class-11, Nepali book

g]kfnL

sIff !!

gk] fn ;/sf/
lzIff, lj1fg tyf k|ljlw dGqfno

kf7\oj|md ljsf; sG] b|

;fgf]l7dL, eStk'/

ks| fzs M gk] fn ;/sf/
lzIff, lj1fg tyf kl| jlw dGqfno

kf7o\ jm| d ljsf; sG] b|

;fgf]l7dL, eStk/'

© kf7\oj|md ljsf; s]Gb|

lj=;=+ @)&&

dN" o M
db' 0| f M

kf7o\ jm| d ljsf; sG] bs| f] lnlvt :jLsl[ tlagf Jofkfl/s ko| fh] gsf nflu
o;sf] k/" } jf cfl+ zs efu xa' x' ks| fzg ug,{ kl/jtg{ u//] ks| fzg ug,{ sg' }
ljBt' Lo ;fwgdf ptfg{ jf cGo /s] 8{ ug{ / kl| tlnlk lgsfNg kfOg] 5g}  .

xfdf| ] egfO

lzIffn] ljBfyL{df 1fgsf] vf]hL u/L l;sfO / jf:tljs hLjglar ;DaGw :yflkt u5{ .
lzIffn] ljBfyL{df clwsf/, :jtGqtf / ;dfgtfsf] kj| wg{ ug{], :j:y hLjgsf] cEof;
ug,{] tfls{s ljZn]if0f u/L lg0f{o ug{] / j1} flgs ljZni] f0fsf cfwf/df JolSt, ;dfh /
/fi6s« f] lbuf] ljsf;df ;l/s ;Ifdtfsf] ljsf; ug{k' 5{ . o:t} ljBfyL{df g}lts cfr/0fsf]
k|bzg{ , ;fdflhs ;be\ fj / kofj{ /0fLo ;Gtn' g k|lt ;j+ ]bgzLntf Pjd\ lbuf] zflGtsf
nflu k|lta4 /xg] ;Ifdtfsf] ljsf; ug]{ ck]Iff ul/Psf] 5 . lzIffn] cfwl' gs 1fg, l;k,
;r" gf tyf ;~rf/ k|ljlwsf] ko| fu] ug{,] :jfjnDaL / Joj;fodv' L l;ksf] cEof; ug{,] /fi6«,
/fli6«otf / /fli6o« cfbz{sf] ;Ddfg ug]{, ;dfh :jLsfo{ cfr/0f / sfo;{ +:s[ltsf]
cjnDag ug{], ;lxi0f' efj /fVg] gful/s tof/ ugk{' 5{ . o:t} lzIffaf6 l;hg{ zLn,
sNkgfzLn, pBdzLn Pjd\ pRr ;f]r / cfbz{df cfwfl/t Jojxf/ ug],{ ;d;fdlos
rg' ft} Lx¿sf] ;kmn Joj:yfkg ugn{] ufotsf ljzi] ftfn] oS' t :jfjnDaL, bz] eSt,
kl/jt{gd'vL, lrGtgzLn Pjd\ ;dfj]zL ;dfh lgdf{0fdf ofu] bfg ug{ ;Sg] gful/s
tof/Lsf] ck]Iff klg ul/Psf] 5 . oL kIfnfO{ b[li6ut u/L /fli6o« kf7\oj|md kf| ¿k,
@)&^ cg;' f/ tof/ ul/Psf] sIff !! sf] gk] fnL ljifosf] kf7o\ j|mddf cfwfl/t eO{ of]
kf7o\ k':ts ljsf; ul/Psf] xf] .

o; kf7o\ k:' tssf] n]vg >L a]u]Gb| ;A' af, >L bj] Lk|;fb l3ld/,] >L /fdrGb| vgfn /
>L 1fg]Zj/ lg/f}nfaf6 ePsf] xf] . kf7\ok:' tsnfO{ o; ¿kdf Nofpg] sfod{ f o;
s]Gbs| f dxflgb]{zs >L s]zjk;| fb bfxfn, 8f= n]vgfy kf}8n] , kf| =8f= /dz] k|;fb e6\6/fO,{
8f= gj/fh s6\6]n, 8f= hfg'sf gk] fn, 8f= uLtf v/]n, >L lji0f' 1jfnL, >L gf/fo0fhª yfkf,
>L 6s' /fh clwsf/L, >L u0f]zk;| fb e66\ /fO{ / >L k'?iffQ] d l3ld/]sf] of]ubfg /x]sf] 5 .
o;sf] ljifoj:t' ;Dkfbg >L OGb' vgfnaf6, efiff ;Dkfbg >L lrgfsd' f/L lg/f}nfaf6 /
n]cfp6 l8hfOg >L ;Gtf]ifs'df/ bfxfnaf6 ePsf] xf] . o; kf7o\ k':tssf] ljsf; sfo{df
;+nUg ;ak} l| t kf7o\ j|md ljsf; sG] b| wGojfb k|s6 ub{5 .

kf7\ok:' tsnfO{ lzIf0f l;sfOsf] dxìjk0" f{ ;fwgsf ¿kdf lnOG5 . o; kf7o\ k':tssf]
k|of]uaf6 kf7\ojm| dåf/f nlIft ;Ifdtf xfl;n ug{ ljBfyL{nfO{ ;xof]u kU' g] ck]Iff
ul/Psf] 5 . kf7o\ k:' tsnfO{ ;s;] Dd lj|mofsnfkd'vL / ?lrs/ agfpg] ko| Tg ul/Psf]
5 . o; kf7o\ k':tsnfO{ cem} kl/is[t kfgs{ f nflu lzIfs, ljBfyL,{ cleefjs, a'l4hLjL
Pjd\ ;Dk0" f{ kf7sx¿sf] ;d]t dxìjk"0f{ el" dsf /xg] xb'F f ;Da4 ;as} f] /rgfTds
;e' mfjsf nflu kf7\ojm| d ljsf; s]Gb| xflb{s cg/' fw] ub{5 .

lj=;= @)&& kf7\oj|md ljsf; s]Gb|



ljifoj:t'

j|m=;= ljifoj:t' ki[ 7 ;=+

! jL/ kv' f{ -sljtf_ !

@= ufpsF f] dfof -;fdflhs sYff_ !@

#= ;+:s[ltsf] gofF ofqf -cfTdk/s lgaGw_ #)

$= of]udfof -/fli6o« hLjgL_ $%

%= ;fyLnfO{ lr7L -lr7L_ ^$

^= Tof] kml] / kmsn{ f < -dgfj] 1} flgs sYff_ &&

&= kof{ko{6gsf ;Defjgf / cfofd -j:t'k/s lgaGw_ (&

*= nf} cfof] tfhf va/ -n3' gf6s_ !!!

(= ;kmntfsf] syf -l/kf]tf{hd"ns /rgf_ !@&

!)= sl[ ifzfnfdf Ps lbg -;j+ fb_ !$)

!!= /f/f e|d0f -bl} gsL_ !%#

!@= hn;|f]t / pmhf{ -jSt[tf_ !^^



kf7 – Jff;'bj] lqkf7L

! jL/ kv' f{ 1

sg' kxf8n] sg' vf]nfn] ltd|f] ult 5]sY] of] /
jL/ kv' f{ Û s'g cfFwLn] ltdf| ] ofqf /f]sY] of] /
u?8sf] emF} ju] ltd|f] s'g cfsfzn] afWF g ;Sof]
kf/} vn] /Rof} g]kfn Û kxf8 t/fO{ h6' g\ ;Sof] .

kj" { l6:6f ltdLnfO{ ;DemL cem} ?G5 xf]nf
klZrd /faL ltd|f] cem} /Stwf/f w'G5 xfn] f
sfuF 8f / snªu\ fsf] 9'ªu\ f df6f] af]N5 xfn] f
jL/ kv' f{ Û ltd|f] uLt uªu\ fel/ u'FH5 xfn] f .

l8urfd{ f 8fa] ltdf| ] lr;f] lxpFleq xf]nf
jq] fjtL lsgf/el/ kf}/vsf] lrgf] xf]nf
jL/ kv' f{ Û ltdLnfO{ ldt]/Ln] dfq} afFWof]
;fu/ t/L ;+;f/el/ jL/ ufv] f{ /ut aUof] .

gfsf yg' L g]kfnLnfO{ s;n] 5S] g ;sY] of] /
lxdfnsf] lxdgbL s;n] /fS] g ;sY] of] /
jL/ k'vf{ Û ltd}| /ut gk] fnLsf g;fel/
pxL uLt pxL uf/} j rGb|;o" { Wjhfel/ .

gk] fnL, sIff !!

zAbe08f/

!= …jL/ kv' fÚ{ sljtf ult, olt / lj/fdsf cfwf/df no ldnfO{ k9\gx' f];\ M
$ cIf/ $ cIf/ $ cIf/ $ cIf/
sg' kxf8n] s'g vfn] fn] ltdf| ] ult 5s] ]Yof] /
jL/ k'vf{ sg' cfFwLn] ltd|f] ofqf /fs] ]Yof] /
u?8sf] emF} j]u ltdf| ] sg' cfsfzn] afWF g ;Sof]
kf/} vn] /Rof} g]kfn kxf8 t/fO{ h'6g\ ;Sof]

@= lbOPsf cy{ lbg] zAb kf7af6 5fg/] nV] gx' f];\ M
-s_ lu4 kh| fltsf] 7'nf] kIfL ljzi] f
-v_ k|jfx
-u_ 8fd
-3_ uf}8F f
-ª_ k?' iffy{

#= tn lbOPsf zAbnfO{ jfSodf ko| f]u ug'x{ f];\ M
kj{t, tL/, axfb'/, ;ª\st] , ge, ;d'b|, kfiff0f, emG8f

$= lbOPsf zAb;Fu ldNg] cgk' |f;oS' t zAb vf]Hg'xf;] \ M
cfwF L, ju] , vf]nf, t/fO,{ wf/f, df6f,] /ut, uf}/j, ofqf
af]w / cleJolSt
!= sljtf k9L lbOPsf k|Zgsf] pQ/ lbg'xf];\ M

-s_ sljtfdf sltcf6] f Znf]s 5g\ <
-v_ s'g s'g kª\lStdf ;a}eGbf a9L kb /xs] f 5g\ <
-u_ ;dfg kb;ª\Vof ePsf] Znf]s sg' xf] <

2 gk] fnL, sIff !!

-3_ s'g kª\lStdf ;a}eGbf sd kb /x]sf 5g\ <
-ª_ sljtfdf ko| fu] ePsf gbL / :yfgsf] ;r" L agfpg'xf;] \ .
@= …jL/ k'vfÚ{ sljtfsf] klxnf] Znf]s k9L To;nfO{ uBdf ¿kfGt/ ug'{xf;] \ .
#= sljtf k9L ljifosf] j|md ldnfP/ nV] g'xf];\ M
-s_ jL/ kv' fx{ ¿sf] /ut gk] fnLsf] g;f g;fdf 5 .
-v_ jL/ kv' fs{ f] ultnfO{ vf]nf / cfFwLn] /fS] g ;Sb}g .
-u_ j]qfjtLsf] lsgf/df g]kfnLsf] kf}/vsf] lrgf] 5 .
-3_ sfFu8f / snªu\ fn] g]kfnsf] Oltxf; afn] s] f] 5 .
-ª_ k'vfs{ f] kf}/vn] g]kfnsf] kxf8 / t/fOn{ fO{ hf8] s] f] 5 .
$= lbOPsf] sljtfz+ k9\g'xf;] \ / ;ª\lIfKt pQ/ n]Vg'xf;] \ M
l8urfd{ f 8f]a ltdf| ] lr;f] lxplF eq xfn] f
jq] fjtL lsgf/el/ kf/} vsf] lrgf] xfn] f
jL/ kv' f{ Û ltdLnfO{ ldt/] Ln] dfq} afFWof]
;fu/ t/L ;+;f/el/ jL/ uf]vf{ /ut aUof] .
kZ| gx¿
-s_ dflysf] sljtfz+ df xfdf| k'vfx{ ¿sf af/]df s] elgPsf] 5 <
-v_ xfdLn] xfd|f kv' f{sf] uf}/j s;/L hf]ufpg ;S5f}F <
-u_ …;fu/ t/L ;;+ f/el/ jL/ uf]vf{ /ut aUof] .Ú o; sygsf] tfTko{ s] xf] <
%= lbOPsf] sljtf+z k9L ;f]lwPsf kZ| gx¿sf] lbgx' f];\ M
sg' kxf8n] s'g vf]nfn] ltd|f] ult 5s] Y] of] /
jL/ k'vf{ Û s'g cfFwLn] ltd|f] ofqf /fs] ]Yof] /
u?8sf] em}F j]u ltdf| ] s'g cfsfzn] afWF g ;Sof]
kf}/vn] /Rof} g]kfn Û kxf8 t/fO{ h'6g\ ;Sof] .

g]kfnL, sIff !! 3

kZ| gx¿
-s_ g]kfnLx¿sf] s:tf] kf}/vn] gk] fnsf] /rgf ePsf] xf] <

-v_ sljtf+zsf cfwf/df xfd|f jL/ kv' f{sf] uf/} j ufyfsf] j0f{g ugx{' f;] \ .
^= …jL/ k'vfÚ{ sljtfsf] Rffy} f] Znfs] nfO{ dV' o cfwf/ agfO{ lbOPsf kZ| gsf] pQ/

lbgx' f];\ M
-s_ g]kfnLx¿sf] jL/tf s;/L u'lGhPsf] 5 <
-v_ rGb|;o" { Wjhfdf s:tf] uf/} j cª\lst 5 <
&= lbOPsf] sljtf+zsf] JofVof ug'x{ f;] \ M
u?8sf] em}F ju] ltd|f] sg' cfsfzn] afWF g ;Sof]
kf/} vn] /Rof} gk] fn Û kxf8 t/fO{ h'6\g ;Sof] .
*= lbOPsf aFb' fsf cfwf/df …jL/ kv' fÚ{ sljtfsf] ;dLIffTds l6Kk0fL ugx{' f;] \ M
-s_ kv' f{sf] ljho ofqfnfO{ kxf8 / vf]nfn] 5]Sg tyf cfFwLn] /fS] g g;s]sf]
-v_ cfsfzdf :jR5Gb p8g\ ] u?8sf] h:tf] j]u
-u_ kf/} vL kv' f{n] t/fO{, kxf8 / lxdfnnfO{ hf8] ]/ g]kfn agfPsf
-3_ xfd|f jL/ kv' f{sf] axfb'/Lsf] uLt l6:6f / /faL gbL tyf sfuF 8f, snª\uf /

uª\uf;Dd u'lGhPsf]
-ª_ pQ/df ltAat;Dd kf/} vL kfOnf k'us] f]
-r_ ldqtfn] dfq kv' fx{ ¿sf] ljho ofqfnfO{ /f]Sg ;ss] f]
-5_ k'vf{x¿sf] axfb'/L ;+;f/e/ kml} nPsf]
-h_ xfdf| ] g;fdf cfh klg kv' fs{ } /ut au]sf]
(= lbOPsf] cgR' 5]b k9L d'Vo dV' o abF' fx¿ l6Kgx' f];\ M
;'? ;'?df Oltxf; klg ;flxTos} Ps cªu\ sf ¿kdf dflgPsf] lyof] . dflg;x¿nfO{
cfgGb lbnfpg] tyf dgf]/~hg kb| fg ug{] ;fwgsf ¿kdf o;sf] k|of]u ul/GYof] .
Oltxf;sf ;To 36gfnfO{ a9LeGbf a9L /f]rs agfpg cgs] sfNklgs s/' f ;dfj]z

4 gk] fnL, sIff !!

ul/GYof] . o;n] ubf{ Oltxf;sf] jf:tljstf s] xf], klxNofpg;d]t ufx|f] kYof]{ .
O;fk"j{ kfFrf}F ztfAbLlt/sf sx] L lrGtsx¿ Oltxf;nfO{ tYok"0f{ agfpg k|oTgzLn
lyP . lus| ljåfg\ x/] f]8f6] ;sf] gfd o; k|;ª\udf ljz]if pNnv] gLo 5 . pgL
Oltxf;sf ky| d l;4fGtsf/sf ¿kdf klg lrlgG5g\ . x/] f8] f]6;kl5 yk' |} ljåfgx\ ¿n]
Oltxf;nfO{ syf / bGTosyfeGbf cnu 9ª\un] n]Vg] k|oTg u/] . x]/f]8f]6;s}
cgo' foL Yo'l;8fO;n] kn] fk] f]g]l;og o4' sf] Oltxf; cfˆg} JolStut cjnfs] g
/ kT| oIfbzL{sf] aofgsf cfwf/df tof/ kf/]sf lyP . cl/:6f]6nn] Oltxf;nfO{
bfzl{ gs lrGtgsf ¿kdf lnPsf lyP . dWosfndf cfP/ o'/f]kdf Oltxf;nfO{
wd{;Fu uf;F /] cWoog / kl/eflift ug]{ kl/kf6L ljsf; eof] . ;f]/fF} ;qfF} ztfAbLdf
o'/fk] df cfPsf] kg' hfu{ /0fn] eg] Oltxf; nv] gdf 7'n} kl/jt{g Nofof] . o; o'udf
cfPsf] kl/jt{gn] ubf{ km]l/ ljåfg\x¿n] Oltxf; n]vgnfO{ tYok0" f{ agfpg yfn] .
cfwl' gs o'udf Oltxf; n]vgsf] j}1flgs k4ltsf] ljsf; eof] . o; ou' df kf| rLg
Oltxf;sf] vf]hLsf] k|lj|mof klg tLj| eof] / Oltxf; Pp6f 5'66\ } ljwfsf ¿kdf
:yflkt eof] .

!)= lbOPsf] cgR' 5]b k9L ;f]lwPsf kZ| gx¿sf] hjfkm lbg'xf];\ M

efiff ofbl[ R5s jfSkt| Lsx¿sf] To:tf] Joj:yf xf,] h;sf ;xfotfn] ;dfhsf
JolStx¿ cfˆgf] ljrf/ ljlgdo ub5{ g\ . efiffnfO{ :ki6 ¿kdf lrGg o;sf k|sl[ t
/ ljzi] ftfx¿sf] pNnv] ug'{ cem ;fGbles{ 7xl/G5 . efiff k0" ft{ M k}t[s ;DklQ geO{
dflg;sf] cflht{ ;DklQ xf] . efiff ;fdflhs j:t' xf] / of] Psks| f/sf] k/Dk/f klg
xf] . sg' } klg JolSt efiffsf] cfh{g ug{ ;Sb5 t/ k"0f¿{ kn] pTkfbg ug{ ;Sbg} .
jf:tjdf efiff cg's/0fåf/f cfhg{ ug]{ ul/G5 . efiff kl/jt{gzLn xg' ] ePsfn]
o;sf] s'g} clGtd :j¿k xFb' }g . efiffsf] efu} f]lns / P]ltxfl;s ;Ldf xG' 5 . kT| os]
efiffsf] cfˆg} ks| f/sf] ;/+ rgf x'G5 . :jfefljs ¿kdf x/s] efiff hl6ntfaf6
;/ntftkm{ ofqfzLn /xG5 . To:t} x/]s efiff cfˆgf] ljsf;sf] jm| ddf :yn" af6
;"Idlt/ / ckl/kSjsf] l:yltaf6 kl/kSjsf] l:yltlt/ ofqf/t /xG5 . ;a} efiffsf]
cfˆgf] dfgs ¿k xG' 5 . ofb[lR5stf, l;h{gfTdstf, åw} tf, ;fGbles{ tf, dfl} vstf,
>fjl0fstf efiffsf ljzi] ftf xg' \ .

gk] fnL, sIff !! 5

kZ| gx¿
-s_ efiff egs] f] s] xf] <
-v_ efiffsf ljzi] ftfx¿ atfpg'xf];\ .
-u_ …jfSk|tLsÚ / …ofbl[ R5sÚ zAbsf] cy{ n]vL jfSodf k|ofu] ug'x{ f];\ .
-3_ o; cgR' 5b] sf] klxnf] jfSonfO{ ;o+ 'St jfSodf abNg'xf];\ .

;g' fO / af]nfO
!= ;'gfO kf7 ! ;'Gg'xf];\ / vfnL 7fpF eg{'xf];\ M
kfl/G5 ========================= ha v08 v08
/xG5 s] /fi6« ToxfF ========================
======================== kQf ha vft vft
l;l4G5 ======================== clg k"mnaf6 .
@= /fi6« hfu] fpg s] s] ug'{k5{, ;g' fO kf7sf cfwf/df 5nkmn u/L kl| tlj|mof JoSt

ug{x' f];\ .
#= ljljwtfn] el/k"0f{ g]kfnnfO{ s;/L Pstfa4 /fVg ;lsG5, ts{ k:| tt' ugx'{ f;] \ .
efifftìj
g]kfnL j0f{x¿ -n]Vo / sYo_
gk] fnL n]Vo j0f{
g]kfnL nV] o j0f{x¿ lgDgfg;' f/ 5g\ M
• :j/ j0f{
c cf O O { p pm C
P P] cf ] cf} c + cM
• Jo~hg j0f{
s v u 3 ª

6 g]kfnL, sIff !!

r 5 h em `
6 7 8 9 0f
t y b w g
k km a e d
o / n j z if ; x If q 1
gk] fnL pRrf/0fdf cfpg] j0f{
af]nrfndf jf pRrf/0fdf cfpg] j0f{x¿ o;ks| f/ 5g\, h:t} M
• :j/ j0f{

c cf O p P cf]
• Jo~hg j0f{
s v u 3 ª
r 5 h em
6 7 8 9
t y b w g
k km a e d
o / n j ; x
g]kfnL Jo~hgsf] juLs{ /0f
g]kfnL Jo~hg j0fn{ fO{ pRrf/0f :yfg, pRrf/0f ko| Tg, 3fi] fTj / kf| 0fTjsf cfwf/df
juL{s/0f ul/G5 .
!= pRrf/0f :yfgsf cfwf/df
pRrf/0f :yfgsf cfwf/df g]kfnL Jo~hg j0f{x¿ lgDglnlvt 5g\ M

-s_ s07o\ M s v u 3 ª
-v_ bGtd"nLo M r 5 h em 6 7 8 9 g / n ;

g]kfnL, sIff !! 7

-u_ bGTo M t y b w 9
-3_ cf]i7o\ M k km a e d j e
-ª_ tfnJo M o
-r_ :j/dGqd'vL M x
@= pRrf/0f ko| Tgsf cfwf/df
pRrf/0f ko| Tgsf cfwf/df g]kfnL Jo~hg j0f{x¿ lgDglnlvt 5g\ M
-s_ :kzL{ M s v u 3 6 7 8
t y b w k km a
-v_ :kz;{ ª\3ifL{ M r 5 h em
-u_ ;ª3\ ifL{ M ; x
-3_ gfl;So M ª g d
-ª_ slDkt M /
-r_ kflZjs{ M n
-5_ cw{:j/ M o j
#= 3fi] fTjsf cfwf/df
3fi] fTjsf cfwf/df g]kfnL Jo~hg j0fx{ ¿ lgDglnlvt 5g\ M
-s_ 3f]if M u h 8 b a 3 em 9 w e ª g d o / n j x
-v_ c3fi] f M s r 6 t k v 5 7 y km ;
$= k|f0fTjsf cfwf/df
kf| 0fTjsf cfwf/df gk] fnL Jo~hg j0f{x¿ lgDglnlvt 5g\ M
-s_ cNkk|f0f M s r 6 t k u h 8 b a ª g d o / n j
-v_ dxfk|f0f M v 5 7 y km 3 em 9 w e ; x

8 gk] fnL, sIff !!

kZ| gx¿
!= sYo gk] fnLdf gePsf j0fx{ ¿ sg' s'g x'g,\ nV] gx' f;] \ .
@= lbOPsf n]Vo j0f{x¿sf] pRrf/0f s:tf] xG' 5, nV] gx' f];\ M
O { ============= pm =============
C ============= P ] =============
cf} ============= c + =============
cM ============= ` =============
0f ============= z =============
if ============= If =============
q ============= 1 =============
#= lbOPsf] sljtf+zaf6 uf9f j0f{ l6kL ltgsf] pRrf/0f :yfg 5'6\ofpg'xf;] \ M

s'g kxf8n] s'g vf]nfn] ltd|f] ult 5s] Y] of] /
jL/ k'vf{ Û s'g cfwF Ln] ltd|f] ofqf /fs] Y] of] /
u?8sf] em}F ju] ltd|f] sg' cfsfzn] afWF g ;Sof]
kf/} vn] /Rof} gk] fn . kxf8 t/fO{ h6' \g ;Sof] .
$= …sfFu8f / snª\ufsf] 9ª' u\ f df6f] afN] 5 xf]nfÚ kª\lStdf /x]sf ;Unf Jo~hg j0f{nfO{
pRrf/0f :yfgsf cfwf/df klxrfg u/L ;r" La4 ug[{'xf];\ .
%= lbOPsf] cgR' 5b] af6 kfrF cf6] f ;3f]if / kfrF cf6] f c3fi] f j0f{ vf]hL n]Vgx' f];\ M
g]kfnsf sltko efiff clxn] klg sYo k/Dk/fdf g} ;Lldt 5g\ . n]Vo k/Dk/f
ePsf efiffx¿df g]kfnL, d}lynL, g]jf/L, tfdfª, du/, lnDa', efh] k'/L, cjwL cflb
xg' \ . cGo sx] L efiffx¿df n]Vo k/Dk/fsf] ljsf; xbF' } 5 . o:tf efiffx¿ u'?ª,
yn' 'ª, afGtjf, rflDnª, vflnª, s'nª' cflb x'g\ .
^= lbOPsf kªl\ Staf6 kfrF cf6] f cNkkf| 0f / kfrF cf6] f dxfkf| 0f j0f{ klxrfg u/L nV] gx' f;] \ M
l8urfd{ f 8f]a ltdf| ] lr;f] lxplF eq xf]nf

gk] fnL, sIff !! 9

a]qfjtL lsgf/el/ kf/} vsf] lrgf] xf]nf
jL/ kv' f{ Û ltdLnfO{ ldt/] Ln] dfq} afFWof]
;fu/ t/L ;+;f/el/ jL/ uf]vf{ /ut aUof] .
&= lbOPsf j0fx{ ¿sf] pRrf/0f :yfg / k|f0fTjsf] klxrfg u/L n]Vg'xf];\ M
s, em, 6, t, km, x
*= pRrf/0f ko| Tg / 3fi] fTjsf cfwf/df lbOPsf j0fx{ ¿sf] klxrfg u/L n]Vgx' f];\ M
v 5 ; g o a
(= pRrf/0f :yfg / 3f]ifTjsf cfwf/df lbOPsf Jo~hg j0f{sf] juLs{ /0f ug{'xf;] \ M
3 b 5 x km o
!)= pRrf/0f k|oTg / kf| 0fTjsf cfwf/df lbOPsf Jo~hg j0fx{ ¿sf] juLs{ /0f ugx'{ f;] \ M
d ; 7 h y /
l;hg{ f / kl/ofh] gf
!= lbOPsf] sljtfz+ df pkoS' t zAb 5fgL egx{' f];\ M
-lxdfnsf], d}bfgdf, ufyf afs] L, Gofgf] 3fd_
uf/} jsf] =============== l;h{gfsf] kmn" /fk] L
g]kfnLsf] dgd'6' ============= lxpFn] 5fk] L
cfPF tn dw;] df Gofgf] tfkL ================
pbfPsf] ============= kj" s{ f] Tof] laxfgLdf .
@= lbOPsf] sljtfz+ k9\g'xf];\ / To:t} nodf c¿ rf/ kª\lSt yKgx' f];\ M
ltdL plePsf] Ps d7' L df6f]
prfn]/ x/] ] e]l6G5 ls af6f]
df6f] hLjg xf,] df6f] g} xf] dfof
df6f] ;uF fn]/ vf]h cfˆg} 5fof .

10 gk] fnL, sIff !!

#= b]zelStsf] efjgfn] cf]tk|ft] ePsf] Pp6f sljtf jf uLt /rgf u/L sIffdf
;'gfpgx' f];\ .

$= cleefjs jf cGo hfgsf/ JolSt;Fu ;f]wvfh] u/L cfˆgf] kfrF k':tfsf] kV' of{n} L
ljj/0f tyf j+ztflnsf lgdf{0f ugx{' f;] \ / sIffdf k|bzg{ ugx{' f];\ .

;g' fO kf7 !
kfl/G5 ;Qf ha v08 v08
/xG5 s] /fi6« ToxfF cv08 <
yl' tG5 kQf ha vft vft
l;l4G5 zfe] f clg km" naf6 .

gfgf snf sfz} n ;Eotfsf]
ljlrqtfsf] t/ Pstfsf]
cxf] lxdfnL k'mn NoF" ls xft
Ps} yu'F fdf ;o nfv kft .

;fef/ M …/fi6l« gdft{ fÚ v08sfJo -/fi6s« lj dfwj l3ld/]_

gk] fnL, sIff !! 11

kf7

@ ufpFsf] dfof

– O:dfnL

nueu bO' { jifk{ l5 ufpFlt/
kmss]{ f] lyPF . oL bO' { jif{sf lardf
w/] } k6s k|of; u/]F – ufplF t/
hfpmF eg]/ . t/ x/]s k6s Pp6f
cNemf] cfOkYof]{ / ko| f; sj] n
k|of;} /xg hfGYof] . o;k6s
aNntNn pDs/] cfpg ;ss] f]
lyPF . af6fel/ cfFvfdf ufpF g}
gflr/x\of] . dfg;k6nel/ ufpF g}
;nanfO/xo\ f] – aw' gf, kl/5g, /fdb/;, avtaxfb'/, sfG5f] efO, cfdf, af, 3/, l5d]s,
6fn] / ufpF, ;N' tfgf 8fFss' f] gf}6ªs\ L, dxfjL/hLsf] emG8fdn] f, xf6ahf/=== clg o:t} o:t}
y'k|} 36gfx¿ . Ps ;do ufpsF f oL 36gf, le8ef8, rxnkxnx¿sf] d k|ToIfbzL{ lyPF .
Tolt dfq xf]Og, d klg ltgd} lyPF . clxn] cfP/ tL ;asf] k[ys\tfafw] stf stf Rjf:;
laemfpF5 – cfkmF}nfO{ . ufpFdf a:g gkfpgs' f] kL8faf]w xnSs dfl} nG5 5ftLel/ . cl:t
ev{/ dfq efOn] lr7L nv] Y] of], …bfh' Û crn] t kl/5gsf] 6fn] df an] 'sL a]n'sL …/lag–x'8Ú
sf] gf6s l/x;{n ub}{ 5g\ .Ú cfxf Û lr7L k9/] d slt v;' L ePy=]F == . lr7L kl9;sk] l5
hLjgdf d}n] nueu klxnf] k6s af]w u/F] – xfdf| ] ufpdF f klg ;fRF r}sf dfG5]x¿ /x5] g\
hf] hLjgnfO{ a'‰b} 5g\ . xfdf| ] ufpF klg s]xL xf] / sx] L xg' ;S5 / oxL …sx] L x'gÚ' g} d/] f
nflu cyjf xfd|f nflu dfg] d, aw' gf, kl/5g / avtaxfb'/sf xsdf hLjg v'NbYof] cyft{ \
hLjgsf], afFRgs' f] dfg] nfUbYof] .

Ps k6s :jod\ kl/5gn] klg ;fob d/] f] efOåf/f g} xg' ;S5, nv] fP/ k7fPYof] –
æls;g efO Û ltdLx¿ t nv] k9 u/]/ 7'nf dfG5] eof} . ;uF s} f ;fyL xfdL, nfU5, w/] }
k5fl8 5l' 6;Sof}F . s7} Û ltdL klg ufpFdf al;lbFbf xf} t xfdL h:tf uFjf/n] klg b'O{rf/
s'/f hfGg] dfs} f kfpg] lyof}F .Æ xg' t kl/5gn] ;f]emf] lx;fan] g} egs] f] xf]nf, t/ dnfO{
stf stf nfUof] ls dnfO{ 7n' f] dfG5] agfP/ kl/5g ddfly JoªU\ o s:b} 5 . kl/5gsf]
of] ug' f;f;] Fu} ufpF a:g gkfpg'sf] kL8fafw] dleq kml] / klg hLjGt ePYof] .

12 gk] fnL, sIff !!

d nueu ufpgF lhs cfOkl' u;ss] f] lyPF . rt} ] atf; pGdS' t eO{ 5f/f] p8fpFb} lyof] . 3fd
nueu rsb{ } lyof] / d – si[ 0f, ufpF kU' g] nfn;df Psfx] f]/f] Ps ;'/df tsg{ fx¿lar /Db}
w'nf}6] ;8s gfKb} lyPF .

æho/fdhLsL, ls;g efO ÛÆ

;'g]/ ;x;f d em:sF] . j/k/ x]/F] – stfaf6 cfof] of] kl/lrt :j/ < kl/5g xf] ls < cyjf
aw' gf kf] xf] ls < cyjf /fdb/; kf] xf] ls < :j/ v'6\ofpg ufx|f] eO/xY] of] . x'g ;S5
– ot} st} xnf] hfl] t/xs] f] xfn] f cyjf 3fF; vl' s{/x]sf] xf]nf . geGb} l;dnsf] cf8af6
kl/5g 6K' nS' s bv] f k¥of], hfT] bfhfT] bs} f] xnuf]? c8o\ fP/ pm x:ofªkm:ofª ub}{ dlt/
nDsbF } lyof] .

æcfpm a;f,F} l;ofFndf Psl5g . 3fddf wflkP/ cfof} . sxfaF f6 – olt an] f < lsg olt
lbgdf < sg' } lr7Lkq klg 5f8] g] f} < crfgs ÛÆ d glhs cfOgk'Ub} kl/5gn] d]/f ;fd' yk' |}
kZ| gx¿ cf]O¥ofOlbof] .

hdfgf lyof] – d / kl/5g nuF fl} 6of of/ lyofF} . ufO{ r/fpFYof}F – ;uF ;uF } . l;hgdf abfd,
ds} rf/] ]/ cf]/xf vfGYof}F / uLt ufpYF ofF,} æufO{ r/jfxf 6'c/–6fk/, e};F r/jfxf rf]/ .
as/L r/jfxf l5g/–5fg/, tfs] rf/f] cf]/ .Æ tL lbgx¿ ca w]/} k5fl8 5l' 6;s] . To} uLt
cr]n kl/5gsf] 5f]/fn] ufpbF f] xf] uf]7fnf] nfus] f an] f – kl/5gsf] 5f/] f] klg afpsf] laF8f]
yfDb} . kl5, cln pd]/bf/ ePkl5 xnL a:nf . kl/5g klg klxn] uf7] fnf] lyof], nueu
5;ft jifs{ } pd]/bl] v . rfw} kGws| f] lszf/] jo gx'Fb} agL sdfpg yfNof] / kl5 xnL a:of],
;fob Hofnfbf/Ldf . 5f]/fnfO{ klg ToxL sfd l;sfp5F / kl5 5f/] fn] klg cfˆgf] 5f]/fnfO{
klg ToxL sfd l;sfpnf . o;/L Pjd\ l/tn] of] k/Dk/f cgGt kl/5gx¿sf alnof
kfv/' Lx¿af6 j|mdzM x:tfGt/0f xF'b} /x\of] . x'g t ;fob d klg ToxL g} xG' y]F xfn] f t/ stf,
sxflF g/ uNtL jf ;xL eof] / d}n] sfnf cIf/x¿l;t ldt]/L ufF;F] . 6fn] sf dflg;x¿n] d/] f
cfdfafnfO{ x'6x'6L nufOlbP, ærnfv 5, s'/f] rfF8} l6K5 . ljBfno k7fOlbg';\, eljio
/fd|f] xG' 5 .Æ d ljBfno hfg yfnF] sf7sf] kf6L afs] /] . oxLFbl] v kl/5g / dlarsf] cGt/fn
a9\g yfNof] . xfdL, d kl/5gbl] v / kl/5g dbl] v, tsL{ tsL{ lx8F \g yfNofF} . w]/}kl5 ha
d sx] L a‰' g yfnF] clg d}n] klxnf]k6s cge' j u/F] – kl/5gx¿;uF cGt/fn sbflk a9g\
lbOgx' 'Gg / hf] xbF' } 5 Tof] uNtL ul/Fb} 5 . o;kl5 kl/5gnufot tL afnbfFt} /Lx¿;Fu
kml] / ;DaGw sfod ug{ d}n] lgs} >d ugk{' ¥of] . ljBfno labf k/]sf] a]nf slxn] cf/] xf
vfg], slxn] lu/ vN] g,] slxn] skbL{ v]Ng] jf To:t} s]xL lgx'F kf//] d pgLx¿;Fu ldl;GyF] .

gk] fnL, sIff !! 13

l;dnsf] km]bdf emf]nf la;fpFb} nfdf] vO' { sf9]/ d ?dfnn] cg'xf/sf] kl;gf k'5g\ yfn]F .

æKof; nfUof] xfn] f, kfgL lkpF5f} <Æ

æoxfF sxfF kfpg' / kfgL <Æ

æc/], s] s'/f u5f{}, ;at{ la;fp{ F5 oxfFsf] kfgLn] . kv====Æ eGb} pm bu'b}{ uof] / hfl] tbF }
u/]sf] sfn] fsf] cfnLdf /xs] f] nf6] f l6k]/ vfn] fdf em¥of] .

vfn] f] crn] kml] / ufplF t/ ;fl] emPsf] /x5] . of] vf]nfn] klg ufpFnfO{ w?' Ss} ?jfof] . x'g
t ?jfof] dfq} eGg' vfn] fk|lt cGofo 7xnf{ . of] vf]nfn] ufpFnfO{ kfns] f] klg 5 . xfdf| ]
ljutsf] nueu cfwf pd/] oxL vf]nfsf] l8n / au/x¿df lats] f] lyof] . slxn] cf/] xf
vfg] lgxdF' f t slxn] ufO{eF};L r/fpg] lgxF'df . vf]nfdf af9L cfPsf] an] f xfdL ufOs{ f]
k'R5/ ;dfP/ af9L tg]{ uYof}{F cyjf o:tf] a]nfdf xfdL vf]nfsf] lsgf/df a;/] af9Lsf]
cfgGb n'6\YofF} . tg{ 8/fpg] sfx] L dflg; cfP eg] xfdL tLgrf/ hgf Pscsfs{ f] xft
;dfpbF } af9Ldf x]lnGYofF} / lsgf/df klv/{ xs] f] dflg;nfO{ tfl/lbGYof}F / o:tf] sfddf vf;
u/L kl/5gs} ljz]if ?lr lyof] . æoxL‘lg/ sj' f 5, uP ;fnsf] jiff{df dn" k'm6s] f] Psbd
lr;f] / ld7f] kfgL 5 .Æ pm kfgL lnP/ cfO;ss] f] lyof] .

æcfhsfn ufpdF f tLg kf6L eof], ls:gf .Æ

kfgL lkpFb} ubf{ nueu pbf; / cfb{| p;sf] :j/ d/] f] sfgdf uG' Hof] . p;n] h;/L cWF of/f]
d'vd'bf| df lagfel" dsf dnfO{ of] va/ ;'gfof] . ;x;f dnfO{ nfUof] – ufpFdf ;fob ca
cª\u]|hx¿sf] /f]u ;b}{ 5, l8efO8 PG8 ?n Û kl/5gx¿ efFlrbF } 5g\ . kl/5gx¿sf]
;uaufpFbf] rt] gf;uF } ufpFsf 7fn'x¿ gofF h'lStx¿ ;fR] b} 5g\ tf ls tdfd kl/5gx¿
kl/5g g} /x'g\ . cyf{t\ j|mLtbf;¿kL xnLuf]7fnf g} /xg' \ / dflnsx¿s} s[kfkfq eP/
/x'g\, hg' Pp6f k/Dk/fsf ¿kdf ltgsf k'vf{x¿n] ltgsf xftdf gf;f] 5f]8]/ uPsf lyP .

æxF ©© . of] t;] |f] kf6L{ sxfFaf6 s;/L cfof] t <Æ

æls;g' efO Û of] bO' t{ Lg a/;df ufpFdf w/] } pynk'yn eof] . uP ;fn /fk] fOFsf] a]nfdf
xfdLn] rf/ lsnf] agLsf] s/' fnfO{ lnP/ x8tfn u¥of}F . ;'?df t ;a /fd|} lyof] . tLg
lbg;Dd sfd 7Kk eof] . xfdLn] kms] g / zlgr/nfO{ cu'jf agfPsf lyofF} . kl5 pgLx¿n]
wfv] f lbof] / wgLx¿;Fu ldNof] . rf/ rf/ dg wfg lbG5' egs] f lyP /] / To} nfe] df x8tfn
laRsfOlbof] . kl5 ToxL s/' fnfO{ lnP/ xfdLn] ltgLx¿nfO{ s/] sf/ u¥ofF}, emu8fkm;fb eof]
/ xfdLn] pgLx¿nfO{ cfˆgf] kf6Laf6 x6fOlbofF} . kl5 dflnsx¿n] klg Ps dgeGbf a9L

14 g]kfnL, sIff !!

wfg lbPg /] . To;kl5 pgLx¿ 56' 6\ } kf6L agfP/ a:of 5g\ . x8tfn klg lalRsxfNof], g
agL a9o\ f,] pN6} xfdf| ] Pstf 6'6\of] .Æ pm j/k/ 5l/Psf l;dnsf /ftf kmn" x¿ hDdf kfb{}
lyof] – ;fob uf]?nfO{ v'jfpg .

æx'g t of] Ps lsl;dn] /fdf| ] klg eof], Ps lsl;dn] g/fdf| ] klg eof] . o:tf] eO/xG5 t/
xfdLn] lxDdt xfg'{ x'Fbg} . sd;s] d ca xfdf| ] kf6L{df wfv] ]afhx¿ t /xg] g\ ls ÛÆ

æToxL s/' fsf] v';L 5Ù lxDdt t lsg xfl/GYof] / Û c/], Ps ;fn ePg t csf]{ ;fn
sxfF hfnf Û ha pt/ uP /0f k] tf] lk5] x6gf Sof]F < t/ Pp6f s/' fsf] bM' v 5 efO Û
o:tf] a]nfdf, ls;g' efO Û ltdL klg ufpdF f x'bF f xf} t xfdLnfO{ w/] } cf8e/f]; ldNYof], an
ldNYofÙ] cflv/ xfdL t d"v{ / uFjf/ g xfF} . ltdL n]vk9 u/s] f] dfG5] . ltdL eGof ufpsF f]
cledfg xf}, xfd|f] OHht xf} . t/ ltdL klg k/b]zL eOlbFbf ufpF dflnsx¿sf] Psnf6} L
/hfOFdf k5={ ==.Æ

o; k6s kl/5gsf] s'/f] ;'g/] d ddf{xt ePF .

ækl/5g Û o;f] eg]/ lsg dnfO{ nlHht kf5f}{ . ufpF ltdLx¿s} xf] . ltdLx¿s} xlF ;of,
v'kL,{ sfb] fnf] / kfv/' Lsf andf ufpF afFrs] f] 5, ufpsF f OHht eg]sf ltdLx¿ g} xf} .
ltdLx¿s} cf8df ufpF cledfgL ePsf] 5 . ltdf| ] kfv'/Ln] of] vfn] fsf] wf/nfO{ t kmsf{p5F
eg] ufpFsf] OHht dfly gp7fpnf t===ÛÆ

æls;'g efO Û ltdLnfO{ s'/fdf lhTg ;lsFbg} . v}/, h] xf];,\ o;kfln dxfjL/hLsf] emG8fsf]
d]nfdf xfdL gf6s vN] 5fF} . ufpFsf] 36gfx¿ /fv]/ Pp6f v'a /fdf| ] gf6s nl] vbp] m . clxn]
efs] fPsf klg xf}nf=== . e/] kml] / e6] fFn} f .Æ

o;kl5 xfdL 5'6o\ f} – e/] e]6g\ ] jfrfdf . d]/f] dfg;k6el/ kl/5gsf] :j/ d8fl/bF } lyof–]
æufpFsf 36gfx¿ /fv/] Pp6f v'a /fd|f] gf6s nl] vb]pm .Æ gf6s nV] g ghfGg] d of] wg' df
;fR] b} lxFl8/x]y]F ls gf6s s;/L / sxfFaf6 yfnf}F ====< ufpFdf 6]Sg klg gkfpbF } kl/5gn]
ddfly uxg lhDdb] f/L ;l' DklbPsf] lyof] .

w/] } k/ kl' u;Sbf klg d p;sf] :j/ ;G' b} lyP–F æx ©© ufn] f, k'mtL{ ;] rfn a9fs] .Æ

gk] fnL, sIff !! 15

zAbe08f/

!= lbOPsf zAb / cy{lar hf]8f ldnfpg'xf;] \ M
z Ab cy {

-s_ sf]nf k0" f{ gkfss] f] ds}, uxF'nfO{ kf]n/] tof/ kf/]sf] vfg]s/' f
-v_ cfb{| ufpFa:tLdf cfˆgf] xs} d hdfpg] dfG5]
-u_ jm| Ltbf; vt] sf] u/f]
-3_ cf]/xf ufOe{ ;}F Lsf] bw' b'xg' ] sf7 jf af;F sf] efF8f]
-ª_ 7fn' g/dÙ /l;nf]
k;} f lbP/ bf; agfPsf]
@= lbOPsf cy{ lbg] zAb kf7af6 vfh] ]/ nV] gx' f];\ M
-s_ :jtGq
-v_ sk8fsf] es'G8f]
-u_ c8\sfp
-3_ leGg xg' fsf] cg'ej
-ª_ csf{sf] sfd ul/lbPafkt kfOg] kfl/>lds
-r_ OHht
#= lbOPsf zAbx¿sf] cy{ vN' g] u/L jfSodf ko| f]u ugx{' f;] \ M
gf}6ª\sL, l/x;{n, x'6x'6L, cfnL, cGt/fn, sk[ fkfq, gf;f,] /0f, dfg;k6
$= lbOPsf 6'Ssfx¿sf] ko| f]u u/L Pp6f cg'R5b] tof/ kfg'{xf;] \ M
la8F f] yfDg', kfv'/f ahfg{ ', nfhn] kfgL x'g,' jzdf kfg,{' xft]dfnf] ug'{
%= sIffdf 5nkmn u/]/ dflysf afx]s c¿ kr| lnt bzcf]6f 6S' sf vfh] /] nV] gx' f;] \ .

16 g]kfnL, sIff !!

af]w / cleJolSt

!= …ufpsF f] dfofÚ syf k9L lbOPsf k|Zgsf] pQ/ lbgx' f];\ M

-s_ o; syfdf sltcf]6f cgR' 5b] 5g\ <

-v_ ;ftf}F cg'R5]bdf sltcf6] f jfSo 5g\ <

-u_ si[ 0fsf] k|jz] sg' cgR' 5b] df ePsf] 5 <

-3_ …dÚ kfq lsg ufpF uPsf] xf] <

-ª_ syfsf cflb, dWo / cGTosf d'Vo d'Vo 36gf l6kf6] ug'{xf];\ .

@= …ufpsF f] dfofÚ syfsf cfwf/df lbOPsf 36gfj|mdnfO{ j|mda4 ¿kdf n]Vgx' f;] \ M

-s_ kfgL lkPkl5 kl/5gn] ufpsF f 7fns' f sf/0f ufpFdf tLg kf6L ePsf] s'/f
;'gfpg'

-v_ …dÚ kfqn] ltdLx¿s} sf/0fn] ufpF ku| ltsf] kydf 5 eGb} /fd|f] sfdsf] >o]
kl/5gnfO{ lbP/ ;Ddfg ks| 6 ug'{

-u_ …dÚ kfq sl/a bO' { jifk{ l5 cfˆgf] ufpFn] hLjgsf cg]s 36gf ;DembF } ufpFlt/
kms{g'

-3_ ltdL ufpdF } eP 7fnx' ¿n] o;/L ;tfpg g;Sg] s/' f kl/5gn] …dÚ kfqnfO{
atfpg'

-ª_ kl/5gn] ho/fdhLsL egL af]nfPsf] cfjfhn] …dÚ kfq eml:sg'

-r_ dxfjL/hLsf] emG8f dn] fdf ufpsF } 36gfx¿ /fv/] kl/5gn] …dÚ kfqnfO{ gf6s
n]Vg cg/' fw] ug{'

-5_ kl/5g;Fu ufpsF f cg]s ;'vbM' vsf s'/fsfgL ug{'

-h_ ufpF 6]Sg gkfpbF } Pp6f uxg lhDd]jf/L kfOPsf] s'/f ;fR] b} …dÚ kfq 3/lt/
nfUg'

-em_ kl/5g vfn] f5p] sf] sj' fdf kfgL lng hfg' / …dÚ kfqn] vf]nfsf /fdf| g/fd|f
kIfsf af/]sf ;f]Rg'

gk] fnL, sIff !! 17

#= …ufpsF f] dfofÚ syfdf ;j+ fbsf j|mddf cGo efiffaf6 cfPsf s]xL jfSox¿ klg 5g\ .
5nkmn u/L tL jfSox¿sf] cy{ kQf nufpgx' f;] \ M
-s_ æha pt/ uP /0f k] tf] lk5] x6gf Sof]F <Æ
-v_ æx ©© ufn] f, k'mtL{ ;] rfn a9fs] .Æ
-u_ æufO{ r/jfxf 6'c/–6fk/, eF;} r/jfxf rf]/ . as/L r/jfxf l5g/–5fg/, tfs]
rf/ cf]/ .Æ

$= …hdfgf lyof=] ===pgLx¿;uF ldl;GyFÚ] syfz+ k9L ;f]lwPsf k|Zgsf] ;ªl\ IfKt pQ/
lbgx' f;] \ M
-s_ …dÚ kfqnfO{ k9fpgk' 5{ egL pT;fx eg{] sf] lyP <
-v_ kl/5gsf] lgolt s;/L k':tfGt/0f ePsf] xf] <
-u_ o; cg'R5]bdf k|o'St nfs] uLtsf] cz+ n] lbg] ljrf/k|lt cfˆgf] wf/0ff JoSt
ug'{xf];\ .
-3_ …dÚ kfqn] kl/5gnufotsf afnbf}Ft/L;Fu ;DaGw ;'wfg{ s] s] u¥of] xfn] f <
-ª_ o; cg'R5]bsf] d'Vo ;Gbz] s] xf] <

%= lbOPsf] syf+z k9L ;fl] wPsf kZ| gsf] pQ/ lbgx' f;] \ M
vf]nf] crn] kml] / ufplF t/ ;fl] emPsf] /x5] . of] vfn] fn] klg ufpnF fO{ w?' Ss} ?jfof] .
xg' t ?jfof] dfq} eGg' vfn] fk|lt cGofo 7xnf{ . of] vf]nfn] ufpFnfO{ kfn]sf] klg
5 . xfd|f] ljutsf] nueu cfwf pd]/ oxL vfn] fsf] l8n / au/x¿df lats] f]
lyof] . slxn] cf/] xf vfg] lgx'dF f t slxn] ufO{e}F;L r/fpg] lgx'Fdf . vf]nfdf af9L
cfPsf] a]nf xfdL ufO{sf] kR' 5/ ;dfP/ af9L tg{] uYofF{} cyjf o:tf] a]nfdf xfdL
vfn] fsf] lsgf/df a;]/ af9Lsf] cfgGb n'6\YofF} . tg{ 8/fpg] sf]xL dflg; cfP eg]
xfdL tLgrf/ hgf Pscsfs{ f] xft ;dfpFb} af9Ldf xl] nGYof}F / lsgf/df klv{/x]sf]
dflg;nfO{ tfl/lbGYofF} / o:tf] sfddf vf; u/L kl/5gs} ljzi] f ?lr lyof] . æoxLl‘ g/
s'jf 5, uP ;fnsf] jiff{df dn" k'm6s] f] Psbd lr;f] / ld7f] kfgL 5 .Æ pm kfgL lnP/
cfO;s]sf] lyof] .

18 g]kfnL, sIff !!

k|Zgx¿

-c_ vfn] fn] ?jfof] eGg] s'/f dfq ubf{ s;/L cGofo x'G5 <

-cf_ …dÚ kfqsf vf]nf;uF sf afncge' "lt s:tf 5g\ <

^= lbOPsf] syf+z k9L ;f]lwPsf k|Zgsf] pQ/ lbgx' f;] \ M

æToxL s'/fsf] v;' L 5Ù lxDdt t lsg xfl/GYof] / Û c/,] Ps ;fn ePg t csf]{
;fn sxfF hfnf Û ha pt/ uP /0f k] tf] lk5] x6gf Sof]F < t/ Pp6f s'/fsf] bM' v 5
efO Û o:tf] a]nfdf, ls;'g efO Û ltdL klg ufpdF f xFb' f xf} t xfdLnfO{ w/] } cf8e/f];
ldNYof,] an ldNYofÙ] cflv/ xfdL t dv" { / ujF f/ g xfF} . ltdL nv] k9 u/]sf] dfG5] .
ltdL eGof ufpFsf] cledfg xf,} xfd|f] OHht xf} . t/ ltdL klg k/bz] L eOlbFbf ufpF
dflnsx¿sf] Psnf}6L /hfOFdf k5={ ==.Æ

kZ| gx¿

-c_ s[i0fnfO{ ;an} ] lsg ;Ddfg u/]sf x'g\ <

-cf_ k9n] ]vs] f dfG5]n] ufpF 5f]8\of] eg] ufpdF f s:tf] c;/ k5{ <

&= JofVof ug'x{ f;] \ M

-s_ xfd|f] ufpFdf klg ;fRF r}sf dfG5]x¿ /x]5g\ hf] hLjgnfO{ a'‰b} 5g\ .

-v_ ltdf| ] kfv/' Ln] vfn] fsf] wf/nfO{ t kmsfp{ F5 eg] ufpFsf] OHht dfly gp7fpnf
t<

*= ;dLIffTds pQ/ nV] g'xf];\ M

-s_ …ufpsF f] dfofÚ syfdf s:tf] ;dfhsf] lrq0f ul/Psf] 5 <

-v_ …ufpsF f] dfofÚ syfsf cfwf/df lbOPsf kfqsf] rl/qlrq0f ug{'xf];\ M

-c_ si[ 0f -cf_ kl/5g

(= lbOPsf] uBfz+ k9L ;f]lwPsf k|Zgx¿sf] pQ/ lbgx' f];\ M

p;sf] dgdf Ps lbgsf] b[Zo emnSs lemNSof] . ha o; cgfyfnosf] pb3\ f6g
ePsf] lyof], afnsx¿ s/fPy,] æxfd|f] k/f]ksf/ cgfyfno lhGbfjfb ÛÆ To; an] f
p;n] dgdg} cfzLjfb{ lbFb} eg]Yof], æaRrf xf] Û To;f] geg Û a? lrtfcf] ls c¿
efOnfO{ cgfy aGg] df}sf gldnf];\ ÛÆ

g]kfnL, sIff !! 19

cgfyfnosf] pGgltn] ;dfhdf bofefjsf ;fy} Jolerf/ / kfksf] klg ;at' lbG5g\
eGg] efjgf p;n] dgaf6 x6fpg ;s]sf] lyPg . rGbf pm lbG5Ù rfxG5 ls c¿
klg lbpg\ t/ leqL dg 5 p;sf] ls ;dfhn] s'sT[ o gu/] cgfyfnosf] cfjZost}
/xFb}g .

æho ÛÆ ;o+ 'St :j/df s/fPsf] bv] /] cem ba] ]| nfUof] . ‰ofnaf6 x]¥of] . bV] of] s'g}
;Hhg kmnkmn" aflF 8/x5] g\ . l7s xf] laufge{] Gbf ;kfg]{ w]/} 5g\ . cln cln rGbf
w/] }af6 cfP/ w/] } aGg ;S5 .

;fef/ M uf}FynLsf] u'F8 -zª\s/ nfld5fg_]

kZ| gx¿

-s_ lgaGwsf/sf] dtsf cfwf/df cgfyfno ePsf] / gePsf] ;dfhsf] cGt/
atfpgx' f;] \ .

-v_ xfdL cgfy, ul/a / la/fdLnfO{ s] s;/L ;xofu] ug{ ;S5fF} <

-u_ cgfyfnok|lt tkfOF{sf] wf/0ff s:tf] 5 <

-3_ …;dfhdf laufg{]eGbf ;kfg]{ w]/} 5gÚ\ eGgs' f] tfTko{ s] xf] <

!)= lbOPsf] cgR' 5b] k9L ;f/fz+ n]Vg'xf;] \ M

cGg pTkfbgsf b[li6n] g]kfndf hldgnfO{ bO' { jud{ f aflF 8G5 . ;dtn jf u/f
u/fdf afFl8Psf] / cfnL nufO{ kfgL hdfP/ wfgsf] pTkfbg ul/g] hldgnfO{
v]t elgG5 . kfvfafnL dfq nfUg] cfafbL hUufnfO{ af/L elgG5 . af/Ldf wfg
gpAhfP klg ds,} sfb] f,] cfnn' ufotsf vfBfGg pAhfOG5 . pj{/fzlStsf cfwf/df
hldg cAan, bfo] d, l;d / rfxf/ u/L rf/ lsl;dsf x'G5g\ . l;FrfOsf] kz| :t
;'ljwf ePsf] / b'O{ jf To;eGbf a9L afnL nfUg] dlnnf] e"ldnfO{ cAan elgG5 .
cAaneGbf cln sd;n lsl;dsf] / cAaneGbf cln sd pAhfp xg' ] e"ldnfO{
bfo] d elgG5 . l;d rflxF bfo] deGbf klg sd;n x'G5 . o:tf] sltko hldgdf
wfg t kmN5 t/ l;d hldg cf]l;nf] / wflknf] xG' 5 . o:tf] el" d uhuh] klg xG' 5 .
l;FrfO ;l' jwf gx'g] / cfsf;] kfgLsf] e/ kg'{kg{] ;'Svf df6f] ePsf] hUuf rfxf/ xf] .
l;rF fO pknAw eP klg o:tf] hldg ?vf] x'g] xFb' f cgfh kmNbg} jf kmlnxfn] klg
cToGt sd dfq kmN5 .

20 gk] fnL, sIff !!

;g' fO / afn] fO

!= ;'gfO kf7 @ ;'Ggx' f;] \ / 5'6]sf zAb /fvL vfnL 7fpF eg{x' f];\ M

-s_ Ps hgf l;sdLn{ ] s'g} sf/vfgfdf w]/} jif{ sfd u/]kl5 =========== lng] ljrf/
u/] .

-v_ d}n] o; sf/vfgfdf la; jifs{ f] pd]/b]lv nuftf/ ============ jif{ sfd u/F] .

-u_ dn} ] Pp6f 3/ =============== lnPsf] 5,' Tof] tLg dlxgfdf ;lsG5 xf]nf .

-3_ ætkfO‘{ o; sf/vfgfsf] ;ae} Gbf k/' fgf] / ;a}eGbf ============ l;sdL{ xg' x' 'G5 .Æ

-ª_ d tkfO{Fn] o; sf/vfgfdf k¥' ofpge' Psf] ofu] bfgsf] ========== ub{} clGtd k6s
tkfO{nF ] tof/ ug{'ePsf] of] 3/ tkfOF{nfO{ g} sf/vfgfsf] tkma{ f6 ==============
ck{0f u5'{ .

@= ;g' fO kf7 @ sf cfwf/df pQ/ lbgx' f];\ M

-s_ l;sdL{n] slt jif{sf] pd]/df cjsfz lng] lg0f{o u/] <

-v_ l;sdL{nfO{ clGtdsf tLg dlxgf lsg hfuF / grn]sf] xf]nf <

-u_ o; n3'syfn] lbg] ;Gbz] s] xf] <

#= ufpFsf ;d:ofaf/] kqklqsf, /]l8of] jf 6]lnlehgaf6 k|;fl/t ;dfrf/ k9]/ jf ;'g]/
;d:of, ;d:ofsf sf/0f / ;dfwfgsf pkfo sIffdf k:| tt' ug'{xf;] \ .

efifftìj

d"n zAb / Jo'TkGg zAb

vfn] f] crn] kml] / ufpFlt/ ;f]lemPsf] /x]5 . of] vfn] fn] klg ufpFnfO{ w'?Ss} ?jfof] . x'g
t ?jfof] dfq} eGg' vfn] fk|lt cGofo 7xnf{ . of] vfn] fn] ufpFnfO{ kfns] f] klg 5 . xfdf| ]
ljutsf] nueu cfwf pd/] oxL vfn] fsf] l8n / au/x¿df lat]sf] lyof] . slxn] cf]/xf
vfg] lgxFd' f t slxn] ufOe{ F};L r/fpg] lgxFd' f . vf]nfdf af9L cfPsf] an] f xfdL ufOs{ f]
kR' 5/ ;dfP/ af9L tg]{ uYof}{ cyjf o:tf] a]nfdf xfdL vf]nfsf] lsgf/df a;/] af9Lsf]
cfgGb n'6Y\ ofF} . tg{ 8/fpg] sfx] L dflg; cfP eg] xfdL tLgrf/ hgf Pscsf{sf] xft
;dfpbF } af9Ldf xl] nGYof}F / lsgf/df klv/{ xs] f] dflg;nfO{ tfl/lbGYof}F / o:tf] sfddf
vf; u/L kl/5gs} ljz]if ?lr lyof] .

g]kfnL, sIff !! 21

dflysf] syf+zdf uf9f cIf/df nl] vPsf cr]n, ufpF / vfn] f h:tf zAbx¿ dn" zAb
xg' \ . /v] fªs\ g ul/Psf zAb cGofo -c – Gofo_, ljut -lj – ut_, r/fpg] -r/fp – g_] ,
;dfP/ -;dfp – P/_, ufOe{ F};L -ufO{ / eF;} L_ / tLgrf/ -tLg jf rf/_ h:tf zAb
Jo'TkGg zAb xg' \ .
3/, dfG5,] af6f], 9ª' u\ f, kmn" , kfgL, tn] , lxpF h:tf zAb / vf, a;,\ lx8,\ k9\ cflb
wftx' ¿ dn" zAb x'g\ . 3/]n' -3/± Pn'_, ufpnF ] -ufp±F n]_, kb| ]z -k|± bz] _, kT| o'Q/
-k|lt ± pQ/_, s'af6f] -s' ± af6f_] , lxdfno -lxd ± cfno_, /fhsfh -/fh ± sfh_,
3/3} / -3/ ± 3/_, em}emu8f -emu8f ± emu8f_ cflb zAbx¿ JoT' kGg zAb xg' \ .

cEof;

!= /]vfªs\ g ul/Psf zAb d"n jf JoT' kGg s] x'g\, klxrfg u/L nV] gx' f;] \ M
æls;g' efO Û of] b'O{tLg a/;df ufpdF f w]/} pynk'yn eof] . uP ;fn /f]kfOsF f]
a]nfdf xfdLn] rf/ lsnf] agLsf] s/' fnfO{ lnP/ x8tfn u¥ofF} . ;'?df t ;a /fd|}
lyof] . tLg lbg;Dd sfd 7Kk eof] . xfdLn] km]sg / zlgt/nfO{ cuj' f agfPsf
lyofF} . kl5 pgLx¿n] wfv] f lbof] / wgLx¿;uF ldNof,] rf/ rf/ dg wfg lbG5'
eg]sf lyP /], / To} nfe] df x8tfn laRsfOlbof] . kl5 ToxL s/' fnfO{ lnP/ xfdLn]
ltgLx¿nfO{ s/] sf/ u¥of,}F emu8fkm;fb eof] / xfdLn] pgLx¿nfO{ cfˆgf] kf6Laf6
x6fOlbofF} . kl5 dflnsx¿n] klg Ps dgeGbf a9L wfg lbPg /], To;kl5 pgLx¿
5'66\ } kf6L agfP/ a:of 5 . x8tfn klg lalRsxfNof], g agL a9o\ f] pN6} xfd|f] Pstf
6'6\of] .Æ pm j/k/ 5l/Psf l;dnsf /ftf kmn" x¿ hDdf kfb}{ lyof] – ;fob uf?] nfO{
vj' fpg .

@= lbOPsf] cgR' 5]bdf /x]sf d"n / JoT' kGg zAb klxrfg u/L ;"rL agfpg'xf];\ M
emnsdfgn] afnssfndf nv] k9 ug{ kfPgg\ . emnsdfgsf] cf7 jif;{ Ddsf]

afNosfn TolQs} laTof] . gf} jifs{ f] pd/] bl] v emnsdfg kv' f{n] h:t} ufpg ahfpg
yfn] . ljBfno dxfljBfnodf k9g\ gkfP klg emnsdfgn] cfˆgf] PSnf] kl/>ddf
;ªu\ Ltsf] l;k a9fpFb} nu] . pgL cfkmn" ] ufpg] uLt cfkm}F ;ªs\ ng uy]{ / /rgf
klg uy]{ . pgL cfkm"n] ufpg] uLtdf cfkm}F ;ª\uLt ey]{ . pgsf uLt ld7f 5g\ .

22 gk] fnL, sIff !!

zAb;|ft] M tT;d, tb\ej / cfuGt's zAb

kfgL lkpbF } ubf{ nueu pbf; / cfb|{ p;sf] :j/ d/] f] sfgdf u'GHof] . p;n] h;/L
cWF of/f] dv' db' |fdf lagfe"ldsf dnfO{ of] va/ ;'gfof] . ;x;f dnfO{ nfUof] – ufpFdf
;fob ca cªu\ |]hx¿sf] /f]u ;b}{ 5, l8efO8 PG8 ?n Û / kl/5gx¿ eflF rbF }
5g\ . kl/5gx¿sf] ;uaufpFbf] r]tgf;Fu} ufpFsf 7fnx' ¿ gofF h'lStx¿ ;fR] b} 5g\
tfls tdfd kl/5gx¿ kl/5g g} /x'g\ . cyf{t\ j|mLtbf;¿kL xnLuf]7fnf g} /x'g\
/ dflnsx¿s} sk[ fkfq eP/ /xg' ,\ hg' Pp6f k/Dk/fsf ¿kdf ltgsf kv' f{x¿n]
ltgsf xftdf gf;f] 5f]8/] uPsf lyP .

dflysf] syfz+ df uf9f cIf/n] n]lvPsf cfb{,| d'vd'bf| , ;x;f / rt] gf zAb tT;d
xg' \ . /]vfª\sg ul/Psf kfgL, sfg / cFWof/f] h:tf zAb tb\ej x'g\ eg] 58\s]
cIf/df n]lvPsf l8efO8, ;fob, tdfd / dflns zAbx¿ cfuGt's xg' \ .

gk] fnL efiffdf k|ofu] xg' ] ;"o,{ rGb,| clUg, gjLg, cz+ , cIf/, OZ{ j/, kY[ jL, k|hf,
afns, lzIff, d"lt{ cflb tT;d zAb xg' \ . cfuf] -clUg_, eft -eSt_, xft -x:t_,
df6f] -dfl6_, /ut -/St_, 3fd -3d_{ , sf7 -sfi7_, wfd -wd{_ cflb tb\ej zAb x'g\ .
sf]6, kmf6] f,] 6]an, 6l] nlehg, 6l] nkmf]g, /]l8of,] cGbfh, hflu/, xKtf, ;/sf/, u'nfkm,
d'ª\uL| , uD5f, h'8f,] xfG] 8f, s/ftF ,] sˆo,'{ 6'l/:6, k'ln;, /]:6'/fF, sn]h, lsG8/uf6g]{ ,
;l] dgf/, yd;{ , y]l;;, ‰ofn, k;n, a'OuF n, vfkf, 8Dkm' , d}Rofª, Rofªa\ f, ;n] f,] /f8L,
y'G;], 3d' , /f]bL, k6s' f, kfvL, k/j] f, dG' w'd, ofS;f, lhDa', nfdf, Rofªu\ f| , 8fkF m], k}gL,
k6j' f cflb cfuGts' zAb x'g\ .

cEof;

!= lbOPsf] syfz+ df uf9f cIf/df nl] vPsf zAbx¿ tT;d, tb\ej / cfuGts' s] xg' ,\
56' \ofpg'xf;] \ M

cvaf/sf] kªl\ Staf6 cfFvf x6fP/ d}n] cfuGts' k6\l6 x]/]F . p;sf xftdf Pp6f
;fbf lnkmfkmf / Ps kfgf sfuh lyof] . xNnf dRrfP/ d/] f] zflGt eªu\ ul/lbPsf]
xg' fn] cfuGts' pk/ dnfO{ clncln l/; pl7/fv]sf] lyof] . ems{/] ;f]w–]F æs] afa'
afa' lrRofO/x]sf] < sf] afan' fO{ vf]H5f} ltdL .Æ

g]kfnL, sIff !! 23

@= lbOPsf zAbx¿ Wofgk"j{s k9\g'xf;] \ / tT;d, tbe\ j / cfuGts' zAbx¿sf]
aU] nfaU] n} ;r" L agfpg'xf];\ M

k[YjL, h]7, k6'jf, clUg, ;fpg, 9f6, jfo', c;f/, k;n, Clif, af6f,] 9]jf, 1fg, ;f;",
sb/, k|1f, ;;'/f, hflu/, pmhf,{ lbn, xflsd, kfOk, cfuf,] 5fq

#= lbOPsf] cgR' 5]baf6 tT;d zAb klxrfg u/L ;"rL agfpg'xf;] \ M
d sgf{nLdf hGdF] . d/] f] cge' "ltdf d h'Dnf b]V5' / ltnf gbL d/] f] xb[ odf bf}l8G5 .
g]kfnL ;Eotfsf] ofqf l;Fhfaf6 ;?' ePsf] dflgG5 . d ToxLF l;Fhfdf hGdF] / xs' {]F .
d/] f] lxdfn lrQfsifs{ 5 . d/] f] ;dfh efjgfTds 5 . d l;FhfnfO{ Kof/f] hGde"ldsf
¿kdf bV] 5' / o; el" daf6 l;ªu\ f] gk] fnnfO{ x]5{' .

$= lbOPsf] cg'R5]b k9L tb\ej / cfuGts' zAb 56' o\ fP/ nV] gx' f;] \ M
/ft cWF of/f] lyof] . d nfnl6g af]s]/ vt] lt/ nfu]F . ptfaf6 hg{]n ;fxa] klg
cfOk'Ug'eof] . pxfFsf] xftdf /l] 8of] lyof] . pxfF df]afOnsf] nfO6 afn/] af6f] sf6b\ }
cfpg'eof] . pxfsF f] sfFwdf emf]nf lyof] . yd{;df lrof lyof] . hf8fn] sfDb} ufpFsf
c¿ dflg;x¿ klg cfP . /flt jGohGts' f] l;sf/ ug{ l;sf/L cfP . xfdL ;a} e]nf
eP/ l;sf/LnfO{ wkfof}F / hªu\ nsf hGtn' fO{ arfof}F .

zAbsfz] sf] k|of]u
s'g} klg efiffsf zAbx¿ ;ªu\ x| u/]/ Jojl:yt ¿kn] To;sf] cy{ ljwfg ul/Psf] uG| ynfO{
zAbsf]z elgG5 . zAbsf]zdf zAbsf cy{ dfq xFb' }gg\ . o;df zLif{ zAb, zAbsf] lxHh,]
zAbsf] pRrf/0f, Jofs/0f lgb{]z, zAbsf] ;|f]t, zAbsf] cyl{ jwfg, zAbsf] uf}0f / pkkl| jli6,
JoT' kfbs ;u{, kof{o, ljkof{o, pvfg6S' sfsf] k|ofu] , pbfx/0f, lrqfª\sg cflb x'G5g\ .
o:tf ljifonfO{ zAbsfz] df k|;ªu\ cg;' f/ Jojl:yt ul/Psf] x'G5 . zAbsfz] df s'g} zAb
r9fpgn' fO{ k|ljli6 elgG5 . zAbsfz] df zAbx¿ j0ff{g'j|mddf /flvG5 . zAbsf]zdf ljleGg
;ª\lIfKt zAb / ;ª\s]t lrx\gx¿ lbOPsf xG' 5g\, h:t} M

24 gk] fnL, sIff !!

;ªs\ ]t ;"rL

c M c/aL c=lj|m M csd{s ljm| of cª\ M cªu\ h]| L

cJo M cJoo O M OToflb pbf M pbfx/0f

s=ljm| M sd{jfRo lj|mof ljm| =lj M lj|mofljzi] f0f yf M yf¿

lgkf M lgkft gj] f M g]jf/L kmf M kmf/;L

;ª\s]t ;"rL

÷ M ljefhs -ljsNk ¿k_ - _ M uf}0f ;ªs\ ]t

— M lgb{z] s lrx\g tyf ;d:t kb ;ªs\ t] ± M ;+ofh] s jf hf]8

zAbsfz] xg] {'eGbf klxn] o:tf ;ª\s]tx¿sf af/]df yfxf kfpg'k5{ . zAbsf]zdf zAbx¿sf]
j0ffg{ j' |mddf zAbx¿sf] kl| jli6 ul/Psf] x'G5 . gk] fnL a[xt\ zAbsf]zdf zAbx¿sf] k|ljli6
lgDglnlvt j0ff{g'j|mddf /flvPsf] 5 M

-s_ ;j{k|yd :j/j0f{ -c, cf, O===_ / To;kl5 Jo~hg j0f{ -s, v, u ===_ sf] j|md /x]sf]
5.

-v_ :j/j0f{ j|mddf c -c,F c+, c_ cf, O, O{, p, pm, C, P, P], cf], cf} /x]sf] 5 .

-u_ Jo~hgj0f{df s, v, u, 3, x'Fb} x ;Dd /xs] f] 5 .

-3_ afxv| /Ldf s, sF, s+, s, sf, ls, sL, s,' s", s,[ s,] s,} sf,] sf} So, j|m, Sn, If /xs] f]
5 . o;} u/L q j0f{ t sf] j|mddf 1 j0f{ h sf] j|mddf /x]sf] 5 .

tn gk] fnL ax[ t\ zAbsfz] sf] Pp6f kfgf -ki[ 7 !, b;f}F ;+:s/0f_ sf] gd'gf lbOPsf] 5 .
ToxfF …cÚ af6 ;?' xg' ] s]xL zAb / ltgsf cyx{ ¿ klg lbOPsf 5g\ . o;sf ;fy} ToxfF
ljleGg ;ªs\ ]t / ;ª\lIfKt ¿kx¿ klg lbOPsf 5g\ . ltgnfO{ Wofgkj" {s k9\g'xf];\ M

gk] fnL, sIff !! 25

26 gk] fnL, sIff !!

kZ| gx¿
-s_ dflysf] zAbsf]zsf gd'gf kfgfdf lbOPsf zAbx¿n] s] s:tf cy{ lbOPsf 5g,\

n]Vgx' f;] \ M
cuF f/, cuF 7] L, cuF /] , cFhn' L, crF n] f, cFr]l6g', cuF fnf]
-v_ zAbsf]z x]/L dflysf] zAbsfz] sf] gdg' f kfgfdf 58\s] cIf/df lbOPsf ;ªl\ IfKt

zAbsf k"/f ¿k nV] g'xf];\ .
-u_ zAbsfz] x]/L lbOPsf zAbsf] cy{ n]Vg'xf;] \ M

csn] f, lkGr,] Psf3/, hfts, /f]xa/, 7fF6, 38f, rT} o, kFw]/f,] oyfy{
-3_ lbOPsf zAbx¿nfO{ zAbsfz] sf] jm| ddf nV] g'xf];\ M

-c_ s[i0f sk8f Iflt s+z d:t j|md zf/Ll/s
-cf_ PZ] jo{ Pp6f cfkm" OZ{ j/ pn{g' pmhf{ cfwF L
-O_ d[To ' Jojxf/ dfgl;s ltd|f ] 1fg qf; d"n
-O{_ pkxf/ crfgf] cWF of/f] pkI] ff cfwF L pksf/ cf7]
l;hg{ f÷kl/ofh] gf
!= lbOPsf aF'bfsf cfwf/df 5f6] f] syf nV] gx' f];\ M
-s_ yk' |} s]6fs]6L rft} f/fdf en] f eP/ vl] n/x]sf
-v_ crfgs Pp6f ;k{ b]vf k/s] f]
-u_ s6] fs]6Lx¿n] ldn/] ;kn{ fO{ 9ª' \ufn] xfgL dfg{ tlD;Psf
-3_ Ps enfb\dL JolStn] o:tf] csf{nfO{ dfg{] kfk sfd gu/ egL ;DemfPsf
-ª_ ;a} hgf 3/lt/ kmlsP{ sf
-r_ 3/df ku' ]kl5 ;Togf/fo0fsf dgdf kfk / wd{sf af/d] f vN' b'nL ePsf]
-5_ ;Togf/fo0fsf a'af nIdLgf/fo0fn] h;n] c¿nfO{ bM' v lbG5 pxL kfkL xf] egL

;DemfPsf

gk] fnL, sIff !! 27

-h_ a'afsf] s'/f ;g' k] l5 ;Togf/fo0f vt] aufpg] vf]nf, 3/sf] 5fgf p8fpg] xfjf,
3/ hnfpg] cfuf], afv|f df//] vfg] af3, sv' /' f rf]/]/ nfg] :ofn, v6' \6fdf 3fp
agfOlbg] 9'ªu\ f,] nu' f kmfx] f/] kfl/lbg] df6fn] fO{ klg kfkL /x]5g\ egL lgisif{
lgsfns] f

-em_ efl] nkN6 ;Togf/fo0f ljBfno uPsf
-~f_ ljBfnodf kfk sds{ f af/d] f cfˆgf] ae' mfO ;g' fPsf
-6_ 9'ªu\ f], df6f], xfjf, kfgL, cfuf,] af3, :ofn ub}{ ;a}nfO{ kfkL egs] f
-7_ ;Togf/fo0fsf] ljrf/ lzIfsn] ;'gs] f
-8_ lzIfsn] kf| sl[ ts j:t' / ltgsf sfo{ ae' mfPsf, tLlagf afFRg g;lsg] tYo

a'emfPsf
-9_ ;Togf/fo0fsf] cfˆgf] ljrf/ kl/jtg{ ePsf]
@= tkfOs{F f] hLjgdf 36]sf] sg' } 36gfnfO{ l;nl;na] f/ ¿kdf k:| tt' u/L 5f]6f] syf
nV] g'xf];\ .
#= gk] fnL o'jfx¿ :j/f]huf/kl| t cfslif{t eO/xs] f 5g\ . pgLx¿nfO{ cem pTk|l] /t ug{
s] ugk{' 5{, syfTds 9fFrfdf nV] g'xf];\ .
$= tkfOF{sf] ;d'bfodf /x]sf gk] fnL efiffeGbf leGg efiffdf ko| f]u x'g] sx] L ;j{gfd,
;ªV\ ofjfrs zAb / 3/]n' ;fdu|Lsf] ;"rL agfO{ k:| t't ug{'xf];\ .

;g' fO kf7 @
dfofsf] lrgf]

Ps hgf l;sdL{n] s'g} sf/vfgfdf w/] } jif{ sfd u/k] l5 cjsfz lng] ljrf/ u/] /
7s] b] f/sxfF uP / eg,] æ7s] bf/hL . d}n] o; sf/vfgfdf la; jifs{ f] pd/] bl] v
nuftf/ rfln; jif{ sfd u/]F . ca rflxF d}n] csf{] xKtfbl] v cjsfz lng] lg0fo{
u/s] f] 5' .Æ
cfˆgf] sf/vfgfsf] ;ae} Gbf l;kfn' l;sdL{sf] s'/f ;'g]kl5 7]s]bf/n] eg,] æl7s
5 t Û t/ d}n] Pp6f 3/ 7]Ssf lnPsf] 5', Tof] tLg dlxgfdf ;lsG5 xf]nf . Tof]
l;Wofpg';\ clg cjsfz lng';\ . x'Gg / <Æ

28 g]kfnL, sIff !!

l;sdLn{ ] s]xL l5g ;f]r]/ xG' 5 elglbP . pgL To; sf/vfgfdf c¿ tLg dlxgf sfd
ug{ uP . pgnfO{ sfd 5f8] \g] lg0f{okl5 sfddf s'g} hfFu/ rn]g . tLg dlxgfdf
h;f]t;f] Tof] 3/ l;WofP / ef]lnbl] v cjsfz lng] eP . ToxL lbg sf/vfgfsf
7]s]bf/n] pgnfO{ pSt 3/sf] ;frF f] lbbF } eg], ætkfO{F o; sf/vfgfsf] ;ae} Gbf k'/fgf]
/ ;a}eGbf l;kfn' l;sdL{ xg' 'x'G5 . tkfOsF{ f] dx] gt / l;kn] o; sf/vfgfn] w/] } w]/}
ku| lt u¥of] . d tkfOFn{ ] o; sf/vfgfdf k¥' ofpg'ePsf] of]ubfgsf] sb/ ub{} clGtd
k6s tkfOF{n] tof/ ug{'ePsf] of] 3/ tkfOFn{ fO{ g} sf/vfgfsf] tkm{af6 dfofsf] lrgf]
ck0{ f u5{' . l:jsfg{';\ .Æ

7s] b] f/sf] s/' f ;'g]/ l;sdL{n] dgdg} eg,] æ cf]xf] Û of] s'/f dnfO{ tLg dlxgfcl3
g} yfxf ePsf] eP ====ÛÆ

g]kfnL, sIff !! 29

kf7 ;:+ sl[ tsf] gofF ofqf

#

– ;w' f lqkf7L

afNosfnsf] b;F}sf] :d[lt
d/] f] xb[ odf cem;Dd tfh}
5 . ka' L{ gk] fnsf] kxf8df
hGd]sL d d/] f] ufpF emG8}
emG8} b;sF} f] Psn ;+:sl[ tdf
hDYof] / To;d} /dfpFYof] . Ps
jif{sf] b;F} ;lsPsf] rf/kfFr
dlxgfkl5 d csf{] k6ssf] b;F}
slxn] cfpnf eGg] lh1f;fdf
xG' yF] . a'afcfdfsf] …‰ofplF s/L
s/fPsf] tLg dlxgfkl5Ú eGg]
pQ/ kfPkl5 d ‰ofpFls/L slxn] s/fpnf / b;F} cfpnf eGg] ;fr] df dUg xG' y]F . geGb}
sg' } ;feF m ‰ofpFls/L klg s/fpYF of,] jiffn{ ] l;ª\uf] kxf8nfO{ 5f]KYof] . snsn ub{} aUg] emgf{
/ lgnf] sf];L gbL png{ yfNy,] la:tf/} of] ;n] fpFYof] / nv] gfy kf}8\ofnn] eg] emF} em/L, af9L
/ lxnf] klg x6\b} uP/ zf/bLo zf]efdf /dfPsf] wtL{df b;}F cfpYF of] . kv' f{n] agfPsf] of]
k|fs[lts / ;f+:sl[ ts ;dGjo dnfO{ clt lk|o nfUYof] . afNosfnsf] of] d/] f] b;F} nu' f,
lkª, ld7f] vfgf, s]/f, s/' fpgL, ;]n/f]6L, df;l' rp/f / cGo kl/sf/ / blIf0ff;dt] af]s/]
cfpYF of] . jf:tjdf Pp6L aflnsfsf ¿kdf of] d]/f] afNoofqfsf] ;'vb k|flKt lyof] . b;}F /
b;}kF l5 cfpg] ltxf/ d]/f v';L lyP . oL v;' L d]/f hLjgsnf / zn} L;Fu hf]l8Psf lyP .
ha d of] g} d/] f] ;:+ sl[ t xf] eg]/ a'‰g yfnF] To; a]nf;Dd / cem} klg oL kj{ d/] f] hLjg
/ dgfl] j1fgdf ;bj} /lx/x]s} 5g\ .

hLjg Pp6f kj| fxzLn gbL xf] . of] ;fdl' bs| gfljsx¿sf] ofqf h:t} xf], h;nfO{ xfdL
lg/Gt/ bf8} fO/x]sf x'Fbf /x5] f}F . of] dg'iosf] o:tf] ultzLn ofqf /x]5, h;nfO{ xfdL
ef]Ug,] a‰' g] ;Demg] / ljrf/ ug]{ ubf{ /x]5fF} . oxL ofqfs} l;nl;nfdf d b'ud{ elgPsf]
kxf8 5f8/] sf7df8f}F k'uF] . d ks| [ltsf] sfvdf /dfpg] dfG5] s]xL ;do t ;x/df 3n' ldn
x'g klg sl7g eof] . la:tf/} ;x/sf uNnL, sf]nfxn / le8ef8;uF kl/lrt x'g yfn]F .

30 gk] fnL, sIff !!

sf7df8fs}F f] Pp6f sGof ljBfnodf egf{ eP/ k9g\ yfn]kl5 dnfO{ yfxf eof] gk] fn t
Jofks /x]5 . oxL Jofkstfdf dn} ] ToxfF d]/f tfdfª, u?' ª, du/, lnDa," /fO,{ emf, ofbj,
g]jf/ cflb ;fyLx¿ kfPF . ToxfFsf xfdL sf]xL z/b\sf] b;F} dgfpYF of}F t/ sf]xL eg] cs}{ ;do
/ cs}{ lbgnfO{ b;}F dgfpyF ] . sfx] L a4' kl" 0f{dfsf] s/' f uy{,] sfx] L pwF f}nL pFefn} Lsf] syf
;'gfpyF ], sf]xL ljm| ;d;sf] uLt ufpyF ] . sf]xL Nxf;] f/nfO{ cfˆgf] dn" rf8sf ¿kdf dgfPsf]
s'/f uy,{] sf]xL df3Lsf] kl/sf/ atfpyF ] / sfx] L b]p8fsf] efsf ufpFy] . To;kl5 d l;ª\uf]
g]kfn lrGg ;Sg] ePF / d dxfsfnL / dr] Lsf] l;ª\uf] kl/j]zdf gj gj ;:+ sl[ tsf] cg'ej
ug{ yfn]F . leGg wd{, leGg ;+:sl[ t, leGg klx/g, leGg klxrfg dnfO{ aNn yfxf eof] gk] fnL
hLjg t oL ljljwtf / ljleGgtfsf] ;'Gb/ ;fªn\ f] kf] /x]5 . gk] fn t dr] Lbl] v dxfsfnL
/ pQ/ lxdfnobl] v blIf0f t/fO{ dw];;Ddsf] pbfQ r]tgf / efjdf km}ns] f] /x5] . oxL
ljBfnoLo hLjg xf] hxfF dn} ] sf7df8f}Fsf] gj] f/ ;+:sl[ t, d':tfªsf] ysfnL ;:+ sl[ t, k"j{sf]
ls/ftF ;:+ s[lt ae' m]F . pQ/sf] z]kf{ ;+:s[lt, t/fO{ dw];sf] dw;] L ;+:sl[ t, klZrdsf] du/ /
yf¿ ;+:s[lt a'em]F . bfr'{nf, sgf{nL xF'b} sf7df8f}F pkTosfsf] s~rghª\3fsf] sfv;Ddsf]
;+:s[lt / snf;uF kl/lrt xg' ] cj;/ kf| Kt u/]F . g]kfnsf] nfdf] Oltxf; / ;Eotfn] lgdf0{ f
u/]sf oL ;femf ;:+ s[lt d/] } ;:+ sl[ t lyP, d/] } bz] sf ;DklQ lyP / d]/f tL ;a} ldqx¿
Ps} kmn" af/Lsf ;femf km"nx¿ lyP . d klg ToxL kmn" af/LsL Pp6L la?jf lyPF / ;femf
ag/] km'Ng] / kmjm| g] tv/{ df lyPF .

dgi' o hLjgsf] ;fys{ tf eGg' g} r]tgf xf] . ul/a jf wgL xg' ' s] xf] / lsg dflg; ul/a
jf wgL x'G5 < of] s'/f dn} ] ljBfnodf k9g\ kfOgF lsgeg] Tof] ;do o:tf ljifodf k9fpg]
kl/kf6L g} lyPg / o; lsl;dsf] rt] gf lj:tf/sf] jftfj/0f klg lyPg . To; an] f
SofDk;df klg o:tf s'/f k9\g kfOGgYof] . lghL cWoog d/] f] o:tf] hLjgaf]wsf nflu
;fy{s ;do lyof] . jf:tljs 1fgsf] vfh] Ls} nflu d lghL cWoogtkm{ tflgPF . d}n]
ToxfF k9]F – jf:tjdf dflg; hGdFbf hg' z/L/ lnP/ cfp5F Tof] k|fsl[ ts /x]5 / Tof] t
hLjj}1flgs ljifo /x]5 . hGd]kl5 dflg; ljljw sf/0fn] wgL jf ul/a xF'bf] /x5] / ToxL
cfwf/df xfdL Ps y/LnfO{ ;Eo / afl} 4s eGbf /x5] f}F . xfdL dflg; g} csf{ y/L dflg;nfO{
c;Eo / dv" { eGbf /x]5fF} . o:tf] eGg' unt ;:+ sl[ t xf] eGg] s'/f d}n] a'emF] / ;dfhdf wgL
/ ul/asf] e]b ug{] ;+:s[lt v/fa xf] eGg] af]w u/F] . >lds jus{ f] cfˆgf] ;+:sl[ t xb'F f] /x]5 .
To:tf] ;+:sl[ t >ddf g} kmNg], km'Ng] / kmjm| g] /x]5 . nf]shLjg, nfs] ;+:sl[ t, nfs] syf
ltgsf hLjgsf ;:+ sf/ lyP, ;:+ s[lt lyP / cfTdf lyP eGg] klg a'emF] . >d ltgsf
hLjgsf] dfq geP/ /fi6«s} kl| ti7f lyof] eGg] klg yfxf kfPF . ToxL sf/0f >dsf cfwf/df

g]kfnL, sIff !! 31

dfG5]df e]b x'Gg eGg] ;:+ sf/ d}n] l;sF] . dn} ] >d ug{] s'/f t dxìjk0" f{ ;:+ s[lt /x]5 eGg]
a'emF] / cfh ljZjdf >d, l;k / hfuF /n] g} dfG5n] ] ku| lt u/s] f] /x5] eGg] klg yfxf kfPF .

d dlxnf / d/] f] Pp6f 5'66\ } ju{, d;Fu Psfsf/ x'g] ju{ dlxnf . ca d}n] dlxnfsf af/]sf]
s/' f klg la:tf/} afw] ug{ yfnF] . dlxnf ePs} sf/0f d lsg pTkLl8t ePF < of] d]/f dgdf
;wF} pAhg] kZ| g lyof] . d/] f nflu lsg 5fpk8L < d/] f] kf| sl[ ts hLjgdf cfpg] d]/f] zf/Ll/s
kl/jt{g, dn} ] efU] g] /h:jnfsf] ;do, d]/f] nflu ljzi] f ;'/Iff, d dlxnf, d sdhf]/ h:tf
s'/f lsg < lsg dfG5] dfG5]df of] e]b < lsg ;dfhdf xfdL k?' if / dlxnfsf] ;fdflhs
el" dsf leGg < lsg d}n] /ftlbg sfd ubf{ klg d/] f] >dsf] dN" o ePg < vf]O{ d]/f] klxrfg <
d lsg af]Ng ;lSbgF < d oL k|Zgx¿df 3f]l/g yfnF] . dnfO{ nfUof] k|Zg ug'{ cfnfr] gfTds
xg' ' xf] / k|Zgn] dflg;nfO{ ljjs] L agfpF5, tfls{s agfpF5 / al' 4 lbG5 . kZ| g gu/]sf]
eP Uoflnlnof] Uoflnlnof] x'g] lyPgg\ . ufuL{ / dq} o] L ufuL,{ d}qo} L x'g] lyPgg\ . clnslt
ljb|f]x t rflxG5 g} ;dtfdn" s ;dfh agfpg . d}n] dªu\ nfbj] L l;x+ , ;fxgf k|wfg ;DemF],
d}n] /fh/fh]Zj/L, of]udfof / ljbf| x] L w/] } dlxnfx¿ ;Dem]F . of] ;dfgtfsf ofqfdf d}n] w/] }
k'?ifx¿nfO{ ;Dem],F hf] dlxnf;Fu} ldn]/ Gofok"0f{ ;femf ;+:sl[ tsf] lgdf{0f ug{ rfxGy] . o;
dxfg\ :jtGqtfsf] ofqfnfO{ k"0f{tf lbg rfxGy] . d}n] o; ofqfdf ;fdn] eP/ cfjfh lbPF .
b]zdf nf]stGq cfof,] b]zdf u0ftGq cfof] . ;+ljwfgn] ;f:+ sl[ ts klxrfg :yflkt u¥of] .
;dfgtfsf ljifo Nofof] tk} lg xfdLn] Gofo vf]Hg' 5, ;l+ jwfgsf] sfofG{ jog vf]Hg' 5
/ ;G' b/ ;+:s[ltsf] lgdf0{ f ug'{ 5 . xfdLn] k|fKt ug]{ Gofo klg oxL xf] . gofF gk] fnsf]
;f:+ sl[ ts lbzf / ult klg t oxL xf] .

d af/Daf/ ;DemG5,' 3f]l/G5' / lrlGtt klg xG' 5' . efj'stf d/] f] lbdfudf ;wF} lsg o;/L
vN] 5 / vl] n/xG5 < ;dfhdf lsg o:tf] ;+:s[lt aGof] / agfOof] < dfG5]sf] e]b lsg
hGDof] < /ªsf] eb] , j0f{sf] e]b, hfltsf] e]b, lnª\usf] eb] – oL e]baf6 dS' t ;dfh s;/L
aGg] / agfpg] < ;Eo / ljsl;t elgPsf sltko bz] df klg cfh;Dd Ps hfltn] /ªsf]
cfwf/df csf{] hfltdfly bdg u/]sf] ;dfrf/ ;'lgPs} 5 . xfdL klg sxfF dS' t 5f}F / <
lsg o:tf] ePsf] xf]nf < ;dfhdf >d ljefhgn] dfG5n] fO{ leGg leGg sfd ug]{ agfof] .
xfdLn] ToxL cfwf/df hft agfofF} . To;s} cfwf/df lje]bsf] k/Dk/f ;?' eof] . sf]xL
blnt eof,F} sf]xL a|fXd0f, sf]xL hghflt . xfd|f cfˆgf ;:+ sf/ 5g\, xfdf| cfˆgf k/Dk/f
5g\, xfd|f cfˆgf vfgkfg 5g\, xfdf| cfˆgf j]ze"iff 5g\ . xfd|f] /ª leGg 5, sfx] L sfnf
xf}Fnf, sfx] L uxuF' f/] f] . xfdf| ] cgx' f/ leGg xf]nf . s;}sf] gfssf] prfO km/s xfn] f, s;s} f]
cfvF fsf] cfsf/ / :j¿k leGg xf]nf . d kml] / 3fl] /G5,' cQflnG5' / ;f]R5' – oxL cfwf/df

32 g]kfnL, sIff !!

dflg;df e]b lsg < dgi' osf] dgi' oTj / dfgjsf] dfgjtf g} ;ae} Gbf 7n' f] s'/f xf] . wd{
klg oxL xf], st{Jo klg oxL xf] . ;dfhn] ;fdflhs, ;f:+ sl[ ts ljifonfO{ eb] sf] ljifo
agfof] . xfdL 56' \l6ofF,} xfdL 6l' j|mof},F xfdL leGg eofF} / xfdL dg'ion] g} oL e]b hGdfofF} . of]
leGgtf dfG5]n] hGdfPsf] leGgtf xf] gq dflg; Ps} xf,] xfdL ;a} k|sl[ tsf ;femf ;Gtfg
xfF}, ;femf j/bfg xf}F .

;+:sl[ t xfd|f] kl/ro xf], xfdf| ] klxrfg xf] / xfd|f] cge' l" t xf] . ;:+ s[lt xfd|f] afN] g], ljrf/ ug{]
/ afFRg] tl/sf klg xf] . xfd|f] ;+:s[lt afRF g'k5{, To;}n] xfd|f ;f+:sl[ ts dN" ox¿ afRF g'k5{ .
b;F} xfdf| ] ;:+ sl[ t xf], ltxf/ xfdf| ] ;:+ sl[ t xf] . lth, a4' k"l0fd{ f, 57, pwF fn} L, peF fn} L,
Nxf;] f/, uf}/f, df3L, l;?jf, lj|m;d;, Ob ;a} xfd|f ;+:s[lt x'g\ . ;Eotfsf] o; ofqfdf d
af/Daf/ ;fW] 5' / ;fR] 5,' o:tf ;G' b/ cj;/nfO{ xfdLn] ;b'kof]u ug{}k5{ . ;:+ sl[ tsf gfddf
lnª\u, ju,{ /ª, eu" f]n, hflt, wd{sf cfwf/df x'g] eb] ljsl[ t x'g\ . tL s'/f x6g\ k' 5{ /
;l+ jwfgn] o;sf] ;'lglZrttf klg u/s] f] 5 .

d afrF s] f] k[YjL ;femf 5, xfdf| efjgf ;femf 5g\ / dg ;femf 5 . ;Eotfsf] ofqfdf
sfx] LnfO{ bds agfOof] sfx] L bldt h:tf eOof,] agfOof] . sf]xL d"ndf / sf]xL alxisf/df
k/] h:tf klg eOof] . o:tf] ;:+ s[lt ;+:sl[ t geP/ ljs[lt xf] . xfdL Gofok0" f{ ;dfhsf]
lgdf{0fsf] ofqfdf 5f}F / o; ofqfsf] lg/Gt/tfdf klg 5fF} .

afNosfndf b;F} dgfpg dfdf3/ uPsf] :d[ltdf c6fPsf] dg kª\vkms' f 5 cfh .
jL/uGhsf] ofqfdf b]vs] f wfg v]t / rf}w/L sfsfsf 3/sf] df3Lsf] df5f / kl/sf/
cfh klg d/] f] :d[ltdf tfh} 5 . l;/fxfsL ofbj ;fyLsf] 3/sf 57 kjs{ f] cltly ags] f]
cg'el" t klg lhpFbf] 5 . pbok'/sL /fO{ alxgLsf] kl/jf/ / ltgsf] ;:+ s[ltn] klg nfl] ePs}
xF' . /fN] kfsf du/ ;fyLsf] 3/df klg k'u]sL xF' / ToxfFsf] ;+:s[ltsf] kl/ro klg kfPs}
xF' . w]/} ;dokl5 albo{ fdf dgfPsf] df3Ln] klg dnfO{ tfgs] } 5 . xfdL s] lxdfn, s] t/fO,{
s] kxf8, Pp6} ;femf ;:+ sl[ t lgdf0{ fsf] ;dodf 5fF} / leGgtf / eb] af6 dS' t ;dfhsf] lgldl{ tdf
5fF} . d/] f] 5 bzs nfdf] o; ofqfdf kl/jtg{ bv] s] L 5' / /dfPsL klg 5' . olt eP/ klg d
cem} ;Gti' 6 5g} . gofF ;dfh / gofF ;;+ f/sf] vfh] d/] f] hLjgofqf xf] . of] o:tf] ofqf xf,] h;n]
;f:+ sl[ ts ;TonfO{ :jLsf/ u/f;] \ / ;f:+ sl[ ts GofonfO{ :yfkgf u/f;] \ . æj;w' j} s6' D' asdÆ\ sf]
;:+ sl[ tnfO{ :yflkt u/f;] \ . Pp6f pHofnf] af6fsf] of] ofqf lg/Gt/ / cljrlnt ultdf cl3
al9/xf;] \ . d t o; ofqfsL ;fIfL dfq} x,F' casf] gofF k:' tfn] gofF af6f] agfcf;] \ . gofF k:' tf
Pp6f gofF pHofnf] xf] / ltgsf cfvF fdf dn} ] bv] s] f] pHofnf] Hofl] t oxL xf] .

gk] fnL, sIff !! 33

zAbe08f/

!= p:t} cy{ cfpg] zAbx¿sf] hf8] f ldnfpg'xf;] \ M

kl| ti7f 7n' f] lj/f]w

Psfsf/ ofh] gfcg;' f/

pTkLl8t kL8f lbOPsf]

ljbf| ]x lg/Gt/ alu/xg]

sfofG{ jog Ps} lsl;dsf]

k|jfxzLn ljlwk"j{s Jojxf/df Nofpg] sfd

OHht

@= lbOPsf cy{ ldNg] kbfjnLx¿ kf7af6 vf]h]/ n]Vgx' f];\ M

-s_ hLjgnfO{ kljq kfg{] sfd

-v_ ;d'b|sf] hxfhdf a;]/ ofqf ug{]

-u_ Pp6} dfq ;+:sl[ t

-3_ ofqfnfO{ k|ToIf xg] {] bz{s

-ª_ ;f+:sl[ ts lx;fan] k|fKt ug{] Gofo

-r_ ljrlnt gx'g] ofqf

-5_ ;a}sf] xs nfUg] ;Gtlt

#= zAbsfz] x]/]/ lbOPsf zAbsf] cy{ n]Vgx' f];\ M

:d[lt, lh1f;f, hLjj}1flgs, k|ult, ;fd]n, bdg, dg'ioTj, bldt, alxisf/

$= lbOPsf zAbnfO{ jfSodf k|of]u ug{'xf];\ M

pbfQ, cg'e"lt, ;'lglZrttf, bds, kª\vkm'sf, lgldl{ t, Gofok"0f{, cljrlnt

34 g]kfnL, sIff !!

%= lbOPsf ljifoIfq] sf zAbx¿ vf]h]/ n]Vgx' f];\ M
-s_ gk] fnL rf8kjx{ ¿
-v_ g]kfnL gT[ ox¿
-u_ g]kfnsf efiffx¿
-3_ g]kfnLsf kf;] fs
-ª_ g]kfnL vfgfsf :yfgLo kl/sf/

af]w / cleJolSt
!= …;+:sl[ tsf] gofF ofqfÚ lgaGwsf] x/s] cg'R5b] kfn}kfnf] ;:j/ k7g ug{x' f;] \ / k7g

ultsf] d"Nofªs\ g ug{x' f];\ .
@= lbOPsf kZ| gx¿sf] pQ/ lbgx' f;] \ M

-s_ dflysf] kf7 slt cgR' 5]bdf ;/+ lrt 5 <
-v_ kf7sf] bf];f| ] cgR' 5b] df s'g ljifonfO{ d'Vo efj jf ljrf/ agfOPsf] 5 <
-u_ kf7sf] 5}6f}F cg'R5b] df s:tf ljifoj:t'nfO{ k:| tt' ul/Psf] 5 <
-3_ lgaGwsf] kfFrf}F cg'R5b] df sltcf]6f jfSox¿ 5g\ <
#= kf7sf] clGtd cg'R5b] k9\gx' f];\ / cg'R5]bsf cfwf/df kfFrcf]6f kZ| g agfpgx' f];\ .
$= kf7sf cfwf/df pko'St ljsNk 5fgL vfnL 7fpF eg'{xf];\ M
-s_ ha d of] g} ;+:s[lt xf] eg]/ a‰' g yfnF], Tolt an] f;Dd / cem} klg oL kj{

d]/f] hLjg / ======= ;bj} /lx/xs] f 5g\ .
-c_ dgf]lj1fgdf -cf_ lj1fgdf -O_ 1fgdf -O_{ z}nLdf
-v_ gk] fnsf] nfdf] Oltxf; / ;Eotfn] lgdf{0f u/s] f oL======= ;+:s[‘lt d]/} ;+:s[lt

lyP .
-c_ g]kfnL -cf_ hftLo -O_ ljst[ -O{_ ;femf
-u_ dg'io hLjgsf] ;fy{stf eGg' g=} ============ xf] .
-c_ ;+:s[lt -cf_ r]tgf -O_ kj { -O{_ dgf]/~hg

gk] fnL, sIff !! 35

-3_ dn} ] o; ofqfdf ;fd]n eP/ ============= lbPF .
-c_ >d -cf_ kl;gf -O_ cfjfh -O{_ hLjg
-ª_ dgi' osf] dgi' oTj / dfgjsf] =========== g} ;ae} Gbf 7'nf] s/' f xf] .
-c_ hLjg -cf_ ;fr] -O_ Tofu -O_{ dfgjtf
%= æhLjg Pp6f kj| fxzLn====t/v/df lyP,F Æ lgaGwf+z k9L ;fl] wPsf kZ| gx¿sf] pQ/
lbg'xf];\ M
-s_ hLjgnfO{ lsg ofqf elgPsf] xf] <
-v_ cgR' 5b] sf cfwf/df d kfqnfO{ lrgfpgx' f;] \ .
-u_ gk] fnL hLjgnfO{ lsg ljljwtfsf] ;G' b/ ;fªn\ f] elgPsf] xf] .
-3 cgR' 5b] df g]kfndf /x]sf s'g s'g ;:+ s[lt plNnlvt 5g\ <
^= lbOPsf] lgaGwfz+ k9L ;f]lwPsf kZ| gx¿sf] pQ/ nV] gx' f];\ M
dnfO{ nfUof] kZ| g ug{' cfnfr] gfTds xg' ' xf] / kZ| gn] dflg;nfO{ ljjs] L agfpF5 /
a'l4 lbG5 . k|Zg gu/s] f] eP Uoflnlnof] Uoflnlnof] x'g] lyPgg\ . ufuL{ / dq} o] L
ufuL,{ d}qo} L x'g] lyPgg\ . clnslt ljbf| x] t rflxG5 g} ;dtfd"ns ;dfh agfpg .
dn} ] dª\unfb]jL l;x+ , ;fxgf kw| fg ;Dem,]F d}n] /fh/fhZ] j/L, ofu] dfof / ljb|f]xL w]/}
dlxnfx¿ ;Dem]F . of] ;dfgtfsf ofqfdf dn} ] w]/} k'?ifx¿nfO{ ;DemF,] hf] dlxnf;uF }
ldn/] Gofok0" f{ ;femf ;+:sl[ tsf] lgdf{0f ug{ rfxGy] . o; dxfg\ :jtGqtfsf] ofqfnfO{
k0" f{tf lbg rfxGy] . dn} ] o; ofqfdf ;fd]n eP/ cfjfh lbPF . bz] df nf]stGq cfof],
bz] df u0ftGq cfof] . ;+ljwfgn] ;f:+ s[lts klxrfg :yflkt u¥of] . ;dfgtfsf
ljifo Nofof] t}klg xfdLn] Gofo vf]Hg' 5, ;+ljwfgsf] sfofG{ jog vfH] g' 5 / ;'Gb/
;:+ sl[ tsf] lgdf0{ f ug'{ 5 . xfdLn] kf| Kt ug{] Gofo klg oxL xf] . gofF g]kfnsf]
;f:+ s[lts lbzf / ult klg t oxL xf] .
k|Zgx¿
-c_ hLjgdf cfnf]rgfTds x'g s] ug{k' 5{ <
-cf_ lgaGwfz+ df s:tf] ;:+ sl[ tsf] kl/sNkgf ul/Psf] 5 <

36 g]kfnL, sIff !!

&= lbOPsf] lgaGwfz+ k9L ;fl] wPsf k|Zgx¿sf] pQ/ n]Vg'xf];\ M

;:+ s[lt xfd|f] kl/ro xf], xfdf| ] klxrfg xf] / xfdf| ] cg'el" t xf] . ;+:s[lt xfdf| ] afN] g],
ljrf/ ug{] / afFRg] tl/sf klg xf] . xfdf| ] ;:+ s[lt afRF g'k5,{ To;n} ] xfdf| ;f:+ s[lts
dN" ox¿ afRF g'k5{ . b;}F xfdf| ] ;:+ sl[ t xf], ltxf/ xfd|f] ;:+ s[lt xf] . lth, a4' k"l0fd{ f,
pwf}nL, pefn} L, Nxf];f/, ljm| ;d;, Ob ;a} xfd|f ;+:sl[ t xg' \ . ;Eotfsf] o; ofqfdf d
af/Daf/ ;fW] 5' / ;fR] 5' o:tf ;'Gb/ cj;/nfO{ xfdLn] ;bk' of]u ug}{ k5{ . ;+:s[ltsf
gfddf lnªu\ , ju{, hfltsf cfwf/df xg' ] eb] ljs[lt xg' \ . tL s/' f x6\gk' 5{ /
;l+ jwfgn] o;sf] ;'lglZrttf klg u/]sf] 5 .

kZ| gx¿

-c_ ;+:sl[ t egs] f] s] xf] <

-cf_ ;l+ jwfgn] ;'lglZrt u/s] f ;f+:sl[ ts ljifox¿ s] s] x'g\ <

*= pQ/ n]Vgx' f;] \ M

-s_ gk] fndf s] s:tf ;f:+ sl[ ts ljljwtf 5g\ <

-v_ >d / ;:+ s[lt s;/L cGt/;DalGwt xG' 5g\ <

-u_ Gofok"0f{ ;+:sl[ tsf] lgdf{0f s;/L ug{ ;lsG5, lgaGwsf cfwf/df nV] g'xf;] \ .

(= JofVof ug{x' f];\ M

-s_ g]kfnsf] nfdf] Oltxf; / ;Eotfn] lgdf{0f u/]sf oL ;femf ;+:sl[ t d]/} ;:+ s[lt
lyP, d/] } b]zsf ;DklQ lyP / d/] f tL ;a} ldqx¿ Ps} kmn" af/Lsf ;femf
km"nx¿ lyP .

-v_ ;:+ s[ltsf gfddf lnª\u, ju{, /ª, e"uf]n, hflt, wd{sf cfwf/df xg' ] eb] ljsl[ t
xg' \ .

!)= ;dLIffTds pQ/ n]Vg'xf;] \ M

-s_ gk] fndf ljBdfg ;:+ s[ltsf ;an / ba' n{ kIfsf] rrf{ ug'x{ f];\ .

-v_ æ;f:+ sl[ ts ¿kdf Gofok"0f{ ;dfhn] dfq ;dtfd"ns ;dfhsf] lgdf0{ f ug{
;S5 .Æ ljj]rgf ug'x{ f;] \ .

gk] fnL, sIff !! 37

!!= lbOPsf] cgR' 5]b k9L ;fl] wPsf k|Zgx¿sf] pQ/ nV] gx' f];\ M

;:+ sl[ tleq sg' } hfthfltsf njfOvjfO, j]ze"iff, efiff, bz{g, dfGotf / ljZjf;
ns' ]sf x'G5g\ . hftLo ljljwtfleq ;f+:s[lts ljljwtf x'G5 . ;+:sl[ tsf] ljzi] ftf
hftLo k[yStf klg xf] . axh' ftLo d'ns' df ax';f+:s[lts ;DkGgtf kfOG5 clg o;sf]
;dGjo ug]{ d'ns' ;f}Gbod{ f >i] 7 7x5{ . hxfF ;'Gb/ km"n km'N5g\, ToxfF ed/fx¿ n6\l7P/
em'N5g\ . xfd|f] ;f:+ sl[ ts pGgog ;d' gs~' h aGg ;s] cEofut df/} L / ed/f agL
em'lDdG5g\ . xfdL k/fu / dw/' ; a6'Ng ;S5fF} . df}/Lsf] nugzLntf ;fk6L lnP/
dx hDdf ug{ ;S5f}F . dxsf] /; ;'Sb}g . ;:+ s[lt dw/' ; xf,] ;Eotf 3f/ xf] . xfdL
;G' b/ ljZjafudf xb[ ofsifs{ 3f/ agfpg ;S5f,F} x[bo s]Gb|df ;f+:sl[ ts dw'/;
hDdf ug{ ;S5f}F .

kZ| gx¿

-s_ ;:+ sl[ tleq s] s] n'ss] f x'G5g\ <

-v_ axh' ftLo d'ns' sf s] s:tf ljzi] ftf x'G5g\ <

-u_ …;+:s[lt dw'/; xf], ;Eotf 3f/ xfÚ] eGgfsf] tfTko{ s] xf] <

-3_ …ky[ StfÚ / …cEofutÚ sf] cy{ nV] gx' f];\ .

!@= lbOPsf] cgR' 5b] k9L rf/cf6] f d'Vo aF'bfx¿ l6Kg'xf];\ / Ps t[tLof+zdf ;f/
n]Vgx' f];\ M

ljut xfdf| ] cge' j xf], jt{dfg oyfy{ xf], eljio sNkgf xf] . cfˆgf] k/Dk/fnfO{
;+/If0f ub{} efjL k:' tfsf nflu hLjGt /fVg' jt{dfgsf] st{Jo xf] . k'vf{sf] ljut,
xfd|f] jtd{ fgsf] Jojxf/ g} efl] n ;Gtfgsf] ;f+:s[lts w/fx] / aGg] 5 . hGdlbg]
cfdfaa' fnfO{ …dft[b]jf] ejM lktb[ j] f] ejMÚ, lzIff lbg] u'?nfO{ …cfrfo{b]jf] ejMÚ, 3/df
cfPsf kfxg' fnfO{ …cltlybj] f] ejMÚ, k|f0f /Iff ug{] jg:kltnfO{ …jg:kltbj] f] ejMÚ eg]/
bj] Tjs/0f u/L cfb/ ug]{ ;+:sl[ t xfd|f] cdN" o lglw xf] . 5f/] f5f/] LnfO{ ;:+ sf/oS' t
lzIff lbg' cfhsf] klxnf] cfjZostf xf] . ;GtfgnfO{ ;DklQ glbP s]xL ;do;Dd
dfq ?G5, t/ ;:+ sf/ lbg ;lsPg eg] lhGbuLel/ /fO] /xG5 . xfdLn] c¿sf]
b]vfl;sL gu/L cfˆgf] ;+:sf/ / ;:+ s[ltsf] lg/Gt/ ;/+ If0f ug'k{ 5{ . lg/Gt/ alu/xs] f]
kfgLn] s7f/] 9'ªu\ f sf6]/ ljleGg cfsf/ agfOlbG5 . xfdL cfk"mn] cfkmn}F fO{ k"hf u/]/

38 gk] fnL, sIff !!

cfTdk"hfsf] gd'gf k:| t't u5f{F} . cfk"mleqsf] d tìjnfO{ lgolGqt u/]/ k/fk] sf/L aGg
k]l| /t ug]{ xfdf| ;+:s[lt nf]k eP eg] xfdL klg d/]t'No x'G5f}F . To;}n] alnof] agf}F
t/ c;Eo gagf}F, bofn' agf}F t/ sdhf/] gagf}F, uj{ u/fF} t/ 3dG8 slxNo} gu/fF} .
;:+ sf/ / ;:+ s[lt JolStsf] kf| 0f xf], To;}n] o;sf] ;/+ If0f u/fF} .
;'gfO / afn] fO
!= ;g' fO kf7 # sf cfwf/df 5'6s] f zAb e/L tnsf jfSo k"/f ugx{' f];\ M
-s_ xfd|f ufpF tyf ;x/df kf| rLg ;Eotfsf ============== oqtq 5g\ .
-v_ zf:qLo / nf]s g[To, uLt / jfbgdf xfdf| cgGo =========== 5g\ .
-u_ afnL nfpbF f, leµofpbF f, ===========ubf{ ufOg] uLtx¿ kg' hLj{ gsf] cf; ub{} 5g\ .
-3_ vfgkfg / klx/gdf hftLo, If]qLo / ;fdb' flos ================ 5g\ .
-ª_ xfdL efiff, wd,{ ;:+ sl[ t / k/Dk/fdf axn' 5fF} t/ cfk;df ================= 5fF} .
@= pQ/ lbgx' f];\ M
-s_ xfdf| ] dg s] s] s/' fdf /dfpF5 <
-v_ b]p8f / 3f6'n] s;/L ef}uf]lns ;Ldf gf3]sf 5g\ <
-u_ ;+:sl[ tsf kf/vLx¿ sxfF /dfpF5g\ <
-3_ vfgkfg / klx/gdf s] s:tf ljljwtf 5g\ <
-ª_ sg' s'/f xfd|f] cgk' d klxrfg xf] <
#= lbOPsf gfrx¿ gk] fnsf sg' sg' ;d'bfo;Fu ;DalGwt 5g\ < tL sxf,F slxn] /
s;/L gflrG5g\, sIffdf 5nkmn u/L atfpg'xf];\ M
-s_ ;fs]nf gfr -v_ df?gL gfr
-u_ nfv] gfr -3_ lemF lemof gfr
-ª_ ;lF ugL gfr -r_ b]p8f gfr
-5_ wfg gfr -h_ x8' s\ ]nL gfr

gk] fnL, sIff !! 39

efifftìj

kbju{ M gfd

!= lbOPsf] cg'R5]b k9L gfd jus{ f zAbsf] klxrfg ugx{' f;] \ M

Ps xn' leIfx' ¿ xfd|f] cufl8af6 :tk" sf] kl/jm| df ug{ yfn] . æcfxf Û slt /fdf| ]
;x/ Û p M Tof] k/ b]lvPsf] eLd;g] :tDe xf]Og <Æ d~hn' ] :joDe"sf] k|fªu\ 0faf6
b]lvg\ / ;t] f] :tDe bv] fpFb} a'af;Fu v';L JoSt ul/g\ . ;fFRr} ToxfaF f6 gf/fo0flx6L
b/af/, l;+xb/af/, xgd' fg9f]sf b/af/, Po/kf6] ,{ sLltk{ /' ;a} k:| 6 b]lvFbf] /x]5 .
dlxdf :joDe"af6 b]lvg] sf7df8f}Fsf] bZ[ o lgofln/x]sL lyOg\ . p;sf] xftdf ePsf]
k|;fbsf] emf]nf afFb/n] n'5/] nUof] .

@= lbOPsf zAbx¿af6 Pp6} pkjud{ f kg]{ gfdx¿sf] ;"rL agfpg'xf;] \ M

uf]kfn, sf7df8f}F, sgfn{ L, /fdfo0f, afkm, l/;, d'gfdbg, ltxf/, xf]nL, km" n, ayfg,
lth, ufO,{ df5f], /ut, sl' x/f], lstfa, 3/, ljBfno, a;fO, rf/] L, o4' , h'Qf, cf}F7L,
6fk] L, dV' of{O,F ;fOsn, nx/, le8, x'n, rfª, vft, nx/, 9ª' \uf, df6f,] ;g' , rfFbL,
rfdn, kfgL, /ut, s'lx/f,] k|d] , 3[0ff, dfgjtf, zfl] etf, w/dk/' , lzIff, k9fO, hjfgL,
ul/aL, afNofj:yf, kmfh} , sf/, emK' kf], t]n, b;}F

#= lbOPsf] cg'R5b] af6 la;cf6] f gfd zAb l6Kg'xf;] \ M

g]kfndf ljleGg kjx{ ¿ dgfOG5 . ltg} dxìjk0" f{ kjx{ ¿dWo] ;'b"/klZrddf gf/Lx¿n]
ljz]if ¿kdf dgfpg] kj{ xf] uf/} f . o; kj{df dlxnfx¿ j|t a:5g,\ eujfg\ lzjkfj{tLsf]
kh" f u5{g\ . of] kj{ kfl/jfl/s ;be\ fj / ;v' ;dl[ 4sf] sfdgf u/]/ dgfOg] kj{
xf] . o; kj{df kfv] /L, gbL cflbdf gx' fP/ 3/sf] ;/;kmfO tyf k"hf;fduL| tof/
ul/G5 . ;fgf] s/] fp, u/' fF;, rgf, uxt, uxF' jf ds}dWo] sg' } Ps /fvL k~raLh
agfOG5 . o;/L tof/ kfl/Psf] aLhnfO{ uf/} f3/df nuL lehfOG5 . uf}/fnfO{ gjbu' fs{ f]
¿kdf klg k"hf ug]{ rng 5 . ltnsf] af6] , b'af], s'z, an', ckdfu{, lttk] ftL, wfgsf]
af6] / bfl8dnfO{ uf}/f b]jLsf] ¿kdf l;uF fl/G5 . o;kl5 rfv] f] sk8f / uxgfn]
9fs]/ uf/} f kh" f ul/G5 . o; kjd{ f dlxnfx¿ no ldnfP/ uLt ufpF5g\ . dfun /
kmfux¿sf dfWodaf6 cfˆgf dgsf s'/f aflx/ lgsfNg] dxìjk0" f{ cj;/sf ¿kdf
uLt ufOG5 . uLtsf dfWodaf6 ;fdflhs pTkL8g, ljs[lt, lj;ª\ult, kL8f, j]bgf
kfl] vG5 . gf/L k?' if ;dfg ¿kdf kª\lSta4 eP/ bp] 8f gfrs] f] bZ[ o ;fRF r} g}
dgdfx] s bl] vG5 .

40 g]kfnL, sIff !!

$= kf7sf] klxnf] cg'R5]bdf /x]sf gfd zAbx¿ l6Kg'xf];\ .

kbju{ M ;jg{ fd

!= lbOPsf] cg'R5]bdf gfdsf] ;6\6fdf pkoS' t ;j{gfd kb k|ofu] u/L k'gnv{] g ug'{xf];\ M

-s_ cfdfaa' fn] 5f/] f5f/] LnfO{ k9g\ sf nflu wgu9L k7fP . 5f/] f5f]/Lx¿ ToxfF a;L
w/] } k9] . 5f]/L kl9;sk] l5 ufpF kmsL{ . 5f]/Ln] ufpFdf Pp6f ljBfno vf]nL .
sx] L jifk{ l5 5f]/f] klg ufpdF } kmSof{] . 5f/] fn] klg To; ljBfnodf k9fpg
yfNof] . cfdfaa' f v';L x'g'eof] .

-v_ d]/L 5f/] L 1fgn' ] Joj:yfkgdf :gfts ul/g\ . 1fg' cfˆgf] ufpFdf uOg\ . 1fgn' ]
ufpFdf pBf]u vf]lng\ . pBfu] df w]/} dflg;x¿n] hflu/ kfP . dflg;x¿sf]
cfly{s l:ylt ;'lw|of] .

@= lbOPsf ;j{gfdnfO{ ldNbfhN' bf pkju{df ;r" Ls[t ug'{xf];\ M

d, xfdL, t,F ltdL, ltdLx¿, tkfOx{F ¿, pm, pgL, pgLx¿, pxfF, pxfFx¿, of,] oL, tL,
logLx¿, ltgLx¿, :jod\, sf]xL, sx] L, c¿, sf], s,] hf], h;] 's,} hf;] 's,} tkfOF,{ Tof,]
cfk}Fm, h], cfk"m

#= lbOPsf] uBf+z k9L bzcf6] f ;jg{ fd l6Kgx' f;] \ M

d / efO ahf/ uof}F . xfdLn] ahf/df ltdLnfO{ bV] ofF} . ltdL pd]z / /fhLj;Fu lyof} .
pgLx¿n] lutf/ afs] s] f lyP . pdz] n] xfdLnfO{ bv] ]/ ;fW] of], ætkfOxF{ ¿ sf] sf] ahf/
cfpge' Psf] <Æ

d}n] eg],æ efO / d dfq xf] .Æ

d]/f] s/' f ;g' /] ltdL pdz] ;Fu l/;fof} / eGof}, æpm hf];s' };uF cfcf];\ g . tnF fO{ lsg

rflxof] <Æ

æo;nfO{ s] eof] cfh <Æ ltdf| ] kf/f bv] /] pd]z cfkm} 5Ss k¥of] .

$= lbOPsf ;jg{ fdnfO{ cy{ v'Ng] u/L jfSodf ko| f]u ug'x{ f];\ M

Tof], ltgLx¿, oL, :jod,\ h], sf], s,] cfkm" , pxfF, sfx] L, k|To]s, c¿, ;a}, s]xL, xh'/

gk] fnL, sIff !! 41

kbju{ M ljzi] f0f
!= lbOPsf] uBfz+ af6 ljz]if0f zAb klxrfg u/L n]Vgx' f;] \ M

Ps lbg b'O6f du[ kfgL vfg vfn] fdf ku' ] . To; vfn] fdf Pp6f 7'nf] Ajf;F f] klg kfgL
vfg cfof] . rnfv AjfF;f] sdhf]/ d[ux¿;Fu lgx'F vfH] g yfNof] . w"t{ AjfF;fn] eGof],
æP d]/f efGhf xf] Û of] kfgL lsg wldnf] agfPsf] <Æ
ælk|o dfdf Û ;kmf kfgL t tkfO{Fn] kf] wldnf] agfpge' of] t . xfdL t kfgLd} k;]sf
5}gfF} .Æ ;fgf] du[ n] hjfkm lbof] .

@= lbOPsf kbfjnLaf6 ljzi] f0f zAb 5fgL ltgnfO{ ldNbf] pkjud{ f juLs{ /0f ugx{' f;] \ M
kz| :t ;DklQ, ;t] f] lxdfn, p;sf] xft, d/] f] lstfa, alnof] xfQL, ltd|L alxgL,
clnslt cGg, ultnf] e}F;L, afªu\ f] ?v, a'emSs8 elthL, of] snd, Tof] lunf;,
yf/] } dn, aUbf] vfn] f, r8b\ f] pd/] , zLtn xfjf, nfvfF} tf/f, kfrF kf08j, ;ofF} yu'F f,
;f:+ sl[ ts ;Dkbf, gl} ts an, ;Kt Clif, dlnnf] af/L, oL dflg;, tL kmn" , ;a} g]kfnL

#= lbOPsf] cg'R5b] af6 bzcf]6f ljz]if0f zAb klxrfg u/L l6kf]6 ugx{' f;] \ M
d/] f] g]kfndf ;t] f lxdfn, xl/of kxf8 / pj/{ zLn t/fO{ 5 . oxfF ljljw hfthflt,
cg]s ;:+ s[lt / ;ofF} efiffx¿ 5g\ . d]xgtL dflg; a;f]af; ug{] o; b]zdf cfk"m
d//] c¿nfO{ arfpg] jL/ k'vfx{ ¿ hGd]sf lyP . :jR5 xfjfkfgL / kf| s[lts
;EotfnfO{ hf]ufO/fVg ;Sg] jftfj/0f gk] fnsf] klxrfg xf] .

$= …;:+ sl[ tsf] gofF ofqfÚ lgaGwaf6 kGwc| f]6f ljz]if0f zAbx¿ l6Kg'xf;] \ .

kbju{ M ljm| of
!= lbOPsf] uBf+zaf6 ljm| ofkb klxrfg u/L n]Vg'xf;] \ M

xfdLleqsf] ;Eo aGg] /x/n] afa'afhs] f lz/ ems' ] . afas' f ctL{ aGbL ag] . afhs] f
lko| j:t' ;ª\ux| fnosf zfe] f aGg ;s]gg\ g t 3/df ;lhP . kv' f{sf klx/g,
kfOtfnfsf 8f]a / kl;gfsf bfgf xfd|f ag]gg\ . xfdL logsf aGg ;sg] f}F . xfdf|
;FlugL, afng' / /fb] L kl] nP, wds{ d{ lj¿k ag] . ljZjf; ablnP, jfb axlsP .
afa'x¿ 8o\ f8 / cfdfx¿ dDdL ag] . xfd|f] af]nLdf afn'jfsf s0f ldl;P, lhaf| ]
n/al/of] klZrdL kf/fdf . cflv/ o:tf] x'gd' f s;sf] el" dsf /x\of] <

42 gk] fnL, sIff !!