BhasaBagaincha 3

efiff aur} F f – # ª= kfª\uf| c8o\ fpg ss] f] k|of]u ul/G5 <
c= kmnfdsf] l;j|mL cf= l:6nsf] rSsf O= kmnfdsf] 8G8L

$= lbPsf kZ| gsf] pQ/ nv] M
s= ;fOsnn] s]nfO{ ;lhnf] agfPsf] 5 <
v= ;fOsnsf s'gs'g as|] n] sg' sg' kfªu\ |f /f]S5g\ <
u= ;fOsndf kmnfdsf] l;j|mLn] s] sfd u5{ <
3= ;fOsn slxn] / s;n] agfPsf x'g\ <
ª= cGo ;fwgeGbf ;fOsnsf] k|ofu] a9L xg' fsf] sf/0f s] xf] <

cfŠgf cg'ej ;f6f;f6 u/ M
ltdLnfO{ dgkg{] ;jf/L ;fwg s'g xf] <

?

;fr] / egM
;fOsn oftfoftsf c¿ ;fwgeGbf s] sf/0fn] a9L k|ofu]
ePsf] xf] <

>'lt nv] g

lbPsf zAb ;'g / n]v M

;lhnf] df6] / kmnfd ;fwg l;6
kfpbfgL w/' f OGwg gful/s rSsf

150

z4' n]vg efiff au} Frf – #
kf7 x]//] z4' agfO{ sf7] fdf nv] M
bfof cuf8L aLr
8lG8 afof k5f8L
3lG6 l;ljm|

zAbe08f/
lrq x/] /] ;fOsnsf kf6kh' f{sf] gfd n]v M

151

efiff aur} F f – # sfod{ n" s Jofs/0f

!= lbPsf jfSo k9 M
s= ;fOsn c¿ ;fwgeGbf a9L k|ofu] x'G5 .
v= ;fOsnsf] afoflF t/sf] a|]sn] k5fl8kl§sf] kfªu\ f| ] /fS] 5 .
u= d]/f] efOl;t ;fOsn 5 .
-dflysf jfSodf ko| fu] ePsf eGbf, lt/, kl§, l;t gfdofu] L xg'  \ ._

@= ldNg] gfdof]uL /fvL vfnL 7fpF e/ M
s= efO aa' f===================== a;]/ /l] 8of] ;'G5 . -lt/, ;Fu _
v= /]l8of] =================== 6l] nlehg kl5 ags] f] xf ] . -eGbf, k§L_
u= ;fOsnsf] l;6 ======================== kfªu\ f| ] x'G5 . -dfly, dl' g _
3= u0f]z ljBfno======================== lxF8/] hfG5 . -;Dd, d'lg_
ª= 3/sf] k"j{ ================= gbL 5 . -eGbf, kl§ _

#= lbPsf jfSo k9 M
d/] f kfª\u|fx¿ df6] /sf h:tf df6] f 5g\ .
d]/f kfª\u|fx¿ df6] /sf h:tf df6] f 5g} g\ .
-dfly n]lvPsf] klxnf] jfSon] s/0f / bf;] f| ] jfSon] cs/0f

a'emfp5F g \ ._

$= cs/0f jfSonfO{ s/0f agfpm M
s= ;fOsnsf kfª\u|fnfO{ w'/fn] c8o\ fpFb}g .
v= dfG5]n] l;6df a;]/ ;fOsn u'8fpFbg} g\ .
u= l/S;f, df]6/;fOsn, :s6' / ;fOsnsf ljsl;t ¿k xfO] gg \ .

152

3= Dofs ldngn] ;fOsnsf] cfljisf/ u/]gg \ . efiff au} Frf – #
ª= Dofs ldng :s6NofG8sf gful/s xf]Ogg\ .
r= rSsfdf l:6nsf 5:] sf 5}gg \ .

;dx" sfo{
rf/j6f ;dx" df a; . cfˆgf] ;d"xsf] k|ltlglw 5fg . ;dx" sf
k|To]s ljBfyLn{ ] bO' {b'Oj{ 6f j:t'sf gfd eg . k|ltlglwn] sfkLdf
nv]  . ;d"x ;dx" aLr sfkL ;f6f;f6 u/ . csf{] ;dx" n] nv] ]sf
zAb k9 . tL zAbnfO{ ax' jrg agfpm . h'g ;dx" sf] sfkL xf,]
ToxL ;dx" nfO{ lkmtf{ u/ .

n]vg cEof;

cgn' ]vg

xfdL ;a} 7fpFdf lxF8]/ k'Ug ;Sb}gf}F . ;a} ;fdfg af]s/] n}hfg klg
;Sb}gf} F . To;sf nflu xfdLnfO{ ;jf/L ;fwg rflxG5 . df6] / af6f]
k'u]sf] 7fpFdf ;fOsn, a;, 6s« h:tf oftfoftsf ;fwg rN5g \ .
df6] / af6f] gku' s] f] 7fpdF f hgfj/nfO{ oftfoftsf nflu k|of]u ul/G5 .
lxdfnL eu] df rf/} L ufO{ / ofs, kxf8L eu] df 3f]8f / t/fOd{ f
/fuF f] / uf]?nfO{ oftfoftsf] sfddf k|of]u ul/G5 . ;jf/L ;fwgdWo]
;fOsn ;a}eGbf w]/} rnfOg] ;fwg xf ] . o;nfO{ rnfpg OGwg
rflxFbg}  . o;n] jftfj/0f :jR5 /fVg d2t u5{ .

153

efiff aur} F f – # l;h{gfTds n]vg

lrq x]/L ;fdfg cf;] f/k;f/ ug{ sg' 7fpFdf s] k|ofu] ul/G5 < kfrF jfSodf nv] M

v]Nbfv]Nb}
af6f] kQf nufpm / s'g rflxF l56f] kU' 5 < eg M

154

axd' 'vL k|ltefsf] l;4fGtdf cfwfl/t ljm| ofsnfk
PsfO @, kf7 @ M af]w / cleJolQm M Ct'x¿sf] klxrfg

!= eflifs ljm| ofsnfk
tnsf] cg'R5b] k9 / s'gs'g dlxgfdf sg' Ct' k5{ < kQf nufpm M
Ps jifd{ f ^ j6f Ct' xG' 5g \ . k|To]s b'O{bO' { dlxgfdf Ct' kml] /G5 . j;Gt Ct' rt}

jz} fvdf k5{ . j;Gt Ct'df hf8f] x/fpF5Ù udL{ xg' yfN5 . ¿vdf kfn'jf knfpF5g\ .
jiff{ Ct' ;fpg ebf} dlxgfdf k5 { . jiff{ Ctd' f kfgL w]/} k5{ . af6f] lxnf] xG' 5 . z/b\
Ct' c;fh] sflQs dlxgfdf k5{ . o; Ctd' f ;okqL dvdnL kmn" km'N5g \ . lxnf] dn} f]
x/fpF5 . b;F} ltxf/ klg o;} Ctd' f kb{5g\ . x]dGt Ct' dªl\ ;/ k;' df k5 { . x]dGt Ct'df
hf8f] xG' 5 . /ftL zLt k5 { . lzlz/ Ct' df3 / kmfug' dlxgfdf k5 { . lzlz/ Ct'df hf8f]
a95\  . ¿vsf kftx¿ em5g{ \ . htftt} t'iff/f] k5Ù{ lxpF k5{Ù w/] } hf8f] x'G5 . lzlz/ Ct'
;lsPkl5 km]l/ j;Gt Ct' cfpF5 .

@= ;fËLlts ljm| ofsnfk
lbPsf] sljtf k9L Ctx' ¿sf gfd kQf nufpm
rt} j}zfv j;Gt xf] eG5g\ Ct'/fh
h7] c;f/ uL| id Ct' udL{ xG' 5 Hofbf
;fpg ebf} jiffe{ l/ lxnf] x'G5 af6f]
c;f]h sflQs z/bd\ f ;'Vvf xG' 5 df6f]
dª\l;/ k'; hf8f] x'G5 xd] Gtsf] a]nf
df3 kmfug' lzlz/df t';f/fsf] d]nf

#= bZ[ ofTds ljm| ofsnfk
sIffsf ;fyLdWo] rf/ hgf cufl8 hfpm . sfuhsf c7f/j6f 6q' mf sf6 . tLdWo]

af/j6f 6j' m| fdf dlxgfsf gfd / 5j6f 6'jm| fdf Cts' f gfd nv]  . rf/ hgfdWo] Ps hgf
cufl8 cfpm . dlxgfsf gfd j|md;} Fu sfnf]kf6Lsf] afofkl§ 6f;F  . dlxgfsf gfdcg;' f/
bfofkF l§ Ct'sf] gfd 6fF; . dlxgfaf6 Ct';Dd wsf{ tfg]/ s'gsg' dlxgfdf sg' Ct' k5{
bv] fObp] m .

$= tflss{ ljm| ofsnfk
s= cª\u|h] L kfqfc] g';f/ jifd{ f slt lbg / slt dlxgf xG' 5g\ <
v= g]kfnL kfqf]cg';f/ jifd{ f slt lbg / slt dlxgf x'G5g\ <
u= cªu\ h|] L kfqfc] g';f/ sltj6f Ct' x'G5g\ <
3= g]kfnL kfqf]cg;' f/ sltj6f Ct' xG' 5g\ <
ª= gk] fnL / cªu\ h]| L kfqf]cg;' f/ Cts' f] gfddf s] km/s 5 <

155

%= clegofTds ljm| ofsnfk
sIffsf ;fyLdWo] tLghgf cufl8 hfpm / lbPsf] ;+jfb clego u/ .
/fd ;xgL – -kfOG6 6S6SofP h:tf] u//] _ Zofd x]/ g Û kfgL k/]/ s:tf] lxnl} xnf] ePsf],

lxnf] xg' slxn] 5f8] \5 xfn] f <
Zofd t08'sf/– jiff{ Ct'df o:t} xf] /fd . z/b\ Ct' cfPkl5 lxnf] x'g 5f]8\5 .
/fd ;xgL – z/b\ Ct' slxn] k5{ t <
k|Llt /fO{ – dnfO{ yfxf 5, z/b\ Ct' c;f]h / sflQs dlxgfdf k5{ . To;a} ]nf b;F} ltxf/

klg k5{ . z/b\ Ct'kl5 dª\l;/ / k;' dlxgfdf xd] Gt Ct' k5{ . xd] Gt Ctd' f w/] } hf8f]
x'G5 . Toltv/] afSnf] n'uf nufP/ lxF8g\ 'k5 { . kfgL t emg\ 5'g} ;lsFb}g .
kL| lt /fO{ – x]dGt Ctk' l5 sg' Ct' cfp5F <
Zofd t08s' f/ – xd] Gtkl5 lzlz/ Ct' cfp5F  . lzlz/ Ct' df3 / kmfug' dlxgfdf k5 { .
/fd ;xgL – Toltv/] emg\ hf8f] x'G5 . xfd|f] 3/lt/ t lbp;F } zLt k5 { . s'lx/f] dfq}
nflu/xG5 .
kL| lt /fO{ – rt} nfuk] l5 t hf8f] x/fOxfN5 lg Û -rf/}lt/ x/] /] _ cfxf Û j;Gt Ctd' f
¿vdf slnnf kft knfpF5g \ . kmn' kmN' 5g\ clg /dfOnf] x'G5 .
Zofd t08'sf/ – rt} / j}zfv dlxgfdf j;Gt Ct' k5{ . ltdLn] oxL eGg vf]h]sf xf} <
kL| lt /fO{ – xf] Zofd Û af/ dlxgfdf ^ j6f Ct' x'G5g\ .
/fd ;xgL – P Û wGojfb x} Zofd . kL| ltnfO{ klg wGojfb Û ltdLx¿n] dnfO{ Cts' f]
af/]df w]/} s/' f a'emfOlbof} .
kL| lt /fO{ / Zofd t08s' f/ – -Ps}rf]l6_ ltdLnfO{ klg wGojfb Û
/fd ;xgL – n t d ca hfG5' x} Û
kL| tL /fO{ – xfdL klg hfG5f}F .
-ltg} hgf hfG5g\_

^= cGtj}o{ lQms lj|mofsnfk
5j6f ;dx" df a; . kT| o]s ;d"xsf] gfd j|mdzM j;Gt, u|Lid, jiff,{ z/b,\ xd] Gt / lzlz/

Ct' /fv . cfkm\gf] ;d"xsf] gfdsf] Ct'sf af/d] f b'Ob{ O' { jfSo nv]  . tL jfSo rf6{ kk] /df
;f/ / sIffsf] leQfdf 6fF; .

&= cGtM jo} lQms lj|mofsnfk
sIffsf kT| os] ljBfyL{ a]Unfa]Un} a; . af/j6f dlxgfsf] gfd / 5j6f Cts' f] gfd

/fv]/ sljtf agfpm / ;fyLnfO{ ;g' fpm .

156

lj:t[t ljifo ;"rL

z4' af]w / zAb z4' n]vg cEof;
pRrf/0f cleJolQm e08f/ nv] g yk
PsfO cfvF L‰ofn kf7 kf7 zLifs{ Jofs/0f >l' t nv] g cg'nv] g÷ l;h{gfTds cEof; ;dx" sfo{ v]Nbfv]Nb}

x:tn]vg n]vg

! ;fxl;s ;fx;L rGbl| jGb' j:t'ut kZ| g, cg's/0ffTds lj|mofofu] L cfwf cIf/ …aÚ / …jÚ nfu] lrXg syf k"/f zAb lrq
sfd u/]s]f ! bLks nfu]sf zAb ljifout k|Zg, zAb, zAb ePsf zAb sf, x:| j Osf/ k|of]u ug{] e08f/ j0fg{
lrq j0fg{ 36gfjm| d ldnfpg], lgdf{0f, zAb nfus] f zAb ePsf
;dfnf]rgfTds / hfn jfSo,
l;hg{ fTds kZ| g d"nefj

@ Ct' / z/b\ kofo{ jfrL zAb, noaf]w, ljifout cfwf cIf/ cfwf cIf/ psf/ nfu]sf kf7sf z'esfdgf
ljzi] ftfsf] ! b;;F} uF ;DalGwt j:t'ut k|Zg, ePsf zAb ePsf zAb zAb Znfs] kq
;dfnfr] gfTds
hf8] zAb l;hg{ fTds kZ| g

ljk/LtfyL{ zAb, j:t'ut kZ| g, …jÚ / …aÚ ko| fu] ;"rgf
Ct' / dlxgfsf ljifout k|Zg ePsf zAb,
157 @ jiff{ ;dfnf]rgfTds / cfwf …/Ú k|ofu] ;j{gfd …aÚ / …jÚ …zÚ, …ifÚ / …;Ú kf7sf] cg'R5]b k/" f k9/] >'lt sf]7k] b
Ct' gfd cIf/ l;h{gfTds k|Zg ePsf zAb k|ofu] ePsf ko| fu] ePsf cg'R5b] ug{] k|Zgsf] nv] g
ldnfO{ zAb dn" efj pQ/
zAb zAb
agfpg]
n]Vg]

kfgLsf …;Ú / …zÚ sf] j:tu' t / zAb / cy{, …zÚ, …;Ú / …aÚ / …jÚ ;j+ fb ¥ofnLsf]
# ;|ft] hgfpg] ! kfgLsf] ko| f]u ePsf ljifout k|Zg, ljk/LtfyL{ zAb k~rd j0fs{ f] ko| f]u ePsf cg'n]vg cfof]hgf
;/+ If0f zAb / cfwf ;dfnfr] gfTds / kfgLsf ;f| t] lnË ko| f]u ePsf Osf/ k|ofu] dn" efj clego ug{]
zAb vf]Hg] ePsf zAb / ;+jfb ug]{
cIf/ ePsf zAb l;hg{ fTds kZ| g hgfpg] zAb zAb
k/" f ug]{

;+:sl[ t cfdf rGbl| jGb' nfus] f, noaf]w, ljifout zAb / cy{, Osf/, psf/ nfus] f, Osf/, psf/
$ emNsg] ! cfwf cIf/ ko| f]u k|Zg, kbj|md, p:t} ;'lgg] …aÚ / …jÚ ko| fu] nfus] f zAb kf7sf] sljtf k/" f
zAb, gftf ePsf, rGb|ljGb' …jÚ / …aÚ ko| f]u Znfs] ug]{
kmf]6f] 6f:F g] ePsf zAb ;dfnf]rgfTds / a'emfpg] zAb nfus] f zAb ePsf zAb
l;h{gfTds kZ| g

@ gfu/fhsf] dfqf nfu]sf j:tu' t k|Zg, zAb lgdf{0f, gfd dfqf nfus] f Osf/ nfu]sf kf7sf] syf k/" f afw] z4' /ª eg{]
ef]6f] cfwf cIf/ ljifout kZ| g, zAb rog, zAb zAb cg'R5b] , ug{] kZ| g n]vg
ko| f]u ePsf ;dfnf]rgfTds / zAbhfn d"nefj
l;hg{ fTds kZ| g

% lrq j0f{g ! lstfa cfwf cIf/ j:t'ut kZ| g, kofo{ jfrL zAb, ljzi] f0f cfwf cIf/ Osf/ nfus] f kf7sf] lstfasf] l;hg{ fTds lrq
nfus] f ljifout kZ| g, dfqf ldnfO{ ePsf zAb zAb dn" efj af/d] f nV] g] nv] g agfpg]
;dfnf]rgfTds / zAb agfpg] / /ª eg]{
l;h{gfTds k|Zg

g]kfnsf] Csf/ nfus] f noafw] , p:t} ;'lgg] …zÚ, …;Ú ko| fu]
^ gS;fdf 7fpF ! / k~rd j0f{ ePsf / Osf/
gk/fF} ePsf zAb ljifout kZ| gj|md zAb, ljk/LtfyL{ nfus] f zAb bL3{ Osf/ nfu] kf7sf] sljtf k/" f
bv] fpg] eodf sf zAb Znf]s ug]{
;dfnf]rgfTds / zAb, lje"ltsf

l;h{gfTds kZ| g gfd

@ ;u/dfyf …/Ú k|ofu] ePsf j:t'ut k|Zg, ljk/LtfyL{ zAb, ljelQm …zÚ, …;Ú, …jÚ, … …/Ú sf] ko| f]u dn" efj hLjgL k/" f af]w / cf/f]xLsf]
cf/fx] L zAb, cfwf cIf/ ljifout kZ| g, 6S' sf / ltgsf aÚ ko| f]u ePsf ePsf zAb ug]{ cleJolQm tl:j/ x/] L
t]Dafl5/L ;dfnf]rgfTds / gfd n]Vg]
k|ofu] ePsf l;hg{ fTds kZ| g cy{ zAb
zAb

j:t'ut ljifout

& lrq j0f{g ! >j0fsd' f/ Csf/ nfus] f k|Zg, 36gfjm| d zAb / cy{, ;+ofh] s cfwf cIf/ …CÚ sf/ x|:j, syf k"/f zAb vk{g
zAb ldnfpg,] kof{ojfrL zAb ePsf zAb bL3{ Osf/ d"nefj ug]{ e08f/ agfpg]
nfus] f zAb lrq
;dfnfr] gfTds / / zAb 5gf6}

l;hg{ fTds kZ| g

@ ;fyLnfO{ rGb|ljGb' nfu]sf j:tu' t k|Zg, p:t} cy{ cfpg] jt{dfg ljleGg dfqf cGTodf bL3{ dn" efj lrq j0f{g Jofs/0f
lr7L / cfwf cIf/ ljifout, zAb, zAb sfnaf6 nfu]sf / cfwf Osf/ cfpg]
158 ePsf zAb e"tsfndf cIf/ ePsf
;dfnfr] gfTds / 5gf6} , cGTodf kl/jt{g zAb
l;hg{ fTds kZ| g bL3{ Osf/ zAb
nfu]sf zAb

nfebfos cfwf cIf/ j:t'ut k|Zg, zAb / cy,{ …aÚ / …jÚ …aÚ / syf af]w af]w / af6f] kQf
uf]sL ePsf zAb ljifout, kofo{ jfrL zAb, jrg, agfpg] kZ| g cleJolQm nufpg]
( lrq j0f{g ! k|ofu] ePsf …jÚ ko| fu] ePsf dn" efj
;dfnfr] gfTds / cIf/ ldnfP/ lgkft
l;h{gfTds k|Zg zAb agfpg] zAb zAb

!) hf8] f ! 3f8] f rGbl| jGb' nfus] f noafw] kbjm| d cfsf/ nfus] f kf7sf rGbl| jGb' nfu] kf7sf] lrq j0f{g gofF zAb
ldnfpg] / cfwf cIf/ ldnfpg,] ljifout, zAb / kªl\ Qm sf zAb sljtfsf] kQf
ePsf zAb ;dfnfr] gfTds /
l;hg{ fTds kZ| g zAb 5gf}6 nufpg]

cª\u]h| L zAb / j:tu' t, ljifout, ;fOsnsf gfdofu] L …;Ú sf] k|ofu] …OÚ sf/ nfus] f dn" efj oftfoftsf Jofs/0f af6f] kQf
@ ;fOsn cfwf cIf/ ko| fu] ;dfnfr] gfTds / kf6kh' fs{ f / s/0f ePsf zAb / rGbl| jGb' ;fwg af/] nufpg]
nfus] f zAb kfrF jfSo
ePsf zAb l;hg{ fTds k|Zg gfd
n]Vg]

@ Oi{ of{ /k] m nfu]sf / ljifout kZ| g, kof{ojfrL / ljz]if0f Osf/, psf/ …zÚ / …ifÚ sf] dn" efj syf ls;fgn]
cfwf cIf/ 36gfjm| d, ljk/LtfyL{ ko| f]u ePsf k|ofu] ePsf k/" f ug]{ cg'nv] g ko| f]u ug]{
ko| fu] ePsf zAb, jfSo …aÚ sf] ko| f]u
;dfnfr] gfTds / zAb ePsf zAb j:t' lrGg]
zAb l;h{gfTds k|Zg lgdf{0f

lzIfsnfO{ lgb{z] g

lzIfs ;fyLx¿, gk] fnL efiff aur}F f zª[ v\ nfsf k':tsnfO{ ;s;] Dd gjLg / dgf]/~hgk"0f{ tl/sfn]
l;sfO cEof; u/fpg ldNg] u/L tof/ kfl/Psf] 5 . o; k':tssf kf7nfO{ dfWod agfP/
ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ eflifs ;Lk / hLjgfk] ofu] L ;Lk l;sfpg' xfdf| ] p2]Zo xf] . oxfF ;dflji6 ljwf,
If]q tyf qmd cl3Nnf / kl5Nnf sIffdf /flvPsf kf7 / cEof;sf :t/cg;' f/ /flvPsf] 5
tfklg kf7k5fl8 lbOg] cEof;sf zLif{sx¿df Ps¿ktf NofOPsf] 5 . kf7df lbOPsf cEof;x¿
gdg' f dfq xg' \ . tkfOx+{ ¿n] To:t} vfn] cGo lqmofsnfk u/fP/ lzIf0f l;sfO lqmofsnfk ug{
;Sgx' G' 5 .

sIffdf kf7 k9fpg ;?' ug{'cl3 ljBfyLx{ ¿nfO{ kf7k|lt hfu?s agfpg, To; PsfOleqsf kf7df
l;Sgk' g]{ s/' fsf] ;"rgf lbg cfvF L‰ofn /flvPsf] xf ] . ToxfF lbOPsf lqmofsnfk u/fpbF } To;;} Fu
;DalGwt To:t} vfn] cGo s'/fsfgL / cEof; klg oxfxF ¿n] u/fpg' pko'Qm x'G5 .

k7gqmdsf aLrdf sg' } sg' } kf7df kv,{ ;fr] / eg /flvPsf] 5 . ljBfyLn{ fO{ kf7sf] cfufdL
cz+ kl| t pT;'stf hufpg / kf7 k9\bf cN5Lsf] cg'e"lt x6fpg o:tf] lqmofsnfk /flvPsf] xf ] .
…kv,{ ;f]r / egÚ cGtu{t /flvPsf k|Zgsf] pQ/ ljBfyL{af6 h] cfP klg To;nfO{ v;' L;fy
l:jsfgx'{ f];\ / cGo pQ/sf nflu pgLx¿nfO{ pTkl]| /t ul//xg'xf]; \ . ljBfyLn{ ] klxn] g} kf7
kl9;s]sf] /x]5 / ;xL hjfkm lbP5 eg] klg To;nfO{ cGo pQ/ h;/L g} l:jsfg{x' f;] \ / kf7
cufl8 a9fpgx' f;]  \ .

x/s] kf7sf] cEof;df z4' pRrf/0fsf nflu s]xL zAb lbOPsf 5g \ . gk] fnL dfte[ fifL
ljBfyL{eGbf cGo dft[efifL ljBfyL{nfO{ z4' pRrf/0f ug{ ufxf| ] xg' ] xb'F f pgLx¿nfO{ af/Daf/
pRrf/0f cEof; u/fpg'xf;]  \ . To;a]nf ljBfyL{ sg' eflifs ;db' fosf] xf] To;cg;' f/ cEof;
u/fpgk' 5 { . h:t} yf? / gj] f/ ;d'bfosf ljBfyL{nfO{ …tÚ sf] pRrf/0fdf, u¿' ª, du/ ;db' fosf
ljBfyLn{ fO{ …cÚ sf] pRrf/0fdf a9L Vofn ug'{k5{ . pRrf/0f ug{ ufx|f] xg' ] cGo :j/ / Jo~hg
j0f{ kQf nufpgx' f]; \ . ljBfyL{nfO{ kfnk} fnf] kf7 k9g\ nufpgx' f];\ / pRrf/0f ug{ ufxf| ] ePsf
zAb l6k/] tTsfn} pRrf/0f cEof; u/fOxfNgx' f;] \ .

afw] / cleJolQmsf] v08df klg kf7sf] cy{ nufpFb} hfFbf j:t'ut pQ/ cfpg] / Ps jfSodf
pQ/ cfpg] h:tf 5f6] f k|Zgx¿ ;fW] b} hfgx' f];\ . o; v08df ax'j}slNks, ;ªl\ IfKt / lj:tt[
pQ/ cfpg] vfnsf kZ| g klg ;dflji6 5g\ . ljBfyLd{ f l;hg{ fTds / cfnfr] gfTds tl/sfn]
;f]Rg ;Sg] Ifdtf ljsf; ug{sf nflu cge' j ;f6f;f6 u/, ;f]r / eg zLifs{ df kZ| gx¿
/flvPsf 5g \ . cge' j ;f6f;f6 ug]{ kZ| gdf ljBfyL{sf JolQmut cg'ej Pscsf{nfO{ ;'gfP/ To;}
cg;' f/ 5nkmn u/L pQ/ lgsfNg pgLnfO{ k|f]T;fxg ugx{' f;] \ . …;fr] / egÚ zLif{ssf k|Zgdf
kf7sf] ;Gben{ fO{ cfwf/ agfP/ clns km/s tl/sfn] pQ/ lgsfNg kf| T] ;flxt ug'{xf];\ . o:tf
k|Zgsf] pQ/ ;a} ljBfyL{x¿af6 Ps} lsl;dn] cfpFb}g . pgLx¿af6 hlt km/s–km/s vfnsf
pQ/ cfp5F g\, Tolt g} pgLx¿sf] l;hg{ fTds / cfnf]rgfTds Ifdtf jl[ 4 x'bF } hfG5 . To;n} ]
;s;] Dd km/s / cfnfr] gfTds pQ/sf nflu kf| T] ;flxt ug'{xf;] \ .

k:' tsdf ;d"xsfos{ f nflu ljBfyL{ cfk}mFn] ug'{kg]{ lqmofsnfk /flvPsf 5g \ . tL lqmofsnfk

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u/fpFbf ;dx" agfpgb] l] v lgisif{ lgsfNg];Ddsf ;Dk"0f{ sfo{ pgLnfO{ g} ug{ lbgx' f;] \  . ;dx" agfpFbf
km/s–km/s tl/sfn] l;Sg] Ifdtf ePsf ljBfyL{nfO{ ;s;] Dd Pp6f ;dx" df kg{] u/L /fVg nufpg'xf;]  \ .
;d"xsf] kl| tlglw 5gf6} ubf{ klg ;wF} Ps} hgfnfO{eGbf kfn}kfnf] cj;/ lbg nufpg'xf]; \ . Pp6}
;d"xdf ;w}F pxL ljBfyL{nfO{ /xg glbO{ km/s ;dx" df /xg k|fT] ;fxg ugx'{ f];\ . ljBfyL{n] ;fdl" xs
cEof; ubf{ lzIfsaf6 ;s;] Dd x:tIf]k gxf];\ t/ cfjZos 7fpFdf ;xofu] ul/of];\ .

Jofs/0fsf cEof;x¿ sfo{d"ns agfOPsf 5g\ . l;4fGteGbf Jojxf/df a9L hf]8 lbOPsf sf/0f
Jofs/0f lzIf0fdf kf7nfO{ cfwf/ agfpg'xf];\ . kf7df lbPsf cEof; gdg' f dfq xg' \ . To;n} ]
oxfxF ¿ Pp6} kf7af6 Jofs/0fsf cGo kIfx¿sf] klg lzIf0f ug{ :jtGq x'g'xG' 5 .

>l' t nv] gsf] cEof; ;g' fO ;Lk ljsf; u/fpgsf nflu lbOPsf] xf] . cEof; u/fpbF f lzIfsn]
eGg] / ljBfyL{n] gx]/Lsg n]Vg] ug'k{ 5 { . ljBfyL{n] n]v]kl5 sfkL ;f6f;f6 u/fO{ k:' ts x]//] hfRF g
lbg ;lsG5 . o;nfO{ ;d"x cEof;åf/f klg u/fpg ;lsG5 .

z'4 nv] gsf] cEof; klg ljBfyL{nfO{ gx]/Lsg nV] g nufO{ kf7 x]/]/ hfFRg nufpg ;lsG5 .
ljBfyL{nfO{ g} hfRF g nufpFbf q'l6 ug{ ;Sg] :yfgsf] af/]df pgLx¿nfO{ 1ft x'G5 / pgLx¿ :jod\
;r]t x'g k'Ub5g \ .

x/s] kf7df cg'n]vgsf cEof; /flvPsf 5g \ . ltgdf lbOPsf cEof; ljBfyL{nfO{ /fd|f, afGsL
ldn]sf / ;kmf cIf/ n]Vg] afgL a;fpg, ;fe] mf] l8sf] lbg / ljzi] ftM kf7df ko| f]u ePsf
lrXgx¿ ofb u//] tbg'¿k lrXg ko| f]u ug{ ;Sg] agfpg lbOPsf] xf ] . cg'nv] gsf] bf;] f| ]
cEof;df PsfOdf k:| tt' kf7x¿sf] d"n efjnfO{ g} ;fg{ lbOPsf] 5 . PsfOdf k|:tt' kf7x¿sf]
p2]Zo, d"nefj / ;Gb]zaf/] ljBfyLn{ fO{ a'emfpg] / efj lj:tf/ ug]{ vfnsf cEof;nfO{ ;xof]u
xf;] \ eGg] x]tn' ] To;f] ul/Psf] xf ] . To;}n] cgn' ]vgsf] lqmofsnfk u/fpg lgwf/{ 0f ul/Psf
eGbfafx]s cGo cgR' 5]b jf kf7åf/f klg cEof; u/fpg ;lsg] 5 .

;flxTo l;hg{ f tyf Jofjxfl/s nv] g sfo{ ug{;Sg] Ifdtf a9fpg l;hg{ fTds n]vgsf] cEof;
/flvPsf] xf] . ljBfyLn{ ] u/s] f ;a} l;h{gfnfO{ ;sf/fTds ¿kn] lnP/ xf;} nf lbg'k5{ . k:' tsdf
cGo Jofjxfl/s cEof;sf nflu cfjZostfcg';f/ yk cEof;x¿ klg /flvPsf 5g \ .

plNnlvtafx]s x/s] PsfOsf] cGTodf v]Nbfv]Nb} zLifs{ df lqmofsnfk lbOPsf] 5 . l;sfOnfO{
dgf/] ~hgk0" f{ agfpg o:tf] lqmofsnfk /flvPsf] xf ] . o;n] klg km/s–km/s l;sfO Ifdtf ePsf
ljBfyLx{ ¿nfO{ l;Sg kf| T] ;flxt ub{5 .

x/]s ljBfyLs{ f] l;Sg] Ifdtf / l;Sg] tl/sf km/s xG' 5 eGg] ax'k|ltefsf] l;4fGtnfO{ cfwf/
agfP/ k:| tt' k:' tsdf ax' k|ltef a9fpg] vfnsf lqmofsnfk /flvPsf 5g \ . tL lqmofsnfk
klg ljBfyL{ cfkm} nF fO{ ug{ k|f]T;flxt ugk'{ 5 { . o;sf nflu k|:t't k:' tssf] cGTodf gd'gf
lqmofsnfk lbOPsf] 5 . To;nfO{ cfwf/ agfP/ cGo lqmofsnfk agfO{ eflifs ;Lk / efiffsf
cGo kIfx¿ l;sfpg ;ls|G5 .

lzIfs ;fyLx¿, k':tsdf k|jz] ugc'{ l3 o; lgb]{zgnfO{ /fd|/L k9L tbg¿' k lzIf0f l;sfO
lqmofsnfk ugx'{ g' xflb{s cg/' fw] ub5{ f}F / cWofkgsf qmddf cfpg] k|ltlqmofnfO{ xfdL;dIf
k'¥ofOlbO{ ;xofu] ul/lbgx' 'g klg ljgd| cg'/f]w ub5{ f} F .

nv] s tyf ;Dkfbs

160