School year: 2021 - 2022
UNIT 1- LIFE STORIES
LANGUAGE FOCUS:
- Pronunciation: - Homophones
- Grammar: - Review: the past simple vs the past continuous
- Definite and indefinite articles
- Omission of articles.
PART A
A. PHONETICS
I. Choose the word that has the underlined part pronounced differently from that of the others.
1. A. poor B. sure C. tour D. pure
2. A. developed B. introduced C. influenced D. raised
3. A. diagnose B. diagnose C. talented D. anonymous
4. A. distinguished B. result C. generosity D. respectable
5. A. prosthetic B. reputation C. dedication D. respectable
II. Choose the word that has the main stress placed differently from that of the others.
1. A. impact B. inspire C. decide D. borrow
2. A. stimulate B. amputate C. determined D. talented
3. A. considerate B. priority C. influential D. experience
4. A. perseverance B. experience C. dedication D. influential
5. A. generosity B. hospitality C. encyclopedia D. creativity
III. Homophones
* Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the word or phrase which does not contain the same sound
as the other three.
1. A. aid B. aide C. add D. laid
B. all C. isle D. I’ll
2. A. aisle B. their C. there
3. A. they’re D. the
4. A. bus B. by C. bye D. buy
5. A. carrot B. carat C. carries D. caret
* Choose the correct word
1. Can I go to the party to/ too/ two?
2. This is my favorite pare/ pair/ pear of jeans.
3. I sent/ scent/ cent a letter to my aunt in Vietnam.
4. The students got bored/ board during the lecture.
5. Mr. and Mrs. Smith like working in there/ they’re/ their garden.
B. VOCABULARY & GRAMMAR
IV. Match the words below with their definitions
M. V. Lomonosov Secondary and High school 1 English 12
1. achievement School year: 2021 - 2022
2. anonymous a. the hard work and effort that somebody puts into an activity or a purpose
3. ambition because they think it is important
b. having a lot of influence on somebody/ something
4. dedication c. the quality of continuing to try to achieve a particular aim despite
5. distinguished difficulties
6. generosity d. a thing that somebody has done successfully.
7. influential e. considered by society to be acceptable, good or correct
8. perseverance f. something that you want to do or achieve very much
g. ( of a person) with a name that is not known or that is not made public
9. reputation h. the opinion that people have about what somebody/ something is like,
10. respectable based on what has happened in the past
i. the fact of being generous
j. very successful and admired by other people
Answers:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
* Complete the sentences with the correct words from exercise IV above.
1. I’d like to make friends with hard- working, _________________________ people.
2. It may be take some__________________________ to find the right people.
3. The hospital has now bought a new body scanner, thanks to the _________________________ of
local fund- raisers.
4. It takes __________________________ to be successful in a sport.
5. According to one employee, who wishes to remain _________________________, the company
engaged in illegal activities.
6. He has the_________________________ of being a hard worker.
7. We need to convince certain _________________________ individuals within the community.
8. He has had a long and _________________________ career in medicine.
9. He was a young man with the _________________________ succeed in his chosen career.
10. Are you proud of your son’s _________________________?
V. What goes with each verb? Cross out the wrong answer.
1. to achieve success/ results/ food.
2. to dedicate yourself/ charity work/ your life to something.
3. to devote your laziness/ time/ energy to something.
4. to overcome a problem/ a patient/ your shyness.
5. to be obsessed by month/ money/ power.
6. to perserve with your treatment/ studies/ pain.
7. to inspire hope/ furniture/ confidence.
8. to respect scandal/ property/ privacy.
9. to be recognized as a top footballer/ a fork/ a great poet.
10. to initiate an enquiry/ a programme/ an engine.
* Use the verbs in Exercise V to complete the sentences. You may have to change their forms.
1. Doctors have __________________ a series of tests to determine the causes of the problem.
2. She said she wanted to leave, and her father__________________ her wishes.
M. V. Lomonosov Secondary and High school 2 English 12
School year: 2021 - 2022
3. He __________________ with his task until he had succeeded in collecting an armful of firewood.
4. He ____________________ his fear of heights and climbed the ladder.
5. He ____________________ most of his time to his project last month.
6. Lawrence’s novel was eventually __________________ as a work of genius.
7. Gandhi’s quiet dignity __________________ great respect.
8. She was__________________with her weight when she was a little overweight last year.
9. She plans to __________________ part of her vacation to reading.
10. They __________________ high scores on their math tests.
VI. Put the verbs in brackets in the PAST SIMPLE or the PAST CONTINUOUS.
1. I (wait) ___________________________ for a taxi when I saw my friend.
2. It (rain) _________________________ when I left the house.
3. Last night, I (lie) ____________________in bed when I (hear)_____________ a strange noise.
4. When we (arrive) _______________home from Nha Trang, we (still wear) _________________
T- shirts and shorts.
5. I (look)_________________ at some old photos when I (find)_________________________one of
my dad’s photos when he was seventeen. He (have) _____________________ really long hair.
6. Dr. Jane Luu (use) _________________________the huge telescope at the university of Hawaii
while she (search)_________________________for any bodies beyond Neptune.
7. I first met her four years ago when we (study) ________________________ at a middle school.
8. While Steve Jobs (study) _________________________ at high school, he (meet)
_________________________Steve Wozniak, who also loved electronics.
VII. Complete the sentences with a, an, the or zero articles (Ø)
1. I live in ______ beautiful country. _______ capital is very old.
2. My father is ______ teacher in _____ very bigh school. _______ students in his class work very
hard.
3. My family live in ______ small house. There is no dinning room so we have _____ dinner in ______
kitchen.
4. There’s ______ art gallery, _______ theater and there are two cinemas in my town. _____ theater
and _______ art gallery are very modern, but _______ cinemas are old.
5. She saw ______ skirt and ______blouse in ______ shop in ______ town center. _______ skirt was
cheap but _____ blouse was very expensive.
6. I went to see ________ film last night.______ acting was very good.
7. I go to school by _______ bus. ________ bus is often late.
8. I’m going to have ______ party next Saturday. It’s going to be _______ best party ever!
VIII. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of
the following questions.
1. Last month, while Tom was traveling around England by the car, he crashed the car into a tree.
A B CD
2. She was walking to the library to borrow some books when she was seeing a robbery.
AB C D
3. About the third of the earth’s land surface is covered by relatively flat plains.
AB C D
4. Please turn off television. I also like watching TV but now I am having to study for the exam.
A BC D
M. V. Lomonosov Secondary and High school 3 English 12
School year: 2021 - 2022
5. The researchers of Harvard University reported that the tigers are one of the most dangerous
A BC
species in the jungle.
D
6. The police were trying to put end to the motorbike race among teenagers.
AB CD
7. He was reading out the data while Sara wrote it down carefully.
A BC D
8. Candles which are made from a beeswax burn with a very clean flame.
A B CD
9. Many people used to think learning English is full of the difficulties.
A BC D
10. The biggest problem with eating too much sugar is that it can cause the diabetes.
A BC D
C. READING
IX. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct word or
phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks.
Nowadays, everybody knows Apples and (1) __________ everybody knows that the company
was founded by Steve Jobs, an American inventor and entrepreneur. He is widely recognized as a
pioneer in the field of microcomputer revolution. He helped design the first Macintosh computer, (2)
___________ a small computer graphics company into Pixar, the company behind Toy Story and The
Monster Inc. His countercultural lifestyle and philosophy was a product of the time and place of his
(3) ___________. Jobs was adopted and raised in San Francisco Bay Area during the 1960s. In 1972,
Jobs attended Reed College from which he dropped out in next to no time. Jobs co-founded Apple in
1976 in order to sell Apple I personal computer. At that moment, he might (4) __________
imagine that only a year later the company tasted impressive victory with Apple II, one of the first
highly successful (5) ________ personal computers. Unfortunately, in 1985, following a long power
struggle, Jobs was forced out of Apple. After leaving Apple, Jobs took a few of its members with him
to found NeXT, a computer development company which was then bought by Apple. The purchase
allowed Jobs to become the company’s CEO once again.
Steve Jobs died in 2011 after battling with pancreatic cancer for nearly a decade. Millions first learned
of Jobs death on a device which had been invented by himself.
1. A. most B. almost C. the most D. mostly
2. A. translated B. transferred C. transformed D. transited
3. A. increase B. upbringing C. rising D. grow
4. A. hardly B. truly C. effortlessly D. frequently
5. A. massly-produced B. mass-produced
D. mass-producing
C. massive-produced
X. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to
each of the questions.
Theresa May, the second female Britain’s prime minister following Margaret Thatcher,
revealed in 2013 that she had been given a diagnosis of Type 1 diabetes, a condition that requires daily
insulin injections. Asked later how she felt about the diagnosis, she said her approach to it was the
same as toward everything in her life: “Just get on and deal with it.” That kind of steeliness brought
M. V. Lomonosov Secondary and High school 4 English 12
School year: 2021 - 2022
her to center stage in the aftermath of Britain’s vote to leave the European Union and the feuding that
erupted in the Conservative Party over who would succeed David Cameron.
Ms. May, 59 years old, is the country’s longest-serving home secretary in half a century,
with a reputation for seriousness, hard work and above all, determination. She is one of a growing
number of women in traditionally male-dominated British politics rising to the upper position of
leadership.
Born in 1956, Ms. May grew up mainly in Oxfordshire, an only child who was first drawn
to the Conservative Party at age 12. As a conscientious student, she never rebelled against her religion
upbringing and remains a regular churchgoer. Tellingly, her sports hero was Geoffrey Boycott, a solid,
stubborn cricketer who specialized in playing the long game.
Like many other Britain’s prime minister including Tony Blair, Sir Robert Peel and
Margaret Thatcher, she won a place at Oxford. But while almost every other political leader got there
by way of Eton College and joined Oxford’s hedonistic Bullingdon Club, she attended a state
secondary school and had a more sedate university career. After unsuccessful attempts to be elected to
the House of Commons in 1992 and 1994, she finally became an MP in 1997 general election.
May is known for a love of fashion and in particular distinctive shoes. She even wore
leopard-print shoes to her final Cabinet meeting as Home Secretary in early 2016. However, she has
been quite critical of the media focusing on her fashion instead of her achievement as a politician. May
also describes cooking and walking as primary hobbies, and if someone is raising questions about why
walking can be classified as a hobby, she elaborates in a column for Balance magazine, in which she
wrote of her battle with diabetes.
1. According to the passage, who is the prime minister coming before Theresa May?
A. Tony Blair B. Margaret Thatcher
C. Sir Robert Peel D. David Cameron
2. The word approach in paragraph 1 is closet in meaning to _________.
A. means B. advance C. technique D. trick
3. The most prominent characteristic of Theresa May is _________.
A. stubbornness B. seriousness C. determination D. hardwork
4. Which of the following statement is NOT true?
A. British political life is conventionally controlled mainly by men.
B. The number of women in politics is increasing.
C. Conservative Party didn’t have to discuss about who would be the next prime minister.
D. Theresa May’s toughness was one of the reasons for the Party to choose her for the prime minister
position.
5. Which if the following fact is TRUE about Theresa May?
A. She graduated from Eton College. B. As a child, she was quite rebellious.
C. She didn’t work part time as a university student. D. She used not to be a home secretary.
6. She first became a member of parliament in _________.
A. 1992 B. 1994 C. 1997 D. 2013
7. Her reason to consider walking as one of her main hobbies is _________.
A. she is quite critical B. it helps her fight diabetes
C. someone asks about it D. it is written on Balance magazine
8. The word hedonistic in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to _________.
A. ordinary B. luxurious C. economical D. simple
M. V. Lomonosov Secondary and High school 5 English 12
School year: 2021 - 2022
D. WRITING
XI. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the sentence that is closet in meaning to each of the
following questions.
1. Connor is said to be very ambitious and aggressive.
A. People regard Connor as an ambitious and aggressive person.
B. People talk Connor as an ambitious and aggressive person.
C. People believe in Connor as an ambitious and aggressive person.
D. People feel Connor as an ambitious and aggressive person.
2. It is pointless to ask me about it because I know nothing.
A. It’s no use asking me about it because I know nothing.
B. It’s no use to ask me about it because I know nothing.
C. It’s not use asking me about it because I know nothing.
D. It’s not use to ask me about it because I know nothing.
3. I have accustomed myself to getting up very early.
A. I have used to getting up very early.
B. I have been used to getting up very early.
C. I have put getting up very early to good use.
D. I have made use of getting up very early.
4. I think we should change the topic of our presentation.
A. It’s high time that we change the topic of our presentation.
B. I’d rather our presentation change the topic.
C. It’s high time that we changed the topic of our presentation.
D. I suggest we to change the topic of our presentation.
5. When I was young, I wasn’t allowed to watch much TV.
A. When I was young, my parents did not make me watch much TV.
B. When I was young, my parents did not let me watch much TV.
C. When I was young, my parents did not ask me to watch much TV.
D. When I was young, my parents did not take me to watch much TV.
Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of sentences in
the following questions.
6. A car hit the fence of my garden. I was cleaning the swimming pool.
A. While a car hit the fence, I was cleaning the swimming pool.
B. A car hit the fence and I was cleaning the swimming pool.
C. I was cleaning the swimming pool when a car hit the fence.
D. I was cleaning the swimming pool then a car hit the fence.
7. My daughter asks for money every day. I am really annoyed by it.
A. I am really annoyed by my daughter asks for money every day.
B. My daughter is asking for money every day.
C. I am really annoyed by it, my daughter asks for money every day.
D. My daughter is always asking for money every day.
8. She looked up. She saw a big tiger approaching.
A. Looking up, a big tiger approached her.
B. Looked up, she saw a big tiger approaching.
C. Looking up, she saw a big tiger approaching.
D. Look up, she saw a big tiger approaching.
M. V. Lomonosov Secondary and High school 6 English 12
School year: 2021 - 2022
9. I have presented about Oprah Winfrey. I hope the story will inspire you all.
A. I have presented about Oprah Winfrey to hope the story will inspire you all.
B. I have presented about Oprah Winfrey, hoping the story will inspire you all.
C. I have presented about Oprah Winfrey hope for the story will inspire you all.
D. I have presented about Oprah Winfrey hoped the story will inspire you all.
10. Harry’s life is rather dull. That’s the reason why I don’t want to talk about him.
A. The reason why I don’t want to talk about Harry is that his life is quite dull.
B. Harry’s life is rather dull because I don’t want to talk about it.
C. What I don’t like to talk about is Harry’s dull life.
D. Reasonably, I don’t want to talk about Harry’s rather dull life.
PART B- VOCABULARY& GRAMMAR
I. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of following questions.
1. We ________ to the hospital to visit Mike when he ________ to say that he was fine.
A. were driving – was calling B. drove – called
C. were driving – called D. drove – was calling
2. What _______ to you on Sunday night?
A. happen B. happened C. was happening D. would happen
3. Last night, we ________ for you but you never ________ up.
A. waited - showed B. would wait – showed
C. were waiting – were showing D. waited – was showing
4. We ________ our quality time when the unexpected guess ________.
A. had – came B. were having – came
C. had been having – came D. have had – would have come
5. Since they ________ us they _______ to visit us last Sunday, we _______ forward to the day.
A. were telling – came – looked B. would tell – would visit – would look
C. told – would come – were looking D. tell – are coming – will look
6. I __________ out last night but at the last time I _________ that I had a quiz this morning.
A. was going to go – realized B. went – realized
C. had gone – would realize D. would go – have realized
7. She hasn’t paid as much attention to her children as she ________ since she _______ working.
A. does – starts B. did – started
C. was doing – was starting D. has done – would start
8. My brother ________ at the road when he _________ into a hole.
A. wasn’t looking – was falling B. didn’t look – has fallen
C. wasn’t looking – fell D. won’t look - fall
9. Magellan _________ the first European who ________ through the strait.
A. was – was sailing B. was being – was sailing
C. had been – sailed D. was – sailed
10. The first self-sufficient village in Britain _________ the Norman’s idea. They were some strange
invaders who __________ to change the country in a better way.
A. was – hoped B. is – have hoped
C. have been – were hoping D. was being – had hoped
M. V. Lomonosov Secondary and High school 7 English 12
School year: 2021 - 2022
11. Who is _______ girl over there with Jimmy?
A. the B. a C. an D. Ø
12. The boss needs an assistant with _________ good knowledge of foreign trade.
A. a B. the C. any D. Ø
13. We are having _______terrible weather which is quite strange. Usually ______ weather in UK is
not this bad.
A. the – the B. a – the C. Ø – the D. the – a
14. Could you please close ________ window? I don’t think it is necessary to open all the four.
A. a B. the C. some D. Ø
15. ________ Gordons is a very interesting family. They like to travel around ________ world.
A. A – the B. The – the C. A – a D. A - Ø
16. To absorb more oil from spring rolls, we can use materials like _________ newspaper to wrap
them after frying.
A. the B. any C. Ø D. a
17. After a hard-working day, I went to _______ bed and had _______ most beautiful dream ever.
A. the – the B. a – the C. a – a D. Ø – the
18. I have visited __________ Portugal but I have never been to ________ Netherlands.
A. the – the B. Ø – the C. a – the D. a –a
19. Every week, his mother goes to ________ university to visit him while my mother has never come
to visit me since I went to _________ university.
A. the – Ø B. the – the C. Ø - Ø D. a – the
20. He left on _______ 10 o’clock train yesterday to see his father who has taken to ________ hospital
last week when he broke ________ his right leg.
A. the – the – the B. the – a – a C. a – a – the D. the – Ø – Ø
21. ________ university will be built in ________ center of the town.
A. A / the B. An / the C. The / a D. An / a
22. _______ River Nile is _______ longest river of all
A. Ø / Ø B. A / the C. The / the D. Ø / a
23. _______ smog is ________ big problem in ________ big cities.
A. The / Ø / the B. Ø / a / Ø C. The / Ø / Ø D. A / the / the
24. _________ Women’s Day is on ________ eighth of March.
A. The / Ø B. Ø / the C. The / an D. Ø / an
25. Many people voluntarily offer care for _______ elderly and ________ disabled.
A. the / the B. an / a C. an / the D. Ø / Ø
II. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
1. Martin Luther King devoted his life to the __________ of voting right for black people.
A. effort B. realization C. achievement D. performance
2. His father used to be a __________ professor at the university. Many students worshipped him.
A. distinct B. distinctive C. distinguishing D. distinguished
3. Mark Zuckerberg’s enormous success has taken a lot of hard work and __________.
A. indifference B. dedication C. loyalty D. reputation.
4. I can’t believe she didn’t do anything for the company. I will ________ and be in charge.
A. take over B. take on C. take up D. take in
5. During the Medieval period, people were made public _________ of being witches.
A. complaint B. criminal C. trouble D. accusation
M. V. Lomonosov Secondary and High school 8 English 12
School year: 2021 - 2022
6. That disable boy’s victory the race set the __________ example to all students in the school.
A. finest B. first-class C. rarest D. most convenient
7. A __________ once said “It is a sweet and honorable thing to die for your country.”
A. patriotism B. patriotic C. patriot D. patrol
8. He is _________ -influenced by his father and grandfather. His behaviors and decisions are exactly
the same.
A. mightily B. strongly C. terribly D. weakly
9. IPhone11 is the latest ________ in the fields of smartphone design of Apple.
A. creator B. create C. creativity D. creation
10. Einstein ________ a great impact on modern physics.
A. feels B. does C. appreciates D. has
11. It is the underserved ________ that damaged his life and his family.
A. reputable B. repute C. reputation D. disrepute
12. At the age of 50, Robby William __________ his career after spending his twenty years playing
electric guitar.
A. moved B. changed C. adjusted D. stopped
13. She has a wonderful voice but unfortunately, she never gets the _________ to sing in public.
A. event B. occasion C. ability D. chance
14. Michael Hart was the _________ of Project Gutenberg, one of the longest-lasting online library
projects.
A. founder B. author C. architect D. father
15. She is not a very nice girl. She seems to enjoy the __________ of others.
A. unfortune B. misfortune C. disfortune D. infortune
16. We _________ the kittens carefully and sold them for a good profit.
A. brought up B. grew up C. rose D. aroused
17. The stores will inevitably end up ________ with each other to increase their market shares.
A. contesting B. contending C. competing D. completing
18. Bill Gates has made large donations to numerous ___________ organizations.
A. charitable B. charitably C. charity D. charities
19. Thanks to the help of the teacher, she is _________ encouraging progress in math.
A. doing B. making C. checking D. stopping
20. The _________ of the soil reduced the productivity of the farm.
A. fertility B. hardship C. poverty D. inadequacy
III. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined
word(s) in each of the following questions.
1. The speaker paused. He hesitated to answer the direct question raised by the audience.
A. decided B. continued C. determined D. wavered
2. Her courage not only inspired her followers but moved her rivals as well.
A. depressed B. motivated C. overlooked D. rejected
3. The government’s plans to cut taxes really stimulated the economy.
A. discouraged B. started C. weakened D. improved
4. Chauvet Jeans was a well-known nineteen century painter whose paintings are extraordinarily
sophisticated.
A. old-fashioned B. basic C. primitive D. complex
5. Some rock stars started off as rebels with strong and broad principles.
A. beliefs B. honor C. formulas D. law
M. V. Lomonosov Secondary and High school 9 English 12
School year: 2021 - 2022
6. I used to idolize David Beckham because of his dedication and talent.
A. hate B. impress C. worship D. detest
7. Linda is very outgoing, however, her brother is quite reserved.
A. open B. sociable C. easygoing D. shy
8. Ideally, I’d like to work at home but there is no way my boss agrees with that.
A. Generally B. Luckily C. Preferably D. Fortunately
9. Morgan Freeman began to land big roles and won critical and popular acclaim after years of small
parts and limited success.
A. arrive B. gain C. deliver D. cause
10. Recognizable smaller than most of the kids in his age group, Lionel Messi was diagnosed by
doctors as suffering from hormone deficiency that restricted his growth.
A. inadequacy B. sufficiency C. abundance D. strength
IV. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underline
word(s) in each of the following questions.
1. During the Great Depression, many people suddenly found themselves jobless after a night.
A. unemployed B. redundant C. unoccupied D. supplementary
2. I was relieved by the news that they had gone home safe and sound.
A. comforted B. concerned C. relaxed D. lightened
3. She comes from an admirable and respectable family.
A. good B. respected C. unworthy D. dignified
4. They are going to have to amputate his left leg which was badly injured in the accident.
A. remove B. separate C. cut off D. mend
5. Her identity will never be revealed in order to protect her children from being judged.
A. uncovered B. proclaimed C. leaked D. hid
6. There are several interesting things emerging from the report.
A. fading B. rising C. coming up D. developing
7. This boy is poorly-educated and doesn’t know how to behave properly.
A. uneducated B. knowledgeable C. ignorant D. rude
8. I prefer reading fictional stories to hearing about real events.
A. imaginary B. unreal C. existent D. legendary
9. It is not fair to give such a challenging task to an in experienced staff like her.
A. comprehensible B. difficult C. provocative D. intriguing
10. White blood cells help defend the body against infection.
A. fight B. cover C. protect D. abandon
- THE END -
M. V. Lomonosov Secondary and High school 10 English 12
PRACTICE TEST 1 School year: 2021 - 2022
MARK: …………
(Time allotted: 60 minutes)
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined part is
pronounced differently from that of the rest in each of the following questions.
Question 1: A. played B. helped C. formed D. loved
Question 2: A. example B. exhibit C. exactly D. excellent
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word that differs from the other
three in the position of the primary stress in each of the following questions.
Question 3: A. obedient B. mischievous C. biologist D. decision
Question 4: A. dedication B. application C. agriculture D. preservation
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the
following questions.
Question 5: Many young people object to_______marriage, which is decided by the parents of the
bride and the groom.
A. agree B. share C. contractual D. sacrificed
Question 6: The teacher asked a difficult question, but finally Ted ______ a good answer.
A. came up to B. came out of C. came up with D. came out at
Question 7: Tim looks so frightened and upset. He_______something terrible.
A. must experience B. must have experienced
C. should have experienced D. ought to have experienced
Question 8: The song has_______been selected for the 22nd Sea Games, Vietnam.
A. officially B. office C. official D. officer
Question 9: If she had known how awful this job was going to be, she________it.
A. would accept B. wouldn’t accept
C. would have accepted D. wouldn’t have accepted
Question 10: She is ______ I expected.
A. more prettier than B. much prettier than
C. more pretty than D. a lot prettier than
Question 11: We are having ________ terrible weather which is quite strange. Usually ___________
weather in UK is not this bad.
A. the – the B. a – the C. Ø – the D. the – a
Question 12: John would like to specialize ________ computer science
A. of B. to C. in D. at
Question 13:________he arrived at the bus stop when the bus came.
A. Hardly had B. No sooner had C. No longer has D. Not until had
Question 14: The clown was wearing a ________wig and a red nose
A. funny plastic red B. funny red plastic
B. C. red plastic funny D. red funny plastic
Question 15: She has always shown her great self- ________in not becoming angry.
A. controlled B. control C. controlling D. controller
C. don’t you D. will you
Question 16: “Never say that again, ________?”
A. won’t you B.do you
M. V. Lomonosov Secondary and High school 11 English 12
School year: 2021 - 2022
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning
to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
Question 17: Although it’s a long day for us, we feel we are contented with what we do.
A. interested B. dissatisfied C. excited D. shocked
Question 18: I can’t stand people who treat animals cruelly.
A. gently B. cleverly C. reasonably D. brutally
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to
the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
Question 19: I think we can safely say now that we have got our money back, we are home and dry.
A. have not got wet B. have got no water
C. have been successful D. have got home dry
Question 20: I’m becoming increasingly absent-minded. Last week, I locked myself out of my house
twice.
A. being considerate of things B. remembering to do right things
C. forgetful of one’s past D. often forgetting things
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the most suitable response to complete
each of the following exchanges.
Question 21: Two friends Diana and Anne are talking about their upcoming exams.
- Diana:” Our Mid-term exams will start next Tuesday. Are you ready?”
- Anne:” ______”
A. I’m half ready. B. God save you. C. Thank you so much D. Don’t mention it!
Question 22: John was in Hanoi and wanted to send a parcel to his parents. He asked a local passer-
by the way to the post-office.
- John: “Can you show me the way to the nearest post office, please?”
- Passer-by: “_______”
A. Not way, sorry. B. Just round the corner over there.
C. Look it up in a map! D. There’s no traffic near here.
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each
of the questions.
It is hard to think of a world without gas or electricity. Both are commonly used for lighting and
heating today. We now can instantly flick a lighter or strike a match to make a flame. But it was not
long ago that there were no such things as matches or lighters. To make fire, it was necessary to strike
a piece of iron on flint for sparks to ignite some tinder. If the tinder was damp, or the flint old, you had
to borrow some fire from a neighbor.
We do not know exactly when or how people first used fire. Perhaps, many ages ago, they found
that sticks would burn if they were dropped into some hole where melted lava from a volcano lay
boiling. They brought the lighted sticks back to make their fire in a cave. Or, they may have seen trees
catch fire through being struck by lightning, and used the trees to start their own fires.
Gradually people learned they could start a fire without traveling far to find flames. They rubbed
two pieces of wood together. This method was used for thousands of years.
When people became used to making fires with which to cook food and stay warm at night, they
found that certain resins or gums from trees burnt longer and brighter. They melted resins and dipped
branches in the liquid to make torches that lit their homes at night. Iron stands in which torches used
to be fixed can still be seen in old buildings of Europe.
M. V. Lomonosov Secondary and High school 12 English 12
School year: 2021 - 2022
There was no lighting in city streets until gas lamps, and then electric lamps were installed. Boys
ran about London at night carrying torches of burning material. They were called torch boys, or link
boys, and earned a living by guiding visitors to friends’ houses at night.
For centuries homes were lit by candles until oil was found. Even then, oil lamps were no more
effective than a cluster of candles. We read about the splendors and marvels of ancient palaces and
castles, but we forget that they must have been gloomy and murky places at night.
Question 23:What does “they” refer to?
A. people B. ages C. sticks D. trees
Question 24:According to the passage the first fire used by people was probably obtained _______.
A. from the sun’s heat through glass B. by rubbing wood together
C. from heat or fire caused by nature D. by striking iron against flint
Question 25:It is stated in the passage that torches for lighting were made from ________.
A. the wood of gum trees B. iron bars dipped in melted resins
C. wooden poles dipped in oil D. tree branches dipped in melted resins
Question 26:It is mentioned in the passage that before the electric lamp was invented________.
A. oil lamps and then candles were used
B. candles and oil lamps appeared about the same time
C. candles and then oil lamps were used
D. people did not use any form of lighting in their houses
Question 27:The word “splendors” in the passage could be best replaced by which of the following?
A. expensive objects B. places of scenic beauty
C. achievements D. the beautiful and impressive features
Question 28:According to the passage, which of the following sentence is NOT true?
A. We know exactly when and how people first used fire.
B. Before gas lamps and electric lamps appeared, streets were lit by torches.
C. We can make a fire by striking a piece of iron on flint to ignite some tinder.
D. Matches and lighters were invented not long ago.
Question 29:The word “gloomy” in the passage is closest in meaning to ________
A. nearly dark B. badly decorated
C. containing a lot of white D. mysterious
Question 30:What form of street lighting was used in London when link boys used to work there?
A. Gas lighting B. No lighting at all
C. Electric lighting D. Oil lighting
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that best combines each
pair of sentences in the following questions.
Question 31: Sue lives in a house. The house is opposite my house.
A. Sue lives in the house where is opposite my house.
B. Sue lives in the house which is opposite my house.
C. Sue lives in the house who is opposite my house.
D. Sue lives in the house and which is opposite my house.
Question 32: John is studying hard. He doesn't want to fail the next exam.
A. John is studying hard in order that he not fail the next exam.
B. John is studying hard in order not to fail the next exam.
C. John is studying hard in order to not to fail the next exam.
M. V. Lomonosov Secondary and High school 13 English 12
School year: 2021 - 2022
D. John is studying hard so as to fail the next exam.
Question 33: The play was interesting. It attracted many people.
A. The more interesting the play was, the many people it attracted.
B. The more interesting the play was, the much people it attracted.
C. The much interesting the play was, the more people it attracted.
D. The more interesting the play was, the more people it attracted.
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning
to each of the following questions.
Question 34:It is believed that the man escaped in a stolen car.
A.The man is believed to be escaped in a stolen car.
B.The man is believed to have been escaped in a stolen car.
C.The man was believed to escaped in a stolen car.
D.The man is believed to have escaped in a stolen car.
Question 35: “Would you like something to drink?” he asked.
A. He asked me would like something to drink.
B. He wanted to invite me for something to drink.
C. He asked me if I wanted something to drink.
D. He offered me something to drink.
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needs
correction in each of the following questions.
Question 36: It would have been better if you wouldn’t have argued with him last night.
AB C D
Question 37: A basic knowledge of social studies, such as history and geography, are considered a
A BC
basic part of education of every child.
D
Question 38: It is time the government helped the unemployment to find some jobs.
A BC D
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the
correct word and phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks.
Tyler Perry
Perry had a rough childhood. He was physically and sexually abused growing up, got kicked
out of high school, and tried to commit suicide (39) _____ once as a preteen and again at 22. At 23 he
moved to Atlanta and took (40) ____ odd jobs as he started working on his stage career.
In 1992 he wrote, produced, and starred in his first theater (41) ________ “I Know I’ve Been
Changed”, somewhat informed by his difficult upbringing. Perry put all his savings into the show and
it failed miserably; the run lasted just one weekend and only 30 people came to watch. He kept up with
the production, working more odd jobs and often slept in his car to get by. Six years later, Perry finally
broke through when, on its seventh run, the show became a (42) ________. He’s since gone on to have
an extremely successful career (43) ________ a director, writer, and actor. In fact, Perry was named
Forbes’ highest paid man in the field.
Question 39: A. twice B. two C. second D. double
Question 40: A. up B. off C. in D. to
Question 41: A. producer B. productivity C. production D. productive
M. V. Lomonosov Secondary and High school 14 English 12
Question 42: A .succeed B. success C. successful School year: 2021 - 2022
Question 43: A. same B. as C. like
D. successfully
D. as soon as
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each
of the questions.
One of the most interesting authors of the twentieth century, J.R.R Tolkien, achieved fame
through his highly inventive trilogy, “The Lord of the Rings”. Born in 1892, Tolkien received his
education from Oxford and then served in World War I. After the war, he became a professor of Anglo
-Saxon and English language and literature at Oxford University.
Although published in 1965, the three books that comprise The Lord of the Rings were written
in intervals from 1936 to 1949. This was mainly due to Tolkien's responsibilities as a professor and
the outbreak of World War II. By the late 1960s, this fascinating trilogy had become a sociological
phenomenon as young people intently studied the mythology and legends created by Tolkien.
The trilogy is remarkable not only for its highly developed account of historical fiction but also
its success as a modern heroic epic. The main plot describes the struggle between good and evil
kingdom as they try to acquire a magic ring that has the power to rule the world. The novels, which
are set in a time called Middle Earth, describe a detailed fantasy world. Established before humans
populated the Earth, Middle Earth was inhabited by good and evil creatures such as hobbits, elves,
monsters, wizards, and some humans. The characters and the setting of Middle Earth were modeled
after mythological stories from Greece and Northern Europe.
Although readers have scrutinized the texts for inner meaning and have tried to connect the
trilogy with Tolkien's real life experiences in England during World War II, he denied the connection.
He claims that the story began in his years as an undergraduate student and grew out of his desire to
create mythology and legends about elves and their language.
Tolkien was a masterful fantasy novelist who used his extensive knowledge of folklore to
create a body of work that is still read and enjoyed throughout the world today.
Question 44: What can we assume is NOT true about Middle Earth?
A. Middle Earth was based on European folktales.
B. Middle Earth was a fictional world.
C. The good and evil kingdom fought for the power.
D. People dominated Middle Earth.
Question 45: The word "scrutinized” in the fourth paragraph could be replaced by______.
A. examined B. denied C. enjoyed D. criticized
Question 46: What does this paragraph mainly discuss?
A. J.R.R Tolkien's work as a professor. B. All of J.R.R Tolkien's fantasy books.
C. J.R.R Tolkien and his trilogy. D. The popularity of J.R.R Tolkien.
Question 47: According to the passage, when did "The Lord of the Rings" trilogy become popular
with young people?
A. In the late 1960s B. After World War II
C. In 1892 D. Between 1936 and 1946
Question 48: When did Tolkien begin to create this trilogy?
A. When he was a student B. During World War I
C. When he was a professor D. During World War II
Question 49: What does the word "trilogy" in the first paragraph mean?
A. A specific type of fantasy novel. B. A long novel.
C. A group of three literary books. D. An unrelated group of books.
Question 50: What is the setting of Tolkien's trilogy?
A. Modem - day Greece. B. England in the 1800's.
C. Oxford University. D. Middle Earth.
- THE END -
M. V. Lomonosov Secondary and High school 15 English 12
School year: 2021 - 2022
CHUYÊN ĐỀ UNIT 1:
SUBJECT - VERB AGREEMENT
(Sự tương hợp giữa chủ từ và động từ)
1. Singular subject + Singular verb
Plural subject + Plural verb
Ex: Tom is very nice.
Milk is good for our health.
The students are studying English.
2. Noun + and+Noun + Plural verb (khi các danh từ đề cập đến nguời / vật khác nhau)
Noun + and + Noun + Singular verb (khi các danh từ đề cập đến cùng một người / vật)
Ex: The manager and the secretary have come.
Bread and eggs is my favourite dish.
3. Every / Each + Singular noun + and + Every / Each + Singular noun + Singular verb
Ex: Every teacher and every student has their own work.
4. Noun1 + with / along with / together with / in addition to / as well as / accompanied by + Noun2
+ Verb (Noun1)
Ex: The students, in addition to the teacher, are all devoted to the research.
5. Noun1 + or / nor + Noun2 + Verb (Noun2)
Either or
Neither + Noun1 + nor + Noun2 + Verb (noun2)
Not only but also
Ex: Not only Julie but also all of the grandchildren want to visit their grandparents.
Either you or I am right.
6. Each / Every / One + Singular Noun + Singular verb
Neither / Either Of + Plural Noun
Ex: Every seat has a number.
Neither of my sisters likes films.
7. Everyone / Everything / Someone / Something / Anyone / Anything / Nobody / Nothing / ... +
Singular verb
Ex: Nobody is here.
8. The number of + Plural noun + Singular verb
A number of + Plural noun + Plural verb
Ex: The number of students in my class is thirty.
A number of my students are keen on learning English.
9. All / Some / Plenty / None / Half + OF + Singular Noun + Singular Verb
Most / A lot / Percentage + Plural Noun + Plural Verb
Ex: One third of the population is unemployed.
One third of the villagers are unemployed.
10. There + BE + Noun
Ex: There are two sides to every problem.
There is a picture on the wall.
Singular verb (xem như một đơn vị)
11. Collective Noun + Plural verb (chỉ từng cá nhân tạo nên tập thể)
(family, team, staff,...)
Ex: Our company has debated these questions carefully.
The company lead very different lives in private.
12. People / Police / Cattle / Poultry / The + adjective + Plural verb
Ex: The police are searching to find the thieves.
The poor need help.
13. Một số danh từ có dạng số nhiều nhưng có nghĩa số ít: maths, physics, economics,
linguistics,... / measles, mumps, rickets,... / billards, darts,... / the Philippines, the United States,...
/ news + Singular verb
Ex: Mathematics is divided into branches.
M. V. Lomonosov Secondary and High school 16 English 12
School year: 2021 - 2022
Rickets is common in some developing countries.
14. Time (thời gian) / Money (tiền) / Distance (Khoảng cách) / Measurement (sự đo lường) /
Titles (tựa đề) + Singular verb
Ex: “To build a fire” was written by Jack London.
Ten dollars is a high price to pay.
Five years is the maximum sentence of that offence.
15. Động từ số ít (singular verb) thường được dùng sau số thập phân, phân số và cụm từ chỉ số
lượng và sự đo lường.
Ex: Three quarters of a ton is too much.
Nhưng động từ số nhiều (plural verb) được dùng khi nói về số lượng người hoặc vật.
Ex: A third of the students are from abroad.
PRACTICE
Choose a, b, c, or d that best completes the sentence.
1. Learning foreign languages ________ a lot of time.
A. require B. requires C. have required D. are requiring
2. Meeting you ________ a good chance.
A. is B. are C. were D. have been
3. Women ________ not well-treated in former days.
A. is B. are C. were D. was
4. Beautiful white teeth ________ to make our smile more attractive.
A. help B. helps C. is helping D. was helping
5. Children ________ good care from their parents.
A. need B. needs C. are needing D. is needing
6. Look! The cattle ________ on the meadow.
A. has grazed B. have grazed C. is grazing D. are grazing
7. Many people claim that health ________ more important than wealth.
A. are B. is C. have been D. has been
8. The fishing boat sank but luckily all the crew ________ able to save themselves.
A. have been B. is C. are D. were
9. Wealth ________ to the possession of a large amount of money, property, or other valuable things.
A. refer B. are referring C. is referring D. refers
10. The news from the destroyed villages ________ so bad.
A. was B. were C. are D. have been
11. Measles ________ a dangerous disease for pregnant women.
A. have B. are C. is D. were
12. Rickets ________ popular among some countries in Africa.
A. is B. are C. were D. have been
13. Of all high school courses, mathematics ________ to be difficult.
A. consider B. have considered C. are considered D. is considered
14. Economics ________ at high school.
A. is not taught B. are not taught C. do not teach D. does not teach
15. John’s information ________ us a lot.
A. help B. has helped C. have helped D. were helping
16. The furniture ________ so expensive that we had to save for three months to buy it.
A. are B. is C. was D. were
17. The bad news ________ her so shocked that she falls unconscious.
A. make B. has made C. have made D. are making
M. V. Lomonosov Secondary and High school 17 English 12
School year: 2021 - 2022
18. The Philippines ________ 7,107 islands in the western Pacific Ocean.
A. comprises B. comprise C. is comprising D. are comprising
19. The Netherlands ________ a parliamentary democratic constitutional monarchy, located in
Western Europe.
A. is B. are C. has been D. have been
20. There ________ a book, a pen, and three pencils on the table.
A. is B. are C. were D. has
21. There ________ three pencils, a pen, and a book on the table.
A. is B. are C. was D. have
22. Four times four divided by two ________ eight.
A. makes B. make C. have made D. are making
23. Two-fifths of the troops ________ in the battle last year.
A. have lost B. loses C. was lost D. were lost
24. Two-fifths of the vineyard ________ by fire last night.
A. destroys B. destroy C. was destroyed D. were destroyed
25. Forty percent of the students ________ in favor of changing the policy.
A. is B. are C. has been D. was
26. The number of students attending the lecture yesterday ________ one hundred and twenty-two.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
27. Four years ________ a required time for a student to complete his university education.
A. is B. are C. has been D. were
28. One thousand dollars ________ really a large sum of money for me.
A. is B. are C. were D. have been
29. The secretary and cashier of our club ________ Ms. Young.
A. is B. are C. were D. have been
30. Each student and each teacher ________ ready for the school activities.
A. are B. is C. have been D. were
31. Each and every student and instructor in this institute ________ for a new facility by next year.
A. hope B. hopes C. are hoping D. were hoped
32. Rice and chicken, my favorite dish, ________ by my mother.
A. has usually cooked B. have usually been cooked
C. are usually cooked D. is usually cooked
33. The members and the chairman ________ together recently.
A. meets B. are just meeting C. have just met D. has just met
34. My sisters and Susan ________ friends since they met together at the party.
A. have become B. has become C. is becoming D. comes
35. My friends and my mother ________ each other.
A. not likes B. does not like C. is not liking D. do not like
36. Your pair of trousers ________ in the closet.
A. is B. are C. were D. have been
37. I think the behaviors of that young man ________ not acceptable.
A. is B. are C. was D. has been
38. The way of life in small villages far from big cities ________ mostly quiet because there ________
few people.
A. is / is B. are / are C. is / are D. are / is
39. Either my father or my brothers ________ the house.
A. sells B. has sold C. are going to sell D. is selling
M. V. Lomonosov Secondary and High school 18 English 12
School year: 2021 - 2022
40. Neither the employees nor the boss ________ the solution.
A. find B. have found C. has found D. are finding
41. John or you ________ our grandfather next weekend.
A. visits B. is going to visit C. are going to visit D. visited
42. Not only the students but also their instructor ________ to the principal’s office.
A. is calling B. call C. have been called D. has been called
43. Michael, along with his brothers and support team, ________ many major cities around the world
every year.
A. visits B. visit C. is visiting D. are visiting
44. Kara, together with her teammates, ________ hands with opponents on the basketball court.
A. shake B. is shaking C. are shaking D. have shaken
45. Peter, as well as my two brothers, ________ football in the school yard every afternoon.
A. often plays B. often play C. plays often D. have often played
46. Most of the milk ________ bad except three bottles of milk which ________ still in the refrigerator.
A. have gone / are B. has gone / is C. have gone / is D. has gone / are
47. It ________ not the faculty members but the president who ________ this issue.
A. was / decide B. is / decides C. was / have decided D. is / decide
48. The department members, but not the chairman, ________ not to work on Valentine’s Day.
A. wants B. want C. is wanting D. are wanting
49. Anyone who wants to pursue higher education ________ to pass entrance exams.
A. has B. have C. is having D. are having
50. More than one student_______to do those mathematic puzzles which ________ by the teacher last
week.
A. has tried / was given B. have tried / were given
C. has tried / were given D. have tried / was given
- THE END -
M. V. Lomonosov Secondary and High school 19 English 12
School year: 2021 - 2022
M. V. Lomonosov Secondary and High school 20 English 12
School year: 2021 - 2022
UNIT 2 - URBANISATION
PART A
LANGUAGE FOCUS:
- Pronunciation: - Vowels: Dipthongs
- Grammar: - The subjunctive in that-clauses after certain verbs and expression
A. PHONETICS
I. Choose the word that has the underlined part pronounced differently from that of the others.
1. A. public B. industrial C. rural D. fluctuate
2. A. involves B. believes C. suggests D. steals
3. A. failed B. reached C. absorbed D. solved
4. A. provoking B. overload C. propose D. progressive
5. A. housing B. established C. centralize D. urbanization
II. Choose the word that has the main stress placed differently from that of the others.
1. A. verbal B. suppose C. even D. either
2. A. example B. consider C. several D. attention
3. A. situation B. appropriate C. informality D. entertainment
4. A. progressive B. congestion C. urbanised D. creation
5. A. populated B. industralise C. environment D. inhabitant
B. VOCABULARY & GRAMMAR
I. Fill in each blank in the sentences with the correct word from the box.
long-lasting thought-provoking long-term high-cost kind-hearted
down – market
densely- populated up- to –date well –behaved fat – free
1. They have three________________ children.
2. These ________________ cookies are delicious.
3. The ________________ effects of the medication are not known.
4. A ________________ stranger helped us find the train station.
5. This ________________ area has the highest crime rates in the country.
6. “This ________________ makeup will keep you looking lovely day and night, Susan”.
7. An example of a(n) ________________ item is a shirt made with low-grade cotton, allowing it to
be sold for a very low price.
8. It was a(n) ________________ novel, and it made readers think seriously about urban issues.
9. Often reporting from Times Square, David is viewed as a reliable and ________________ source
for the latest news out of New York City.
10. Recently, California’s ________________ business environment has caused a number of
companies to move out of the state.
II. Choose the best answer with the given words.
1. This is an entertaining yet thought-provoking/thoughtful film.
2. The juicy grapes left a short-term/long-lasting taste in my mouth.
3. Learning a language seems to be a nevertheless/never-ending process.
4. If your face or skin is weather-beaten/weather-protected, it is rough with deep lines because you
have spent a lot of time outside in bad weather.
M. V. Lomonosov Secondary and High school 21 English 12
School year: 2021 - 2022
5. While baseball and football are seasonal in Europe, bowling is a month-round/year-round sport.
III. Complete the sentences, using the correct form of the verbs in brackets. Some of the verbs
are passive.
1. Her advisor recommended that she (take) ________________ five courses.
2. He insisted that the new baby (name) _______________ after his grandfather.
3. Tommy (not receive) _______________Any more complaints up to now.
4. I requested that I (permit) ________________ to change my class.
5. The governor proposed that a new highway (build) ________________.
6. It is essential that pollution (control) ________________and eventually
(eliminate)_______________.
7. We (be) _______________ very tired after we (write) _______________ four compositions in the
same day.
8. We (call) _______________them three times but still no one has answered the phone.
9. It is vital that no one else (know) _______________ about the secret government operation.
10. We (complete) _______________the assignment before we (decide) _______________to go out
for the drink.
IV. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of following questions.
1. We request that she __________ the window.
A. not open B. not to open C. not opening D. to not open
2. Howard prefers that I __________ to his party.
A. am going B. go C. going D. will go
3. It is necessary that you ____________ able to come with us.
A. are B. be C. being D. to be
4. The recommendation that she __________ a holiday was carried out.
A. has taken B. take C. taken D. taking
5. I propose that we all __________ together so that nobody gets lost along the way.
A. be driving B. drive C. driven D. driving
6. I suggest that Peter __________ the directions carefully before assembling the bicycle.
A. read B. reading C. reads D. to read
7. Mary demanded that the heater __________ immediately. Her department was freezing.
A. repaired B. be repaired C. being repaired D. been repaired
8. The monk insisted that the tourists __________ the temple until they had removed their shoes.
A. not enter B. not entering C. not to enter D. to not enter
9. It was necessary that I __________ there watching you the entire time you were rehearsing for
the play.
A. am sitting B. be sitting C. being sitting D. sitting
10. The UK is considering the proposal that it ___________ compensations for damages of the Indian
embassy.
A. been paying B. is paying C. paid D. pay
V. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of
the following questions.
1. Urban develop can magnify the risk of environmental hazards such as flash flooding.
AB CD
M. V. Lomonosov Secondary and High school 22 English 12
School year: 2021 - 2022
2. Overpopulation and negative effects of it has been major concerns in cities all around the world.
A BC D
3. Because of urbanization continues, not only the infrastructure for health but also other
AB C
services in cities need improving.
D
4. Government should be used national resources in a more efficient way in order to meet the
A BC
needs of growing populations.
D
5. What problems could it cause and how citizens should prevent these challenges will be covered
AB C D
in my essay.
C. READING
I. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct word or
phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks.
Rapid urbanization can (1) __________ long-term economic, social and environmental
promise for developing countries (2) __________ investment made now in infrastructure, housing and
public services are efficient and sustainable, the World Bank say in a new report.
In the next two decades, cities are (3) __________ to expand by another two billion residents, as people
move in unprecedented (4) __________ from rural areas to pursue hopes and aspirations in cities.
More than 90 (5) __________ of this urban population growth is expected to occur in the developing
world, where many cities are already struggling to provide basic needs such as water, electricity,
transport, health services and education.
1. A. bring B. carry C. hold D. take
2. A. if B. unless C. whether D. while
3. A. predictable B. predicted C. predicting D. predictions
4. A. amounts B. numbers C. ranges D. sums
5. A. percent B. percentage C. proportion D. rate
II. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to
each of the questions.
Buying a house is the single largest financial investment an individual makes. Yet, in India
this act is fraught with risk and individuals depend on weak laws for justice. Occasionally, deviant
promoters are called to account as was the case in the detention of Unitech’s promoters. This incident
shows up the fallout of an absence of proper regulation to cover contracts between buyer and real estate
promoters. A real estate bill, which is presently pending in Rajya Sabha, seeks to fill this gap. It has
been debated for over two years and should be passed by Parliament in the budget session.
India is in the midst of rapid urbanization and urban population is expected to more than
double to about 900 million over the next three decades. Unfortunately, even the current population
does not have adequate housing. A government estimate in 2012 put the shortage at nearly 19 million
units. If this shortage is to be alleviated quickly, India’s messy real estate sector needs reforms.
The real estate bill seeks to set standards for contracts between buyers and sellers.
Transparency, a rare commodity in real estate, is enforced as promoters have to upload project details
on the regulators’ website. Importantly standard definitions of terms mean that buyers will not feel
cheated after taking possession of a house. In order to protect buyers who pay upfront, a part of the
M. V. Lomonosov Secondary and High school 23 English 12
School year: 2021 - 2022
money collected for a real estate project is ring-fenced in a separate bank account. Also, given the
uncertainty, which exists in India on land titles, the real estate bill provides title insurance. This bill
has been scrutinized by two parliamentary committees and its passage now brooks no delay.
This bill is an important step in cleaning up the real estate market, but the journey should not
end with it. State governments play a significant role in real estate and they are often the source of
problems. Some estimates suggest that real estate developers have to seek approvals of as many as 40
central and state departments, which lead to delays and an escalation in the cost of houses. Sensibly,
NDA government’s project to provide universal urban housing forces states to institute reforms to
access central funding. Without real estate reforms at the level of states, it will not be possible to meet
the ambition of making housing accessible for all urban dwellers.
1. From paragraph 2, it can be inferred that _________.
A. buying house is not a single largest individual investment.
B. in India, no one depends on laws for justice.
C. the real estate bill does not provide title insurance.
D. urbanization in India has increased rapidly.
2. According to the passage, which of the following is the pending in Rajya Sabha?
A. NDA government’s new scheme.
B. Universal rural housing programme.
C. Real estate bill.
D. Universal urban housing programme.
3. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
A. Current population does not have adequate housing in India.
B. India’s real estate sector needs reforms.
C. Real state bill has been scrutinized by two parliamentary committees.
D. Urban population is expected to more than double to about 850 million over the next three decades.
4. According to the passage, what is the source of problem in real estate?
A. Buyers and sellers B. Central governments
C. Market money makers D. State governments
5. The word “alleviated” in the second paragraph is OPPOSITE in meaning to _______.
A. aggravated B. deaden C. diminished D. relieved
6. The word “possession” in the third paragraph refers to _______.
A. lease B. need C. proprietary rights D. renting
7. The word “escalation” in the fourth paragraph refers to _______.
A. decrease B. growth C. reduction D. sustainability
8. It is impossible to meet the ambition of making housing accessible for urban dwellers _______.
A. with real estate reforms at state level
B. without support of central government
C. without passing the bill in Rajya Sabha
D. without real estate reforms at the level of states
D. WRITING
I. a. Read the words used to describe charts in the box. Put them in the right column.
M. V. Lomonosov Secondary and High school 24 English 12
dramatic leveled out rose School year: 2021 - 2022
increased went up stayed
dropped sharp alight fell
remained constant climbed went down decreased
boomed stayed remain steady reduced
constant small
considerable
Expressing Expressing Expressing Expressing
movement movement movement movement
(verb: rise) (verb: fall) (verb: no change) (adjective)
__________________ __________________ __________________ __________________
__________________ __________________ __________________ __________________
__________________ __________________ __________________ __________________
__________________ __________________ __________________ __________________
__________________ __________________ __________________ __________________
b. Read the description of the trends about the urbanization rate in South Korea and Indonesia
in the paragraph below. Fill in the blank with the words in the box.
slight increase steady rise went up sharply leveled off
remained stable roughly increased sharply doubled
The line graph shows the rate of urbanization in two countries, namely Indonesia and South Korea,
from the mid - 1960s to 2009.
In the mid - 1960s, the rate of urbanization in Indonesia was about 17%, followed by a (1)
_____________ of 3% in 1969. Then the rate (2) _____________ at around 20% for ten-year period
from 1969 to 1979. In the next fifteen years, there was a (3) _____________ in the rate of urbanization
in this country. From 1995 to 2009, Indonesia’s urbanization rate (4) _____________, reaching over
50%.
South Korea’s urbanization rate was about 30% in 1969, (5) _____________10% higher than that
of Indonesia. The rate (6) ______________ throughout the next thirty-year period to about 82% in
2005, and then (7) _______________ towards 2009.
M. V. Lomonosov Secondary and High school 25 English 12
School year: 2021 - 2022
In conclusion, it is clear that while both countries experienced a growth in their urbanization rate,
in South Korea it almost (8) ________________ by the end of the period.
II. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of sentences
in the following questions.
1. The share price fluctuated. The trend was slightly upward.
A. The share price fluctuated; as the upward trend.
B. The share price fluctuated; consequently, the trend was slightly upward.
C. The share price fluctuated; due to upward trend.
D. The share price fluctuated; however, the trend was slightly upward.
2. The expenditure of the office remained stable. The profit rose by 25%.
A. The profit rose by 25% although the stabilization of the office’s expenditure.
B. The profit rose by 25% as the result of the stabilization of the office’s expenditure.
C. The profit rose by 25% despite the stabilization of the office’s expenditure.
D. The profit rose by 25% owing the stabilization of the office’s expenditure.
3. The price plunged from 300 to 20 in 1995. It plateaued over the next 3 years.
A. The price decreased by 280 in 1995 before stabilizing for the next 3 years.
B. The price decreased for 280 in 1995 before leveling for the next 3 years.
C. The price decreased by 280 in 1995 before leveling for the next 3 years.
D. The price decreased for 280 in 1995 before stabilizing for the next 3 years.
4. The rapid urbanization led to many serious problems. One of those is the growth of slums.
A. The rapid urbanization is the cause of many serious problems such as the growth of slums.
B. The rapid urbanization is consequent of many serious problems like the growth of slums.
C. The rapid urbanization is created by many serious problems such as the growth of slums.
D. The rapid urbanization is result by many serious problems like the growth of slums.
5. Increasing urbanization has led to problems. Cities are centers of civilization and culture.
A. Although increasing urbanization has led to problems, but cities are centers of civilization and
culture.
B. Despite increasing urbanization has led to problems, but cities are centers of civilization and culture.
C. In spite of increasing urbanization has led to problems, yet cities are centers of civilization and
culture.
D. Though increasing urbanization has led to problems, cities are centers of civilization and culture.
PART B - VOCABULARY& GRAMMAR
I. Choose the best answer A, B, C or D to complete the sentences
1. ______________ is what shaped our cities into what they are today.
A. Electrification B. Industrialization C. Determination D. Urbanization
2. ______________ and poverty force people to engage in anti-social activities.
A. Employees B. Employment C. Unemployment D. Jobs
3. I can’t stand ______________ people who are not tolerant of new ideas.
A. narrow-mind B. narrow-minded C. minded-narrow D. narrow minding
4. Traffic congestion has become a major issue, while schools and hospitals are ______________.
A. overbearing B. overdone C. overdeveloped D. overloaded
5. If you don’t ______________ this opportunity, you might not get another one.
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A. catch B. grab C. capture D. hold
6. You may find you’ve got so many things to think about that it’s difficult to ______________.
A. see off B. put off C. turn it off D. switch off
7. He asked reporters to provide him with ______________ numbers on urban percentages.
A. dated B. up-to-minute C. out-of-date D. up-to-date
8. The lack of running water, ______________ and inadequate housing leads to deadly conditions
in the slums in many cities in Africa.
A. sanitation B. irrigation C. urbanization D. industrialization
9. ______________ are urban areas that are heavily populated with substandard housing and very
poor living conditions.
A. Huts B. Tents C. Slums D. Cottage
10. What are the socio-economic impacts of relocation as the result of the process of urbanization
and ______________ on individuals and their livelihoods in Vietnam?
A. centralization B. industrialization C. restoration D. sanitation
II. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined
word(s) in each of the following questions.
1. She’s a down-to-earth woman with no pretensions.
A. ambitious B. creative C. idealistic D. practical
2. She was brought up in the slums of Leeds.
A. downtown area B. industrial area C. poor area D. rural area
3. The promise of jobs and prosperity pulls people to cities.
A. education B. employment C. stabilization D. wealth
4. May illness in refugee camps are the result of inadequate sanitation.
A. cleanliness B. dirtiness C. pollution D. uncleanliness
5. Online Business School also offers interest free student loans to UK students.
A. no extra fee B. no limited time
C. no repayment D. no interest payment
6. Her style of dress was conservative. She never wears items that are too tight, short or low-cut.
A. high-fashion B. traditional C. trendy D. up to date
7. Many of the immigrants have intermarried with the island’s original inhabitants.
A. foreigners B. landlord C. newcomer D. dwellers
8. Polish artist Pawel Kuzinsky creates satirical paintings filled with thought-provoking message
about the word.
A. inspirational B. provocative C. thoughtful D. universal
9. There has been a hot debate among the scientists relating to the pros and cons of using robotic
probes to study distant objects in space.
A. problems and solutions B. advantages and disadvantages
C. solutions and limitations D. causes and effects
10. The Freephone 24 Hour National Domestic Violence Helpline is a national service for women
experiencing domestic violence, their family, friends, colleagues and others calling on their behalf.
A. in the same country B. in the same family
C. in the same office D. in the same school
II. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the
underline word(s) in each of the following questions.
M. V. Lomonosov Secondary and High school 27 English 12
School year: 2021 - 2022
1. Unemployment is a massive problem for the government at the moment.
A. main B. major C. minor D. primary
2. Increases in motor vehicle usage have resulted in congestion on the roads.
A. blockage B. obstruction C. opening D. overcrowding
3. This restaurant was highly recommended for good service, delicious food and kind-hearted
boss.
A. ambitious and greedy B. attentive and helpful
C. generous and gracious D. polite and friendly
4. Many people move to urban areas seeking for job opportunity as well as stable employment.
A. durable B. long-lasting C. steady D. temporary
5. I propose that we wait until the budget has been announced before committing ourselves to any
expenditure.
A. approve B. recommend C. reject D. suggest
6. Until 1986 most companies would not even allow women to take the exams, but such gender
discrimination is now disappearing.
A. unfairness B. injustice C. partiality D. equality
7. In cities, two of the most pressing problems facing the world today also come together: poverty
and environmental degradation.
A. destruction B. poisoning C. pollution D. progression
8. The best hope of avoiding down-market tabloid TV future lies in the pressure currently being
put on the networks to clean up their act.
A. expensive B. famous C. poor quality D. uncreative
9. Urbanization is the shift of people from rural to urban areas, and the result is the growth of
cities.
A. maintenance B. movement C. transposition D. variation
10. A cost-effective way to fight crime is that instead of making punishments more severe, the
authorities should increase the odds that lawbreakers will be apprehended and punished quickly.
A. economical B. practical C. profitable D. worthless
IV. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of following questions.
1. It is essential that she ___________ the truth.
A. told B. should be tell C. should be told D. should been told
2. It has been proposed that we _________ the topic.
A. not change B. not to change C. to change D. to not change
3. They hope to ________ a cure for the disease.
A. catch up on B. come up with C. fill up with D. go out with
4. Congress has decreed that the gasoline tax _________.
A. abolish B. abolished C. be abolished D. been abolished
5. It is impolite that you ________ there when he gets off the plane.
A. be not standing B. been not standing
C. not be standing D. not been standing
6. It is recommended that the vehicle owner ________ present at the count.
A. be B. be not C. not being D. not to be
7. The doctor recommended that she _________ a specialist about the problem.
A. be seen B. seeing C. should be seen D. should see
M. V. Lomonosov Secondary and High school 28 English 12
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8. Interactive games could be used in order to keep students ____________.
A. engage B. engaged C. engagement D. engaging
9. We could mention some solution and government __________ in the conclusion.
A. initiates B. initiatives C. initiations D. initiators
10. Women who ________ due to marriage are not considered to be ____________.
A. migrate – migrants B. migrate – migrators
C. migrant – migrators D. migrant – migrations
11. Each child had to __________ a short speech to the rest of the class.
A. do B. carry out C. make D. take
12. Has the interviewer _________ the date? Yes, it’s on next Monday.
A. amend B. fixed C. moved D. revised
13. Don’t worry. We’re in good time; there’s _________ to hungry.
A. impossible B. no need C. no purpose D. unnecessary
14. Don’t worry, we’ll try to ________ the problems and find a solution for everyone.
A. carry on B. make up C. sort out D. switch off
15. In order to apply for a credit card, Tom first has to _________ a four-page form at the bank.
A. catch on B. come up with C. fill in D. hand out
16. He wasn’t able to ________ with the stresses and strains of the job.
A. catch up B. come down C. cope D. handle
17. Urbanization can bring social health and benefit; _________, it also has its drawbacks.
A. by the way B. furthermore C. however D. moreover
18. During the lesson, if you have questions or comments, please feel free to ________ them.
A. enlarge B. increase C. go up D. raise
19. We have to come to the conclusion. We are _________ out of the time.
A. driving B. going C. running D. walking
20. Thanks to the development in technology, students have ________ to good resources.
A. been accessed B. access C. accessing D. assessed
21. The teacher explained so much stuff in just one lesson that most of the students could _________
only half of it.
A. break up B. get through C. let out D. take in
22. The map of top ten most densely ________ countries in the world includes Monaco, Singapore,
Bahrain, Malt and Bangladesh.
A. populated B. populating C. population D. popular
23. Overpopulation in urban areas tends to create unfavorable conditions, which may result in
_________ of food in developing countries.
A. damages B. failures C. shortages D. supplies
24. Tony was totally opposed but if you give him some time to think about what you said, I’m sure he
will _________ to your point of view.
A. come round B. deal with C. fit out D. keep down
25. The rapid rise in the global population is not expected to start _________ until past the middle of
this century, by which time it will have reached 9 billion.
A. falling off B. knocking down
C. looking over D. passing out
- THE END -
M. V. Lomonosov Secondary and High school 29 English 12
PRACTICE TEST 2 School year: 2021 - 2022
MARK: …………
(Time allotted: 60 minutes)
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined part is
pronounced differently from that of the rest in each of the following questions.
Question 1: A. play B. train C. nation D. urban
Question 2: A. poor B. sure C. tour D. pure
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word that differs from the other
three in the position of the primary stress in each of the following questions.
Question 3: A. agree B. interest C. prepare D. demand
Question 4: A. urbanize B. develop C. continue D. proposal
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the
following questions.
Question 5: We have caught ______ today.
A. as many ten as fish B. as many as ten fish
C. ten fish as many as D. many as ten fish
Question 6: These vegetables don’t taste ______ to me.
A. well B. delicious C. freshly D. healthy
Question 7: When you ______your work, you may leave the room.
A. finishing B. have been finishing C. have finished D. finished
Question 8: I’m worried ______ my final exam in statistics.
A. about failing B. to fail
C. with failing D. to failure
Question 9: To test his theory, the chemist ______ an experiment.
A. set up B. set out C. set forth D. set in
Question 10: I regretted ______like that. I was sorry to have done so.
A. to answer B. answering C. answer D. to answering
Question 11: I’m not a tailor and this skirt is too long. If I were you, I would ______?
A. shorten it B. have it shortened
C. have shortened it D. have it shorten
Question 12: More and more people are moving to live the city in search of better _____ prospects.
A. occupation B. profession C. career D. work
Question 13: The manager threw a party ______ the group of computer experts from the US.
A. in honour of B. in favour of
C. in welcome of D. in celebration of
Question 14: People should be tolerant of other cultures; they should be more ______.
A. half-hearted B. light-hearted C. open-minded D. single-minded
Question 15: The rural areas are said to suffer from the lack of natural resources as well as ______
weather conditions.
A. rigid B. extreme C. poor D. worsened
Question 16: It is recommended the candidate ______ as many IELTS mock tests as possible before
going for the real exam, which cost nearly $250.
A. takes B. should take C. must take D. will take
M. V. Lomonosov Secondary and High school 30 English 12
School year: 2021 - 2022
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning
to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
Question 17: Urbanization has resulted in massive problems besides the benefits.
A. major B. serious C. few D. minor
Question 18: Overpopulation in big cities has severely affected the air and water quality.
A. seriously B. insignificantly C. largely D. commonly
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to
the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
Question 19: The film is not worth seeing. The plot is too dull.
A. simple B. complicated C. boring D. slow
Question 20: In rural Midwestern towns of the USA, the decisions that affect most residents are made
at general assemblies in schools and churches.
A. concerts B. public libraries C. gatherings D. prayer services
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the most suitable response to complete
each of the following exchanges.
Question 21: Two friends Mary and Daisy are talking about films.
Mary: “I saw a film about Africa on TV several weeks ago. It’s really hot there, isn’t it?
Daisy: “____________.”
A. Certainly not B. I’ve been there C. Not all the time D. Next month
Question 22: Two students are talking about the summer vacation
Student A: “How did your father get to France? By plane or by ship?”
Student B: “_____________.”
A. I’m not sure B. Why not? C. To Paris D. To go sightseeing
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each
of the questions.
In 1860 the United States was predominantly rural. Most people were engaged in agriculture,
and about 80 percent of the population actually resided on farms or in small villages. Only 20 percent
lived in towns and cities of 2,500 or more, the census definition of an urban area after 1880. New York
alone in 1860 had more than 1 million people, and only 8 cities could boast about a population of more
than100,000. Thereafter the transition from a rural to a predominantly urban nation was especially
remarkable because of its speed. By 1900 urbanization, with all of its benefits, problems, and prospects
for a fuller life, became the mark of modern America.
The changing physical landscape reflected the shift to an urbanized society. Railroad terminals,
factories, skyscrapers, apartment houses, streetcars, electric engines, department stores, and the
increased pace of life were all signs of an emerging urban America. Indeed, the vitality, dynamic
quality, variety, and restless experimentalism in society centered in the urban communities where the
only constant factor was change itself.
Urbanization did not proceed uniformly throughout the nation. New England and the Middle
Atlantic states contained the highest percentage of city dwellers. In the Middle West, the growth of
cities such as Chicago, Milwaukee, Cleveland, and St. Louis showed the importance of urbanization
in that region. The three West Coast states also experienced rapid urban growth. In the South,
urbanization developed much more slowly, although by 1910 the expansion of transportation,
commerce, and industry had greatly increased the population of older cities such as New Orleans and
stimulated the growth of new urban centers such as Birmingham. However, the South remained
M. V. Lomonosov Secondary and High school 31 English 12
School year: 2021 - 2022
predominantly rural. Only somewhat more than 20 percent of the population in that region was urban
by 1910.
In some regions the urban impact had a depressing effect upon the surrounding rural
communities. Much of New England in the late nineteenth century presented a discouraging picture of
abandoned farms and sickly villages as people forsook the countryside and rushed to the larger towns
and cities. In the Middle West, particularly Ohio and Illinois, hundreds of townships lost population
in the 1880's.
Question 23: What does the passage mainly discuss?
A. The benefits brought about by urbanization in the 1800’s.
B. The population of large urban areas in the 1800’s.
C. The problems associated with urban areas in the United States.
D. The history of the urbanization of the United States.
Question 24: According to the passage, which of the following was the census definition of an urban
area after 1880?
A. An area with a population that had recently increased by 20 percent.
B. A city with a population of 1 million or more people.
C. A town or city with a population of at least 2,500.
D. An area or region with a population of at least 100,000.
Question 25: It is implied in paragraph 1 that people were attracted to urban because_______.
A. The existence of public transportation B. The possibility for a fuller life
C. The lack of agricultural work D. The availability of housing
Question 26: The word “shift” in the passage is closest in meaning to_______.
A. position B. resource C. change D. return
Question 27: Which of the following are mentioned in the passage as a sign of urbanized society in
the United States in the late 1800’s?
A. Streetcars B. Schools
C. Cultural activities D. Roads and highways
Question 28: In paragraph 2, life in urban communities is characterized as_______.
A. dangerous B. competitive
C. increasingly expensive D. constantly changing
Question 29: The author’s main purpose in paragraph 4 is to_______.
A. establish that urban areas were important in contributing to the economic growth of the United
States.
B. demonstrate that the population of the United States increased dramatically during the late
nineteenth century.
C. prove that the Middle West was the most adversely affected by large shifts in population.
D. knowledge that urbanization had a negative impact on some communities in the United States.
Question 30: The word “forsook” in the passage is closest in meaning to......
A. left B. forewarned C. used D. populated
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that best combines each
pair of sentences in the following questions.
Question 31: We couldn’t get a seat. We arrived quite early.
A. Because we arrived quite early, we couldn’t get a seat.
B. If we had arrived early, we could have got a seat.
M. V. Lomonosov Secondary and High school 32 English 12
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C. Although we arrived quite early, we couldn’t get a seat.
D. We arrived too early to get a seat.
Question 32: Sunny Hills is close to public transportation. Sea View is near a beautiful park.
A. Sunny Hills is close to public transportation, so Seaview is near a beautiful park.
B. Sunny Hills is close to public transportation, but Seaview is near a beautiful park.
C. Sunny Hills is close to public transportation, for Seaview is near a beautiful park.
D. Sunny Hills is close to public transportation, or Seaview is near a beautiful park.
Question 33: Many airlines are offering to discount tickets for flights. More people are flying for
weekends trips to scenic cities.
A. If many airlines are offering to discount tickets for flights, more people are flying for weekends
trips to scenic cities.
B. Although many airlines are offering to discount tickets for flights, more people are flying for
weekends trips to scenic cities.
C. As many airlines are offering to discount tickets for flights, more people are flying for weekends
trips to scenic cities.
D. Many airlines are offering to discount tickets for flights, or more people are flying for weekends
trips to scenic cities.
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning
to each of the following questions.
Question 34: How about having these exercises before playing games?
A. I suggest you play games before finishing these exercises.
B. I suggest these exercises be finished before we play games.
C. Let’s play games before having these exercise finished.
D. Why not finish these exercise after playing games?
Question 35: “Do you still remember Darin, our childhood friend?” Mary asked me.
A. Mary asked me to remember Darin, our childhood friend.
B. Mary reminded me of our childhood friend, Darin.
C. Mary wanted to know if Darin, our child hood friend, still remembered me.
D. Mary asked me whether I still remembered Darin, our childhood friend.
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needs
correction in each of the following questions.
Question 36: It is necessary that one met with a judge before signing the final document for a divorce.
AB C D
Question 37: Knowledges about cultures provides insights into the learned behaviors of groups.
A B CD
Question 38: The most bulkiest of the poisonous snake is the diamond backed rattler, which
AB C
reaches 8 feet 8 inches long.
D
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the
correct word and phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks.
New technology helped cities grow. Elevated trains carried passengers over (39) ______
streets. In 1887, the first electric streetcar system opened in Richmond, Virginia. Ten years later, the
nation’s first electric subway trains began running beneath the streets of Boston.
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Public transportation gave (40) ______ to suburbs, living areas on the outskirts of a city. People
no longer had to live in cities to work in cities. Steel bridges also accelerated suburban growth. The
Brooklyn Bridge, completed in 1883, (41) ______ the city center in Manhattan to outlying Brooklyn.
As a result, New York City was able to spread out to house its growing population.
Cities began to expand upward as well as outward. In 1885, architects in Chicago constructed
the first 10-story building. People called it a skyscraper because its top seemed to touch the sky. By
1900, (42) ______ skyscrapers up to 30 stories high towered over cities. Electric elevators whisked
office workers to the upper floors.
As cities grew outward from their old downtown sections, living patterns changed. Many cities
took on a similar shape. Poor families crowded (43) ______ the oldest sections at the city center.
Middle-class people lived farther out in row houses or new apartment buildings. The rich built fine
homes on the outskirts of the city.
Question 39: A. filled B. crowded C. crammed D. packed
Question 40: A. rise B. raise C. place D. way
Question 41: A. related B. associated C. connected D. linked
Question 42: A. steel-framed B. steel-framing C. frame-steeled D. frame-steeling
Question 43: A. out of B. into C. at D. with
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each
of the questions.
Most journeys in Britain and the US are made by road. Some of these are made on public transport
but most are by private car.
In Britain many people rely on their cars for daily local activities, e.g. getting to work, doing the
shopping, and visiting friends. People living in urban areas may use buses, trains or, in London, the
Underground, to get to city centres, mainly because traffic is often heavy and it is difficult to find
anywhere to park a car. Some places in the country may have a bus only two or three times a week so
people living there have no choice but to rely on their cars.
In the US large cities have good public transportation systems. The El railroad in Chicago and the
underground systems of New York, Boston, San Francisco and Washington, DC are heavily used.
Elsewhere, most Americans prefer to use their cars. Families often have two cars and, outside major
cities, have to drive fairly long distances to schools, offices, shops, banks, etc. Many college and even
high-school students have their own cars.
Long-distance travel in Britain is also mainly by road, though railways link most towns and cities.
Most places are linked by motorways or other fast roads and many people prefer to drive at their own
convenience rather than use a train, even though they may get stuck in a traffic jam. Long-distance
coach/bus services are usually a cheaper alternative to trains, but they take longer and may be less
comfortable. Some long-distance travel, especially that undertaken for business reasons, may be by
air. There are regular flights between regional airports, as well as to and from London. A lot of freight
is also distributed by road, though heavier items and raw materials often go by rail.
In the US much long-distance travel is by air. America has two main long-distance bus companies,
Greyhound and Trailways. Amtrak, the national network, provides rail services for passengers. Private
railway companies such as Union Pacific now carry only freight, though in fact over 70% of freight
goes by road.
The main problems associated with road transport in both Britain and the US are traffic congestion
and pollution. It is predicted that the number of cars on British roads will increase by a third within a
few years, making both these problems worse. The British government would like more people to use
M. V. Lomonosov Secondary and High school 34 English 12
School year: 2021 - 2022
public transport, but so far they have had little success in persuading people to give up their cars or to
share rides with neighbours. Most people say that public transport is simply not good enough.
Americans too have resisted government requests to share cars because it is less convenient and
restricts their freedom. Petrol/gasoline is relatively cheap in the US and outside the major cities public
transport is bad, so they see no reason to use their cars less.
Question 44: In Britain and the US most people travel by ______.
A. sea B. rail C. road D. air
Question 45: According to the passage, people in London may prefer the underground to their own
cars due to ______.
A. cheap tickets B. air pollution
C. long distances D. heavy traffic
Question 46: It is mentioned in paragraph 3 that the public transportation systems in the US are good
in ______.
A. some states B. all cities
C. large states D. large cities
Question 47: Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
A. Few college students in the US have their own cars.
B. Families in the US often have more than one car.
C. Most Americans prefer to drive their cars outside large cities.
D. The underground systems are popular in some major US cities.
Question 48: The phrase “at their own convenience” in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to _____.
A. at the latest time and nearest place B. at an appropriate time and place
C. at an early time and nearby place D. at the fastest time and nearest place
Question 49: Which of the following is TRUE about transport in Britain?
A. Long-distance travel in Britain is only by road.
B. There are no regular flights between regional airports.
C. Trains are usually cheaper than long-distance coach services.
D. Heavier items and raw materials are often transported by train.
Question 50: According to the information in paragraph 5, long-distance travellers in the US can
choose from ______ mode(s) of transport.
A. four B. two C. one D. three
- THE END –
M. V. Lomonosov Secondary and High school 35 English 12
School year: 2021 - 2022
CHUYÊN ĐỀ UNIT 2:
SUBJUNCTIVE
(Bàng thái cách – Thức giả định)
Là cách động từ để diễn tả những gì trái với thực tế hoặc chưa thực hiện, những gì còn nằm trong tiềm
thức người ta.
Trong câu giả định, người ta dùng dạng nguyên thể của các động từ sau một số động từ chính mang
tính cầu khiến. Thường có that trong câu giả định trừ một số trường hợp đặc biệt.
Ví dụ: We urge him that he leave now
We urge him to leave now.
I. THE PRESENT SUBJUNCTIVE (Hiện tại giả định).
Subject + (should) (not) Verb (bare infinitive)
1. Dùng trong các mệnh đề danh từ bắt đầu bằng that làm tân ngữ của các động từ như:
advise demand prefer require
ask insist propose beg
command move recommend suggest
decree order request urge
intend resolve vote
S + verb (any tense) + that + S + (should) (not) V (nguyên thể) +…..
Ex: Tom suggested that his friends (should) stay over for the night.
The doctor suggested that his patient (should) not stop smoking.
Sam proposed that Tom (should) telephone his accountant.
2. Dùng trong các mệnh đề danh từ bắt đầu bằng that đứng sau các tính từ như:
advised necessary recommended urgent
important obligatory required imperative
determined proposed suggested vital
It + be (any tense) + Adj + that + S + (should) (not) V(nguyên thể) +…..
Ex: It is necessary that he find the books.
It was urgent that she leave at once.
It is important that you remember this question.
3. Dùng trong các mệnh đề danh từ bắt đầu bằng that làm bổ ngữ đứng sau các danh từ như:
suggestion (sự đề nghị), proposal (sự đề nghị), command (mệnh lệnh), demand (sự đòi hỏi), request
(sự yêu cầu),...
proposal
suggestion + is + that + subject + (should) (not) verb (bare)
request
The doctor’s suggestion is that she take a holiday. (she take = she should take)
= The doctor suggested that she (should) take a holiday.
Our proposal is that he be elected group-leader. (he be = he should be)
M. V. Lomonosov Secondary and High school 36 English 12
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= We suggest that he (should) be elected ....
II. THE PAST SUBJUNCTIVE (Quá khứ giả định)
Subject + V-ed/P1
Riêng động từ TO BE thì dùng WERE cho tất cả các ngôi (I were/ you were/ he were/ it were/ they
were...). Tuy nhiên ngày nay người ta có khuynh hướng dùng was đi với chủ ngữ số ít và were với số
nhiều.
Past Subjunctive diễn tả một một hành động hay sự kiện không có thật (trái với sự thật) ở hiện tại
và được dùng trong các cấu trúc sau:
(1) Trong cấu trúc với WOULD RATHER
SUBJECT + WOULD RATHER + SUBJECT + VERB (past subjuctive)
VD: I’d rather you went by train.
I’d rather she didn’t go with you.
(2) Trong cấu trúc: IT’S (high) TIME + SUBJECT + VERB (past subjunctive)
VD: It’s time we went home. // It’s time for us to go home.
III. MỘT SỐ DẠNG THỨC GIẢ ĐỊNH ĐẶC BIỆT
1. Thức giả định Với “WISH/ IF ONLY”
a. wish / if only + S + V ed/ P1 (QKĐ): ước cho hiện tại
- I wish I had more free time. (= I don't have much free time, but I would like some.)
- If only I were young again.
b. wish / if only + S + had Ved/ P2 (QKHT): ước cho quá khứ
- I wish that you'd told me about this before I booked the tickets. (= I regret the fact that you didn't
tell me about this.)
- If only he hadn't been driving so fast! (= Unfortunately he was driving very fast.)
c. Wish / if only + would V
- I wish you'd stop looking at me like that. It's terribly distracting.
- I wish you'd stop shouting. I'm not deaf, you know.
- If only the sun would come out so we could get on with the filming. (= The sun 'refuses' to come out.
I want it to come out.)
2. Thức giả định với “AS IF/AS THOUGH”
1. Giả định cho hiện tại
S + verb ( present) + as if/as though + S + verb (past) +…..
Ex: The old lady dresses as if it were in winter even in the summer. (It is not winter)
He acts as though he were rich. (he is not rich)
2. Giả định cho quá khứ
S + verb ( past) + as if/as though + S + verb (past perfect) +…..
Ex: Betty talked about the contest as if she had won the 1st prize. (She didn’t win the 1st prize)
He looked as though he had run ten miles. (he didn’t run 10 miles)
PRACTICE
Exercise 1: Put the verbs in brackets into the correct forms.
1. I hate driving. I’d much rather you (drive) __________________.
2. It’s high time they (mend) __________________ this road.
M. V. Lomonosov Secondary and High school 37 English 12
School year: 2021 - 2022
3. “I’ll pay you by cheque monthly.” - “I’d rather you (pay) __________________ me cash
weekly.”
4. I wish I (not try) __________________ to repair it. I only made it worse.
5. I wish I (know) __________________ what is wrong with my car.
6. Tom acts as if he (be) __________________ the boss.
7. He talks as if he (do) __________________ all the work himself, but in fact Tom and I did most
of it.
8. Barbara looked at me as though she (never meet) __________________ me before.
9. But I told you what to do. I know you did. If only I (take) __________________your advice.
10. He treats us as if we (be) ________________all idiots.
Exercise 2: Find and correct the errors in the following sentences, if there are no errors, write
CORRECT.
1. The teacher demanded that the students left the room. ____________
2. It was urgent that he called her at once. ____________
3. It was very important that we delay discussion. ____________
4. She intends to move that the committee suspends discussion on this issue. ____________
5. The king ordered that the new law took effect to the following month. ____________
6. I propose that you should stop this rally. ____________
7. I advise you take the prerequisites before registering for this course. ____________
8. His father prefers that he attends a different university. ____________
9. The committee commanded that the rule be abolished. ____________
10. She urged that we found another alternative. ____________
Exercise 3: Choose the best answer.
1. I wish I ______ to retake my exams.
a. do not have b. will not have c. am about d. did not have
2. The spacemen felt as if he ______ in a paradise.
a. had been b. falls c. fall d. has fallen
3. He afflicted mother felt as though she ______ on the verge of dying
a. has been b. had been c. were d. was
4. I wish another more effective teaching method______ used.
a. is b. was c. were d. has been
5. She wishes she ______ a fairy now.
a. was b. were c. is d. were
6. She spent money as if she always______ plenty of it.
a. have b. had c. had had d. should have
7. She spends money as if she always______ plenty of it.
a. has b. have c. has had d. had
8. She talks too much but I wish she______.
a. didn't b. doesn't c. won't d. wouldn't
9. They will drink wine but I wish they______.
a. didn't b. don't c. won't d. wouldn't
M. V. Lomonosov Secondary and High school 38 English 12
School year: 2021 - 2022
10. She made lot of mistakes but I wish she______.
a. didn't b. hadn't c. wouldn't d. did
11. My wife wishes she______ the guitar now.
a. could play b. can play c. could have played d. plays
12. Yesterday he missed the lesson. He wishes he______ it.
a. didn't miss b. hadn't miss c. hasn't missed d. hadn't missed
13. I suggest that the doctor_____ up his mind without delay.
a. makes b. make c. made d. is to make
14. This poor old man wishes he_____.
a. wasn't born b. has never been born
c. had never been born d. would never be born
15. I am not a teacher of English, but suppose I _____, then I _____ set up a language centre.
a. am/ can b. were/ can c. was/ could d. were/could
16. His friends suggest that the _____ for that post.
a. applies b. apply c. applying d. will apply
17. It's high time we_____ these mice.
a. are getting rid of b. are going to get rid of c. get rid of d. got rid of
18. It is necessary that children_____ of their old parents.
a. to take care b. takes care c. took care d. take care
19. I wish this English course_____ the whole year.
a. will last b. may last c. lasted d. last
20. It is essential that the sponsor_____ the file early.
a. make b. makes c. made d. making
21. The clients demanded that the doctor's office_____ earlier.
a. opening b. opened c. open d. to open
22. He was not a dutiful son. I wish he_____.
a. was b. were c. has been d. had been
23. It is cold now. The homeless child wishes he_____ in a cozy family.
a. has been b. will be c. were d. is
24. What would you suggest that he_____?
a. will do b. would do c. do d. did
25. I wish my wife_____ better now.
a. would be b. was c. be d. were
26. He wishes he_____ the college that year.
a. entered b. had entered c. would enter d. has been entering
27. It is necessary that he_____ a certificate in English?
a. will get b. gets c. get d. would get
28. I demand that I_____ to retake the exam.
a. be allowed b. am allowed c. will be allowed d. were allowed
29. I am not an interpreter, but I certainly wish I _____.
a. shall be b. was c. were d. am
30. I wish you_____ quiet a moment, I can't hear what_____.
a. would keep/ the compere is saying b. kept/ the compere said
c. will keep/ the compere saying d. had kept / had the compere said
Exercise 4: Choose the sentences that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions.
1. Lan didn't apply for the job in the library. She regrets it now.
A. Lan wishes she had applied for the job in the library.
B. Lan wishes she hadn’t applied for the job in the library.
C. Lan wishes she would apply for the job in the library.
D. Lan wishes she applies for the job in the library.
2. Maria says she'd like to have been put in a higher class.
A. Maria wishes that she will be put in a higher class.
B. Maria wishes that she is put in a higher class.
C. Maria wishes that she had been put in a higher class.
D. Maria wishes that she were put in a higher class.
M. V. Lomonosov Secondary and High school 39 English 12
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3. He broke up with her but now he thinks that was a mistake.
A. He wishes he hadn't broken up with her.
B. He wishes not to have broken her up.
C. He regrets having not broken up with her.
D. He was mistaken with breaking up with her.
4. I regret not going to the airport to see her off.
A. I wish I had gone to the airport to see her off.
B. If only I would go to the airport to see her off.
C. I regret to go to the airport to see her off.
D. If I were you, I would go to the airport to see her off.
5. It's such a pity my mother can't attend my birthday party.
A. If only my mother could attend my birthday party.
B. If only my mother had attended my birthday party.
C. I am very sorry that my mother didn't attend my birthday party.
D. I wonder why my mother can't attend my birthday party.
6. You are not tactful; that is why you are always offending other people.
A. You must have offended other people because you are not tactful.
B. If you were tactful, you would satisfy other people.
C. I wish you were tactful so that you don’t offend other people.
D. You should have been tactful so that you didn’t offend other people.
7. It is a pity that I can’t speak English as native speaker.
A. I wish I could speak English as a native speaker.
B. I wish I couldn’t speak English as a native speaker.
C. I wish I can speak English as a native speaker.
D. I wish I have spoken English as a native speaker.
8. His parents are away on holiday. He really needs their help now.
A. As long as his parents are at home, they will be able to help him.
B. He wishes his parents were at home and could help him now.
C. If his parents are at home, they can help him now.
D. If only his parents had been at home and could have helped him.
9. I didn't read the book from which the film was made. I can't tell you about it.
A. I wish I had read the book from which the film was made.
B. If I had read the book from which the film was made, I could have told you about it.
C. I wish I had read the book from which the film was made and could tell you about it.
D. As long as I didn’t read the book from which the film was made, I can’t tell you about it.
10. He doesn't have any money now. He can't lend his friend some.
A. As long as he has much money now, he can lend his friend some.
B. If he has much money now, he can lend his friend some.
C. He wishes he had money now and could lend his friend some.
D. If only he had had money now and could have lent his friend some.
- THE END -
M. V. Lomonosov Secondary and High school 40 English 12
School year: 2021 - 2022
M. V. Lomonosov Secondary and High school 41 English 12
School year: 2021 - 2022
UNIT 3 -THE GREEN MOVEMENT
LANGUAGE FOCUS:
- Pronunciation: - Assimilation
- Grammar: - Simple,compound, and complex sentences
- Relative Clauses with which refering the whole clause
PART A
A. PHONETICS
I. Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from that of the others
1. A. loved B. appeared C. agreed D. coughed
2. A. cave B. activity C. impact D. adapt
3. A. reserve B. challenge C. result D. garden
4. A. sustainable B. status C. nature D. destruction
5. A. environment B. interest C. biosphere D. diversity
II. Choose the word whose stress pattern is different from that of the others
1. A. environment B. community C. ecology D. concentration
2. A. alternative B. competitive C. conservative D. inexpensive
3. A. eliminate B. intervention C. eventually D. inhabitant
4. A. adventurous B. energetic C. sustainable D. traditional
5. A. television B. engineer C. information D. economic
B. VOCABULARY & GRAMMAR
I. Complete the sentences, using “which”, “that”, “who”, or “whose” where necessary.
1. We should adopt a green lifestyle, ___________ helps to conserve our natural resources.
2. Green technology is a method ____________uses green cleaning products.
3. Students will enjoy doing many activities, including games, puzzles, __________ purposes are the
development of team spirits.
4. Coal, _______ remains one of the most important energy sources, is still used in many power
plants.
5. The learning applications __________ students can participate in using the smart table will
encourage them to work together to solve problems.
6. There are interactive activities__________ are available to be downloaded from the Internet.
7. Teachers __________ introduce activities to the whole class can work with smaller groups on the
smart tablet to introduce discussions about the subject matter.
8. Governments are searching for new sources of energy to replace fossil fuels, __________ are
running out.
9. Stockholm, _______ public transport run on renewable energy, is a green place to live.
10. Parents __________ have to pay for mobile devices may be happy with the new method of teaching
and its benefits.
II. Complete the sentences with the words in the box.
entertaining impacts discharging biosphere ecotourism
adapted flora eco-friendly exotic sustainable
M. V. Lomonosov Secondary and High school 42 English 12
School year: 2021 - 2022
1. This kind of flower is well- __________________ to harsh winter.
2. That factory was fined for _________________ chemicals into the local river.
3. We always try to use _____________________ cleaning products.
4. She travels to all kinds of ____________________ locations all over the world.
5. This company is trying to lessen the devastating _______________ of the oil spill on marine life.
6. Tourism is damaging the fauna and __________________ of the island.
7. We all depend on one ______________ for sustaining our lives.
8. ______________________ is financing rainforest preservation.
9. Cycling is a totally _____________________ form of transport.
10. Barbecues are a favourite way of ____________________ friends,
which makes they feel happy.
III. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words capitalized. RELATIVE
1. Although _________________ new, ecotourism is growing rapidly. MYSTERY
2. We can explore the _________________ hiking path and take photos. NIGHT
3. Young children like cooking and staying ___________ with local family. BENEFICIAL
4. I am sure we will ______________ greatly from the preservation of our
AVOID
nature. CONSUME
5. Unluckily, air, water and noise pollution is ____________ in big cities. HUNT
6. More people in an area means more food _______________ and waste. EXCITEMENT
7. It’s interesting to see animals ___________ for food especially tigers. PROTECTION
8. With careful preparation, they will have an ___________ trip to Egypt. DESTRUCTION
9. Many people should be taught how to______________ our environment.
10. Many high buildings were ___________ by the explosions last week.
IV. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
1. The council wants to __________ the character of the city while reconstructing the Old Quarter.
A. preserve B. store C. defense D. abandon
2. Heavy traffic _________ us so we came to the meeting rather late.
A. promoted B. arrested C. cancelled D. delayed
3. It turned out to be a ________ journey when the weather became bad.
A. hazard B. hazardous C. hazarded D. hazarding
4. Poaching _________ the greatest threat to many species.
A. creates B. presents C. poses D. produces
5. In some countries, people’s interference in the rhino’s _________ leads to habitat loss.
A. sector B. territory C. domain D. country
6. __________ the wild, giant pandas eat bamboo.
A. On B. Into C. Onto D. In
7. This species of African elephants is dying _______.
A. out B. of C. on D. down
8. ________ is wiping out many kinds of plants and animals.
A. Defoliation B. Deforestation C. Deformation D. Degradation
9. The tiger is ________ of extinction. It is difficult to find them in the wild.
A. on the wing B. on the rocks C. on the verge D. on the ground
10. Switching to _________ eco light bulb is one way to protect the environment.
A. energy-wasting B. energy-expending
C. energy-lacking D. energy-saving
M. V. Lomonosov Secondary and High school 43 English 12
School year: 2021 - 2022
V. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the
following questions.
1. In the end, everybody cleaned up the whole room, that I hadn’t expected before.
AB CD
2. My beautiful and intelligent sister turned off TV, sit down and started to cry.
A BC D
3. My mother lives next to me, which is really convenience.
AB C D
4. Scientists are becoming more and more concerned about how to dispose waste safely.
A B CD
5. He shouted at his girlfriend, that really disappointed me.
AB CD
6. While wait for the paint to dry, I walked around and talked to the engineers.
A B CD
7. He drinks quite a lot, what is why he is so ill.
A BC D
8. The temperature increases significantly what makes the ice melt faster.
A BC D
9. Today, half of the world’s population live in urban areas.
AB CD
10. We need a detailed acting plan, for maintaining clean beaches and parks.
AB C D
C. READING
I. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct word or phrase
that best fits each of the numbered blanks.
The warming of the Pacific Ocean has created weather patterns
(1)___________ strongly affect the world. When the water is warm,
the amount of rainfall in Indonesia and the surrounding regions
decreases. Australia could even experience a drought in many parts.
On (2) ___________ hand, Chile (which borders the Pacific Ocean)
is preparing for severe rainstorms. In Pakistan and northwestern
India, the weather pattern makes the rainy season weaker and makes
the area much drier.
This happening is called El Nino and is used by weather forecasters to make long-range weather
predictions. They also know that El Nino will carry unusually heavy rains to the southwestern part of
the United States and (3) ___________ the central part of the country drier at the same time.
According to research, weather forecasters used to know about the coming weather with certainty.
Now everything has become completely different.
El Nino itself used to be (4) ___________ . It would occur every two to seven years. But now, this
weather pattern is becoming more frequent. We cannot say when and how often tornadoes or cyclones
occur. Scientists are unsure of the reason for this shift (5) ___________ a global scale either.
1. A. that B. when C. what D. whether
2. A. the other B. another C. other D. others
3. A. making B. to make C. make D. made
M. V. Lomonosov Secondary and High school 44 English 12
4. A. incredible B. predictable C. remarkable School year: 2021 - 2022
5. A. on B. at C. of
D. notable
D. for
II. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to
each of the questions.
Large animals that inhabit the desert have evolved a number of adaptations for reducing the effects of
extreme heat. One adaptation is to be light in color, and to reflect rather than absorb the Sun’s rays.
Desert mammals also depart from the normal mammalian practice of maintaining a constant body
temperature. Instead of trying to keep down the body temperature deep inside the body, which would
involve the expenditure of water and energy, desert mammals allow their temperatures to rise to what
would normally be fever height, and temperatures as high as 46 degrees Celsius have been measured in
Grant’s gazelles. The overheated body then cools down during the cold desert night, and indeed the
temperature may fall unusually low by dawn, as low as 34 degrees Celsius in the camel. This is an
advantage since the heat of the first few hours of daylight is absorbed in warming up the body, and an
excessive buildup of heat does not begin until well into the day.
Another strategy of large desert animals is to tolerate the loss of body water to a point that would be
fatal for non-adapted animals. The camel can lose up to 30 percent of its body weight as water without
harm to itself, whereas human beings die after losing only 12 to 13 percent of their body weight. An
equally important adaptation is the ability to replenish this water loss at one drink. Desert animals can
drink prodigious volumes in a short time, and camels have been known to imbibe over 100 liters in a
few minutes. A very dehydrated person, on the other hand, cannot drink enough water to rehydrate at
one session, because the human stomach is not sufficiently big and because a too rapid dilution of the
body fluids causes death from water intoxication. The tolerance of water loss is of obvious advantage
in the desert, as animals do not have to remain near a water hole but can obtain food from grazing
sparse and far-flung pastures. Desert-adapted mammals have the further ability to feed normally when
extremely dehydrated; it is a common experience in people that appetite is lost even under conditions
of moderate thirst.
1. What is the main topic of the passage?
A. Weather variations in the desert B. Adaptations of desert animals.
C. Diseased of desert animals D. Human use of desert animals.
2. According to the passage, why is light coloring an advantage to large desert animals?
A. It helps them hide from predators C. It helps them see their young at night.
B. It does not absorb sunlight as much as dark colors D. It keeps them cool at night.
3. The word “maintaining” is closest in meaning to _________.
A. measuring B. inheriting C. preserving D. delaying
4. The author uses of Grant’s gazelle as an example of
A. an animal with a low average temperature
B. an animal that is not as well adapted as the camel
C. a desert animal that can withstand high body temperatures
D. a desert animal with a constant body temperature
5. What causes water intoxication?
A. Drinking too much water very quickly C. Bacteria in water.
B. Drinking polluted water. D. Lack of water.
6. The word “tolerate” is closest in meaning to__________
A. endure B. replace C. compensate D. reduce
7. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an adaptation of large desert animals?
A. Variation in body temperature B. Eating while dehydrated
C. Drinking water quickly D. Being active at night
M. V. Lomonosov Secondary and High school 45 English 12
School year: 2021 - 2022
D- WRITING
I. Rewrite the following sentences as directed.
1. We all start conserving the environment. We can all enjoy better living conditions.
If we start...............................................................................................................................................
2. You won’t save electricity if you don’t turn off the computer at night. (Using Unless)
..............................……………………………………………………………………………………..
3. Organic foods are considered healthier although their prices are high.
Despite....……………………………………………………………………………………………...
4. Waste in Stockholm is converted into valuable resources. This helps the city to be a green place to
live. (Using which)
..............................……………………………………………………………………………………..
5. “Go Green” is a campaign organized by the Youth Union. It attracts the
participation of many Lomonosov students.
“Go Green”, .................................................................................... …………
II. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the
following questions.
1. You must never take the helmet off when you drive.
A. Helmets must be worn all times when you drive.
B. Helmets must be taken round with you when you drive.
C. Wearing helmets is never taken into consideration when driving.
D. Helmets are an optional part of you when you drive.
2. People here are so environmentally-friendly that they create the greenest community in region.
A. Here is the greenest community in region though the people are environmentally-friendly.
B. Here is the greenest community in region because the people are environmentally-friendly.
C. Here is the greenest community in region while the people are environmentally-friendly.
D. Here is the greenest community in region if the people are environmentally-friendly.
3. We might stop here if you don’t change your way of speaking.
A. We might stop here unless you don’t change your way of speaking.
B. We might stop here if you change your way of speaking.
C. We might stop here unless you change your way of speaking.
D. We might stop here if not you change your way of speaking.
4. When the class was over, the students ran out, screamed and shouted.
A. As long as the class finished, the students ran out, screamed and shouted.
B. No sooner was the class over, the students ran out, screamed and shouted.
C. As soon as the class had finished, the students ran out, screamed and shouted.
D. If the class was over, the students ran out, screamed and shouted.
5. At no time does Jane ask me when she uses my bathroom.
A. Jane is always using my bathroom without asking.
B. It is very unusual for Jane to ask me when she uses my bathroom.
C. Jane has no time to ask me when she uses my bathroom.
D. Sometimes, Jane asks me when she uses my bathroom.
M. V. Lomonosov Secondary and High school 46 English 12
School year: 2021 - 2022
III. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of sentences
in the following questions.
1. We paid for the meal. We wanted to say sorry for what we had done.
A. In order to pay for the meal, we wanted to say sorry for what we had done.
B. We paid for the meal in order to say sorry for what we had done.
C. We paid for the meal although we wanted to say sorry for what we had done.
D. The meal we paid for is what we wanted to say sorry for what we had done.
2. My sister thinks the film is too frightening. I am not scared at all.
A. My sister thinks the film is too frightening because I am not scared at all.
B. My sister thinks the film is too frightening so I am not scared at all.
C. My sister thinks the film is too frightening whereas I am not scared at all.
D. My sister thinks the film is too frightening although I am not scared at all.
3. He bought her flowers and diamond rings. This action made her fall in love with him.
A. He bought her flowers and diamond rings, what made her fall in love with him.
B. He bought her flowers and diamond rings, that made her fall in love with him.
C. He bought her flowers and diamond rings, which made her fall in love with him.
D. He bought her flowers and diamond rings which made her fall in love with him.
4. He was so angry with his boss. He quitted his job immediately.
A. Angry with his boss, he quitted his job immediately.
B. He quitted his job immediately, angry with his boss.
C. Angry with his boss he is, he quitted his job immediately.
D. He was so angry with his boss although quitting his job immediately.
5. Something hit the door. I heard a slam.
A. Something hit the door but I heard a slam.
B. Something hit the door when I heard a slam.
C. Something hit the door though I heard a slam.
D. Something hit the door for I heard a slam.
PART B - VOCABULARY& GRAMMAR
I. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
1. _______ batteries or solar chargers are some of the solutions to the lack of energy.
A. Rechargeable B. Reversible C. Repeatable D. Returnable
2. I never leave any electrical appliances on standby and I think it is a good way to ________ energy
in the home.
A. take care of B. use C. keep D. conserve
3. Nowadays, people are searching for more ________ materials to build their houses.
A. environment-friendly B. environmentally-friendly
C. environmental-friendly D. environmental-friend
4. Every ________ piece of equipment was sent to the fire.
A. consumable B. spendable C. available D. disposable
5. In the ___________ agriculture, farmers try to limit the use of chemicals and fertilizers.
A. sustainable B. conserving C. preserving D. supporting
M. V. Lomonosov Secondary and High school 47 English 12
School year: 2021 - 2022
6. In Singapore, people try to __________ 80% of all waste.
A. reprocess B. reclaim C. recycle D. reuse
7. A good leader in globalization is not to impose but _________ change.
A. facilitate B. cause C. show D. oppose
8. Information technology has _________ our lives.
A. evolved B. reserved C. assimilated D. transformed
9. We need to act quickly to ________ to climate change, or it will be a disaster for the whole planet.
A. adapt B. go back C. reverse D. transit
10. There is little _______ of things improving soon.
A. probability B. probably C. probable D. probabilities
11. The city council is discussing a detailed _______ plan for maintaining clean beaches and parks.
A. activity B. action C. measure D. approach
12. People should _______ a green lifestyle to help conserve the natural resources.
A. adapt B. adjust C. adopt D. adjoin
13. Environmentalists are worried that our natural resources will _________up if we don’t take
initiative to go green.
A. run B. deplete C. deprive D. end
14. Animals that are raised on __________organic pastures provide organic meat.
A. verified B. certified C. varied D. censored
15. Scientists have found out ways to ________ salty water into fresh water safely.
A. change B. preserve C. conserve D. maintain
16. Soot comes from the __________ combustion of fossil or other fuels.
A. completion B. complete C. incompletion D. incomplete
17. Another reason why the Earth is _________ warmer is because of the amount of ozone in our
atmosphere.
A. having B. taking C. coming D. getting
18. Some citizens believe that protecting the environment is the _____________ of the government.
A. responsibility B. possibility C. task D. duty
19. The authorities are planning to __________ a program to improve the water quality of the river.
A. get B. make C. know D. initiate.
20. Plastic bags which are non-biodegradable are harmful _________ the environment and aquatic
wildlife.
A. from B. to C. for D. with
II. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined
word(s) in each of the following questions.
1. For environmental safety, we need to find ways to reduce emission of fumes and smoke of factories.
A. leak B. release C. poison D. pollutant
2. Nylon is a man-made fiber, the use of which has helped more people to have cheaper and more
colourful clothes to wear.
A. natural B. plastic C. synthetic D. artificial
3. The advances of commercial airplanes resulted in a shrinking world.
A. decreasing B. reduced C. smaller D. compressing
4. We have to suffer from traffic congestion and pollution every day.
A. accident B. fullness C. mass D. crowd
5. Many animals were born in captivity. Resultantly, they do not always breed well.
M. V. Lomonosov Secondary and High school 48 English 12
A. imprisonment B. lock C. detention School year: 2021 - 2022
D. freedom
6. The African rhino is an endangered species and need protecting. D. indefensible
D. zoo
A. unstable B. dangerous C. insecure D. use
D. diminish
7. We can protect many species by keeping them in wildlife reserves. D. waster
A. protected land B. saved land C. park
8. Scientists are trying to find an energy that consumes less fuel.
A. waste B. destroy C. eat up
9. Modern buildings are designed to maximize natural light.
A. absorb B. increase C. let
10. It’s wise to use local fresh produce which is in season.
A. cars B. restaurants C. crops
III. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underline
word(s) in each of the following questions.
1. The new policy will help generate more jobs.
A. bring out B. form C. produce D. terminate
2. Her only problem is the limited experience because she is too young.
A. narrow B. considerable C. insufficient D. restricted
3. The river is badly polluted with toxic chemicals from that factory.
A. poisonous B. harmful C. all right D. deadly
4. I don’t believe in anything he says, he is unreliable.
A. inaccurate B. unstable C. trustworthy D. irresponsible
5. If we continue to deplete our planet’s natural resources, we will damage the environment
significantly.
A. use up B. add to C. reduce D. exhaust
6. She stays incredibly focused and is never distracted by others.
A. disturbed B. confused C. bewildered D. concentrated
7. Poverty in many African countries increases the likelihood that people poach animals to earn their
living.
A. chance B. prospect C. possibility D. improbability
8. Funds are diverted from conservation to military because of war.
A. redirected B. shifted C. stayed D. turned aside
9. The number of rhinos is in steady decline. There are fewer rhinos than ever before.
A. occasional B. constant C. stable D. persistent
10. Scientists are experimenting the way to dispose of waste safely.
A. eliminate B. conserve C. deal with D. get used to
IV. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of following questions.
1. The kids often forget to turn off the light when going out of the room, __________wastes a lot of
electricity.
A. that B. where C. which D. what
2. It is important to keep ourselves clean ___________ germs can cause infection in parts of our body.
A. although B. unless C. while D. because
3. We reuse bags, old clothing and scrap paper at home___________ we can reduce waste.
A. so B. in order to C. for fear that D. so that
4. ____________ we stop deforestation, a lot of species will lose their habitats.
M. V. Lomonosov Secondary and High school 49 English 12
School year: 2021 - 2022
A. If B. Unless C. Because D. When
5. People should use bikes instead of motorbikes__________ it will help to reduce exhaust fumes.
A. unless B. although C. since D. while
6. The students’ interests are in maths and science ____________ history and literature.
A. rather than B. except for C. but for D. owing to
7. The student wiped the board ______ was full of notes and drawings.
A. that B. while C. after D. so
8. There wasn’t a chair for the headmaster, _________ is a big problem.
A. what B. which C. that D. where
9. We can leave _______ you are ready.
A. whatever B. whoever C. whenever D. whichever
10. I like swimming ________ my sister likes jogging and dancing.
A. whereas B. when C. whenever D. so
11. The volunteers are planting a lot of trees, __________helps to raise the amount of oxygen.
A. that B. while C. who D. which
12. _________ he was waiting for Sam outside the cinema, Jim realized that the street was funnily
crowded.
A. So B. While C. Unless D. Even though
13. I didn’t meet him right away _______ he had to talk to his boss first.
A. while B. if C. because D. or
14. True Blood is my favorite TV series, ________ I don’t have much time to watch it often.
A. although B. before C. if D. yet
15. _________ the disastrous storm, a tree fell down and destroyed our roof top.
A. During B. In spite of C. Despite D. Because
16. After the children finished their dinner, they went to bed _________ listened to a bedtime story
before falling asleep.
A. that B. and C. so D. while
17. The kids show some hatred towards him ________ he was really nice to them.
A. because B. before C. unless D. even though
18. The game is brand new, ____________numerous students are attracted to it.
A. although B. even though C. so D. or
19. There will not be enough food for the entire human race, _________ worries the scientists.
A. what B. which C. that D. where
20. ___________ what has happened, I think she will never return.
A. If B. Unless C. While D. After
- THE END –
M. V. Lomonosov Secondary and High school 50 English 12
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