WORKSHEET 12 - SEMESTER 1

PRACTICE TEST 3 School year: 2021 - 2022
MARK: …………
(Time allotted: 60 minutes)

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined part differs

from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions.

Question 1: A. adventure B. future C. mature D. figure

Question 2: A. missed B. started C. helped D. jumped

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word that differs from the other three

in the position of primary stress in each of the following questions.

Question 3: A. open B. happen C. offer D. begin

Question 4:A. difficulty B. simplicity C. discovery D. commodity

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needs

correction in each of the following questions.
Question 5: I didn’t feel like to go to church this morning because it was raining hard

A BC D

Question 6: Tom likes to gossip about other people, so he doesn’t like them to gossip about him.

AB CD

Question 7: Have a headache, an upset stomach, and a bad case of sunburn did not put me in

A BC

a good mood for the evening.

D

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the

following questions.

Question 8: _________ he is old, he wants to travel around the world.

A. In spite of B. Although C. Despite D. Because

Question 9: Had I studied harder, I____________ better in the last exam.

A. would do B. would have done C. had done D. wouldn’t have done

Question 10: The larger the apartment, the ___________ the rent is.

A. expensive B. more expensive C. expensively D. most expensive

Question 11: Nam wanted to know what time ___________.

A. the movie began B. the movie begins

C. does the movie begin D. did the movie begin

Question 12: Last week, we went to Ha Long Bay for a picnic, ________ made us very happy then.

A. which B. that C. it D. of which

Question 13: Lenses, ____________, are used to correct imperfections in eyesight.

A. are the forms of glasses and contact lenses B. in the form of glasses and contact lenses

C. glasses and contact lenses which form D. glasses and contact lenses may be formed

Question 14: Thanks to the laser beams, he could get rid of the __________birthmark on his face.

A. normal B. abnormal C. abnormality D. abnormally

Question 15: That girl died of an________ morphine.

A. overweight B. overhear C. overdo D. overdose

Question 16: We usually do go by train, even though the car _________ is a lot quicker.

A. travel B. journey C. trip D. voyage

M. V. Lomonosov Secondary and High school 51 English 12

School year: 2021 - 2022

Question 17: Many species of plants and animals are in___________ of extinction.

A. dangerous B. endangered C. danger D. dangerously

Question 18: The last person ______ the room must turn off the lights.

A. to leave B. who leave C. that leave D. all are correct

Question 19: Jane and Mary are in the corridor.
Jane: “What’s the matter? You don’t look very well.”
Mary: “I feel a little _____________.”

A. out of the blue B. out of order C. under the weather D. under the impression

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the most suitable response to complete

each of the following exchanges.

Question 20: Tim and Jeycy are in Maths class.

Tim: “____________” – Jeycy: “Certainly”

A. Welcome back! B. What are you doing there?
C. I’m sorry I am late D. May I borrow a pencil, please?

Question 21: Jane is talking to her father.

Jane: “Do you mind if I use your computer for an hour?” Father:”________”

A. Not at all. I’ve finished my job. B. Yes, you can use it.

C. Of course not. I still need it now. D. Yes, It’s all right.

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to
the underlined words in each of the following sentences.

Question 22: As tourism is more developed, people worry about the damage to the flora and fauna of

the island.

A. fruits and vegetables B. flowers and trees

C. plants and animals D. mountains and forests

Question 23: “It is a really difficult matter to decide how to solve now. I will need time to think it

over”.

A. to sleep on it. B. to make it better C. to make up for it D. to think out of time

Mark the letter A,B,C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to
the underlined words in each of the following sentences.

Question 24: “That is a well-behaved boy whose behaviour has nothing to complain about”

A. good behavior B. behaving improperly

C. behaving nice D. behaving cleverly

Question 25: After five days on trial, the court found him innocent of the crime and he was released.

A. benevolent B. innovative C. naive D. guilty

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning
to each of the following questions.
Question 26: This material is suitable for students of eighteen years and up.

A. Students of eighteen years and over can use this material.
B. The material is suitable for students who are over eighteen.
C. The material may be suitable for students of over eighteen years of age.
D. Only 18-year-old students will find this material suitable.

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School year: 2021 - 2022

Question 27: If there hadn’t been such a strong wind, it would not have been so difficult to put out the
fire.

A. It was the strong wind which made it difficult for us to put out the fire.
B. When a strong wind began to blow, it was even more difficult to control the fire.
C. If the wind hadn’t been so strong, it would have been much easier to put out the fire.
D. As the wind was really very strong, it took them a long time to put out the fire.
Question 28: No sooner had Mary begun her new job than she knew she had made a mistake.
A. As soon as Mary started working, she realized that her decision had not been a good one.
B. Had Mary not just begun a new job, she would have gone looking for a better one.
C. Just before Mary took up her new post, she realized that she was not suited for it.
D. Since Mary did not like her new job, she began looking for one more suitable to her.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that best combines each
pair of sentences in the following questions.
Question 29: I think I should have cooked more food. There’s nothing left now.

A. I should not have cooked so much food.
B. I regret cooking too much food now.
C. I did not cook much food and I think it is ok now.
D. I did not cook much food and I think it was a mistake.
Question 30: “Cigarette?”,he asked. “No, thanks.” I said:
A. He asked for a cigarette, and I immediately refused.
B. He mentioned a cigarette, so I thanked him.
C. He offered me a cigarette, but I promptly declined.
D. He asked if I was smoking, and I denied at once.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the
correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 31 to 35.

Environmental Concerns
Earth is the only place we know of in the universe that can support human life. Yet human activities
are making the planet less fit to live on. As the western world (31) _____ on consuming two-thirds of
the world's resources while half of the world's population do so just to stay alive we are rapidly
destroying the very resource we have by which all people can survive and prosper. Everywhere fertile
soil is (32) _____ built on or washed into the sea. Renewable resources are exploited so much that they
will never be able to recover (33) _____. We discharge pollutants into the atmosphere without any
thought of the consequences. As a result the planet's ability to support people is being reduced at the
very time when rising human numbers and consumption are (34) _____ increasingly heavy demands
on it.

The Earth's natural resources are there for us to use. We need food, water, air, energy, medicines,
warmth, shelter and minerals to (35) _____ us fed, comfortable, healthy and active. If we are sensible
in how we use the resources, they will go indefinitely. But if we use them wastefully and excessively,
they will soon run out and everyone will suffer.

Question 31: A. continues B. repeats C. follows D. carries
Question 32: A. neither B. sooner C. rather D. either
Question 33: A. utterly B. completely C. quite D. greatly
Question 34: A. making B. doing C. having D. taking
Question 35: A. maintain B. stay C. hold D. keep

M. V. Lomonosov Secondary and High school 53 English 12

School year: 2021 - 2022

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the
correct answer to each of the questions

Ocean water plays an indispensable role in supporting life. The great ocean basins hold about
300 million cubic miles of water. From this vast amount, about 80,000 cubic miles of water are sucked
into the atmosphere each year by evaporation and returned by precipitation and drainage to the ocean.
More than 24,000 cubic miles of rain descend annually upon the continents. This vast amount is
required to replenish the lakes and streams, springs and water tables on which all flora and fauna are
dependent. Thus, the hydrosphere permits organic existence.

The hydrosphere has strange characteristics because water has properties unlike those of any
other liquid. One anomaly is that water upon freezing expands by about 9 percent, whereas most liquids
contract on cooling. For this reason, ice floats on water bodies instead of sinking to the bottom. If the
ice sank, the hydrosphere would soon be frozen solidly, except for a thin layer of surface melt water
during the summer season. Thus, all aquatic life would be destroyed and the interchange of warm and
cold currents, which moderates climate, would be notably absent.

Another outstanding characteristic of water is that water has a heat capacity which is the
highest of all liquids and solids except ammonia. This characteristic enables the oceans to absorb and
store vast quantities of heat, thereby often preventing climatic extremes. In addition, water dissolves
more substances than any other liquid. It is this characteristic which helps make oceans a great
storehouse for minerals which have been washed down from the continents. In several areas of the
world these minerals are being commercially exploited. Solar evaporation of salt is widely practised,
potash is extracted from the Dead Sea, and magnesium is produced from sea water along the American
Gulf Coast.

Question 36: The author’s main purpose in this passage is to ___________.

A. illustrate the importance of conserving water

B. describe the properties and uses of water

C. compare water with other liquids

D. explain how water is used in commerce and industry
Question 37: The phrase “this vast amount” in line 4 of paragraph 1 refers to __________ .

A. 80,000 million cubic miles of water B. 24,000 cubic miles of rain

C. 80,000 cubic miles of water D. 300 million cubic miles of water

Question 38: Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a characteristic of water?

A. Water can absorb heat B. Water is good solvent.

C. Water contracts on cooling D. Water expands when it is frozen

Question 39: The word “outstanding” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ________.

A. exceptionally good B. special C. amusing D. important

Question 40: The author’s tone in the passage can best be described as ________.

A. dispassionate B. speculative C. biased D. dogmatic

Question 41: The author organizes the passage by _______.

A. juxtaposition of true and untrue ideas B. comparison and contrast

C. general statement followed by examples D. hypothesis and proof

Question 42: Which of the following statements would be the most likely to begin the paragraph

immediately following the passage?

A. Water has the ability to erode land

B. Droughts and flooding are two types of disasters associated with water

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School year: 2021 - 2022

C. Another remarkably property of ice is its strength
D. Magnesium is widely used in metallurgical processes

Read the following passage and blacken the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the
correct answer for each of the questions.

In the world today, particularly in the two most industrialized areas, North America and Europe,
recycling is big news. People are talking about it, practicing it, and discovering new ways to be
sensitive to the environment. Recycling means finding ways to use products a second time. The motto
of the recycling movement is "Reduce, Reuse, Recycle". The first step is to reduce garbage. In stores,
a shopper has to buy products in blister packs, boxes and expensive plastic wrappings. A hamburger
from a fast food restaurant comes in lots of packaging: usually paper, a box, and a bag. All that
packaging is wasted resources. People should try to buy things that are wrapped simply, and to reuse
cups and utensils. Another way to reduce waste is to buy high-quality products. When low quality
appliances break, many customers throw them away and buy new ones - a loss of more resources and
more energy. For example, if a customer buys a high-quality appliance that can be easily repaired, the
manufacturer receives an important message. In the same way, if a customer chooses a product with
less packaging, that customer sends an important message to the manufacturers. To reduce garbage,
the throwaway must stop. The second step is to reuse. It is better to buy juices and soft drinks in
returnable bottles. After customers empty the bottles, they return them to the store. The manufacturers
of the drinks collect the bottles, wash them, and then fill them again. The energy that is necessary to
make new bottles is saved. In some parts of the world, returning bottles for money is a common
practice. In those places, the garbage dumps have relatively little glass and plastic from throwaway
bottles. The third step is being environmentally sensitive is to recycle. Spent motor oil can be cleaned
and used again. Aluminum cans are expensive to make. It takes the same amount of energy to make
one aluminum can as it does to run a color TV set for three hours. When people collect and recycle
aluminum (for new cans), they help save one of the world's precious resources.

Question 43: What is the main topic of the passage?

A. How to reduce garbage disposal

B. What people often understand about the term 'recycle'

C. What is involved in the recycling movement

D. How to live sensitively to the environment

Question 44: Which area is considered one of the most industrialized?

A. South America B. Middle East C. Europe D. Asia

Question 45: What does the word “sensitive” means?

A. cautious B. logical C. responding D. friendly

Question 46. People can do the following to reduce waste EXCEPT:

A. buy high-quality product B. buy simply-wrapped things

C. reuse cups D. buy fewer hamburgers

Question 47: Using a hamburger means you use_________

A. paper, chopsticks and a bag B. paper, a bag, and a box

C. a bag, a box and a spoon D. a box, paper and chopsticks

Question 48: What best describes the process of reuse?

A. The bottles are collected, washed, returned and filled again.

B. The bottles are filled again after being returned, collected and washed.

C. The bottles are washed, retuned, filled again and collected.

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D. The bottles are collected, returned filled again and washed.

Question 49: What are the two things mentioned as examples of recycling?

A. Aluminum cans and plastic wrappings. B. Hamburger wrappings and spent motor oil.

C. Aluminum cans and spent motor oil. D. TV sets and aluminum cans.

Question 50: Why is it a waste when customers buy low-quality products?

A. Because people will soon throw them away.

B. Because they have to be repaired many times.

C. Because customers change their ideas all the time.

D. Because they produce less energy.

- THE END –

MODULE UNIT 3:

RELATIVE CLAUSES

(Mệnh đề quan hệ)

Mệnh đề quan hệ (Relative clause), còn gọi là mệnh đề tính ngữ (Adjective clause), được dùng như
một tính từ để bổ nghĩa cho danh từ đứng trước. Mệnh đề quan hệ được đặt ngay sau danh từ mà nó
bổ nghĩa và được bắt đầu bằng các đại từ quan hệ (relative pronouns) who, whom, which, that, whose
hoặc các trạng từ quan hệ (relative adverbs) when, where, why.

Ex: The woman whom I love best is my mother.
(Người phụ nữ mà tôi yêu thương nhất chính là mẹ tôi.)

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I. Cách dùng đại từ và trạng từ quan hệ
• WHO: làm chủ ngữ hoặc tân ngữ, thay thế cho danh từ chỉ người.

Ex: Do you know the man who is standing over there?
(Bạn có biết người đàn ông đứng ở kia không?)

• WHOM: làm tân ngữ, thay thê' cho danh từ chi người.

Ex: Peter keeps talking about the girl whom/ who he met last week.
(Peter cứ nói mãi về cô gái mà anh ấy gặp tuần rồi.)

• WHICH: làm chủ ngữ hoặc tân ngữ, thay thế cho danh từ chỉ vật, hoặc một mệnh đề

Ex: Please recommend me a restaurant which serves seafood.
(Làm ơn giới thiệu cho tôi một nhà hàng bán hải sản.)

She came late today again, which annoyed all of us.
(Hôm nay cô ấy lại đến muộn, việc này làm chúng tôi ai cũng khó chịu)
• THAT: làm chủ ngữ hoặc tân ngữ, thay cho cả danh từ chỉ người và danh từ chỉ vật, không đứng
sau dấu phẩy.

Ex: Do you know the man who/ that is standing over there?

Peter keeps talking about the girl whom/ that he met last week.

Please recommend me a restaurant which/ that serves seafood.
That luôn được dùng sau cụm danh từ gồm cả người lẫn vật, sau các đại từ everything,
something, anything, all, little, much, none và dạng so sánh nhất.

Ex: The firemen managed to rescue the old woman and her cats that were stuck in the burning
house. (Lính cứu hỏa đã tìm cách cứu bà lão và mấy con mèo của bà bị kẹt trong ngôi nhà
đang cháy.)
She is the most beautiful girl that I’ve ever met.
(Cô ấy là cô gái đẹp nhất mà tôi từng gặp.)

• WHOSE: chỉ sự sở hữu
Ex: Peter does not like the secretary whose ideas are contrary to his. (Peter không thích người
thư ký có quan điểm trái với anh ấy.)

• WHEN (= on/ at/ in which): thay cho danh từ chỉ thời gian

Ex: Tell me the time when (= at which) we can depart.
(Hãy cho tôi biết thời gian chúng ta có thể khởi hành.)

• WHERE (= at/ in/ from/ on which): thay cho danh từ chỉ nơi chốn

Ex: Do you know the village where (in which) your father was born?
(Bạn có biết ngôi làng mà cha bạn được sinh ra không?)

• WHY (= for which): dùng để chỉ lý do, thay cho the reason.

Ex: That is the reason why (= for which) John refused to come.
(Đó là lý do vì sao John không chịu đến.)

II. Phân loại mệnh đề quan hệ
1. Mệnh đề quan hệ giới hạn (Restrictive relative clause): cung cấp những thông tin quan trọng
cần thiết đề xác định danh từ hoặc cụm danh từ đứng truớc.

Ex: My father is the man who understands me the most.
(Bố là người hiểu tôi nhất.)

Do you still remember the day when we first met at university?
(Bạn còn nhớ ngày chúng ta gặp nhau lần đầu ở trường đại học không?)
Đại từ quan hệ làm tân ngữ who(m), which, that và trạng từ quan hệ when, why có thể đuợc bỏ
trong mệnh đề quan hệ giới hạn.

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School year: 2021 - 2022

Ex: He promised to lend me the book (which/ that) he bought yesterday.
(Anh ấy hứa cho tôi mượn quyền sách mà anh ấy mua hôm qua.)

Peter keeps talking about the girl (who/ that) he met last week.
2. Mệnh đề quan hệ không giới hạn (Non-restrictive relative clause): cung cấp thêm thông tin

về một nguời, một vật hoặc một sự việc đã đuợc xác định. Mệnh đề quan hệ không giới hạn cách
mệnh đề chính bằng dấu phẩy (,) hoặc dấu gạch ngang (-).

Ex: Peter, who is my new friend, is an architect.
(Peter, người bạn mới quen của tôi, là kiến trúc sư.)

They like walking along the Thames, which flows through London.
(Họ thích đi dọc sông Thames, con sông chảy qua Luân Đôn.)
- Không được bỏ các đại từ quan hệ làm tân ngữ và trạng từ quan hệ trong mệnh đề quan hệ không
giới hạn.

Ex: She met my brother, whom she later married.
(Cô ấy gặp anh trai tôi, người mà sau đó cô ấy đã kết hôn.)

[NOT She met my brother, she later married.]
- Không dùng that trong mệnh đề quan hệ không giới hạn.

Ex: Ms. Pike, who is my form teacher, is very nice to her students.
(Cô Pike, giáo viên chủ nhiệm của tôi, rất tử tế với học sinh.)
[NOT Ms. Pike, that is my form teacher,…]

- Trong mệnh đề quan hệ không giới hạn, which có thể được dùng để bổ nghĩa cho cả câu.

Ex: Peter failed again, which does not make US surprised.
(Peter lại thất bại, điều này chẳng làm chúng tôi ngạc nhiên.)

III. Giới từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ
Trong mệnh đề quan hệ, giới từ có thể đứng trước đại từ quan hệ làm tân ngữ của giới từ (whom,

which, whose) hoặc sau động từ (ngoại trừ without). Giới từ không được đặt trước who và that.

Ex: The people with whom I was sitting were very noisy.

[NOT The people with who/ that-I was sitting...]

Or: The people (whom/ that) I was sitting with were very noisy.
(Những người ngồi cùng với tôi rất ồn ào.)

Khi giới từ là thành phần của cụm động từ thì không thể đem giới từ ra trước whom, which, whose.
Ex: This is the book which I am looking for. (Đây là cuốn sách mà tôi đang tìm.)

[NOT This is the book for which I am looking.]
IV. Dạng rút gọn của mệnh đề quan hệ

Mệnh đề quan hệ có thể được rút gọn bằng cách dùng:
1. Ngữ phân từ (participle phrase)

• Ngữ hiện tại phân từ (present participle phrase) được dùng khi động từ trong mệnh đề quan
hệ ở thể chủ động (active), diễn đạt hành động đang diễn ra hoặc có tính thường xuyên, lâu

dài.

Ex: My sister is the girl who is wearing a blue dress.
→ My sister is the girl wearing a blue dress.
(Chị tôi là cô gái mặc áo đầm xanh.)

• Ngữ quá khứ phân từ (past participle phrase) được dùng khi động từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ
ở thể bị động (passive).
Ex: The novel which was written by Peter’s father is very interesting.
→ The novel written by Peter’s father is very interesting.
(Quyển tiểu thuyết mà bố Peter viết rất hay.)

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School year: 2021 - 2022

2. Cụm động từ nguyên mẫu (to-infinitive phrase)
To-infinitive có thể được dùng khi đại từ quan hệ làm chủ ngữ đứng sau first, second,..., last,
next, only, dạng so sánh nhất hoặc để chỉ mục đích, sự cho phép.

Ex: Tom is the last agent who left the office yesterday evening.
→ Tom is the last agent to leave the office yesterday evening.
(Chiều tối hôm qua Tom là người sau cùng rời văn phòng)

Please take us to a cafeteria where we can have a delicious meal
→ Please take us to a cafeteria to have a delicious meal.

(Làm ơn đưa chúng tôi đến quán để ăn một bữa thật ngon.)
3. Ngữ danh từ (noun phrase)

Ex: Ms Young, who is the school librarian, often lends me reference books.
→ Ms Young, the school librarian, often lends me reference books.
(Cô Young, thủ thư của trường, thường cho tôi mượn sách tham khảo.)

PRACTICE

Choose a, b, c, or d that best completes the sentence.

1. To calm his angry girlfriend, John offered an apology _______ Jane did not accept.

A. which B. who C. whom D. when

2. Michelle screamed when she saw the spider _______ dangled from the one clean bathroom towel.

A. whom B. where C. that D. whose

3. Brian said goodnight to his roommate _______ continued to play video games until his eyes were

blurry with fatigue.

A. Justin, whom B. Justin who C. Justin, who D. Justin, that

4. The children _______ skateboard in the street are especially noisy in the early evening.

A. who B. whom C. which D. whose

5. We have many blessings for those _______ we are deeply grateful to.

A. whose B. whom C. that D. which

6. Women _______ work are happier than those _______ don’t work.

A. that / whom B. who / who C. whom / that D. whose / which

7. It took me a while to get used to people _______ eat pop-corn during the movie.

A. who B. whom C. whose D. which

8. He is the man _______ I wanted to speak to and _______ name I’d forgotten.

A. whose / whom B. that / which C. who / that D. whom / whose

9. This is the house _______ I lived when I first came to the US.

A. in that B. in where C. where D. which in

10. It was in that house _______ we spent our childhood.

A. where B. that C. when D. in which

11. The family _______ burnt in the fire was immediately given a suite in a hotel.

A. which house B. the house of whom C. that house D. whose house

12. My friend eventually decided to get divorced, _______ upset me a lot.

A. who B. why C. that D. which

13. I saw a lot of new people at the party, _______ seemed familiar.

A. which B. that C. some of that D. some of whom

14. The reason _______ I have continued to work for that company is the job security.

A. at which B. which C. why D. for that

15. The house _______ I grew up has just renovated.

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A. where B. in that C. which D. that

16. The old man and his two dogs _______ were seriously burnt in the fire last week have gradually

recovered.

A. who B. that C. which D. whom

17. The woman _______ hair is long and curly is the new secretary, Mrs. Chan.

A. who B. whose C. that D. which

18. _______ used to be the tallest building in the world, is still a popular tourist attraction.

A. The Empire State Building B. It is The Empire State Building, which

C. The Empire State Building, that D. The Empire State Building, which

19. _______ was the first president of the United States, is a symbol of honesty, bravery, and

patriotism.

A. George Washington B. George Washington, that

C. George Washington, who D. That was George Washington

20. It was Peter and Mary _______ often came to help me whenever I was in need.

A. whose B. which C. that D. whom

21. _______ failed will have to retake the exam next week.

A. Those B. Those who C. Who D. Those which

22. My favorite month is always February _______ we celebrate Valentine’s Day and Presidents’ Day.

A. which B. where C. why D. when

23. Travelling on holiday, _______ I love to do, can be very expensive.

A. which B. that C. when D. where

24.New York is a place _______ people of many different cultures live and work together.

A. where B. that C. which D. in that

25. I could not remember the person about _______ you told me, so I could not talk to him.

A. that B. who C. whom D. which

26. The book _______ author is now being shown in the news has become a bestseller.

A. that B. which C. whose D. whom

27. Recommend me a nice restaurant _______ we can have an Italian dinner.

A. which B. in that C. in where D. where

28. _______ is located at 68th and Park, is part of the City University of New York.

A. Hunter College, which B. Hunter College which

C. Hunter College, that D. Hunter College, where

29. Last night, some friends and I went out for some fun________ was a good way to end the week.

A. which B. of which C. that D. who

30. At last they were able to tow up the man and his car _______ crashed down the hill.

A. whose B. which C. who D. that

31. Experts all agree that dreams _______ great anxiety and stress are called nightmare.

A. when cause B. whom cause C. cause D. which cause

32. We got lost in the city ____________caused us to be very late.

A. which B., who C. which D. whom

33. Frank Smith, _______ son works for us, can provide an estimate.

A. whose B. that C. which D. whom

34. _______ small two-winged insects, can spread fatal diseases like malaria and dengue fever.

A. Mosquitoes are B. Mosquitoes, which are

C. Mosquitoes, that are D. They are mosquitoes

35. That horrible incident occurred in 1967, _______ I was still a baby.

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A. when B. why C. where D. which

36. They are the most beautiful roses _______

A. I have ever seen B. whom I have ever seen

C. that I have ever seen them D. where I have ever seen

37. The actor, _______ wife was also famous, was cast as the villain.

A. whose B. which C. that D. whom

38. He is the man _______ last week.

A. I met B. which I met C. whose I met D. where I met

39. My boss gave Peter, _______, the promotion.

A. he had always preferred B. whom he had always preferred

C. he had always preferred whom D. that he had always preferred

40. I did not like the book _______

A. whom John gave me B. when John gave me

C. John gave me D. that John gave me it
41. He couldn’t read __________surprised me.

A. which B. that C. , which D. , that

42. The basement is the room _______ most of my studying.

A. where I do B. I do in C. in that I do D. I do

43. Frank Zappa, _______ one of the most creative artists in rock ‘n roll, came from California.

A. was B. who was C. whom was D. that was

44. I have found you the tutor _______

A. whom you were looking B. for whom you were looking

C. for who you were looking D. that you were looking

45. He was always coming up with new ideas, most of _______ were absolutely impracticable.

A. which B. that C. whom D. whose

46._______ is a quality all human beings have.

A. Creativity may take many forms B. Creativity, may take many forms,

C. Creativity which may take many forms, D. Creativity, which may take many forms,

47._______ in New York lead very busy lives.

A. Those who live B. Who live C. Those live D. Those which live

48._______ millions of immigrants live, is sometimes called a Melting Pot.

A. New York City, which B. New York City that

C. New York City, where D. New York City

49. The 1960’s was the time _______ many Americans began to question the actions of their

government.

A. which B. when C. that D. where

50. It was in the 1970’s _______ many new rights and freedoms had been gained.

A. when B. that C. which D. in which

- THE END -

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UNIT 4- THE MASS MEDIA

LANGUAGE FOCUS:
- Pronunciation: - The verb ending –ed.

- Grammar: - Review: the past perfect vs the past simple

- Prepositions after certain verbs

PART A

A. PHONETICS

I. Choose the word that has the underlined part pronounced differently from that of the others.

1. A. media B. network C. website D. connect

2. A. bully B. introduce C. amuse D. distribute

3. A. attitude B. advent C. advantage D. mass

4. A. chanced B. finished C. announced D. believed

5. A. subscribe B. efficient C. connect D. documentary

II. Choose the word that has the main stress placed differently from that of the others.

1. A. prevent B. event C. virus D. emerge

2. A. regard B. service C. impact D. programme

3. A. educate B. entertain C. influence D. dominant

4. A. popular B. media C. creative D. audience

5. A. documentary B. proficiency C. efficiency D. society

III. Read the article, and underline the verbs in their past form. Put the verbs in the appropriate
columns based on the pronunciation of the -ed endings.

Newspapers

Newspapers enjoyed the position of the most preferred medium to reach a wider audience until
electronic communication emerged on the media scene. In the early days, newspapers were the only
medium that masses depended on, daily news. A newspaper carried all kinds of communication related
to a variety of topics like politics, socialism, current affairs, entertainment, finance, stocks, etc.

Apart from this, it also included topics like cartoons, crosswords, Sudoku, movie reviews, book
reviews, puzzles, crosswords, etc. This captivated the imagination and interests of readers from all age
groups. Newspapers were an important platform of mass communication, as they reached every corner
of the world where electronic media failed to reach. With the emergence of the Internet, the popularity
of newspapers reduced.

/ t / / d / / id /

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B. VOCABULARY & GRAMMAR
IV. Fill in each blank in the sentences with the correct word from the box.

subscribe addicted dominant web posted
media interact networking cyberbullying smartphone

1. I have never _______________ a nasty comment on anybody’s homepage.
2. If I want my friends to see photos or videos, I can send them on my _______________
3. Social_______________ networks are a major resource for both small and big for both small and
big businesses that are looking to promote their brands on the Internet.
4. "Delicious" is a social bookmarking _______________ service for discovering, storing and sharing
web bookmarks.
5. When you enter into any social networking site, you will be _______________to those communities.
6. High usage of the Internet increases the risk of the being victims of _______________or other cyber
crimes.
7. You can go in this website to _______________ for free and download the episodes straight to your
phone, tablet, or computer.
8. Teachers can use social_______________ to help their students connect and collaborate on a deeper
level.
9. For many teens, texting is the_______________ way that they communicate on a day-to-day basis
with their friends.
10. Video games, social media and mobile phones play an integral role in how teens meet and
_______________with friends.

V. Put the verbs in brackets in the past perfect or the past simple.
1. As soon as the film (start) _______________, Lan realised she (see) _______________ it before.
2. I (be) _______________surprised to find that Mr. Cole (leave) _______________ the day before.
3. This morning Helen (feel) _______________ much better after she (have) _______________ a good
sleep.
4. The rain (stop) _______________ by the time we (get) _______________ to the beach.
5. Melissa (be) _______________angry because her brother (eat) _______________ all the
chocolates.
6. When Julia (borrow) _____________ the book from the school library, she (not / realise)
______________ that a couple of pages (be torn out) _______________.
7. Yesterday I (catch) _______________ in the rain because I (not / watch) _______________the
weather forecast.
8. Mr. Brown just (finish) ___________reading the letter when the telephone on his desk (ring)
______________.

VI. Fill each gap with an appropriate preposition.
1. Most Americans don't object _______________ being called by their first names.
2. Many people have contributed _______________ the production of a finished film.
3. He had suffered _______________ loss of memory before he died.
4. I think he is unwell; he was complaining _______________ a headache this morning.
5. I expect it will rain again when we're on holiday this year, but at least we are properly
prepared_______________ it this time.

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6. They decided to name the new baby boy _______________ Grandpa.
7. Will you please remind Helen _______________ her appointment with the dentist?
8. She spent a lot of money _______________ cosmetics.
9. They succeeded _______________ escaping _______________ the burning house.
10. Thank you for your letter. It was nice to hear _______________ you again.

VII. Match the two halves of the sentences, and write the answer in each blank.

Answer A B
1. I don't approve of your smoking. I A. with all the information you need.
wish you would give
2. Dick apologized B. after our garden while we're away?
3. Don't try to do two things at once. C. off my visit because of the weather.
Concentrate.
4. Don't ask the office for information. D. up that habit.
I will provide you
5. His friends congratulated him E. about difficulty in breathing.
6. Who is going to look F. on one thing at a time.
7. I had to put G. for not sending a thank-you letter.
8. He is complaining H. on his good fortune.

VIII. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of

the following questions.

1. Students suppose to read all the questions carefully and find out the answers to them.

AB CD

2. It was suggested that Pedro studies the material more thoroughly before attempting to pass

AB CD

the exam.

3. My father used to give me a good advice whenever I had a problem.

A BC D

4. Not until I was on my way to the airport that I realized I had left my passport at home.

AB C D

5. Genetic engineering is helping researchers unravel the mysteries of previously incurable

AB

diseases so that they get to its root causes and find cures.

CD

IX. Use the word given in capitals at the end of some of the lines to form a word that fits in the gap
in the line.

We often think of ourselves as living in a time of (1) (CONTINUE ) _______________
technological change and development. We tend to believe that we are unique in history in dealing
with a constantly (2) (EVOLVE ) _______________ world of gadgets, devices and innovations.
However, the end of the nineteenth century
and the start of the twentieth was also a time that saw many(3) (REVOLT ) _______________ changes.
People had needed to show(4) (FLEXIBLE ) _______________ throughout the nineteenth century, as
the effects of the Industrial Revolution meant constantly making(5) ( ADJUST) _______________ to
deal with the changing working conditions. Towards the end of the century, though, people had to

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become more (6) (ADAPT ) ______________ than ever before. The typewriter (1873), the telephone
(1876), the electric light bulb (1879) and other (7) (INFLUENCE ) _______________ developments
gave people the (8) (CAPABLE ) _______________ to live and work in ways their grandparents could
not have imagined. Over the next 30 years, little remained (9) (ALTER ) _______________ as the
camera, the cinema, the photograph, the plane and the radio all had an (10) (ELECTRIC )
_______________ effect on people and society.

C. READING
X. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct word or phrase
that best fits each of the numbered blanks.

There can be no doubt at all that the Internet has made a huge difference to our lives. Parents are
worried that children spend too much time playing on the Internet, hardly (1) _____________ doing
anything else in their spare time. Naturally, parents are (2) ____________to find out why the Internet
is so attractive, and they want to know if it can be harmful for their children. Should parents worry if
their children are spending that much time (3) _____________ their computers?

Obviously, if children are bent over their computers for hours, (4) ____________ in some game,
instead of doing their homework, then soothing is wrong. Parents and children could decide how much
use the child should make of the Internet, and the child should give his or her (5) ____________that it
won’t interfere with homework. If the child is not holding to this arrangement, the parents can take
more drastic steps. Dealing with a child’s use of the Internet is not much different from negotiating
any other sort of bargain about behavior.

1. A. ever B. rarely C. never D. always
2. A. reluctant B. concerned C. curious D. hopeful
3. A. watching B. glancing at C. glimpsing at D. staring at
4. A. puzzled B. absorbed C. interested D. occupied
5. A. word B. promise C. vow D. claim

XI. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to
each of the questions.

Reality television is a genre of television programming which, it is clamed, presents unscripted
dramatic or humourous situations, documents actual events and features ordinary people rather than
professional actors. It could be described as a form of artificial or “heightened” documentary. Although
the genre has existed in some form or another since the early year of television, the current explosion
of popularity dates from around 2000.

Reality television covers a wide range of television programming formats, from games to quiz
shows which resemble the frantic, often demeaning programmes produced in Japan in the 1980s and
1990s (a modern example is Gaki no Tsukai), to surveillance – or voyeurism – focused production
such as Big Brother.

Critics say that the term “reality television” is somewhat of a misnomer and that such shows
frequently portray a modified and highly influenced form of reality, with participants put in exotic
locations or abnormal situations, sometimes coach to act in certain ways by off-screen handlers, and
with events on screen manipulated through editing and other post-production techniques.

Part of reality television’s appeal is due to its ability to place ordinary people in extraordinary
situations. For example, on the ABC show, The Bachelor, an eligible male dates a dozen women
simultaneously, travelling on extraordinary dates to scenic locales. Reality television also has the
potential to turn its participants into national celebrities, outwardly in talent and performance programs

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such as Pop Idol, though frequently Survivor and Big Brother participants also reach degree of
celebrity.

Some commentators have said that the name “reality television” is an inaccurate description of
several styles of program included in the genre. In competition-based programs such as Big Brother
and Survivor, and other special-living-environment shows like the Real World, the producers design
the format of the show and control the day-to-day activities and the environment, creating a completely
fabricated world in which the competition plays out. Producers specifically select the participants,
and use carefully designed scenarios, challenges, events, and setting to encourage particular behaviours
and conflicts. Mark Burnett, creator of Survivor and other reality shows, he agreed with this
assessment, and avoids the word “reality” to describe his shows; he said that, “I tell good stories. It
really is not reality TV. It really is unscripted drama.”

1. In the first line, the writer say “it is claimed” because __________.

A. he wants to distance himself from the statement

B. he totally disagrees with the statement

C. everybody except the writer agrees with the statement

D. he wants to emphasize that it is his own claim

2. The word demeaning in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to _________.

A. valueless B. humiliating C. despising D. diminishing
D. isolated
3. According to the passage, Reality TV appeals to some because __________.

A. it uses exotic locations

B. it shows eligible men dating women

C. it can turn ordinary people into celebrities

D. it shows average people in exceptional circumstances
4. According to the passage, the program “Pop Idol” ________.

A. is more likely to turn its participants into celebrities than Big Brother

B. turns all participants into celebrities

C. is a dating show

D. is less likely to turn participants into celebrities than Big Brother
5. The term “reality television” is inaccurate __________.

A. for talent and performance programs

B. for special-living-environment program

C. for all programs

D. for Big Brother and Survivor

6. Producers choose the participants _________.

A. to make an imaginary world

B. on the ground of talent

C. to create conflict among other things

D. only for special-living-environment shows

7. The word fabricated in paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to ________.

A. real B. imaginative C. imaginary

8. Which of the following in NOT true according to the passage?

A. Shows like Survivor have good narratives.
B. Mark Burnett thinks the term “reality television” in inaccurate.

C. Reality television has been popular since well before 2000.

D. Japan has produced demeaning TV shows copied elsewhere.

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D. WRITING
XII. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the
following questions.
1. As long as you stay calm, you have nothing to fear from the talk show.

A. You have remained calm for a long time in spite if your fear of the talk show.
B. Talk shows are only intimidating for people who are not extremely calm.
C. Provided you do not get nervous, the talk show won’t go badly for you.
D. Even if you are afraid of the talk show, it is important not to express it.
2. Had she read the reference books, she would have been able to finish the test.
A. If she had read the reference books, she could finish the test.
B. Not having read the reference books, she couldn’t finish the test.
C. Although she didn’t read the reference books, she was able to finish the test.
D. Because she read the reference books, she was able to finish the test.
3. “Jim, why don’t you open a new account on Facebook or Twitter?” said Jane.
A. Jane suggested Jim opened a new account on Facebook or Twitter.
B. Jane suggested Jim opens a new account on Facebook or Twitter.
C. Jane suggested Jim should open a new account on Facebook or Twitter.
D. Jane suggested Jim to open a new account on Facebook or Twitter.
4. This music concert wouldn’t have been possible without your sponsorship.
A. If you didn’t sponsor, this music concert wouldn’t have been possible.
B. Your sponsorship made it possible for this music concert to take place.
C. If it had been for your sponsorship, this music concert wouldn’t have been possible.
D. It’s possible that your sponsorship made this music concert impossible.
5. The New York Times reports that Brad was awarded the first prize.
A. It’s reported that Brad wins the first prize.
B. It’s reported that Brad to be awarded the first prize.
C. Brad is reported to have been awarded the first prize.
D. The first prize is reported to award to Brad.
6. The horror film didn’t come up to our expectations.
A. The horror film fell short of our expectations.
B. We expected the horror film to end more abruptly.
C. We expected the horror film to be more boring.
D. The horror film was as good as we expected.
7. No sooner had I turned on my new PC than there was a strange noise.
A. As soon as there was a strange noise, I turned on my new PC.
B. Scarcely had I turned on my new PC when there was a strange noise.
C. Hardly I had turned on my new PC, there was a strange noise.
D. I had hardly turned on my new PC than there was a strange noise.

XIII. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of sentences
in the following questions.
8. She got so tired of waiting for him. She just got married to another man.

A. She got so tired of waiting for him that at the end she got married to another man.
B. She got so tired of waiting for him while got married to another man.
C. She got so tired of waiting for him afterwards got married to another man.
D. She got so tired of waiting for him as a result got married to another man.

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9. Why do you take an umbrella? It is not even raining.
A. You need not to take an umbrella because it is not even raining.
B. You must not take an umbrella because it is not even raining.
C. You need not take an umbrella because it is not even raining.
D. You cannot to take an umbrella because it is not even raining.

10. We must do something about the problem. It may cost a lot.
A. Costly as it may be, we must do something about the problem.
B. We must do something about the problem of high cost.
C. We must do something about the problem as it will cost a lot.
D. Although costly, the problem must be solved completely.

11. Vinpearl Land fascinates me. I go there every summer.
A. Vinpearl Land fascinates me because I go there every summer.
B. Vinpearl Land is so fascinating since I go there every summer.
C. Fascinated by Vinpearl Land, I go there every summer.
D. I go to Vinpearl Land every summer if I find it fascinating.

12. The pop star went past in her car. I just managed to see her.
A. I just caught sight of the pop star because she went past in her car.
B. Only if she went past in her car, I was just able to see the pop star.
C. I just caught a glimpse of the pop star as she went past in her car.
D. Going past in her car, I just managed to see the pop star.

PART B - VOCABULARY& GRAMMAR

I. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

1. The mass media are _________ of communication, such as books, newspapers, recordings, radio,

movies, television, mobile phones and the Internet.

A. models B. means C. parts D. types

2. TV companies ________ their programmes across the country or even across the world.

A. broadcast B. refresh C. connect D. publish

3. While a sports match has spectators and radio has listeners, television has ________.

A. audience B. witness C. viewers D. commentators

4. I hate _________ newspapers; they’re just full of gossip, scandal and lies!

A. online B. daily C. tabloid D. rubbish

5. There’s a great ________ show on BBC1 tonight. Contestants have to race through a supermarket

as quickly as they can, filling up their trolleys as they go.

A. talk B. game C. quiz D. live

6. On some TV channels, a(n) ________ tells you what the next programme is going to be.

A. journalist B. commentator C. announcer D. producer

7. The _______ involves TV, radio and even electronic forms of communication such as the Internet.

A. media B. press C. network D. telecommunication

8. There’s a(n) _________ in the paper about the Reality Television in Viet Nam.

A. feature B. article C. essay D. announcement

9. I always get the news from my local radio __________.

A. place B. site C. studio D. station

10. Johnny Depp rarely __________ invitations to do interviews.

A. agrees B. accepts C. denies D. approves

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11. How many means of __________ do you use on a regular basis?

A. communication B. communicating

C. communicator D. communicative

12. New digital media forms are more personal and social as they allow people to connect each other

and __________ their experiences.

A. personal B. persona C. personalize D. personify

13. Are you thinking of a career in ________?

A. journal B. journalism C. journalist D. journalistic

14. You don’t actually get a lot of _________ from a news report on radio or TV.

A. informed B. informations C. informative D. information

15. I joined an ________ online course taught by an experienced tutor.

A. interactive B. active C. interaction D. interact

16. Students use the library’s computers to get access _________ the Internet.

A. for B. to C. with D. by

17. Video and computer games have also developed into a _________ media form.

A. mess B. big C. mass D. global

18. It is not always easy to ________ the difference between fact and opinion.

A. make B. say C. do D. tell

19. In my _______, freedom of the press must be maintained.

A. mind B. sight C. view D. thought

20. Media mogul Ronald Morduck has ________ control of another tabloid.

A. made B. given C. found D. taken

21. The issue ________ question is more complex than you think.

A. in B. from C. on D. at

22. Watch _________ for words like “so-called” in articles as they express the writer’s bias.

A. about B. out C. around D. over

23. Most people ___________ the mass media as their main source of information.

A. rely on B. try on C. put on D. hold on

24. The pie chart shows the preferred forms of communication recorded in a survey _________ in

Intel Secondary School in August 2014.

A. carried out B. carried on C. carried away D. carried up

25. Her latest bestseller ________ last month.

A. came out B. went out C. pulled out D. broke out

26. I saw the interview while I was ________ through a magazine at the hairdresser’s.

A. clicking B. picking C. flicking D. ticking

27. The tabloids completely _________ that story about Bruce Willis. It’s not true at all.

A. stood out B. filed in C. made up D. turned over

28. In the early 21st century, with the _______ of mobile communication technology, the mobile

phone has emerged as a new and unique channel.

A. explosion B. explosive C. exploitation D. exploration

29. I’m amazed that the tabloids which are full of rubbish have such big __________.

A. headlines B. articles C. supplements D. circulations

30. Mark Zuckerberg has apologized Facebook users _______ its data privacy scandal in different

media.

A. for B. about C. to D. of

II. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the word(s) CLOSET in meaning to the underline word(s)

in each of the following questions.

1. Each form of mass media has an important impact on society.

A. influence B. pressure C. affection D. role

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2. The programme invited viewers to write in with their ideas.

A. people who watch the programme B. people who sponsor the programme

C. people who produce the programme D. people who edit the programme
3. Journalists can make mistakes, so don’t believe everything you read in the press.

A. publications B. new bulletins

C. reference books D. newspapers and magazines

4. Face-to-face socializing is not as preferred as virtual socializing among the youth.

A. Direct B. Facial C. Available D. Instant

5. She thinks that unfortunately they may not understand the benefits of online information.

A. advantages B. points C. features D. amounts

III. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underline
word(s) in each of the following questions.

1. The library reduced the number of print newspapers and magazines that they used to subscribe to.

A. increased B. decreased C. rose D. fell

2. Using social networks help you keep in touch with friends and family any time.

A. put in with B. keep track of C. lose touch with D. catch up with
3. They had the volume turned down, so I couldn’t make out that they were talking about.

A. reduced the noise B. increased the noise

C. limited the noise D. controlled the noise
4. Teenagers can become addicted to social networking if they can’t control the time they spend

online.

A. dependent on B. hooked on C. indifferent to D. exhausted by
5. New electronic devices have been developed to cater to users’ ever-changing needs.

A. changeable B. unstable C. constant D. predictable

IV. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

1. Linda only ___________ the film after she __________ the book.
A. understood – read B. understood – had read
C. had understood – read D. understood – was reading

2. ________ you ever ________ on TV before you _________ in this reality show?
A. Had – appeared – took part B. Have – appeared – took part
C. Did – appeared – had taken part D. Would – appear – took part
3. I wasn’t sure how Belinda would react because I ________ her long.
A. didn’t know B. wasn’t know
C. hadn’t been knowing D. hadn’t known

4. I wanted to say goodbye to Jerry, but he _________.

A. was already left B. already left

C. had already been leaving D. had already left

5. When we _______ to the airport, I realized that I ___________ my passport at home.
A. got – had left B. got – was left
C. got – left D. had got – had left

6. He __________ the umbrella in his right hand trying to keep his balance.

A. hold B. held C. has been holding D. has held
7. When I met Walters about two years before his death he didn’t seem satisfied. He _________ no

major book since he settled in Uganda.

A. has published B. could have published

C. published D. had published
8. Throughout the campaign we __________ our candidate’s photographs on the walls of public
buildings, hoping to attract women’s votes.

A. have been hanging B. hanged C. hung D. have hung
9. Many of the people who attended Major Gordon’s funeral ________ him for many years.
A. didn’t see B. wouldn’t see C. haven’t seen D. hadn’t seen

10. We were both very excited about the visit, as we _________ each other for ages.
B. didn’t see C. hadn’t seen D. haven’t seen
A. never saw

11. What made you think he _________ in the Royal Air Force?

A. must have to be B. had been C. was being D. had had to be

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12. Without turning my head in the direction of gate I __________ a small object just under the fence.

A. spotted B. had spotted C. have spotted D. was spotted

13. With just one exception, the report says, each of the trees that was cut down _________ very

expensive treatment for periods of up to ten years.

A. had to be under B. was under

C. has undergone D. had undergone

14. They _________ married for two years or so when Roy employed a very attractive Indian secretary

in his Glasgow office.

A. only have been B. were only

C. have only been D. had only been

15. I know too little Dutch to have understood what they were talking about. What I _________ was

that their boss would be there the next morning. B. didn’t understand

A. did understand

C. have understood D. could have understood

16. The driver _______violently and managed to stop the car just inches from the body lying on the

road.

A. was braking B. has braked C. braked D. had braked
17. Seeing Peter’s handwriting on the envelope, she _________ the letter without reading it. She has

not mentioned it ever since.

A. was tearing B. tore C. had torn D. has torn

18. A columnist __________ in writing a newspaper or a magazine.

A. believes B. concentrates C. responds D. specializes

19. A lot of residents had to __________ from the unexpected hurricane last month.

A. protect B. recover C. suffer D. save

20. The society tries to deal ________ young offenders _________ a variety of ways.
A. to – by B. about – to C. with – in D. around – from
21. After some debate the Moors have agreed to exclude abstract art __________their daughter’s

wedding list.

A. out of B. from C. off D. beyond

22. The aircraft, which originally headed ________Heathrow, had to make an emergency landing at

Orly.

A. for B. on C. at D. into

23. Her negligence resulted ________ the loss of a major contract ________ the company.
A. to – from B. for – over C. in – for D. into – about
24. The windows of the class were covered _______ so much dirt that we couldn’t see ______ them.
A. in – about B. with – through C. of – with D. up – across
25. ______ such an educated woman, she has very little common sense. Don’t you agree _____ me?
A. Of – about B. From – to C. Through – upon D. For – with
26. She’s longing ________ the day when they can move out _________ the city.
A. with – of B. for – of C. by – for D. for – from

27. You can never rely _______ Anna to provide you _________ information.
A. of – with B. for – to C. on – with D. on – by
28. I don’t need a car, we live _________ easy reach of the shops.

A. upon B. within C. at D. towards
29. We couldn’t figure _______ why the editor-in-chief had changed his mind about the article.

A. out B. up C. down D. through

30. In the hospital, the case was diagnosed as pneumonia. Before that, she had been treated

__________ hay fever.

A. for B. on C. against D. from

- THE END -

M. V. Lomonosov Secondary and High school 72 English 12

PRACTICE TEST 4 School year: 2021 - 2022
MARK: …………
(Time allotted: 60 minutes)

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined part differs

from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions.

Question 1: A. loved B. appeared C. agreed D. coughed

Question 2: A. thereupon B. thrill C. threesome D. throne

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word that differs from the other

three in the position of primary stress in each of the following questions.

Question 3: A. television B. information C. economic D. engineer

Question 4: A. achievement B. argument C. confinement D. involvement

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the

following questions.

Question 5: Digital media have a great _________ on people's lives and society.

A. decision B. dependence C. opinion D. influence

Question 6: But for the fact that I had owed him a favor, I ________ to help him.

A. would have agree B. wouldn’t have agreed C. couldn’t agree D. would agree

Question 7: People become contaminated ______directly from household products ____ by eating

contaminated seafood and animal fats.

A. either / or B. neither / nor C. either / nor D. neither / or

Question 8: All of us should be aware of that Internet is very useful for us but it also has lots of

disadvantages so while ________ the web be alert!

A. surfing B. surf C. surfed D. to surf

Question 9: Total weight of all the ants in the world is much greater than ________.

A. is of all human beings B. that of all human beings

C. to all human beings D. all human beings is that

Question 10: So far Tina ________ in several movies already. It is just the matter of time before

she becomes famous.

A. appeared B. has appeared

C. has been appearing D. was appearing

Question 11: The benefits of the Internet of social media are ________.

A. enormous B. huge C. large D. gigantic

Question 12: It is quite ________ of young people to vent their anger on social media.

A. characteristic B. habitual C. opinion D. influence

Question 13: Mass have proven to be a (an) ______part of people's lives as hardly anyone can live

without them.

A. unique B. popular C. diverse D. inseparable

Question 14: Most people rely ________ on the mass media as their main source of information.

A.increasingly B. heavily C. remarkably D. considerably

Question 15: Because of cyberbullying, many Internet users delete their social ________.

A. accounts B. nicknames C. passwords D. profiles

Question 16: ________, we tried our best to complete it.

A. Thanks to the difficult homework

B. Despite the homework was difficult

C. Difficult as the homework was

D. As though the homework was difficult

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Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that best combines each
pair of sentences in the following questions.
Question 17: He spent all his money. He even borrowed some from me.
A. As soon as he borrowed some money from me, he spent it all.
B. Hardly had he borrowed some money from me when he spent it all.
C. Not only did he spent all his money but also he borrowed some from me.
D. Not only did he spend all his money but he borrowed some from me as well.

Question 18: Some economists argue that new technology cause unemployment. Others feel that it
allows more jobs to be created.
A. Arguing that new technology causes unemployment, other economists, feel that it allows more
jobs to be created.
B. Besides the argument that new technology causes unemployment, some economists feel that it
allows more jobs to be created.
C. Some economists argue that new technology causes unemployment whereas others feel that
it allows more jobs to be created.
D. Some economists argue that new technology causes unemployment, so others feel that it allows
more jobs to be created.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to

the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.

Question 19: In England, schooling is compulsory for all children from the age of 5 to 16.

A. put into blush B. put on clothes C. put into force D. taken off

Question 20: Jim has an adequate knowledge of chemistry.

A. slight B. sufficient C. rare D. considerable

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning

to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.

Question 21: This school faced the burden of bad debts and a poor reputation.

A. relief B. stress C. freedom D. responsibility

Question 22: Any student who neglects his or her homework is unlikely to do well at school.

A. puts off B. looks for C. attends to D. approves of

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needs

correction in each of the following questions.

Question 23: There are about 500 species of poisonous snakes, 200 of them are harmful to men.

A B CD

Question 24: The Concord can fly across the Atlantic without re- fueling and carrying 11 tons of

A BC

freight.

D
Question 25: Several people have apparent tried to change the man’s mind, but he refuses to listen.

AB CD

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the
correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks.

Sharing Videos On The Web

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When people are looking for a great way to (26) ________ themselves of boredom, videos found
on the Internet are often the perfect solution. Such websites as YouTube, Dailymotion, and Vimeo
have become so popular that they are known to get millions of visits each day.

YouTube is known for allowing people to create their own videos and share them with the world
It is (27) ________YouTube that enormous amounts of interest in certain videos can be created. So
many people watch them that the interest (28) ________ from person to person is almost exponential.

Another site that is similar to YouTube is called Vimeo. Although it acts as a direct competitor to
YouTube, Vimeo has more of a concentration on longer videos. However, the (29) ________ is the
same in which the service allows users to share their videos with a very wide audience on the Internet.

There is quite a bit of criticism about video sharing websites, and much of it states that the majority
of the (30) ________ are not even remotely worth watching. Since anyone can post practically
anything, the argument against the criticism is weak. Nevertheless, of the millions upon millions of
worthless videos that are produced, occasionally something filters to the top and makes the world stop
to watch it.

Question 26: A. prevent B. take C. relieve D. stop
Question 27: A. through B. by C. with D. for
Question 28: A. existed B. generated C. made D. performed
Question 29: A. concept B. thinking C. theory D. strategy
Question 30: A. presentations B. performances C. products D. offerings

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the
correct answer to each of the questions.

Increasing numbers of parents in the U.S. are choosing to teach their children at home. In fact,
the U.S. Department of Education has estimated that in 1999, about 850,000 children were being
homeschooled. Some educational experts say that the real number is double this estimate, and the
ranks of homeschooled children seem to be growing at the average rate of about eleven percent every
year.

At one time, there was a theory accounting for homeschooling: it was traditionally used for
students who could not attend school because of behavioral or learning difficulties. Today, however,
more parents are taking on the responsibility of educating their own children at home due to their
dissatisfaction with the educational system. Many parents are unhappy about class size, as well as
problems inside the classroom. Teacher shortages and lack of funding mean that, in many schools, one
teacher is responsible for thirty or forty students. The children are, therefore, deprived of the attention
they need. Escalating classroom violence has also motivated some parents to remove their children
from school.

Although there have been a lot of arguments for and against it, homeschooling in the U.S. has
become a multi-million dollar industry, and it is growing bigger and bigger. There are now plenty of
websites, support groups, and conventions that help parents protect their rights and enable them to
learn more about educating their children. Though once it was the only choice for troubled children,
homeschooling today is an accepted alternative to an educational system that many believe is failing.

Question 31: The number of parents who want to teach their own children in the U.S. is ________.

A. remaining unchanged B. remaining the same

C. going up D. going down

Question 32: The past participle “homeschooled” in the first paragraph is best equivalent to

“________at home”.

A. taught B. self-learned C. untaught D. self-studied

Question 33: This estimated number was presented by ________.

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A. a governmental office B. school teachers

C. the parents D. homeschooled children

Question 34: According to some experts, the exact number of homeschooled children then must be

________.

A. 1,600,000 B. 850,000 C. 1,900,000 D. 1,700,000

Question 35: The closest synonym of the participle phrase “accounting for” in the second paragraph
is “________.”

A. explaining B. reasoning C. counting for D. calculating

Question 36: The noun “dissatisfaction” in this paragraph is best equivalent to “________.”

A. disappointment B. disagreement C. discrimination D. discouragement

Question 37: Many parents stop their children from going to school because it is now too________

for them.

A. explosive B. expensive C. dangerous D. humorous

Question 38: The attitude of the author towards homeschooling can be best described as ________.

A. acceptable B. favorable C. remarkable D. unfavorable

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning
to each of the following questions.

Question 39: Alan was too unfit to take part in the race.
A. Alan was so fit that he was not allowed to take part in the race.
B. Alan couldn’t take part in the race because he was too ill.
C. Alan was not enough fit to take part in the race.
D. Alan was not fit enough to take part in the race.

Question 40: Even though all their money had been returned, they continued to complain.
A. They continued to complain but all their money had been returned.
B. They kept on complaining in spite of being given a full refund.
C. They didn’t stop complaining until all their money had been returned.
D. They didn’t stop complaining after they had been returned most of their money back.
Question 41: He didn’t realise how talented he was until he started work.
A. Only when he started work did he realise his talent.
B. He realised how talented he was just before he started work.
C. Not only did he start work but he also realised his talent.
D. How talented was he when he started work.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the most suitable response to complete

each of following exchanges.
Question 42: An and Thomas are university students. They are talking about An’s first English test.

Select the most suitable response to fill in the blank.
An: “My first English test was not as good as I expected” -Thomas: "________"

A. Good Heavens! B. Never mind, better job next time!

C. That's brilliant enough! D. It's okay. Don't worry.

Question 43: Peter and John are taking the exam.

Peter: - “Would you bother if I had a look at your paper?” John: - “________ ”

A. You’re welcome. B. Well, actually I’d rather you didn’t.

C. That’s a good idea. D. Oh, I didn’t realize that.

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Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the
correct answer to each of the questions.

Fighting Back against Bullying
It is often said that childhood is the most joyful period in a person's life. This is supposed to be a
time when children can focus on their studies and enjoy their free time with friends. However, these
days more and more children are experiencing a stressful and miserable adolescence due to bullying.
Bullying occurs when one student, or a group of students, uses aggression to harm another child
and try to make them feel bad. This abuse can either be physical, such as pushing or beating another
student, or it could take the form of mental abuse, such as taunting and teasing the student.
Although it may seem harmless to some, studies show that bullying can greatly impact a child's life
and have long-lasting negative effects. People who have been bullied may experience self-esteem
issues and start to lack confidence in almost everything they do. These traits can make it difficult to
manage relationships and even cause them to have trouble holding down a steady job.
One of the most harmful types of bullying that is on the rise is cyberbullying. The bullied student
is targeted in cruel or threatening e-mails, instant messages, or hateful public posts about them. In
many cases, bullies will post embarrassing pictures of the victim or spread nasty rumours about them
through social media. In some tragic cases, children have even turned to suicide, feeling that they can't
deal with the humiliation.
If you are being bulled by another student, you don't have to accept it or suffer. There are some
steps you can take to deal with the problem. At first, you may try to ignore the bully, as they will often
lose interest in bothering you if you don't react. If the bullying persists, however, you should tell a
trusted adult as soon as possible. This could be a parent, a family friend, a teacher, a school guidance
counselor, or even the school principal. Until recently, many teachers and school officials turned a
blind eye to bullying, believing that the students would eventually sort it out by themselves. But this
mindset has changed in recent years in light of some of the tragedies that have occurred. If for any
reason you feel that your complaints are not being taken seriously, there are other groups available
online who will help you deal with bullying. By dealing with bullying at an early stage, you can stop
it before it gets much worse.

Question 44: What can we infer from the passage?

A. Some of the worst bullies today are adults.

B. Bullying is probably not as serious as you think.

C. Bullying is a natural part of growing up.

D. The issue of bullying has got worse lately.
Question 45: The word “them” in the second paragraph refers to ________

A. victims B. parents C. acts of bullying D. studies

Question 46: What effects can bullying have on a person?

A. It can make them uncomfortable and feel bad.

B. It can teach them valuable lessons about life.

C. It can help them to develop a better sense of humour.

D. It can drive them to get a better job.

Question 47: Which of the following sentences defines cyberbullying?

A. It is an organization that stops online bullying.

B. It is a way to bully children over the Internet.

C. It is a way that bullies physically punish their victims.

D. It is a website where students talk about bully problems.

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Question 48: The phrase "turned a blind eye to" in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to

________.

A. became blind B. ignored C. concerned D. escaped

Question 49: What does the author suggest that students should do if someone starts to bully them?

A. Tell an adult the first time it happens.

B. Start a fight with the bully to make them scared.

C. Try not to show too much emotion to the bully.

D. Prove to the bully that you have other friends.

Question 50: Nowadays, the community has ________.

A. taken notice of the problem of bullying more seriously

B. turned a blind eye to bullying

C. focused on solving cyberbullying alone

D. left the responsibilities for the school to solve the problem

- THE END –

M. V. Lomonosov Secondary and High school 78 English 12

School year: 2021 - 2022

CHUYÊN ĐỀ UNIT 4:

TOPIC: Prepositions after certain verbs and adjectives

I. Kinds of preposition
1. Giới từ chỉ thời gian (Prepositions of time):
• IN (trong, vào) được dùng để chỉ các buổi trong ngày (ngoại trừ at night), tháng, năm, mùa, thập
niên, thế kỷ hoặc khoảng thời gian ở tương lai.

Ex: in the morning, in January, in 1990, in the summer, in the 1990s, in the 20th century,

in the Middle Age, in ten minutes
IN TIME: đúng lúc, kịp lúc

Ex: Will you be home in time for dinner?
• AT (vào lúc) được dùng để chỉ thời điểm hoặc các kỳ nghỉ (tòan bộ những ngày trong kỳ nghỉ)
Ex: at 6 o’clock, at night, at noon, at midnight, at bedtime, at dawn, at the weekend,

at Christmas, at New Year, at Easter
At : được dùng trong một số cụm từ chỉ thời gian: at the moment, at present, at the same time, at

once, at that time, at first, at last
• ON (vào) được dùng để chỉ ngày trong tuần, ngày tháng trong năm, ngày trong kỳ nghỉ hoặc các
buổi trong ngày cụ thể.

Ex: on Monday, on 5th January, on Christmas Day, on Monday morning, on one’s birthday
ON TIME: đúng giờ

Ex: The train arrived right on time.
• FOR (trong) + khoảng thời gian: for two months, for a long time
• SINCE (từ, từ khi) + mốc thời gian: since last Monday, since 2002
• UNTIL/ TILL (đến, cho đến): until 5 o’clock, till midnight
• BEFORE (trước, trước khi): before lunchtime
• AFTER (sau, sau khi): after luchtime
• DURING (trong, suốt): during World War II
• BY (vào lúc): by the end of May
• FROM … TO (từ … đến): from morning to noon
2. Giới từ chỉ nơi chốn (Prepositions of place):
• AT (ở, tại) được dùng để chỉ vị trí tại một điểm.

Ex: at home, at school, at the bus stop, at the airport, at the office, at the cinema, at the seaside, at
the grocer’s, at the top/ bottom, at the beginning/ end, at the front/ back
* Lưu ý: arrive at the village/ the airport/ the railway station

But: arrive in Vietnam/ Ho Chi Minh City
• IN (trong, ở trong) được dùng để chỉ vị trí trong một diện tích, một không gian; dùng trước tên
đường, tên thị trấn, thành phố, quốc gia, miền, phương hướng hoặc dùng với các phương tiện đi lại
bằng xe hơi (car).

Ex: in a box, in a small room, in the countryside, in the world, in Oxford Street, in London, in

Vietnam, in the east, in a car/ taxi
* Lưu ý: in a car (trong xe hơi), but: by car (bằng xe hơi)
• ON (trên, ở trên) được dùng để chỉ vị trí trên bề mặt, số tầng trong một tòa nhà, trước tên đường
(US) hoặc dùng với một số phương tiện đi lại.

Ex: on the table, on the wall, on the ground, on the first floor, on Albert Street, on a bus/ train/

plane/ (motor)bike/ horse, on foot
On cịn được dùng trong một số cụm từ: on the left/ right, on the farm, on the coast/ beach, on TV/
radio…
• ABOVE/ OVER (bên trên – không tiếp xúc với bề mặt)

Ex: Her name comes above mine on the list.
The sign over the door said: “Exit”.

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• UNDER/ BELOW (ở dưới, dưới)

Ex: The shoes are under the chair.

The temperature has fallen below zero.
• IN FRONT OF (ở phía trước), BEHIND (ở phía sau), IN THE MIDDLE OF (ở giữa)

Ex: I hung my raincoat in front of/ behind the door.
• NEAR (gần)

Ex: Is there a train station near here?
• NEXT TO, BY, BESIDE (bên cạnh, kế bên)

Ex: Peter is standing by the gate.
• BETWEEN (ở giữa hai người/ vật), AMONG (ở giữa nhiều người/ vật)

Ex: Tom is sitting between Mary and Peter.

Tom is among the crowd.
• INSIDE (ở bên trong), OUTSIDE (ở bên ngòai)

Ex: Luckily, no one was inside the building when it collapsed.
• OPPOSITE (đối diện)

Ex: They sat opposite each other.
3. Giới từ chỉ sự chuyển động (Prepositions of movement):
• TO (đến)

Ex: He goes to school by bus.
• FROM … TO (từ … đến)

Ex: How far is it from New York to California?
• THROUGH (xuyên qua)

Ex: They walked through the woods.
• ACROSS (ngang qua)

Ex: The children ran straight across in front of our car.
• ROUND/ AROUND (quanh)

Ex: The earth moves round/ around the sun.
• ALONG (dọc theo)

Ex: We had a walk along the river bank.
• UP (lên)/ DOWN (xuống)

Ex: We followed her up the stair.
• TOWARD(S) (về phía)

Ex: Mary stood up and walked towards Peter.
4. Một số giới từ khác:
- Giới từ chỉ mục đích: for, to, in order to, so as to (để)
- Giới từ chỉ nguyên nhân: for, because of, owning to (bởi vì)
- Giới từ chỉ phương tiện: by, with (bằng), through (nhờ qua)
- Giới từ chỉ thể cách: with ( với), without (không có)
- Giới từ chỉ sự tương quan: according to (tùy theo), instead of (thay vì), in spite of (mặc dù)

PRACTICE

1. _____ time _____ time I will examine you on the work you have done.

A. From / to B. At / to C. In / to D. With / to

2. This village is inhabited _____ tens of thieves.

A. with B. to C. by D. for

3. God has bestowed _____ me many graces.

A. on B. for C. to D. with

4. Make a comment _____ this sentence!

A. to B. in C. on D. of

5. He’s a very wealthy man; a few hundred pounds is nothing _____ him.

A. for B. with C. to D. about

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6. She does not show much affection _____ him.

A. with B. in C. for D. on

7. The clerk _____ that counter said those purses were _____ sale.

A. in/ for B. at/ on C. at/ in D. on/ on

8. He bought me dinner to make up _____ being so late the day before.

A. of B. up C. for D. off

9. Old people like to talk _____ past memories.

A. in B. with C. on D. about

10. You should comply _____ the school rules.

A. to B. about C. with D. in

11. The people next door are furious _____ us _____ making so much noise last night.

A. at/ with B. with/ for C. for/ to D. about/ in

12. The Vietnamese participants always take part _____ sports events with great enthusiasm.

A. in B. on C. at D. to

13. He isn’t independent _____ any means. He depends _____ his father _____ everything.

A. by/ on/ in B. for/ on/ in C. of/ on/ for D. on/ in/ with

14. He may be quick _____ understanding but he isn’t capable _____ remembering anything.

A. in/ of B. on/ at C. at/ of D. of/ at

15. Mum is always busy _____ her work in the laboratory.

A. with B. at C. in D. of

16 Lan will stay there _____ the beginning in September _____ November.

A. from/ to B. till/ to C. from/ in D. till/ of

17. I would like to apply _____ the position of sales clerk that you advised in the Sunday newspaper.

A. for B. to C. with D. in

18. I have been looking _____ this book for months, and at last, I have found it.

A. over B. up C. for D. at

19. My sister is very fond _____ eating chocolate candy.

A. of B. with C. about D. at

20. Who’s going to look _____ the children while you’re away?

A. at B. up C. after D. Over

21. A fluent English speaker is giving us some advice_______ how to improve my pronunciation.

A. of B. to C. with D. on

22. ______ autumn, the yard in front of my house is covered ______ leaves.

A. In/on B. In/with C. On/on D. On/with

23. I look forward ______ hearing from you. I haven’t seen you ______ages.

A. to/for B. to/by C. on/of D. with/at

24. The office will be closed ______ Christmas and New Year.

A. on B. in C. at D. of

25. We will eat a lot of moon cakes ______ Mid-Autumn Festival.

A. on B. in C. over D. from

26. We can live ______ a dormitory______ campus.

A. on/in B. on/of C. during/in D. in/on

27. I am aware ______ Mark’s reputation ______ being late.

A. of/with B. over/off C. with/by D. of/for

28. She is extremely well-qualified ______ the job.

A. for B. with C. at D. by

29. That man was fined ______ dynamite fishing.

A. with B. at C. for D. on

30. The government should encourage the residents to use public buses instead ______ motorbikes.

A. on B. of C. over D. towards

31. Did you hear ______ the fight in the club on Saturday night?

A. in B. about C. over D. of

32. She’s very old. She needs someone to look ______ her.

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A. over B. after C. on D. with

33. He often dreams ______ travelling to America.

A. of B. off C. with D. after

34. I didn’t have enough money to pay ______the meal.

A. by B. on C. for D. with

35. He has suffered ______ lung cancer for ages.

A. on B. from C. over D. towards

36. He shouted ______ me from the other side of the street.

A. with B. at C. for D. on

37. The police are searching ______ the escaped prisoner.

A. in B. on C. for D. of

38. That’s a good idea. Why didn’t I think ______ that?

A. about B. from C. after D. with

39. They arrived ______ this gas station ______ 5 o’clock yesterday.

A. on/at B. on/on C. at/at D. to/at

40. I was watching TV ______ 9 ______ 12 o’clock yesterday.

A. from/to B. from/with C. from/until D. until/to

41. She will be ______ home ______ Tuesday afternoon.

A. at/in B. at/on C. on/in D. in/on

42. You shouldn’t believe ______ everything you read ______ the newspaper.

A. in/from B. in/by C. on/from D. on/by

43. The course starts ______ November 3th and ends ______ January.

A. on/on B. on/at C. on/in D. in/in

44. ______ first, we didn’t like each other, but ______ the end we are good friends.

A. On/on B. In/at C. At/at D. In/with

45. I was disappointed ______ the grade I received in Math.

A. on B. over C. by D. with

46. Are you interested ______ listening to pop music ?

A. on B. in C. by D. with
47. My father hasn’t met my uncle ______ last month.

A. since B. from C. after D. with

48. Some fashion designers have taken inspiration ______ Vietnam’s ethnic minorities.

A. in B. for C. from D. over

49. Products made ______ China is not very popular in Vietnam.

A. on B. with C. in D. of

50. It’s compulsory ______ students to study P.E.

A. by B. on C. for D. with

- THE END -

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UNIT 5- CULTURAL IDENTITY

LANGUAGE FOCUS:
- Pronunciation: - Assimilation
- Grammar: - Review: the present perfect vs. the present perfect continuous

- Repeated comparatives to say that something is changing

PART A

A. PHONETICS

I. Choose the word that has the underlined part pronounced differently from that of the others.

1. A. because B. nurse C. horse D. purpose

2. A. cultures B. customs C. ideas D. migrants

3. A. passed B. realized C. touched D. wished

4. A. international B. nation C. national D. nationality

5. A. language B. massage C. marriage D. shortage

II. Choose the word that has the main stress placed differently from that of the others.

1. A. anthem B. appear C. attire D. attend

2. A. unify B. unicorn C. union D. unite

3. A. deliver B. endanger C. attention D. opposite

4. A. circumstance B. considerate C. community D. identity

5. A. concentrate B. diagnose C. festival D. scenery

B. VOCABULARY & GRAMMAR
I. Fill in each blank in the sentences with the correct word from the box.

cultural identity attire multicultural maintain diverse
cultural practices customs unique
cultural diversity assimilate

1. Dying languages and urbanization are threats to _____________________.
2. When people of different cultures come together to celebrate and share their different traditions, it
is an example of a(n) _____________________ celebration.
3. In many circumstances, the _____________________ is a conservative business suit, but it can
range from a dinner jacket to blue jeans.
4. Shaping a stone tool is one of the oldest ____________________, and it still takes great skills and
knowledge.
5. A positive attitude helps language students _____________________ their interest in learning long
enough to achieve their goals.
6. Many of the different aboriginal groups in North America speak their own
_____________________ language.
7. Jane had to _____________________ a great deal of information on the first day of her new job.
8. The orchid family of flowers is the most _____________________ plant family found in nature.
9. Vietnamese _____________________ of weddings, funerals, holidays and rituals all are attracted
to village community.
10. The ways a person dresses and behaves in public are distinct examples of
_____________________ and belief patterns.

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II. Choose the best answer by underlining the given words.
1. When Helen moved to Japan, she had to quickly assimilate/assemble a new language into her
vocabulary.
2. His behavior and thought/attire suggested the seaman rather than a man of art.
3. His paintings were so cheap/unique as to require no signature of identification.
4. My sister works hard to maintain/build close friendships with the students she studied with in
London.
5. People from national/diverse cultures were invited to the event.

III. Put the verbs in brackets in the present perfect or the present perfect continuous.
1. Where have you been? _______________________ (you/play) football?
2. You look tired. _______________________ (you/work) hard?
3. “Sorry, I’m late”
“That’s all right. I _______________________ (not/wait) long”
4. “Is still raining?”
“No, it _______________________ (stop).”
5. I _______________________ (read) the book you lent me but I _______________________ (not
finish) it yet.
6. I _______________________ (read) the book you lent me, so you can have it back now.
7. With their win yesterday, that team_______________________ (move) into second place in the
table.
8. As house prices in the city have risen, people _______________________ (move) into the
countryside.
9. An important file _______________________ (disappear) from my computer.
10. Plants and vegetables _______________________ (disappear) from my garden since we had new
neighbors.

IV. Give the correct form of the words in brackets, using repeated comparatives.
1. The company expanded rapidly. It grew _______________________ all the time. (big)
2. Cathy got _______________________ in her job. In the end she left. (bored)
3. My bags seemed to get _______________________ as I carried them. (heavy)
4. As I waited for my interview, I became _______________________. (nervous)
5. Health care is becoming _______________________. (expensive)
6. As the conversation went on, Paul became _______________________. (talkative)
7. These days, _______________________ people are learning English. (many)
8. The company’s share price went ___________. (high)
9. Life got _______________________ for the boss, Bob Watts, as the company became
_______________________. (good-successful)
10. When the public pays more attention to Komodo dragons, their population increases
_______________________. (quickly)

V. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the
following questions.
1. The (A)balloon (B)got (C)big and big and then (D)burst.
2. We (A)are tired. We (B)cleaned (C)the house (D)since this morning.

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3. (A)Because of they are a very (B)close-knit family, there is probably (C)nothing that can break
their (D)solidarity.
4. They (A)go to (B)the church (C)every Sunday to (D)praise their god.
5. People (A)take an effort to (B)dress nicely and (C)wear traditional (D)costumes.
6. It gets (A)more difficult to (B)understand what the (C)professor (D)has explained.
7. We (A)think what they (B)did recently (C) is (D)necessary.
8. Culture is the (A)underlying foundation of traditions and (B)believes that (C)help a person (D)relate
to the world around them.
9. Christmas is (A)so a popular holiday that it’s (B)no surprise that the Japanese (C)celebrate it as
(D)well.
10. There (A)were a lot of people (B)on the bus. It was (C)the most crowded than (D)usual.

READING
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct word or phrase
that best fits each of the numbered blanks.

Because writing has (1) __________ so important in our culture, we sometimes think of it as
more real than speech. A little thought, however, will show why speech is primary and writing
secondary to language. Human beings have been (2) __________ (as far as we can tell from surviving
evidence) for at least 5000 years; but they have been talking for much longer, doubtless ever since
there have been human beings.

When writing did develop, it was derived (3) __________ and represented speech, although
imperfectly. Even today there are spoken languages that have no written form. Furthermore, we all
learn to talk well before we learn to write; any human child who is not severely handicapped physically
or (4) __________ will learn to talk: a normal human being cannot be prevented from doing so. On
the other hand, it takes a special effort to learn to write. In the past many intelligent and useful members
of society did not (5) __________ the skill, and even today many who speak languages with writing
systems never learn to read or write, while some who learn the rudiments of those skills do so only
imperfectly.

1. A. become B. becoming C. became D. becomes
2. A. written B. wrote C. writing D. writes
3. A. of B. on C. about D. from
4. A. mental B. mentally C. healthily D. healthy
5. A. need B. have C. acquire D. take

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each
of the questions.

The custom of paying a bride price before marriage is still a well-established part of many
African cultures. In paying a bride price, the family of the groom must provide payment to the family
of the bride before the marriage is allowed. The bride price can vary greatly from culture to culture in
Africa. In the Zulu and Swazi tribes of southern Africa, the bride price often takes the form of cattle.
In Western African, kola nuts, shells, and other goods are often used for the payment of the bride price.
The actual payment of money sometimes takes place, but the payment of goods is more frequent. The
amount of paid in a bride price can also vary. In modern times, the bride price is occasionally quite
small and its value is mainly symbolic. However, the bride price can still be quite high, especially
among prominent or highly traditional families.

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There are a number of justifications used to explain the payment of bride price. The first is
that the bride price represents an acknowledgement of the expense the bride's family has gone in order
to raise her and bring her up as a suitable bride for the groom. It also represents payment for the loss
of a family member, since the bride will officially become a member of her husband's family and will
leave her own. On a deeper level the bride price represents payment for the fact that the bride will
bring children into the family of the groom, thereby increasing the wealth of the family. This concept
is reinforced by the fact that the bride price must often be returned if the bride fails to bear children.
The payment of the bride price has quite a number of effects on African society. First, the payment of
bride price acts to increase the stability of African family structures. Sons are dependent on their fathers
and older relatives to help them pay the bride price of their wives, and this generally leads to greater
levels of obedience and respect. The negotiations between the two families concerning the bride price
allow the parents and other family members to meet and get to know one another before the marriage.
Finally, since the bride price must often be repaid in case of divorce, the bride's family often works to
make sure that any marital problems are solved quickly. Bride prices also work as a system of wealth
distribution in African cultures. Wealthier families can afford to support the marriage of their son, and
thus their wealth is transferred to other families.

1. According to paragraph 1, all of the following are true of the bride price EXCEPT ______.

A. its amount and form can vary B. its practice is occasionally only symbolic

C. it is a relatively new practice in Africa D. it is higher among traditional families

2. Why does the author mention “the payment of money” in paragraph 1?

A. To stress that the use of goods in the payment of bride price is most common.

B. To demonstrate the differences in how rich and poor families pay the bride price.

C. To illustrate how the practice of bride price has changed over time.

D. To demonstrate how expensive a bride price can be sometimes.

3. The word "prominent" in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to _______.

A. educated B. important C. religious D. conservative

4. The phrase "The first" in paragraph 2 refers to the first _________.

A. marriage B. bride price C. payment D. justification

5. It can be inferred from the paragraph 2 that African families ________.

A. never see their daughters after marriage

B. pay the bride price on the day of the wedding

C. place more value on men than women

D. place great importance on childbirth

6. The author uses the word "marital" to indicate that the problems are related to ________.

A. money B. law C. marriage D. pregnancy

7. Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A. Sometimes the bride’s family has to return the bride price to the groom’s for equal distribution of

wealth.

B. The initial negotiations over the bride price provide opportunities for 2 families to meet each other.

C. Animals are not an acceptable form of payment when it comes to paying the bride prices.

D. Without having to pay the bride price, African men would not respect their family members.

WRITING
Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the
following questions.

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1. Jenny is so creative that we all can rely on her for original ideas.
A. Creative as Jenny is, we can rely on her for original ideas.
B. Being creative, we can all rely on Jenny for original ideas.
C. So creative is Jenny that we all can rely on her for original ideas.
D. Jenny is such creative girl that we all can rely on her for original ideas.
2. In the class of twenty, Jack is the third best student.
A. Jack is not as smart as most of the other students.
B. The class has only three smart students.
C. Two students in the class are smarter than Jack.
D. No other students in the class is as smart as Jack.
3. “Why don’t you get your haircut, Gavin?” said Adam.
A. Adam suggested that Gavin should have his haircut.
B. It was suggestible that Adam get Gavin’s haircut.
C. Adam advised Gavin to cut his hair.
D. Gavin was suggested to have a haircut.
4. As far as I am concerned, you can do whatever you like.
A. What you like is not as much as what I am concerned about.
B. You can do what you like providing that it is not too far.
C. I am concerned about what you like.
D. In my opinion, you can do what you like.
5. I’m certain that Joe attended ceremony as he can vividly recount the event.
A. Joe needn’t have attended the ceremony as he can vividly recount the event.
B. Joe mightn’t have attended the ceremony as he can vividly recount the event.
C. Joe could have attended the ceremony as he can vividly recount the event.
D. Joe must have attended the ceremony he can vividly recount the event.
6. The referee brought the football game to a halt. He blew his whistle.
A. The referee stopped playing football and blowing his whistle.
B. The referee stopped the football game before he blew his whistle.
C. Having stopped the football match, the referee blew his whistle.
D. The referee brought the football game to a halt by blowing his whistle.
7. The meeting was put off because of pressure of time.
A. There was not enough time to hold the meeting.
B. People wanted to get away, so the meeting began early.
C. The meeting is planned to start in a short time.
D. The meeting lasted much longer than usual.

Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of sentences in
the following questions.
1. The leader failed to explain the cause of the problem. He did not offer any solutions.
A. Though the leader failed to explain the cause of the problem, he did not offer any solutions.
B. The leader failed to explain the cause of the problem so he did not offer any solutions.
C. The leader failed to explain the cause of the problem nor did he offer any solutions.
D. The leader failed to explain the cause of the problem because he did not offer any solutions.
2. She is intelligent. She can sing very well.
A. Intelligent as she is, she also can sing very well.
B. Not only is she intelligent but she can also sing very well.

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C. She is intelligent, so she can sing very well.
D. Not only intelligent is she but she also can sing very well.
3. We discussed the product for a week. We decided to choose the one with bright colour.
A. We discussed the product for a week, then we decided to choose the one with bright colour.
B. We discussed the product for a week or we decided to choose the one with bright colour.
C. We discussed the product for a week, in deed , we decided to choose the one with bright colour.
D. We discussed the product for a week because we decided to choose the one with bright colour.
4. Solar power has environmental advantages. It’s not easy to make full use of them.
A. Because solar power has environmental advantages, it’s not easy to make full use of them.
B. solar power has environmental advantages, so it’s not easy to make full use of them.
C. Despite their environmental advantages, it’s not easy to make full use of solar power.
D. Although solar power has environmental advantages, but it’s not easy to make full use of them.
5. Human beings have destroyed the environment for a long time. They are now paying a high price
for this.
A. Because having destroyed the environment for a long time, human beings are now paying a high
price for this.
B. Having destroyed the environment for a long time, human beings are now paying a high price for
this.
C. On destroying the environment for a long time, they are now paying a high price for this.
D. After being destroyed for a long time; the environment is now paying a high price.

PART B- VOCABULARY& GRAMMAR

I. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of following questions.

1. How long _______ Gerry?

A. has you been knowing B. have you know

C. have you been knowing D. have you known

2. How many times ________ New York?

A. has Charles been visiting B. has Charles visited

C. have Charles been visiting D. have Charles visited

3. She _________ French words for hours, but she still doesn’t remember all of them.

A. has been learning B. has been learnt

C. has learnt D. have been learning

4. My father __________.

A. has never smoked B. have never smoked

C. has never been smoking D. have never been smoking

5. Oh dear, the light __________ all night.

A. has been burning B. has burnt

C. has burned D. have burning

6. We __________ Lisa recently. B. haven’t seen
A. hasn’t seen

C. haven’t been seeing D. haven’t been seen

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7. I ________ fifteen phone calls this morning.

A. has been making B. have been making

C. have been made D. have made

8. _________ anything so strange in your life?

A. Have you ever been hearing B. Have ever you been hearing

C. Have you ever heard D. Have you ever heared
9. You’re red in the face. __________

A. Has you ran? B. Have you been runned?

C. Have you ran? D. Have you been running?

10. The sun __________ since this morning.

A. has shining B. has shined

C. has shone D. has been shining

11. How long _________ the drums?

A. have you been playing B. you have played

C. have you playing D. have you played

12. The phone bill is enormous. You ________ your boyfriend in Australia, ________?

A. have been called – have you B. have called – haven’t you

C. have been calling – haven’t you D. has called – hasn’t you

13. He ________ on his essay all day, but he __________ yet.

A. has been writing – has not finished B. has writing – has not been finished

C. have been written – have not finished D. has written – has not been finishing

14. John _________ for the government since he graduated from Harvard University. Until recently,

he ________ his work, but now he is talking about retiring.

A. has been working – has not enjoyed B. has writing – has been finishing

C. has worked – has been enjoying D. has worked – have enjoyed

15. Lately, I _______ about changing my career because I __________ dissatisfied with the

conditions at my company. B. have been thinking – have been become
A. have been thinking – have become D. have thought – have been becoming
C. have thought – have become

16. My job gets _________ every year.

A. harder and harder B. harder and more harder

C. more harder and harder D. more and more harder

17. She’s getting over her operation. She feels _________.

A. gooder and gooder B. better and better

C. more better and better D. more and more better

18. The market for tables is becoming __________ all the time.

A. competitiver and competitiver B. more and more competitive

C. more competitiver and competitiver D. more competitive and competitive

19. My dad’s eyesight is getting __________. He can hardly see anything these days.

A. more worser and worser B. more and more worser

C. worse and worse D. worser and worser

20. It’s time you tidied your room. It’s getting ___________.

A. messier and messier B. more Messier and messier

C. more messy and messy D. more and more messy

II. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

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1. Increasing your vocabulary will make it easier for you to _______ reading comprehension skills.

A. fit B. allow C. use D. assimilate

2. Because they are a very close-knit family, there is probably nothing that can break their _______.

A. share B. contribution C. solidarity D. group

3. Culture serves a(n) __________ to a group, ensures survival and enhances the feeling of belonging.

A. similarities B. difference C. identity D. interest

4. They go to church every Sunday to __________ their God.

A. celebrate B. worship C. support D. follow

5. Each ethnic group has its own cultural identities, thus, the Vietnamese culture has both

__________ and unity.

A. difference B. variety C. similarity D. diversity

6. We spend a lot of time together as a family, which sometimes is the best way to learn about

________.

A. customs B. habits C. activities D. establishment

7. Studies show that children are exposed to a more __________ community are more creative and

tolerant of differences.

A. various B. similar C. differently D. diverse

8. Culture is the lens with which we evaluate everything around us; we __________ what is proper

or improper, normal or abnormal, through our culture.

A. express B. evaluate C. calculate D. signal

9. Most of the ethnic groups in the United States adjust to mainstream America, but may still

__________ many of their cultural customs and their native ethnic language.

A. retain B. limit C. hold D. contain

10. Cultural identity must be __________ and locals should be encouraged to continue their traditions

in the wake of tourism.

A. protected B. insured C. assured D. confirmed

11. Touring the small villages of Vietnam by bicycle was a(n) __________ experience.

A. existing B. general C. particular D. unique

12. Combining physical activity with a healthy diet is the best way to __________ a healthy body

weight.

A. provide B. support C. maintain D. express

13. Our identity is __________ as a result of how others view us and how we view ourselves.

A. constructed B. drawn C. designed D. imagined

14. Cultural identity is the __________ of being included in a group or culture.

A. opinion B. consideration C. feeling D. sense

15. Multiculturalism is a system of beliefs and __________ that respects the presence of all diverse

groups in a society, and encourages their contribution.

A. reactions B. benefits C. functions D. behaviors

III. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined

word(s) in each of the following questions.

1. When it comes to diversity, language can be a bridge for building relationships, or a tool for creating

and maintaining divisions across differences.

A. assimilation B. distinction C. uniformity D. variance

2. The situation got out of hand when the festival organizer couldn’t foresee that the mob would get

angry because they were stopped from taking the offerings.

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A. hard to complete B. difficult to control

C. impossible to find D. unlikely to happen

3. A number of practices at local festivals have come under strong scrutiny in recent years.

A. approval B. attention C. disapproval D. examination

4. Local people believe that the festival is an opportunity to teach younger generations about

patriotism and bravery.

A. heroism B. justice C. loyalty D. truth

5. A smiling Princess Anne was attired in an aqua-blue hat and matching jacket, with white top.

A. caught B. grabbed C. revealed D. shown

6. This is especially important in the age of globalization, where countries face a daunting challenge

to preserve their own cultural identities.

A. intimidating B. delighting C. encouraging D. urging

7. The Indigenous experience, like with any form of belonging, is highly fluid and context-specific,

meaning there are countless examples of what such cultural pluralities can look like.

A. countable B. uncountable

C. too few to count D. too many be counted

8. Steve Kootenay-Jobin, Aboriginal housing coordinator at Mount Royal University, notes that many

Indigenous students who move to the city for education, encounter culture shock.

A. avoid B. confront C. overcome D. wipe out

9. Culture has been described as features that are shared and bind people together into a community.

A. divide B. engage C. force D. unite

10. Once you have been accepted as a pupil or student at the school or college, it’s against the law

for them to discriminate against you because of your religion of belief.

A. judge B. neglect C. misinterpret D. expel

IV. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underline

word(s) in each of the following questions.

1. They fear that with the enactment event taken off, the festival may fade away in obscurity.

A. darkness B. dimness C. fuzziness D. sharpness
2. Launched by the federations and foundations, Group’s brands find local expression through the

promotion of social solidarity and culture.

A. division B. identity C. teamwork D. unity

3. Many ethnic groups find it hard to maintain their own languages.

A. continue B. discontinue C. preserve D. speak

4. The custom of worshiping ancestors is a beautiful, rich, and colorful and joyful tradition in

Vietnamese culture.

A. blaming B. praying C. honoring D. respecting

5. He said he was only joking, but his comments were so close to the bone.

A. annoying B. offensive C. personal D. respectful

6. Hispanics are expected to abandon their heritage to live in the US.

A. adopt B. discard C. drop out D. withdraw

7. For this reason, many immigrant flock to this country in search for new beginnings and better lives.

A. crowd B. gather C. group D. spread

8. Cultural changes in identity can be stressful and result in problems with self-esteem and mental

health.

A. anxiety B. confidence C. dissatisfaction D. modesty

- THE END -

M. V. Lomonosov Secondary and High school 92 English 12

PRACTICE TEST 5 School year: 2021 - 2022
MARK: …………
(Time allotted: 60 minutes)

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined part is

pronounced differently from that of the rest in each of the following questions.

Question 1: A. played B. helped C. formed D. loved

Question 2: A. example B. exhibit C. exactly D. excellent

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word that differs from the other

three in the position of the primary stress in each of the following questions.

Question 3: A. belief B. culture C. custom D. value

Question 4: A. establish B. enable C. critical D. successful

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the

following questions.
Question 5: “Look what Pat ______ me for my birthday! A bike!”

A. was giving B. have been giving C. gives D. has given

Question 6: “There’s my wallet! I ______ for it for ages.”

A. have been looking B. looked C. have looked D. look

Question 7: Thanks to globalization, countries around the world a getting ______ to one another.

A. the closest B. closer and closer C. as close as D. the closer

Question 8: If school union does nothing about those students with culture shock, their situation will

get ______.

A. more and more serious B. more serious and more serious

C. more and most serious D. the most serious

Question 9: Shortage of land and funding is blamed for the city’s ______ green space.

A. inefficient B. inaccurate C. inadequate D. indispensable

Question 10: Retail sales volume in local urban and rural areas rose 57.8 per cent and 46.8 per cent,

______, over February 1995.

A. individually B. accordingly C. correspondingly D. respectively

Question 11: “If no one can soon ______ a good solution, we’re going to be in trouble”, the board

chair warned.

A. come up with B. put up with C. catch up with D. check up with

Question 12: Goodness, economy, and honesty are regarded as some universal ______ a man should

have.

A. habits B. customs C. characters D. virtues

Question 13: The interviewees are supposed to give their answers to the job offers ______.

A. on the spot B. all in all C. beyond the joke D. within reach

Question 14: The children often make ______ of Charles, which annoys his parents very much.

A. allowance B. fun C. way D. consideration

Question 15: You are not allowed to drive ______ the influence ______ alcohol.

A. under/ of B. in/ of C. under/ by D. by/in

Question 16: She was overwhelmed with honor ______ recognition ______ her bravery.

A. with/ of B. on/ in C. by/ about D. in/ of

Question 17: The ______ department is planning a training program for the new members of staff.

A. personal B. personnel C. professional D. purchasing

M. V. Lomonosov Secondary and High school 93 English 12

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Question 18: The largest system serving e-mail messengers is the internet, a ______ of millions of

computers linked worldwide

A. unity B. combination C. network D. connection

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning

to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.

Question 19: He did his work reluctantly because he did not like the culture of this company.

A. hesitantly B. unwillingly C. voluntarily D. unenthusiastically

Question 20: You shouldn’t expect immigrants to assimilate into an alien culture immediately.

A. become unaccepted B. become excited

C. be alienated D. be identified

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to

the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.

Question 21: She was angry because he disregarded her feelings in this matter.

A. did not ignore B. discharged

C. paid no attention to D. considered

Question 22: During the 10 years working in Germany he accumulated huge knowledge of German

customs.

A. made B. expanded C. collected D. increased

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the most suitable response to complete

each of the following exchanges.

Question 23: Matt and Jelly are classmates. B. That’s great. Have a good time.
-Matt: “I feel nervous. I’ve got an exam today.”
-Jelly: “______”
A. Cheer ups! Things can’t be that bad!

C. Poor you! That happens to me sometimes D. Good luck! Do your best.

Question 24: Pete is talking to his mom

-Pete: “I feel really depressed at the moment. Nothing’s going right in my life.”

-Pete’s mom: “______.”

A. I know. We really need some sunshine, don’t we? B. Cheer up! Things can’t be that bad!

C. I’m sorry to hear that, but I’m sure he’ll be alright D. That’s good. I’m pleased to hear it.

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needs

correction in each of the following questions.
Question 25: Don’t go out for lunch until you finished typing these letters.

AB CD

Question 26: Each star has a predominant color, which depend on its surface temperature.

AB CD

Question 27: The distribution of copper, like that of gold, does not appear to be related to any

AB C

particularly type of rock.

D

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the
correct word and phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks.

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Cultural identity is self-identification, a sense of (28) _____to a group that reaffirms itself. It
is the extent to which one is a representative of a given culture behaviorally, communicatively,

psychologically and sociologically. It consists (29) _____ values, meanings, customs and beliefs used

to relate to the world. It reflects the common historical experiences and shared cultural codes (30)
_____ give us as one entity a stable, unchanging, continuing frame of reference and meaning. People’s

judgments about whether they or others belong to a cultural group can be influenced by physical

appearance, ancestral origin or personal behavior (dressing, speech, holidays, and celebrations). A

historical event, political conditions, who is present, situation/site of interaction and public discourse,

also affects cultural identity. Cultural identity is dynamic and constantly evolving. It covers the entire

life (31) _____ of a human being and changes every moment based on (32) _____ context. Cultural
identity is the constantly shifting understanding of one’s identity in relation to others.

Question 28: A. belong B. belongs C. belonging D. belonged

Question 29: A. of B. on C. in D. about

Question 30: A. who B. whose C. when D. which

Question 31: A. cycle B. span C. circle D. longevity

Question 32: A. social B. society C. socializes D. socially

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each
of the questions.

Culture shock is the loss of emotional balance, disorientation, or confusion that a person feels
when moving from a familiar environment to an unfamiliar one. When it is a common experience, the
degree to which it occurs will vary from one person to another. Individual personality, previous cross-
cultural experience, and language proficiency all affect a person's ability to interact socially in the new
culture. The basic cause of culture shock is the abrupt loss of all that is familiar, leading to a sense of
isolation.

When an individual enters a strange culture, all or most of those familiar signs and hints are
removed. He or she is like a fish out of water. No matter how broad-minded or good-willed he may
be, a series of properties have been knocked from under him. This may be followed by a feeling of
frustration and anxiety. People react to the frustration in much the same way. First they reject the
environment which causes the discomfort: "The ways of the host country are bad because they make
us feel bad."

Another aspect of culture shock is regression. The home environment suddenly assumes a
tremendous importance, and everything becomes irrationally glorified. All difficulties and problems
are forgotten and only the good things back home are remembered. It usually takes a trip home to bring
one back to reality.

Common symptoms of culture shock include the following extremes. These are excessive
concerns over delays and other minor frustrations; fear of being cheated, robbed or injured;
sleeplessness or a desire to sleep more; and a great longing to go home. Underlying all these is the
uncomfortable feeling of not really belonging, of being an outsider.

Question 33: Culture shock is basically caused by _____.

A. difficulties in using the language B. being unable to make friends

C. feeling desperately homesick D. being away from all that is familiar

Question 34: According to the passage, the degree of culture shock which one feels varies _____.

A. from person to person B. from country to country
C. in accordance with a person’s age D. in accordance with one’s nationality

Question 35: The first response a person tends to have when setting foot on a new land is_____.

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A. feeling frustrated B. fearing to be cheated

C. having a sense of losing something D. having a sense of being abandoned

Question 36: A home-coming trip will _____.

A. draw you back to reality B. make you remember all the good things

C. make you forget the troubles D. help you solve the problems

Question 37: Which is NOT a symptom of culture shock?

A. Longing to go back home B. Longing to travel

C. Having fear of being cheated D. Feeling to be an outsider

Question 38: Which word has the similar meaning with the word “broad-minded”?

A. tolerant B. narrow-minded C. generous D. massive

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each
of the questions.

Diffusion, the process of introducing cultural elements from one society into another, occurs
in three basic patterns: direct contact, intermediate contact, and stimulus diffusion. In direct contact,
elements of a society’s culture may be adopted first by neighboring societies and then gradually spread
farther afield. The spread of the manufacture of paper is an example of extensive diffusion by direct
contact. The invention of paper is attributed to the Chinese Ts’ai Lun in A.D. 105. Within fifty years,
paper was being made in many places in central China. By 264 it was found in Chinese Turkmenistan,
and from then on the successive places of manufacture were Samarkand (751), Baghdad (793), Egypt
(about 900), Morocco (about 1100), and France (1189). In general, the pattern of accepting the
borrowed invention was the same everywhere. Paper was first imported into each area as a luxury,
then in ever-expanding quantities as a staple product. Finally, usually within one to three centuries,
local manufacture started.

Diffusion by intermediated contact occurs through the agency of third parties. Frequently,
traders carry a cultural trait from the society that originated it to another group. As an example of
diffusion through intermediaries, Phoenician traders spread the alphabet, which may have been
invented by another Semitic group, to Greece. At times, soldiers serve as intermediaries in spreading
a culture trait. During the Middle Ages, European soldiers acted as intermediaries in two ways: they
carried European culture to Arab societies of North Africa and brought Arab culture back to Europe.
In the nineteenth century Western missionaries brought Western-style clothing to such places as Africa
and the Pacific islands.

In stimulus diffusion, knowledge of a trait belonging to another culture stimulates the invention
or development of a local equivalent. A classic example of stimulus diffusion is the creation of the
Cherokee syllabic writing system by a Native American named Sequoya. Sequoya got the idea from
his contact with the English; yet he did not adopt the writing system nor did he even learn to write
English. He utilized some English alphabetic symbols, altered others, and invented new ones.

Question 39: The passage mainly discuss how _____.

A. cultures retain their unique characteristics

B. cultural elements transfer from one culture to another

C. paper came into general use

D. economies grew through trade and manufacturing
Question 40: The word “attributed” in the passage is closest in meaning to _____.

A. credited B. presented C. promised D. limited

Question 41: The word “successive” in the passage is closest in meaning to _____.

A. specialized B. principal C. prosperous D. subsequent

M. V. Lomonosov Secondary and High school 96 English 12

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Question 42: The word “it” in the passage refers to ______

A. diffusion B. contact C. trait D. society

Question 43: According to the passage, a change that occurred in Africa and the Pacific Islands as a

result of the arrival of missionaries was ______.

A. an increase in the presence of soldiers B. variation in local style of dressing

C. the manufacture of paper D. the introduction of alphabetical systems

Question 44: In stating that the Cherokee writing system is a classic example, the author means that

this example is especially ______.

A. representative B. understandable C. difficult D. old

Question 45: What did Sequoya do?

A. adopt the English writing system for use in Cherokee

B. study English intensively in order to learn write it

C. teach English to Cherokee Native Americans

D. create a Cherokee writing system based on elements of the English alphabet

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning

to each of the following questions.

Question 46: You used to be more studious two years ago than you are these days.

A. You were less studious two years ago than you are these days.

B. You study less these days than you did two years ago.
C. You aren’t so studious these days as you were two years ago.

D. You are more and more studious over the last two years.

Question 47: When the robber pointed the gun to her head, she immediately did what he wanted.

A. On pointing the gun to her head, she immediately did what he wanted.

B. On pointing the gun to his head, she immediately did what he wanted.

C. She immediately did what he wanted when the gun pointed to his head.

D. When being pointed the gun to her head, she immediately did what he wanted.

Question 48: Driving at that speed is dangerous on this road, whether you are an experienced driver

or not.

A. No matter how dangerous the road is, you are an experienced driver.

B. No matter how experienced you are, driving at that speed is dangerous on this road.

C. However experienced you are, driving at that speed on this road is not dangerous.

D. As you are an experienced driver, driving at that speed is dangerous on this road.

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that best combines each

pair of sentences in the following questions.

Question 49: His new girlfriend is very lazy. She spends money wastefully.

A. Not only was his girlfriend very lazy but she also spent money wastefully.

B. His girlfriend is very lazy, but she spends money wastefully as well.

C. His girlfriend spends money wastefully but she is also very lazy.

D. Not only is his girlfriend very lazy but spends money wastefully also.
Question 50: What a pity that the TV packed up! We can’t watch the world news now.

A. Had the TV not packed up, we could have watched the world news now.

B. If the TV had not packed up, we could watch the world news now.
C. If the TV didn’t pack up we could watch the world news now.

D. If it hadn’t been for the TV packed up, we could watch the world news now.

- THE END -

M. V. Lomonosov Secondary and High school 97 English 12

School year: 2021 - 2022

CHUYÊN ĐỀ UNIT 5:

COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS
(So sánh tính từ và trạng từ)

I. So sánh bằng (Equality)

AS + adjective / adverb + AS
not AS / SO + adjective / adverb + AS

Ex: I am as tall as my brother. (Tôi cao bằng anh trai tôi.)
He cannot run so/ as fast as his friends.
(Anh ấy không chạy nhanh bằng bạn bè.)

- As much/ many (+ noun) as được dùng đề nói về số lượng.
Ex: I have not read as many books as my teacher advises me.
(Tôi không đọc nhiều sách như thầy tôi khuyên.)
John does not earn as much money as his wife does.
(John không kiếm được nhiều tiền bằng vợ.)

- Cấu trúc the same (+ noun) as cũng có thể được dùng.
Ex: Laura’s salary is the same as mine, or Laura gets the same salary as me. (Lương của Laura
bằng lương của tôi.)

II. So sánh hơn (Comparative)
1. So sánh nhiều hơn
- Thêm -er vào sau tính từ/ trạng từ có một âm tiết (short adjective/ adverb) và tính từ có hai âm
tiết tận cùng bằng y, et, le, er, ow.
- Thêm more vào trước tính từ/ trạng từ có hai âm tiết trở lên (long adjective/ adverb), ngoại trừ
các tính tận cùng bằng y, et, le, er, ow.

short adjective / adverb + ER + than
MORE + long adjective / adverb + than

Ex: Country life is simpler than city life.
(Đời sống ở miền quê đơn giản hơn đời sống ở thành phố.)
John works harder than his brother.
(John làm việc chăm chỉ hơn anh trai anh ấy.)
Gold is more expensive than silver. (Vàng đắt hơn bạc.)
Jane speaks French more fluently than Mary.
(Jane nói tiếng Pháp lưu loát hơn Mary.)

- Với danh từ: more + noun + than
Ex: I have more books than Peter does. (Tôi có nhiều sách hơn Peter.)

2. So sánh ít hơn

LESS + adjective + than

Ex: This picture is less valuable than that one.
(Bức tranh này ít giá trị hơn bức tranh kia.)

- Với danh từ: less + noun + than
Ex: I have less free time than I used to.
(Tôi có ít thời gian rảnh rỗi hơn trước đây.)

III. So sánh nhất (Superlative)

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1. So sánh nhiều nhất
- Thêm -est vào sau tính từ/ trạng từ ngắn (short adjective/ adverb) và tính từ có hai âm tiết tận

cùng bằng y, et, le, er, ow.
- Thêm most vào trước tính từ/ trạng từ dài (long adjective/ adverb).

the + short adjective / adverb + EST
the MOST + long adjective / adverb

Ex: Tom is the tallest in our class. (Tom là người cao nhất lớp tôi.)

Which watch is the most expensive in your shop?
(Cái đồng hồ nào đắt nhất trong cửa hàng của anh?)
- So sánh nhất được dùng khi so sánh từ ba đối tượng trở lên. Khi trong nhóm chỉ có hai đối tượng,
ta thường dùng so sánh hơn.

Ex: I like Betty and Maud, but I think Maud is the nicer of the two.
2. So sánh ít nhất

the least + adjective

Ex: This hotel is the least comfortable of the three.
(Khách sạn này ít tiện nghi nhất trong ba khách sạn.)

Lưu ý:
- Much, far, a lot được dùng để nhấn mạnh so sánh hơn.

Ex: She is much/ far/ a lot more intelligent than I think.
(Cô ấy thông minh hơn tôi nghĩ nhiều.)

- Trong hình thức so sánh, tính từ ngắn đứng trước tính từ dài.

Ex: My car is faster and more comfortable than hers.
(Xe hơi của tôi nhanh hơn và tiện nghi hơn xe của cô ấy.)

• Hình thức so sánh bất quy tắc: → the best
good / well → better → the worst
bad / badly → worse → the most
many / much → more → the least
little → less → the farthest / the furthest
far → farther / further

IV. So sánh kép (Double comparative)
1. So sánh lũy tiến (càng ngày càng)

short adj / adv + ER + and + short adj / adv + ER
MORE / LESS and MORE / LESS + long adj / adv

Ex: The summer is coming. It gets hotter and hotter.
(Mùa hè đang đến. Trời càng ngày càng nóng.)
He is shooting more and more accurately.
(Anh ta ném bóng ngày càng chính xác.)
The environment is less and less pure.
(Môi trường ngày càng ít trong lành.)

2. So sánh đồng tiến (càng... càng)

the + comparative adj / adv + the + comparative adj / adv

Ex: The shorter the line (is), the faster the service (is).

M. V. Lomonosov Secondary and High school 99 English 12

School year: 2021 - 2022

(Hàng người càng ngắn, phục vụ càng nhanh.)

The more dangerous it is, the more I like it.
(Việc càng nguy hiểm tôi càng thích.)
More, less có thể được dùng với danh từ trong cấu trúc này.

Ex: The more trees we cut, the more floods we suffer.
(Càng chặt nhiều cây, chúng ta càng bị nhiều lũ lụt.)

The less you work, the less money you earn.
(Bạn càng làm việc ít, bạn càng kiếm được ít tiền.)

PRACTICE

Choose a, b, c, or d that best completes the sentence.

1. New York is _______ Seattle.

A. larger than B. more large than C. as larger than D. more larger than

2. Our house is _______ yours.

A. as big than B. as bigger as C. bigger than D. more big than

3. City life is _______ country life.

A. as busier as B. busier than C. more busier than D. most busy as

4. Of the two, the round table is _______.

A. the nicest B. a nice one C. nicer D. the nicer

5. I feel _______ better than I did yesterday.

A. a little B. more C. a few D. many

6. There is nothing _______ travelling abroad.

A. more interesting than B. more interesting as

C. as interesting than D. the most interesting than

7. He finds physics _______ other science subjects.

A. far more difficult than B. much difficulter than

C. too more difficult than D. more much difficult than

8. His car is _______ mine.

A. more expensive and faster than B. faster and more expensive than

C. more faster and expensive than D. more expensive than and faster than

9. The cuisine of France is _______

A. more famous than that of England B. famous than the cuisine of England

C. more famous than which of England D. as famous than that of England

10. Russian is a _______ language to learn than English is.

A. difficult B. more difficult C. most difficult D. more and more

difficult

11. He has _______ his sister does.

A. as friends as B. more friends as C. many friends than D. more friends than

12. There are _______.

A. twice as much computers in our office as there was

B. as twice many computers in our office as they were

C. twice as many computers in our office than there used to be

D. twice as many computers in our office as there used to be

13. Silver is not _______ gold,

A. as much heavy as B. so heavy than

M. V. Lomonosov Secondary and High school 100 English 12