BhasaBagaincha 3

efiff aur} F f – # sfod{ n" s Jofs/0f

!= lbPsf jfSo k9 M
s= gfltgL 3/ 5]psf] rf}tf/fdf a;s] L 5] .
gflt 3/ 5]psf] rft} f/fdf a;]sf] 5 .
v= 7n" Lcfdf kfgL lng wf/fdf cfpgx' 'G5 .
7"nf]aa' f kfgL lng wf/fdf cfpgx' G' 5 .
u= ;'Gb/L wf/fdf 5 ] .
;G' b/ wf/fdf 5 .

@= dflysf jfSo /ª ldNg] sf7] fdf nv] M

oL jfSon] :qLlnË ae' mfp5F g \ . oL jfSon] kl' nË ae' mfp5F g \ .

#= :qLlnËsf jfSonfO{ kl' nË agfpm M
pbfx/0f M h7] L lbbL kfgL egx{' 'G5 . – h]7f] bfh' kfgL eg{'xG' 5 .
s= dgf/] df ¿v /fK] 5] .
================================================================================
v= km' k" 9Ë' ]wf/f] hf]ufpgx' 'G5 .
================================================================================
u= xh/' cfdf syf eGgx' G' 5 .
================================================================================
3= alxgL kfgLsf] ;+/If0f u5{] .
================================================================================

50

ª= 5f/] L ;kmf / z4' kfgL vfG5] . efiff au} Frf – #
================================================================================

nv] g cEof;

cgn' ]vg

lbPsf] cgR' 5b] h:tfsf] To:t} ;f/ M
kfgLljgf s'g} hLj afRF g ;Sb}g . xfdLnfO{ vfg, g'xfpg, n'uf w'g /
cGo sfd ug{ kfgL rflxG5  . kfgLsf] ;tx la:tf/} 36b\ } uO/xs] f] 5  .
Ps lbg hldgdl' gsf] kfgL klg ;lsg ;S5 . xfdLn] hldgdl' gsf]
kfgL ;'Sg lbg'x'Fbg}  . 3/jl/kl/ vfnL hldg 5f8] \gk' 5 { . vfnL
hldgdf ¿v /f]Kgk' 5{ . kfgLsf] ;|ft] :jR5 /fVgk' 5{ .

;d"x sfo{
;a}n] kf7 kN6fpm . kf7sf] ;?' b]lv …oxfF a:g] dflg;sf]
;ªV\ of a9o\ fÚ] ;Dd h:tfsf] To:t} ;f/ . ;fyL;Fu sfkL
;f6f;f6 u/ . lstfa kN6fP/ ;fyLsf] sfkL hfrF  . uNtL
ePsf] cIf/df -_ lrXg nufpm . sfkL hfRF bf /fd|/L x/]  .
rf/j6f ;d"xdf a; . ;ae} Gbf :ki6 / z'4 nv] s] f] sfkL 5fg .
;a} ;dx" sf kl| tlglw cufl8 hfpm . ;a} ;d"xaf6 5flgPsf
sfkL hDdf u/ . tLdWo] pTs[i6 sfkL 5fg . Tof] sfkL x'g]
;fyLnfO{ tfnL ahfP/ awfO{ b]pm .

51

efiff aur} F f – # l;h{gfTds n]vg

!= lhtaxfb'/ / cGhgf ag/] lbPsf] ;j+ fb clego u/ M

lhtaxfb/' M cGhgf, lxhf] ltdL
sxfF uPsL lyof} <

cGhgf M d lxhf] dfdfsf]
laxfdf uPsL lyPF <

lhtaxfb/' M d ltdLnfO{ e6] g\
cfPsf] lyPF lg Û

cGhgf M P Û ltdL t d gePsf] an] fdf kf] cfP5f } .
lhtaxfb'/ M ltdLn] efh] klg vfof} xfn] f xfO] g <
cGhgf M xf] t Û ef]hdf dL7fdL7f kl/sf/ /flvPsf lyP .

d}n] l/sfkLel/ vfgf lnP F . k6] el/ vfPF clg clnslt
kmflnlbPF .
lhtaxfb'/ M lsg kmfns] L t <
cGhgf M ToxfF h;n] klg vfgf kmfn]s} lyP .
lhtaxfb'/ M c¿n] kmfn] eGbd} f cfk"mn] klg kmfNg] xf] t cGhgf <
vfgs] '/f t rflxg] hlt dfq yfndf lng'k5{ . xfdLn]
kmfNofF} eg] csf]{ dfG5]nfO{ vfgf gk'Ug ;S5 .
cGhgf M c¿n] rflxF lsg vfgf kmfn]sf t lht <
lhtaxfb'/ M ljZjdf vfg]s/' f ;Lldt dfq pTkfbg xG' 5 eGg]
c¿nfO{ yfxf 5g} xf]nf lg . xfdLn] vfg]s/' f kmfNbf
csf{n] ] vfg kfpFbg}  .
cGhgf M o:tf] s/' f t dnfO{ yfx} lyPg . lht, cab]lv d
vfgs] /' f slxNo} kmflNbg F .

52

lhtaxfb/' M ltdLn] /fd|f] s/' f u¥of } . o:tf] s/' f ltdL c¿nfO{ klg
l;sfpm x } .

@= lbPsf] ;+jfb k"/f u/ M efiff au} Frf – #

ladn M /fhg, ltdL sxfF hfg nfu]sf
xf} <

/fhg M ======================================
ladn M ltdLnfO{ ss] ] lsGg' 5 / <
/fhg M ======================================
ladn M P Û cfh c;f/sf] kGw| xf ] .

cfh bxL lrp/f vfg'k5{ eg]/
dn} ] t e';'Ss} la;{5] ' .
/fhg M ======================================
ladn M kv kv, d klg ltdLl;t}
hfG5' .
/fhg M =========================================

ko| fu] ul/;sk] l5 kfgL
wf/f aGb xfdf| ]
u/f F} . hLjg
xf ] .
vN] bfvN] b}

kf7 k9]kl5 ltdLn] kfgLsf] ;+/If0f
ug'k{ 5{ eGg] hfGof } . lbPsf gdg' f
Kns] f8{ x/]  . ;a}n] To:t} Kn]sf8{
agfpm  . kfgLsf] ;+/If0faf/] rt] gf
¥ofnLsf] cfof]hgf u/ .

53

efiff aur} F f – # ;:+ sf/ /

$PsfO ;+:s[lt

cfvF L‰ofn
cfgf] ;d'bfosf] ;+:sl[ t emNsg] sg' } Pp6f kmf]6f] 6fF; . To;nfO{
cfwf/ agfO{ rf/ jfSo nv] M

==============================================================================
==============================================================================
==============================================================================
==============================================================================

54

!kf7 cfdf

cfdf, d ltd}| lko| sfvdf 5' – s[i0fk;| fb k/fh'nL
o} b]zsf] ;G' b/ jf;df 5'
dfof dnfO{ h'g ¿v lbG5
5fof lkof/f] p;s} t x'G5 .

cfdf, d ltd}| lbndf km' ns] f]
x'F sf]lknf] afult/} em' ns] f]
ltd|f] b'v];f] ca a‰' g ;S5'
cfFwLx'/Ldf klg s'bg\ ;S5' .

wtL{ 5 x¿] F /d0fLo d]/f]
gfRb} nufpm,F o;s} d km] /f]
dr] L / sfnL lxpsF f] d 5fof
cfdf, d ltd}| ddtf / dfof .

tL xft d]/f] lz/dfly /fv
cfdf, pHofnf] 3/leq 8fs
r9"F rn' Ldf, gu¿F laofFnf]
p7L x6fpmF, husf] tj' fFnf] .
zAb / c {y
efiff a }u Frf – #
o} – oxL lk|o – Kof/f ] jf; – a:g] 7fpF

;G' b/ – /fdf| ] lkof/f] – Kof/f] lbn – dg

afu – aur}F f bv' ];f] – b'Mv /d0fLo – /dfOnf

rn' L – 6fs'/f ] laofnF f] – l9nf]

t'jFfnf] – cfsfzdf b]lvg] kftnf] s'lx/f] h:tf] j:t'

55

z4' pRrf/0f wtL{ lxpF laofnF f]
pHofnf] /d0fLo b'v];f]
lbPsf zAb ;'g / eg M
lko| cfwF Lx/' L
t'jfFnf] x6fpmF

afw] / cleJolQm

efiff aur} F f – # != kf7sf] sljtf no xfn]/ k9 .

lbPsf] sljtf no xfn]/ k9 M

@= lbPsf k|Zgsf] pQ/ nv] M nfUb5 dnfO{ /dfOnf]

s= ltdLnfO{ s;sf] 5fof Kof/f] nfU5 < d]/} kfvf kv/] f]

v= ltdL s:tf] sfl] knf] xf} < lxdfn r'nLdlGt/

u= ltdL cfdfsf] s] a'‰g ;S5f} < kfgL eg{] kwF /] f ] ..

3= ltdL s]sf] km] /f] nufp5F f} < ns] } x]¿F nfnLu'/f;F

ª= ltdL s;sf] 5fof xf} < a];L x]¿F KofpnL

r= ltdL r'nLdf s;/L r95\ f} < lk/tL af:g] k/]jf

#= kbj|md ldnfO{ nv] M lj/x af]Ng] GofpnL

s= wtL{ x¿] F /d0fLo d .

v= gfRb} nufpmF o;s} d km] /f] .

u= xF' sfl] knf] afult/} d em' ns] f] .

56

3= dfof dnfO{ ¿vn] lbG5 . efiff au} Frf – #
ª= tL xft d]/f] lz/dfly /fv .
$= lbPsf x/kmaf6 s] a‰' 5f} < nv] M
r9F" rn' Ldf gu¿F laofFnf]
p7L x6fpmF husf] tj' fFnf] ..

cfŠgf cge' j ;f6f;f6 u/M
ltdL slxNo} cfdf;Fu l/;fPsf 5f} <

?

;fr] / egM
ltdL lsg cfdfnfO{ dfof / cfb/ u5f}{ <

>l' t nv] g ¿v sfl] knf] b'v;] f]
laofnF f] cFfwLx/' L tj' fFnf]
lbPsf zAb ;g' / n]v M
;'Gb/ jf;
wtL{ afu

57

z4' nv] g

z4' agfO{ sf]7fdf n]v M

ko[ o } lkof/f]

bLn jfu cfFlwxl' /

/dl0fP dfofF ljofnF f]

zAbe08f/

!= kf7af6 p:t} ;l' gg] vfh] /] nv] M

pbfx/0f M sfvdf – af;df

efiff aur} F f – # lbG5' – ================= km' ns] f] – =================

d]/f] – ================= 5fof – =================

/fv – ================= laofnF f ] – =================
@= zAb / cy{sf] hf]8f ldnfpm M

lz/ kd]|

dfof 6fpsf]

b]z dg

lbn /fi6«

/d0fLo j]u;Fu rn]sf] xfjf

x/' L /dfOnf]

w/tL 6fs'/f]

rn' L k[YjL

58

#= cfdf, aa' f h:t} cf7j6f gftf ae' mfpg] zAb nv] M

n]vg cEof;

cg'nv] g efiff au} Frf – #

lbPsf] sljtf h:tfsf] To:t} sfkLdf ;f/ M

tL xft d]/f] lz/dfly /fv
cfdf, pHofnf] 3/leq 8fs
r9F" r'nLdf gu¿F laofnF f]
p7L x6fpmF, husf] tj' fnF f]

l;h{gfTds n]vg

ldNbf] zAb /fvL sljtf k"/f u/ M

x]/ x/] ===============df -cfsfz, e'OF_
slt /fd|f]====================== -rGb|df, laxflg_
7n" f] ====================== eP/ -dfG5], lbn_
p8L hfG5' ============= df . -xfjf, ljdfg_
============== n] 5fK] b5 -s'lx/f], kxf8_
=========== sf] hg" nfO{ -k"l0fd{ f, w/tL_
/x:o 5 ================ -h;df, b]zdf_
=================== 5'gnfO { . -;lhnf] 5, uf/f] xG' 5_

59

@kf7 gfu/fhsf] ef6] f]

– cg'kf yfkf

plxn]sf] s/' f xf] . Ps lbg gfu/fh pbf; eP/ 6fb} xsf]
5]pdf al;/x]sf lyP . Ps hgf ls;fgn] pgnfO{ b]v ] . ls;fgn]
gfu/fhnfO{ eg,] æbzg{   Û gfu/fh, w]/} lbgb]lv xh/' nfO{ pbf; bV] 5'  .
s] bM' v k¥of] dxf/fh < d s]xL ug{ ;S5' ls <Æ gfu/fhn] pQ/
lbP, æltdLn] 7Ls eGof } . d/] L kTgLsf] cfFvf bv' ]sf] w]/} lbg eof ] .

efiff aur} F f – #

zAb / c {y pbf; – lrlGtt, lbSbf/

60

pgsf] cfFvfsf] /fu] lgsf] kfg{ ;Sg] dflg; sf]xL el] 6G5 ls eg/]
vf]lh/x]sf] 5' . ltdLn] s;n} fO{ lrgs] f 5f} ls <Æ

ls;fgn] gfu/fhsf] b'Mv yfxf kfP . pgn] /fgLsf] cfFvfdf s] ePsf]
xf] < cfFvf slxn]bl] v bv' ]sf] xf] < ss] ] cf}iflw ul/of] eGg] k|Zg u/ ] .
gfu/fhn] klg /fgLsf] /fu] sf af/]df ;a} s/' f atfP . ;a} s'/f
;g' k] l5 ls;fg glhss} f] emf8Ldf uP . Ps l5gkl5 pgn] s]xL
h8La6' L NofP . pgn] h8La6' L gfu/fhnfO{ lbFb} eg,] ædxf/fh, of]
a'6Lsf] emf]n /fgLsf] cfFvfdf /flvlbgx' fn] f . of] h8La6' L ksfP/
klg vfg lbgx' fn] f . /fgLsf] cfvF f bv' s] f] lgsf] xG' 5 .Æ

gfu/fhn] h8La6' L lnP . pgL cfˆgf] b/af/lt/ nfu ] . csf]{ lbg
ls;fgn] gfu/fhnfO{ km] l/ e6]  ] . pgn] /fhfl;t /fgLnfO{ s:tf] eof]
egL ;f]w]  . gfu/fhn] v;' L eP/ eg,] æ/fgL t clxn] ;Grf] eO;lsg\  .Æ
gfu/fhn] cfkm" n] nufPsf] ef]6f] ls;fgnfO{ pkxf/ lbP . ef6] fdf
xL/f / dl0f hl8Psf] lyof] . ls;fgn] ;?' df ef]6f] lng dfg]gg\ .
pgn] /fhfnfO{ eg,] ædxf/fh, olt ;fgf] ;j] fsf nflu pkxf/
rflxbF }g .Æ gfu/fhn] ls;fgnfO{ ef6] f] lngk} 5{ eg/] s/ nufP .
gfu/fhn] eg,] æof] ef6] f] nufPkl5 ltdLn] lrtfPsf] s/' f k'U5  . ltd|f]
bM' v ;lsG5 .Æ ls;fgn] ef]6f] lnP / gfu/fhnfO{ wGojfb lbP .

ls;fg ef]6f] lnP/ v';L xbF' } 3/ kmsb{+ } lyP . af6fdf pgnfO{
lk;fan] RofKof] . v]tsf] l8ndf ef]6f] /fv]/ pgL lk;fa km] g{ uP .
zAb / c {y
efiff a }u Frf – #
lgsf] – ;Grf ] emf8L – afSnf] hËn

h8La'6L – cf}iflwdf k|ofu] x'g] emf/kft

emf]n – /; s/ – l9kL, hf]8, lh2L

l8n – v]tsf] cfnL

61

efiff aur} F f – # pgL kms+b{ f ef6] f] lyPg . pgn] lgs}a]/ ef6] f] vf]h] t/ ef6] f] st}
klg kfOPg . pgL To;} 3/ kms{] .

ls;fg To; jifs{ f] /ftf] dl5Gbg| fysf] hfqf x]g{ hfjnfvn]
uP . ToxfF pgn] Ps hgf dflg;n] cfˆgf] ef6] f] nfPsf] bv]  ] .
pgn] To;;Fu ef]6f] dfu] . To;n] ef]6f] cfˆgf] xf] eg/] lh2L
u¥of ] . ls;fg / Tof] dflg;aLr ef6] fsf] ljifodf ljjfb eof ] .
ljjfb g6ª' l\ uPkl5 …h;n] kd| f0f lnP/ cfpF5, p;}n] ef6] f] kfp5F Ú
eg]/ /yaf6 3f]if0ff ul/of ] . ls;fg / ef6] f] nufpg] dflg; s;n} ]
kd| f0f lbg ;s]gg \ . Tof] ef]6f] a'ª\dtLdf /xs] f] /ftf] dl5Gbg| fysf]
dlGb/df nu]/ /flvof ] .

zAb / c {y hfqf – kj{df dgfOg] pT;j ljjfb – ljrf/sf] leGgtf

k0| ffd – ;a't /y – 3f]8fn] tfGg] uf8f

62

To;kl5 x/]s jif{ hfjnfv]ndf x'g] /ftf] dl5Gbg| fysf] hfqfdf
ef]6f] bv] fP/ …of] ef6] f] s;sf] xf] <Ú egL ;f]Wg] rng rn]sf] xf ] .
ef6] f] b]vfpg] hfqfnfO{ …ef]6fh] fqfÚ elgG5 . clxn;] Dd s;n} ] klg
Tof] ef]6f] d]/f] xf] eg]/ kd| f0f lbg ;s]sf] 5g}  .

z'4 pRrf/0f dl0f kmlsb+{ f dl5Gbg| fy
kd| f0f aª' d\ tL ef]6fh] fqf
lbPsf zAb ;g' / eg M
6f}bx cfi} flw
To; lh2L

afw] / cleJolQm efiff au} Frf – #

!= 7Ls eP 7Ls / a]7Ls eP a]7Ls nv] M
s= gfu/fh pbf; eP/ 6fb} xsf] 5p] df al;/xs] f lyP .
v= ls;fgn] gfu/fhsf] bM' v yfxf kfPgg\ .
u= gfu/fhn] ls;fgnfO{ ef6] f] pkxf/ lbP .
3= ls;fg /ftf] dl5Gbg| fysf] hfqf xg] { aª' d\ tL uP .
ª= ls;fgn] ef]6f] lkmtf{ kfP .
r= x/s] jif{ /ftf] dl5Gbg| fysf] hfqfdf ef6] f] bv] fOG5 .

@= s;n] s;nfO{ egs] f] xf] < nv] M
s= w/] } lbgbl] v xh'/nfO{ pbf; bV] 5 ' .
v= d/] L kTgLsf] cfFvf bv' ]sf] w]/} lbg eof ] .

63

efiff aur} F f – # u= olt ;fgf] ;]jfsf nflu pkxf/ rflxbF }g .
3= of] ef]6f] nufPkl5 ltdLn] lrtfPsf] s'/f kU' 5 .
#= lbPsf k|Zgsf] pQ/ nv] M
s= gfu/fh lsg pbf; ePsf lyP <
v= ls;fgn] gfu/fhnfO{ h8La6' L lbP/ s] eg] <
u= gfu/fhn] ls;fgnfO{ s:tf] ef]6f] pkxf/ lbP <
3= ls;fg / ef]6f] nufPsf] dflg;aLr s] s/' fdf ljjfb eof] <
ª= /ftf] dl5Gb|gfysf] hfqfdf s] ug{] rng 5 <
$= 36gfjm| d ldnfpm M
s= gfu/fhn] ls;fgnfO{ ef]6f] pkxf/ lbP .
v= ef]6f] /ftf] dl5Gbg| fysf] dlGb/df /flvof] .
u= ls;fg / ef]6f] nufpg] dflg;aLr ljjfb eof ] .
3= gfu/fh 6fb} xsf] 5p] df pbf; eP/ al;/x]sf lyP .
ª= ls;fg v]tsf] l8ndf ef]6f] /fv]/ lk;fa k]mg{ uP .
r= ls;fgn] /fhfnfO{ h8La6' L lbP .

cfŠgf cge' j ;f6f;f6 u/ M
ltdL sg' } hfqfdf uPsf 5f} < Tof] hfqfdf ltdLn] ss] ] b]Vof} <

?

;f]r / egM
ls;fgsf] 7fpdF f ltdL ePsf] eP s] uYof}{ <

64

>l' t n]vg kZ| g kTgL cf}ifwL
hfqf lk;fa dl0f
lbPsf zAb ;'g / nv] M
emf8L 6f}bx
3fi] f0ff wGojfb

z4' n]vg efiff au} Frf – #

kf7 x/] /] z4' agfO{ sf]7fdf nv] M
b;g{ klTg cf;} wL
emfl8 lhl4 hfT/f
kdf{0f laafb lszfg

;d"x sfo{

rf/j6f ;dx" df a; . kf7 kN6fpm . ;dx" sf k|To]sn] x|:j / bL3{ Osf/
nfus] f kfrF kfFrj6f zAb /]vfÍg u/ . tL zAb cz'4 agfO{ sfkLsf
;fgf 6'jm| fdf n]v . tL 6'jm| f Pp6f ef8F fdf xfn . ;d"x ;d"xaLr
efF8f ;f6f;f6 u/ . efF8fdf ePsf uf]nf ;an} fO{ a/fa/L afF8 . ufn] f
k'msfP/ x/]  . cz4' zAb z4' agfP/ nv]  . z'4 n]vs] f / cz4' nv] ]sf
6j' m| fsf] Pp6} ufn] f] agfpm . tL uf]nf efF8fdf xfn . efF8f] lkmtf{ u/ .
cfˆgf] ;d"xsf] ef8F f] lkmtf{ dfu . ;an} fO{ a/fa/L ufn] f afF8 . uf]nf
km' sfpm . lstfa x/] L z4' eP gePsf] hfFr .

65

efiff aur} F f – # zAbe08f/

!= ldNg] zAb /fvL vfnL 7fpF e/ M
cfFvf bM' v lk;fa h8La6' L ef]6f] hfqf

s= ls;fgn] gfu/fhsf] =====================yfxf kfP .
v= /fgLsf] ===================== b'v]sf] lgsf] eof ] .
u= gfu/fhn] ===================== lnP .
3= af6fdf ls;fgnfO{ ===================== n] RofKof] .
ª= ls;fg /ftf] dl5Gb|gfysf] ===================== xg] { uP .
r= pgn] To; dflg;l;t ===================== dfu ] .
@= cGTosf] cIf/af6 cf7j6f zAb agfpm M
pbfx/0fM gfu/fh h/fof] of]uL uLt
=============== =============== =============== ===============
=============== =============== =============== ===============
#= zAbhfnaf6 kf7df ePsf cf7j6f zAb kQf nufO{ vfnL sf7] fdf

nv] M h d l0f 6f] ef] 6f]
8L d l5 Gb| gf y
a' b d / y af
6L cf 3 emf] emf qf
b nL / n hf qf

66

sfod{ n" s Jofs/0f ===============
===============
!= s= lbPsf jfSo k9 M
gfu/fhn] h8La6' L lnP .
ef6] f]df xL/f / dl0f hl8Psf] lyof ] .
ls;fg kmsb{+ f v]tsf] l8ndf ef]6f] lyPg .

v= /ª nufPsf zAb sf7] fdf ;f/ M


=============== =============== ===============
=============== =============== ===============

-oL gfd zAb xg' \ ._

#= ldNg] gfd zAb /fvL vfnL 7fpF e/ M efiff au} Frf – #

xL/f 6fb} x emf8L lbg lh2L
emfn] cfFvf ef]6f] dl5Gbg| fy hfjnfvn]

s= gfu/fh ================sf] 5]pdf 3l' d/x]sf lyP .
v= ls;fg glhs}sf] ================df uP .
u= gfu/fhsL kTgLsf] ======= b'v]sf] w/] } ======== ePsf] lyof] .
3= of] a6' Lsf] ================= /fgLsf] ============== df /flvlbgx' fn] f .
ª= ls;fg /ftf] =================== sf] hfqf x]g{ ================== uP .
r= dflg;n] ================ cfˆgf] ePsf] ================= u¥of ] .
5= ef]6fd] f ============== / dl0f hl8Psf] lyof ] .

67

efiff aur} F f – # n]vg cEof;

cgn' v] g

!= kf7sf] kfrF f}F cgR' 5b] h:tfsf] To:t} ;f/ .
@= lbPsf] cgR' 5b] h:tfsf] To:t} ;f/ M
xfdf| cfˆg} ;:+ sf/ 5g \ . 7"nfnfO{ cfb/ ug{,' ;fgfnfO{ dfof

ug'{ xfdf| ] ;:+ sf/ xf ] . cfdfnfO{ cfb/ ug{,' ;Ddfg ug{,' cfdfsf]
;j] f ug'{ klg xfd|f] ;:+ sf/ xf] . hGdel" dnfO{ dfof ug'{ xfd|f]
stJ{ o xf] . xfd|f cfˆg} ;:+ sl[ t 5g \ . xfdL ljleGg rf8kj{ /
hfqf dgfpF5fF} . rf8kj{ / hfqf dgfpg' xfdf| ] ;:+ s[lt xf ] .
sf7df8fF} pkTosfdf klg y'k|} hfqf dgfOG5 . oxfsF f hfqfdWo]
dl5Gb|gfysf] hfqf klg Ps xf] .

l;h{gfTds n]vg

!= sf]i7sdf lbPsf zAbdWo] ldNg] zAb /fvL syf k/" f u/ M

Ps lbg, nfe] L, kl/sf/, lgDtf], ldt, 3/, ksfPsf, ld7fO,
la/fdL, vfgfn,] c3fOGhn] , sfr] Lsf]rL, k]6 b'vs] f], yfxf,

c;lhnf], adg, cfF}nf

Pp6f ufpdF f Ps hgf ==================== dfG5] a:bYof] . p;nfO{
=========== p;sf] ========= sL cfdfn] vfgf vfg] ========= ul/g \ . pm
ldtsf] ======== uof] . ldtsf] 3/df dL7fdL7f ========== ksfPsf
/x]5g \ . p;n] ======= ;a} kl/sf/ ============= vfof ] . kmnkmn" , bxL
/ =================;dt] ================= vfof ] . w/] } ================ p;sf]

68

k]6df =============== eof] . efiff au} Frf – #
pm 3/df cfOkU' bf ===========
h:t} eof ] . w/] } lrh
Psr} fl] 6 vfP/ =============
ePsf] p;sL cfdfn]
==================== kfOg\ .
pgn] 5f/] fnfO{ elgg,\ æafa',
ltdL b'O{j6f ==================== 3fF6L;Dd l5/fP/ ========================
u/ . p;n] cfdfnfO{ pQ/ lbof,] Æ cfdf, bO' {j6f cfF}nf l5g]{ 7fpF eP
t Pp6f ===================== cem} vfgl] yPF .

yk cEof;

!= lbPsf] ;r" gf k9 / ;fl] wPsf kZ| gsf] pQ/ nv]  .
nlntk'/ lhNnf, a'ªd\ tL a:g], jif{ ( sf], uxF'uf]/f] j0fs{ f], /ftf]

/ªsf] ;6{ / sfnf] kfOG6 nufPsf,] ;s' gf/fo0f hf]G5] gfd
u/s] f] afns ldlt @)&!÷#÷* ut] dl5Gbg| fysf] hfqf xb] fx{ b] {}
hfpnfvn] af6 x/fPsf] 5 . km] nf kfg'x{ 'g] dxfg'efjn] glhssf]
kx| /L rfs} Ldf va/ ul/lbg'xg' ' cg'/fw] ub5{ fF} .

kZ| gx¿
s= s]6fsf] gfd s] xf] <
v= s6] f] sxfaF f6 x/fof] <
u= s6] f] sg' ldltdf x/fPsf] xf] <
3= s6] f] s] ub}{ lyof] <
ª= s]6f] el] 6of] eg] s;nfO{ va/ ug'k{ 5{ <

69

efiff aur} F f – # @= syf k9 / ;f]lwPsf k|Zgsf] pQ/ n]v M

PskN6 uf]g' emfsf] 3/df rf/] x¿ cfP . rf/] x¿ 3/k5fl8
n's/] a;]sf lyP . rf/] cfPsf] s/' f uf]g' emfnfO{ yfxf eof ] .
pgn] rsf{] :j/df eg,] æxfd|f] 3/df y'k|} uxgf 5g\ . tL uxgf
x/fpg ;S5g\ . uxgfsf] afs; Ogf/df xfnf}F .Æ To;kl5 ufg] '
emf / pgsL kTgL ldn/] 9Ë' f / df6fn] afs; e/ ] . bj' }n]
afs; Ogf/df v;fn]  . rf]/x¿n] Ogf/df afs; v;fns] f] bv]  ] .
rf]/x¿n] Ogf/af6 afs; lgsfNg Ogf/sf] kfgL lems/] aflx/
kmfn ] . kmfns] f] kfgLn] ufg] ' emfsf] vt] el/of ] . ufg] ' emfnfO{ vt]
/fK] g ;lhnf] eof ] .

k|Zgx¿M
s= rf]/x¿ sxfF a;s] f lyP <
v= ufg] ' emfn] kTgL;uF s] eg] <
u= rf]/x¿n] afs; lgsfNg s] u/] <
3= uf]g' emfnfO{ vt] /f]Kg lsg ;lhnf] eof] <

70

v]Nbfv]Nb} efiff au} Frf – #
lbPsf cf7j6f ;k{sf] lrqdf ltdLnfO{ dg kg]{ cf7j6f /ª e/ M

71

%PsfO 1fg

cfFvL‰ofn
ltdLnfO{ sg' lrq dg k¥of] / lsg <

efiff aur} F f – #

72

!kf7 lstfa

d lstfa x 'F . d/] f] csf]{ gfd k:' ts xf ] .
d ljBfyL{sf] c;n ;fyL x 'F . d ljleGg
ljifosf] xG' 5 ' . ltdLx¿ dnfO{ g]kfnL,
ul0ft, cª\uh|] L, lj1fg cflb eg]/
afn] fpg] u5f} { .
dnfO{ agfpg klxn] xftn] nl] vG5 . To;nfO{ sDKo'6/df 6Í0f
ul/G5 . d k];| df 5flkG5' . dnfO{ sf65fF6 u/]/ lrl6Ss kfl/G5 .
sfuhsf kGgf kGgf hf]8]/ l;nfOG5 . aflx/kl§ afSnf] uftf klg
xflnG5 . o;/L d k':tssf] ¿kdf tof/ xG' 5 ' .

6Í0f – 6fOk
uftf – lstfasf] aflx/L efu

73
zAb / c {y
efiff a }u Frf – #

efiff aur} F f – # d]/f] aflx/kl§sf] uftfdf d/] f] gfd / lrq 5flkPsf] x'G5 . d]/f
leqL kfgfdf /ËLg cÍ, lrq / cIf/ 5flkPsf xG' 5g \ . d/] f
kfgfx¿df /fdf| /fdf| lrqx¿ klg 5flkPsf x'G5g\ . d syf, sljtf,
lgaGw, ;j+ fb, lr7L cflbn] el/Psf] x'G5 ' . d]/f leqL kfgf ljleGg
1fgu'gsf s/' fn] el/Psf x'G5g\ . d dgf]/~hg klg lbg ;S5' . d
km/skm/s cfsf/sf] xG' 5 ' . d uf]hLdf c6fpg ;Sg] ;fgf] cfsf/sf]
klg x'G5' . d Ps hgfnfO{ afS] g dl' :sn kg{] 7"nf] cfsf/sf] klg
x'G5' .

d kmfx] f]/df a:g ?rfpFlbg F . dnfO{ hyfefjL kmfns] f] dg kb{}g .
ltdLn] d/] f] lhpdf nV] of} eg] d g/fd|f] xG' 5 ' . ltdLx¿n] vfgs] /' f
vfbF fvFfb} ;dfTof} eg] d kmfx] f]/L x'G5 ' . ltdLx¿n] dnfO{ kmfx] f]/
agfof} eg] d l/;fpF5' x} Û

dnfO{ ;kmf 6a] 'n, ¥ofsdf htg u//] /fv]sf] dg k5{ . ltdL
ljBfno hfFbf / 3/ cfpFbf rflxF ldnfP/ emf]nfdf /fVg'k5 { .
d/] f] lhpdf kfgL k¥of] eg] d uN5 ' . hyfefjL kmfNof} eg] d/] f
kfgfx¿ RofltG5g \ . d ltdLn] xb] fx{ ]b{} s'¿k / sfd gnfUg] x'G5' .
To;}n] ltdLx¿ dnfO{ dfof u/]/ /fv x} Û

ltdL d]/f kfgfx¿ la:tf/} kN6fpm . kfgf kN6fpFbf klxnf] kfgfb]lv
kN6fpm . ltdLn] dnfO{ ;?' bl] v cGTo;Dd k9g\ 'k5{ . k9\9fk9b\ } c¿
sfd k¥of] eg] dnfO{ aGb u/]/ htg;uF /fv / sfddf hfpm .

zAb / c {y leqL – leqsf] dl' :sn – uf/f,] cK7\of/f]
dgf/] ~hg – dg /dfOnf ] s¿' k – g/fd|f ]
htg – lxkmfht
/ËLg – ljleGg /ª ePsf]

74

ltdLx¿n] dnfO{ lbgx'F k9g\ ] afgL a;fNg' hftL xG' 5 . ltdLn] dnfO{
z4' ;Fu k9\gk' 5{ . dnfO{ cfjfh lgsfn]/ k9] klg xG' 5, dgdg} k9]
klg xG' 5 . dnfO{ PSn} k9] klg xG' 5 . dnfO{ ;fyLx¿;uF ldn/] k9]
klg xG' 5 . dnfO{ k9g\ / a‰' g ltd|f u?' , u'?cfdfn] ;3fpg'xG' 5 .
dnfO{ slj tyf n]vsx¿n] n]V5g \ . ;Dkfbsx¿n] sf65f6F u5g{  \ .
ks| fzg ;:+ yfx¿n] 5fKg] sfd u5{g\ . To;kl5 d k:' ts k;ndf
kU' 5 ' . o;/L Ps lbg d ltdLx¿sf] xftdf klg k'U5 ' . d]/f] lhpdf
dnfO{ n]Vg] slj tyf nv] sx¿sf gfd 5flkPsf 5g \ . ltdLx¿
pgLx¿sf] gfd k9 . dnfO{ sf65f6F ug{] ;Dkfbsx¿sf gfd klg
k9 . ks| fzg ;:+ Yff / 5flkPsf] ldlt klg vfh] /] k9 . d/] f] 7"nf] 3/
klg 5 . To;nfO{ k':tsfno elgG5 . ltdLx¿n] dnfO{ ToxfF vfh] ]/

ks| fzg – 5fKg] sfd
k':tsfno – k':ts /fVg] 3/
;Dkfbs – ;Dkfbg ug]{ dfG5,] sf65fF6 u//] ldnfpg] dfG5]

75
zAb / c {y
efiff a }u Frf – #

k9] klg xG' 5 .

d y/Ly/Lsf] 5' . ljleGg ljifosf km/s lstfax¿ d]/f bfh'efO
xg'  \ . sg' } lstfa deGbf cufl8 5flkPsf 5g\ . tL deGbf h7] f
ePsfn] d/] f bfh' xg' \ . s'g} lstfa deGbf k5fl8 5flkPsf x'G5g \ .
tL deGbf sfG5f ePsfn] d/] f efO x'g \ . sg' } lstfa d;Fu} 5flkPsf
5g \ . ltgLx¿ rflxF d]/f ;fyL x'g \ .

z'4 pRrf/0f sDKo6' / k;]| dgf]/~hg
ks| fzg ;Dkfbs ;:+ yf
lbPsf zAb ;g' / eg M
k':ts cª\u]|hL
¥ofs lbgxF'

efiff aur} F f – # afw] / cleJolQm

!= gldNg] pQ/df uf]nf] - _ lrXg nufpm M

s= lstfadf s]s] 5flkG5g\ <

c= cÍ / cIf/ cf= lrq

O= syf, sljtf, lgaGw O={ vfgs] '/f

v= lstfa tof/ ug{ ss] ] ul/G5 <

c= n]lvG5 cf= RofltG5

O= sf6F 5f6 ul/G5 O={ 5flkG5

76

u= lstfasf] htg ug{ s] ug{'k5{ <

c= lstfadf n]Vgk' 5{ cf= 6a] 'n ¥ofsdf /fVgk' 5{

O= emfn] fdf /fVg'k5 { O{= vfgs] '/f vfbF f ;dfTgx' bF' }g

3= lstfa s;/L RofltG5 <

c= hyfefjL kmfNbf cf= kfgLdf kfbf{

O= ;?' b]lv k9\bf O={ l56fl] 56f] kfgf kN6fpbF f

@= hf8] f ldnfpm M lstfa n]v]kl5 sf65f6F ug]{
lstfa n]Vg]
slj / nv] s lstfa /fVg] 3/
;Dkfbs lstfa 5fKg] 7fpF
ks| fzg ;:+ yf lstfa /fVg] 7fpF
6a] n' , ¥ofs, emf]nf
k':tsfno

#= kf7sf cfwf/df vfnL 7fpF e/ M efiff au} Frf – #

s= vfgs] /' f vfFbfvfbF } =============== eg] lstfa =============== xG' 5 .
v= lstfasf] aflx/kl§ ======================== x'G5 .
u= lstfasf kfgf =======================n] el/Psf x'G5g \ .
3= lstfanfO{ ================= b]lv ================= ;Dd k9\g'k5{ .
ª= lstfa ===================== kmfNof] eg] ================== RofltG5 .
r= lstfanfO{ ============= ltd|f u'? ================ n] ;3fpgx' 'G5 .

$= lbPsf k|Zgsf] pQ/ n]v M

s= lstfa agfpg xftn] nv] ]kl5 s] ul/G5 <
v= lstfa ss] ]n] el/Psf] x'G5 <

77

efiff aur} F f – # u= lstfa sqfsqf cfsf/sf x'G5g\ <
3= lstfanfO{ s] dg kbg}{ <
ª= lstfa k9g\ ] tl/sfx¿ sg' s'g xg' \ <
r= s]s] u/]kl5 lstfa k;ndf k'U5 <
^= ltdLn] k9s] f] lstfadf ss] ] 5g\ < kfrF jfSodf n]v .

cfŠgf cge' j ;f6f;f6 u/ M
ltdLnfO{ s'g lstfa dg k5{ < lsg <

?

;f]r / eg M
ltdLx¿n] kf7df lstfa aGg] tl/sfsf] af/]df k9\of } . sfkL
s;/L aG5 xfn] f <

>'lt n]vg

lbPsf zAb ;g' / n]v M

k':ts ljleGg lrl6Ss lrq dgf/] ~hg
dl' :sn ;+:yf cGTo ;Dkfbs sf65f6F

78

z4' nv] g

kf7 x/] ]/ z4' agfO{ sf7] fdf nv] M
jLleGg /lËg hyfeflj
d':sLn lelq sjL
ldtL ltlg sLtfa

zAbe08f/

!= p:t} cy{ cfpg] zAb afs;af6 vf]h]/ n]v M

bfs] fg k:' ts tl:a/ vf]n ki[ 7 efiff au} Frf – #
lxkmfht /rgfsf/ s/' fsfgL lzlIfsf c;n

pbfx/0f M lstfa k':ts

k;n ===================

uftf ===================

lrq ===================

hftL ===================

kfgf ===================

u'?cfdf ===================

;j+ fb ===================

n]vs ===================

htg ===================

79

efiff aur} F f – # @= dfqf ldnfO{ cf7j6f zAb agfpm M
s u a t n f l L f]
pbfx/0f M lstfa
=============== =============== =============== ===============
=============== =============== =============== ===============
#= lrqdf ePsf j:t'sf] gfd vfnL sf7] fdf nv] M

sfo{dn" s Jofs/0f
!= lbPsf jfSo k9 M
d ljBfyLs{ f] c;n ;fyL x F' .

80

d/] f kfgfx¿df /fdf| lrq 5flkPsf x'G5g\ . efiff au} Frf – #
dnfO{ klxnf] kfgfb]lv kN6fpbF } hfpm .
deGbf h7] f ePsfn] tL d]/f bfh' xg'  \ .
dfly /ª nufOPsf zAb ljz]if0f x'g \ .

@= kf7af6 ldNg] ljz]if0f zAb vfh] ]/ vfnL 7fpF e/ M
pbfx/0f M d]/f kfgfdf /ËLg lrq / cIf/ 5flkPsf 5g \ .
s= dnfO{ sf65f6F u//] =============== kfl/G5 .
v= dnfO{ =============== agfof} eg] d l/;fpF5' x} Û
u= deGbf =============== ePsfn] d/] f efOx¿ xg'  \ .
3= aflx/kl§ =============== uftf xflnG5 .
ª= d ltdLx¿n] xb] fx{ ]b{} =============== / sfd gnfUg] xG' 5' .

nv] g cEof;

cgn' ]vg

lbPsf] cgR' 5b] h:tfsf] To:t} ;f/ M
lstfan] xfdLnfO{ w/] } 1fg lbG5  . lstfa km/skm/s ljifosf xG' 5g\  .
lstfadf lrq, cÍ klg x'G5g \ . lstfadf syf, sljtf cflb
/dfOnf s/' f x'G5g \ . xfdLn] lstfasf] htg ug'k{ 5{ . lstfa hxfF
kfof] ToxLF kmfNg'xFb' g}  . lstfadf s]/d]6 klg ug'{xbF' g}  . lstfa
emf]nfdf xfn/] afS] g'k5 { . km' ;b{ sf] a]nf lstfa k9\g'k5 { .

81

efiff aur} F f – # l;hg{ fTds nv] g

gk] fnL efiff auF}rf # lstfa x/] / tnsf] vfnL 7fpF e/ M
s= lstfasf] gfd M ============================

================================================
v= ;Dkfbssf] gfd M ==========================

===============================================
u= nv] sx¿sf] gfd M =========================

===============================================
3= lrqsf/sf] gfd M ===========================

===============================================
ª= k|sfzg ;:+ yf M ===========================================================
r= ks| fzg ul/Psf] 7fpF M ==================================================
5= k|sfzg ul/Psf] ;fn M ==================================================
h= d"No M ========================================================================

;dx" sfo{
kfFrj6f ;d"xdf a; . gd:sf/, sk[ of, xj;\, wGojfb cflb
zAb /fv]/ ;j+ fb tof/ kf/ . kT| o]s ;d"xsf ;fyL kfn}kfnf]
cufl8 hfpm . cfˆgf] ;d"xn] tof/ kf/]sf] ;+jfb clego u//]
b]vfpm .

82

vN] bfvN] b} efiff au} Frf – #
cfk"mnfO{ dg kg{] rf/j6f lrhsf] lrq agfpm / /ª e/ .

83

/fi6« /

^PsfO /fli6o« tf

cfFvL‰ofn
gS;fdf ;u/dfyf, hfgsL dlGb/ / nl' DagL sxfsF xfF k5g{ \ < af0f
lrGxsf] ko| fu] u//] bv] fpm . tL 7fpsF f] af/d] f PsPsj6f jfSo nv]  .

efiff aur} F f – #

;u/dfyf hfgsL dlGb/ n'lDagL
======================== ======================== ========================
======================== ======================== ========================
======================== ======================== ========================

84

!kf7 gk/f}F eodf

– hoGtL …:kGbgÚ

cfpm cfpm efOag} L cfˆg} uLt ufpmF
cfˆg} kfvf kv]/Ldf dfofkL| lt nfpmF
ljb]zLsf ;:+ sl[ tn] x'g5] g} enf]
gk] fn} xf] gk] fnLsf] /dfOnf] ynf ] .

;Ltf h:tL TofuL gf/L cGt sxfF x'lG5g\ <
es[ 6' Lsf sLlt{ ufyf wtL{ ce}m ;l' G5g\
hgssf] dxf1fg cGt sxfF kfOG5 <
cfˆg} 1fg lng kfP k/ lsg wfOG5 <

;u/dfyf xfd|} lz/ df5fkR' 5]« xfd|}
zÎw/, c/lgsf], efge' Qm xfd|}
kf;fª Nxfd,' sfhL zk] f,{ aL=kL=, dbg xfd|}
lxdfnr'nL, n]s, a;F] L, t/fO{ dw]; xfd |} .
zAb / cy{
efiff a }u Frf – #
kv/] L – ;fgf] kfvf] kL| lt – k]d| , Kof/
;:+ s[lt – k/Dk/f cg's"nsf] sfd enf] – c;n, lxtsf/L
ynf] – hUuf, hldg TofuL – Tofu ug]{
sLlt{ – Voflt, ;'gfd, oz dxf1fg – 7"nf] 1fg
dw;] – t/fO{
t/fO{ – r/' ] kxf8d'lgsf] ;dy/ el" d

85

zAb / cy{g]kfnsf] d'xf/ k]mg{ nfuf}F ug{ sfd x[bo – dg
3/l} eq a;La;L s;n] kfpF5 dfd eo – 8/
anast{ kfv'/Ldf lxDdt Åbodf
dg b/f] u/fF} ca ga;fF} eodf .

dx' f/ – cg'xf/
lxDdt – ;fx;, cf6F

efiff aur} F f – # z'4 pRrf/0f ;;+ f/ TofuL es[ '6L
xb[ o zÎw/ anast{
lbPsf zAb ;g' / eg M
k|Llt ;:+ s[lt
sLlt{ kf;fª Nxfd'

afw] / cleJolQm

!= kf7sf] sljtf no xfn/] k9 .

lbPsf] sljtf no xfn/] k9 M

kl;gf r'lxo"g\ o; bz] el/
cem k'mNg ;s"F d t kmn" ;/L
lk|o /fi6« xf]cf;] \ rlsnf] xFl;nf]
u'?sf] ddtf h;/L ;lhnf ] .

86

@= lbPsf] sljtf k/" f u/ M efiff au} Frf – #
;Ltfh:tL TofuL gf/L cGt sxfF x'lG5g \ .
===================================================.
hgssf] dxf1fg cGt sxfF kfOG5 <
================================================== <

#= lbPsf k|Zgsf] pQ/ n]v M
s= xfdLn] sxfF dfofk|Llt nufpg'k5{ <
v= xfdLnfO{ s]n] enf] x'Fb}g <
u= gk] fndf s:tf gf/L hlGdP <
3= xfdLn] s] ug{ sfd ug'{k5{ <

$= kbs|d ldnfP/ nv] M
pbfx/0f M gk] fnsf] dx' f/ k]mg{ nfufF} ug{ sfd .
gk] fnsf] dx' f/ km] g{ sfd ug{ nfuf} F .
s= ljb]zLsf ;+:s[ltn] x'g5] g} enf ] .
v= gk] fn} xf] ;;+ f/sf] /dfOnf] ynf ] .
u= 3/l} eq a;La;L s;n] kfpF5 dfd .

%= lbPsf x/kmaf6 s] a‰' 5f} < n]v M
ljb]zLsf ;+:sl[ tn] x'g5] g} enf ] .
g]kfn} xf] ;;+ f/sf] /dfOnf] ynf ] .

?

;f]r / egM

xfdf| ] bz] sf ljzi] ftf s]s] xg' \ <

87

>'lt nv] g TofuL 1fg k|Llt
kfv'/L lxDdt eo
lbPsf zAb ;g' / nv] M
ljbz] L ;+;f/
dw]; dx' f/

efiff aur} F f – # z'4 n]vg

kf7 x]/]/ z'4 agfO{ sf]7fdf n]v M
lut sLlt{ lkt| L
Toflu gfl/ lab]z
kfv'l/ al]F ; e[s'l6

zAbe08f/

!= kf7af6 p:t} ;'lgg] zAb vfh] /] n]v M

pbfx/0f M /fd|} – xfd|}

ufpm F enf]

x'lG5g\ kfOG5

sfd xb[ o

88

@= aU] n} cy{ cfpg] zAbdf ufn] f] 3/] f nufpm M

pbfx/0f M dfof k]d| 30[ ff

v= ljb]z :jb]z k/b]z

u= :ofxf/ cg'xf/ dx' f/

3= cfsfz ;;+ f/ ljZj

ª= eo 3/ 8/

r= z/L/ xb[ o dg

5= dw;] kxf8 t/fO{

h= k?' if dlxnf gf/L

#= 5'6]sf cIf/ /fv]/ /fli6o« ljel" tsf gfd k"/f u/ M
e[ 6L z

w efiff au} Frf – #

ef
;L

uf} d 4 Qm c lg
lq kf

jª
Nxf
hs

89

efiff aur} F f – # n]vg cEof;

cg'n]vg

lbPsf] Znfs] h:tfsf] To:t} sfkLdf ;f/ M
;u/dfyf xfd|} lz/ df5fk'R5]« xfd}|
zÎw/, c/lgsf], efg'eQm xfd|}
kf;fª Nxfd', sfhL z]kf,{ aL=kL=, dbg xfd|}
lxdfnr'nL, n]s, a;]F L ;Dd dw;] xfd}| .

l;hg{ fTds n]vg

ldNg] zAb /fvL b'O{j6f sljtf agfpm M
========================== sf] ;fn3f/L - nl' DagL, tgxF' _
kf]v/fsf] ===========================- tfn, yfn_
8fF8fkfl/ ===========================5 - dsfn', dgf:n' _
====================== sf] 5fn . - u08sL, s0ffn{ L _

90

@kf7 ;u/dfyf cf/fx] L t]Dafl5/L

g]kfn jL/ jL/Ëgfx¿sf] b]z eg]/
lrlgG5 . lxdfn r9/] klg gk] fnLx¿n]
jL/tf k:| t't u/]sf 5g\  . Ps hgf lxdfn
cf/fx] Ln] ;f/] jifs{ } slnnf] pd/] df
;u/dfyfsf] cf/f]x0f u/ ] . pgsf] gfd
t]Dafl5/L zk] f{ xf] .
tD] afl5/L ufpsF f zk] f{ bfh'efOn] lxdfn
r9s] f] cge' j ;'gfpFbf pT;flxt xG' y] .
pgsf] dg h'?sh?' s x'GYof] . pgsf]
Wofg ;kgfdf / ljkgfdf klg ;u/dfyfd} xG' Yof] .
t]Dafl5/L z]kfs{ f] hGd lj= ;+= @)$@ df ePsf] lyof ] . pgsf
afa'sf] gfd 5fp] jf z]kf{ / cfdfsf] gfd nfKkflbsL zk] f{ xf ] . pgsf]
3/ bfn] vf lhNnfdf k5 { . pgn] sIff 5;Dd bfn] vfd} k9]sf lyP .
To;kl5 pgL sf7df8fd}F f k9\g yfn] .
tD] afn] ;u/dfyf cf/f]x0f ugc{' l3 g]kfn kjt{ f/fx] 0f ;‹af6
cf/f]x0f;DaGwL tflnd lnPsf lyP . dgfªdf kj{tf/f]x0f tflnd

cf/f]xL – lxdfn jf kxf8 r9g\ ] cf/fx] 0f – pSng] sfd
kj{tf/fx] 0f – kj{t r9\g] sfd

91
zAb / c {y
efiff a }u Frf – #

lnFbf pgL b; jifs{ f dfq lyP . tflndkl5 pgn] gfj/ lxdfn r9 ] .
;u/dfyf cf/fx] 0f ugc{' l3 pgn] y'k|} ;;fgf lxdfn r9s] f lyP .

slnn} pd]/df ;u/dfyf r9\g] cf6F ug{' rfgr'g] s'/f xf] / < pgnfO{
klg c¿nfO{ h:t} v]Ng / /dfOnf] ug{ dg nfUbf] xf] . t]Daf
;fgb} ]lv uDeL/ ks| l[ tsf lyP . pgn] Psfx] f]/f] kj{tf/fx] 0fsf
af/d] f g} hfgsf/L /fVg yfn] . km' ;{bsf] ;do cf/fx] 0f;DaGwL 1fg
/ cge' j a9fpgdf nufP . pgn] cuh| cf/f]xLx¿af6 w/] } cg'ej
a6n'  ] . clg rf}w jif{s} pd]/df pgL ;u/dfyf r9\g sl:;P .

efiff aur} F f – #

pgsf] ofqf lj= ;=+ @)%& jz} fv ! ut] ;?' eof ] . pgsf] h7] %
ut] a'4 k"l0f{dfsf] lbg rr' '/f]df kU' g] nIo lyof ] . pgn] ;u/dfyfsf]

zAb / c {y uDeL/ – zfGt, w}o{ ug {] cuh| – h7] f]af7f,] cge' jL

92

lzv/df ;hfpg g]kfnsf] /fli6«o emG8f / a4' sf] dl" t;{ d]t nus] f
lyP t/ k|ltsn" jftfj/0fsf sf/0f pgL * xhf/ * ;o @^ ld6/sf]
prfOaf6 kms{g afWo eP .

;fx;L tD] afsf] pT;fx oltd} ;]nfPg . pgn] b'O{ jif{kl5 g} k]ml/
;u/dfyf cf/f]x0fsf] cleofg rnfP . dgdf c7f6] ePkl5 ;kmn
gx'g] s'/f s] 5 / < pgn] lj= ;=+ @)%( df g]kfnsf] /fli6«o WjhfnfO{
;u/dfyfsf] lz/df kmx/fP . pgn] a4' sf] kl| tdfnfO{ ;;+ f/s}
;jf{]Rr :yfgdf ;hfP . To;a]nf pgsf] ;fx;sf] af/]df ;+;f/el/
g} kr| f/k;| f/ eof ] .

;u/dfyfdf kfOnf] 6s] ]sf] lbg t]Daf c;fWo} v';L eP . Tof] pgsf]
hLjgsf] dxŒjk"0f{ lbg aGof ] . lzv/ ku' ]kl5 v;' L eP/ pgn] bfofF
xftsf] k~hf k'msfn ] . lr;fn] ubf{ pgsf cf}nF fdf /ut hDof ] .
kl5 tLgj6f cfn}F f sfd} glbg] eP/ sf6g\ k' ¥of] . To;n] pgsf]
hLjgdf v;' L ;Fu;Fu} b'Mv klg Nofof] . pgnfO{ cfnF} f ud' fpgk' bf{
lgs} ufx|f] eof] tk} lg pgn] b}lgs sfdsfh ug{] cEof; ub{} uP .
pgnfO{ la:tf/} afgL nfUb} uof] .

tD] afn] ;u/dfyf r9s] fn] ljleGg ;‹;+:yfaf6 y'k|} k/' :sf/ /
;Ddfg k|fKt u/s] f 5g\ . pgn] lj= ;=+ @)%& df …jL/ u0f]zdfg
l;+x afn kl| tef k/' :sf/Ú kf| Kt u/ ] . pgn] gk] fnsf ljleGg lhNnfsf
;fy} ef/t, rLg, yfONofG8, cNhl] /of, hfkfgnufot ljleGg bz] sf]
ed| 0f klg u/s] f 5g \ .

cleofg – ljzi] f sfd Wjhf – emG8f
e|d0f – 3'd3fd

93
zAb / c {y
efiff a }u Frf – #

efiff aur} F f – # z'4 pRrf/0f

lbPsf zAb ;'g / eg M
Wofg pT;flxt kj{tf/fx] 0f ;‹ a4'
b'Mvb cEof; ed| 0f uDeL/ k"l0fd{ f

af]w / cleJolQm

!= 7Ls jfSo dfq sfkLdf nv] M
s= ufpFsf zk] f{ bfhe' fOn] lxdfn r9s] f] cg'ej ;g' fpFbf

t]Dafl5/L 8/fpFy] .
ufpsF f zk] f{ bfhe' fOn] lxdfn r9]sf] cg'ej ;g' fpbF f

t]Dafl5/L pT;flxt xG' y ] .
v= dgfªdf kj{tf/f]x0f tflnd lnFbf pgL b; jif{sf lyP .
dgfªdf pgn] kj{tf/fx] 0f tflnd lnPgg \ .
u= tD] afl5/Ln] klxnf] rfl] 6df g} ;u/dfyf cf/f]x0f u/] .
t]Dafl5/L klxnf] rfl] 6 * xhf/ * ;o @^ ld6/sf] prfOaf6

kmlsP{  .
3= tD] afl5/Ln] ;u/dfyfdf gk] fnsf] emG8f / a4' sf] dl" t{ ;hfP .
tD] afl5/Ln] ;u/dfyfdf cfˆgf] tl:a/ ;hfP .
ª= tD] afl5/L gk] fnafx]s cGo b]z uPsf 5g} g \ .
t]Dafl5/Ln] ef/t, rLg / hfkfgsf] ed| 0f u/s] f 5g\ .

94

@= kf7af6 ldNg] zAb vfh] L vfnL 7fpF e/ M efiff au} Frf – #
s= lxdfn r9]/ klg gk] fnLx¿n] ============= k:| t't u/s] f 5g\ .
v= t]Dafl5/Lsf] Wofg ========= / ========== klg ;u/dfyfdf xG' Yof] .
u= t]Dafl5/Ln] ========= nfO{ ;;+ f/s} ========== :yfgdf ;hfO5f8 ] .
3= ;u/dfyf 6s] s] f] lbg tD] afsf] hLjgsf] ;aeGbf ======== lbg xf ] .
ª= lr;fn] ubf{ pgsf ======================/ut hDof] .

#= lbPsf kZ| gsf] pQ/ nv] M
s= tD] afl5/L z]kf{n] slt jifs{ f] pd]/df ;u/dfyf cf/fx] 0f u/] <
v= t]Dafn] klxnf]k6s ;u/dfyf r9\g'cl3 s]s] u/] <
u= tD] afl5/Ln] sxfFaf6 tflnd lnPsf lyP <
3= pgn] ;u/dfyfsf] 6'Kkfdf ss] ] j:t' r9fP <
ª= t]Dafl5/Lsf] cfnF} f lsg sf6g\ 'k¥of] <
r= t]Dafl5/Ln] slt ;fndf k/' :sf/ kfP <

cfŠgf cge' j ;f6f;f6 u/M
ltdL slxNo} nfdf] psfnf] r9s] f 5f}F < psfnf] r9b\ fsf] cg'ej
sIffdf ;g' fpm .

?

;f]r / egM
;u/dfyfsf] cf/fx] 0f ug{ lsg uf/f] xG' 5 xf]nf <

95

;d"x sfo{

tLgj6f ;d"xdf a;  . kT| o]s ;dx" n] …tD] afl5/Ln] sg' sg' ;dodf
s]s] u/] <Ú eGg] k|Zgsf] pQ/af/] 5nkmn u/ . 5nkmnaf6
cfPsf pQ/nfO{ sfkLdf ;f/ . kT| o]s ;dx" sf] kl| tlglw cufl8
hfpm . cfˆgf ;dx" n] tof/ kf/s] f pQ/ kfn}kfnf] sIffdf
;'gfpm . ;a} kl| tlglw Ps 7fpFdf a; . ;a} ;d"xsf pQ/ hDdf
kf/ . ;a} pQ/ Pp6f rf6{ kk] /df ;f//] leQfdf e'mG8o\ fpm .

efiff aur} F f – # >'lt n]vg cf/f]x0f nIo cu|h
hLjg cEof; afgL
lbPsf zAb ;'g / nv] M
jL/ z]kf{
lzv/ kl| tdf

z4' n]vg

!= kf7 x]//] z'4 agfO{ sf]7fdf nv]  M

km' ;b{ kl' 0fd{ f ;afR]{ r
k|s[lt {
kltd{ f xl;{t

96

zAbe08f/

!= 6'Ssf / ltgsf cys{ f] hf8] f ldnfpm M

kjt{ f/fx] 0f ug '{ ;Lk l;Sg'

tflnd lng ' lxdfn r9g\ '

/dfOnf] ug'{ ;"rgf lng'

hfgsf/L /fVg ' cfgGb lng'

cge' j ug '{ pN6f] xg' '

k|lts"n xg' ' yfxf kfpg'

lzv/df k'Ug' v';L x'g'

xlift{ x'g ' 6fs/' fdf k'Ug'

@= pN6f] cy{ cfpg] zAb afs;af6 vf]h]/ n]v M efiff au} Frf – #

ak] m' ;b{ ckdfg cf]ng{ ] ;lhnf] xlift{
ulx/fO db} fg r~rn] l5lKkPsf] ljkgf

;kgf – ljkgf lzv/ –
slnnf] – b'Mlvt –
uDeL/ – r9g\ ] –
prfO – k'm;{b –
uf/f] –
;Ddfg –

97

#= g]kfndf ePsf s'g} cf7j6f lxdfnsf gfd n]v M

pbfx/0f M ;u/dfyf

!= @= #=

$= %= ^=

&= *=

efiff aur} F f – # sfod{ "ns Jofs/0f

!= lbPsf jfSo k9 M
tD] af sIff ^ kl5 sf7df8fdF} f k9g\ yfn ] .
tD] afn] kj{tf/fx] 0f ;‹af6 tflnd lnPsf lyP .
tD] af ;fgb} l] v uDeL/ k|s[ltsf lyP .
tD] afsf] pT;fx oltd} ;n] fPg .
dflysf] jfSodf ko| fu] ePsf n,] df, af6, bl] v, sf / sf] ljelQm xg'  \ .

@= vfnL 7fpdF f ldNg] ljelQm e/ M
nfO{ n] af6 sf] df b]lv

s= tD] afl5/Ln] a4' ======== k|ltdfnfO{ ;u/dfyfsf] lz/df r9fP .
v= t]Dafl5/Ln] ljleGg ;‹;:+ yf===========k/' :sf/ kfP .
u= t]Dafl5/L=========b; jifs{ f] pd]/df gfj/ lxdfn r9] .
3= t]Dafl5/Lsf] ;u/dfyfsf] rr' '/f=] ======kU' g] nIo lyof] .
ª= t]Dafl5/Ln] /fli6«o Wjhf=========;u/dfyfsf] yfKnf]df kmx/fP .
r= t]Dafl5/L ;fg}============ uDeL/ k|sl[ tsf lyP .

98

nv] g cEof; efiff au} Frf – #

cgn' ]vg

lbPsf] cg'R5]b h:tfsf] To:t} ;f/ M
g]kfn xfdf| ] hGde"ld xf ] . oxfF yk' |} jL/ jL/Ëgfn] hGd lnPsf 5g\ .
pgLx¿n] b]zsf yk' }| ;fxl;s sfd u/s] f 5g\ . pgLx¿n] cfˆgf]
jL/tfnfO{ ljZj;fd' lrgfPsf 5g \ . To:tf jL/dWo] tD] afl5/L klg
Ps x'g \ . pgn] ;f/] jif{sf] pd]/df g} ;u/dfyf cf/fx] 0f u/] . pgn]
gk] fnnfO{ ljZj;fd' lrgfP .

l;hg{ fTds n]vg

tl:a/ x/] / ldNg] zAb /fvL hLjgLsf] c+z k/" f u/ M
p4f/, ;f3F /' f,] sdn, ;f9] bO' ,{ Kjfn, xb[ o, cf/fwgf, ;fxl;s, k/' :sf/

of] tl:a/ ============= gk] fnLsf] xf ] . pgn]
kfv] /fsf] ;t] L gbLsf] vf]Frdf v;s] L
============= jif{sL aflnsfsf] =============
u/s] f lyP . vf]rF lgs} ============= lyof ] .
pgL ;f3F /' f] ============= af6 leq l5/] .
pgn] ============= k|wfgnfO{ emfn] fdf
xfn/] xfl] ;of/Lkj" s{ dfly NofP . of] 36gfn] w/] s} f] ============= 5fo] f ] .
pgn] u/s] f] ============= sfo{sf] w]/n} ] k|z;+ f u/ ] . ljleGg ;‹;:+ yfn]
pgnfO{ gub ============= / ;Ddfg kq lbP .

99