Revise Social Studies book 4 for ctp 2077t

Evaluation Activities:

Write any two bad habits followed by the people in your
community. What advice do you want to give to such people?

Bad habits Advice that you want to give

Write whether they are ‘ Good Habits ‘ or ‘ Bad Habits ‘ in the
given box.

a. Getting up early.

b. Stealing things.

c. Wasting money.

d. Smoking cigarettes.

e. Chewing tobacco.

Answer the following questions:

a. Who are childhood friends?
b. Who starts taking alcohol?
c. Who does not want to take alcohol?
d. Where does Biswas take Bardhan to?
e. What is written on the notice board?
f. What happens in the rehabilitation centre?

Write any five harmful effects of alcohol.

Write a slogan against alcohol. For example:’ Say No to Bad
Habit and Yes to Good Habit ‘.

Social Studies & Creative Arts Book Four 51

Lesson Bad Customs and Superstitions

3 Objectives : At the end of this lesson, the students will be able to:
know the bad custom existing in our society, and
know that such bad customs must be stopped.

Many bad customs and superstitions exist in our society. People are
discriminated on the ground of high and low caste, rich and poor,
man and woman, son and daughter, etc. Some of the bad customs
and superstitions are as follows:

Bad customs: It is an old and useless way of behaving or doing
something harmful for the society. They are many in practice.
Some of them are: Dowry System, deuki pratha, jhuma pratha,
untouchability, accusing people as boksi and boksaha, child
marriage and child labour.

Superstitions: It is an old and useless practice of believing in or
doing something blindly. It is a blind belief. Gender discrimination,
believing in witch-doctor, accusing people as witch are some of the
superstitions existing in our society from early time. Let’s learn
about some of the bad customs and superstition of our society.

A true case story: Laxmi Khatwe is from Kapilvastu district. Her
pet name is Gudiya. Her parents fixed her marriage when she was

only fourteen years old. After two years of marriage, her husband,
mother-in-law and her elder sister-in-law burnt her chest. She was
helped by an organization called “Burn Violence Survivors Nepal.’
This organization brought her to Kathmandu. She underwent
plastic surgery. Laxmi says that her family members burnt her for
three reasons. One, she was accused of witch, as the buffalo of
her house died after three months of her marriage. Second, she

brought very little dowry from her maitighar. Third, she did not
bear a child. At the moment, she is staying in one of the shelter
homes in Lalitpur. After being recovered, she plans to return her

Note to the teacher: Let students talk about bad customs they have seen or observed in their
society. Involve the students in class discussion and motivate them to fight against such bad
customs and superstitions.

52 Social Studies & Creative Arts Book Four

village, but not to her husband’s house. She wants to open her own
tailoring shop to make her living. Her tailoring shop is going to be
named ‘Gudiya Tailoring Shop.’

Untouchability: Ruma Devi and her family live in a village of Parsa
District. They are considered as low caste people in the village.
There is a public tube well in the village. She comes there to get
water. As soon as she arrives, she stops and stands near the tube
well waiting for someone to come. Then one woman of high caste
comes. She fills her bucket first. Then she pours water in Ruma
Devi’s bucket without touching it. This is the normal routine of
Ruma Devi.

Deuki Pratha: There is a
bad custom of offering a girl
child to a temple. It is called

Deuki Pratha. This custom
is followed in Seti and
Mahakali Zones. Sometimes,
the rich people buy a girl
from the poor parents and
offer her to a temple. She
is treated like a thing. The
girl cannot enjoy her rights
and freedom. People do so
thinking the god will be
happy with them and their
wishes will get fulfilled.
Don’t you think that it is a
bad and inhumane practice?

Dhami and Jhankri: Most people in villages still believe in witch-
doctor. When they fall sick, they prefer to go to them rather than
to a doctor. They spend money and things unnecessarily to fulfill
the demand of witch-doctor. Sometimes, people lose their life due
to such superstitious beliefs. It is important to make people aware
of such useless evil practices.

Social Studies & Creative Arts Book Four 53

Preference to a Son: It is an example of another superstition. It
is believed that a son is needed to perform rituals of the dead
parents. They think this will open their way to heaven. Daughters
are not considered equal to sons. They think daughters cannot do
such things. They are discriminated in many ways.
Besides, child labour, gambling, over spending during festivals,
discrimination between man and woman are some other bad
customs of our society. Such customs and superstitions hamper in
the development of our country. They should be abolished from
the society. Education and mass awareness programs should be
conducted in rural areas to end such bad practices. Strict laws
should be made to punish those who follow them.

54 Social Studies & Creative Arts Book Four

Evaluation Activities:

What are the bad customs and superstitions people still follow

and believe in your community? If there are, write under each

heading given below.

Bad customs Superstition

Match the following. a.Dhami/Jhankri
b. Untouchability
a. My family offered me to c. Dowry System
a temple: d. Child labour

b. My parents provided
much property in my
marriage to satsify my
husband's family:

c. I can’t touch the
water tap:

d. I had an early
marriage:

e. I was forced to e. Child marriage
work:

f. I don’t believe in f. Deuki Pratha
doctors:

Answer the following questions:

a. How are people discriminated in our society?
b. Why is Laxmi Khatwe not treated well by her husband

and in-laws?
c. Why is Ruma Devi not allowed to touch the water tap?
d. What can happen if people believe only in Dhami and Jhankri?
e. How can we end bad customs of our society?

Write any two superstitious beliefs you have seen or heard from

your family members, neighbours or friends. (You may take the

help of elders)

Social Studies & Creative Arts Book Four 55

Lesson Bad Customs Must Be Ended

4 Objectives : At the end of this lesson, the students will be able to:
know why some customs are bad and useless, and
think of various ways to end such bad customs or evil practices.

Ma’am: Good morning Class Four! Today, we are going to study
about the ways to stop bad customs that exist in our society. Do
you think we all should help to end bad customs of our society?

Students: It is too difficult to
answer. Can we end such bad
customs? Is it possible?

Ma’am: Yes, it is possible. For this
we all should get united. Unity
is strength. You must have seen
posters and pamphlets pasted on
the walls at public places. They
are pasted for the people to read
and to be aware of right and
wrong activities.

Student: Ma’am, why do people
follow such wrong or bad
customs?

Ma’am: Very good question. Some people are following them out
of ignorance, whereas some people are following them to show
off, imitate or copy others.

Student: How can we make them feel that they are following
bad customs?

Ma’am: Children! When there is a will, there is a way. There are

Note to the teacher: Encourage students to talk about any such bad customs they have noticed in
their community. Make them aware that these bad customs and superstitions must be eradicated
from the society.

56 Social Studies & Creative Arts Book Four

various programmes like, public rally,
street dramas, posters, pamphlets,
leaflets and media like television,
radio and newspapers. They can play
roles to make people aware of and
do away with these bad customs.
Such programmes should start from
our home first. If we all join hands
together, these bad customs and
superstitions will no longer exist in
our society.

By the way, six of your friends have
prepared placards against dowry
system, child marriage, gender-
discrimination, untouchability, superstition and child labour.
Let’s see what they have written in the placards.

:jf:gL dflg; lsGg] a]Rg] a:t' xf]Og . O{Zj/sf >[li6 xf}F xfdL ;a} .
bfO{hf] k|yf /fd|f] xf]Og . lsg u5f{} xfdLnfO{ e]befj ;w}+

Social Studies & Creative Arts Book Four 57

rf8} lajfx u/L gk7fO{ b]pm . dflcgG;wlxjfZ} jxff;dsL, f]lacjG]sTozuLn/f}+a.gf}+ .
d]/f] klg /x/ 5 a'lemb]pm .

5f]/f x'g jf 5f]/L O{Zj/sf] a/bfg xfadfLnxaff}lnb]zssf fx] fe} nlj]VZgo / k9\g kfpF . .
lsg 5f]/LnfO{ dfq u5f}{ alnbfg ! ;Ifd aGg kfpF

58 Social Studies & Creative Arts Book Four

Evaluation Activities:

Read the leaflet given below and answer the following
questions:

Do Not Get Into Superstition
Brothers and Sisters! A health post has been established in
our village. The people believe in witch-doctor and other
unnatural practices. This is a superstition. Thus, no one is
coming to get health check up in the health post. Diseases
can only be cured by medicine not by witch-doctor. People
become sick due to tiny germs which we cannot see with
our bare eyes. That is why we should not go after useless
traditional ideas. Let us immediately take the sick to the
health post.

Primary Health Centre
Nagdanda

a. What are the bad customs found in the village?

b. Why don’t the people come to the health post?

c. What should be done to cure the disease?

d. Why do people become sick?

e. What do you learn from the above leaflet?

How are girls and boys discriminated in our society?

……………......................................................................................

……………......................................................................................

Prepare slogans against the following bad customs. Put them in
your classroom or on the school bulletin board.

a. Dowry system b. Untouchability c. Child marriage

d. Superstition e. Discrimination between son and daughter.

Social Studies & Creative Arts Book Four 59

Lesson Service Giving Institutions

5 Objectives : At the end of this lesson, the students will be able to:
know the name of institutions which give services, and
learn the works done by these institutions.

Human beings are social animals. They need neighbourhood
and society. They need various types of services in their daily
life. They are electricity, drinking water, hospital, post office,
police station, bank, etc. Many institutions are established in the
society to provide services to the people.

Hospital: There is
a saying, ‘Health is
Wealth.’ A hospital
is a very important
institution. It provides
health service to the
people. Hospitals are
usually built in the
towns and cities. We all
go to hospital when we
fall sick. There are doctors, nurses,
and health assistants to help the
sick people. There are Health Posts
or Health Centers in villages. They
provide health services to the people
living there.

Post Office: We all have near and
dear ones living far away. We like
to keep in touch with them. They
also like to know about us. Post
office delivers letters to our families,

Note to the teacher: Make students learn about various service oriented institutions in our society.
Let them know and appreciate their works.

60 Social Studies & Creative Arts Book Four

relatives and friends. Post office also carries our parcels. It also
brings letters to us. In this way, post office helps us to remain
close to each other. The person who brings our letter is called a
postman. Post offices are
established in the towns
and village alike.

Police Station: We all
want to live happily
and peacefully. For this,
we need to be safe and
secure. Police Station
is an institution that
gives security to people.
It settles disputes and
arguments among the
people. It also arrests
thieves and criminals and safeguards our society. There will be
no happiness, peace and security in the society without them.

School: There is a saying: ‘There is no greater wealth than
education’. Our wealth can be stolen but education is such a
wealth which can never be stolen. The more education you share
with others, the more it increases. School is an institution where
we get education. We can have a bright and better future if we
are educated. A school provides us very valuable service.

Social Studies & Creative Arts Book Four 61

Bank: It is the institution where we can deposit our money and
valuable ornaments. They are kept safely in the bank. Bank
also provides interest for the money we have deposited. It also
provides loans to people on interest. Taking loan from the banks,
many people have started their own business and have become
self-dependent.

Electricity Office:
It provides us with
electricity services
for which we have
to pay money. It has
made our life easy
and comfortable. It
is easy to work in the
kitchen because of electricity. We use rice cooker and refrigerator
with electricity. Means of communication like television,
telephone, internet and fax are operated with electricity. We are
able to get and send information due to electricity.

Drinking Water Office: It
provides clean drinking
water to us. Now-a-
days, most houses have
drinking water facility. We
have to pay for it. There
are public drinking water
taps at public places.
People do not have to pay
for them. Clean drinking water is essential for good health.

There are many other institutions like these. Rural municipality
and municipality work for the development of a village and
town respectively. There is waste management office to collect
and manage wastes. We should be thankful to all of them. Can
you imagine what will be our life without them?

62 Social Studies & Creative Arts Book Four

Evaluation Activities:

Write the names of any four social service proving institutions
from your community and mention that services they provide.

Which social service providing institution will you go to for the

following situation? Answer by filling the space in the given column.

Situation Name of Institution

a. Sister’s age is to read and write.

b. Someone is sick at home.

c. You want to send letters.

d. You want to deposit money.

e. Your valuable ornaments are stolen.

f. Drinking water stopped coming in tap

g. Need electricity service.

Read the lesson and fill in the blanks with correct word.

a. Post Office delivers our .................................................
b. Clean drinking water is essential for good ........................
c. There is no greater wealth than ........................................

d. People have become self dependent due to the loan
provided by ...............

e. Police station maintains ............ and .......... in a society.
f. Means of communication is not possible without ............

Class Activities: Divide the class into groups. Each group will
show the services given and taken by the various offices and
institution through role play (acting).

Social Studies & Creative Arts Book Four 63

Unit -4

Civic Awareness

Lesson 1 Rights of Children & Women
Lesson 2 Let's Elect Class Monitor
Lesson 3 Our Natural Resources
Lesson 4 Good Work Appreciated
Lesson 5 A Clean Village: Madibung
Lesson 6 Follow Traffic Rules
Lesson 7 Rural Municipality
Lesson 8 A Municipality

Social Studies & Creative Arts Book Four

Lesson Rights Of Children and Women

1 Objectives : At the end of this lesson, the students will be able to:
know the child rights and woman’s rights, and
know why children and women need special rights.

To-day’s children are the responsible citizens of tomorrow. They
are the future of a family, community, nation and the whole world.
Our future largely depends on them. So it’s very important how
they are brought up. Only the children brought up properly can
shoulder their responsibilities well. Children need special care,
attention and support. They are dependent group of people.
They need parental, societal and governmental support and
protection to grow up properly. They need to grow and develop
physically, mentally, emotionally and socially. If they don’t get
right care, protection, support and environment during their
childhood, they can’t grow up to become worthy citizens of a
country. They can be a big burden not only to their family but
also to their country.

Children also have rights provided by the constitution. Everything
that children need for proper growth or respectful living comes
under child’s rights. Such rights are called their basic rights.
They are:

• Right to food.
• Right to clothing.
• Right to shelter.
• Right to education.
• Right to good health and nourishment.
• Right to parental love and care.
• Right to entertainment.
• Right to name and country.
• Right against labour.

Note to the teacher: Discuss with students about the rights they are enjoying. Ask why the children
and women need special rights.

Social Studies & Creative Arts Book Four 65

These are only a few examples. Children cannot be discriminated
on any ground: sex, social status, physical condition, race and
religion.

Similarly, women play important roles in the family and
society. They occupy half of the earth. Without the support and
participation of women, no family or nation can achieve full
success. They are equal to men by birth and law. There should
be no discrimination between men and women. They too need
to get right environment and opportunities for their full growth
and development.

Our constitution has provided women’s rights as fundamental
right. According to it, no woman can be discriminated on the
basis of gender. Every woman has the right to reproduction and
reproductive health. No physical, mental, emotional or any other
tortures can be given to any woman on any ground. They have
equal rights to parental property.

However, the present situation of children and women in our
country is not very satisfactory. There are cases where children
and women are physically, mentally, emotionally and sexually
exploited and abused. We need to do a lot in the effective
implementation of existing laws.

There are many national and international agencies working
for the children and women’s care, protection and rights.
Nepal Children’s Organization, United Nations International
Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEF) and International Labour
Organization (ILO) are some of them.

66 Social Studies & Creative Arts Book Four

Evaluation Activities:

You have got right to education in school. Other than this, what
other rights have you got? If you have not got any of them, write
the reason in the space given below.

Right If not enjoying, the reason why?

Right to play and
entertainment

Right to healthy and food

Right to health

Right to love and care

Right to protection from
discrimination

Answer the following questions:

a. What do you understand by child rights?
b. Why do you think you need rights?
c. Why do you think women should be given rights?

Make a list of rights you are enjoying.

Project Work:

Take help of your
elders. Find out
whether the women
in your village have
got the women rights
mentioned in your
lesson.

Look at the pictures
and discuss.

Social Studies & Creative Arts Book Four 67

Lesson Let’s Elect Class Monitor

2 Objectives : At the end of this lesson, the students will be able to:
understand the importance of their involvement, and
learn how they can participate in various activities.

Teacher: Good morning Class Four! How are you this morning?

Students: Good morning sir ! Thank you. We’re fine and you?

Teacher: I’m fine too.
Thank you. I hope
you have understood
the lesson on Child’s
Rights that we
discussed yesterday,
haven't you?

Prabesh: Sir, had you
told us that it’s our
right to participate in
all school activities?
How could we have
done this?

Teacher: You have asked a good question. There take place
many activities at school. We need to elect class monitors, house
leaders or captains and vice captains. We conduct different
extracurricular activities like quiz, sports and so on. We clean
the surroundings. You all can take part or involve yourselves in
any of these activities. It is your right.

Students: In one voice, if so, then let’s elect or choose class
monitor to-day, shall we?

Teacher: Fine. Let’s do it. Now, tell me who are interested to be

Note to the teacher: Children should get opportunity to participate in different activities. You
should encourage them to involve themselves in different clubs and activities. It’s how you can
help in developing their personality.

68 Social Studies & Creative Arts Book Four

class monitor? Please, raise your hands.

Asha, Abhishek and Niranjan raised their hands.

Teacher: We see that there are three candidates. We can not
make all of them monitor at one time. There has to be election
to elect one of them.

Students: Yes! We will have an election.

Teacher: I will give you each a small piece of paper. You have to
write the name of the one you wish to be the class monitor. Once
you do that, fold it and drop into that paper box. Keep secret
whose name you wrote.

Students: Here we drop the piece of paper with the name of our
liking.

Teacher: Good! Now, we will separate them according to the
name of the candidate and count them one by one. Oh! Asha has
obtained the maximum number of votes. She is the winner. She
has been elected class Monitor. Congratulations!

Students: Congratulations, Asha! We are happy you are our class
monitor from to-day.

Teacher: Good, you all participated in electing your class monitor.
Now, you have to discuss and make some rules of conduct. You
should also discuss the rights and duties of the class monitor.

Students: Thank you sir! We will surely do it and let you know
tomorrow.

Teacher: This is only a small example of how you can involve
yourselves in some activities. There can be many such activities
where you can actively participate. You can take part in cleaning
of your surroundings, in tree plantation, in your family discussion
and so on. You can join social and academic clubs as well.

Social Studies & Creative Arts Book Four 69

Evaluation Activities:

Like in the lesson, you also elect your class monitor. For election,
get voting paper and a box to collect votes ready.
In what activities at house and school can you take part, discuss
and make a list of them.
Write at least five activities each that take place in your school
and house.
What do you understand by people's participation?
Why is it important to take part in various kinds of activities?
Look at the picture below and discuss.

70 Social Studies & Creative Arts Book Four

Lesson Our Natural Resources

3 Objectives : At the end of this lesson, the students will be able to:
know about our natural resources, and
learn about protection and preservation of these resources.

National heritages are things of national significance. Natural,
cultural, historical, and recreational resources come under this.
They all play very important role in the development of our
country. In this lesson we focus on natural resources.

They are not made by us. They are there naturally. They are
forest, water, soil and mineral. Our country is blessed with many
such resources.

Forest

Our country is very rich in forest resources. A large portion of
our country is covered by forests. Charkose Jhadi in terai region
and other forests in hills are the main forests in Nepal. There
are many kinds of trees, plants and herbs found in these forests.
Some of them are sal, sisau, chhap, teak, harro, barro, etc.

Importance: Forest is

one of our important

natural resources.

It gives us timber,

firewood, herbs

and fodder. Forest

is the home of wild

birds and animals.

It gives us fresh air

to breathe and to

remain healthy. It

helps in rainfall. The

Note to the teacher: Let students name the various natural resources found in their locality. Let
them discuss about their use, importance and the ways to conserve them. You can give them a
suitable project work on this subject.

Social Studies & Creative Arts Book Four 71

roots of the tree holds the soil
and prevent landslide in hills
and flood in plains. Forest also
increases the natural beauty
of a place. Wild birds, animals
and the natural beauty help in
promoting tourism and earn
foreign currency.

It is sad that our forest
is decreasing day by day.
People are cutting down
trees indiscriminately. If it is
not controlled, rainfall will
decrease and landslide and
flood occur.

Conservation: We should
protect and preserve our
forests. It is our duty to do so.
The following measures can be
taken to conserve the forest:

a. We should stop cutting down trees indiscriminately.
b. We should plant trees or conduct afforestation programmes.
c. Overgrazing in forests should be controlled.
d. People should be made aware of the consequences of

deforestation.
e. Certain forest areas should be declared as National Parks

and Conservation areas.

Water

Water is the important natural resource of our country. We have
more than 6000 big and small rivers. Many rivers have their
origin in the Himalayas. Snow, lakes, rainfall and under surface
water reserves are our water sources. The big rivers are Koshi,
Gandaki, and Karnali. Likewise Rara, Shey-phoksondo, Phewa,

72 Social Studies & Creative Arts Book Four

Begnas, Tilicho, Gosaikunda are main lakes.

Importance: Water is one of the most important natural resources.
We use water for drinking, cooking, washing, cleaning, irrigating,
fishing and boating. River water is used for irrigation. Irrigation
makes our agricultural land fertile and helps to grow more
crops. We can use water to generate hydroelectricity. Electricity
is needed in every field. But we have not been yet able to utilize
the water resources properly.

Water sources are getting polluted or dirty. People throw garbage
and wastes in and around these resources. Polluted water makes
us sick and is harmful to all living things.

Conservation: We should conserve the water sources. The
following measures can be taken to conserve them.

a. We should not throw garbage and wastes in and around the
sources of water.

b. We should not connect sewage system with sources of water.

c. We should not wash clothes, utensils and bathe in and
around the sources of water.

Social Studies & Creative Arts Book Four 73

d. We should plant
trees near the
sources of water.

e. We should be aware
of the consequences
of polluting the
sources of water.

Soil and Minerals:

Nepal has different
landforms. There are
mountains in the north, hills in the middle and plain land in the
south. There are many kinds of minerals found in our country.
However, we have not been able to unearth them all. The main
minerals found in Nepal are coal, copper, silver, iron, zinc,
limestone, marbles, natural gas, etc.
Soil is as important as forest and water resources. We need

74 Social Studies & Creative Arts Book Four

soil to grow crops,

vegetables and

fruits and to build

house. The growth

of forest is not

possible without soil.

Flood and landslide

destroy the soil. So

we should plant

trees (afforestation)

and construct dams

to control floods

and landslides.

We should use

chemicals, fertilizers

and pesticides

wisely. If they are

indiscriminately used, they can destroy the fertility of the soil

and hamper the growth of crops and vegetables.

Minerals are found under the ground. We need them to build
house, means of transport, utensils, electrical equipments
ornaments etc. They are important raw materials to produce
various things in the factories and industries. It takes a very
long time to form minerals. So we should use them properly and
judiciously.

Natural resources are gifts of nature. Our life has become easy and
comfortable due to these resources. Our population is increasing
very fast. More population means more use of natural resources.
So if we don’t use these resources properly, our life will become
difficult. We should not misuse any of these resources. We all
need to conserve the natural resources.

Social Studies & Creative Arts Book Four 75

Evaluation Activities:

What do you get from the given natural resources?

Forest Water Soil Minerals

How can we conserve these natural resources? Match them by
writing the correct answer in the given space.

a. Forest: a. Control the use of fertilizer

b. Water: b. Plant trees

c. Soil: c. Use properly

d. Mineral: d. Do not throw garbage

Choose the correct answer from the brackets and fill in the
blanks.

a. If we cut down trees ……………………… will occur. [ rainfall
/ landslide ]

b. It’s harmful to throw ………………………… in water sources.
[ flower, garbage ]

c. We should control ………………………… to conserve the soil
[ Wood / cut down tree]

d. We’ll have …………………… life if we use minerals properly.
[difficult / easy ]

Read the lesson and answer the following questions:

a. How do trees control landslide and flood?

b. What are the sources of water?

c. What destroy the fertility of the soil?

d. Why do we need minerals?

e. What will happen if we do not use natural resources
properly?

76 Social Studies & Creative Arts Book Four

Lesson Good Works are Appreciated

4 Objectives : At the end of this lesson, the students will be able to:
know about our cultural heritages, and
learn about the promotion and preservation of these heritages.

It is Friday to-day. Every Friday there is Extra Curricular Activities
(ECAs) being organized in the school. There is ‘Know Your
Cultural Heritages’ programme to-day. All the students including
class four are gathered in the School hall. The hall is decorated
with Thanka paintings, traditional musical instruments, different
costumes and artifacts. There are some posters of temples,
stupas, palaces, manghims, churches and mosques. Everyone is
excited as the hall sounds like a museum.

Note to the teacher: You should take students to visit cultural heritage sites in and around your
school. You should encourage students to protect, preserve and promote these heritages.

Social Studies & Creative Arts Book Four 77

There is an interaction programme as a part of this event. It is
between the students and the social studies teachers. Parents are
also invited.

One Class Four Student: What is cultural heritage?

Social Studies Teacher: Can anyone from any class tell it?

A Class Nine Student: Cultural heritage is anything of importance
passed on from generation to generation. It includes customs,
practices, places, objects, artistic expressions and values, etc. It
is human creation. It shows the ways of living or life styles of
certain people or community.

Social Studies Teacher: Good. I am happy you know so well
about it. There are so many cultural heritages in Nepal. Some
of the important ones are: Pashupatinath, Swayambhunath,
Bouddhanath, Changunarayan, Budhanilkantha, Dakshinkali
in the Kathmandu Valley. It includes historical places also like
Kathmandu Durbar Square, Patan Durbar Square and Bhaktapur
Durbar Square.

A Class Four Student: Yes sir. You
took us to see some of these places
last month. Are there any such places
in other parts of country also?

A Class Six Student: I know there are
such things outside of Kathmandu
Valley also. Ashoka Pillar (Lumbini),
Barahakshetra (Sunsari),
Pathivara (Taplejung), Janaki Temple
(Dhanusa), Manakamana Temple
(Gorkha) Muktinath Temple
(Mustang), Swargadwari Temple
(Pyuthan), Nuwakot Durbar
(Nuwakot), Lig Lig Kot (Gorkha),
Gorkha Durbar (Gorkha), etc. are some examples.

78 Social Studies & Creative Arts Book Four

A Class Four Student: Sir, can you give us the examples of arts
and artifacts?

Social Studies Teacher: Nepal is rich in arts and artifacts. Our

people are fond of music, dance and arts.

There are many religious books, paintings,

metal, wood and stone carvings. They all

are part of arts and artifacts. They too are
our cultural heritages. Madal, panche baja,
noumati baja, bansuri,
nagara, damaha, sahanai,
dholak, tyamko, damphu, Chyabrung

sarangi, murchunga, binayo,
chyabrung, etc are our
Tyamko
famous traditional musical

instruments.

A Class Five Student: What are the importance
of these cultural heritages?

Social Studies Teacher: There Sahanai
are many importance. They Madal
are our identities and pride.
Religions bind us together.
History teaches us about
our past. Historical places
Damaha show us great things of our
past. Music, songs, arts are
our expressions. They give us entertainment
and enjoyment.

One of the Parents: We are indeed very happy that you taught our
children so much about our cultural heritages. Thank you, Sirs,
ma’ams and everybody here. We also learned a lot to-day. It is
our duty to protect, preserve and promote our cultural heritages.

Social Studies & Creative Arts Book Four 79

Evaluation Activities:

There must be some religious or historical places in and around
your place. Visit it and complete the following;

(a) District/Village: ……………………………..
(b) Location: ……………………………..
(c) Name: ……………………………..
(d) Type of Land/Place: ……………………………..
(e) Things Around It: ……………………………..
(f) Distance from your school/house: ……………………………..

Read the lesson carefully and complete the following sentences:

(a) Cultural heritages are passed on ………………………………..
(b) Cultural heritage includes ………, …………, ………… etc.
(c) cultural heritages are our ………………………… and pride.
(d) it’s our duty to ………………………… and ……………………..

cultural heritages.
(e) Religion binds us ……………… and history teaches us

about ………………

Make a list of cultural heritages of your district.

Make a list of things that you have done to protect and preserve
cultural heritages in your place.

Answer the following questions:

(a) What is cultural heritage?
(b) What are the importance of cultural heritages?
(c) How can you protect and preserve the cultural heritages?
(d) What is an artifact?
(e) What is an art ?

80 Social Studies & Creative Arts Book Four

Lesson A Clean Village: Madhuban

5 Objectives : At the end of this lesson, the students will be able to:
learn about keeping the public places clean, and
learn about the effects of keeping the public places dirty.

Ranjit and Ashmita are social workers of Madhuban Village in
Sunsari district. Early in one morning, two of the villagers come
to Ranjit’s house in a hurry. They say that most of the villagers
especially children and women are suffering from diarrhea. They
need immediate treatment. Immediately Ranjit goes to Ashmita.
Ashmita’s brother, Aryan is a doctor. He has come home for a few
days. He volunteers to help them. Ranjit, Ashmita and Dr. Aryan
go to the villagers. They get shocked to see too many people
falling sick and suffering. They gather help from villagers, health

Note to the teacher: Students should know what public properties are. What they are for and
whose responsibility to maintain them. Try to get the answers from the students.

Social Studies & Creative Arts Book Four 81

post, Red Cross Society, youth club and other volunteers. Thank
god, it all happens on time.
Asmita: Dr. what are you thinking so deeply. Is it about the sick
people?
Dr. Aryan: Ashmita, I think there is no proper drinking water
system here. It seems that the people drink water from unsafe
sources. Wells, ponds, nearby rivers, dharas and pandheras get
polluted during monsoon season. Such water is not safe to drink.
Surroundings like road, play ground, chautara and pati-pauwa
have not been kept clean too. Ashmita, you must do something
to keep the public places, village and surroundings clean.
Otherwise more people will suffer from diseases.
Ashmita: Yes you are right. I will call my volunteer friends to
help.
Ranjit and Ashmita call the village people to the village chautara.
They tell them to organize a ‘Village Cleaning Campaign’ on

82 Social Studies & Creative Arts Book Four

public holidays. All the villagers agree to them.

On Saturday, school children, teachers, volunteers from local
Red Cross Society, Village Youth Club and the villagers get to
work. They have brush, broom, shovel, tiny spade and containers
to collect the garbage. Students and teachers clean road and
playground. Red Cross Society volunteers clean areas around
wells, ponds and rivers. Youth club members clean temple,
monastery and other religious places. Villagers clean around
their houses. It is a well organized cleaning campaign.

After the cleaning is over, they paste pamphlets in the public
places saying ‘No garbage, please!’ Villagers are happy and
grateful to all of them. They offer them food and soft drink.
Once the meal is over, they all gather once again at the setting
place. The volunteers and doctor give the following advice to
the villagers:

a. They should keep the public places and the village
surroundings clean.

b. On every Saturday, they should get together to clean
the public places.

c. Containers provided by the Rural Municipality will be
kept at various places. Garbage and wastes must be
thrown in the containers.

d. There are two types of wastes: biodegradable and
non- biodegradable. Degradable wastes can be used as
manure. Non-biodegradable wastes should be buried
digging a pit.

e. Water from well and river must be boiled before
drinking.

Thus, the village and the public places are kept clean now. There
is no more sickness and sufferings. The neighboring villages also
want to be like Madhuban village. Should we not try to be like
the students of Madhuban village?

Social Studies & Creative Arts Book Four 83

Evaluation Activities:

Have you ever cleaned your house or the sorroundings of your
house? If you have, what did you clean and what tools did you
use?

Write the names of all the public places that you have in your
village.

If you want to conduct a Village Cleaning Campaign like in
Madhuban Village, who do you want to take help from?

Make a list of works done by the of people in Madhuban village.

Group of people Works done by them

Students and teachers
Members of Red Cross Society
Members of village Youth Club
Villagers

Write the advantages of keeping your surroundings clean.

Advantages Disadvantages

Answer the following questions:

a. What do the women and children of Madhuban village
suffer from?

b. Where do most of the people get drinking water from?

c. What programme is conducted to clean the village and
public places?

d. Who volunteers in the cleaning campaign?

e. What can you do to keep your school and house
surrounding clean?

84 Social Studies & Creative Arts Book Four

Lesson Follow Traffic Rules

6 Objectives : At the end of this lesson, the students will be able to:
follow the traffic rules and symbols while walking or crossing the road.

There are many people in the towns and cities. They travel by
bus, microbus, car, motorcycle, scooter, tempo and bicycle. At
the same time, there are people walking on the same road. In
such a situation, there are chances of serious accidents. Valuable
life and property can be lost.

Therefore, there are rules and regulations made for preventing or
minimizing such accidents. The pedestrians and vehicle drivers
must obey these rules. These rules and regulations are called
Traffic Rules. We all should follow the traffic rules to be safe.
Some rules are as follows:

We should always use Zebra crossing, overhead bridge or
subways to cross the road. We should never take a chance
while crossing the road.

We should look at the traffic lights before we cross the road.
Red light means Stop, Yellow means Wait and Green means
Go.

We should never cross a road at the curve and from the
front and back of the vehicle that has just stopped.

We should look to the right first and then the left before
crossing the open street.

We should always walk along the footpath if available. In
case there is no footpath, we should walk along the left
hand side of the road.

Note to the teacher: Take students to a nearby place where they can observe and learn about
traffic rules practically. If it is not possible they should be taught with the help of pictures and
posters. This lesson will be more effective if taught practically.

Social Studies & Creative Arts Book Four 85

We should be disciplined while walking on the road or foot
path. We should walk in a line. We should walk slowly. We
should not push others.

We should never stop a vehicle whereever we like.

We should get into the vehicle or come out of the vehicle
slowly. We should do it only when it is completely stopped.

We should never keep our hands and arms out of windows
in a running vehicle.

Children should never play on roads even if there are no
vehicles running.

Small children should sit between the two elders while

86 Social Studies & Creative Arts Book Four

riding a motor cycle.

Domestic animals should not be set free on the road at any
time.

Things should not be kept on the road to dry. Building
materials like brick, rod, stone, sand, etc. should not be kept
in and around roads.

We have to follow the traffic rules mentioned above. We should
educate our parents, guardians, neighbours and friends about
these rules.

No Parking No Stopping No Right Turn

No U Turn No Horn No Trucks

No Entry School Children No Overtaking

Social Studies & Creative Arts Book Four 87

Evaluation Activities:

Which colour traffic light should you follow to cross the road?

Who will be there to observe if you are following traffic rules or not?

What does the traffic policeman do to those vehicles that do not
follow traffic rules? ( take the help of elders)

Match the following by writing the correct answer in the given
space.

a. Zebra crossing: …………………………… a. Stop

b. Red traffic light: …………………………… b. Cross the road

c. Curved road: …………………………… c. Always walk

d. Bus Stop: …………………………… d. Do not cross

e. Foot path: …………………………… e. Get down

Answer the following questions: the

a. What are traffic rules?
b. What happens if we do not follow traffic rules?
c. Where should we always walk from?
d. How should we cross the open street?
e. Where should small children sit when riding

motorcycle?

Class Activities: Divide the class into groups for the following
activities.

a. Write each of the traffic rules mentioned in the lesson
separately in a paper. Tie them with a string and hang
them in your classroom.

b. Draw and colour the given traffic signs and keep in your
classroom:

a. Zebra crossing b. Traffic Light
c. Overhead Bridge d. Traffic Police

88 Social Studies & Creative Arts Book Four

Lesson Rural Municipality

7 Objectives : At the end of this lesson, the students will be able to:
tell about Rural Municipality and its functions.

Teacher: Good Morning class, how are you?
Students: Good Morning Sir, we are fine. And you please?
Teacher: I'm also fine. Class! Let’s start our new lesson,Rural
Municipality. Are you ready?

Students: Yes, we are ready, Sir.
Teacher: Do you know about VDC?
Students: Yes, we know little about it.

Note to the teacher: You should make the students clear about the role of local authorities as per
the spirit of our present constitution. Similarly, distinct ideas are to be imparted in regard to the
Rural Municipalities and Municipalities.

Social Studies & Creative Arts Book Four 89

Teacher: There were 3913 VDCs in Nepal. They were small
administrative units. They were further divided into 9 wards.
VDCs used to have a chairperson,Vice-chairperson and members.

Students: What did a VDC use to do, Sir?

Teacher: People got several services from there. It used to
give us recommendation for citizenship, keep birth,death and
migration record,conduct sanitation programs, carry out small
scale development works, etc. It also protected and promoted
cultural heritages. But we have Rural Municipalities instead of
VDCs now.

Students: Rural Municipality? What is it, Sir?

Teacher: Our country
now is working for state
restructure. New Local
administrative units
have been formed in the
country.

Students: Are they
like VDCs?

Teacher: Sure,but
they are larger in size. They have government of people’s
representatives at local level. They are supposed to provide more
facilities and are more powerful than VDCs. They are formed
after the local level election.

90 Social Studies & Creative Arts Book Four

Students: How many Rural Municipalities are there in the
country, Sir?

Teacher: There are 753 local authorities including
6 Metropolitan Cities, 11 sub Metropolitian Cities, 276
Municipalities and 460 Rural Municipalities.

Students: What more benefits will we have after the state
restructure?

Teacher: A Rural Municipality and Municipality will have Local
Executive and Local Legislature. They will work for the welfare
of the place concerned. This is expected to be advantageous for
us. They carry out small scale development plans. There will
be good resource mobilization. There will be the promotion of
local art, culture, language and other heritages. Are you clear,
students?

Students: Yes, Sir we fully understood.

Social Studies & Creative Arts Book Four 91

Evaluation Activities:

Complete the following about your Rural Municipality : (can
take help of elders)

(a) Name of Rural Municaplity: ……………, …………………….
(b) Ward no. you live in: ……………………….
(c) Name of Rural Municipality Chairperson & Vice-chairperson: …………..
(d) Names of Rural Municipality members including nominated: ………….

Fill in the blanks with correct words:

(a) A Rural Municipality is the small ……. unit.
(b) There were…….. VDCs in Nepal.
(c) A VDC was divided into ……. wards.
(d) Our country is now doing state………..
(e) We have …..............… instead of VDCs.

Answer the following questions:

(a) What is a Rural Municipality?
(b) How many Rural Municipalities are there in Nepal ?
(c) How many metropolitian cities are there in Nepal?
(d) What is a Local Legislature?
(e) How is a Rural Municipality different from a VDC?
(f) What services can we get from our Rural Municipality?

92 Social Studies & Creative Arts Book Four

Lesson A Muncipality

8 Objectives : At the end of this lesson, the students will be able to:
tell about the formation of a municipality, and
tell the functions of a municipality.

Neelkantha, Dhading

1 Chaitra 2073

Dear Tshiring,

I’m happy to receive your letter. You have asked me to write about
my municipality. Taking help with my parents and social Studies
Teacher, I’m writing you what I know about a municipality.

As you know, I live in Sunaula Bazaar. It is in Neelakantha
Municipality in Dhading district. You may wonder what a
municipality is! It is a kind of administrative unit just like a

Note to the teacher: Ask the students about the place they live. Find from them whether it’s a
municipality or a Rural Municipality, if a municipality, how many wards and what facilities there
are. You can also take them on a visit to the municipality office if there is one in and around.

Social Studies & Creative Arts Book Four 93

Rural Municipality. There are also metropolitan cities and sub
metropolitan cities in Nepal.

Municipalities are established as per the population density,
infrastructural development and the available facilities like
roads, electricity, drinking water and other basic facilities.

Kathmandu is the first metropolitan city of Nepal. It is called as
Kathmandu Metropolitan City.

Depending on its size in population, a municipality is divided
into 9 to 35 wards.

The formation procedures of a municipality are more or less
like that of a Rural Municipality. But, the head of a municipality
is called Mayor and next to him is called Deputy Mayor. Just
like Rural Municipality, the wards have a chairman and four
members. There are altogether 276 municipalities in Nepal.

A municipality has a lot of responsibilities:
• It is a link between the people in the municipality and the

government.
• It is directly responsible for the development and welfare of

the municipality and its people.
• It does all the works that a Rural Municipality does.
• It provides fire brigade services.
• It regulates market places.
• It establishes bus parks.
• It maintains roads, public and historical places.

94 Social Studies & Creative Arts Book Four

• It carries out cleanliness and afforestation programmes.

• It arranges for orphanages and street lighting.

• It promotes cultural heritages, small and cottage industries.

• It passes houses and building drawings and designs etc in its
area.

With best regards to your parents!

Yours loving friend,
Hakocha

Social Studies & Creative Arts Book Four 95

Evaluation Activities:

Complete the following table. 276

Municipality
Sub-metropolitan City

Metropolitan City

Answer the following questions:

(a) What are the requirements to be a municipality?
(b) What are the functions of a municipality?
(c) What works should you do to help your municipality?
(d) What are the different categories of municipality?
(e) How many sub-metropolitan cities are there in Nepal?

Write their names.

List out any five functions of a municipality.

Fill in the blanks with corrects words.

a. There are ............. municipalities in Nepal.
b. A municipality can be divided into ............. to .............

wards.
c. The head of the municipality is called .............
d. There are ............. sub-metropolitan cities and ..............

metropolitan cities in Nepal.

Draw an outline map of Nepal and show the location of
metropolitan city.

96 Social Studies & Creative Arts Book Four

Unit -5

Our Earth

Lesson 1 Rupandehi: A District of Nepal
Lesson 2 Humla: An Interesting District
Lesson 3 Mother Earth
Lesson 4 Structure of The Earth
Lesson 5 India: Our Next Door

Neighbouring Country
Lesson 6 China: Another Neighouring

County

Lesson Rupandehi: A District of Nepal

1 Objectives : At the end of this lesson, the students will be able to:
tell the physical features of their district, and
know about the social life of the people in the district.

Rupandehi is one of the six districts
in Lumbini Zone. It is in province
no. 5. It is bordered to four districts
of Lumbini Zone from three sides
and Uttar Pradesh of India on one
side. Nawalparasi is in the east,
Palpa and Arghakhanchi are on the
north and Kapilbastu in the west.
It is the birth place of Gautama
Buddha.

It is mostly plain. However, the
altitude rises from south to north.
Along the northern border, there is
chure range. Being flat and a part
of terai, it is hot and humid.

There are thick forests of sal, sisau, and teak like Sal Jhundi,
Jogi Kuti forests. It is irrigated mainly by Tinau River. The river
originates from Palpa district and enters Rupandehi from Butwal.
The width of river ranges from 200 meters to 700 meters.
Water from Tinau river is the source for drinking and irrigation.
Riverside cutting and flooding are the major problems created
by this river in the district.

Note to the teacher: You can ask students to collect information about other districts. They can be
given a project work. Students should be encouraged and motivated to understand the land form,
vegetation and socio-economic situation of the different districts.

98 Social Studies & Creative Arts Book Four

The main crops are rice, wheat, corn, etc. Tropical fruits like
banana, papaya, coconut, jackfruits, pineapple, mango, etc. are
grown here.

There are many agriculture based industries like poultry farming,
fishery, biscuit factories, rice mill, etc. Majority of the people are
engaged in agriculture. However, in towns and cities, people are
engaged in trade, business and services. Because of Lumbini,
tourism industry is also growing day by day. Every year a large
number of domestic and foreign tourists visit Rupandehi district.

Other than the birth place of Lord Buddha, the other places of
interest are Aap Khola, Butwal Hill Park, Jitgadhi - a fortress
during Anglo Nepal war, Sainamaina etc.

Butwal and Siddarthanagar are main cities in Rupandehi.
Butwal is also the zonal headquarters. Butwal is a major
center of education. There are many colleges in Butwal and
Siddharthanagar. Both the cities are fast developing. There are

Social Studies & Creative Arts Book Four 99

many industries in Rupandehi. Actually, it is one of the gateways
to India.

Butwal City

It is well connected by roads. There is an airport as well. The
main road is Butwal- Sunauli road. The East- West national
highway goes across this district. The nearest towns and cities
from here are Palpa, Pokhara and Narayanghat.

Buses are the dominant form of transportation. Rickshaws are
used for short-distance urban transport. More than 100 buses
depart to Kathmandu from Butwal daily. There is a border custom
office at Sunauli.

People of different castes and religions live here. There is a
mix of terai and hilly people. Hilly people are mostly migrated
from nearby hilly districts. Hindus are in the majority. They
celebrate  Holi, Teej, Maha Shivratri, Dashain, Tihar and Bhai
Tika, Chhat, etc.

There are also Muslims of Terai origin and some Christians. There
is a very good and harmonious relationship among different
religious and ethnic communities.

100 Social Studies & Creative Arts Book Four