Revise Social Studies book 4 for ctp 2077t

Approved by Government of Nepal, CDC, Sanothimi, Bhaktapur.

Shubharambha

Social Studies & Creative Arts

Book~4

Author
Mrs. Sangeeta Thebe

Editors

Maj. Gen. (R) Ananta Bahadur Thebe
Mr. Dharmendra Timsina

Shubharambha Publication Pvt. Ltd.

Kathmandu, Nepal

Shubharambha

Social Studies & Creative Arts

Book~4

Published by:

Shubharambha Publication Pvt. Ltd.
Kathmandu, Nepal

Edition:

First : 2070 B.S.
Revised: 2072 B.S.
Revised: 2073 B.S.
Revised and Updated : 2075 B.S.

Layout:

Sachin Maharjan

©Copyright:

Publisher

Art work:

Rajendra Rana Magar

ISBN: 978-9937-579-27-8

Printed in Nepal

Preface

About the book

Shubharambha Social Studies series is a thoughtfully prepared

series of text books for school children. The series has two sets of books:
Primary Level – KG to V and Secondary Level VI to X. It is designed
especially for the children of private and boarding schools. The series is
purely based on the curriculum prescribed by Curriculum Development
Center (CDC), Government of Nepal.

While preparing the series, my own long social studies teaching and
social studies text books writing experiences, present day social-economic-
political environment and above all children’s psychology have been my
guide lines. I hope the series will be effective in enhancing and consolidating
the children’s creativity and interest in learning social studies in the present
day environment. I am also confident that the series will fulfill CDC/
Government of Nepal’s objectives and address the needs and expectations
of students and teachers alike.

Series’ Salient Features:

• Purely based on the curriculum prescribed by CDC, Government of
Nepal.

• Each unit objectives are well focused, duly aimed and amply
covered.

• Appropriately graded series for fulfilling the requirements of the
students in the changing domestic and international environment.

• Prepared keeping in mind students’ age, psychology, and modern
teaching - learning techniques, methodologies and philosophies.

• Contents presented in orderly and logical fashion strictly following
the CDC syllabus.

• Concepts developed gradually from simple to complex order to
facilitate easy understanding and assimilation.

• Simple language, own environment based examples, interesting
concepts and multi-coloured illustrations.

• Interesting, stimulating and fun filled activities for quick learning and
assimilation included.

• Lessons are presented in interesting ways such as stories, dialogues,
letters, biographies etc with appropriate pictures and own environment
based examples.

• Social norms, values, traditions, historical facts and correct geographical
setting are given due attention.

• Social, ethnic, religious, cultural, geographical diversities and gender
equality are well considered.

• Wide varieties of exercises, in-class activities and community based
project works included.

• Creativity, imagination and children centered fun filled arts and crafts
for primary level.

• Designed and developed to engaging and involving the children in the
learning process physically and mentally.

• Students- centric and teacher-friendly concept incorporated.
• Teacher’s note for effective teaching- learning activities and purposeful

use of textbooks.
• Attractive and children friendly design, layout, illustrations, colour and

concept.

I highly welcome and appreciate constructive opinion and valuable
comments and suggestions from experts, teachers and intellectuals. I would
like to express my sincere thanks to the Publisher, language editors, layout and
designer, my students and to those who inspired me to write and have been
involved in bringing out this series.

My sincere gratitude and special thanks goes to Mr. Sujan Acharya, and
Mr. Narayan Kumar Khadka for their valuable suggestions and opinions to
edit this series very sincerely.

Author

Table of Content

Unit 1 Me, My Family and My Neighbours Page No.
7
Respecting Our Neighbours
Occupations and Tools 8
Learnt A Great Lesson 12
Helping Others Brings Happiness 16
20

Unit 2 Our Traditions, Social Values and Norms 23

Riya: A Responsible Sister 24
Our Rich Culture and Tradition 28
Some Festivals & Ceremonies 32
A Beautiful Town: Panauti 36
Learn From Dilshova 40

Unit 3 Social Problems and Solutions 43

Our Trouble Gone 44
Say No To Bad Habits 48
Bad Customs and Superstitions 52
Bad Customs Must Be Ended 56
Service Giving Institutions 60

Unit 4 Civic Awareness 64

Rights of Children & Women 65
Let's Elect Class Monitor 68
Our Natural Resources 71
Good Works are Appreciated 77
A Clean Village Madhuban 81
Follow Traffic Rules 85
Rural Municapilities 89
A Muncipality 93

Unit 5 Our Earth 97

Rupandehi: A District of Nepal 98
Humla: An Interesting District 102
Mother Earth 106

Structure of The Earth 109
India: Our Next Door Neighbour Country 112
China: Another Neighouring Country 116

Unit 6 Our Past 121

My Place & Its History 122
Origin of the Word, Nepal 125
Martyrs Remembered 129

Unit 7 Our Economic Activities 133

Respect of Work 134
Morning Shows 138
Our Products, Our Pride 142
Our Economic Activities 146

Unit 8 Creative Activities 150

Fruit and Vegetable Printing 151
Leaf Printing 152
Spray Painting 153
Paper Collage 155
Object Collage 156
Textured Collage 157
Natural Collage 158
Clay Work 160
Origami is Fun 162
Wire Sculpture 163
Paper Weaving 164
Children Song 166
Class Song 167
National Anthem 169

Glossary 170

Unit -1

Me, My Family and
My Neighbours

Lesson 1 Respecting Our Neighbours
Lesson 2 Occupations and Tools
Lesson 3 Learnt A Great Lesson
Lesson 4 Helping Others Brings

Happiness

Lesson Respecting Our Neighbours

1 Objectives : At the end of this lesson, the students will be able to:
tell the names of their neighbours, and
address them according to age and relation.

Chandani lives with her grandparents, parents, younger brother
and sister in a neighbourhood called ‘Shanti Nagar’. She has many
friends in her neighbourhood. She and her friends are always
ready to offer help to anyone when needed. Today ‘Shanti Nagar’
is beautifully decorated with flowers and colourful papers. Do you
want to know, why? It is Beenu sister's marriage ceremony.

Chandani: Hari and mother, you must be very busy. Did Binod
brother call you and Beenu sister from Quatar? Brother must be

Note to the teacher: Encourage the students to show respect to their neighbours by knowing their
names and addressing them according to their age and relation.

8 Social Studies & Creative Arts Book Four

very happy to know about his sister’s marriage. Are father, mother
and brother not coming for Beenu's marriage?

Father: Chandani, of course, he is very happy. He wanted to come,
but he could not get leave. However, he is not much worried. He
knows that the neighbours of Shanti Nagar are like our own family.

Chandani: You are right. We all are like a family. We are happy to
help each other. Our parents have sent us here to help you. By the
way, Tulsi and grandmother have called me to their home. My
friends Ramila and Jyoti are coming here to help you. I too will be
coming right back.

Grandfather : Is that you Chandani? Good! You came in time. Come
in. You must be tired. There is some homemade curd for you.

Chandani: Where is grandmother? I don’t see her around. Has she
gone to fetch water from the nearby stone tap?

Grandfather: No, she hasn’t gone. In fact, she isn’t feeling well.
She’s suffering from cold since yesterday. We both can’t come to
Beenu's marriage ceremony. There is some milk that I milked in
the morning. Could you take it to Hari and sister-in-law? They may
need it in the marriage ceremony.

Chandani: Of course, Tulsi. It’s needed for the pooja. I’ll take it to
them. I will also tell them that grandmother is sick and you can’t
come to the wedding.

On her way back, Chandani meets Riddiman and his wife.

Chandani: Riddiman and Phulmati, what’re you doing in the field?
Are you not coming to Beenu's marriage ceremony?

Riddiman Uncle: Of course, we’ll. Chandani, we’re plucking some
fresh cauliflowers, tomatoes and carrots. We are going to take
these to Hari. These may come to be useful for them. These can
be used as curry, salad and pickle. Brother and sister in law will be
happy, won’t they?

Social Studies & Creative Arts Book Four 9

Chandani: Yes, uncle/aunt! You’re so nice and thoughtful. By the
way, where are Kamal brother and Kalpan sister. I don’t see them.
Phulmati Aunty: Chandani, they’ve gone to collect their dresses
from the tailor. They want to wear new dresses at Beenu's marriage
ceremony.
Chandani: They’ll enjoy and have lots of fun. Now I must go and
help Hari and mother. They are alone. On the way, I want to meet
Manbahadur and Dilmaya, father's sister. I haven’t met them for
a long time, I also have to find out whether they have got the
invitation for the marriage.

10 Social Studies & Creative Arts Book Four

Evaluation Activities:

Write the names of your six neighbours. Mention how you address
them:

Name of your neighbours How do you address them?

How do you address them by relation? Write in the given space.

a. Father’s mother: ……………………………………….
b. Mother’s father: ……………………………………………..
c. Father’s brother: ………………………………………………
d. Mother’s brother: ……………………………………………..
e. Father’s sister: ………………………………………………….

Find their pair from the given boxes to match and complete the
relation.

Buhari Phupaju Buba Maiju Bhenaju Bhauju

a. Phupu: ……………..................................………….............................
b. Daju: …………….................................…………................................
c. Mama: …………….................................…………..............................
d. Didi: ……………..................................…………................................
e. Bhai: …………….........................………….........................................
f. Muma: ……………...............................………..................................

What respectful words do you use when you address your
elders?

I can address my neighbours .................................................................

Social Studies & Creative Arts Book Four 11

Lesson Occupations and Tools

2 Objectives : At the end of this lesson, the students will be able to:
know the uses of different types of occupational tools.
learn to keep them in proper place to be safe and secure.

People follow different types of occupation to make their living.

There are different types of tools used in different occupations.
Use of such tools makes people’s works easier and faster.

The given table shows the types of occupation and tools used:

Occupation Nature of Names of Uses of Tools Place to
Work Some Tools Keep

Farmer Plough To burrow/till Should be
land kept far
from the
Sickle To cut grass/ reach of
Grows crops children.

crops and To dig soil Can be
vegetables. Garden rake kept in a

Bamboo To carry and separate
Basket put crops and place or
vegetables in box or
storeroom.

Carpenter Hand- saw To cut wood Should

Makes Hammer be kept in
furniture, To drive the a proper

door, nail place. They
window,
bed desk, Plainer can be
bench, To make wood kept in a

etc. plain and carpentry
smooth tool box for

Screwdriver To fix the nail safety.

Note to the teacher: Let the students know the names of different occupations and tools related
to them. They should know the uses of such tools. Students should also be made aware that these
tools can hurt if used carelessly.

12 Social Studies & Creative Arts Book Four

Tailor Sewing To sew or Should be
Doctor machine stitch dresses kept in a

Makes To cut cloth tool box or
dresses Scissors To sew the
Needle/thread cloth container or
in a proper

place

Stethoscope To check

a patient’s These tools
heart beat are very

Cures sick Thermometer To measure delicate.
people temperature They should

of body be kept in
proper place.

Barber Scissors To cut hair

Cuts our Comb To comb hair Should be
hair kept in a
Shaving
blade To shave drawer or
tool box for

safety

Cobbler Anvil To repair or
Hammer sew shoes Should be
Mends our Needle To drive the kept in a
shoes
nail in cobbler tool
box to be

To sew shoes safe

Social Studies & Creative Arts Book Four 13

Shopkeeper Weight To weigh Should
Balance foods and be kept in
Sells vegetables a proper
foods and
vegetables place.

Mason Spade To work
(Dakarmi)
with cement

/sand Should be

Builds Hammer To break kept in a
house for the brick & store room
us stone or in a box to
Labeling pipe To label the be secure.

walls

14 Social Studies & Creative Arts Book Four

Evaluation Activities:

Name the types of occupation of your family members:

Name any four types of occupation taken in your neighbourhood.
Also mention the tools used by them.

Neighbour’s occupation Tools used by them

Guess the occupation from the given hints and fill in the blanks:

a. I sell meat. I am a b …………………………
b. I fly an aeroplane. I am a p ………………
c. I use chalk and duster. I am a t ………………
d. I help people to go from one place to another. I am a

d ………………
e. I sweep the street to make it clean: I am a s ……………

Think and write. Which occupation should you follow, if :

a. you want to cure sick people? ………………………………….
b. you want people to be educated? …………………………….
c. you want to build houses? …………………………………….
d. you want to make furniture for people? ………………….
e. you want to take care of sick people? ……………………….
f. you want to keep your village or municipality clean? ……

We should know how to use occupational tools safely.

Social Studies & Creative Arts Book Four 15

Lesson Learnt A Great Lesson

3 Objectives : At the end of this lesson, the students will be able to:
learn about the dangerous aspects of tools, and
understand that tools should be used properly.

Paru lives with her grandparents
and parents in a small village. She
has a younger sister. Her name is
Pinky. Paru loves her sister very
much. Her father is a carpenter
and her mother is a tailor. They
both go to work early in the
morning. Their grandparents
love gardening. They grow fresh
vegetables. Indeed, Paru has a
very happy family.

It is holiday today. Paru and
her sister have decided to go to

their mother’s tailoring shop.
They have taken permission
from their grandparents to go
there. They are taking some
food and tea for their mother.
Paru’s mother is happy to see
them at the shop. There are

many customers at the shop.
They have come there to make

dresses for Dasain. Paru’s
mother is very busy at this
time. Paru helps her mother to

fold clothes. She helps her to

Note to the teacher: Students should be told about the dangers of using various occupational
tools. They should not use such tools without the permission and supervision of their elders.

16 Social Studies & Creative Arts Book Four

hang the finished dresses on the hanger. But her sister is too small
to help. She just sits and watches them. She gives sweet smile to
the customers.

Meanwhile, their
mother needs to
go to buy some
colourful threads.
She leaves Paru
and her little
sister in the shop.
She asks Paru
to request the
customers to wait
until she comes
back. Paru is a
good girl. She
agrees to her
mother. As soon as
her mother leaves,
Pinky asks Paru
to make a dress
for her doll. Paru
looks around and
sees some leftover pieces of clothes. She decides to stitch the dress
for her sister’s doll. After all, she wants to make her sister happy.

She has seen her mother stitching dresses many times. She thinks
she can do it. The sewing machine and colourful pieces of cloths
are already there. What she needs now is scissors. She finds the
scissors nearby. She asks Pinky to hold the piece of cloth at one
end. Pinky holds one end of the cloth. Paru begins to cut it with
the sharp scissors. Suddenly, Pinky screams and cries in pain.
Paru gets very frightened. She sees Pinky’s hand bleeding. Paru’s
eyes become wide and her heart starts beating fast. She has cut
her sister’s finger while cutting the cloth. There is a deep cut in

Social Studies & Creative Arts Book Four 17

her sister’s finger. Paru is confused and doesn’t know what to do.
Fortunately, Sita sister from the neighbourhood arrives there. She
finds herself shocked and surprised to see Pinky crying in pain and
blood all over the floor. Paru too is crying as she is frightened and
feeling guilty. Sita quickly tears a piece of cloth and ties around
Pinky’s finger.
Pinky had already lost a lot of blood. Paru requests Sita sister to look
after Pinky for a while. She quickly runs to call her grandparents.
She does not know where her mother is exactly. She tells her
grandparents about the accident. Baburam brother, who is their
next door neighbour is a health worker. He is at home at this
time. Paru’s grandfather requests him to come to help Pinky. When
they reach the shop, the mother is already there. Baburam brother
provides Pinky with first aid.
They take her to health post for further treatment. Paru is guilty of
her mistake. She says sorry to her sister, mother and grandparents.
Her father also comes home hurriedly after hearing about the
accident. Paru’s parents are very upset. They are angry with Paru.
Her grandfather calms them down. He tells them, “Accidents do
happen. It’s not only Paru’s fault. If the scissors were kept in a
safe place, this accident wouldn’t occur”. He also tells Paru, “ You
should not touch or use tools without the permission of elders.
Sharp things can be dangerous. Carelessness can cause serious
accidents”. Everybody learns a lesson from this incident. Paru’s
father, who is a carpenter decides there and then to keep all his
tools in a tool box and keep it far from the reach of children.

18 Social Studies & Creative Arts Book Four

Evaluation Activities:

Write the names of any six tools that could be dangerous if used
carelessly.

Write the names of any five tools you have at home that may be
dangerous if used carelessly.

Tools at home Safe place to keep

Answer the following questions:

a. What does Paru want to do for Pinky?
b. Who gets cut her finger ?
c. What does Paru’s grandfather say?
d. What does Paru’s father decide to do?

Match the occupations and the tools and write the correct
answer in the given blanks.

a. Doctor: a. Scissors

b. Carpenter: b. Needle

c. Barber: c. Broom

d. Tailor: d. Stethoscope

e. Sweeper: e. Hand-saw

Social Studies & Creative Arts Book Four 19

Lesson Helping Others Brings Happiness

4 Objectives : At the end of this lesson, the students will be able to:
know that they should help their neighbours.
learn that they should also ask help to their neighbours.

My dear friend Pratik,

How are you? Please give my regards to your
parents. Pratik, we have a long winter vacation.
So I have come to my maternal uncle's house to
spend my vacation. My maternal uncle's house is
in a village. It is completely different from the
city we live in. There are many family members
in my maternal uncle's house. The people living

in the neighbourhood are like a family. They
know and help each other.

Here live Sharan dai and Seema. Sharan dai is a
teacher. They are our closest neighbours. They
have two children, Rahul and Rani. Rahul is
eight and Rani is four years old. Both of them go

to school. It was Rani's' fifth birthday yesterday.
Seema had invited all the neighbours on her
birthday. We were all excited.

Before the happy birthday celebration was to start, something

unpleasant happened. Sharan got an urgent message. His father
who is living in another village was very ill. He had to leave
immediately to see his sick father. Seema was then left alone
to take care of things. She too got quite disturbed. She was not
that comfortable to carry on the programme. Rani is too small to
understand all these things happening. She would have felt sorry
if there had not been a happy birthday party for her.

So I called all my good friends around the neighbourhood. We

Note to the teacher: Encourage students to know their neighbours .Tell them to provide help to
them and ask for their help when needed.

20 Social Studies & Creative Arts Book Four

gathered at the village shade. We decided not to make Rani sad.
We agreed to do something for her. Some of my friends’ parents
have shops in the village. They gave us sweets, balloons and toys.
My maternal aunt baked a nice birthday cake. My friends brought
whatever they could to make this day a wonderful day for Rani.
Rani was very happy. We all had a lot of fun. Pratik, can you imagine
that it was the most enjoyable and memorable birthday I have
ever experienced. I think helping others brings a great happiness
in our life.

Pratik, I have a friend named Avinav. His parents are farmers. Avinav
is very good at studies. He wants to become a doctor. Srawan dai
buys books, copies and pencils for him. Avinav’s parents give them
fresh vegetables and handwoven matresses.

My grandparents have a small kitchen garden. They like to grow
fresh vegetables. My friend, Avinav’s parents bring in different
seasonal seeds for my grandparents. They are so nice. Sometimes
Seema comes with garden rake and scytheto help them in the
garden. My grandparents like to share freshly grown vegetables
with neighbors.

Jaiman is a good carpenter. He and his friends helped to build
school building. Most of the children in our village go to school.
During the last rainy season, the road to his house was damaged
by landslide. His wife is not keeping well. She falls sick very often.
All the villagers are coming tomorrow to repair the road to his
house.

Do you know, Pratik? I have never seen such a village in my life.
All the villagers help one another in time of need. Last year, my
grandfather was seriously ill. He had to be admitted in hospital
immediately. That time all neighbours got united and brought an
ambulance. My grandfather’s life was saved. My family members
are very grateful to all of them. My uncle and aunty want to repair
the nearby stone spout. They also want to upgrade the way to and
from there.
Wishing you all the best.
Rajshree.

Social Studies & Creative Arts Book Four 21

Evaluation Activities:

Write the names of any four neighours who live close to you.

Complete the column by writing the answer.

How have you helped your How have your neighbours
neighbours? helped you?

Choose the correct word from the given box and fill in the
blanks.

hate close always good enemy

bad sometimes love family far

a. Neighbours are like our …………………………………………….

b. We live ………………… to each other in a neighbourhood.

c. We should always be …………………… to all our
neighbours.

d. We should ……………………… all our neighbours.

e. We should ……………………… help our neighbours.

Answer the following questions:

a. Who helps the grandparents in the kitchen garden?
b. Who helps Avinav for his education?
c. How do villagers want to help Jaiman uncle?
d. How do uncle and aunty want to help the neighbourhood?

We should help each other.

22 Social Studies & Creative Arts Book Four

Unit -2

Our Traditions, Social
Values and Norms

Lesson 1 Riya: A Responsible Sister
Lesson 2 Our Rich Culture and Tradition
Lesson 3 Some Festivals & Ceremonies
Lesson 4 A Beautiful Town: Panauti

Lesson 5 Learn From Dilshova

Lesson Riya: A Responsible Sister

1 Objectives : At the end of this lesson, the students will be able to:
learn that they should obey and listen to their elders, and
express their feelings freely and boldly to their elders.

Rishi studies in class four. Riya is his elder sister. They live with
their grandparents and parents.

Father: Rishi, it’s Saturday tomorrow. Your mother and I are going
to take you to the market. So finish all your homework and go to
bed in time. Your sister, Riya will stay with your grandparents.

Rishi: Father! There is a bus to take us to the market. Come
quickly.

Father: Rishi, haven’t you learnt in the school that we should
always cross the road from the zebra crossing? We should look

Note to the teacher: Motivate the students to listen and follow their elders’ advice. At the same
time, tell them to feel free to express themselves in front of their elders.

24 Social Studies & Creative Arts Book Four

left and right before crossing the road. If you don’t cross the road
carefully, accident may happen. We should not hurry to cross the
road.

Rishi: I’m sorry, father! I’ll always remember your advice. You are
right. Look, there is another bus coming. Can we go on that bus?

Father: Yes, of course. Let’s cross the road from the zebra crossing.
Hold us. There is no need to hurry.

Rishi: Excuse me, uncle! I saw you running across the road to catch
the bus. The traffic policeman was blowing the whistle at you.
Didn’t you hear the whistle? It’s very dangerous to cross the road
like that. You should always cross the road at zebra crossing and
follow traffic rules. Otherwise, you may get into serious accident.
Uncle, my father says there is nothing more important than our
life.

Uncle: You’re a small boy, but your advice is big and valuable.
Thank you for reminding me. I’ll never forget your advice.

(After the visit to the market in the evening)

Social Studies & Creative Arts Book Four 25

Mother: Rishi, we took you to the market. You had lots of fun .We
hope you enjoyed yourself. It’s time for you to go to sleep.
Rishi: Sorry, mother! I have not finished my homework. My teacher
will be angry with me. Please help me. I cannot go to school unless
I finish my homework.
Mother: Riya, have you heard what your brother just said. Please
help him to finish his homework. He cannot be absent to school on
any excuses.
Riya: Mother, I’m very sorry! I will not be able to help him.
Yesterday, his class teacher called me. She told me that Rishi’s
homework is all correct and up to date, but his class performance
doesn’t match that. I could not lie to her. She scolded me for doing
his homework. The teacher tells that I am not helping my brother,
but spoiling his future.
Mother: Riya, you are right. I agree with you. Help him just this
time.
Riya: No, mother, I am sorry! You’re also responsible for Rishi’s
conduct. He takes your support to get me do his homework. You
don’t motivate him to complete his homework by himself. He often
misses his class making false excuses. He is getting spoilt day by
day. It’s our duty to teach him the right habit.
Father: Riya, you’re very right. Once a habit is formed, it’s very
hard to leave it. You are a responsible sister. I appreciate your
concern.

26 Social Studies & Creative Arts Book Four

Evaluation Activities:

Write any two advices that your elders give to you in your
family.

……………...................................………..........................................
……………...................................………..........................................

Write any two advices that your teachers give you in your
school.

……………...................................………..........................................

……………...................................………..........................................

Write any two advices you want to give to your younger brother
or sister.

……………...................................………..........................................

……………...................................………..........................................

Read the sentence. Give ‘Smiley’ for the advice you want to
follow and ‘Grumpy’ for the advice you don’t want to follow.

a. You must try to do your homework all by yourself.

b. You should help others to complete the homework.

c. Don’t go to school, if you think your homework is not
done.

d. Do not share your things with your friends.

e. You must go to school regularly.

What did the following people learn from each other?

Rishi: ………...................................…………........................................

Riya: ………...................................………..........................................

Riya’smother: ………...................................………...........................

Father: ………...................................……….....................................

Social Studies & Creative Arts Book Four 27

Lesson Our Rich Culture and Tradition

2 Objectives : At the end of this lesson, the students will be able to:
know the people of different castes and ethnic tribes of Nepal, and
learn their customs and traditions and to participate in.

Nepal is a mountainous country. People belonging to different
castes live here in harmony. Here people have their own culture
and tradition. Let’s know about some of them.

Tharus: They live in Terai region
of Nepal. Their mother toungue
is Tharu. However, they speak
different languages like Tharu,
Maithali, Bhojpuri and Awadhi.
The traditional costumes worn by
Tharu males are called bhegya or
loin cloth. They are made up of
white cotton cloth. They also wear
a half or full sleeved bhoto called
jhulva. They wear cap as well.
Women wear knee length dress
called thetuwa gunew, lehanga and
cholya (Blouse). It has strings on
the back to tie it up. Like males,
women also cover themselves with
a shawl- like cloth called gthya.
Clothes worn while dancing are
called mawi.

Tharu women are fond of wearing ornaments. They wear mundri
on their ears and phuli on their nostrils. On their arms are worn
bangles-like ornaments called tra, which are made up of silver.
They wear multicoloured pote on their neck and kalli on their
ankles. They celebrate festivals like maghe sankranti or maghi,

Note to the teacher: Encourage students to speak in their language and wear their traditional
dresses during their festivals and ceremonies.

28 Social Studies & Creative Arts Book Four

holi or fagu, diwali and teej.

Limbus: They live in the
eastern hilly region of Nepal.
They speak Limbu language.
They have their own script
called srijangha script. Limbu
women wear typical patterned
phariya, patuka, blouse or
cholo, khasto or shawl. Men
wear daura-suruwal and topi.
Limbu women wear many
types of typical ornaments.
They wear chyapte soon,
laskari, and mundri on their
ears and bulaki on noses. They
wear kantha, tilhari, and nau
gaedi on their neck.

They have shirphul clipped

on the top of their head. Limbu 29
community gives high respect
to elders. While eating together,
elders are placed on the right side
as food is always served from that
side. Limbus celebrate festivals
like udhauli and ubhauli. Dhan-
nach is a famous dance of the
Limbu people

Sherpas: Sherpas live in the
mountainous region of Nepal.
They speak Sherpa or Sherpali
language. Sherpa men wear
bokkhu, which is thick and knee
length long. Inside bokkhu, they

Social Studies & Creative Arts Book Four

wear long sleeved shirt which is called tutung. They cover their
legs with pant-like garment called nangoya. Bokkhu worn by
females are called anggi and the inner shirt is called bangjur. Both
male and female wear woolen woven boots called docha. Married
women wear certain kind of woolen stripped apron in the front
below their waist is called pangden. There is a typical cap called
shyamahu, which is worn only by the Sherpa women.

Sherpa women wear bangles, necklaces and earrings made of gold,
silver and precious stones. Some typical names of their ornaments
are takcha, patuka, chhou, kaedak and ahlong. They call Sagarmatha
chomolungma in their language. Their main festivals are Lhosar,
dumje, phuduk and mani rimdu. Sherpa people weave carpet
and rear yak. They are engaged in trekking and mountaineering
business. They are world famous mountain climbers.

Newars: Most of the Newars
live in the Kathmandu Valley.
They speak Newari language.
Men wear daura-suruwal,
bhadgaule topi, patuka and
waist coat. Women wear cholo,
patuka and hakupatasi. They
wear colourful ornaments.

Bel biwaha (Ihi) is a practice
very unique only to Newar
community. According to this
ritual, a girl who is not wed to
a bel is not eligible to marry
in her real life. They celebrate
festivals like buddha jayanti,
indra jatra, navaratri, laxmi
puja, Mah puja, etc. They are
good at business. They are very
rich in culture and traditions.

30 Social Studies & Creative Arts Book Four

Evaluation Activities:

Write about yourself under the given headings. Take the elder’s
help if needed.

a. Caste b. Language

c. Costumes d. Festivals

e. Special food item

Make a list of different people living in your community. Mention
the languages they speak, costumes they wear and festivals
they celebrate.

……………...................................…………........................................

……………...................................…………........................................

Read the lesson and complete the given table.

Caste Language Costume Ornament Festival
Tharu
Limbu
Sherpa
Newar


Class Work Activities.

a. Set a day and come with your traditional costumes in
the class. Compare the costume worn by people in your
community with that of others. Find out how they are
different from each other.

b. Draw the pictures of some of the traditional costumes
and display in your class.

Social Studies & Creative Arts Book Four 31

Lesson Some Festivals & Ceremonies

3 Objectives : At the end of this lesson, the students will be able to:
learn about different festivals celebrated in our community, and
learn about different ceremonies observed by the people.

Nepal is a small country. But it is rich in culture and tradition. It is
a multi-racial, multi-religious and multi – linguistic country. There
are about 125 ethnic tribes living in Nepal. There are more than
123 languages spoken in Nepal. They all have their own festivals
and ceremonies. Let’s learn about some of them from your own
friends. I’m sure you will find them very interesting. Now, I would
like to call Paru Hang, Anil Tharu, Bina Magar, Sandesh Tamang
and Jiten Shrestha turn by turn to tell us about the festivals and
ceremonies observed in their community. Children, please welcome
them with a big round of applaud.

Paru Hang: I am from the Kirat community. People belonging to
Kirat community like Rai, Limbu, Yakkha and Sunuwar observe
Udhauli and Ubhauli. According to the Kirat holy book, Mundhum,
a year is divided into two main seasons. They are Udhauli and
Ubhuli. Udhauli means going downwards and Ubhauli means going
upwards. These seasons are directly related to the phenomenon of
nature.

The Kirant people consider themselves as nature worshipers. With
the beginning of the winter season, birds also migrate or move
towards the south or to warmer region. This season is observed as
Udhauli, meaning time to move downwards to warmer places. It
also means harvesting season. At this time, the Kirat people worship
Mother Nature and thank her for giving them good harvest in the
year.

Likewise, with the beginning of the summer season, the birds
migrate or move upwards to the cooler region. This season of the

Note to the teacher: Students should be encouraged to know more of such festivals and ceremonies
observed in their neighbourhood by various communities. They should be motivated to observe
and participate in them.

32 Social Studies & Creative Arts Book Four

year is known Ubhauli, meaning time to move upwards. It also
means planting season. At this time, the Kirat people worship
Mother Nature to bless them with good crops and to protect
them from natural calamities in the coming year. During these
festivals, Kirat people wear traditional dresses and get together,
exchange greetings and best wishes. They perform different
dances like sakela sili, dhannach, cyabrung nach, etc in a large
circle.

Anil Tharu: I belong to Tharu Community. We celebrate Maghe
Sankranti or Maghi on the first day of the month of Magh. It is
the most important festival of the Tharus. It is celebrated as Tharu
New Year. Tharu people stop all works, wear new clothes and enjoy
dance, songs and good food. During the festival period, they do
not even milk cows and other domestic animals. They even set
free their domestic animals for some time. They think that these
animals too need to enjoy the freedom.

Bina Magar: I want to tell you about rice feeding ceremony in

Magar community. I know rice feeding ceremony is observed in

Social Studies & Creative Arts Book Four 33

most of the communities. However, it is observed a little differently
in Magar community. The child is bathed in gold dipped water and
dressed in a set of new clothes. Then the child is fed rice, milk, curd
and meat. Parents feed first. They are followed by other relatives
and well wishers. The child gets blessings and gifts or money from
relatives and well wishers.
Badal Tamang: I’ll tell you about rice feeding ceremony in Tamang
community. It is performed by a priest called Lama. After a religious
ceremony, the child who is dressed in new clothes is fed with the
beak of a maina bird. It is believed that a child fed with such a
unique spoon will have a sweet voice like that of a bird. The child
is fed first by the parents. They are followed by relatives, friends
and neighbours. The child is offered blessing, gifts or money.
Padam Shrestha: I want to tell you about a unique ceremony
observed in Newar community. It means the rice feeding ceremony
of old people. This is observed for both male and female. It is
celebrated to honour the old people.
Neighbours make a necklace of yomori for these elderly people.
They are worshipped with flowers, fruits, abir and Akkshata. Once
the part is over, the person is put on a kind of chariot and taken
around the tole with music and celebration.

34 Social Studies & Creative Arts Book Four

Evaluation Activities:

Write about yourself: (Take the help of your elders )

a. Name: ………………………………………………………………….
b. Caste: …………………………………………………………………….
c. Festivals celebrated: ………………………………………………….
d. Ceremonies observed : …………………………………………….
e. Names of special foods prepared for the occasion: …….

Write about your neighbourhood or community by filling in the
given column:

Castes Festivals Ceremonies Special Food
Celebrated Observed

Match and write the correct answer in the given blank.

a. Limbu: a. Maghe

b. Sakela Dance: b. Budo Jungko

c. Tharu: c. Ubhauli

d. Magar: d. Rai

e. Newar: e. Soon Pani

Answer the following questions:

a. Who celebrate Ubhauli and Udhauli?
b. How is Sakela dance performed?
c. How do Tharus celebrate Maghi?
d. Should we all participate in each other’s festivals and

ceremonies?

Social Studies & Creative Arts Book Four 35

Lesson A Beautiful Town: Panauti

4 Objectives : At the end of this lesson, the students will be able to:
feel proud of their birth place, and
learn to help for the development and promotion of their place of birth.

My dear friend Subashini,

How are you? I hope you are fine in Pokhara? I thought of writing
this letter to you at this special time. I’m sure you will know the
reason of writing after you finish reading this letter.

Subashini, as you know, I live in a small town of Panauti. It is said
that the town was given by King Bhupatindra Malla to his sister

Note to the teacher: Talk with the students about their place of birth. What are the special and
notable things there? How will they be interested to develop their place of birth in future?

36 Social Studies & Creative Arts Book Four

as a dowry. Panauti is one of the oldest and most beautiful towns
in Nepal. It is situated at the confluence of two rivers, Rosi and
Punyawati. These two rivers are again joined by another river,
Lilawati. The place where these three rivers meet is called Triveni.
It is regarded as an important religious place since early times.
Panauti is also rich in culture and tradition.

Subashini, there is a famous temple called Indreswor temple. It
is one of the largest and tallest temples in Nepal. It is built in
an ancient artistic style. One of the most important festivals of
Panauti is Panauti Jatra. It is also known as the chariot festival.
It takes place every year in Panauti at the end of the rainy season.

In every 12 years, a month long fair is held at Triveni of Panuti.
It is called Makar Mela. During this celebration, hundreds and
thousands of people come to take bath at Triveni.

Subhasini, by this time you must have known why I am writing this
letter to you. On these days, we are observing this fair or Makar

Social Studies & Creative Arts Book Four 37

Mela. One has to wait for another 12 years to enjoy this Mela.
Who knows where we will be by then. So, I request you to come to
Panauti with your parents. My parents and I will be very happy to
welcome you all.
Panauti is well blessed with natural beauty. There are hotels,
lodges, resorts and rural markets. One can enjoy many traditional
musical instruments in the village. A large number of tourists visit
Panauti every year. They contribute for the development of the
town. Every year some repair and maintenance of the old temples
and sites take place. Protection and preservation of these places
are important for the development and promotion of Panauti.
I am really proud of my birth place, Panauti. I feel great when
visitors admire my place. Many developmental works are taking
place these days. We are deeply involved in the protection and
preservation of the cultural and religious places. I am sure my
small town Panauti will be a better and more beautiful place in
the near future. I also would like to contribute to my town when I
grow up.
Looking forward to seeing you soon in Panauti.
Yours loving friend,
Kusum Shrestha

38 Social Studies & Creative Arts Book Four

Evaluation Activities:

Write about yourself in full sentences.

a. What development activities are going on in your birth
place?

b. Why do you like your birth place?

Write down the important things of attraction in Panauti town.

Write ‘True’ for the right and ‘False’ for the wrong sentences in
the given box. Correct the wrong sentences in your exercise
copy.

a. Panauti is an industrial town of Nepal.
b. Panauti is situated near the river Punyawati.
c. Indreswor temple is the largest and tallest temple in

Panauti.
d. Panauti Jatra is also known as Chariot festival.
e. Triveni means a place where three rivers meet.
f. Makar Mela in Panauti is celebrated in every 12 years.

Think and complete the given sentences.

The place where we were born is called our ………………………
of ………………………. We should feel ……………………………… of
our ………………………… of birth. It is our duty to contribute
for the …………………………… and …………………………… . of our
place of ………………………… .

Social Studies & Creative Arts Book Four 39

Lesson Learn From Dilshova

5 Objectives : At the end of this lesson, the students will be able to:
identify the people who have done good work for the society, and
respect and get inspiration from their good work.

Teacher: Children! I am going to tell you to-day a true and inspiring
story. It is Dilshobha Shrestha’s story. She has given her whole life
for the service of weak, old, needy and helpless people.

For the last thirteen years, she has
been looking after old and helpless
women and orphans in Aamaghar,
Kathmandu. She was born and

grown up in a well off family in
Thankot, Kathmandu. However,
she couldn’t have good family life.
Her husband left her because she

could not bear him a son.

One day, she met a lady teacher.

The teacher told her that only
being a mother of a son does not
make one happy. She took her
to see the miserable condition of
an old woman. She was more than eighty years old. She was the

mother of three rich sons. But they left her alone. Dilshobha’s eyes
were filled with tears when she saw the old woman’s condition.
She took her to her house and started taking care of her.

She used to see old and helpless women lying along the busy
roadside. That used to hurt her very much. She picked up and
brought five old women home from the street in 1997. Since then
she has gathered many such old women left by their loved ones.

Note to the teacher: Motivate students by telling what joy and satisfaction we can get when we
help others. Ask them to find out and gather information about any other people they have heard
of like Dilshova Shrestha. You can even take children to visit such homes or orphanages in and
around your place.

40 Social Studies & Creative Arts Book Four

Some of them were sick and very weak. She took them to hospital.
She gave them love and care. Later, she started taking care of the
street children as well. These children have had no proper home
and family. They are like orphans. At the moment, there are more
than thirty old mothers and thirty-six orphans at her home called
mother's house. The number is increasing as people keep bringing
such people to her.

Her day begins when most of the people are still asleep. She gets
up at 4 in the morning. She helps the women and children to
wash and get cleaned up. She feeds
them breakfast, lunch and dinner. This
is her daily routine. She enjoys taking
care of them. Some of the women
she has brought are blind, dumb and
paralyzed.

There are many people who appreciate
her good work. They visit mother's
house on their birthdays, marriage
anniversary or in other special
occasions. They bring rice, pulses and
vegetables and even money for them.
Her relatives and neighbours were not
so happy with her work at first. Now
she is getting all the support from them.

Children! There’re many helpless,
homeless, old, orphans and destitute
left by their parents or loved ones. They
are also human beings like us. They need love, care and support,
don’t they? We all need to help them. Remember! The best service
is the service to mankind. All of us should respect a person like
Dilshobha Shrestha and try to be like her. Isn’t it an inspiring story?

Social Studies & Creative Arts Book Four 41

Evaluation Activities:

Name the people and the help given in the given box.

Name of person Help given

Read the sentence in group’ A’ and ‘ B’. Think which group helps
the weak and helpless. Write in one sentence about the helpful

group in the given space.

Group A Group B

I am busy but I’ll help. I’m busy. I can’t help.

They need our care and support. They don’t need our care and
support.

I’ll help her cross the road. She can cross the road herself.

I should take her to a doctor. I can’t take her to a doctor.

I am always ready to help them. I’m never ready to help them.

How can you help an old helpless person lying in a street?

Read the lesson and answer the following questions:

a. Who’s a warm and kind hearted person?
b. Who are taken care of in Aamaghar?
c. How did Dilshova start her service?
d. Who are street children?
e. How do other people help elderly women and orphans of

Aamaghar?

Divide the class into two groups. Group A will collect the pictures
of old and needy people. Group B will write about how they can
be taken care of. Put them together on a chart paper. Give a
suitable title and display them on the Class or School Bulletin
Board.

42 Social Studies & Creative Arts Book Four

Unit -3

Social Problems and
Solutions

Lesson 1 Our Trouble Gone!
Lesson 2 Say No To Bad Habits
Lesson 3 Bad Customs And

Superstitions
Lesson 4 Bad Customs Must Be Ended
Lesson 5 Service Giving Institutions

Lesson Our Trouble Gone!

1 Objectives : At the end of this lesson, the students will be able to:
find ways and means to help and to solve such problems.

Chandra and Tara live with their grandparents and parents in
Kilaula village of Kapilvastu district. Chandra’s father is a teacher
and social worker. They are about to eat their evening meal. All of
a sudden, they hear a loud knock at the door. Chandra runs to open
the door.

Chandra: Is it Ghale? Please, come in.

Guruba: Ghale is there any problem? It’s raining heavily
outside. You are all wet. You look very shocked
and worried.

Ghale Nearby river to my house got flooded due to heavy
rainfall. My house and my field are all flooded. My
family members have taken shelter in the village
temple. We could not take out anything from the
house. I don’t know what to do and where to go!

Guruba: We’re very sorry. Ghale We must help each other
in the time of trouble. That is what neighbours
are for. Come, let’s go and bring uncle and the
children to my house. Once your children are safe,
we’ll think what we can do next tomorrow.

Next day, Guruba calls the villagers and asks for their support to
help Ghale.

Sir: I am the Principal of the village school. I will let
Ghale and his family stay in one of the rooms in
the school for the time being.

Note to the teacher: Encourage students to notice and help to other’s problems. Motivate them
to help people when needed according to their ability.

44 Social Studies & Creative Arts Book Four

Ratnaman Sahu: I will provide rice, dal, utensils and other
necessary things.

Guruba: It is good that we are getting together to help Ghale
Anil: kaka’s family. There are already some clothes,
blankets and some other things donated by the
villagers. But it is not the end of the problem.
Uncle's house is completely damaged. We have to
help him to build his house. It is not so easy to
build a house. It needs a lot of money.

Sir, we have a youth club, Lali Gurans. Most of the
young boys and girls have become its members.
Tihar festival is coming soon. We will play deusi-
bhailo in our neighbourhood. We can collect some

Social Studies & Creative Arts Book Four 45

money. If the money is not enough, we will take
loan from the co-operative in our village. We can
give volunteer service too.

Guruba: Good idea, Anil. I know the manager of the bank.
I will talk to him immediately. I am sure he will
help us.

Harimaya: We have opened Aama Samuha in our village. We
give training to village women to sew clothes,
make pickles and to weave baskets and mats. We
will give training to Ghale. This way she too can

earn some money.

Sir: Ghale can work in the school. The school will pay
him reasonable salary.

Guruba: Thank you sir and to all the villagers. You all
have been very supportive. We will start building
uncle's house right after Tihar. This is not only the
case of Ghale. It can happen to any one of us. If

you remember, last year, we helped Sunuwar and
sister in daughter when their house caught fire.
They were lucky that the fire was put out on time.
There is a saying “United we stand”. It means we
have to face the challenges together wisely and
patiently. No one knows when and how troubles
come to us. As long as we are together, any trouble
can be overcome easily.

Ghale : Thank you for your help. Now our trouble is gone!

46 Social Studies & Creative Arts Book Four

Evaluation Activities:

How can you and your family help your neighbours when there
are natural calamities like flood, landslide and fire?

……………...................................…………........................................

……………...................................…………........................................

……………...................................…………........................................

What helps were provided by the following people in the village.

People in the village Help provided

a. Guruba

b. Sir

c. Anil

d. Harimaya Bhauju

Answer the following questions:

a. Who is the social worker in the village?
b. Where did Ghaley Kaki and her children take shelter in?
c. Who helped Ghaley Kaka by giving rice and dal?
d. How did Anil and his friends decide to collect money?
e. How did Aama Samuha want to help Ghaley Kaki?

What should we do, if any natural calamities occur in our
community?

……………...................................…………........................................

……………...................................…………........................................

Social Studies & Creative Arts Book Four 47

Lesson Say No To Bad Habits

2 Objectives : At the end of this lesson, the students will be able to:
know the problems caused by alcohol, and
be beware of such bad habits.

Æafn] /S;L vfFbf b'Mv kfof}+æ

aLrd} r6Ss sIff 5f8]/ ;nf{xLsf O/kmfg d'sf]/LnfO{ ckl/lrtsf] xft ;dfTb}
sf7df8f}+lt/ 8f]l/g] dg lyPg . t/ af–cfdfsf] OR5fsf] cufl8 pgsf] s] g} rNYof] / <

o;}u/L b'O{ jif{cl3 sf7df8f}+ cfPsf bfh's} af6f]df pgn] kfOnf ;f/] . …bfO;Fu} a;]/ sfd
ug]{ eg]kl5 d klg cfPF,Ú cf7 jif{sf] pd]/d} b}lgs !% 3G6feGbf a9L sfddf

hf]ltg] O/kmfgn] eg], …;fx"n] vfg, nufpg lbG5g\ . 3/ hfg] a]nfdf dlxgfsf] b'O{ ;o
k};f kfOG5 .Ú

pgsf bfO rfFb d'sf]/L klg b'O{ jif{b]lv pxL ;fx" / tnasf ;fy rn]sf 5g\ . pgsf]

a'emOdf kfl/jfl/s afWotfsf sf/0f of] kl/l:ylt ePsf] xf] . …cfdf lrgL sf/vfgfdf

hfg'x'G5 / afn] …bf? vfg]Ú sfd ug'{x'G5,Ú pgn] eg], …c? efO{–alxgL 5g\, k};fn] k'Ub}g

clg xfdLnfO{ otf k7fPsf] /] .Ú

;fef/M sflGtk'/ /fli6«o b}lgs

This is the real case
history of a family
affected by alcoholism.
There are many bad
habits people follow.
Alcoholism is one of
them. Let me tell you the
story of two good friends.
They are Bardhan and
Biswash. They are their
childhood friends. One
day, Bardhan invited
his close friends on his

Note to the teacher: Tell students about the bad effects of alcohol. Ask them to be aware of it and
remain far from such habits. You can give many examples of such bad habits.

48 Social Studies & Creative Arts Book Four

birthday in a hotel. Biswas also was invited. For the first time,
Biswas saw his friend drinking alcohol there. He felt very bad.
They used to be together most of the time. But now Bardhan is
ignoring Biswas every time. Bardhan starts coming home late. He
often quarrels with his parents and family members. Day by day,
his health is deteriorating. Bardhan even starts stealing things
from his house to buy alcohol. Biswas cannot see such a condition
of his friend. So, one day he asks Bardhan to meet him in private.

Bardhan: Biswas, why have you called me at this hour? I am no
more your good old friend. Let’s talk fast as I have to
go somewhere else.

Biswas: Bardhan, you are my childhood friend. I cannot see
you involved in bad habit like alcoholism. Don’t you
know how bad is it? It is already ruining your health.
Please give up this bad habit once and for all. Let’s be
good friends like before.

Social Studies & Creative Arts Book Four 49

Bardhan: Biswas, if you’re my good friend, you would give me
your company. But you’re always running away from
me. I don’t think you care about me anymore. I’m
addicted to alcohol. I can’t leave this habit whether it
is bad or good. My parents and all my family members
know about it. So, who are you to stop me? Just leave
me alone.

Biswas: Ok, my friend. For the last time do me a favour.
Tomorrow we’ll go to one place. I’ll come to your house
in the morning. I hope you won’t say no.

Next day.

Bardhan: Biswas, what is this place? I see young boys and girls
sitting all by themselves. Is this some kind of hostel?

Biswas: No, this is a rehabilitation centre. People who are
addicted to drug and alcohol are cured here. Here they
get cared and cured before they return home. Look at
that board. Something is written there. Let’s go and
read it.

Harmful Effects of Alcohol:
a. Causes hepatitis, tubercolosis, heart disease, high blood
pressure, etc.
c. Damages digestive system, brain cells and liver.
d. Loses sense and may get into accident.
e. May lose respect in the family and society.
f. Encourages to involve in criminal activities.

Bardhan: Biswas, now I’ve realized the bad effects of alcohol.
From now on, I’ll “Say No to Bad Habit and Yes to Good
habit”. Thank you my friend, Biswas.

50 Social Studies & Creative Arts Book Four