Modul Fizik SPM Kertas 2 & 3

Bab 5: Cahaya Chapter 5: Light
[1 mark / 1 markah]
(a) (i) Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan imej nyata?
What is meant by real image?

(ii) Berapakah jarak objek untuk objek tersebut membentuk imej nyata?
What is the object distance for the object to form real image?

[1 mark / 1 markah]
(ii) Bandingkan jarak objek, jarak imej dan saiz imej yang dihasilkan oleh kanta R dan S.

Buatkan satu kesimpulan mengenai hubungan antara jarak objek dan saiz imej.
Compare the object distance, the image distance and the size of the image produced by the
lenses R and S. Make a deduction regarding the relationship between the object distance and
the size of the image.

[5 marks / 5 markah]

(b) Terangkan satu kaedah untuk menganggarkan kuasa kanta cembung. Nyatakan unit untuk kuasa
kanta.
Explain a method to estimate the power of a convex lens. State the unit for power of lens.

[4 marks / 4 markah]

(c) Anda diberi dua kanta cembung, K dan L masing-masing mempunyai panjang fokus 5 cm dan 50
cm. Kedua-dua kanta dilaraskan untuk membina satu teleskop ringkas pada pelarasan normal.
You are given two convex lenses, K and L with focal lengths 5 cm and 50 cm respectively. Both the
lenses are adjusted to construct a simple telescope at normal adjustment.

(i) Terangkan bagaimana anda menjalankan pembinaan teleskop ringkas.
Explain how the method you are going to carry out to construct the simple telescope.

[6 marks / 6 markah]

(ii) Nyatakan tiga perbezaan antara teleskop dan mikroskop majmuk.
State three differences between telescope and compound microscope.

[3 marks / 3 markah]

Bab 5: Cahaya Chapter 5: Light

10 Gambarajah 11.1 menunjukkan seorang pengumpul setem sedang meneliti sekeping setem
menggunakan kanta pembesar.
Diagram 11.1 shows a stamp collector examines a stamp using a magnifying glass.

Rajah 11.1 / Diagram11.1

Jadual 11 menunjukkan ciri-ciri bagi empat jenis kanta pembesar
Table 11 shows characteristics of four types of magnifying glass

Jenis kanta Ciri-ciri
pembesar Characteristics
Types of
Magnifying Peratus cahaya Jenis kanta Type Jarak fokus
glass dipancarkan / %
Percentage of of lens Focal length / Diameter/cm

light cm 15.0
transmitted 5.0
15.0
J 90 Cembung 5.0 5.0
Convex

K 95 Cekung 20.0
Concave

L 95 Cembung 20.0
Convex

M 85 Cekung 5.0
Concave

Jadual 11
Table 11

Bab 5: Cahaya Chapter 5: Light
[1 mark]
(a) Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan jarak fokus?
What is meant by the focal length?

(b) Anda dikehendaki memilih kanta pembesar yang sesuai untuk digunakan oleh pengumpul
setem untuk meneliti setemnya

You are requested to choose the magnifying glass to be used by a stamp collector to
examines the stamps.

Dengan merujuk kepada ciri-ciri yang diberikan dalam Jadual 11, terangkan
kesesuaian setiap ciri dan cadangkan kanta pembesar yang paling sesuai untuk digunakan oleh
pengumpul setem tersebut.
By referring to the characteristics given in Table 11, explain the suitability of each
characteristic and suggest the most suitable magnifying glass to be used by a stamp
collector.

[10 marks]

(c) Seorang pelajar menggunakan kanta pembesar M untuk memerhati semut yang kecil
pada jarak 2 cm.
A student is using a magnifying glass M to observe a small ant at a distance of 2 cm.

(i) Kirakan jarak imej.
Calculate the image distance.

[2 marks]

(ii) Tentukan pembesaran linear bagi imej semut tersebut.
Determine the linear magnification of the image of the ant.

[2 marks]

(d) Anda diberikan satu kanta .Huraikan bagaimana anda dapat menentukan kuasa kanta
tersebut. Nyatakan hubungan antara kuasa kanta dengan panjang fokus kanta.
You are given a convex lens. Describe how the power of the lens can be determined.
State the relationship between power and focal length of a lens.

[5 marks]

Bab 5: Cahaya Chapter 5: Light
Skema Jawapan Bab 5
Markah
Q. no a) Jawapan 1
1 b) Mencapah // Kanta Cembung 1
c) ↑ 1
JUMLAH d) Imej tidak boleh terbentuk pada skrin. 1
4
Imej menjadi kecil
Markah
Q. no Jawapan 2
2
(
i
)

( • Total internal reflection 1
i Pantulan dalam penuh 2

i

)
( • Light travels from denser medium to less dense medium.
i Cahaya merambat dari medium lebih tumpat ke medium yang
i kurang tumpat.
i • Angle of incidence is greater than the critical angle
) Sudut tuju lebih besar daripada sudut genting

JUMLAH 5

Q. Jawapan Markah
1
no

3 a) (i) - 2 alur cahaya

- Imej

1

OI

Bab 5: Cahaya Maya, tegak, lebih kecil dari objek Chapter 5: Light
(ii) 1
1
b) (i)

CO F IF C

(ii) - 2 alur cahaya 1
JUMLAH - Imej maya Maya, tegak, lebih kecil dari objek 1
6
4 (a) Reflection of light
(b) Concave mirror 1
(c) Virtual, upright and magnified
(d) 1

1
1
1
1
1

Total 7

5 (a) Refraction 1
1
(b) (i) Object distance 5.1 > 5.2 1
1
(ii) Image distance 5.1 < 5.2 1
1
(c) Image must be on the retina.

(d) (i) Concave lens

(ii) Convex lens

Bab 5: Cahaya Chapter 5: Light
(e)
1. Correct shape of lens (concave) drawn in the box 1
2. Light rays diverge after passing through concave lens then 1

converge on the retina after passing through eye lens.

Total 8

Q. no Jawapan Markah
6 1
a) Reflection Pantulan 2
b) 1. Virtual 2. Laterally inverted
1
Maya Sonsang sisi 1
c) 60 cm 1
d) F terbalik
e) Eclipse of Sun

Gerhana matahari
f)

JUMLAH 2
7 (a)(i) Menumpulkan lebih banyak cahaya ( dari objek ) supaya imej lebih terang 8
1

(ii) Menghitungkan panjang fokus dengan betul 1
f 0 = 1 m / 0.5 m / 50 cm
(b)(i) 2 1
(ii) atau 1
1
f 0 = 1 m / 0.05 m / 5 cm 1
20

Menghitungkan panjang teleskop

Panjang = ( 50 + 5 ) = 55 cm

Teleskop panjang / sukar dibawa
Imej songsang

Prisma 45˚

Bab 5: Cahaya Chapter 5: Light

(iii)

Susunan prisma pertama betul 1
Susunan prisma kedua betul 1
[ Nota: Terima rajah prisma 3 dimensi / 2 dimensi ]
1
(iv) Lintasan sinaran cahaya betul 1
10
(v) Pantulan dalam penuh
Note
JUMLAH

QUESTION 8 Mark Answer
(a) 1
State the correct meaning of refraction
(b) 1 The changes of direction and speed of light when it
1 crosses the boundary between two materials of
1 different optical densities.
Complete the ray diagram correctly
Line parallel principle axis bending through F,
Straight from object pass through optical centre of the
lens,
Show / draw an image at correct position (intercept).

(c) 1 State the correct characteristics State all three characteristics
(d)(i) Real, inverted and magnified.
Correct calculation or answer
(d)(i)
(d)(ii) 1 X: m = 4
1 Y: m = 10
1 Z: m = 20

Give the correct choice
1 Y and Z

Give the correct choice
1 X and Z

Bab 5: Cahaya Chapter 5: Light

(e)(i) 1 State the correct choice
(e)(ii) Lens Z
TOTAL 1 Give the correct reason
12 Larger and clearer image.

Q. Jawapan Markah
no 1
9 a) (i) Image that can form on the screen.
Imej boleh dibentuk di atas skrin.

(ii) Object distance greater than focal length. 1
Jarak objek lebih besar daripada panjang fokus.

(iii) • The object distance in Diagram 9.1 is shorter than Diagram 9.2. 5

Jarak objek dalam Rajah 9.1 lebih pendek daripada Rajah 9.2.
• The image distance in Diagram 9.1 is longer than Diagram 9.2.

Jarak imej dalam Rajah 9.1 lebih panjang daripada Rajah 9.2.
• The size of the image in Diagram 9.1 is larger than Diagram 9.2.
Saiz imej dalam Rajah 9.1 lebih besar daripada Rajah 9.2.
• The image distance increases, the size of the image decrease.

Jarak imej semakin bertambah, saiz imej semakin berkurang.
• The size of the image is inversely proportional to the object

distance./

The object distance increases, the size of the image decreases.

Saiz imej berkadar secara songsang kepada jarak objek. /Jarak objek
semakin bertambah, saiz imej semakin berkurang.

b) Light from distant object is focused onto the screen. Screen is 4
adjusted until a sharp image is formed. Measure the distance from the
screen to the lens, which is the focal length of the lens. Power = 1/ f ,

where f in meter and P in dioptre.

Cahaya daripada objek yang jauh difokuskan pada skrin. Skrin

dilaraskan sehingga satu imej tajam terbentuk. Ukurkan jarak dari
skrin ke kanta di mana ini ialah panjang fokus kanta itu.

Kuasa = 1/ f di mana f dalam meter dan P dalam diopter.

c) (i) Light rays from distant object is focused onto focal point of lens L. 6
The image formed, I acts as object for lens K at the focal point of
lens K. Distance between lens L and lens K is (50 + 5) = 55 cm.The
final image is enlarged, virtual, inverted and at the infinity.
Sinar cahaya dari objek yang jauh difokuskan pada titik fokus kanta
L. Imej terbentuk, I bertindak sebagai objek bagi kanta K berada pada
titik fokus kanta K.
Jarak antara kanta L dan K ialah (50 + 5) = 55 cm. Imej akhir
diperbesarkan, maya, songsang dan di infiniti.

Bab 5: Cahaya Chapter 5: Light

(ii) Telescope Microscope 3
JUMLAH Teleskop Mikroskop

Power of objective Power of objective
lens is lower than lens is higher than the
eyepiece eyepiece
Kuasa kanta objektif Kuasa kanta objektif
lebih rendah daripada lebih tinggi daripada
kanta mata kanta mata

Object is at infinity Object is very near
Objek berada di infi niti Objek sangat dekat

Final image is at Final image is near
infinity the microscope
Imej akhir berada di Imej akhir dekat mikroskop
infiniti

20

Bab 5: Cahaya Chapter 5: Light

Bhg Mrk Jawapan Catatan
Soalan 10 The distance from the primary focus to the optical center
(a) 1
It should be convex
(b) The magnified image can be obtained
1
2

3 Percentage of light of the lenses should be high
4 The image would be brighter and clearer

5 Its focal length should be short
6 The power of lens will be high and can be focused at a short

distance

7 diameter of lens should be large
8 it is gives a bigger display

9 the most suitable brand is J

10 type of lens is convex, percentage of light is high , focal length is short and
size is bigger

(c)
( i ) 1/f = 1/v + 1/u

1 1/5 = ½ + 1/v
2 v = - 3.33cm

( ii ) magnification = v/u
1 3.33/2
2 1.67 times
Or 5/3times

(d)
1 The lens is directed to a distant object such as tree

2 The screen was adjusted behind the lens until a sharp image
formed

3 the distance between the lens and the screen measured

4 The power of the lens are determined using 1/f

5 The shorter the focal length the more the power of lens.

Total 20 M

Bab 6: GELOMBANG Chapter 6: WAVE

BAHAGIAN A
SOALAN 1

Diagram below shows electromagnetic wave propagates through air.
Rajah di bawah menunjukkan gelombang elektromagnet merambat melalui ruang udara.

Magnetic field/ Medan Magnet

Electric field/ Wave
Medan Elecktrik direction

(a) What is meant by electromagnetic wave?
Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan gelombang elektromagnet?

[ 1 mark/ markah]

(b) Give one common characteristic of the electromagnetic waves.
Berikan satu ciri sepunya bagi gelombang-gelombang elektromagnet.

[ 1 mark/ markah]

(c) Table below shows three types of electromagnetic wave and their applications.
Jadual di bawah menunjukkan tiga jenis gelombang elektromagnet dan kegunaannya.

Bab 6: GELOMBANG Chapter 6: WAVE

Remote control Radio Radar system
W
Infra red Radio wave
Infra merah Gelombang radio

(i) What is the type of electromagnetic wave, W which used in the radar system?
Apakah jenis gelombang elektromagnet, W yang digunakan dalam sistem radar?

[ 1 mark/ markah]

(ii) Give one reason for your answer.
Berikan satu sebab bagi jawapan anda.

[ 1 mark/ markah]

SOALAN 2

Diagram below shows two pulses of waves P and Q respectively moving toward to each
other in a slinky spring.
Rajah di bawah menunjukkan dua denyutan gelombang spring slinki P dan Q masing-
masing bergerak ke arah satu sama lain.

Pa
R

-a Q

Bab 6: GELOMBANG Chapter 6: WAVE

(a) What type of wave is produced in diagram above?
Apakah jenis gelombang yang dihasilkan dalam rajah di atas?

[ 1 mark/ markah]

(b) Sketch the shape of slinky spring and label the resultant amplitude of the pulse
when the two pulses meet at point R.
Lakarkan bentuk spring slinki dan labelkan amplitude paduan apabila dua
denyutan bertemu pada titk R.

[ 2 marks/ markah]

(c) Diagram below show the pulse moving slinky spring. Velocity of the pulse
moving slinky spring is 24 cm s-1.
Rajah di bawah menunjukkan denyutan gerakan spring slinki. Halaju denyutan
gerakan spring slinki ialah 24 cm s-1.

12 cm

Calculate the frequency of the pulse moving slinky spring.
Hitungkan frekuensi denyutan gerakan spring slinki.

[ 2 marks/ markah]

Bab 6: GELOMBANG Chapter 6: WAVE

SOALAN 3

Diagram (a) shows the propagation of water waves in a ripple tank over a perspex plate in the
shape of a trapezium.
Diagram(b) shows the propagation of water waves from the sea as they advance towards the
beach.
Rajah(a) menunjukkan perambatan gelombang air dalam tangki riak merentasi satu kepingan
perspek berbentuk trapezium.
Rajah(b) menunjukkan perambatan gelombang air dari laut dalam menghampiri kawasan
pantai.

Diagram (a) Diagram (b)
Rajah (a) Rajah (b)

(a) Based on Diagram(a) and Diagram(b):
Berdasarkan Rajah(a) dan Rajah(b):

(i) State one similarities for the situations in Diagram(a) and (b).
Nyatakan dua kesamaan untuk situasi dalam Rajah(a) dan (b).

(ii) Name the phenomenon observed. [ 1 marks/ markah]
Namakan fenomena yang diperhatikan. [ 1 mark/ markah]

Bab 6: GELOMBANG Chapter 6: WAVE

(b) (i) What is happening to the distance between the wavefronts as the water waves
approach the beach?
Apa yang berlaku terhadap jarak antara muka gelombang apabila gelombang air
menghampiri pantai?

[ 1 mark/ markah]

(ii) Explain your answer in (b)(i).
Terangkan jawapan anda di (b)(i).

[ 1 mark/ markah]

(c) The trapezium shaped perspex plate is replaced with a convex shaped Perspex plate as
shown in Diagram (c).
Kepingan perspek berbentuk trapezium digantikan dengan kepingan perspek berbentuk
cembung seperti Rajah(c).

Draw the wave produced as the wave pass through the convex shaped perspex plate
Diagram(c).
Lukisan gelombang yang terhasil apabila gelombang itu melalui kepingan perspeks
berbentuk cembung pada Rajah(c).

[ 2 marks/ markah]

SOALAN 4

Diagram below shows the arrangement of apparatus to determine the wavelength of
monochromatic light. A fringe pattern is formed on the translucent screen. The distance between
the two slits S1 and S2 is x mm and the distance from the screen with double slits screen is D m.
Rajah di bawah menunjukkan susunan alat radas untuk mencari panjang gelombang cahaya
monokromatik. Corak jalur terhasil pada skrin legap. Jarak antara 2 celah S1 dan S2 ialah x mm
dan jarak antara skrin dan dwicelah ialah D m.

Bab 6: GELOMBANG Chapter 6: WAVE

(a) What is meant by monochromatic light?
Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan cahaya monokromatik?

[ 1 mark/ markah]

(b) (i) Describe the fringe pattern which can be observed on the screen.
Terangkan corak jalur yang dapat diperhatikan pada skrin.

[ 1 mark/ markah]

(ii) What is the wave phenomenon involved in (b)(i)?
Apakah fenomena gelombang yang berlaku di (b)(i)?

[ 1 mark/ markah]

(c) What happens to the pattern of the fringes when
Apakah yang terjadi kepada corak jalur apabila

(i) Distance between S1 and S2 increases:
Jarak di antara S1 dan S2 bertambah:

Bab 6: GELOMBANG Chapter 6: WAVE

(ii) D decreases:
D berkurangan:

[ 2 marks/ markah]

(d) If D=3m , a=0.5 mm and the distance between four fringes is 12mm, calculate the
wavelength of the light wave formed on the screen.
Jika D=3m, a=0.5 mm dan jarak antara empat jalur ialah 12 mm, kira panjang
gelombang bagi gelombang bagi cahaya yang dipapar pada skrin.

[ 2 marks/ markah]

SOALAN 5
Diagram (a) and Diagram (b) show images are formed in a ripple tank when two water waves are
produced by two coherent sources.
Rajah (a) dan Rajah (b) menunjukkan imej yang terbentuk dalam tangki riak apabila dua
gelombang air dihasilkan oleh dua punca yang koheren.

XX

Diagram (a) Diagram (b)
Rajah (a) Rajah (b)

Bab 6: GELOMBANG Chapter 6: WAVE

(a) What is meant by two coherent sources?
Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan dua sumber koheren?

[ 1 mark/ markah]

(b) Observe Diagram(a) and (b), compare
Perhatikan Rajah (a) dan (b), bandingkan

(i) The wavelength of the water wave.
Panjang gelombang bagi gelombang air.

[ 1 mark/ markah]

(ii) The distances between two consecutive nodal lines, x.
Jarak antara dua garis nodal berturutan, x.

[ 1 mark/ markah]

(c) (i) Relate the wavelength, to the distance between two consecutive nodal lines, x.
Hubungkait panjang gelombang, dengan jarak antara dua garis nodal berturutan,
x.

(ii) Name the wave phenomenon involved. [ 1 mark/ markah]
Namakan fenomena gelombang terlibat. [ 1 mark/ markah]

Bab 6: GELOMBANG Chapter 6: WAVE

(d) A student carries out an experiment to investigate the water wave phenomena using the
apparatus as in Diagram below.
Seorang pelajar menjalankan satu eksperimen untuk mengkaji fenomena gelombang air
menggunakan radas seperti dalam Rajah di bawah.

Lamp Water
Lampu Air

Vibrating bar M echanical stroboscope
Bar bergetar Stroboskop mekanikal

Perspex plate
Plat perspek

White paper (screen) Plane water waves
Kertas putih (skrin) Gelombang air

Diagram below shows the side view of the plane water in the ripple tank.
Rajah di bawah menunjukkan pandangan sisi gelombang air satah dalam tangki riak.
(i) Complete the paths of the rays to explain how bright and dark regions formed on the

white paper below the ripple tank.
Lengkapkan Rajah di bawah bagi menerangkan bagaimana kawasan cerah dan
gelap terbentuk pada kertas putih di bawah tangki riak.

Ripple tank
Tangki riak

White paper
Kertas putih

AB

[ 2 marks/ markah]

Bab 6: GELOMBANG Chapter 6: WAVE

(ii) Determine the types of region that formed at A and B.
Tentukan jenis kawasan yang terbentuk pada A dan B.

A : ......................................

B : ......................................

[ 1 mark/ markah]

SOALAN 6

Diagram below shows a few ways of radio wave propagation.
Rajah di bawah menunjukkan beberapa kaedah perambatan gelombang radio.

Ionosphere Wave X
Ionosfera Gelombang X

Wave Y
Gelombang Y

Transmission tower
Menara penghantaran

Earth Satellite station
Stesen satelit bumi

(a) Name the two electromagnet waves used in diagram above.
Namakan dua gelombang electromagnet yang digunakan dalam rajah di atas.

Wave X / gelombang X :
Wave Y / gelombang Y :

[ 2 marks/ markah]

(b) State two differences between wave X and wave Y.
Nyatakan dua perbezaan gelombang Xdan gelombang Y.

(i)

(ii)
[ 2 marks/ markah]

Bab 6: GELOMBANG Chapter 6: WAVE

(c) Diagram below shows the electromagnet spectrum.
Rajah di bawah menunjukkan spektrum electromagnet.

Infrared Gamma
rays rays

(i) Write the appropriate position of wave X and wave Y in the electromagnetic
spectrum in diagram above.
Tuliskan kedudukan gelombang X dan gelombang Ydalam spektrum elektromagnet
dalam rajah di atas.
[ 2 marks/ markah]

(ii) Compare the velocity of wave X and wave Y in vacuum.
Bandingkan halaju gelombang X dan gelombang Y dalam vakum.

[ 1 mark/ markah]

(iii) State one common characteristic of wave X and wave Y.
Nyatakan satu ciri serupa gelombang X dan gelombang Y.

[ 1 mark/ markah]

SOALAN 7

Diagram below shows the shape of the waves generated by a leaking water pipe that lies at the

base of the pond. Some stones are scattered around the leaking point of the water pipe.

Rajah di bawah menunjukkan bentuk gelombang yang dihasilkan oleh sebatang paip yang

terbocor. Paip itu berada di dasar sebuah kolam. Di sekeliling tempat air terbocor itu terdapat

beberapa buah batu.

X Stone
Batu
Leaking Point
Titik bocor

WZ

Y

Bab 6: GELOMBANG Chapter 6: WAVE

(a) Based on the shape of the waves generated
Berdasarkan bentuk gelombang yang terhasil

(i) Name the physical quantity that remains constant when the wave is propagating
outwards
Apakah kuantiti fizikal yang tidak berubah semasa gelombang merambat.

[ 1 marks/ markah]

(ii) State the relationship between velocity and wavelength of the wave
Nyatakan hubungan di antara halaju dan panjang gelombang

[ 1 mark/ markah]

(b) Based on the wavelength generated around the leaking point
Berdasarkan jarak gelombang air yang dihasilkan oleh paip terbocor

(i) Label the 2 areas which are having the same depth with symbol A
Labelkan 2 kawasan yang mempunyai kedalaman yang sama dengan simbol A.
[ 1 mark/ markah]

(ii) Label the deepest area with symbol B.
Labelkan kawasan yang paling dalam dengan simbol B.

[ 1 mark/ markah]

(c) Sketch the wave formed after propagating
Lakarkan bentuk gelombang selepas ia merambat

(i) Through slits X and Y
Melalui celahan X dan Y

(ii) Around stones W and Z [ 2 marks/ markah]
Mengelilingi batu W dan Z [ 2 marks/ markah]

Bab 6: GELOMBANG Chapter 6: WAVE

(d) Based on the answer from question (c), identify 2 facotrs that affect the diffraction.
Berdasarkan jawapan dari soalan (c), tentukan 2 faktor yang mempengaruhi kesan
belauan.

[ 2 marks/ markah]

SOALAN 8

Diagram 8 shows a transmitter sending a sound signal to determine the thickness of a layer
of oil below the ground. Receiver X detects the sound signal 0.4 s after transmission.
Receiver Y detects the sound signal 1.2 s after transmission.

Rajah 8 menunjukkan sebuah pemancar mengeluarkan satu isyarat bunyi untuk
menentukan ketebalan lapisan minyak di bawah tanah. Penerima X mengesan isyarat
bunyi itu 0.4 s selepas pemancaran. Penerima Y mengesan isyarat bunyi itu 1.2 s selepas
pemancaran.

Transmitter Receiver X
Pemancar Penerima X

Receiver Y
Penerima Y

A

Earth layer
Lapisan tanah

Oil layer B
Lapisan minyak

Rock layer
Lapisan batu

Diagram 8 / Rajah 8

(a) State the wave phenomenon which produces:
Nyatakan fenomena gelombang yang menghasilkan:
(i) the signal A / isyarat A

……………………………………………………………. [1 mark / markah]
(ii) the signal B / isyarat B.

……………………………………………………………. [1 mark / markah]

Bab 6: GELOMBANG Chapter 6: WAVE

(b) The speed of sound in the oil layer is 1500 m s–1.
Calculate
Kelajuan bunyi dalam lapisan minyak ialah 1500 m s–1.
Hitungkan

(i) the total time for the sound signal to travel through the oil layer.
jumlah masa untuk isyarat bunyi itu bergerak melalui lapisan minyak.

[2 marks / markah]

(ii) thickness of the oil layer.
ketebalan lapisan minyak.

[3 marks / markah]

(c) Table 8 shows the characteristics of four types of sound waves that could be used to
determine the thickness of the layer of oil.
Jadual 8 menunjukkan ciri-ciri bagi empat jenis gelombang bunyi yang boleh
digunakan untuk menentukan ketebalan lapisan minyak itu.

Type of wave / Jenis gelombang Frequency / Frekuensi Energy / Tenaga

P High / Tinggi High / Tinggi
Q Low / Rendah Low / Rendah
R High / Tinggi Low / Rendah
S Low / Rendah High / Tinggi

Table 8 / Jadual 8

Based on Table 8, explain the suitability of each characteristic of the wave to
determine the thickness of the oil layer.
Berdasarkan Jadual 8, terangkan kesesuaian setiap ciri gelombang itu untuk
menentukan ketebalan lapisan minyak itu.

(i) Frequency / Frekuensi :

………………………………………………………………………………..

………………………………………………………………………………..
[2 marks / markah]

Bab 6: GELOMBANG Chapter 6: WAVE

(ii) Energy / Tenaga :

………………………………………………………………………………..

………………………………………………………………………………..
[2 marks / markah]

(d) Which is the most suitable type of wave determine of thickness of the oil layer?
Apakah jenis gelombang yang paling sesuai untuk menentukan ketebalan lapisan
minyak?

………………………………………………………….………. [1 mark / markah]

BAHAGIAN B

SOALAN 10

10 Diagram 10.1 shows the red fringes formed in a Young’s double slit experiment.
Rajah 10.1 menunjukkan pinggir-pinggir merah yang terbentuk dalam eksperimen dwicelah
Young.

Diagram 10.1
Rajah 10.1

Diagram 10.2 shows the green fringes formed when the red light of wavelength 7.0 x 10 -7 m
is replaced by the green light of wavelength 5.0 x 10-7 m.
Rajah 10.2 menunjukkan pinggir-pinggir yang terbentuk apabila cahaya merah yang
mempunyai panjang gelombang 7.0 x 10 -7 m diganti dengan cahaya hijau yang mempunyai
panjang gelombang 5.0 x 10 -7 m.

Diagram 10.2
Rajah 10.2

(a) (i) What is the meaning of wavelength?
Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan panjang gelombang?

[1 mark/ markah]

Bab 6: GELOMBANG Chapter 6: WAVE

(ii) Based on Diagram 10.1 and Diagram 10.2, compare the wavelength of the light
source used, the distance between two consecutive fringes formed by the respective
light and the distance between two consecutive fringes of red light and green light.
Relate the wavelength of the light with the distance between two consecutive
fringes.
Name the wave phenomenon involved.
[5 marks / markah]

Berdasarkan Rajah 10.1 dan Rajah 10.2, bandingkan panjang gelombang bagi

sumber cahaya yang digunakan, jarak antara dua pinggir berturutan yang

terbentuk oleh cahaya-cahaya itu dan jarak antara dua pinggir berturutan bagi

cahaya merah dan cahaya hijau.

Namakan fenomena gelombang yang terlibat. [5 markah]

(b) Diagram 10.3 shows a train in a tunnel. The sound waves from the train can be heard
loudly and clearly at night.
Rajah 10.3 menunjukkan sebuah keretapi di dalam terowong. Gelombang bunyi dari
keretapi itu boleh didengar dengan kuat dan jelas pada waktu malam.

Diagram 10.3
Rajah 10.3

The distance of the sound waves are further apart at the top than at the ground level.
Explain why this situation occurs, and state how this leads to the sound being loud and
clear.
Jarak gelombnag bunyi adalah lebih besar di atas berbanding di permukaan bumi.
Terangkan bagaimana situasi ini terjadi dan nyatakan bagaimana ini boleh
menyebabkan bunyi kedengaran lebih kuat dan jelas.

[4 marks / markah]

Bab 6: GELOMBANG Chapter 6: WAVE

(c) Diagram 10.4 shows the design of a dish made by a student to boil water in a kettle
using solar energy.
Rajah 10.4 menunjukkan reka bentuk sebuah piring yang dibuat oleh seorang murid
untuk mendidihkan air di dalam cerek menggunakan tenaga suria.

Diagram 10.4
Rajah 10.4

You are required to modify the design in Diagram 10.4 so that the water boils in a
shorter time.
Anda dikehendaki untuk mengubahsuai reka bentuk di dalam Rajah 10.4 supaya air
mendidih dalam masa yang lebih singkat.
State and explain the modifications based on the following aspects:
Nyata dan terangkan pengubahsuaian berdasarkan aspaek-aspek berikut:

(i) Shape of the dish.
Bentuk piring

(ii) The type of surface of the dish.
Jenis permukaan piring.

(iii) Size of the dish.
Saiz piring.

(iv) Position of the kettle.
Kedudukan cerek.

(v) The orientation of the dish.
Orientasi piring.

[10 mark / markah]

Bab 6: GELOMBANG Chapter 6: WAVE

BAHAGIAN C

SOALAN 12

12. (a) Diagram 12.1 shows the pattern of sea waves when approaching the beach.
Rajah 12.1 menunjukkan bentuk gelombang air semasa menghampiri pantai.

Diagram 12.1
Rajah 12.1

(i) Name the wave phenomenon shown in Diagram 12.1.
Namakan fenomena gelombang yang ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 2.1.
[1 mark / markah]

(ii) Explain in terms of the wave phenomena in 12 (a) (i), why the water waves

follow the shape of the beach as it approaches the shore. [4 marks]

Terangkan dalam konteks fenomena gelombang dalam 12 (a) (i) mengapa

gelombang air mengikut bentuk pantai apabila menghampiri tepi pantai.

[4 mark / markah]

(b) The beach in Diagram 12.1 will be used as a place where fisherman boats are
kept.You are assigned to investigate the design for the location to keep the boats and
the characteristics of the retaining wall as shown in Diagram 12.2 based on the
following aspects:
Pantai yang ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 12.1 akan digunakan sebagai tempat bot-
bot nelayan berlabuh. Anda ditugaskan untuk mengkaji reka bentuk bagi lokasi untuk
melabuhkan bot- bot itu dan ciri-ciri banteng penghalang ombak seperti dalam Rajah
12.2 berdasarkan aspek-aspek berikut:

(i) The location to keep the boat.
Lokasi untuk melabuhkan bot.

(ii) Material used for the retaining wall.
Bahan yang digunakan untuk membina benteng.

Bab 6: GELOMBANG Chapter 6: WAVE

(iii) The height of retaining wall.
Ketinggian benteng.

(iv) Size of slit.
Saiz celah.

Explain the suitability of each aspect and then determine the most suitable

design to keep the boat safely.

Give reason for your choice.

Terangkan kesesuaian setiap aspek dan seterusnya tentukan reka bentuk yang

paling sesuai untuk melabuhkan bot-bot dengan selamat.

Beri sebab untuk pilihan anda. [10 mark / markah]

Diagram 12.2
Rajah 12.2

Bab 6: GELOMBANG Chapter 6: WAVE

(c) Diagram 12.3 shows a pattern of waves formed when water waves with a speed of
6 cm s-1 propagate from a deeper region to shallow region in a ripple tank.

Rajah 12.3 menunjukkan corak gelombang air yang terhasil apabila gelombang
air dengan laju 6 cm s-1 merambat dari kawasan dalam ke kawasan cetek di

dalam sebuah tangki riak.

Diagram 12.3
Rajah 12.3

Based on Diagram 12.3, calculate:
Berdasarkan Rajah 12.3, hitung:

(i) The frequency of water waves at the deeper region.
Frekuensi gelombang air pada kawasan air dalam.

(ii) The speed of the water waves at the shallow region.
Laju gelombang air pada kawasan cetek.

[5 mark / markah]

Bab 6: GELOMBANG Chapter 6: WAVE

Skema Jawapan Bab 6

No. Skema Jawapan Skor
1 (a) Electromagnetic waves consist of a combination of oscillating electrical 1
and magnetic fields perpendicular to each other.
(b) 1
They are transverse wave/ they can travel through vacuum/ their speed is
(c)(i) 3.0 x 108 ms-1 1
(ii) 1
Microwave
Microwave has short wavelength and high frequency/ It can be reflected/ 4
It can penetrate haze/ It can penetrate rain or snow/ It can penetrate 1
clouds
1
2 (a) Transverse wave
(b)

0 amplitude 1

(c) V = ƒλ 1
24 = ƒ(6) 1
ƒ = 4 Hz 5
1
3 (a) (i) Wavelength/speed of the wave decreases
Wave take on the shape of the Perspex plate /coastline of the 1
beach/change in direction from deep to shallow 1
1
(ii) Refraction of waves
(b) (iD) ecrease/become smaller 1
1
(iOi) n approaching the beach, the water will be become shallower the speed and 6
wavelengths of the waves decreases/The wavefronts are refracted and 1
become closer to each other. 1
1
(c) Smaller wavelength on Perspex plate 1
Focus on F 1

4 (a) The light with one wavelength/one colour 1

(b) (i) Alternative bright and dark fringes.

(ii) Interference

(c) (i) Distance between the fringes decreases

(ii) Distance between the fringes decreases

(d)

λ= 0.5 x 10-3 x 12 x 10-3 m
3

3

= 6.67 x 10-7 m

1

Bab 6: GELOMBANG Chapter 6: WAVE

5 (a) Sources that have the same frequency and in phase. 7
(b)(i)The wavelength of water in Diagram (a) is shorter 1
(ii) The distance between two consecutive nodal lines, x in Diagram (a) is 1
shorter 1
(c)(i)The shorter the wavelength of water wave, the shorter the distance between
two consecutive nodal lines, x. 1
(ii) Interference
(d)(i) 1

1

A B

(ii) A: Bright 1
B: Dark/Dim 1
8
6 (a) X : microwave 1
Y : radio wave 1
1
(b)(i)Wavelength X < wavelength Y 1
(ii) Frequency X > frequency Y 2
(c)(i) Radiowave, microwave, infrared ray 1
(ii) The same 1
(iii) Transfer energy / transverse waves / travel in vacuum 8
1
7 (i) Frequency
(ii) Kekerapan 1
Velocity directly proportional to wavelength OR when velocity increase,
wavelength increase.
Halaju berkadar terus kepada gelombang ATAU apabila peningkatan
halaju, peningkatan gelombang.

Bab 6: GELOMBANG Chapter 6: WAVE

A B
A

Label A dan B 1+1
Lakar gelombang X 1
Lakar gelombang Y 1
Lakar gelombang W 1
Lakar gelombang Z 1
Size of the slit
Wavelength 1
1
8 (a)(i) reflection 10
(ii) refraction 1
(b)(i) 1.2 – 0.4 1
0.8 s 1
(ii) - 2T with 0.8 s // T with 0.4 s 1
2T = 1500 × 0.8 // T = 1500 × 0.4 1
600 m 1
(c)(i) - high 1
- can penetrate the earth and oil // less loss of energy 1
(ii) - high 1
- stronger signal will be received 1
(d) P 1
1
10 (a)(i) Distance between two consecutive points 12
(ii) inphase/crests/troughs//diagram 1
The wavelength of red is longer/vice versa
(b) The distance is equally spaced/uniform 1
The distance between the two consecutive fringes of red is longer than 1
green. 1
The fringes separation increases with the wavelength
Interference 1
At night ground cools quickly / ground has low specific heat capacity 1
/air layer near the ground colder/low temperature. 1
Cold air denser than warm air//diagram
Sound faster in warm air//sound slower in cold air 1
Sound bends towards observer/ground//refraction occurs. 1
1

Bab 6: GELOMBANG Chapter 6: WAVE

Modification/suggestion Explanation 1+1
Parabolic/concave Heat converged//heat collected at focus
Shining/smooth 1+1
Larger diameter Reflection effective//good reflector 1+1
At focal point More heat collected//more heat trap 1+1
Facing the sun 1+1
Heat converge to kettle 20
Collect more energy// reflect more energy
1
12 (a)(i) Refration 1
(ii) Wave move from deeper to shallow area 1
The wavelength decreases 1
(b) The speed decreases 1
The direction of wave bends towards normal
1+1
Characteristics Reason 1+1
Bay Wave is calmer
Concrete retaining Stronger//long lasting 1+1
wall 1+1
High wall Prevent high wave
Smaller Diffraction obvious// low wave energy 1+1
opening/aperture/slit
of retaining wall At bay, concrete retaining wall, high wall and
P smaller slit

(c)(i) f = 6/0.8 1
(ii) = 7.5 Hz 1
v = 0.5(7.5) 1
= 3.75 cm 1
20

Bab 7: Elektrik Chapter 7: Electricity

BAHAGIAN A

1. Diagram 1 shows an electric circuit which is used to investigate the relationship between electric
current and potential difference across a conductor XY.
Rajah 1 menunjukkan susunan litar elektrik untuk menyiasat hubungan di antara beza keupayaan
dan arus elektrik bagi suatu konduktor.

Diagram 1 / Rajah 1
(a) What is the function of the voltmeter?

Apakah fungsi voltmeter?

(b) Underline the correct answer in the bracket to complete the sentence below.
Garis jawapan yang betul dalam kurungan untuk melengkapkan ayat di bawah
When the electric current increases,
Apabila arus elektrik bertambah,

(i) the potential difference (increase, decrease, remains unchanged)
beza keupayaan ( bertambah, berkurang, tidak berubah)

(ii) the resistance will (increase, decrease, remains unchanged)
Rintangan akan ( bertambah, berkurang, malar)

(c) State one physical quantity which is kept constant in the experiment.
Nyatakan satu kuantiti fizikal yang dimalarkan dalam eksperimen ini.

Bab 7: Elektrik Chapter 7: Electricity

2. Diagram2 .1 shows two constantanw ires P and Q of the same length but of different cross-
sectional area being used to carry out an expenment.
Rajah 2.1 menunjukkan dua dawai konstantan P dan Q dengan panjang yang sama tetapi luas
keratan rentas berbeza cligunakan dalam menjalankan satu eksperimen.

Diagram2.1 / Rajah2 .1

Initially the experiment is carried out with P placed across X Y. After that p is replace with Q
and the experiment is repeated. The V-I graph in Diagram2.2 shows the results obtained from the
experiment.
Pada asalnya, P disambungkan merentasi x y. Kemudian, eksperiment diulang dengan
menggunakan Q . Graf V-l dalam Rajah2 2 menunjukkan hasil yang diperoleh di dalam
eksperimen tersebut.

(a) Based on Diagram 2.1,c ompare the cross-sectional area of wires P and Q
Berdasarkan Rajah2 .1, bandingkan luas keratin rentas dawaiP dan Q.

(b) Based on Diagram2 .2:/ Berdasarkan Rajah2 .2.

(i) stated how the resistance of the constantan wires can be obtained.
Nyatakan bgaimana rintangan dawai konstantan dapat ditentukan

(ii) Determine the resistance of conductor Q. Show on your graph
Tentukan rintangan bagi konduktor Q.Tunjukkan pada graf anda.

Bab 7: Elektrik Chapter 7: Electricity

3. Diagram 3.1 shows photograph of an electric circuit. The circuit contains four identical bulbs
connected to four identical new dry cells
Rajah 3. 1 menunjukkan forograf bagi satu litar elektrik. Litar itu mengandungi empat mentol
serupa disambung kepada empat sel kering baru yang serupa.

Diagram 3.1
Rajah 3.1

(a) What is the type of the circuit ?
Apakah jenis litar elektrik tersebut?

.........................................................................................................................

[1 marks]
[ 1 markah]

(b) Draw an electric circuit diagram for the above arrangement of apparatus using
appropriate symbols.
Lukiskan satu rajah litar elektrik bagi susunan radas diatas dengan menggunakan
simbol-simbol yang sesuai.

[2 marks]
[2 markah]

Bab 7: Elektrik Chapter 7: Electricity

(c) Compare the brightness of the lamps J , K ,L and M.
Tick (√) one box below.
Bandingkan kecerahan mentol J , K , L dan M.
Tandakan satu (√) pada kotak yang berkenaan.

The brightness of lamp J >lamp K > lamp L > lamp M
Kecerahan mentol J>mentol K > mentol L > mentol M

The brightness of lamp L >lamp K > lamp J > lamp M
Kecerahan mentol L >mentol K > mentol J > mentol M

The brightness of lamp J = lamp K = lamp L = lamp M
Kecerahan mentol J =mentol K = mentol L = lamp M

[1 marks]
[ 1 markah]

(d) Give one reason for your answer in (c).
Beri sebab bagi jawapan anda dalam (c).

........................................................................................................................

[1 mark]
[ 1 markah]

(e) Explain why the circuit above is used in the house lighting circuit.
Terangkan mengapa litar di atas digunakan dalam system pendawaian di rumah.

..............................................................................................................................
[1 mark]

[ 1 markah]

4. Diagram 4.1 shows a circuit used to investigate the relationship between current and potential
difference across a constantan wire s.w.g. 24 with length of 10 cm.
Rajah 4.1 menunjukkan sebuah litar yang digunakan untuk menyiasat hubungan antara arus dan
beza keupayaan yang merentasi dawai konstantan s.w.g. 24 dengan panjang 10 cm.

Diagram 4.1 / Rajah 4.1

Bab 7: Elektrik Chapter 7: Electricity

(a) Name the measuring instruments labeled X and Y in Diagram 4.1.
Namakan alat pengukur yang berlabel X dan Y dalam Rajah 4.1.

X :………………………………
Y :………………………………

[2 marks]

(b) (i) What is the relationship between the reading of the measuring instruments X and Y?
Apakah hubungan antara bacaan pada alat pengukur X dan Y ?

…………………………………………………………………………..

[1 mark]

(ii) State the physics’ law involved in 4b(i).
Nyatakan hukum fizik yang terlibat dalam 4b(i).

…………………………………………………………………………..

[1 mark]

(c) The experiment is repeated by using a constantan wire s.w.g 36 with the same length. Diagram 4.2
shows the graph V against I for the experiment.
Eksperimen diulangi dengan menggunakan dawai konstantan s.w.g 36 dengan panjang yang
sama. Rajah 4.2 menunjukkan graf V melawan I untuk eksperimen tersebut.

Diagram 4.2 Rajah 4.2
Based on graph in Diagram 4.2 ; Berdasarkan graf pada Rajah 4.2 ;
(i) What is the physical quantity represented by the gradient of the graph?

Apakah kuantiti fizik yang diwakili oleh kecerunan graf ?
………………………………………………………………………………

[1 mark]

Bab 7: Elektrik Chapter 7: Electricity

(ii) Which of the constantan wire has the higher resistance?
Dawai konstantan yang manakah mempunyai rintangan yang lebih tinggi ?

…………………………………………………………………………….

[1 mark]

(iii) Explain your answer in 4c(ii) Jelaskan jawapan anda di 4c(ii)
………………………………………………………………………………

[1 mark]

5 Diagram 5.1 shows a circuit used to investigate the relationship between current and potential
difference across a constantan wire s.w.g. 24 with length of 10 cm.
Rajah 5.1 menunjukkan satu litar digunakan untuk menyiasat hubungan antara arus dan beza
keupayaan merentasi wayar konstantan s.w.g.24 sepanjang 10cm.

Diagram 5.1 / Rajah 5.1

(a) (i) Name the measuring instruments labelled X and Y
Namakan alat yang berlebel X dan Y

X :……………………………………………………………………………………

Y :……………………………………………………………………………………

(b) (i) What is the relationship between the readings of the measuring instruments, X and Y?
Apakah hubungan antara bacaan alat – alat X dan Y?

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(ii) State the law of physics involved in 5 (b)(i)
Nyatakan hukum fizik yang terlibat dalam 5 (b)(i)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Bab 7: Elektrik Chapter 7: Electricity

(c) The experiment is repeated by using a constantan wire s.w.g. 36 with the same length. Diagram 5.2
shows the graph V against I for the experiment.
Eksperimen diulang dengan menggunakan wayar konstantan s.w.g.36 yang sama panjang. Rajah
5.2 menunjukkan graf V lawan I bagi eksperimen tersebut.

Diagram 5.2 / Rajah 5.2

Based on the graph in diagram 5.2,
Berdasarkan graf dalam rajah 5.2,

(i) What is the physical quantity represented by the gradient of the graph?
Apakah kuantiti fizik yang diwakili oleh kecerunan graf?

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

(ii) Which of the constantan wire has a higher resistance?
Wayar konstantan manakah mempunyai rintangan paling tinggi?

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

(iii) Explain your answer in (c)(i).
Jelaskan jawapan anda dalam (c)(i)

.…………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

6 Diagram 6.1 shows a ping pong ball coated with metal paint oscillates between two
metal plates. The metal plates are connected to an Extra High Tension, EHT supply
which produce a strong electric field between plates when the switch is on .
Diagram 6.2 shows the ping pong ball oscillates between two metal plates when the
voltage is increased.
Rajah 6.1 menunjukkan sebiji bola ping pong yang disalut dengan cat logam berayun
antara dua plat logam. Plat logam itu disambung kepada sebuah bekalan Voltan
Lampau Tinggi , VLT, yang menghasilkan suatu medan elektrik yang kuat antara

Bab 7: Elektrik Chapter 7: Electricity

plat apabila suis dihidupkan.
Rajah 6.2 menunjukkan bola ping pong itu berayun antara dua plat logam apabila
voltan ditambahkan.

Diagram 6.1
Rajah 6.1

Rajah 6.1

Diagram 6.2 Rajah 6.2
(a) What is the meaning of electric field?

Apakah maksud medan elektrik?

……………………………………………………………………………………....................
[1 mark / 1 markah ]

(b) Observe Diagram 6.1 and Diagram 6.2.
Perhatikan Rajah 6.1 dan Rajah 6.2.

(i) Compare the EHT voltage.
Bandingkan voltan VLT.

................................................................................................................ ..............
[1 mark] [1 markah]

(ii) Compare the strength of electric field.
Bandingkan kekuatan medan elektrik.

..............................................................................................................................
[1 mark][1 markah]

Bab 7: Elektrik Chapter 7: Electricity

(iii) Compare the oscillation velocity of ping pong ball.
Bandingkan halaju ayunan bola ping pong.

..............................................................................................................................
[1 mark][1 markah]

(iv) State the relationship between the EHT voltage and the strength of electric field.
Nyatakan hubungan di antara voltan VLT dengan kekuatan medan elektrik.

..............................................................................................................................
[1 mark][1 markah]

(v) Relate the strength of electric field with oscillation velocity.
Hubungkaitkan kekuatan medan elektrik dengan halaju ayunan.

..............................................................................................................................
[1 mark][1 markah]

(c) What will happen to the velocity of the ping pong ball if the distance between two
metal plate is increases. Give one reason for your answer.
Apakah yang berlaku kepada halaju bola ping pong jika jarak di antara dua plat
bertambah. Nyatakan satu sebab bagi jawapan anda.

................................................................................................................ .......................

.......................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................ .......................
[2 marks][2 markah ]

7 Diagram 7.1 shows a circuit consist of two 1.5 V batteries and two identical resistors, R . The
ammeter reading is 1.5 A.
Rajah 7.1 menunjukkan satu litar yang terdiri daripada dua bateri 1.5V dan dua perintang.
Bacaan ammeter ialah 1.5A.

A

PQ

Diagram 7.1 / Rajah 7.1

Bab 7: Elektrik Chapter 7: Electricity

(a) Complete the sentence below by ticking ( √ ) the correct box.
Lengkapkan ayat di bawah dengan menandakan (√ ) dalam kotak yang betul.

The resistor in Diagram 7.1 is connected in
Perintang dalam Rajah 7.1 disambung secara

series circuit/ litar sesiri.

parallel circuit / litar selari.

[1 mark]

(b) What will happen to the ammeter reading when a copper wire is connected between P and Q.
Give the reason.
Apakah yang akan berlaku pada bacaan ammeter apabila dawai kuprum disambungkan pada
P dan Q. Berikan sebabnya.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………
[2 marks]

(c) Diagram 7.2 shows a circuit consist of a bulb rated 3V, 6W with potential difference, 3V.
When the switch is on, current 2A will flow and the bulb will light up in normal brightness.

Rajah 7.2 menunjukkan satu litar yang terdiri daripada sebiji mentol berkadar 3V, 6W dengan
beza keupayaan 3V. Apabila suis dihidupkan, arus 2A akan mengalir dan mentol akan
menyala dengan kecerahan normal.

3V

A Bulb 3V, 6W Switch
Mentol Suis

Diagram 7.2
Rajah 7.2

Bab 7: Elektrik Chapter 7: Electricity

Diagram 7.3 shows a circuit consist of two bulbs rated 3V, 6W each with the potential
difference, 3V.
Rajah 7.3 menunjukkan litar yang terdiri daripada dua mentol yang setiapnya berkadaran
3V, 6W dengan beza keupayaan 3V.

3V

A Switch
Suis
Bulb 3V, 6W
Mentol Bulb 3V, 6W
Mentol

Diagram 7.3
Rajah 7.3

(i) Based on the Diagram 7.2, calculate the resistance of the bulb.
Berdasarkan Rajah 7.3, hitungkan rintangan mentol.

[1 mark]

(ii) Based on the Diagram 7.3, calculate the current flow.
Berdasarkan Rajah 7.3, hitungkan arus yang mengalir.

[3 marks]

(iii) Based on Diagram 7.2 and Diagram 7.3, compare the brightness of the bulbs.
Berdasarkan Rajah 7.2 dan Rajah 7.3 bandingkan kecerahan mentol-mentol itu.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………

[1 marks]

Bab 7: Elektrik 13 Chapter 7: Electricity

(iv) You are given two identical batteries, 1.5 V each and two identical bulbs rated 3V 6 W each.
Based on your knowledge in 7(c)(ii) and 7(c)(iii), draw a complete electrical circuit diagram
where both the bulbs will light up with normal brightness.
Anda dibekalkan dua bateri serupa yang setiap satunya 1.5V dan dua mentol serupa yang
setiap satunya berkadar 3V 6W. Berdasarkan pengetahuan anda di 7(c)(ii) dan 7(c)(iii), lukis
satu litar elektrik yang lengkap yang mana kedua-dua mentol akan menyala dengan kecerahan
yang normal.

[2 marks]

8. Diagram 8 shows an electrical circuit. The power rating of bulb Z is 6V, 6W while bulbs X and bulb
Y are identical with power rating of 2.4V, 3W.
Rajah 8 menunjukkan satu litar elektrik. Kadaran kuasa mentol Z adalah 6V, 6W manakala mentol X
dan mentol Y adalah dua mentol yang serupa dengan kadaran kuasa 2.4V, 3W.

Diagram 8 / Rajah 8
(a) What is the meaning of power rating of 6V, 6 W?

Apakah maksud kadaran kuasa 6V, 6 W? [1 markah]

………………………………………………………………………………………………….

(b) When the circuit is off the voltmeter reads 6.0 volt and when the switch is on the voltmeter
shows a reading of 4.8 volt.

Bila litar itu dimatikan, voltmeter menunjukkan 6.0 Volt dan bila suis dihidupkan voltmeter
menunjukkan bacaan 4.8 Volt.

(i) How does bulb Z light up when the switch is on?

Bagaimanakah nyalaan mentol Z apabila suis dihidupkan?

Bab 7: Elektrik Chapter 7: Electricity

……………………………………………………………………………………….

(ii) Explain your answer in (b)(i)
Terangkan jawapan anda dalam (b)(i)

………………………………………………………………………………………….

(c) The three bulbs in Diagram 8 are light up for 5 minutes.
Ketiga –tiga mentol dalamRajah 8 dibiarkan menyala selama 5 minit.

Calculate the heat energy dissipated in bulb Y
Hitung tenaga haba yang dilesapkan dalam mentol Y

(d) Base on apparatus on Diagram 8, you are assigned to set up an electrical circuit that will enable
four bulbs to light up with normal brightness .Table 8 shows the specificat ion of the bulbs and
type of an electrical circuit arrangement.

Dengan menggunakan empat mentol , anda dikehendaki untuk memasang satu litar elektrik yang
membolehkan keempat-empat mentol yang digunakan menyala dengan kecerahan normal.Jadual
8 menunjukkan sdesifikasi mentol yang digunakan dan jenis susunan mentol-mentol itu.

Bulbs’s Specification Arrangement of the bulbs

2 bulbs 6V,6W and 2 bulbs 2.4V,3W Series and parallel
1 bulb 6V,6W and 3 bulbs 2.4V,3W Parallel
4 bulbs of 6V,6W Series
4 bulbs of 2.4V,3W Series and parallel

Table 8 Jadual 8

Based on Table 8, state the suitable specification of the bulbs and type of Bulbs arrangement that

you will set up to enable all the bulbs to light up with normal brightness.
Berdasarkan maklumat dari Jadual 8, nyatakan ciri –ciri yang sesuai bagi spesifikasi mentol dan

jenis susunan litar elektrik yang anda akan susun untuk memastikan keempat-empat mentol itu

menyala dengan kecerahan normal.

(i) Bulbs` specification / Spesifikasi mentol
………………………………………………………………………………………..

Reason Sebab
………………………………………………………………………………………..

Bab 7: Elektrik Chapter 7: Electricity

(ii) Arrangement of the bulbs / Susunan mentol

………………………………………………………………………………………….

Reason Sebab
………………………………………………………………………………………….

(e) Based on the arrangement of the electrical circuit on Diagram 8, (i) State the name given to the
voltage of the circuit when the switch is off.
Berdasarkan susunan litar elektrik pada Rajah 8, nyatakan nama voltan yang merentasi clitar
itu apabila suis tidak dihidupkan?

(f) Give one reason why the reading o f the volt meter is less when the switch is on.
Nyatakan satu sebab mengapa bacaan voltmeter berkurang apabila suis dihidupkan.

8 Diagram 8 shows a filament bulb labelled 240 V 40 W.
Rajah 8 menunjukkan sebuah mentol Jllamen berlabel 240 V 40 W.

Diagram 8 / Rajah 8

(a) What is meant by 240 V 40 W?
Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan 240 V 40 W? [1 markah]

………………………………………………………….....
(b) The bulb is connected to 240 V power supply. Determine the current flow through the bulb.

Mentol disambungkan kepada bekalan kuasa 240 V. Tentukan arus yang mengalir melalui mentol.
[2 markah]

Bab 7: Elektrik Chapter 7: Electricity

(c) If only 20 % of the electrical energy is converted to light energy, calculate:
Jika hanya 20 % tenaga elektrik ditukarkan kepada tenaga cahaya, kirakan:

(i) the light energy produced in one second.
tenaga cahaya yang dihasilkan dalam satu saat. [2 markah]

(ii) the heat dissipated in one second.
Haba yang dihilangkan dalam satu saat. [2 markah]

(d) Diagram 8.2(a) and Diagram 8.2(b), show two types of bulbs, filament bulb labelled 240 V 40 W
and fluorescent bulb labelled 240 V 8 W.
Rajah 8.2(a) dan Rajah 8.2(b), menunjukkan dua jenis mentol, mentol filamen berlabel 240 V 40
W dan mentol kalimantang berlabel 240 V 8 W.

Diagram 8.2(a) / Rajah Diagram 8.2(b) / Rajah

8.2(a) 8.2(b)

When 240 V is applied to each bulb, the bulbs will light up with the same brightness.
Apabila 240 V dibekalkan kepada setiap mentol, kedua-duanya akan menyala dengan kecerahan
yang sama.

(i) Compare the output power of the two bulbs. Give one reason for your answer.
Bandingkan kuasa output untuk kedua-dua mentol. Berikan satu sebab bagi jawapan anda. [2
markah]

(ii) State which bulb has a higher efficiency.
Nyatakan mentol manakah yang mempunyai kecekapan yang tinggi. [1 markah]

………………………………………………………………………….
(iii)State which bulb is an energy saver bulb. Give one reason.

Nyatakan mentol yang manakah mentol penjimat tenaga. Beri satu sebab. [2 markah]

………………………………………………………………………….

Bab 7: Elektrik Chapter 7: Electricity
BAHAGIAN B

10 Diagram 10.1 and Diagram 10.2 show electric circuits contains two identical bulbs which has resistance
R, are connected to a new dry cell 1.5 V. Current flows through the circuits to light up the bulbs.
Rajah 10.1 dan Rajah 10.2 menunjukkan litar-litar elektrik yang mengandungi dua mentol serupa
yang mempunyai rintangan R disambungkan ke sel kering baru 1.5 V. Arus mengalir melalui liter-litar itu
untuk menyalakan mentol-mentol tersebut.

Diagram 10.1 / Rajah 10.1 Diagram 10.2 / Rajah 10.2

(a) What is the meaning of current?
Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan arus? [1 markah]

(b) Using Diagram 10.1 and Diagram 10.2,
Compare the brightness of the bulbs light up, the effective resistance of the type of circuit
connections and the reading of ammeter of the both electric circuits.
Relate the brightness of the bulbs light up to the reading of the ammeter.
Deduce the relationship between the effective resistance and the magnitude of current flows.

Menggunakan Rajah 10.1 dan Rajah 10.2,
Bandingkan kecerahan mentol-mentol itu menyala, rintangan berkesan bagi jenis sambungan-
sambungan litar dan bacaan ammeter bagi kedua-dua litar elektrik itu. Hubungkaitkan kecerahan
nyalaan mentol-mentol itu terhadap bacaan ammeter. Rumuskan hubungan di antara rintangan
berkesan dengan magnitud arus mengalir. [5 markah]

(c) (i) By using appropriate symbols, draw an electric circuit diagram for each type of the circuit
connections in Diagram 10.1 and Diagram 10.2. [2 marks]
Dengan menggunakan simbol-simbol yang munasabah, lukiskan satu rajah litar elektrik bagi
setiap jenis sambungan-sambungan litar dalam Rajah 10.1 dan Rajah 10.2. [2 markah]

(ii) Explain what will happen to the magnitude of current flows through the circuit in Diagram
10.2, when one another identical buib is connected parallel to the both bulbs.
Terangkan apa akan terjadi kepada magnitud arus yang mengalir melalui litar dalam Rajah
10.2, apabila satu mentol serupa lain disambungkan selari kepada kedua-dua mentol itu. [2
markah]