a8fO{ <
ª_ dg' fsf afafnfO{ s] s'/fdf zª\sf nfUof] <
r_ d'gfn] kmf]g sxfF n'sfPsL /lx5 <
5_ d'gfsf afafn] lsg kmf]gdf w]/} s'/f ug'{ePsf] /x]5 <

*= rf/kf“r jfSodf pQ/ nv] M
s_ afafsf] df]afOn kmf]gn] d'gfnfO{ lsg lh:sfPh:tf] nfUof] <
v_ dg' fn] kmf]g ns' fpgs' f] sf/0f s] xf] <
u_ dg' f df]afOn kmf]g;Fu l/;fpg' l7s lyof] ls lyPg <

(= kf7sf] klxnf], bf];f| ] / t];|f] cgR' 5b] ;g' /] nv] .

148 /fdf| ] g]kfnL sIff $

Jofs/0f;DaGwL cEof;

!= tnsf zAb sfkLdf ;f/ -b'a} z4' ¿k xg' \ ._ M

ljb\ofno – ljBfno zb' \w – z'4 ljb\ofyL{ – ljBfyL{

bª\u – b· km?' ª\u – k'm?· 6ª' \lug' – 6'l·g'

kb\d – kß ljb\jfg\ – ljåfg\ pQ/ – pQ/
elSt – elQm
k6\l6 – kl§ pb\b]Zo – p2]Zo

@= l7s lqmofkb /fvL vfnL 7fp“ e/ M

s_ ltdLx¿ otf ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ . -cfpm, cfcf]_

v_ d v]Ng ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ . -hfpm, hfpmF_

u_ ltdL kf7 ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ . -k9, k9\_

3_ pm vfgf ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ . -vfpm, vfcf];\_

ª_ xfdL v]Ng ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ . -hfpmF, hfcf}F_

#= kl' nªu\ a'emfpg] / :qLlnª\u a'emfpg] zAb 5'66\ f56' 6\ } n]v M

afa' cfdf uf]? ufO{ /fFuf] e}F;L :jf:gL sjloqL dQf

klt 5f]/f] nf]Ug] slj jL/fª\ugf jL/ 9f]O{ kTgL ax' f/L

$= dfly ltdLn] 5'6o\ fPsfdWo] kfr“ kf“r cf]6f zAbnfO{ jfSodf k|of]u u/ .

%= hf]8f ldnfpm M

afrf ug'{ la:tf/} lxF8\g'

Jo:t x'g' v]nfpg] j:t'

l7s kfg{' crfgs e]l6g'

la/fnfsf] rfndf rNg' cfFvfel/ cfF;' cfpg'

efn' v]nf}gf s;d vfg'

hDsfe]6 x'g' km';{b gxg' '

cfFvfdf cfF;' el/g' tx nufpg'

149/fd|f] g]kfnL sIff $

cEof;leqsf] kf7

df]afOn kmfg]

df]afOn kmf]g eg]sf] hg' ;'s} 7fpFdf klg af]s]/
nfg ;lsg] kmf]g xf] .

b'O{ tkmL{ s'/f ug{ ;lsg] kmf]gsf cfljisf/s
cn]Sh]G8/ u|fxd a]n x'g\ . pgn] bO' {tkm{af6 s'/f
ug]{ kmf]gsf] cfljisf/ ;j{k|yd ;g\ !*&^ u/]sf
lyP . Tof] kmf]g 7n' f] lyof] . To;nfO{ Pp6f 3/sf]
7n' f] sf]7fdf /flvPsf] lyof] . kl5 uP/ ;fgf /
5l/tf kmf]gx¿ agfOP . o:tf kmf]gx¿sf bO' {lt/
;fgf;fgf tf/n] hf]l8Psf xG' y] .

df]afOn kmf]g tf/lagf af]Sg ;lhnf] x'g] kmf]g xf] . cfhef]ln df]afOn kmf]gsf
ljleGg cfsf/ / k|sf/ 5g\ . df]afOndf kmf]g ug]{, kmf]6f] lvRg], Od]n, OG6/g]6
rnfpg], v]Ng], ljleGg ;r" gf /fVg], ;"rgf k7fpg] cflb ;'ljwfx¿ 5g\ .
df]afOn kmf]gn] dflg;nfO{ w]/} ;l' jwf lbPsf] 5 . o;nfO{ ;]n kmf]g klg
elgG5 .
!= tnsf cy{sf nflu ldNg] zAb kf7af6 vfh] /] n]v M

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ – cfljisf/ ug]{ dfG5]
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ – ;a}eGbf klxnf
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ – lsl;d
@= cEof;leqsf] kf7 cfjfh lgsfn/] k9 .
#= kf7df cª\u|]hL efiffdf ko| f]u ul/g] zAbx¿ 5g\ . s'g} kfFr cf6] f zAb
kf7af6 vfh] /] n]v M

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

150 /fdf| ] gk] fnL sIff $

$= cEof;leqsf] kf7 sf] clGtd cg'R5b] cg'nv] g u/ M

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

%= tnsf kZ| gsf] pQ/ b]pm M

s_ af]s]/ lxF8\g, ;lsg] kmf]gnfO{ s] elgG5 <

v_ kmf]gsf cfljisf/s sf] x'g\ <

u_ klxn] agfPsf] kmf]g s:tf] lyof] <

3_ df]afOn kmf]gdf s]s:tf ;'ljwfx¿ x'G5g\ <

ª_ df]afOn kmf]gn] dflg;nfO{ s;/L ;l' jwf lbPsf] 5 <

^= pbfx/0fdf bv] fPh;/L tnsf] ljm| ofx¿ abn M

agfof] M agfOof] eG5 M elgG5

u¥of] M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ u5{ M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

lhtfof] M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ d5{ M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

a:of] M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ lhT5 M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

af]sfof] M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ;f5{ M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

lxF8\of] M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ v]N5 M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

151/fd|f] gk] fnL sIff $

;fd"lxs lqmofsnfk

õ sIffdf ;a} ;fyLx¿ rf/ ;dx" df ljefhg xfc] f] . ca ufn] f ky| fåf/f PsPs
cf6] f ljifo 5fg . tL ;fwgx¿n] dflg;nfO{ s;/L kmfObf k'u]sf] 5 egL
;d"xdf 5nkmn u/ . cfºgf] ;d"xn] 5nkmn u/s] f s'/f Ps hgfn] cufl8
uP/ /fv M
s_ 6]lnkmf]g
v_ 6]lnlehg
u_ sDKo'6/

l;h{gfTds n]vg

õ syfsL kfq …d'gfÚ sf 7fpFdf ltdL eP s] uYof{} < krf; zAbdf n]v M
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

152 /fd|f] gk] fnL sIff $

kf7 !^

oftfoftsf ;fwg / logsf] dxŒj

kf7 ;?' ug{'cl3

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

õ dflysf oftfoftsf ;fwgx¿sf gfd nv] .

zAb / cy{

oftfoft – cfjthfjtÙ cfjfudg jfo'ofg – xjfO{hxfh
;Eotf – ljsf; ;fsf/ ¿k – jf:tljs ¿k
:n]h – lxpFdf dflg; jf hgfj/n] tfg]/ cGtl/If – k[YjL / c¿ u|xsf larsf] vfnL

sb' fOg] Ps lsl;dsf] ;fwg 7fpF
cfljisf/ – gofF j:t'sf] pTkfbg pkef]u – k|of]u
9'ª\u] ou' – ljsf; gePsf] ou' , k/' fgf] ou' kl/sNkgf – sg' } s'/fsf] cfljisf/ ug'{eGbf
kG8fn – kfgLhxfhsf] lbzf df8] g\ / xfjfsf]
cufl8sf] sNkgf
ult kqmg ko| fu] ul/g] kbf{

153/fdf| ] g]kfnL sIff $

d"n kf7

oftfoftsf ;fwg / logsf] dxŒj

oftfoft egs] f] cfjthfjt xf] cyf{t\ cfpgh] fg] sfdnfO{ oftfoft elgG5 .
oftfoftsf ;fwg egs] f] rflxF dflg; jf j:t'nfO{ Ps 7fpFaf6 csf{] 7fp;F Dd
cf;] f/k;f/ ug{ k|ofu] ul/g] ;fwgx¿ x'g\ . oftfoftsf ;fwgx¿ cgs] lsl;dsf
xG' 5g\ . o:tf ;fwgx¿sf] lgdf0{ f / k|ofu] n] dfgj ;Eotfdf dxŒjk0" f{ e"ldsf
v]ns] f] 5 .
oftfoftsf ;fwgx¿nfO{ k|ofu] / ks| [ltsf b[li6n] df]6fdf6] L ¿kdf tLg k|sf/df
af8F \g ;lsG5 . tL x'g\ – hn oftfoft, :yn oftfoft / xjfO{ oftfoft . gbL,
tfn / ;d'b|x¿df ;~rfng
ul/g] oftfoftsf ;fwgx¿nfO{
hn oftfoftsf ;fwg
elgG5 . 8ª' \uf, kfgLhxfh,
kg8A' aL, l:6d/, km/] L cflb
o; k|sf/sf oftfoftsf

154 /fd|f] gk] fnL sIff $

;fwgx¿ xg' \ . kfªu\ |f, lns tyf v6' \6fsf ;xfotfn] hldgdf rNg] ;fwgx¿
:yn oftfoftsf ;fwg xg' \ . /y, aon uf8f,l/S;f, :nh] , ;fOsn, :s'6/,
sf/, a;, 6s« , /]n cflb :yn oftfoft;uF ;DalGwt 5g\ . o; ks| f/sf
oftfoftsf nflu 3f]8f, vRr/, uwf, p6F , ofs, s's/' h:tf k|f0fL klg ko| f]u
ul/G5g\ . cfsfz jf jfo'dfu{df ;~rfng ul/g] oftfoftsf ;fwgx¿ rflxF xjfO{
oftfoftsf ;fwg x'g\ . xjfO{hxfh, x]lnsf]K6/, Kof/f UnfO8/, /s]6 cflb o;
k|sf/sf oftfoftsf ;fwg xg' \ . o;b]lv afxs] klg kfOk jf 9\jfªdf rNg], tf/
jf 8f]/Ldf rNg] oftfoftsf ;fwg klg x'G5g\ . cfhsn t sltko ;fwgx¿
hldgdf, kfgLdf / cfsfzdf tLg} Ifq] df ;~rfng x'g ;Sg] lsl;dsf klg
cfljisf/ ul/Psf 5g\ .
oftfoftsf ;fwgsf] ¿kdf klxns] f dflg;x¿n] dflg; tyf kz'x¿sf] ;xfotfn]
l3;f//] tfGg] uf8f h:tf ;fwgx¿ ko| f]u uy{] . kl5 ltgdf rSsf /fv]kl5
u8' fpg] uf8fsf] cfljisf/ eof] . o; qmddf ljleGg hgfj/x¿ g} oftfoftsf
;fwgsf] ¿kdf ko| fu] df cfof] . /y, ;fOsn, l/S;fh:tf ;fwgsf] ljsf;

155/fd|f] g]kfnL sIff $

ePkl5 ;8ssf] ljsf; / lj:tf/ xg' yfNof] . o;} qmddf sf/ nufotsf
cfw'lgs ;fwgx¿sf] cfljisf/ x'g k'Uof] . ptf hn oftfoftsf] ;?' jft klg
dfgj ;Eotf 9'ªu\ ] ou' df x'Fb} cfljisf/ eO;ss] f] lyof] . To; ;dosf dflg;x¿
kf]v/L, gbL / ;d'b| kf/ ug,{ df5f dfg{ xn'sf sf7sf d9' fx¿nfO{ gfpsf ¿kdf
ko| fu] uy{] . ;Eotfsf] ljsf;qmd;uF } kG8fn /fv/] rNg] kfgLhxfhsf] ljsf;
eof] . kl5 afkmn] rNg] kfgLhxfh xF'b} l8hn] OlGhg ePsf] kfgLhxfh klg ljsf;
eof] . kg8A' aL eg] ljz]if u/L ;l} gsx¿sf nflu cfljisf/ ul/of] . r/fh:t}
p8g\ ] sNkgf ug]{ dfG5]n] rª\ufsf] cfljisf/ u/k] l5 g} jfoo' fgsf] kl/sNkgf
u/]sf] lyof] . o; sNkgfn] jf:tljs ¿kdf w]/k} l5 cyft{ ;g\ !()# df dfq
;fsf/ ¿k lnof] .

oftfoftsf] ljsf; / lj:tf/n] dfgj ;Eotfsf] lgdf{0fdf dxŒjk0" f{ of]ubfg

156 /fd|f] gk] fnL sIff $

ku' ]sf] 5 . lxF8/] k'Ug jiff{F} nfUg] jf c;Dej nfUg] 7fpFx¿df klg cfh dflg; sx] L
3G6fd} k'Ug ;S5 . 7'nf7'nf gbL tyf ;d'b|x¿ kf/ ug{ tyf cGtl/If;Dd k'Ug;d]t
dflg; ;kmn ePsf] 5 . ;;+ f/sf] Pp6f sg' fdf pTkfbg ul/Psf j:tx' ¿ cfh
t'?Gt csf]{ s'gfsf] JolStn] pkef]u ug{ kfPsf] 5 . oL ;a} ;l' jwfx¿ oftfoftsf
;fwgx¿sf] ljsf;s} sf/0fn] ;Dej ePsf] 5 . To;n} ] s] eGg ;lsG5 eg]
dfgj hLjgdf oftfoftsf ;fwgx¿sf] 7n' f] dxŒj /x]sf] 5 .
lgisif{df cfh hh] :tf oftfoftsf ;fwgx¿ 5g\ / eljiodf h]h:tf ;fwgx¿
cfpg5] g\, ltgnfO{ dfgj hfltsf] lxtdf pkof]u ugk'{ 5{ . o;f] ug{ ;ss] f v08df
o;sf] dxŒj emg\ a9g\ hfG5 .

157/fdf| ] gk] fnL sIff $

zAbe08f/;DaGwL cEof;

!= tnsf zAbx¿ z'4;uF pRrf/0f u/ / sfkLdf ;f/ M

oftfoft, cf];f/k;f/, df]6fdf]6L, 6«s, Kof/fUnfO8/, 9\jfª, cfljisf/

@= s, v, u, nv] L tnsf zAb / cys{ f] hf]8f ldnfpm M

cfljisf/ - _ k[YjL / c¿ u|xsf larsf] vfnL 7fpF

9'ª\u] ou' - _ sg' } s/' fsf] cfljisf/ ug{' cl3 ul/Psf] sNkgf

;fsf/ ¿k - _ gofF j:t'sf] pTkfbg

cGtl/If - _ jf:tljs ¿k

kl/sNkgf - _ ljsf; gePsf] ou'

#= tn lbOPsf zAbsf] Pp6} cy{ cfpg] zAb kf7af6 vf]h]/ nv] M

;Eotf – ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ jfoo' fg – ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

lsl;d – ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ k|of]u – ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

ljsf; – ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ enfO – ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

xjfO{dfu{ – ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ kfgL – ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

$= tnsf zAbsf] pN6f] cy{ nv] M

;Dej – ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ hn – ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

kftfn – ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ux|f}F – ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

c;kmn – ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ clxt – ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

36\g – ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ c;l' jwf – ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

%= tn lbOPsf zAbsf] cy{ nv] M

km]l/ – ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ vfln – ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

km]/L – ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ vfnL – ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

;a – ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ la; – ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
zj – ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ljif – ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

158 /fdf| ] gk] fnL sIff $

afw] / cleJolSt;DaGwL cEof;

!= ;g' fO kf7–!^ Wofgkj" {s ;g' / l7sal] 7s 5'6\ofpm M

s_ h]Ddjf6 :s6NofG8sf JolQm x'g\ . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

v_ ;;+ f/s} klxnf] /]n x8\;gn] agfPsf x'g\ . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

u_ ;+;f/sf] klxnf] /]n ;g !*)$ df ag]sf] lyof] . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

3_ ;'?df /]n @)) lsnf]ld6/ k|lt306fsf b/n] rNYof] . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

ª_ /]n ;]jfn] ;;+ f/sf] oftfoft ;]jfsf] c;L k|ltzt

:yfg cf]u6]sf] 5 . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

@= ;'gfO kf7–!^ sf cfwf/df tnsf] ;r" gf k/" f u/ M

s_ jfik OlGhgsf] cfljisf/s M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

v_ ;;+ f/s} klxnf] /]nsf cfljisf/s M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

u_ ;g\ !*)$ M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

3_ cf7 lsnf]ld6/ k|lt 306f M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

ª_ a'n]6 6«]g M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

#= ltdLnfO{ dg kg]{ oftfoftsf] ;fwg sg' xf] < sIffsf ;fyLx¿nfO{ atfpm .

$= dflysf] kf7sf] kT| o]s cgR' 5]b kfnk} fnf] k9 .

%= kf7sf] klxnf] cgR' 5]b /fd|f cIf/df cgn' ]vg u/ M

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

159/fd|f] gk] fnL sIff $

^= dflysf] kf7 sIffdf ;an} ] kfnk} fnf] k9 .

&= l7s eP l7s / a]l7s eP al] 7s nv] M

s_ oftfoftsf] ;l' jwfn] dflg;nfO{ ;lhnf] ePsf] 5 . ÒÒÒÒÒÒ

v_ ;db' d| f ko| fu] ul/g] oftfoftnfO{ hn oftfoft elgG5 . ÒÒÒÒÒÒ

u_ km]/L :yn oftfoftsf] ;fwg xf] . ÒÒÒÒÒÒ

3_ Kof/fUnfO8/ hn oftfoftsf] ;fwg xf] . ÒÒÒÒÒÒ

ª_ ;g\ !()# df klxnfk] 6s xjfOh{ xfh cfsfzdf p8fOof] . ÒÒÒÒÒÒ

*= Ps jfSodf pQ/ bp] m M

s_ s:tf ;fwgnfO{ oftfoftsf ;fwg elgG5 <

v_ oftfoftsf ;fwgnfO{ df]6fdf]6L ¿kdf slt efudf ljefhg ug{
;lsG5 <

u_ xjfO{ oftfoft sxfF ;~rfng ul/G5 <

3_ slxn]b]lv ;8ssf] lj:tf/ / ljsf; eof] <

ª_ oftfoftsf ;fwgnfO{ s] ug{ ;s]df o;sf] dxŒj emg\ a9\g hfG5 <

(= nfdf] pQ/ bp] m M

s_ oftfoftsf ;fwgx¿ slt lsl;dsf x'G5g\ / tL s]s] x'g\ <

v_ :yn oftfoftsf ;fwgx¿ s]s] xg' \ <

u_ hn oftfoftsf] ljsf; s;/L eof] <

3_ oftfoftn] dflg;nfO{ s;/L ;'ljwf k'¥ofPsf] 5 <

!)= a9fP/ nv] M

dfgj hLjgdf oftfoftsf] 7'nf] dxŒj 5 .

160 /fd|f] gk] fnL sIff $

Jofs/0f;DaGwL cEof;

!= kf7af6 …zÚ, …ifÚ, …;Ú ko| f]u ePsf zAb vf]h/] nv] .
@= tnsf zAbx¿ Psjrg a'emfpg] / ax'jrg a'emfpg] ;d"xdf 5'6\ofpm M

d xfdL s]6f] s]6fx¿ d';f df5f la/fnf] h/fof] ;fgf]
sfnf ld7f lttf] eG5 vfG5g\ cfof] uP eg] eGof]

Psjrg ae' mfpg] zAb M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

ax'jrg ae' mfpg] zAb M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
#= tnsf jfSonfO{ ax'jrgdf abn M

s_ s]6f] cfof] . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

v_ of] cfFk ld7f] 5 . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

u_ d]/L ;fyL cfO{ . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

3_ r/f] cfsfzdf p8\of] . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

ª_ ltdL l56f] hfpm . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

$= tnsf jfSonfO{ Psjrgdf abn M

s_ d]/f efOx¿ cfP . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

v_ s's'/x¿ em'S5g\ . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

u_ cfFkx¿ cldnf 5g\ . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
3_ d]/f alxgLx¿ cfP . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

161/fdf| ] g]kfnL sIff $

cEof;leqsf] kf7

efOalxgL xf] † oftfoftsf ;fwg / logsf] dxŒj eGg] kf7 kl9;Sbf xfdLn]
lgDgfg;' f/sf] kf7 kl9;s]sf 5f“} .

-!_ /fd|}/fd|f -@_ df}sfdf lx/f kmf]g'{

-#_ PsfGtk|]dL hgfj/M efn' -$_ cN5L eP vfg kfO“b}g

-%_ df6f] eGg' l;h{gf xf] -^_ ;fOdgsf a'afsf] lrgf/L

-&_ cflv/ /fhf dv" { ;flat eof] -*_ ;fOsn

-(_ cfpm † ;“u} hfpmF -!)_ hª\unL l6p/fsf] Ps lbg

-!!_ k5'tf] -!@_ cfsfz 5'g] /x/

-!#_ kfgL -!$_ labfsf nflu lgj]bg

-!%_ dg' f / df]afOn kmf]g -!^_ oftfoftsf ;fwg / logsf] dxŒj

!= o; lstfadf kl9;s]sf sljtf / ltgsf /rgfsf/sf] gfd n]v M

s_ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

v_ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

u_ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

3_ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

@= o; lstfadf kl9;s]sf syfsf] zLifs{ / ltgsf syfsf/sf] gfd nv] M

s_ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

v_ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

u_ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

3_ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

162 /fdf| ] gk] fnL sIff $

ª_ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
r_ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
#= o; lstfadf kl9;s]sf lgaGwx¿sf] gfd n]v M
s_ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
v_ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
u_ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
3_ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
$= o; lstfadf kl9;ss] f] gf6ssf] gfd n]v M
s_ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
v_ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
%= o; lstfadf kl9;ss] f] lgjb] gsf] gfd nv] M
s_ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
^= o; lstfasf] s'g kf7 ltdLnfO{ ;aeGbf /fd|f] nfUof] < krf; zAbdf /fdf| ]
nfUgfsf] sf/0f;lxt nv] M
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

163/fdf| ] g]kfnL sIff $

;fd"lxs lqmofsnfk

õ sIffsf ;Dk"0f{ ljBfyL{x¿ kf“r ;d"xdf ljeflht xfc] f] . ca kT| os] ;dx" n]
o; kf7sf] kf7 ;'? ug'{cl3df ePsf ;fwgdWo] s'g} Pp6fsf] af/d] f ;d"xdf
5nkmn u/ . -k|Tos] ;d"xn] 5'6\6f5'6\6} ;fdfgsf af/d] f 5nkmn ug'k{ g5{] .
cfºgf] ;dx" df k/s] f ;fdfgsf kIfdf af]Ngk' g5{] / cfºgf] ;fdfg cGo rf/
cf]6feGbf ljleGg b[li6n] /fdf| ] 5 eGg] s/' f kl' i6 ug{ k|of; ug{'kg5]{ ._ o;/L
b;kGw| ldg]6 5nkmn ul/;sk] l5 kT| os] ;dx" af6 PsPs hgfn] cfºgf]
;dx" df k/]sf] ;fdfgsf] kIfaf6 afn] . s'g ;d"xn] ;ae} Gbf /fd|f] ts{ k|:t't
u¥of] < cfºgf lzIfsnfO{ ;f]w .

l;hg{ fTds n]vg

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j0f{g u/ M
s_ 6]lnlehg
v_ df]afOn kmf]g
u_ df]6/;fOsn
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164 /fd|f] g]kfnL sIff $

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/fd|f] nfU5 . jghª\undf a:g] ljleGg ;fgf7'nf hgfj/ /fd|f] nfU5 . lxdfn, kxf8,
t/fO{, pkTosf, vf]nf, vx/] / gbLx¿ /fd|f] nfU5 . au}Frfdf kml' n/x]sf kmn" / v]tdf
nxnx/fO/x]sf] afnL /fd|f] nfU5 . cfsfz / afbnx¿ /fd|f] nfU5 . d;Fu :sn' df k9\g]
;fyLx¿ / 3/df v]Ng] ;fyLefO /fd|f] nfU5 . ufpF / ;x/ ba' } /fd|f] nfU5 . uf8L /
3/x¿, sDKo6' / / v]nsb' ;a} /fd|f] nfU5 . To;}n] dnfO{ d]/f] hLjg emg\ /fd|f] nfU5 .

;'gfO kf7–@

Psk6s k|ldy; dfpG6 cf]nDk;af6 k[YjLsf] e|d0fdf cfP . pgn] To; e|d0fsf j|mddf
dfG5]x¿nfO{ e]6] t/ k[YjLsf dfG5]x¿ Psbd} bM' vL lyP . pgLx¿ hf8fn] s7\ofª\lu|P/
dg{ nfu]sf h:tf b]lvGy] . pgnfO{ cfkm"h:t} k|f0fL dfG5]sf] ;f/} dfof nfUof] . To;}n]
pgn] dfpG6 cf]nDk; cyf{t\ :ju{af6 cfuf] rf]/]/ k[YjLdf NofOlbP .

k[YjLdf cfuf] cfPkl5 dfG5]x¿sf] hLjg ablnof] . pgLx¿ ca hLjgdf Gofgf] kfP/
v;' Lk"j{s /xg yfn] . t/ :ju{sf /fhf Ho'; eg] k|ldy;;Fu cToGt} l/;fP . lsgeg]
:ju{sf] s'g} klg s/' f k[YjLdf /fHosf] cgd' ltlagf Nofpg kfOFb}GYof] . cGttM cfuf]
rf]/]sf] ck/fwdf k|ldy;nfO{ ss];; kxf8df emG' 8\ofOof] .

;'gfO kf7–#
x efn'nfO{ /ªx¿ yfxf xG' 5 .
x efn'sf] ;£' g] zlSt s's/' sf] eGbf a9L x'G5 . ;DejtM efn' ;+;f/sf] ;a} eGbf

a9L 3|f0fzlQm -;F'£g] zlQm_ ePsf] k|f0fL xf] .
x lxFp efn' -kf]nf/ lao/_ aflx/af6 ;]tf] b]lvP klg To;sf] 5fnf eg] sfnf]

xG' 5 .
x lxpF efn' -kf]nf/ lao/_ g/f]lsO{sg (^ lsnf]ld6/;Dd kf}8g ;S5 .
x efnx' ¿sf] cfcfˆg} dg kg{] ?v x'G5, h'g ?vdf pgLx¿ cfˆgf] 9f8 sGofpg

sf];f}F 6f9faf6 cfOk'U5g\ .

165/fd|f] gk] fnL sIff $

x v}/f] efn,' lkmgNofG8sf] /fli6«o hgfj/ xf] .

x clxn];Ddsf] cWoogcg';f/ ;a}eGbf w]/} s'/f vfg] k|f0fL efn' xf] . efn'n]
df]lanb]lv /a/sf] h'Qf;d]t vfOlbG5 .

;'gfO kf7–$

-s_ af3 efn' xfQL h/fof] v/fof]

l;+x afFb/ 3f]8f s's'/ d';f

la/fnf] afv|f ufO{ aFb]n d[u

u}F8f e}F;L b'D;L lrt'jf lh/fkm

e]8f rf}F/L Rofª\u|f AjfF;f] :ofn

ˆofp/f] nf]vs]{

-v_ lstfa snd emf]nf vfhf

h'Qf k};f 6f]kL ;x/

;g' fO kf7–%

k[YjLdf lxdfn, kxf8 / t/fO{ xG' 5g\ . 7'nf7n' f ;db' |b]lv c;ª\Vo tfn, kf]v/L,
gbLgfnf, vx/] x'G5g\ . 9'ª\uf, df6f], kfgL, afn'jf x'G5g\ . ufpFx¿ / ;x/x¿ x'G5g\ .
hª\unx¿, 3gf a:tLx¿, 7'nf7n' f d?e"ld tyf a/km hd]sf 7fpFx¿ x'G5g\ . dflg;,
hgfj/, r/fx¿ sL6ktª\ux¿ x'G5g\ . 7n' f7n' f ?vb]lv, a'6\ofg x'Fb} dl;gf emf/kft
klg xG' 5g\ . k[YjLdf sg' } 7fpFdf cToGt lr;f] x'G5 eg] s'g} 7fpF cToGt udL{ x'G5 .
sg' } 7fpFdf s'g} a]nf 8/ nfUbf] Hjfnfdv' L hfG5 eg] ljgfzsf/L es" Dk klg uO/xG5 .
k[YjLdf ;d'b|L cfFwLb]lv 7n' f7'nf dxfdf/L km}nG5 .

;g' fO kf7–^

gd:t] Û d ;f]lgof zfx . sIff rf/sf] ljBfyL{ . pd]/ b; jif{ . 3/ hgsk'/sf] dfgl;x+
k6\6L .
166 /fd|f] g]kfnL sIff $

d k9fOdf l7s} 5' . dnfO{ gfRg / lrq agfpg dg k5{ . dnfO{ v]nsb' klg dg k5{ .
d vf;u/L bf}8 / ls|s]6 dg k/fpF5' . dnfO{ kfgLk/' L / r6k6] Psbd} dg k5{ . t/
afaf dnfO{ oL s/' fx¿ w]/} vfg x'Gg eGg'x'G5 . n]xª\uf dnfO{ dg kg{] kf];fs xf] .
d cln sfnL g} 5' / cln cUnL klg 5' t/ dnfO{ …P] sfnL ÛÚ / …nDa' ÛÚ eg]/
af]nfPsf] dg kb{}g .

;'gfO kf7–&
lkG6' gfd u/]sf] Pp6f la/fnf] lyof] . Tof] la/fnf] lxh}b]lv ef]sf] lyof] . To;}n] pm s]xL
vfg kfOG5 ls eg]/ efG;f 3/df k:of] .
efG;f 3/df ;w}F t clnslt b'w xG' Yof] t/ cfh bw' sf] srf}/f vfnL lyof] . kmf]xf]/
/fVg] 7fpFdf s'v'/fsf x8\8Lx¿ x'Gy] t/ cfh kmf]xf]/ efF8f] l/Q} lyof] . ;w}F t efG;f
sf]7fdf s]xL d';fx¿ cf]xf]/bf]xf]/ uy{] . cfh p;n] Ps 306f kv{bf klg Pp6f d;' f
klg b]vf k/]g . p;sf] k]6 eg] ef]sn] a6fl//x]sf] lyof] .
olts}df dlgiff, 3/sL sfG5L 5f]/L cfOg\ . d]/f] Kof/f] lkG6' eGb} p;nfO{ af]lsg\ /
au}Frflt/ nflug\ .
…cfxf Û s:tf] ld7f] af:gf x} lkG6' ÛÚ dlgiffn] un' fasf] km"n lkG6n' fO{ ;'F3fOg\ . t/ lkG6'
eg] dlgiffsf] sfvaf6 km'Q pˆ|of] / uNnLlt/ kf] bf}8g yfNof] .

;g' fO kf7–*
d}n] gf} jif{sf] pd]/df ;fOsn s'bfpg l;s]sf] xF' . xfd|f] kfnfdf cfhsnsf] h:tf]
k|z:t ;fOsnx¿ lyPgg\ . emg\ 6«]gL lXjn;lxtsf] ;fOsnx¿ t cfPs} lyPgg\ .
;fgf aRrfx¿sf] ;fOsnsf] klg rng lyPg . ufpF3/, ahf/ hxfF klg b'O{ lsl;dsf
;fOsnx¿ dfq lyP– n]l8h ;fOsn / h]G6\; ;fOsn .
d}n] n]l8h ;fOsnaf6 ;fOsn rnfpg l;s]sf] xF' . n]l8h ;fOsn cln xf]rf] xG' 5
/ l;6 / x\ofG8nsf] lardf 8G8L klg xF'b}g . d}n] Ps lbgd} ;fOsn rnfpg l;s]F
t/ ;?' ;?' df w]/}rf]6L n8]F . 3F'8fdf rf]6 nfUof] t/ klg xf/ vfOgF . cGTodf rp/df

167/fd|f] gk] fnL sIff $

cf]Nnf] 5]pb]lv kNnf] 5]p;Dd k'¥ofpg ;kmn ePsf] lyPF . To; lbg dnfO{ ;;+ f/ g}
lht]h:tf] v';L nfu]sf] lyof] .

;'gfO kf7–(
sf7df8f}Faf6 k[YjL nf]sdfu{ xF'b} klZrd nfu]kl5 gf}la;], uN5L xF'b} nueu !!! lsnf]ld6/
b'/Ldf d'ª\lng eGg] 7fpF cfpF5 . d'ª\lngaf6 lqzn' L s6]/ cfFa'v}/]gL, bdf}nL, bn' ]uf}F8f
xF'b} nueu ($ lsnf]ld6/ kf/ u/]kl5 kf]v/f kl' uG5 . o; j|mddf wDk;' , s:' dfh:tf
7fpFx¿ cfpF5g\ . a]gLaf6 l;w} sfnLu08sLsf] tL/}tL/ pQ/tkm{ nfUbf nueu &÷&
lsnf]ld6/sf] b/' Ldf hf]d;f]d cfOk'U5 . hf]d;f]d kU' g] s|ddf tftf]kfgL, bfgf, n]t],
dfkmLh:tf 7fpFx¿ kf/ ub{} cl3 a9\gk' 5{ . hf]d;f]daf6 clnslt k"j{ x'Fb} pQ/tkm{
cl3 a9\bf !!=% lsnf]ld6/sf] b/' Ldf sfua]gL eGg] 7fpF cfpF5 . sfua]gLaf6 s]an
!# lsnf]ld6/ kj" { lbzftkm{sf] psfnf] r9\bf d'lQmgfy eGg] kljq :yn kU' g ;lsG5 .
o;/L hDdf nueu #*& lsnf]ld6/sf] ofqfdf lxdfnkfl/sf] lhNnf d:' tfªsf] /d0fLo
:yfgx¿ x]g{ ;lsG5 .

;g' fO kf7–!)
xfQL s'FH5, s's'/ e'S5 .
9's'/ s'n{G5, l;+x, af3 uh{G5 .
3f]8f lxglxgfpF5, lemuf, df}/L e'geg' fpF5 .
ed/f klg eg' e'gfpF5, s'v/' fsf] efn] af:5 .

ufO{, af5f afFafF u5{, ;fF9] xf]SsfF u5{ .
d';f] lr lr u5{, sfu sf sf u5{ .
afv|f, kf7f DofDof u5{, e]8f EofEof u5{ .
la/fnf] DofpDofp u5{, Eofut' f 6\jf/6\jf/ u5{ .

168 /fd|f] g]kfnL sIff $

;'gfO kf7–!!
d]/f] ;fgf] efO vf6df ;l' t/x]sf] lyof] . d / cfdf klg ;Fu} lyof}F . Psl5gkl5 s'lGg
s] sfd k¥of], cfdf 3/leq hfge' of] . hfg] a]nfdf eGge' of], æk|tfk Û efOnfO{ x]b{} u/
x} . p7]/ vf6af6 n8\5 ls †Æ
æx'G5 cfdf ÛÆ d}n] eg] .
Ps l5gkl5 dfYnf] 3/af6 dgf]h cfof] . xfdL ba' } ldn]/ cfFugdf Ps v6' \6] v]Ng
yfNof}F . slt v]/ xf], efO t AoFe' m]5 / vf6af6 vl;xfn]5 . p;sf] lrRofx6n] cfdf
bf}8b} s/fpFb} aflx/ lg:sge' of] . d klg em;ª\u ePF / efOsf] 5]p k'u]F . vf6af6 v:tf
efOsf] xft s'lxgfdf vl' :sP5 .
olt v]/ efO 7'nf] eO;Sof] . t/ cfh klg dnfO{ d]/f] efOsf] b]a|] xft cln aª\uf]
b]Vtf k5t' f] nfU5 .

;'gfO kf7–!@
-s_ d]/f] cfsfz 5g' ] /x/ 5 .

oxfF t /x/sf] af]6 ;lk|Psf] /x]5 .
-v_ pgLx¿ oxfFaf6 pQ/lt/ uP .

ltdLn] d]/f] k|Zgsf] pQ/ lbPgf} .
-u_ alxgLn] 3/sf] 9f]sfsf] ;fFrf] x/fOg\ .

cab]lv hlxn] klg ;fFrf] s'/f af]n .
-3_ km"naf/Ldf k'tnLx¿ 3'ld/x]sf 5g\ .

d]/L alxgLnfO{ aa' fn] ahf/af6 gofF k'tnL NofOlbg'eof] .
-ª_ of] 7fpFdf k|To]s ;fn klx/f] hfG5 .

;fn, l;;f}, vo/ cflb hxfF;s' } lsGg kfOFb}g .

169/fdf| ] gk] fnL sIff $

;'gfO kf7–!#
x k[YjLsf] &)=( k|ltzt ;tx kfgLn] 9flsPsf] 5 .
x Pp6f jo:s dfG5]sf] z/L/df nueu &) k|ltzt kfgL x'G5 .
x kfgLsf tLg cf]6f :j¿k x'G5g\– t/n, 7f]; / afkm .
x ;;+ f/sf] ;aeGbf 7n' f] dxf;fu/ k|zfGt dxf;fu/ xf] .
x ;;+ f/sf] ;aeGbf nfdf] gbL gfOn gbL xf] .
x z'4 kfgLsf] sg' } :jfb / af:gf xF'b}g .
x sfnL u08sLsf] vf]Fr -uN5L_ ;;+ f/s} ;a}eGbf ulx/f] vf]Fr xf] . 6f];nfO{ cGw

uN5L klg elgG5 . of] wf}nflul/ / cGgk0" f{sf] lardf /x]sf] 5 .
x ltlnrf] tfn ;+;f/s} ;a}eGbf cUnf] 7fpFdf /x]sf] tfn xf] . of] dgfª lhNnfdf

/x]sf] 5 . of] ;d'b|L ;xtaf6 $($( ld6/ prfOdf /x]sf] 5 .

;'gfO kf7–!$
cfpg'xf];\ Û g[To k|ltof]lutfdf ;xefuL eO{ k'/:sf/ lhTgx' f];\ †
g]kfn g[To ;ª\3, kf]v/fåf/f cfof]lht afng[To d]nfdf ;xefuL xg' x' f];\ †
sfo{qmd :yfg M kf]v/f l;6L xn, Go/' f]8
btf{ ldlt M @)&% df3 !% b]lv df3 @( ut];Dd
5gf]6 sfo{qmd M @)&% kmfug' ! b]lv # ut];Dd
k|ltof]lutf ldlt M @)&% kmfu'g & ut]
btf{ z'Ns M ?= %)) k|ltJolQm
k|yd k/' :sf/ M ?= !))))) / k|df0fkq
låtLo k'/:sf/ M ?= %)))) / k|df0fkq
t[tLo k'/:sf/ M ?= @%))) / k|df0fkq
b|i6JoM ;xefuL xg' rfxg] JolQmn] ljBfnosf] kl/kokq clgjfo{ b]vfpg'kg{]5 .
170 /fdf| ] g]kfnL sIff $

;'gfO kf7–!%
of] /]l8of] g]kfn xf] . ca k|d]z lu/Laf6 d'Vo ;dfrf/ ;G' g'xf];\ . cfh laxfg g]kfnL
6f]nLsf] ;kmn ;u/dfyf cf/f]x0f . tfKn]hª' df ;jf/L b[3{6gfdf k/L tLg hgfsf] d[To' .
cd]l/sfsf tLg hgf j}1flgsnfO{ o; jif{sf] gf]a]n k'/:sf/ . d]:;Lsf] xofl6«sn]
ch{]lG6gf ljZjskdf 5gf]6 .
ca ;dfrf/ lj:tf/df ;'Ggx' f];\ .

;g' fO kf7–!^
h]D; jf6 gfd u/]sf :s6NofG8sf j}1flgsn] jfik OlGhgsf] cfljisf/ u/]sf lyP .
jf6s} jfik OlGhgnfO{ /]nsf] OlGhgsf ¿kdf l/rf8{ 6«]lelysn] k|of]u u/L ;;+ f/s}
klxnf] /]n agfP . a]nfotL OlGhlgo/ l/rf8{n] pQm /]n ;g\ !*)$ df agfPsf lyP .
o;/L jfik OlGhgaf6 ;'? ePsf] /]nsf] Oltxf; clxn] l8h]n tyf ljB'tLo OlGhgdf
ljsl;t eO;s]sf] 5 . /]n oftfoft k[YjLsf] ;txdf dfq geP/ hldgdl' g klg
nfdfnfdf ;'?ª dfu{dfkm{t rNg yfn]sf 5g\ . ;'?df cf7 lsnf]ld6/ k|lt306fsf b/n]
rNg] /]n ca %)) lsnf]ld6/ k|lt306feGbf l56f] ultdf rNg ;Sg] ePsf 5g\ . o:tf
/]nx¿nfO{ a'n]6 6«]g elgG5 . /]n ;]jfn] ;+;f/sf] oftfoft ;]jfsf rfln; k|ltzteGbf
a9L :yfg cf]u]6]sf] 5 .

171/fdf| ] g]kfnL sIff $

sIff–$ ;g' fO af]nfO k9fO
l;sfO pknlAwsf] lj:t[tLs/0f

kf7qmd kf7 zLif{s

! /fd|}/fd|f ™ ljz]if kl/j]zdf -dlGb/, xf6ahf/, d]nf, ™ afnuLt / sljtfx¿ ult, olt / ™ ult, olt / no ldnfP/ :ki6

e]nf, hfqf cflb_ x'g] s/' fsfgL, 5nkmn, no ldnfO{ JolStut tyf ;dx" df pRr/0f u/L k9\g

j0f{g ;g' L k|ltlj|mof hgfpg xfpefp;lxt ufpg ™ lr7Lkq, ;dfrf/ / cGo

ljj/0fx¿ k9\g

@= df}sfdf lx/f ™ ljz]if kl/j]zdf -dlGb/, xf6ahf/, d]nf, ™ cfkmn" ] hfg]sf afnsyf, ™ ;/n syf÷sljtfx¿

kmf]g{' e]nf, hfqf cflb_ xg' ] s/' fsfgL, 5nkmn, ufpFvfg] syf / r6' \lsnf eGg xfpefp;lxt k9\g

j0f{g ;'gL k|ltlj|mof hgfpg ™ 36gfj|md ldnfpg

™ cfºgf] kl/j]zdf cfof]hgf x'g] sfo{j|md ™ kf7sf cfwf/df l7sa]l7s

-jfbljjfb, syfjfrg, k|jrg, gf6s, 56' \ofpg

nf]suLt cflb_ ;g' ]/ k|ltlj|mof lbg ™ kf7sf cfwf/df vfnL 7fpF eg{

#= PsfGtk|]dL ™ Ps}k6s lbPsf lgb]{zgx¿ ;'g]/ j|mlds ™ lrq j:t,' 36gf, k9]sf / ™ ;/n j0f{g olt, ult ldnfO{

hgfj/M efn' ¿kdf kfngf ug{ cge' j u/]sf s/' f l;nl;nf ;:j/ k9\g

™ ;fwf/0f ;r" gf ;'g]/ s;}nfO{ atfpg ldnfP/ :jfefljs ultdf df}lvs ™ ;/n syf÷sljtfx¿

j0f{g ug{ xfpefp;lxt k9\g

™ kf7sf cfwf/df l7sal] 7s

56' o\ fpg

$= cN5L eP vfg ™ Ps}k6s lbPsf lgb]{zgx¿ ;g' ]/ j|mlds ™ cfkmn" ] hfg]sf afnsyf, ™ ult, olt / no ldnfP/ :ki6

kfO“b}g ¿kdf kfngf ug{ ufpFvfg] syf / r'6\lsnf eGg pRr/0f u/L k9\g

™ ;fwf/0f ;"rgf ;g' ]/ s;}nfO{ atfpg ™ ;/n afn;flxTo df}g k7g

ug{

™ kf7sf cfwf/df l7sa]l7s

56' \ofpg

%= df6f] eGg' ™ Ps}k6s lbPsf lgb]{zgx¿ ;'g]/ j|mlds ™ lrq j:t', 36gf, k9]sf / ™ ;/n j0f{g olt, ult ldnfO{
l;h{gf xf] ¿kdf kfngf ug{
cge' j u/]sf s'/f l;nl;nf ;:j/ k9\g
™ ;fwf/0f ;r" gf ;g' ]/ s;}nfO{ atfpg
ldnfP/ :jfefljs ultdf df}lvs ™ ;/n syf÷sljtfx¿

j0f{g ug{ xfpefp;lxt k9\g

™ afnuLt / sljtfx¿ ult, olt / ™ kf7sf cfwf/df vfnL 7fpF

no ldnfO{ JolStut tyf ;d"xdf eg{

xfpefp;lxt ufpg

^= ;fOdgsf ™ cfºgf] kl/j]zdf cfof]hgf xg' ] sfo{j|md ™ gd:t], gd:sf/, ltdL, tkfO{F, ™ lr7Lkq, ;dfrf/ / cGo

aa' fsf] lrgf/L -jfbljjfb, syfjfrg, k|jrg, gf6s, xh/' , wGojfb, dfkm ug'{xf]nf, ljj/0fx¿ k9\g

nf]suLt cflb_ ;g' ]/ k|ltlj|mof lbg Ifdf ug'{xf]nf, s[kof, xj;\ cflb ™ ;/n afn;flxTo df}g k7g

lzi6frf/ zAb k|of]u ug{ ug{

™ ;fwf/0f ljifodf xfpefp;lxt ™ kf7sf cfwf/df l7sa]l7s

;j+ fb tyf clego ug{ 5'6\ofpg

&= cflv/ /fhf ™ cfºgf] kl/j]zdf cfof]hgf x'g] sfo{j|md ™ ;o+ S' t j0f{ ePsf zAbx¿sf] z'4 ™ ;/n j0f{g olt, ult ldnfO{

d"v{ ;flat -jfbljjfb, syfjfrg, k|jrg, gf6s, pRrf/0f u/L :jfefljs ultdf ;:j/ k9\g

eof] nf]suLt cflb_ ;g' ]/ k|ltlj|mof lbg af]Ng ™ ;/n syf÷sljtfx¿

™ cF, rflxF, lg h:tf y]uf] k|of]u xfpefp;lxt k9\g

gu/L :jfefljs ultdf af]Ng ™ kf7sf cfwf/df l7sa]l7s

™ cfkmn" ] hfg]sf afnsyf, 5'6\ofpg

ufpFvfg] syf / r'6\lsnf eGg

*= ;fOsn ™ ljz]if kl/j]zdf -dlGb/, xf6ahf/, d]nf, ™ lrq j:t', 36gf, k9]sf / ™ ;/n afn;flxTo df}g k7g
ug{
e]nf, hfqf cflb_ x'g] s'/fsfgL, 5nkmn, cg'ej u/]sf s'/f l;nl;nf
™ kf7sf cfwf/df l7sa]l7s
j0f{g ;'gL k|ltlj|mof hgfpg ldnfP/ :jfefljs ultdf df}lvs 56' \ofpg

j0f{g ug{

172 /fd|f] gk] fnL sIff $

n]vfO sfo{d"ns Jofs/0f zAbe08f/
™ gfdx¿ n]Vg
™ lgb]{zgsf cfwf/df ze' sfdgf kq, lr7L / ™ lgb]{zgsf cfwf/df zAblgdf{0f ug{ ™ ;Gbe{cg;' f/ zAbsf] cy{
ljBfnosf] lgj]bg n]Vg atfpg
™ lgb]{zgsf cfwf/df zAb lgdf{0f ug{
™ :jtGq ¿kdf z'esfdgf kq, lr7L / ™ p:t} cy{ cfpg] zAb n]Vg
ljBfnosf] lgj]bg n]Vg ™ pN6f] cy{ cfpg] zAb n]Vg

™ kf7k9L ;f]lwPsf k|Zgsf] pQ/ n]Vg ™ k|tLsfTds zAb n]Vg
™ ;+o'St j0f{sf] ;xL k|of]u ug{ ™ 6'Ssf / cy{sf] hf]8f ldnfpg
™ kf7k9L ;f]lwPsf k|Zgsf] pQ/ n]Vg
™ kf7sf cfwf/df a9fP/ n]Vg ™ ljz]if0f ljz]ifsf] ;ª\ult ldnfP/ af]Ng / ™ lrq x]/]/ zAb eGg / n]Vg
™ kf7k9L ;f]lwPsf k|Zgsf] pQ/ n]Vg n]Vg ™ p:t} cy{ cfpg] zAb n]Vg
™ kf7sf cfwf/df a9fP/ n]Vg
™ lgb]{zgsf cfwf/df zAb lgdf{0f ug{
™ cfkmn" fO{ dg kg]{ lrqx¿ / cGo ;/n ™ ljelQm k|of]u u/L jfSo agfpg
ljifoj:t'sf] lnlvt j0f{g ug{ ™ ljz]if0fsf] ;xL k|of]u ug{

™ ;/n cg'R5]b >l' tn]vg ug{ ™ jrgcg;' f/ stf{;Fu lj|mofsf] d]n ug{ ™ ;Gbe{cg';f/ zAbsf] cy{
™ kf7k9L ;f]lwPsf k|Zgsf] pQ/ n]Vg ™ …dÚ, …tFÚ, …ltdLÚ, …tkfO{FÚ, …pmÚ / …Tof]Ú atfpg

™ ;+oS' t j0f{sf] ;xL k|of]u ug{ stf{;Fu pko'St lj|mofsf] k|of]u ug{ ™ cfkm"n] hfg]sf zAb k|of]u u/L
™ kf7k9L ;f]lwPsf k|Zgsf] pQ/ n]Vg ™ s/0fcs/0f agfpg cfºgf cg'ejsf s'/f eGg /
™ kf7sf cfwf/df a9fP/ n]Vg n]Vg
™ kl' nª\u / :qLlnª\ucg';f/ lj|mofsf] d]n ug{
™ z4' / ;kmf;Fu cg'n]vg ug{ ™ gfdx¿ n]Vg ™ p:t} cy{ cfpg] zAb n]Vg
™ lgb]{zgsf cfwf/df ze' sfdgf kq, lr7L / ™ sfnsf cfwf/df lj|mofkb abNg
™ ;Gbe{cg';f/ zAbsf] cy{
ljBfnosf] lgj]bg n]Vg atfpg
™ kf7k9L ;f]lwPsf k|Zgsf] pQ/ n]Vg
™ kf7sf cfwf/df a9fP/ n]Vg ™ pN6f] cy{ cfpg] zAb n]Vg
™ /ªsf gfd atfpg

™ cfkmn" fO{ dg kg]{ lrqx¿ / cGo ;/n ™ af, cfdf, bfh', lbbL, efO, alxgLh:tf ™ ;Gbe{cg;' f/ zAbsf] cy{
ljifoj:t'sf] lnlvt j0f{g ug{ kb;Fu lj|mofsf] d]n ug{ atfpg

™ ;/n cgR' 5]b >'ltn]vg ug{ ™ ;fdfGo jtd{ fg sfn ko| fu] u/L afN] g / nV] g ™ p:t} cy{ cfpg] zAb n]Vg
™ ;fdfGo et" sfnsf] k|of]u u/L af]Ng / n]Vg
™ cfkmn" fO{ dg kg]{ lrqx¿ / cGo ;/n ™ ;fdfGo eljiot\ sfnsf] ko| fu] u/L afN] g / nV] g ™ ;Gbe{cg;' f/ zAbsf] cy{
ljifoj:ts' f] lnlvt j0f{g ug{ ™ ljz]if0fsf] ;xL k|of]u ug{ atfpg

™ ;+o'St j0f{sf] ;xL k|of]u ug{ ™ kl' nª\u / :qLlnª\ucg';f/ lj|mofsf] d]n ug{ ™ cfkm"n] hfg]sf zAb k|of]u u/L
™ ;/n cgR' 5]b >'ltn]vg ug{ ™ ;fdfGo e"tsfnsf] k|of]u u/L af]Ng / n]Vg cfºgf cg'ejsf s'/f eGg /
™ k"0f{lj/fd, cNklj/fd k|Zgjfrs / p4/0f ™ ljz]if0fsf] ;xL k|of]u ug{ n]Vg

lrGxsf] k|of]u ug{ ™ p:t} cy{ cfpg] zAb n]Vg

™ ;o+ S' t j0f{sf] ;xL k|of]u ug{ ™ tflnsfaf6 pko'St jfSo agfpg ™ ;Gbe{cg;' f/ zAbsf] cy{
™ z'4 / ;kmf;Fu cgn' ]vg ug{ ™ lgb]{zgsf cfwf/df zAb lgdf{0f ug{ atfpg
™ kf7k9L ;f]lwPsf k|Zgsf] pQ/ n]Vg ™ ljelQm k|of]u u/L jfSo agfpg

173/fd|f] gk] fnL sIff $

(= cfpm † ;“u} ™ Ps}k6s lbPsf lgb]{zgx¿ ;g' ]/ j|mlds ™ gd:t], gd:sf/, ltdL, tkfO{F, ™ ult, olt / no ldnfP/ :ki6

hfcf}“ ¿kdf kfngf ug{ xh/' , wGojfb, dfkm ug{'xf]nf, pRr/0f u/L k9\g

™ ;fwf/0f ;r" gf ;g' ]/ s;}nfO{ atfpg Ifdf ug'{xf]nf, s[kof, xj;\ cflb ™ ;/n afn;flxTo df}g k7g

lzi6frf/ zAb k|of]u ug{ ug{

™ ;fwf/0f ljifodf xfpefp;lxt ™ kf7sf cfwf/df vfnL 7fpF

;j+ fb tyf clego ug{ eg{

™ afnuLt / sljtfx¿ ult, olt /

no ldnfO{ JolStut tyf ;d"xdf

xfpefp;lxt ufpg

!)= hª\unL ™ ;/' sf cfwf/df p:t} h:tf ;l' gg] ™ k|f0fLsf cfjfhsf] gSsn ug{ ™ ult, olt / no ldnfP/ :ki6
pRr/0f u/L k9\g
l6p/fsf] Ps jfSox¿ ;g' ]/ ltgLx¿sf] km/s cy{
™ kf7sf cfwf/df l7sa]l7s
lbg atfpg 56' \ofpg

™ k|f0fLsf cfjfh 5'6\ofpg

!!= k5t' f] ™ cfºgf] kl/j]zdf cfof]hgf x'g] sfo{j|md ™ ;fwf/0f ljifodf xfpefp;lxt ™ kf7sf cfwf/df l7sa]l7s
-jfbljjfb, syfjfrg, k|jrg, gf6s, ;j+ fb tyf clego ug{ 56' \ofpg
nf]suLt cflb_ ;'g]/ k|ltlj|mof lbg
™ kf7sf cfwf/df jQmf
klxNofpg

!@= cfsfz 5'g] ™ ;/' sf cfwf/df p:t} h:tf ;l' gg] ™ lrq j:t', 36gf, k9]sf / ™ kf]:6/, leQ]kfqf], x:tlnlvt
/x/ jfSox¿ ;g' ]/ ltgLx¿sf] km/s cy{ cg'ej u/]sf s'/f l;nl;nf ;fdu|L cflb k9\g
atfpg ldnfP/ :jfefljs ultdf df}lvs
j0f{g ug{ ™ kf7sf cfwf/df jStf
klxNofpg

!#= kfgL ™ Ps}k6s lbPsf lgb]{zgx¿ ;g' ]/ j|mlds ™ lrq j:t', 36gf, k9]sf / ™ ult, olt / no ldnfP/ :ki6
¿kdf kfngf ug{ cge' j u/]sf s'/f l;nl;nf pRr/0f u/L k9\g
ldnfP/ :jfefljs ultdf df}lvs
™ ;fwf/0f ;"rgf ;'g]/ s;}nfO{ atfpg j0f{g ug{ ™ kf7sf cfwf/df vfnL 7fpF
™ ;/' sf cfwf/df p:t} h:tf ;l' gg] jfSox¿ eg{

;g' /] ltgLx¿sf] km/s cy{ atfpg

!$= labfsf nflu ™ Ps}k6s lbPsf lgb]{zgx¿ ;g' ]/ j|mlds ™ gd:t], gd:sf/, ltdL tkfO{F, ™ kf]:6/, leQ]kfqf], x:tlnlvt

lgj]bg ¿kdf kfngf ug{ xh'/, wGojfb, dfkm ug'{xf]nf, ;fdu|L cflb k9\g

™ ;fwf/0f ;r" gf ;'g]/ s;}nfO{ atfpg Ifdf ug'{xf]nf, s[kof, xj;\ cflb ™ lr7Lkq, ;dfrf/ / cGo

™ /]l8of] 6]lnlehgdf k|;f/0f ePsf afn lzi6frf/ zAb k|of]u ug{ ljj/0fx¿ k9\g

pkof]uL sfo{j|md ;'g]/ k|ltlj|mof agfpg ™ ;fwf/0f ljifodf xfpefp;lxt

;j+ fb tyf clego ug{

!%= dg' f / df]afOn ™ ljz]if kl/j]zdf -dlGb/, xf6ahf/, d]nf, ™ lrq j:t', 36gf, k9]sf / ™ ;/n syf÷sljtfx¿

kmf]g e]nf, hfqf cflb_ xg' ] s/' fsfgL, 5nkmn, cge' j u/]sf s'/f l;nl;nf xfpefp;lxt k9\g

j0f{g ;g' L k|ltlj|mof hgfpg ldnfP/ :jfefljs ultdf df}lvs ™ kf7sf cfwf/df jQmf

™ /]l8of] 6]lnlehgdf k|;f/0f ePsf afn j0f{g ug{ klxNofpg

pkof]uL sfo{j|md ;'g]/ k|ltlj|mof agfpg

!^= oftfoftsf ™ ljz]if kl/j]zdf -dlGb/, xf6ahf/, d]nf, ™ ;o+ S' t j0f{ ePsf zAbx¿sf] z4' ™ kf7sf cfwf/df l7sa]l7s

;fwg / logsf] e]nf, hfqf cflb_ xg' ] s/' fsfgL, 5nkmn, pRrf/0f u/L :jfefljs ultdf afN] g 5'6\ofpg

dxŒj j0f{g ;g' L k|ltlj|mof hgfpg ™ lrq j:t,' 36gf, k9s] f / cge' j ™ kf7sf cfwf/df vfnL 7fpF

u/s] f s/' f l;nl;nf ldnfP/ eg{

:jfefljs ultdf dfl} vs j0fg{ ug{

174 /fdf| ] gk] fnL sIff $

™ ;+oS' t j0f{sf] ;xL k|of]u ug{ ™ lgb]{zgsf cfwf/df zAb lgdf{0f ug{ ™ zAbcg';f/ lrq agfpg
™ z4' / ;kmf;Fu cgn' ]vg ug{ ™ jfSo kl/jt{g ug{ ™ ;Gbe{cg';f/ zAbsf] cy{
™ k"0f{lj/fd, cNklj/fd k|Zgjfrs / p4/0f
atfpg
lrGxsf] k|of]u ug{ ™ p:t} cy{ cfpg] zAb n]Vg
™ kf7k9L ;f]lwPsf k|Zgsf] pQ/ n]Vg ™ pN6f] cy{ cfpg] zAb n]Vg
™ kf7sf cfwf/df a9fP/ n]Vg

™ z'4 / ;kmf;Fu cg'n]vg ug{ ™ lgb]{zgsf cfwf/df zAblgdf{0f ug{ ™ lrq x]/]/ zAb eGg / n]Vg
™ kf7k9L ;f]lwPsf k|Zgsf] pQ/ n]Vg ™ jfSo kl/jt{g ug{ ™ ;Gbec{ g;' f/ zAbsf] cy{ atfpg
™ p:t} cy{ cfpg] zAb n]Vg
™ ;+o'St j0f{sf] ;xL k|of]u ug{ ™ pN6f] cy{ cfpg] zAb n]Vg
™ kf7k9L ;f]lwPsf k|Zgsf] pQ/ n]Vg ™ k|f0fL / cfjfh tyf k|f0fL /

™ ;o+ S' t j0f{sf] ;xL k|of]u ug{ aRrf n]Vg
™ rGb|laGb' / lz/laGbs' f] k|of]u ug{
™ kl/lrt zAbx¿ x|:jbL3{ ldnfP/ n]Vg ™ kl' nª\u / :qLlnª\ucg';f/ lj|mofsf] d]n ug{ ™ ;Gbe{cg;' f/ zAbsf] cy{
™ afGsL ldn]sf j0f{x¿ l7s b'/Ldf n]Vg ™ lgb]{zgsf cfwf/df zAblgdf{0f ug{ atfpg
™ z'4 / ;kmf;Fu cgn' ]vg ug{
™ ;/n cg'R5]b >'ltn]vg ug{ ™ p:t} cy{ cfpg] zAb n]Vg
™ cfkm"nfO{ dg kg]{ lrqx¿ / cGo ;/n ™ cfkmn" ] hfgs] f zAb ko| fu] u/L

ljifoj:t'sf] lnlvt j0f{g ug{ cfºgf cge' jsf s/' f eGg / nV] g
™ kf7 k9L ;f]lwPsf k|Zgsf] pQ/ n]Vg
™ kf7sf cfwf/df a9fP/ n]Vg ™ ;fdfGo jt{dfg sfn k|of]u u/L af]Ng / n]Vg ™ ;Gbe{cg';f/ zAbsf] cy{

™ lgb]{zgsf cfwf/df zAb lgdf{0f ug{ atfpg

™ pN6f] cy{ cfpg] zAb n]Vg
™ 6'Ssf / cy{sf] hf]8f ldnfpg

™ gfdx¿ n]Vg ™ ;Gbe{cg';f/ zAbsf] cy{
™ ljelQm k|of]u u/L jfSo agfpg atfpg

™ pN6f] cy{ cfpg] zAb n]Vg

™ afGsL ldn]sf j0f{x¿l7s b'/Ldf n]Vg ™ …dÚ, …tFÚ, …ltdLÚ, …tkfO{FÚ, …pmÚ / …Tof]Ú ™ lrq x]/]/ zAb eGg / n]Vg
™ lgb]{zgsf cfwf/df z'esfdgf kq, lr7L / stf{;Fu pko'St lj|mofsf] k|of]u ug{ ™ ;Gbe{cg';f/ zAbsf] cy{

ljBfnosf] lgj]bg n]Vg ™ ljz]if0f ljz]ifsf] ;ª\ult ldnfP/ af]Ng / atfpg
™ :jtGq ¿kdf ze' sfdgf kq, lr7L / n]Vg ™ ;ª\lIfKt ¿k / ltgsf k/" f ¿k

ljBfnosf] lgj]bg n]Vg ™ s/0fcs/0f agfpg atfpg
™ kf7k9L ;f]lwPsf k|Zgsf] pQ/ n]Vg ™ jfSo kl/jt{g ug{
™ lrq x]/]/ zAb eGg / n]Vg
™ cfkm"nfO{ dg kg]{ lrqx¿ / cGo ;/n ™ sfnsf cfwf/df lj|mofkb abNg ™ ;Gbe{cg';f/ zAbsf] cy{
ljifoj:t'sf] lnlvt j0f{g ug{ ™ jfSo kl/jt{g ug{
atfpg
™ afGsL ldn]sf j0f{x¿ l7s b'/Ldf n]Vg ™ p:t} cy{ cfpg] zAb n]Vg
™ kf7k9L ;f]lwPsf k|Zgsf] pQ/ n]Vg

™ cfkm"nfO{ dg kg]{ lrqx¿ / cGo ;/n ™ Psjrgsf b'O{ jf b'O{eGbf a9L kbaf6 ™ lrq x]/]/ zAb eGg / n]Vg
ljifoj:ts' f] lnlvt j0f{g ug{ axj' rgcg';f/ stf{;Fu lj|mofsf] d]n ug{ ™ p:t} cy{ cfpg] zAb n]Vg
™ pN6f] cy{ cfpg] zAb n]Vg
™ kf7sf cfwf/df a9fP/ n]Vg ™ >'lt;d leGgfy{s zAb hf]8Lsf
™ z'4 / ;kmf;Fu cgn' ]vg ug{
cy{ eGg / n]Vg

175/fd|f] gk] fnL sIff $