eutl;+x M cfi} fwL s;/L agfpgx' G' 5 t <
abL| M
cfi} fwL klg ;lhn} agfpg ;lsG5 . ;fdfGotM ufO{j:t'n] gvfg] vfnsf
Dx]Gbf] M bzafx| y/L ?vsf kftx¿sf] /; uxF't;Fu ld;fP/ af6] la?jfdf 5g{] xf]
abL| M eg] clwsf+z /f]usf] lgoGq0f ug{ ;lsG5 . To;df v';fg{ L, lgd, n;g' ,
xs{Wjh M a];f/, afe] mf] h:tf h8La'6L ld;fpg] xf] eg] t ;'gdf ;u' Gw eOxfNof] .
ab|L M
P To;f] eP tkfO{Fn] /f;folgs dn / cfi} fwLsf] k|of]u lkml6Ss} uge{' Psf]
eutl;+x M 5}g t <
abL| M
5g} , To;n} ] xfdf| ] pTkfbg dfgj :jf:Yosf nflu xflgsf/s 5}g .
cl3 u'?cfdfn] vfBfGg cd[t xf] eGg'ePsf] lyof] lg, Tof] rflxF o:t}
/fde/f;] M pTkfbgnfO{ eGg'ePsf] xf] .
xg} tkfOn{F ] t vt] af/LnfO{ k/' } hªu\ n h:tf] kf] agfpg'ePsf] 5 t <
xf] t, of] jghªu\ ns} kf/fdf ul/g] vt] L k0| ffnL xf] . xfdLn] oxfF ljzi] ftM
kmnkm"n / cf}ifwLsf af]6x¿ nufPsf 5fF} . oxfF of] prfOdf kfOg] ;a}
cUnfxfr] f ?vx¿nfO{ k~r:t/Lo 9fFrfdf Jojl:yt ul/Psf] 5 . lar
lardf hnka| Gwgsf nflu gfnL klg 5g\ . x]gx{' f;] \ t, d}n] u/]sf] sl[ ifdf
af]6la?jfsf] ;xcl:tTjnfO{ :jLsf/ ul/Psf] 5 . oxfF Pp6f km;nn]
csf]{ km;nnfO{ ;xof]u u5{ . Pp6fn] grflxg] eg]/ df6fdf ˆofFs]sf]
tìj csf]{ la?jfn] dnsf ¿kdf lnG5 . Pp6f la?jfsf] af;gfn] csf{]
la?jfdf /f]u nfUb}g . s]xL g s]xLsf] pTkfbg a;{}el/ eO/xG5, a]lr/xg
klg kfOG5 .
eg]kl5 kmnkmn" aR] g] clg cGg / t/sf/L rflxF ahf/af6 lsGg] <
xfO] g, dn} ] cGg / t/sf/Lsf nflu pM k/sf] 7fpF 5fg]sf] 5' . ToxfF
jl/kl/ 7n' f 7n' f ¿vx¿ 5g\ h;n] xfjfsf] ult / /f]usf] cfj|md0fnfO{
/f]Sgs' f ;fy} cGg / t/sf/Lsf] pTkfbgsf nflu pkoS' t vfnsf] kf| sl[ ts
jftfj/0f tof/ kf5{g\ .
-;a} hgf Totl} t/ nfU5g\ ._
oL ev/{ /fk] s] f a]gf{sf kmb] df ;'ss] f kftkltª\u/ lsg xfNg'ePsf] lg <
gk] fnL, sIff !! 143
ab|L M P of], d}n] o;nfO{ cfR5fbg eGg] u/]sf] 5' . o;f] u/k] l5 afnLdf
cgfjZos emf/kft klg pld|bF g} g\ clg hldgsf] lr;f]kg klg ;S' g
xs{Wjh M kfpFbg} . cl3 b]vfPsf] nb] f] xNsf 5l/lbPkl5 la:tf/} of] sl' xG5 /
abL| M la?jfnfO{ dn klg xG' 5 . xfdLn] vfg] pTkflbt km;nafxs] afFsL /xs] f]
;a} ‰of;em;' o;/L g} cfR5fbg u/k] l5 la?jfnfO{ dnsf] cefj g}
Dx]Gbf] M x'Fb}g lg . df6fdf hlt lyof] Tolt g} /x]g t < lnPsf] km;nsf] abnfdf
ab|L M dlxgfdf Ps k6s nb] f] 5ls{g] . lx;falstfa a/fa/ .
eutl;+x M
abL| M ptf rflxF hª\uns} 9fFrfdf vt] L ug'e{ Psf] 5 . otf klg v]taf/Lsf]
jl/kl/ ?vx¿ /fK] ge' Psf] 5 . o;s} f] 5fofn] afnLgfnL laufb}{g <
;a} la?jfnfO{ plQs} 3fd rflxFbg} . Ps k6s tkfOF{ hª\unsf] jftfj/0f
cgd' fg ugx{' f;] \ . ToxfF cgluGtL ?vla?jf xG' 5g\ . ;a} afrF ]s} 5g\,
xs' {]s} 5g\, kmn]s} 5g\ . hª\unsf la?jfdf tkfO{F hfRgx' f;] \, s'g} tìjsf]
sdL xbF' g} . ToxL lj1fg oxfF nfu' xG' 5 .
t/ Pp6f s/' f xh/' , hª\undf t dn, kfgL / vghf]t s]xL t ul/Fb}g .
vt] Ldf klg ToxL lgod Nofpg vfh] ]/ x'G5 xfn] f t <
x'G5 . ptfsf] d/] f] afujfgL ToxL df8] nsf] t xf] lg, eO/fvs] f] 5 .
tkfO{Fsf] s'/f cln cgf7} f] nfUof] . To;f] ePbl] v /f;folgs dn /
ljiffbLsf] k|ofu] u//] vt] L ug{' g} x'Fb}g t <
dn} ] k|ofu] ugx{' F'bg} egs] f] 5}g . s'/f] olQ xf] ls dn} ] k|ofu] u/]sf] 5}g .
ko| f]u gu/L klg o;/L g} uha;Fu pTkfbg ug{ ;lsG5 eg] lsg k|ofu]
ug'k{ ¥of] / < olb s;n} ] ug{] g} ljrf/ u5{ eg] sl[ ifljbs\ f] ;Nnfxdf df6f],
xfjf, kfgL glau|g] u/L ug'{k¥of] . dfgj :jf:YonfO{ ljrf/ u/]/ ug'{k¥of] .
hldgnfO{ pj{/ agfpg ugk'{ ¥of], aGh/ agfpg xf]Og . vf;df s[lif
Ifq] df hyfefjL ¿kdf /f;folgs dn / ljiffbLsf] k|of]u ugf{n] xfdLn]
vfBkbfy;{ Fu} lav vfO/fv]sf 5fF} . Tolt dfq} xfO] g, /f;folgs dn tyf
ljiffbLx¿sf] cTolws k|of]u u//] kfgLsf ;f| ]t / ;f; kmg] ]{ xfjf;d]t
ljiffSt agfPsf 5fF} . df6f];dt] aaf{b agfP/ c;ªV\ o hnr/ / :ynr/
hLjx¿sf] xTof u/]sf 5f}F . kf| 0fLx¿sf] hLjg /Iffsf] cfbz{nfO{ en' /]
o;/L ljiffbL ko| fu] ug{' ck/fw sd{ xfO] g < dnfO{ nfU5, of] /fd|f]
144 g]kfnL, sIff !!
eO/fvs] f] 5}g . To;n} ] t a]nf an] fdf k|s[ltn] cgs] /f]usf gfddf
xfdLx¿nfO{ klg ;hfo lbO/fv]sf] 5, x}g / <
8fN] df u'?df M l7s s'/f xf] abL| hL, /f;folgs dn / ljiffbLsf] kr| /' ko| f]uaf6 ul/g]
pTkfbg kf| sl[ ts pTkfbg g} xf]Og . Tof] t dfgjlgld{t s[lqd kbfy{ xf] .
vf;df Tof] vfgs] /' f g} xf]Og, vfgs] '/f h:t} b]lvg] ljiffn' j:t' xf] .
abL| M xg] ;{' \ 8f]NdfhL, xfdLn] t gk] fnsf] sl[ if If]qdf /x]sf k/Dk/fut 1fg /
cg'ejnfO{ hfu] fpgk' g]{ 5 . xfdf| k'vf{x¿n] hfu] fP/ xfdLnfO{ ;'Dks] f
laplahg x/fpbF } uPsf 5g\, eljiosf nflu ltgsf] ;+/If0f / kj| wg{
ug{k' g]{ 5 . sl[ if sd{nfO{ ;Ddflgt sd{sf ¿kdf :yflkt ugk{' g{] 5 .
t/ s] ug{' < gk] fnsf] sl/a bO' { ltxfO hg;ª\Vof sl[ if If]qdf cfl>t
5g\ t}klg cfhsf kf| oM ljBfyL{n] cfkmn" fO{ efl] nsf] ls;fg eGg] ;f]r]sf]
5}g . sl[ ifs} cWoog / cg';Gwfgdf nfu]sf s[lif j}1flgsx¿, gLlt
lgdft{ fx¿, lhDd]jf/ kbflwsf/L tyf sd{rf/Lx¿ jf s[lif cleoGtfx¿n]
klg cfˆgf ;GtfgnfO{ ls;fg agfpg vfh] ]sf 5g} g\ . k9]nv] s] f] dfG5]n]
d ca s[lif sd{ ckgfp5F ' egL lg0f{o lnof] eg] To;nfO{ cs{} gh/n] x]g{]
jftfj/0f 5bF } 5 . of] dgf]lj1fgnfO{ gabn;] Dd xfdL s;/L ;d[4 aGg
;S5f}F / <
8f]Ndf u'?df M tkfOF{sf] s'/f dggLo 5 abL| hL . tkfOs{F f] of] s[lifzfnf s[lifzfnf dfq}
xf]Og, 1fgzfnf klg /x]5 . tkfO{nF fO{ w]/} w/] } wGojfb . n ljBfyL{
;fyLx¿, xfdL ca kmsg{ ] t/v/ ug{k' 5{ x} .
ab|L M kVgf;] \ kVgf;] \, kmnkmn" vfP/ dfq} kms{g'k5{ . d l6lkxfN5' .
-;a} ljBfyLx{ ¿ u'?dfsf] cgx' f/lt/ x/] /] xf:F 5g\ ._
zAbe08f/
!= tn lbOPsf cy{ lbg] zAbx¿ kf7af6 vfh] /] n]Vg'xf;] \ M
-s_ ;f]Rg nfos
-v_ afnLgfnL
-u_ cy{k0" f{
gk] fnL, sIff !! 145
-3_ kfgLdf a;/] hLljsf ug]{ k|f0fL
-ª_ ljifoS' t
-r_ lap 5/k] l5 df6fnfO{ kftkltª\u/n] 5fK] g'
-5_ Pp6} :yfgdf kfrF km/s prfO xg' ] jI[ f nufpg]
@= lbOPsf zAbx¿sf] cy{ vN' g] u/L jfSodf ko| f]u ugx{' f];\ .
uxFt' , pj/{ , :ynr/, hnka| Gwg, sl[ ifljb\, k|jwg{ , ;d[4, cleoGtf, dxìjfsfªI\ fL,
1fgzfnf
#= lbOPsf kbfjnLx¿sf] ko| f]u u/L Pp6f cgR' 5]b tof/ kfg{'xf;] \ M
k/Dk/fut 1fg, k|fsl[ ts jftfj/0f, /f;folgs dn, kofj{ /0f ;+/If0f, s[lif j}1flgs
afw] / cleJolSt
!= …sl[ ifzfnfdf Ps lbgÚ kf7 k9L ;fl] wPsf kZ| gsf] pQ/ lbg'xf;] \ M
-s_ ;+jfbdf slt hgf kfqx¿ ;xefuL 5g\ <
-v_ ;a}eGbf w]/} k6s k|Zg ug{] ljBfyL{ s'g xf] <
-u_ of] ;+jfb sg' :yfgdf ul/Psf] xf] <
-3_ s'g kfqn] vfBkbfy{nfO{ cfi} fwL egs] f] 5 <
-ª_ ;ae} Gbf 5f]6f] ;j+ fb s;n] afn] ]sf] 5 <
@= lbOPsf egfOx¿ ss;sf xg' ,\ kQf nufpgx' f];\ M
-s_ oxfF Pp6f km;nn] csf]{ km;nnfO{ ;xofu] u5{ .
-v_ bM' v t tkfO{Fn] klg kfpge' Ps} xf]nf .
-u_ s[lif k];f t cfkm"nfO{ dfq xf]Og, ;+;f/nfO{ arfpg] sd{ klg t xf] lg .
-3_ otf klg v]taf/Lsf] jl/kl/ ?vx¿ /f]Kge' Psf] 5 .
-ª_ tkfOsF{ f] s/' f cln cgf7} f] nfUof] .
-r_ tkfO{sF f] of] s[lifzfnf sl[ ifzfnf dfq} xfO] g, 1fgzfnf klg /x5] .
146 g]kfnL, sIff !!
#= …s[lifzfnfdf Ps lbgÚ kf7nfO{ xfpefp;lxt k9L ;+jfbdf k|Zg / pQ/sf] z[ªv\ nf
s] s:tf] /x]sf] 5, ;d"xut 5nkmn ug{x' f;] \ .
$= kf7df /xs] f] …dn} ] k|ofu] ====xg} / <Ú ;j+ fbfz+ k9L lbOPsf k|Zgsf] pQ/ lbgx' f];\ M
-s_ s] ubf{ hldg pj/{ aG5 <
-v_ kfgLsf ;f| t] ljiffSt xg' fsf] sf/0f s] xf] <
-u_ ;+jfbdf s] sdn{ fO{ ck/fw elgPsf] 5 <
-3_ k|s[ltn] xfdLnfO{ s;/L ;hfo lbO/fvs] f] 5 <
%= lbOPsf] ;j+ fbfz+ k9g\ x' f];\ / ;fl] wPsf k|Zgx¿sf] pQ/ nV] g'xf;] \ M
hLjgsf] ufx|f;] f/f] klg efjgf;Fu g} hf]l8g] s/' f xf] lg . ;fdfGotM dg k/s] f] sfddf
sdfO yf/] } eP klg lrQ a'‰5 . kml] / d}n] h'g k4ltsf] vt] LkftL ul//x]sf] 5',
To;af6 xfdf| ] kl/jf/ dhfn] rns] f] 5 . ;fdfGotM xfdL dn, lap, cf}ifwL ahf/af6
lsGbg} fF} . /f;folgs vt] L ePsf] eP ls;fgsf] w]/} k;} f ahf/lt/ hfGYof] . of] t
kf| sl[ ts v]tL xf] To;}n] xfdL pTkfbg sfo{sf nflu kf| oM s]xL lsGb}gfF,} pkh eg]
v?' v'? aR] 5f}F . pTkfbgdf nfut sd 5 t/ pTkflbt j:t'sf] dN" o rflxF w]/} kfOG5 .
:jf:Yod}qL xg' fn] xfd|f] pTkfbg ;lhn};uF oxLFaf6} laS5, ahf/sf] sg' } ;d:of 5}g .
k|Zgx¿
-s_ kf| sl[ ts vt] L ubf{ s] kmfObf x'G5 <
-v_ ædg k/s] f] sfddf sdfO yf/] } eP klg lrQ a‰' 5 .Æ o; sygnfO{ k'li6
ug'x{ f];\ .
^= lbOPsf] ;+jfbfz+ k9g\ x' f;] \ / ;fl] wPsf kZ| gx¿sf] pQ/ n]Vg'xf;] \ M
xfdLn] t gk] fnsf] sl[ if If]qdf /xs] f k/Dk/fut 1fg / cge' jnfO{ hfu] fpg'kg]{ 5 .
xfdf| kv' f{x¿n] hfu] fP/ xfdLnfO{ ;D' ks] f laplahg x/fpFb} uPsf 5g,\ eljiosf
nflu ltgsf] ;/+ If0f / kj| w{g ug'{kg{] 5 . sl[ if sdn{ fO{ ;Ddflgt sd{sf ¿kdf
:yflkt ug{'kg]{ 5 . t/ s] ug{' < g]kfnsf] sl/a b'O{ ltxfO hg;ª\Vof s[lif Ifq] df
cfl>t 5g\ tk} lg cfhsf k|foM ljBfyL{n] cfkm"nfO{ ef]lnsf] ls;fg eGg] ;fr] s] f] 5}g .
s[lifs} cWoog / cg;' Gwfgdf nfus] f s[lif j}1flgsx¿, gLlt lgdf{tfx¿, lhDd]jf/
kbflwsf/L tyf sd{rf/Lx¿ jf s[lif cleoGtfx¿n] klg cfˆgf ;GtfgnfO{ ls;fg
gk] fnL, sIff !! 147
agfpg vf]h]sf 5}gg\ . k9n] v] ]sf] dfG5]n] d ca s[lif sd{ ckgfp5F ' egL lg0fo{ lnof]
eg] To;nfO{ cs{} gh/n] xg] ]{ jftfj/0f 5Fb} 5 . of] dgfl] j1fgnfO{ gabn;] Dd xfdL
s;/L ;d[4 aGg ;S5f}F / <
kZ| gx¿
-s_ xfdf| df}lns laplahg s;/L hfu] fpg ;lsG5 <
-v_ s[lifsd{nfO{ ;Ddflgt sd{sf ¿kdf :yflkt ug{ s] s] ug'{knf{ <
&= pQ/ n]Vg'xf];\ M
-s_ sl[ ifsd{ lsg dfgjhfltsf] cl:tTj;uF uflF ;Psf] 5 <
-v_ jghªu\ n / sl[ ifsf] ;DaGw s:tf] 5 <
-u_ hl} js dn / cfi} fwL s;/L agfpg ;lsG5 <
-3_ cfR5fbg k|lj|mofsf kmfObfx¿ atfpg'xf;] \ .
-ª_ sl[ if sds{ f af/d] f tkfO{Fsf ljrf/x¿ k:| t't ugx{' f;] \ .
*= ;dLIffTds pQ/ lbg'xf;] \ M
-s_ lbuf] sl[ if k4ltsf nflu s] s:tf s/' fdf Wofg k'¥ofpg'k5{ <
-v_ æjftfj/0f kb| "if0fsf] d"n sf/0f dfG5] g} ePsfn] o;sf] ;dfwfg klg dflg;n] g}
ug'k{ 5{ .Æ ;j+ fbfTds ;Gbe;{ d]t Vofn u/L cfˆgf ts{x¿ k:| tt' ug{x' f];\ .
(= lbOPsf] cg'R5b] k9L ;fl] wPsf k|Zgx¿sf] pQ/ lbgx' f;] \ M
g]kfn vn' f Pjd\ ahf/fG] d'v cyJ{ oj:yf ePsf] d'n's xf] . xfd|f] bz] n] cfˆg}
;f| ]t;fwgsf] kl/rfng u/L cfly{s ljsf; / ul/aL lgjf/0fsf] jfl0fHo gLlt cjnDag
u/]sf] 5 . cGt/fl{ i6«o :t/df k|lt:kwf{ ug'{ / Jofkf/ Joj;fosf] kj| w{g ug{' o;sf]
dn" p2Z] o xf] . ;fdfg lgsf;L, k}7f/LnfO{ ;dofgs' "n agfO{ /fh:j ;ª\sng ubf{
bz] sf] cyt{ Gqdf 6j] f k'U5 . cfˆgf] b]zdf pTkflbt h8La'6L tyf sl[ ifhGo j:tn' fO{
Joj:yfkg u/L d'gfkmf cfhg{ ug{ ;lsg] 9frF fdf xfd|f] jfl0fHo gLlt to ePsf]
5 . Jofkf/3f6f sd ug{ / /fh] uf/Lsf] ;ªV\ ofdf jl[ 4 ug{ o; gLltn] ;xofu]
k¥' ofpg] ckI] ff lnOPsf] 5 . kf| sl[ ts / h}ljs ljljwtfn] oS' t o; b]zdf kz'kG5L
/ jg:klthGo pTkfbgnfO{ plrt k|ljlw / hgzlStsf] ;o+ fh] gåf/f lgof{t k|jwg{
148 g]kfnL, sIff !!
ug{ ;lsg] ;Defjgf 6/]sf] 5g} . n3' pBf]u, 3/n] ' pBf]unfO{ k|f]T;fxt ub{} g]kfnL
df6f] ;'xfpFbf] cyt{ Gq lgdf0{ flt/ nfUg] xf] eg] /fHosf] /fh:j ;ª\sngdf klg jl[ 4
x'G5 . b]zleq} /fh] uf/ l;hg{ f ug{sf nflu pBfu] Joj;fo ;~rfngfy{ /fHon] lghL
Ifq] nfO{ klg kf| T] ;flxt ug{ ;s] xfd|f] cyJ{ oj:yf dhat' aGg k'U5 . o;/L ;/sf/n]
;xhstfs{ f] e"ldsf lgjfx{ u/L pTk/|] s / lgofds lgsfoaf6 cg'udg;dt] ub{}
lghL Ifq] sf] klg ;lj|mo ;xeflutfdf b]znfO{ cfly{s ;dl[ 4sf] af6fdf lx8F fpg
;S5 .
kZ| gx¿
-s_ g]kfnn] s:tf] jfl0fHo gLlt cjnDag u/]sf] 5 <
-v_ /fh:jdf j[l4 s;/L ug{ ;lsG5 <
-u_ bz] sf] ;d[l4df lghL Ifq] sf] el" dsf s:tf] x'G5 <
-3_ …h}ljs ljljwtf / ul/aLÚ lgjf/0f kbfjnLsf] cy{ n]Vgx' f];\ .
;'gfO / af]nfO
!= ;'gfO kf7 !) ;'Ggx' f];\ / 5'6s] f zAb e/L jfSo k"/f ug'{xf;] \ M
-s_ Ctx' ¿ km] l/g,' prfOcg;' f/ tfkj|md km/s kg{' ========================================
==== lgod g} xf] .
-v_ xfjfkfgLsf] rj|mdf b]vf k/]sf] o:tf] ============================================
kl/jt{gnfO{ g} hnjfo' kl/jtg{ elgPsf] 5 .
-u_ ljsf; lgdf{0fsf gfddf ============================================ ke| fjsf] cWoog
gu/L ul/g] ultljlw g} hnjfo' kl/jtg{ sf] d'Vo sf/0f xf] .
-3_ jfod' 08nsf] ;/+ rgfdf e"ldsf lgjfx{ ug{] Uof;F x¿sf] cgk' ftdf km] /abnn] /
dn" tM ============================================sf] dfqf a9g\ fn] kY[ jLsf] tfkjm| d a9g\
yfns] f] 5 .
-ª_ af9Lklx/f,] cgfj[li6, ============================================ v08jl[ i6nufotsf
kf| sl[ ts k|sf]k a9]sf] 5 .
-r_ hnjfo'df bv] f kg{] o:tf] c:jfefljs kl/jtg{ n] ;f/f k|f0fLsf ;fy;fy}
dfgjhflts} ============================= ;ªs\ 6df kg{ ;Sg] l:ylt b]vfk/s] f] 5 .
g]kfnL, sIff !! 149
@= lbOPsf cy{ lbg] kfl/eflifs zAb kf7af6 vf]h]/ eGgx' f];\ M
-s_ kfgL sd kg{'
-v_ bl" ift kfg{] sfd
-u_ kxf8sf] leqleq} agfOPsf] af6f]
-3_ kY[ jLsf] rf/l} t/ /x]sf] xfjfsf] cfj/0f
-ª_ c0f' jf Gol' Sno/af6 aGg] xltof/ agfpg] 7fp F
-r_ sg' } klg :yfgsf] kf| sl[ ts jf jftfj/0fLo l:yltdf kl/jt{g
-5_ jl/kl/ kfgLn] 3l] /Psf lardf p7s] f] ee" fu
#= dfl} vs pQ/ lbgx' f];\ M
-s_ hnjfo' kl/jt{g s] sf/0fn] xG' 5 <
-v_ hnjfo' kl/jtg{ sf c;/x¿ s] s] x'g\ <
-u_ hnjfo' kl/jtg{ df ;w' f/ Nofpg s] ugk{' 5{ <
$= k|bi" f0fsf af/]df nl] vPsf ;dfrf/x¿ / kqklqsfx¿ ;ª\sng u/L sIffdf NofP/
;'gfpgx' f;] \ .
%= sg' } Ps ;flxlTos ufi] 7Lsf] cfof]hgfsf nflu Pp6f cfofh] s ;ldlt agfpgx' f];\ .
pSt ;ldltn] sfoj{ m| dsf] ¿k/v] f tof/ kf/L sfo{j|md x'g] ldlt, :yfgsf] ;r" gf hf/L
ug'{xf];\ . pSt sfo{j|mddf ?lrcg';f/ sljtf, uLt, syf cflb ;g' fpg nufpg'xf;] \ .
o;sf nflu bO' { hgf pb\3f]ifs, b'O{ hgf ;dLIfs klxn] g} to ug{x' f;] \ . sfoj{ m| dnfO{
;s;] Dd k|lt:kwf{Tds agfO{ lzIfssf] ;dt] ;xfotfn] sfoj{ |md ;DkGg ugx'{ f;] \ .
efifftìj
;df; / lju|x
!= lbOPsf] uBfz+ df /]vfª\sg ul/Psf kbfjnLnfO{ Pp6} ;d:t zAb agfO{ n]Vg'xf;] \ M
ca eflgh bfOsf s/' f ;g' f,}F w/] } jfb / ljjfb gu/f}F . xfdL kT| os] lbg emg\ kl5
emg\ /f]un] u|:t aGb} uPsf 5fF} . To;}n] af/Ldf nufOPsf] ufh/ / d'nf lgsfnfF} /
vfcfF} . nfs] sf] lxtsf nflu s] s:tf] cGg / hn rflxG5 eGg] ljifodf k|To]s jif{
ufpsF f] kflnsfdf ax; u/fF} . xfdL;Fu lxdsf] cfno 5, hLjg¿kL uLt 5 To;n} ]
s"ksf] d08s' gagfF} .
150 g]kfnL, sIff !!
@= lbOPsf] cgR' 5b] sf uf9f zAbnfO{ lju|x u/L bv] fpgx' f];\ M
;fGgfgL k"hf;fdu|L lnP/ af6fkfl/sf] dlGb/lt/ uOg\ . d kLtfDa/;uF af3rfn vN] b}
lyPF . lgodk"js{ jt| a;L cfhefl] n klg o;/L wds{ dd{ f nfus] f] / rjm| kfl0fsf]
:tl' t u/s] f] bv] ]/ d bf]wf/df k/]F . pgL rfa} GbL / dflva6' \6] u'Go'df ;lhPsL lyOg\ .
pgn] dnfO{ klg k~rfdt[ / km"nkftL lbOg\ . d}n] pgsf] yfnLaf6 ;okqL / nfn'kft]
lgsfnF] . ToxL a]nf kNnf3/sf gLns07 sfsf 6K' n'Ss cfpge' of] . pxfnF ] dnfO{
if8b\ z{g / ci6fWofoL k9g\ ;'emfpge' of] .
#= kf7af6 ;d:t zAb vf]Hgx' f;] \ / tL zAb s;/L ags] f x'g\, atfpg'xf;] \ .
$= ;d:t zAb eP lju|x clg ljux| sf cj:yfdf eP ;d:t zAb agfpg'xf;] \ M
dxfslj, afl56f, kmb] g6'Kkf], /tGwf,] gf} /;sf] ;d"x, bfh' / efO, xf8 h:tf] cfv] /,
x[i6 / ki' 6, g C0f g wg, ;ft dfts[ fsf] ;dx" , af9LkLl8t, rf/ kfp ePsf],
rl/gª\u,|] d7' f hqf h'uF f ePsf], afs] b] f/L, rGb| h:tf] laGb,' nDsGgf, sfnLdf6L, nDa
pb/ ePsf], nfdf] v'6\6f ePsf]
%= dfly k/s] f afx]s ljleGg k|sf/sf ;d:t zAbx¿ vfh] L sIffdf k:| t't ugx'{ f;] ,\
To:tf zAbsf] ljux| s;/L ug{ ;lsG5 egL 5nkmn ug{x' f;] \ .
l;h{gf÷kl/of]hgf
!= …hxfF hª\un, ToxfF dª\unÚ zLifs{ df Pp6f 5f]6f] ;j+ fb tof/ ug{'xf];\ .
@= jftfj/0f hf]ufpg s] ug{ ;lsPnf eGg] af/]df rf/ hgf ;fyLx¿sf] ;dx" agfO{
5nkmn ug'{xf;] \ / >ft] f ;fyLx¿n] To;nfO{ l6kf]6 u/L ;j+ fbsf] ¿k lbg'xf;] \ .
#= …:j:y hLjgsf /x:ox¿Ú zLifs{ df cfjZos ljifoj:t' ;ª\sng u/L Pp6f kj| rg
sfoj{ |md ;~rfng ug'x{ f;] \ .
;g' fO kf7 !)
hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf c;/x¿
kl/jt{g zfZjt kl| j|mof xf] . lxpbF df hf8f] x'g' / avf{df udL{ xg' ' kl/jtg{ sf] lgod
g} xf] . Ctx' ¿ k]ml/g,' prfOcg';f/ tfkjm| d km/s kg{' kf| sl[ ts lgod g} xf] t/
ks| [ltn] l;hg{ f u/]sf] kl/jt{gsf] :jfefljs ultdf dfgjLo ultljlwn] afwf xfNgfn]
gk] fnL, sIff !! 151
xfjfkfgLsf] :jfefljs rj|mdf c:jfefljs kl/jtg{ x¿ bv] f k/s] f 5g\ . xfjfkfgLsf]
rj|mdf b]vf k/]sf] o:tf] c:jfefljs kl/jt{gnfO{ g} hnjfo' kl/jtg{ elgPsf]
5 . o:tf] kl/jtg{ n] k[YjLsf] ;Dk"0f{ kf| 0fL tyf jg:klt huts\ f ;fy} :jod\ kY[ jLsf]
hLjgdf 7n' f] c;/ k/s] f] 5 .
hnjfo'sf] :Jffefljs ultdf ke| fj kgfs{ f] dV' o sf/0f dfgjLo ultljlw g} xf] .
ljsf; lgdf{0fsf gfddf jftfj/0fLo ke| fjsf] cWoog gu/L ul/g] ultljlw g} hnjfo'
kl/jt{gsf] d'Vo sf/0f xf] . o; j|mddf dflg;åf/f vf]lnPsf] 7'nf 7n' f sf/vfgfx¿,
jgljgfz ub}{ a;fOPsf dfgja:tLx¿, k|fsl[ ts ;+/rgfnfO{ eTsfpbF } agfOPsf
af6fx¿, ;'?ªx¿, oftfoftsf ;fwgx¿, cf0fljs e6\6Lx¿ cflbsf] ;ª\Vof j[l4;uF }
jftfj/0fLo kb| i" f0f a9s] f] 5 / jfo'd08ndf /x]sf sfa{g8fOcS;fO8nufotsf cGo
xl/tu[x k|efjcg¿' k Uof;x¿sf] dfqfdf jl[ 4 ePsf] 5 . jfod' 08nsf] ;+/rgfdf el" dsf
lgjfx{ ug]{ UofF;x¿sf] cg'kftdf km] /abnn] / d"ntM sfa{g8fOcS;fO8sf] dfqf a9\gfn]
kY[ jLsf] tfkjm| d a9g\ yfn]sf] 5 . k[YjLsf] tfkj|mddf cfPsf] o:tf] c:jfefljs jl[ 4
g} hnjfo' kl/jtg{ sf] k|dv' sf/0f ag]sf] 5 . kY[ jLsf] tfkj|mddf cfPsf] c:jfefljs
jl[ 4n] lxpF klUng] j|md a9]sf] 5 . lxdfnx¿ sfnf kTy/df ¿kfGt/0f xb'F } 5g\ .
o;n] ubf{ lglZrt xfjfkfgLdf /Dg] hLjhGt' / jg:kltsf] hLjg ;ª\s6u:| t ePsf]
5 . af9Lklx/f], cgfj[li6, cltjl[ i6, v08j[li6nufotsf kf| sl[ ts ks| fk] a9s] f] 5 .
;d'bs| f] ;tx a9\b} uPsf] 5 / ;db' L| t6sf a:tLx¿nufot dfnlbE; h:tf 6fk'x¿
8'afgdf kb{} 5g\ . sx] L gofF hLjx¿sf] hGd xbF' } 5g\ / w/] } k'/fgf hLjx¿ nfk] x'Fb}
5g\ . o;n] ubf{ hl} js ljljwtfn] sfod u/fpg] jftfj/0fLo ;Gtn' g w/fkdf k/s] f]
5 . hnjfod' f b]vfkg{] o:tf] c:jfefljs kl/jtg{ n] ;f/f kf| 0fLsf ;fy;fy} dfgjhflts}
cl:tTj ;ªs\ 6df kg{ ;Sg] l:ylt bv] f k/s] f] 5 .
To;n} ] hnjfo' kl/jt{gn] lgDTofpg] o:tf vt/fx¿nfO{ lgoGq0f ug{, dfgj
cl:tTjsf ;fy} :jod\ k[YjLsf] cl:tTjnfO{ hf]ufO/fVg dfgjLo cltjflbtfnfO{ xfdL
dfG5n] ] g} /fS] g' ckl/xfo{ ag]sf] 5 . ljsf;sf] gfddf ljgfzsf] dxfvf8ntkm{ nDsg]
b'ik|of;nfO{ lg?T;flxt ugk'{ /s] f] 5 . of] sfd JolSt, ;dfh, /fi6« / cGt/f{li6o«
;db' fosf] ;o+ S' t k|of;af6 dfq ;Dej x'G5 .
152 gk] fnL, sIff !!
kf7
!! /f/f ed| 0f
@)&& h]7 @# ut]
;wF} ^ ah] p7g\ ] d cfh t laxfg} ;f9] tLg ah] g} p7F] . c¿ lbg h:tf] sxfF xf] / Û
cfh t ljz]if lbg lyof] Û lsgls gk] fnL ks| [ltsf] cgk' d 56fn] el/Psf] sgf{nL k|b]zsf]
du' d' f cjl:yt /f/f hfg] lbg kf] lyof] cfh Û cfFvfsf 9sgL t cfh ;f9] tLg ah] kf]
vl' n;s]5g\ .
em6k6 lgTosd{ ;s]/ d nfu]F dnfO{ g} kv{/] al;/x]sf] lhktkm{ . u'NdL cfkF rf/} tNnfkmf6F sf]
…/fli6o« skmL ljsf; s]GbÚ| cufl8 s'/]/ al;/xs] f] lhkdf d k'Ubf cGo ;fyLx¿ cfO;s]sf
/x]5g\ . cfFkrf/} sf] tNnfkmf6F af6 ;v' t]{ k'Ugsf nflu laxfg rf/} ah] xfdf| ] lhk lgs}
xtfl/Fb} lyof], lsgls cfh lhknfO{ sl/a rf/ ;o lsnfl] d6/ nfdf] af6f] u8' g\ k' g{] lyof] .
gjLg bfh', nlntf efph," uf]ljGb u?' ª, wgnfn ;/, k|j]z efO, dgdfof / d;lxt 5 hgf
/f/fsf 3'dSs8 6f]nL af]s/] lhk tNnfkmfF6af6 ;v' ]{tsf nflu sb' \of] .
9f]/kf6gaf6 aUb} cfPsf] ?b|fjtL -a8L3f6_ gbLsf sfvdf cjl:yt tNnfkmf6F af6
?bf| jtL gbLnfO{ bflxg] kf/]/ lsgf/} lsgf/ xfdL cl3 a9\ofF} .
g]kfnL, sIff !! 153
plxNob} l] vsf] sRrL t/ clxn] u|fa]n xbF' } sfnf]kq]sf] kvfO{ df /x]sf] tNnfkmfF6bl] v
l/8L;Ddsf] #) ls=ld= cws{ RrL af6fs] f hfl] N7ªx¿df xfdLnfO{ xNof{ª\xn' ª'{ kf//] xNnfpFb}
lhk xO' lF sb} lyof] / lem;ld;d] } dh'jf, rf/] sf6], pNnLvf]nf, v/} g] Lsf kmfF6x¿ l5rf]Nb}
xfdLnfO{ laxfg ;f9] kfrF ah] ?b|j0] fL k¥' ofof] . tNnfkmfF6af6 xfdL ;Fu;Fu} cfPsf] ?bf| jtL
/ d':tfªsf] bfdfb] / s'08bl] v nfdf] ofqf ub}{ cfPsf] sfnL u08sL Pscsf{df ;dflxt
ePsf] 7fpF xf] ?b|j0] fL . ToxfaF f6 :ofª\hf u'NdL / kfNkf lhNnfsf] ldng laGb' ??Ifq] sf
gfdn] kl| ;4 tLy{ Pjd\ ko6{ sLo :yn l/8L k'Uof}F .
xfd|f] lhk cu{nL, hf]t,]{ nuj' f, xfyf{]s xFb' } kfNkf tfg;]g k'Ubf ;f9] ;ft alh;ss] f] lyof] .
tfg;]gsf] atf;8] f8F fbl] v gfuan] L af6fsf 3D' tLdf a6fl/Fb} ul' 8/xs] f] xfdf| ] lhk kjf{;
kU' of] . xfdLn] kfNkfsf] hf]/wf/fdf ku' /] ksf8} f, r'sfpgL / lrof vfof}F .
xfdL gf} ah] a'6jn k'lu;ss] f lyofF} / xfdf| ] lhk a'6jnaf6 klZrdtkm{ dfl] 8of] . uf?] l;ªu\ ],
rgf6} f, efn'jfª, ndxL xbF' } xfdL ;feF m rf/ ah] sf]xnk'/ k'UofF} . a'6jnbl] v e]6 ePsf] k"j{
klZrd /fhdfun{ fO{ 5f8/] xfdL pQ/tkm{ nfUof}F . sf]xnk/' df k"j{klZrd /fhdfu{;Fu labf
eP/ sgf{nL /fhdfu{tkm{ cufl8 a9]sf] xfdf| ] 6f]nL lr;fkfgL, xflQ;f/ / x/{s] f] ns] x'bF }
l5Grd' f kU' of] . xfd|f] lhk e]/L gbL t//] sf]xnk'/bl] vsf] sl/a krxQ/ lsnf]ld6/sf] ofqf
l5rfN] b} ;'v{t] k'Uof] / ;feF m gf} ah] ;v' ]t{ a;kfs{s} Ps xf]6ndf a:ofF} .
@)&& h7] @$ ut]
lxhf] lbgel/ lhkdf s'lF hP/ a:bf / lhkn] x'OSofpFbf yfs]/ nvt/fg eO{ lxhf] bz ah]
;'t]sf xfdL laxfg rf/} ah] p7\g afWo eofF} . lsgls xfdf| ] lhksf u?' af6 xfdLnfO{ kfrF }
ah] tof/ xg' eGg] ;ªs\ t] eO;ss] f] lyof] .
rf}la; ut] laxfg kfrF } ah] ;'vt{] af6 /f/fsf] ofqfdf lg:Sof}F . Psl5g ToxLF a;/] ;'v]t{ sf]
;G' b/ pkTosfnfO{ x]g{] /x/ xF'bfxbF' } klg o; k6ssf] xfd|f] uGtJo /f/f ePsfn] xfdL ;'/Do
pkTosf / ahf/ 5f8] /] cl3 a9\g ljjz lyofF} . xfdf| ] lhk a8\8Lrp/ kftfn vfn] f x'Fb}
tNnf] 8ª' u\ ]Zj/ em¥of{] . xfdLn] ToxL g} lrofgf:tf u¥of}F .
lr;f] lxdfnL hn af]s]/ tftf] t/fO{ emb}{ u/s] f] sgfn{ L gbLsf] lt/l} t/ xfdL cl3 a9o\ fF} .
o:tf] nfUYof], dfgf‘} sgf{nL 3fd tfKg tntn emb}{ 5 / xfdL zLtntfsf] vfh] Ldf dfly
dfly ;b{} 5f}F . /fsd sgf{nL, lv8\sL lhpnf xFb' } xfdL lhtu] f9 k'UofF} . l;Ghfaf6 /
hD' nfaf6 em/]sf bO' { alxgL h:tf lxdf / ltnf gbL gfUduf9df ldl;P/ ;';]nL xfNb} oxL
lht]u9df cfP/ sgf{nLdf xl] nPsf lyP . oxL bfe] fgaf6 xfdL sflnsf]6sf] ;b/d'sfd
154 g]kfnL, sIff !!
dfGd / lknL xF'b} xfdL gfUduf9 kU' ofF} . ltnf / lxdf gbLx¿ ldl;Psf] of] 7fpFaf6 xfdL
lxdf gbLsf] lsgf/} lsgf/sf] /fhdfu{nfO{ g5f8L l;hF f pkTosflt/ psfnf] nfUof}F .
gfUdaf6 sl/a 8]9 306fkl5 l;Fhf pkTosf k|jz] u¥of}+ . l;Fhfsf jl/kl/sf /d0fLo
a:tL / v]tx¿nfO{ lxdf gbLn] clel;~rg u/L hLjgbfg lbPsL /lx5g\ . afO;] v;
/fHosf] /fhwfgL, g]kfnL efiffsf] pb\ud :yn / /ftf] df;L{ wfg pTkfbgsf] dn" ynf] l;Fhf
pkTosfleq y'k|} ufpF /x]5g\ . g/fsf6] af6 l;hF f k|j]z u/k] l5 To; pkTosfdf kf08ju'kmf
xFb' } uf]7Llhpnf kU' ofF} . g]kfnL efiffsf] pb\ud el" d / df;L{ rfdnsf] el" d /x5] l;hF f
pkTosf . uf]7Llhpnfdf k'u]/ lhkaf6 cfn] b{F } lhkleq slF' hPsf] lhp tGsfof}F clg xf6] ndf
vfgf agfpg nufof}F .
bO' { ;o jif{ klxn] afO;] /fHosf ;dodf of] l;hF f slt u'Nhf/ lyof] xfn] f < elgG5, oxL
l;Fhfn] /f0ffsfndf b/af/sf efG;fdf df;L{ rfdn k7fpFYof] /] . df]6/ af6fn] 5f]Pkl5 eg]
l;Fhf clxn] bªu\ k/]sf] h:tf] d}n] cge' t" u/]F .
vfgf vfPkl5 kljq / Pl] txfl;s l;hF fnfO{ cfFvfel/ ;hfpFb} xfdL lhk r9o\ fF} . n8' \s',
xf6l;Fhf / dflnsf aft] f h:tf ;x/ xg' /x/ ub{} u/]sf /d0fLo a:tLx¿ l5rfN] b} cl3
a9o\ fF} .
xfdL P]ltxfl;s l;Fhf pkTosfnfO{ 5f8] b\ } dflnsf af]tfbl] v ;?' x'g] r66\ fg lr//] ags] f]
/fhdfu{nfO{ k5\ofpbF } uofF} / rfFy} f eGg] 7fpFdf kU' ofF} . xf6] n / vfgkfgsf] Joj:yf ePsf]
o; 7fpFaf6 psflnb}F 3R' rLsf] ns] df kU' bf /f/f /fli6o« lgs'~hsf] r]s kf]:6;Fu xfdf| ]
hDsfe6] eof] . /f/f cfOk'Uof] ls Sof xf] < eg/] ;f]wk] l5 yfxf eof], cem} s]xL cf]/fnf]
/ hª\unkl5 dfq kf] /f/f tfn k'lug] /x]5 . ToxfFaf6 cl3 a9]/ lkgfufpF x'bF } xfdL /f/f
tfn glhss} f] ;Nn]/Lsf] hª\undf kU' of}F . uf8L ToxLF /fs] ]/ emf]nf af]sL sl/a Ps 306f
lx8o\ f}F . /ft k/s] fn] xfn] f, af6fsf] hª\unsf kmf6\6km'6\6 ?vsf 7'6fx¿ dfG5] w'Dw'DtL
a;] em}F b]lvP . d PSn} cfPsf] eP t t;f{pFy] xfn] fg\ . s]xL l5gkl5 xfdL /f/f kU' of}F .
xfdLn] /f/fs} 5]pdf cjl:yt l/;f]6d{ f yfss] f emfn] fx¿ la;fof}F .
a]ns' f g} l/;f6] d{ f a;]/ cfuf] tfKb} ubf{ bl] vPsf] /f/fsf] /flqsfnLg ;fG} bo{ /
:yfgLoaf;Lx¿af6 ;G' g kfOPsf] bp] 8fsf] kf| s[lts :jfb klg sDtL :jflbnf] lyPg .
l/;f]6d{ f k'Ugf ;fy xfdLnfO{ tftf] xan{ lrofn] :jfut ul/of] . hlt lkP klg ylklbg]
rng /x]5 . dv' / k6] xa{nn] tft] klg z/L/;Fu l;Fuf/} L v]Ng eGb} lr;f] xfjf cfˆg}
ultdf alu/xs] f] lyof] .
g]kfnL, sIff !! 155
/f/f ed| 0fdf cfPsf ljb]zLx¿ dfq} xf]Og :jbz] L ko{6s cfcfˆg} ;d"xx¿ l/;f]6{ If]q
-sDkfpG8_ leq} gfrufg / Vofn76\6f ub{} /dfO/x]sf b[Zo klg sDtL /f]rs lyPgg\ Û
lrl;Psf] z/L/nfO{ aln/x]sf] cfufsf /fkdf ;s] fpbF } cfcfˆg} efiff / ;:+ s[ltk/s k:| tl' t
lbO/x]sf bZ[ on] o; :yfgnfO{ l;ªu\ f] ljZjs} ;f+:sl[ ts s]Gb| agfO/x]sf] lyof] . o;sf]
kT| oIfbzL{ d cfkmF} alg/xs] f] lyPF .
t/fO{sf] udL{df aflkmbF } psflnPsf] xfd|f] lhp /f/fdf cfOkU' bf k'/} lrl;Psf] lyof] . xfdL
u'NdLsf] eGbf s}ofF} w/] } u'gf lr;f] 7fpFdf k'lu;s]sf lyof}F . Psl5g cl3;Dd cfufsf]
sl[ qd tftf] / /f/fsf] k|fs[lts lr;fs] f] tLj| åGå clg nfdf] ofqfsf] ysfgn] nvt/fg
ePsf] cge' j u/s] f] lyPF . t/ /f/fsf] ;f}Gbo{kfg ug{] v';Ln] dg km?' ª\u lyof] .
@)&& h7] @% ut]
cfh klg ;a} hgf laxfg kfrF ah] g} p7o\ f}F . xfdL xfd|f] ;kgfsf] uGtJo /f/fsf] cfFugLdf
ku' ]/ Ps 6sn] ;f/f /f/fnfO{ cfvF fsf ;fgf gfgLleq} c6fpg vfH] of}F .
laxfg} ldld/{ pHofnf] ePkl5 xfdL /f/f tfn x]g{, 5'g / To;af6 cfgGb lng /f/fs} 5]pdf
k'UofF} . lsgf/df 5rlNsbF } cfpg] /f/f tfnsf at] fn nx/x¿ a;}F n] 5rlNsPsf x'g\ of
xfdL;uF lk/tL ufF:g xtfl/Psf xg' ,\ xfdLnfO{ 7Dofpg ufx|f] k¥of] . ;f}Gbo{ xg] { cfpg] hlt
;f/f ko{6sx¿sf] lbn rfg] {] hfbd' oL /f/fsf] dfbstfdf gn6l\ 7g] sf]xL x'bF f /xg] 5g\ . slj
d=aL=aL= zfxsf] …/f/f ls cK;/fÚ eGg] sljtf ;Demk] l5 dnfO{ nfUof], /f/fdf t zf;snfO{
;dt] Ps} gh/df ;flxTosf/ / slj agfOlbg ;Sg] hfb' klg /x5] . cfk"m slj geP
klg dnfO{ /f/fsf h'g s'g} bZ[ o sljtfsf ;'Gb/ kª\lSt nflu/x] . ;DklQ, ;'v / je} jsf
k5fl8 s'b\bfs'bb\ } sl[ qdtfsf] d}nfn] ] s6sl6Psf] dfgj dgnfO{ wfO] kvflnlbP/ k|fsl[ ts
dfG5] agfpg] hfb' klg log} /f/fdf /x]5 . ;'Gb/tf o:tf] j:t' /x]5 h;nfO{ hlt x]/] klg
gc3fObF f] /x5] / cem} efs] hflu/xFbf] /x5] .
xfdLn] /f/f /fli6o« lgs'~hsf] sfofn{ osf] blIf0f kms]s{ f] u6] glhs} a;]/ klg /f/fnfO{ x¥] of}F .
/f/fs} lsgf/df a:bf /f/fsf 5fnx¿ 5rlNsbF } xfdL;uF lhl:sg cfOk'u] / xfdLnfO{ Tof]
lr;f] kfgLn] 5bF' f /f/f gfgLsf] Gofgf] dfofn] lhp g} l;l/ª\u kf/s] f] cg'e"t eof] . xfdLn]
/f/fsf] jl/kl/ sl/a kfFr lsnf]ld6/ lxF8/] Ps km]/f klg nufofF} . rf/}lt/af6 ;bfaxf/
jg:kltn] el/Psf kxf8n] l8n nufP h:tf 8f8F fx¿n] 3]l/Psf] of] /f/f / o;sf] uf9f
xl/of] kfgL x]bf{sf] lbJo cge' "ltsf] j0fg{ zAbx¿af6 dfq ;Dej lyPg .
156 gk] fnL, sIff !!
dnfO{ nfUof], z'Sn kIfdf rflxF /f/fsf tfnleq lbp;F f] / /ftL, 3fd / h"g kfnf] afF8]/
cfnfk] fnf] kfl} 8bF f xf]nfg\ . /ftLsf] o:tf] dfbs b[Zo b]v/] lbpF;f] cfsfzdf bl] vg] afbnsf
bnx¿, glhs} 7l8Psf xl/of kxf8x¿ tyf ;F}kfn, l;:g] / sflGh/f]jf h:tf lxdfnx¿
klg tF5f8d5f8 ub{} /f/fsf nx/df xfDkmfNb} nxl/P/ ck"j{ cfgGb n'6\bf xfn] fg\ Û
ToxfFsf] s~rg hn bV] bf nfUof,] /f/fsf] of] hn ;fwf/0f xfO] g, c;fwf/0f 5 . of] hn
/f/fs} ;/fk] m]/fs] f] 3gf hªu\ ndf /x]sf ;of}F k|sf/sf c;ªV\ o h8La6' Lx¿sf h/fsf
jgf}ifwLx¿sf] cgk' d /;fog / ;lDd>0faf6 ags] f] 5 . q]tf o'udf nId0f 3fOt] x'bF f
xg'dfg\hL ;~hLjgL a6' L lng lxdfnL e]udf cfpFbf s'g rflxF ;~hLjgL a'6L xf] 7Dofpg
g;sL l;ªu\ f] kj{t g} p7fP/ nus] f] ldys eg"F jf lsj+ bGtL egf}F Tof] sNkgf dfq xf]Og
ls eGg] s'/fnfO{ To; b[Zon] kl' i6 uYof{] .
/f/fnfO{ kx/f lbP/ a;s] f jl/kl/sf kxf8 / ToxfF ;'ifK' t jg:klt ;Dem/] d/] f] 5ftL uj{n]
kmN' of] . d cfkml" eq gk] fnL xg' fsf] uf/} jsf] gofF ;u/dfyf pleof] .
;db' L| ;txbl] v @(&@ ld6/sf] prfOdf cjl:yt o; tfnsf] nDafO clwstd kfrF
lsnfl] d6/ / rf8} fOrflxF clwstd #=@ lsnfl] d6/ /x5] . !)=* ju{ lsnfl] d6/ cfu] 6s] f] Ifq] kmn
:jodn\ ] g} o; tfnsf] ljzfntf, pRrtf / eJotfsf] ;fIo k:| tt' u/s] f] /x5] . laxfg ;o" {
pbfpbF f sfrF emF} 6nn 6lNsg,' lbp;F f] rNg] atf;;uF } /f/fsf] kfgL cfkmF} xfjfdf nxl/bF } t/n] L
vN] g' / cfsfzdf afbn nfUbf ;fx] L afbnnfO{ tfg/] k/' } tfnel/ g} cf5] o\ fO{ lbge/df tLgk6s
;fG} bo{ ;Hhf ub{} ko6{ s n7o\ fpgsf nflu /f/f gfgLn] cgs] ¿k kml] b/{ lx5g\ . /f/f glhs} sl/a
bO' { 306fsf] lx8F fOaf6 kl' ug] dd' f6{ k eGg] cToGt dxìjk0" f{ 7fpF /x5] .
/f/fsf] k/' } bZ[ ofjnf]sg ug{ ckL, sflGh/f]jf / l;:g] h:tf lxdfnx¿ x]g{ kfOg] pSt
7fpdF f kU' g xfdL ;s]gf}F .
xfdLn] klg lxhf] /flt Ps hgf bp] 8f ufosn] ufPsf] / /f/faf6 56' \l6P/ hfbF f xfdLnfO{
3t nfus] f] of] b]p8f uLt ug' ug' fofF} M
ef]n p7L afOhfGof xf}F a;O] x} /f/f tfn
cfSsf] ;fn km]l/ cfpnF f gla;{Gof dfofhfn .
o;/L /f/fnfO{ xg] ]{ / c3fpg] wf]sf] cw/' } 5f8L csfk]{ N6 c3fpGhn] x]g{ cfpg] jfrfsf ;fy
xfdL ;feF m ;ft ah]lt/ k'gM l/;f6] d{ } kmSof}F{ . xfdL xtfl/Psf lyofF} lsgls xfdLnfO{ efl] n
a]n'sL ;'vt]{ kU' g' lyof] / kl;{;Dd cfˆg} hGdynf] kU' g} kg{] lyof] .
gk] fnL, sIff !! 157
zAbe08f/
!= lbOPsf kbfjnL / cys{ f] hf8] f ldnfpgx' f];\ M
ljljwtfo'St je} j ;wF} xl/of] x'g] ?vla?jf
;~hLjgL a6' L cnf}lss cg'el" t
cjnf]sg ed| 0f leGgtfn] el/Psf] ;DklQ
lbJo cg'e"lt hLjg arfpg] cfi} fwL
z'Sn kIf lznfdf n]lvPsf] n]v
;bfjxf/ jg:klt ljleGg bZ[ osf] cjnf]sgsf nflu ul/g] e|d0f
si[ 0fkIf kl5sf] kGw| lbg
@= lbOPsf zAbx¿ ko| fu] u/L Pp6f cg'R5b] tof/ kfgx'{ f;] \ M
cgk' d, pb\ud, ;fIfL, u'Nhf/, hDsfe6] , lgs'~h, ;f}Gbo{, uGtJo, ;bfjxf/, jg:klt
#= lbOPsf k|fljlws tyf kfl/eflifs zAbsf] cy{ vfh] /] nV] gx' f];\ M
-s_ b[Zofjnfs] g, cge' l" t, lk/tL, sljtf -dfgljsL_
-v_ sRrL, lhk, /fhdfu{, a;kfs{ -oftfoft If]q_
-u_ pkTosf, r66\ fg, kjt{ , If]qkmn, lxdfn -eu" fn] _
-3_ v; /fHo, a:tL, zf;s, sfofn{ o -kz| f;g_
-ª_ xf]6n, vfgkfg, l/;f]6,{ ed| 0f -ko6{ g_
-r_ lgs~' h, ;/+ If0f, ;bfjxf/, jg:klt -jglj1fg_
$= lbOPsf zAbx¿ sg' sg' ljifoIfq] ;uF ;DalGwt 5g\ klxrfg u/L cy{ nV] gx' f];\ M
-s_ cWofo, JolStjQ[ , dN" ofª\sg, lgMzN' s, b"/;~rf/
-v_ cAan, ktL{, ;s' D' af;L, e"Ifo, Pn] fgL, v08j[li6, 5kfg
-u_ cge' "lt, Psflwsf/, k'/ftìj, pkef]Stf, cfzs' lj, lznfnv] , zLto4'
-3_ clu|d, clwst[ , tby,{ km:of6]{ , a]?h,' lgnDag, /fh:j
158 g]kfnL, sIff !!
-ª_ tfl/v, clwjStf, bj] fgL, kmfh} bf/L, ljw]os, d'rN' sf, ;fje{ f}d;Qf, hdfgt,
lauf]
-r_ alx/ª, s'kf]if0f, lgbfg, rjm| 6f], hLjf0f', nj0f, lznfGof;
-5_ pmhf,{ If]Kof:q, tfkj|md, hLjsfz] , :gfo', tf/fk'~h, kI| f]k0f, ljls/0f
%= lbOPsf ljifoIf]qsf cfwf/df ;dx" agfO{ x/]s If]qsf bz bzcf6] f zAbx¿ vf]Hgx' f];\
/ sIffdf k|:tt' ug{x' f;] \ M
-s_ lzIff
-v_ s[lif tyf jg Ifq]
-u_ dfgljsL / ;fdflhszf:q
-3_ Jofkf/, jfl0fHo
-ª_ sfg'g tyf /fhgLltzf:q
-r_ lrlsT;f
-5_ lj1fg tyf k|ljlw
-h_ ;~rf/ Ifq]
-em_ hgkz| f;g
-~f_ OlGhlgol/ª
afw] / cleJolSt
!= kf7sf cfwf/df pQ/ eGgx' f;] \ M
-s_ b}lgsLnfO{ s:tf] 9frF fdf k|:tt' ul/Psf] 5 <
-v_ bl} gsLdf ko| f]u ePsf] ;ae} Gbf 7n' f] / ;fgf] cgR' 5b] ;/+ rgf s'g sg' x'g\ <
-u_ b}lgsLsf] ;'?bl] v cGTo;Ddsf ;/+ rgfnfO{ hf8] g\ ] cfwf/ s] xf] <
-3_ bl} gsLsf] bf;] f| ] lbgsf 36gfx¿sf] ;r" L agfpgx' f];\ .
gk] fnL, sIff !! 159
@= ælaxfg} ldld{/]====hflu/xbF f]/x]5Æ b}lgsL c+zsf cfwf/df lbOPsf k|Zgx¿sf] pQ/
lbg'xf];\ M
-s_ /f/f tfnsf a]tfn nx/x¿ s:tf lyP <
-v_ /f/fn] zf;snfO{ klg s;/L slj agfpg ;Sbf] /x]5 <
-u_ /f/fsf] ;'Gb/tfnfO{ lsg hfb' elgPsf] xf] <
-3_ o; cgR' 5b] df /f/fsf] k|fsl[ ts ;fG} bo{sf] j0f{g s;/L ul/Psf] 5 <
#= lbOPsf] bl} gsL cz+ sf cfwf/df ;f]lwPsf kZ| gx¿sf] pQ/ n]Vgx' f];\ M
xfdL Pl] txfl;s l;hF f pkTosfnfO{ 5f]8\b} dflnsf af]tfb]lv ;'? xg' ] r6\6fg lr/]/
ags] f] /fhdfu{nfO{ k5o\ fpFb} uof}F / rfyF} f eGg] 7fpFdf k'Uof}F . xf6] n / vfgkfgsf]
Joj:yf ePsf] o; 7fpFaf6 psflnbF} 3'RrLsf] ns] df k'Ubf /f/f /fli6«o lgs~' hsf]
rs] kf]:6;Fu xfd|f] hDsfe6] eof] . /f/f cfOk'Uof] ls Sof xf] < eg]/ ;f]wk] l5 yfxf
eof,] cem} s]xL cf]/fnf] / hª\unkl5 dfq kf] /f/f tfn k'lug] /x]5 . ToxfaF f6 cl3
a9]/ lkgfufpF xbF' } xfdL /f/f tfn glhss} f] ;Nn]/Lsf] hªu\ ndf kU' ofF} . uf8L ToxLF
/fs] ]/ emf]nf afs] L sl/a Ps 306f lx8\of}F . /ft k/s] fn] xf]nf, af6fsf] hªu\ nsf
kmf6\6km6' \6 ?vsf 76' fx¿ dfG5] wD' wD' tL a;] emF} b]lvP . d PSn} cfPsf] eP
t t;fp{ yF ] xfn] fg\ . s]xL l5gkl5 xfdL /f/f k'Uof}F . xfdLn] /f/fs} 5]pdf cjl:yt
l/;f6] d{ f yfss] f emf]nfx¿ la;fof}F .
-s_ l;hF f pkTosfsf] lrgf/L lbgx' f;] \ .
-v_ n]vsn] l;Fhfb]lv /f/f;Ddsf] ofqf s;/L k/" f u/] <
$= pQ/ lbg'xf];\ M
-s_ kf7sf cfwf/df /f/fsf] kl/ro lbgx' f];\ .
-v_ bl} gsL n]vsn] klxnf] lbgsf] ofqf s;/L k/" f u/] <
-u_ /f/f ku' /] nv] s lsg v';L eP <
-3_ o; b}lgsLdf nv] ssf] s:tf] k|sf/sf] cge' "lt k:| tt' ePsf] 5 <
%= o; bl} gsLdf k|sl[ tnfO{ s;/L dfgjLs/0f ul/Psf] 5, j0fg{ ug'{xf;] \ .
160 g]kfnL, sIff !!
^= b}lgsL k9L d'Vo d'Vo 36gf l6kf6] ug{x' f];\ .
&= tkfOF{ ;xefuL ePsf] sg' } sfo{j|mdsf] j0f{g ub}{ Ps lbgsf] bl} gsL tof/ kfg'{xf];\ .
*= @)&^ h]7 @% ut]sf] bl} gsLsf] ;f/nfO{ Ps cg'R5b] df kg' n]{vg ug{'xf;] \ .
(= tkfOnF{ ] e|d0f uge{' Psf] s'g} :ynsf] Ps lbgsf] b}lgsL n]Vgx' f;] \ .
!)= lbOPsf] cg'R5b] k9L ;f]lwPsf k|Zgx¿sf] pQ/ nV] gx' f];\ M
ldlynf nfs] snf cToGt k|frLg / nf]slko| snf xf] . o; snfdf ldlynf nf]sdfg;
cg]s dfWodx¿af6 cleJoSt xF'b} cfPsf] 5 . o;sf] ;?' cft, ;+jw{g / ;+/If0fdf
dlxnfx¿sf] ofu] bfg pNn]vgLo 5 . ;fdfGotM ljleGg dfª\ulns cj;/ kf//] 3/sf]
leQfdf, rf]s cfFugdf, efF8fx¿df tyf n'ufsk8fdf ;d]t o:tf snfs[ltsf] lgdf0{ f
ug{] ul/G5 . d}lyn nfs] snfnfO{ leQl] rq, el" dlrq, k6lrq, sfi7lrq, jf:tl' rq,
ef08lrq / JolStlrq u//] cWoog ul/Psf] kfOG5 . dl} yn snfsl[ tdf ;ª\s6af6
;'/Iff / eljiosf nflu sNof0fsf] sfdgf tyf :jf:Yo / ;dl[ 4sf] z'esfdgf
cleJoSt ePsf] x'G5 . dl} yn nf]ssnfdf cNkgf lgs} kl| ;4 5 . of] d}lynL
dlxnfx¿åf/f ljleGg dfª\ulns cj;/df cfcfˆgf 3/cfuF g, 9fs] frf]s cflbdf
lrlqt ljleGg cfsf/k|sf/sf] /v] flrq xf] . cNkgfnfO{ 3/df cfpFbf / lg:sbF fsf]
ze' ;fOtsf] Bft] s dflgPsf] 5 . of] kfgLldl>t rfdnsf] lk7f]af6 if6\sf]0f, ci6sf0] f
/ :jl:ts h:tf ljleGg cfsf/df klg agfOG5 .
k|Zgx¿
-s_ ldlynf nf]ssnfdf dlxnfsf] s:tf] e"ldsf 5 <
-v_ cNkgf lsg lgdf0{ f ul/G5 <
-u_ ldlynf nfs] snfnfO{ s] s;/L juLs{ /0f ul/Psf] 5 <
-3_ dfªu\ lns / Bft] s zAbsf] cy{ nV] gx' f];\ .
!!= lbOPsf] cgR' 5]bnfO{ rf/cf]6f aFb' fdf nV] gx' f;] \ / pSt abF' fx¿ ;d6] ]/ Ps tt[ Lof+zdf
;f/fz+ nV] gx' f];\ M
tLy:{ ynsf b[li6n] ;d]t /];'ªu\ fsf] dxgLo jl} zi6o\ 5 . k|frLg ou' df Cioz[ª\u
Clifsf] tkfe] l" d ePsfn] pg} Clifsf] gfd cke+|z eP/ /;] ª' u\ f ePsf] xf] eGg]
ls+jbGtL kfOG5 . tL Cioz[ªu\ Clifn] g} bz/ysf ;Gtfg gePkl5 cofW] ofdf
g]kfnL, sIff !! 161
uP/ kq' l] i7 o1 u/fPsf] / /fdnId0f h:tf ;Gtfgx¿ hGds] f] ;Gbe;{ dt] ljleGg
uG| yx¿df kfOG5 . To:tf dxìjk"0f{ JolStn] tk:of u/]sf] o; kljq el" ddf
l;4afaf, lji0f,' lzj / u0fz] sf dlGb/x¿;d]t 5g\ . elgG5, Ciozª[ u\ dl' gsf] bzg{
ug{ cof]Wofaf6 cfPsf /fd nId0fn] ltg} Clif;uF ToxfsF f ;d:ofsf af/d] f k|Zg
u/]sf / tL Clifn] kfgLsf] ;d:of atfPkl5 hldgdf af0f xfg/] kfgL lgsfn]sf]
s'jfsf] gfd /fdsj' fsf gfdn] clxn] klg ToxfF bV] g ;lsG5 . @)$! ;fndf ofu] L
g/xl/gfyn] Ps dlxgf sf]l6xf]d u/]kZrft\ ns' s] f] /;] ª' u\ fsf] dxìj /fli6«o ¿kdf
phfu/ xF'b} o;sf] ko{6sLo / wfld{s dxìj k}mlnbF } uPsf] /x5] . /;] 'ª\uf ;/+ If0f
;ldltsf] /]vbv] df :yfgLo hftsf ufO{x¿ kflnPsf] uf}zfnf klg oxfF /xs] f] 5 .
;g' fO / af]nfO
!= ;'gfO kf7 !! df lbOPsf s'g s'g 7fpFsf af/]df atfOPsf] 5, eGg'xf];\ M
rGbgL, cGt'8f8F f], /fhk'/, eb|k/' , /fhfk'/, ltNs]gLsf] psfnf,] kfyLe/f, 3g3:ofsf]
psfnf,] u9LdfO{, c3f]/L uf8
@= pQ/ lbg'xf];\ M
-s_ 3g3:ofsf] psfnf] sxfbF l] v ;'? ePsf] 5 <
-v_ k[YjLsf] k6] df efl;g] gbL s'g xf] <
-u_ 3g3:ofsf] psfnf] s;/L a;s] f] 5 <
#= tfgf zdfn{ ] 3g3:ofsf] psfnfn] fO{ s;/L lrq0f u/]sf 5g\, cfˆg} zAbdf
atfpgx' f;] \ .
$= …k|sl[ t;Fu hW' g' g} /dfOnf] xf],Ú o; egfOnfO{ k'li6 ugx'{ f];\ .
efifftìj
låTj
!= lbOPsf] cg'R5b] af6 låTj zAb 5fg]/ nV] g'xf];\ M
hª\un kf/ ug{] lalQs} af6fdf ;;fgf a:tLx¿ b]lvP . xfdL xfdf| ] uf8L;f8L af6fd}
5f8] ]/ cfnL cfnL bu¥' of}F . a:tLsf ;fgf ;fgf 3/df 7n' f 7'nf dg ePsf dfG5]x¿
/x]5g\ . pgLnfO{ xfdLn] cfcfˆgf s'/fx¿ ;g' fofF} . a:tLsf dfG5];uF wg;g geP
klg km/flsnf] dg /x]5 . xfdLnfO{ pgLx¿n] 3/leq nu] / vfgf;fgf vj' fP .
162 g]kfnL, sIff !!
@= lbOPsf zAbx¿af6 lå?St zAb agfpgx' f;] \ M
3/, ahf/, ;fyL, dfG5,] af6f,] kfgL, km" n, lxdfn, lrq, lstfa, uf8L, ;fdfg, uxgf,
emu8f, ;fk6L, emNsf], 7n' f], ysf]{, ;/, a/, Ps, rf/, kr}F f], afgL, k};f, lrof, t/sf/L,
kmfg] , afn] L, 6a] n, snh] , nu' f, xhf/
#= lbOPsf lå?St zAbx¿nfO{ p:t} p:t} ;d"xdf ;r" La4 u/L lgdf{0f k|lj|mof;dt]
b]vfpgx' f];\ M
xft xft, uux{ gf, vf]nf vf]nf, ;;N{ nfx, 5f/] L 5f/] L, uf]bufb, uf8L uf8L, cfgLafgL,
;;fgf,] ememNsf], bw' ;'w, rf]/rf/
$= …/f/f e|d0fÚ af6 låTj k|lj|mofaf6 ags] f bzcf]6f zAbx¿ l6Kg'xf];\ / låTj ljR5b]
ug'x{ f];\ .
;lGw
!= lbOPsf cgR' 5]baf6 ;lGwo'St zAb klxrfg u/L ;lGw ljR5b] ugx{' f;] \ M
-s_ g/]zn] cTofrf/ ;xg ;s]g . pm ;o" f]b{ o x'gc' ufj} af}4 uD' afdf k'Uof] / b}lgs
e6] x'g] u'?nfO{ e6] o\ f] . p;n] u?' nfO{ ?Fb} ;fx'sf] cTofrf/sf] s/' f ;g' fof] .
p;sf] ?jfOn] u'?sf] dg 5fo] f] . u?' n] ;fx'nfO{ ;DemfPkl5 ;fx'n] g/z] sf]
b'O{ dlxgfsf] sdfO lbof] .
-v_ p;n] ;Dk"0f{ sfos{ f] rfy} fO sfd klg ;s]sf] 5}g . p;n] slxNo} lgisfd
sd{ u/]g . ;wF} b/' fzo /fVof] / rflxg] lstfal;tfasf] vf]hL klg slxNo}
u/g] . cfB} f]lus If]qdf hfg], 5/l5ds] sf dfG5];uF e]6\g,] k;ndf uP/ s]xL
;/;fdfg lsgd]n ug{] t s/' } 5f8] fF} pm t la/fdL k//] wo} { u'dfPsL 7'lNbbLsf
3/df klg hfFbf/] x]g5 . dfgjf]lrt Jojxf/ gu/L s;/L ;Eo aGg ;lsG5 / <
@= lbOPsf zAbx¿sf] ;lGw ljR5]b ug{x' f;] \ M
k:' tsfno, rGbf| ]bo, ;"lSt, gf/LZj/, cf1fg;' f/, bj] lif,{ g/]Gb|, wL/]Gb,| pNnv] , ;j+ fb,
pba\ f]w, ;ª\sL0f{, ;Gbz] , lbuDa/, hubLz, pNnf;, ;b\efjgf, ;GGof;, ozf]w/f,
kg' s{yg, dgf]/~hg, xltof/, 9sgL, kGofnf], kd|] lif{
#= clGtd lbgsf] bl} gsLsf] rf}yf] cg'R5]b k9L ;lGwo'St rf/cf]6f zAb vf]hL ;lGwljR5]b
ug'x{ f;] \ .
gk] fnL, sIff !! 163
l;hg{ f÷kl/ofh] gf
!= ;d"xdf ljeflht eO{ ofqf, vfgkfg, :jf:Yo, ljBfno, rf8kj{ ljifosf b}lgsL
nv] gsf ab'F fx¿ tof/ kf/L bl} gsL nV] gx' f];\ / sIffdf k|:t't ug{xf];\ .
@= tkfO{nF ] b]Vge' Psf] s'g} hfqf jf pT;jsf af/]df pNnv] ub{} Ps lbgsf] b}lgsL tof/
ugx'{ f];\ .
#= lbOPsf ljifoIfq] sf cfwf/dWo] tkfO{F a;fa] f; ug{] jf cf;kf;sf] s'g} Ps :yfgnfO{
ko{6sLo :yn agfpg s] s] ug{k' 5{ < :yfgLo txsf hfgsf/ JolStx¿;Fu 5nkmn
tyf cGt/ljm| of u/L sfo{ ljj/0f Pjd\ To;sf] of]hgf k:| t't ug{x' f;] \ M
-s_ :yfgLo d7, dlGb/, u'Daf, luhf3{ /, dl:hb, u'?åf/f, r}To, b]jL:yfg jf cGo
wfld{s :yn
-v_ :yfgLo k|fs[lts dxìjsf] :yfg
-u_ :yfgLo ;f+:s[lts dxìjsf] :yfg
-3_ Pl] txfl;s dxìjsf] :yfg
-ª_ :yfgLo xf6, dn] f, hfqf, pT;j
;g' fO kf7 !!
hLjgsf] /dfOnf]
d vKt8df j;Gt la;fpg rfxG5,' t'lDnªdf lxpF lrDnL v]Ng rfxG5' / /fhfk/' sf]
sf;F ] 3f/Ldf ‰ofp/] ufpg rfxG5' . dnfO{ ltNs]gLsf] psfnf,] 3g3:ofsf] psfnf] /
rGbgLsf] psfnfl] ;t hlt k|]d 5 plt g} k|]d c3f]/L uf8, k'jf vf]nf / 6'sr' fl;t
5 . ;tafFemsf] n]s xf];\ jf 6o\ fDs] 8f8F f] xf];\, cGt' 8f8F f] xf;] \ jf rGb|flu/L xf];\
hxfF klg p:t} kf/fsf] cfˆgfk] gn] d]/f] d6' ' 9'S9'SofpF5 .
hLjgdf slt psfnfx¿ sfl6of] xfn] f / slt cf/] fnfx¿ eml/of] xf]nf t/ yf]/}
JolStn] dfq 3g3:ofsf] psfnf] r9s] f xf]nfg\ . of] o:tf] psfnf] xf] s7f/] tfdf
clåtLo 5 . c3f]/L uf8bl] v psflng yfns] f] of] 8fF8f] ;xf/f d?e"ldsf] ltvf{nfO{
la;fp{ 5F eg] tkfO{lF t/ x/] ]/ lv:; xfF:5 . ;;+ f/n] cgs] fF} sfFrn' L km]l/;Sof], b]zsf
c¿ efun] xhf/fF} gofF bZ[ ox¿ bl] v;s] t/ psfnf] cgGtbl] v p:tfsf] p:t} 5 .
164 gk] fnL, sIff !!
ou' x¿ lat] / ;don] 6fk nufof] t/ 3g3:ofsf] psfnf] plQs} 3f];] d'G6f] nufPsf]
nufPs} 5 . 6fpsfdf lrKnf] g lrKnf] a/kmsf] sz] km'nfP/ cfˆgf] c//f] j[4 z/L/df
sfnf ?vx¿sf] lhª\luª| u\ |] e'Tnf 78o\ fO{ of] 3g3:of uhw'Dd k/]/ a;]sf] 5 . of]
dfG5x] ¿l;t l/;fPsf] 5, cU3f/] } l/;fPsf] 5, c3f/] L uf8 hlQs} l/;fPsf] 5 clg
kfv] /fnL ;]tL hlQs} l/;fPsf] 5 . ;]tL gbL k[YjLsf] k6] df efl;bF } hfcf;] \, of] rflxF
7l8Psf] 7l8P} 5 . o;n] slxNo} t 6fpsf] em'sfpnf ls eg/] lg/LIf0f ul/x]/]F,
t/ To:tf] nIf0f cem} e]l6Pg . pN6f] of] emg\ emg\ b[9 xbF' } uO/xs] f] kf] dn} ] kfPF .
k|sl[ tl;t hW' g' g} hLjgsf] /dfOnf] xf] .
;fef/ M …3g3:ofsf] psfnf] sf6t\ fÚ lgaGwaf6 -tfgf zdf{_
g]kfnL, sIff !! 165
kf7
!@ hn;f| ]t / pmhf{
ljBfnosf] ;efsIfdf hn;f| ]t
/ pmhf{ ljifos jStT[ jsnf
k|ltofl] utf ;?' xg' nfu]sf] 5 .
pSt kl| tof]lutfdf ljBfnosf
ljBfyLx{ ¿n] efu lnPsf 5g\ .
sfo{jm| dsf] cWoIftf ljBfnosf
kw| fgfWofksn] ug'e{ Psf]
5 . d~rsf] Psfk6l\ 6 tLg
hgf lzIfsx¿ lg0ffo{ ssf]
e"ldsfdf a:ge' Psf] 5 .
csfk{ 6\l6 k|ltofu] L ljBfyL{x¿ a:ge' Psf] 5 . Ps hgf lzIfs ;dokfnssf] el" dsfdf
xg' x' 'G5 . sfoj{ |md sIff !! df cWoog/t Ps hgf ljBfyLn{ ] ;~rfng ug'e{ Psf] 5 .
sfoj{ |md ;~rfnsn] kl| tofl] utfsf lgodx¿ k|:6 kfb{} klxnf] kl| tofu] L ldgf co/nfO{
d~rdf lgDTofpg'xG' 5 M
ldgf co/
cfb/0fLo ;efWoIf, lg0ffo{ s d08n, d~rfl;g ljlzi6 JolStTjx¿, >4]o u'?ju{, kl| tof]uL
;fyLx¿ / cGo pkl:yt ;Dk0" f{ ljBfyL{ ;fyLx¿ Û
hn:f|f]t / pmhf{ ljifos o; jStT[ jsnf k|ltofl] utfdf d ldgf co/ cfˆgf egfO /fVb} 5' .
cfb/0fLo dxfg'efjx¿ Û
xfdL ;a}nfO{ yfxf 5, g]kfn k|fsl[ ts ;Dkbfsf bl[ i6n] ;;+ f/s} wgL bz] xf] . hn;|f]tsf
b[li6n] of] bz] Pl;ofsf] ;a}eGbf ;DkGg bz] dflgG5 . l;ªu\ f] ljZjdf xfd|f] b]z hn;|f]tdf
af| lhnkl5sf] bf;] f| ] wgL /fi6« xf] . lxdfn, ;d'b|, gbLgfnf, em/gf, 5x/f, tfntn}of, cfkmF}
kfgL lg:sg] d"nx¿, Ogf/, 6o\ 'aj]n tyf jiff{bn\ fO{ hn;f| ]t dflgG5 . o:tf ;f| ]tx¿dWo]
;d'b|afx]s ;a} ;|ft] x¿ xfd|f] bz] df pknAw 5g\ . To;}n] xfd|f] b]zsf] b|'tt/ ljsf; ug{]
xf] eg] hn;|ft] sf] ;d'lrt bf]xg ug{ ;Sgk' 5{ .
166 g]kfnL, sIff !!
g]kfndf hn:f|f]tsf] cTolws pkof]u hnljB'tLs/0faf6 ug{ ;lsg] s/' f ljleGg ;jI]{ f0fx¿n]
bv] fPsf] xfdL ;a}nfO{ yfxf 5 . afx}| dlxgf kl//xg] lxpF, lgTolg/Gt/ alu/xg] cyfx
hn/flz / le/fnf] efu} f]lns agf]6sf] ;xldngaf6 *# xhf/ d]ufjf6eGbf a9L pmhf{
pTkfbg ug]{ ;fdYo{ g]kfnL hn;f| ]tdf ;/' lIft 5 . lj= ;= !(^* df kmlk{ªdf rGbH| ofl] t
gfds %)) lsnfj] f6sf] hnljB't\ cfof]hgfaf6 ;?' ePsf] ljBt' Ls/0fsf] cleofg xfn
sl/a !%)) d]ufjf6 pTkfbg x'g] jm| ddf 5 . sfnL u08sL P hnljBt' \ cfof]hgf h:tf]
!$$ du] fjf6 Ifdtfsf] ljzfn cfof]hgf ;~rfngdf 5 . o:tf cfofh] gfx¿dfkmt{ xfd|f]
hn;|ft] sf] ;Dk"0f{ Ifdtfsf] krf; k|ltzt dfq} ljBt' \ pTkfbg ug{ ;Sg] xf] eg] o; bz] sf]
cflys{ pGglt x'g a/] nfUbg} . ev{/;} Dd nf8] ;l] 8ª / ljleGg lsl;dsf] pmhf{ ;ª\s6
a]xfl] //xs] f] xfd|f] bz] nfO{ To;af6 d'St ug{ ;Sg] ;fdYo{ s]jn hn;|ft] ;Da4 ljBt' Ls/0fn]
dfq ug{ ;S5 . To;}n] xfdf| ] b]zsf] pHofnf] eljio bV] g rfxg] hg' ;s' } lgsfon] hnljBt' \
cfof]hgfsf] lgdf{0f, ;~rfng / lj:tf/df Wofg lbg' h?/L 5 . o;sf nflu cfjZos
gLlt lgodx¿ tof/ kfg{' jf cfjZos k/] km]/abn ug{' h?/L 5 . hnljBt' \df nufgL ug]{
jftfj/0f agfpg'k5{ . hnljBt' \;Fu ;Da4 pBfu] , snsf/vfgfx¿ vf]Ng] jftfj/0f agfpg'
h?/L 5 . 3/fo;L ¿kd} klg hnljB't\sf] vkt a9fpg xf:} ofpg] gLlt clVtof/ ugk{' 5{ .
cem a9L xfdf| ] b]zdf pTkflbt hnljBt' \ ljbz] ;Dd k¥' ofP/ a]Rg] jftfj/0f tof/ ugk'{ 5{ .
hn;|f]tsf] k/Dk/fut pkof]u l;FrfO;uF ;Da4 5 . gk] fnL hn;|f]t g]kfnL el" d;Fu dfq
xf]Og, l5ds] L dn' s' sf] e"ldsf] pj{/f;Fu klg ufFl;Psf] 5 . g]kfnL eu" f]nleq 5 xhf/
hlt gbLgfnfx¿ 5g\ / tLdWo] 5 ;oeGbf a9L gbLx¿ afx|} dlxgf lg/Gt/ alu/xG5g\ .
o:tf gbLgfnfx¿af6 sn' f,] kg} L jf gx/ lgdf0{ f u/]/ v]tLof]Uo hldgdf l;FrfO ;'ljwf
k'¥ofOPsf] 5 / ltg} hldgdf pAhs] f] cGg vfP/ xfdL aflF r/xs] f 5f}F . o;/L e"ldsf] pj/{ f
a9fpFb} /fi6«sf] sl[ ifhGo pTkfbg a9fpg klg xfdf| ] hn;f| ]tsf] pkofu] eO/x]sf] 5 . o:tf]
pkofu] nfO{ cem cfw'lgs / k|ljlwdq} L agfpbF } s[lif cfTdlge/ agfpg] cleofgdf xfdL
;kmn xg' ] xf] eg] xfd|f] ljsf;sf] kmfF6 cem a9L km/flsnf] x'gd] f zªs\ f 5}g .
>4o] >ft] fu0f Û
gk] fnL hn;f| ]tsf] pkof]u ko{6g / dgf]/~hgsf If]qdf klg ug{ ;lsG5 . xfdL;Fu ;;+ f/s}
;aeGbf cUnf] 7fpFdf /xs] f] ltlnrf] tfn / ;G' b/ k|fsl[ ts jftfj/0f ePsf lxdtfn
tyf cGo tfntno} fx¿ 5g\ . To:tf tfntn}ofx¿nfO{ ko{6sLo uGtJosf ¿kdf ljsf;
u/L a;l]{ g nfvfF} ko6{ s leµofpg ;lsG5 . kmj] ftfn, j]ugf; tfn, a'nan' nufotsf
tfntno} fx¿sf] kr| f/k|;f/ / ltgsf] ;f}Gbon{ fO{ vnn gk'¥ofpg] u/L lj:tf/ ul/Psf
gk] fnL, sIff !! 167
gfs} f ljxf/ cflbsf] ;'ljwfn] gk] fnsf] ko6{ gnfO{ bl/nf] agfp5F . tLj| ultdf aUg] gk] fnL
gbLdf ¥oflˆ6ªsf] lj:tf/n] ;fxl;s ko{6gdf ljb]zLx¿nfO{ lgDtf] lbO/xs] f] 5 . o;sf
;fy} ljleGg 7fpFdf l:jldª kn' , kfgL;Da4 v]nx¿ v]Ng] 7fpF ljsf; ug]{ xf] eg] cfGtl/s
tyf afxo\ ko6{ gsf] lj:tf/;uF } / g]kfnL cyt{ Gq rnfodfg x'G5 / bz] f]Ggltsf l;F9Lx¿
ylkG5g\ .
-hgfp 3G6L aH5 ._
cGTodf g]kfnsf] hn;f| ]t b]zsf] ;dl[ 4sf] cfwf/ xf] . o;sf] ;bk' ofu] ug{ ;s] xfd|f]
cy{tGq alnof] aG5 . cfh xfd|f] bz] n] pmhf{ ;ªs\ 6 ax] f]l//xs] f] 5 . o:tf] pmhf{ ;ª\s6n]
xfdf| b}lgs ultljlwx¿ k|efljt xG' 5g\ . k6] f« l] nod pmhf{ vl/bsf nflu bl} gs s/f8] f}F
?lkofF vr{ xG' 5 . ljZjahf/df lbgk|ltlbg al9/xs] f] k]6«f]lnod kbfys{ f] efpsf sf/0f
xfdf| ] bz] sf] cyt{ Gqn] yfDg} g;Sg] cj:yf cfpg ;S5 .
-3G6L aH5 ._
o:tf] dxf;ªs\ 6af6 xfdLnfO{ ;t] f] ;'gsf ¿kdf kl/eflift xfd}| hn;|f]tsf] ;xL ;bk' ofu]
dfq d'lSt lbg ;S5 . o;sf cltl/St, l;FrfO, ;/;kmfO / :jR5 lkpg] kfgLsf] cfwf/
klg hn;|f]t g} xf] . To;n} ] gk] fnsf] ljsf;df hn;f| ]tsf] ;jf]{kl/ dxìj 5 eGb} d/] f egfO
oxL cGTo ub{5', wGojfb Û
sfoj{ m| d ;~rfnsn] csf{ k|ltofu] L /fhg ;fsLn{ fO{ cfˆgf] jStt[ fsf nflu d~rdf
lgDTofpg'x'G5 .
/fhg ;fsL{
cfb/0fLo ;efWoIf dxfb] o, u?' tyf u?' cfdfx¿, lgikIf lg0ffo{ s d08n, kl| t:kwL{
ldqx¿, pkl:yt ;Dk0" f{ d/] f ;fyLx¿ Û
cfh cfof]lht o; jStT[ jsnf kl| tofl] utfdf ;xefuL xg' kfPsfdf uf}/jsf] cge' l" t ub}{
cfofh] sx¿k|lt xflb{s cfef/ k|s6 ub5{ ' . cfhsf] jSt[Tjsnfsf] ljifo /xs] f] 5 …hn;|f]t
/ pmhf{Ú .
pkl:yt dxfg'efjx¿ Û
xfdf| ] bz] ;'Gb/ kY[ jLsf] cnf}lss cfgGbdf ckf/ ks| [ltsf] 56f;Fu} xfFl;/x]sf] ljZjsf]
;jfR{] r lzv/ ;u/dfyfsf] sfvdf d':s/' fpbF } lj/fhdfg 5 . ckf/ hn;|f]tn] ;DkGg /fi6«
168 g]kfnL, sIff !!
gk] fndf ;Defjgfsf rn' Lx¿ lxdfn em}F c6n 5g,\ pRr 5g\ . ks| [ltsf] sfvdf sf];L,
/f];L, b'wsf;] L, tfdfsf];L, ;g' sf];Lsf ;kgfx¿df ljZjnfO{ emndNn kfg{ ;Sg] s~rg
hnkj| fx xfdf| ] OR5fzlStnfO{ s'/]/ al;/xs] f] 5 . u08sLsf] uxgtf, sgf{nLsf] sd{of]u,
d]rLsf] dxfgtf, sfnLsf] df}gtf, ltlnrf,] uf]Sof] / /f/fsf] pRrtf, kmj] fsf] km}nfj6,
j]ugf;sf] zfnLgtf, tdf/] sf] tdf;f xfdf| hn;f| ]tsf ch;| e08f/ x'g\ . logLx¿sf]
;xL ;b'kof]un] xfd|f] w/tL x/fe/f aG5 . kf]if0foS' t cGgfd[t k|fKt x'G5 . hn;|ft] af6
lahn' L lgsfn/] w/tL emndn kfg,{ pBfu] snsf/vfgf vfN] g ;lsG5 . ljBt' \ lgof{t
u/]/ cfocfh{g ug{ ;lsG5 . g]kfns} ew" /ftndf /x]sf hLjgbflogL gbLx¿af6 pTkflbt
hnljBt' Lo pmhfs{ f] pkefu] af6 k]6«f]lnod kbfys{ f] vkt Go"gLs/0f u/L b]zsf] Jofkf/3f6f
/f]Sg ;lsG5 . cfhsf] l8lh6n kl| jlwo'St ljZjdf bv] f k/]sf] pmhf{ ;ª\s6 x6fP/,
ljZjahf/df gjLs/0fLo hn pmhf{ laj|mL u//] kz| :t cfo cfh{g, /f]huf/L tyf ;DkGgtfsf
9fs] fx¿ vfN] g ;lsG5 .
hnsf ljleGg :j¿k xG' 5g\ . klUng,] clUng] / p8g\ ] ;Sg] Ifdtf kfgLdf xG' 5 . lxpF klUnP/
gbL aGbf gbLsf] kfgL afkm aG5 / lxdfnsf yfKnfdf lxpF hD5 . 7f;] , t/n, Uof;F dfq xfO] g
kfgLdf cfuf] cfs] Ng] pmHff{ xG' 5 . ljBt' \ kfgLaf6} lgsflnG5 . o:tf] dxìjk0" f{ rdTsf/L kfgL
;bk' ofu] u/] aGb5 ;v' L lhGbufgL, b?' kofu] eP bM' vd} laT5 lhGbufgL . 7f;] , t/n, Uof;F ,
/fk, tfk, th] ;uF s} f] pmhfn{ ] ljZjdf cljsf;sf ;f/f :j¿knfO{ rg' ft} L lbO/xs] f] 5 .
pkl:yt dxfg'efjx¿ Û
cfh xfdL cfkm;F} uF sf] lagf glrg/] eft}F fl/O/xs] f] s:t/' L emF} ePsf 5fF} . hn;f| t] df wgL /fi6« eP
klg lbuf] kj" fw{ f/ ljsf;sf ofh] gfsf cefjn] ubf{ xfdL ;f| t] / ;fwg eP klg cWF of/fdf a:g
afWo 5fF} . pj/{ fel" d eP/ klg l;rF fOsf cfwl' gs kl| jlw ckgfpg g;Sbf hUuf afeF m} 5g,\ hgtf
efs] efs] } 5g\ . oj' fzlSt labl] ;g afWo 5g\ . ljsf; lgdf0{ fn] ljZjnfO{ rlst kfg{] l5ds] LnfO{
6n' 6' n' ' x/] /] uf;F , af;s} ;d:ofdf lk/fl] ng afWo 5 xfdf| ] ;dfh . of] cj:yfnfO{ abn/] ljZj
kl| t:kwfd{ f xfl] dg ;Sg agfpg] Ifdtf hn;f| t] df dfq 5 . xfdL cdt[ ;dfg lxdfnsf] s~rg
kfgL aft] ndf ar] /] ljZjsf dflg;sf] ltvf{ d6] fpg ;S5fF} . sgfn{ Ldf hnljxf/, sf;] L /
tfdfsf;] Ldf l;rF fOsf plrt Joj:yfkg u//] wtL{ pj/{ f agfpg ;S5fF} .
cfh ;'gbl] v n;g' ;Dd, rfdnbl] v Kofh;Dd csf]{ bz] af6 lsg/] vfg] xfd|f] :jefjdf
kl/jt{g of] d'Vo cfwf/ aGg ;S5 . kl/>d / kl;gfnfO{ ljj]sdf kl/jt{g u/]/ ljsf;sf]
kxf/ aGg ;S5 .
gk] fnL, sIff !! 169
oxfsF f pj{/ e"lddf l;rF fOsf] Joj:yfkg u//] oxfF pTkflbt cufl{ gs kmnkm"n vfBfGg
ljZj ahf/df aR] g'k5{ . o'jfsf] kl;gf :jb]zd} kf]Vgk' 5{ . oxfsF f] df6f,] oxfsF f] kf6f], oxfsF f]
af6f] ;G' b/ 5, kljq 5, cgdfn] 5 . dfq o;nfO{ ;hfpg,] l;ufg{] ;bk' ofu] ug]{ l;k,
k|ljlw, snf / hfuF / xfdLnfO{ rflxPsf] 5 . of] :jR5 xfjfkfgLdf x's{s] f kmnkm"n, au/df
kmNg] t/a'hf], kxf8df sfutL, ;'Gtnf, :ofp, gf;kftLnufotsf kmnkmn" sf] cem a9L
pTkfbg hn;f| t] sf] ;xL ;bk' of]uaf6 ;Dej 5 .
-hgfp 3G6L aH5 ._
xfdLn] cfˆgf 3/sf xhf/f}F ;Defjgf nTofP/ d?e"lddf e8] f r/fpg bf}l8g'kg]{ afWotfaf6
d'lSt lbnfpg hn;f| t] sf] pkofl] utfnfO{ a9fpgk' 5{ . olb hn;f| ]tsf] ;bk' of]u ug{ ;s]
ljZjsf a/] fh] uf/x¿ oxfsF f kmfF6df e8] f, afv|f, rf}F/L r/fpg cfpg] 5g\ . hn ko{6g
ljxf/sf nflu ko{6s cfpg] 5g\ . To;n} ] p7f}F, hfuf}F / hn;f| ]tsf] ;xL ;b'kofu] df
nfufF} . w/tLdf pmhf{ ykfF} . cfpg'xf];\, xft]dfnf] u/f}F . x\oftª' df ko{6s k'¥ofcf}F . /f/fsf]
/ldtf ljZjnfO{ bv] fcfF} . sgfn{ Lsf] nDafO, u08sLsf] ulx/fO;uF } sf;] Lsf] ljzfntfdf
g]kfnL hgdgnfO{ km}nfcf}F, wGojfb Û
cGo jStfx¿n] klg cfˆgf] jStJo /fVgx' G' 5 . lg0ffo{ sx¿n] lg0fo{ ;g' fpgx' 'G5 /
;efWoIfsf] e"ldsfdf /xge' Psf kw| fgfWofksn] k'/:sf/ ljt/0f ul/;s]kl5 cfˆgf]
dGtJo;lxt sfoj{ |md 6ª' \Uofpgx' 'G5 .
zAbe08f/
!= lbOPsf zAb / cyl{ ar hf]8f ldnfpgx' f;] \ M
cyfx M cltl/St
gf}sf M Hofb} w/] }
cnfjf M 8ª' u\ f
clVtof/ M sg' } ljifosf] tYok0" f{ hfgsf/Lsf nflu ul/g] lg/LIf0f
lgTo M lgod sfg'gåf/f lbOPsf] clwsf/
;j{I] f0f M ;wF}
lgsfo M b?' kof]u
sg' } ;+:yf jf ;bg
170 gk] fnL, sIff !!
@= ldgf co/sf] jStt[ f k9L lbOPsf] vfnL 7fpdF f ldNg] zAb egx{' f;] \ M
-s_ gk] fn kf| sl[ ts =====================bl[ i6n] ;+;f/s} Pp6f wgL b]z xf] .
-v_ 3/fo;L ¿kd} klg hnljBt' \sf] vkt a9fpg=======================gLlt============
ug{' h?/L 5 .
-u_ ========================cflbsf] ;'ljwfn] g]kfnsf] ko{6gnfO{ bl/nf] agfPsf] 5 .
-3_ gk] fnsf] cyt{ Gq==============x'G5 / b]zf]Ggltsf l;9F Lx¿ ylkG5g\ .
-ª_ g]kfnsf] ljsf;df ==========;jf]k{ l/ dxìj 5 .
#= lbOPsf zAbx¿sf] pN6f] cy{ lbg] zAb kf7af6 vf]h/] nV] g'xf];\ M
s[lqd, ljkGg, k|frLg, ;fF3/' f], cfGtl/s, ;ª\s'rg, s'¿k, ;bk' ofu] , Joo, c66' , ljif
$= lbOPsf zAbx¿sf] cy{ v'Ng] u/L jfSodf k|ofu] ug'{xf;] \ M
d~rf;Lg, b|'tt/, ;fdYo{, vkt, k}gL, pj{/f, cleofg, ;ª\s6, uugr'DaL,
cGgfdt[ , lgoft{
%= tn lbOPsf kbfjnLx¿ ko| fu] u/L cgR' 5]b n]Vgx' f;] \ M
;]tf] ;g' , s[lifhGo pTkfbg, ko{6sLo uGtJo, bz] f]Ggltsf l;F9Lx¿, ks| l[ tsf] 56f,
km]jfsf] kmn} fj6, ;DkGgtfsf 9f]sfx¿, /f/fsf] /ldtf, u08sLsf] ulx/fO, rdTsf/L
kfgL
afw] / cleJolSt
!= …hn;f| ]t / pmhf{Ú kf7 k9L lbOPsf kZ| gsf] pQ/ lbgx' f];\ M
-s_ klxnf] jStf / bf];f| ] jStfn] slt slt cg'R5b] df cfˆgf] k|:tl't /fvs] f 5g\ <
-v_ jStt[ f ;~rfngsf] ljlwnfO{ kf7df s;/L k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 <
-u_ klxnf] jStfn] hn;|f]t;DaGwL s'g s'g ;Gbe{nfO{ ;d]6]sf] 5 <
-3_ bj' } jStfn] jStt[ fsf ;dfkg s;/L u/s] f 5g\ <
-ª_ gk] fndf pknAw hn;f| ]t s] s] x'g\ <
g]kfnL, sIff !! 171
@= æg]kfndf hn;|f]tsf=] ===jftfj/0f tof/ ug{k' 5Æ{ jSt[tfz+ k9L ;f]lwPsf kZ| gx¿sf]
pQ/ lbg'xf];\ M
-s_ gk] fnL hn/flzdf slt du] fjf6 ljBt' \ pTkfbg ug]{ Ifdtf 5 <
-v_ s] ug{ ;s] b]zsf] cfly{s ;d[l4 xg' ] ;Defjgf 5 <
-u_ ljBt' s\ f] vkt s;/L a9fpg ;lsG5 <
-3_ hn ljBt' Ls/0fsf nflu gk] fnsf] eu" fn] lsg pko'St dflgPsf] 5 <
#= lbOPsf] jSt[tf+z k9L ;f]lwPsf kZ| gx¿sf] pQ/ nV] gx' f;] \ M
cfh xfdL cfkm;F} Fusf] lagf glrg/] ef}tfl/O/x]sf] s:t'/L em}F ePsf 5f}F . hn;f| t] df
wgL /fi6« eP klg lbuf] kj" f{wf/ ljsf;sf of]hgfsf cefjn] ubf{ xfdL ;|f]t / ;fwg
eP klg cFWof/fdf a:g afWo 5fF} . pj{/fel" d eP/ klg l;FrfOsf cfwl' gs kl| jlw
ckgfpg g;Sbf hUuf afeF m} 5g,\ hgtf ef]sefs] } 5g\ . oj' fzlSt lab]l;g afWo
5g\ . ljsf; lgdf{0fn] ljZjnfO{ rlst kfg]{ l5ds] LnfO{ 6'n'6n' ' x]//] ufF;, af;s}
;d:ofdf lk/f]lng afWo 5 xfdf| ] ;dfh . of] cj:yfnfO{ abn/] ljZj kl| t:kwf{df
xf]ldg ;Sg agfpg] Ifdtf hn;|ft] df dfq 5 . xfdL cdt[ ;dfg lxdfnsf] s~rg
kfgL af]tndf ar] /] ljZjsf dflg;sf] ltvf{ d]6fpg ;S5fF} . sgfn{ Ldf hnljxf/,
sf];L / tfdfsf];Ldf l;rF fOsf plrt Joj:yfkg u/]/ wtL{ pj{/f agfpg ;S5fF} .
kZ| gx¿
-s_ hn;|f]t / phfs{ f If]qdf lbuf] ljsf; s;/L ug{ ;lsG5 <
-v_ /fi6«sf] cy{tGq lgdf{0fdf l;FrfOsf] s:tf] el" dsf x'G5 <
$= …hn;f| t] / pmhfÚ{ ljifos jSt[tfsf b'j} jStfx¿n] cfˆgf] jStt[ fnfO{ k|efjsf/L
agfpg s] s:tf ;xfos ts{ jf tYox¿ k]; u/s] f 5g\, b'js} f] jSt[tfaf6 sDtLdf
tLg tLgcf]6f a'bF fx¿ l6kf]6 ug'{xf;] \ .
%= dflysf] …hn;f| t] / pmhfÚ{ jSt[tf ljifo k9L To;df ck'u ljifox¿ s] s] x'g\, sIffdf
5nkmn u/L n]Vg'xf;] \ .
^= g]kfnsf] hn;|ft] n] b]zsf] ;d[l4sf] cfwf/ s;/L tof/ kf5{, nV] gx' f;] \ .
172 gk] fnL, sIff !!
&= lbOPsf ljifodf jSt[tf tof/ kfg{x' f];\ M
-s_ ;o" { M pmhfs{ f] cgGt e08f/
-v_ g]kfndf hl} js ljljwtf
-u_ ko{6g / /f]huf/
*= lbOPsf] kd| 'v ;dfrf/ Wofgkj" s{ k9\gx' f;] \ / pSt ;dfrf/nfO{ lj:tf/df n]Vgx' f];\ M
gd:sf/ Û
g]kfn ;dfrf/df :jfut 5
;?' df cfhsf k|d'v ;dfrf/ M
• ;Demf}tfcg';f/ sfd gug]{ lgdf{0f sDkgLsf] ;Demft} f /2 ug{ dftxtsf
lgsfonfO{ pmhf{ dGqLsf] lgb{z] g, ;dodf sfd ug'{k5{ eGg] dfGotf ljsf;
cfPsf] bfaL
• /fi6«k|ltåf/f e"sDkkl5 kg' lg{df{0f eO/x]sf ;Dkbfsf] cjnfs] g, j}zfv afxl| eq
w/x/f lgdf{0f ul/;Sg] nIo;lxt sfd cl3 a9]sf] k|flws/0fsf] bfaL
• cfOl;;L ljZjsk ljm| s6] lnu bO' c{ Gtut{ lqbz] Lo l;l/hdf gk] fnsf] Pl] txfl;s
lht, gk] fnsf] 3/n] ' db} fgdf cdl] /sf kl}F t; /gn] k/flht, sz' nsf] ljZj /s] 8{
(= pb3\ f]ifsn] sfo{j|mdsf] cf/Dedf af]n]sf ljifoj:t'x¿ k9\g'xf];\ / sfoj{ |mdsf]
¿k/]vf;lxt ;fx] L 9frF fdf cfˆgf] ljBfnosf] jflif{sf]T;jdf ul/g] pb3\ f]if0fsf] gdg' f
tof/ kfgx{' f];\ M
gd:sf/, gk] fn k|1f kl| ti7fgn] cfofh] gf u/]sf] k':ts k|bzg{ L @)&& sf]
;db' 3\ f6g sfoj{ m| ddf pkl:yt xg' 'ePsf tkfO{F ;Dk"0f{ dxfg'efjx¿df xflb{s
:jfut tyf clejfbg ub5{ ,' d bLkG] b| nfdf . casf] s]xL ;do of] cfk} rfl/s
;d'b3\ f6g ;df/fx] sf] pb3\ f]ifssf] e"ldsfdf /xg] 5' . cfzf 5, oxfxF ¿sf]
;xof]u / ;b\efj /xg] 5 . cfb/0fLo pkl:yt dxfg'efjx¿, oxfFx¿nfO{
ljlbt} 5, gk] fn k1| f kl| ti7fg efiff, ;flxTo / ;+:sl[ tnufotsf Ifq] df kf| l1s
ultljlw ;~rfng ug{ :yflkt ;+:yf xf] .
g]kfnL, sIff !! 173
:yfkgfsfnb]lv g} efiff, ;flxTo / ;:+ sl[ t, ;fdflhszf:q / bzg{ zf:q;Da4
sfo{ ub}{ cfO/x]sf] 5 . ljleGg ;dodf o:tf k':ts k|bzg{ L dn] f;dt]
cfof]hgf ub{} cfO/x]sf] 5 . cfh o; k:' ts kb| zg{ L dn] fsf] cfk} rfl/s
;db' \3f6g ;df/fx] df oxfxF ¿ pkl:yt x'g'ePsf] 5 . d sfoj{ m| d slt klg
l9nf gu/L cfk} rfl/s ¿kdf ;'?cft ug{] cg'dlt rfxG5' . ;a}eGbf klxn]
sfo{jm| dsf] cWoIftf ul/lbg'x'g k|lti7fgsf s'nkltHon" fO{ d~rdf cfdGq0f
ub5{ ' . o;}u/L k|lti7fgn] cfof]hgf u/]sf] k|bzg{ Ldf dfggLo lzIff lj1fg tyf
kl| jlw dGqLHon" fO{ k|d'v cltlysf] cf;g u|x0f ul/lbgx' 'g ljgd| cg/' fw] ub5{ ' .
!)= lbOPsf] uBf+z k9L ;fl] wPsf k|Zgx¿sf] pQ/ lbg'xf];\ M
gk] fndf hglgjf{lrt ;+ljwfg ;efåf/f lgld{t gofF ;l+ jwfg @)&@ ;fndf hf/L eof] .
g]kfnsf] Oltxf;df ;a}eGbf k|ultzLn o; ;+ljwfgsf] k|fjwfgadf]lhd ;ª\3Lo ;+;b,\
k|b]z ;ef / :yfgLo txsf] lgjf{rg :jtGq, lgikIf / wfwF nL/lxt ¿kdf ;DkGg
eof] . o; nf]stflGqs ljlwaf6 bz] df ;ª\3Lo nf]stflGqs u0ftGq yk ;b[ 9[
ag]sf] 5 . ;l+ jwfgn] gful/s tyf /fhgLlts clwsf/ Pjd\ ;fdflhs ;f:+ sl[ ts
clwsf/nfO{ lgM;t[ ug{] dfgj clwsf/sf dn" e"t dfGtotfx¿nfO{ cª\uLsf/ u/]sf]
5 . dfgj clwsf/sf] cjwf/0ffsf kf| jwfgx¿nfO{ d'n'sdf sfofG{ jog ug]{ kljq
p2]Zon] ;+ljwfgsf] k:| tfjgfdf / df}lns xscGtu{t ljleGg dxìjk"0f{ Joj:yf
ul/Psf] xf] . b]zsf] dn" sfgg' sf ¿kdf /x]sf] ;l+ jwfgsf Joj:yfx¿nfO{ k|ltsn"
c;/ kg{] u/L sfgg' agfpg ldNb}g . cyft{ \ ;l+ jwfg;Fu aflemg] u/L ag]sf sfgg'
:jtM ab/ x'G5 . olb sg' } Pg] / ;f] Pg] sf k|fjwfgx¿ ;l+ jwfg;Fu aflemPdf
aflemPsf] xb;Dd sfg'gsf] Tof] Joj:yf ab/ ug{ cbfntdf d2' f k/d] f cbfntn]
To;nfO{ ab/ ub{5 .
gofF ;l+ jwfgsf] ljleGg wf/fsf kf| jwfg, dd{ / efjgfcg'¿k xg' ] u/L ;ofsF} f] ;ªV\ ofdf
;;+ b\n] gofF sfg'gx¿ thd{' f u/]sf] 5 . ;l+ jwfg cgs' n" xg' ] u/L ;+;bn] Pg] sf
bkmfx¿ ;+zfw] g u/s] f] 5 . To;f] t sfg'g lgdfq{ L nfs] tflGqs ;+:yf ;+;b\ ga;s] f]
a]nfdf gk] fn ;/sf/n] cWofbz] dfkm{t klg b]jfgL / kmf}hbf/L h:tf ;a} lsl;dsf
sfgg' x¿ agfpg / k/' fgf sfg'g ;+zfw] g ug{ kfpg] Jo:yf 5 t/ To;nfO{ ;;+ bs\ f]
cfufdL a}7s;dIf k;] u/]/ cg'df]bg u/fpg'kb{5 .
b]zdf a;fa] f; ug{] sg' } klg gful/s jf sg' } klg JolSt sfg'geGbf dfly xg' ;Sbg} .
;a}n] sfgg' sf] kl/kfngf ug'k{ b5{ . sfgg' sf] zf;g nf]stGqsf] dd{ ePsfn] sfgg'
174 g]kfnL, sIff !!
pNnª3\ g ug]p{ k/ cbfntn] ;hfosf] eflubf/ agfp5F . ;j+ }wflgs k|fjwfg /
sfgg' L Joj:yfsf] kfngfaf6 g} ;dfh ;Eo, cg'zfl;t / dof{lbt x'g] ePsfn]
;an} ] o; kIfdf Wofg k'¥ofpg'kb5{ . o;af6 g} Ps cfbz{ / ;d4[ ;dfh lgdf0{ fdf
of]ubfg kU' b5 .
kZ| gx¿
-s_ ;+ljwfgnfO{ lsg bz] sf] dn" sfgg' elgPsf] xf] <
-v_ ;a}n] sfg'gsf] kl/kfngf gu/] s] x'G5 <
-u_ cWofbz] af6 lgld{t sfgg' ;;+ b\ a}7saf6 lsg cgd' f]bg u/fpgk' 5{ <
-3_ …;ª3\ Lo ;;+ bÚ\ / …cWofb]zÚ sf] cy{ nV] g'xf;] \ .
!!= lbOPsf] cgR' 5]b k9L abF' f l6kf]6 ugx{' f;] \ M
g]kfnnfO{ ;u/dfyfsf] bz] sf ;fy} gbLgfnfsf] b]z klg elgG5 . g]kfndf 7n' f demfn} f
/ ;fgf u/L 5 xhf/eGbf a9L vfn] fgfnfx¿ aUb5g\ . oLdWo] sltko ;|ft] x¿
lxdfnosf lxdhnaf6 kfl/kf]lift ePsf 5g\ . gk] fnaf6 aUg] gbLgfnfx¿af6 !&)
c/a So'las ld6/ kfgL axg] ub5{ g\ . of] hnk|jfx uªu\ f gbLdf ldnL aª\ufnsf]
vf8Ldf kU' b5 . o; kfgLaf6 xfdLn] vf; pkof]lutf lng g;ss] f dfq xf]Ogf}F clkt'
cfˆgf] bz] sf] d"Nojfg\ df6fnfO{ ;dt] o;n] bz] aflx/ k'¥ofPsf] s/' f ;jl{ jlbt} 5 .
o;/L ;DefJo cflys{ d]?b08sf ¿kdf /xs] f] hn;DkbfnfO{ pkofu] df NofO{ b]zdf
ljBdfg vfBfGg, pmhf{ / cGo ;d:ofx¿sf] lg/fs/0f ug{' cfhsf] r'gft} L /x]sf]
5 . bz] sf] cfly{s ljsf;sf nflu ljBt' \ zlSt dxìjk"0f{ / ;jfk]{ l/ b]g x'g ;S5 .
gk] fndf pknAw hn;Dkbfaf6 kr| '/ dfqfdf hnljBt' \ zlStsf] ljsf; ug]{ uG' hfo;
ePsf] / sfO] nf, UofF;, vlgh, tn] cflb cGo zlStsf] ;f| t] klg kQf nflu;ss] f]
xb'F f oL ;a} pmhf{ zlStsf] ljsf; ugt]{ km{ hf]8 lbP/ cl3 a9\g' cfhsf] ;dosf]
dfu xf] .
;'gfO / af]nfO
!= ;g' fO kf7 !@ sf cfwf/df ;xL pQ/df /h] f nufpg'xf];\ M
-s_ dflg;n] rfxd] f kf| s[lts ks| fk] nfO{ s] ug{ ;S5 <
-c_ jzdf /fVg -cf_ Gog" Ls/0f ug{
-O_ aj] f:tf ug{ -O{_ n]vfhf]vf ug{
gk] fnL, sIff !! 175
-v_ t6aGw eg]sf] s] xf] <
-c_ vfn] f 5S] g] sfd -cf_ vfn] f lsgf/df jI[ f/f]k0f ug]{ sfd
-O_ vf]nf lsgf/df kvf{n nufpg] sfd -O_{ vfn] fnfO{ csfl]{ t/ kmsf{pg] sfd
-u_ vfn] f lsgf/af6 dflg;x¿n] s] lgsfNg' xF'b}g <
-c_ af]6la?jf -cf_ kg} L cyjf gx/
-O_ kfgLsf] lgsf; -O{_ afn'jf tyf lu66\ L
-3_ cTolws jiff{ egs] f] s] xf] <
-c_ cltj[li6 -cf_ cgfj[li6
-O_ v08jl[ i6 -O_{ cNkj[li6
-ª_ klx/f] hfg] Ifq] df jiff{sf] ;dodf s] ugx'{ bF' g} <
-c_ j[If/fk] 0f -cf_ afeF mf] 5f8] \g'
-O_ v]tLkftL ug{' -O_{ t6aGw ug'{
@= ;g' fO kf7 !@ sf cfwf/df pQ/ lbg'xf];\ M
-s_ k|fs[lts k|sfk] dWo] ;ae} Gbf a9L hgdfg;nfO{ b'Mv lbg] s] xf] <
-v_ af9Lklx/f] /fS] g] s'g} tLg pkfo atfpgx' f];\ .
-u_ jiff{sf] ;dodf af9Lklx/f] hfg] 7fpdF f lsg v]tL ug{x' 'Fbg} <
-3_ jftfj/0fLo ;Gt'ngsf] cefjdf s] xG' 5 <
-ª_ a;fO ;/' lIft ePg eg] s] x'G5 <
# lbOPsf] kf7 k9g\ x' f;] \ / of] jStt[ fsf] cz+ xf] ls xfO] g < cfˆgf] ts{ k:| tt' ugx{' f;] \ M
xf], dflg;eGbf k|sl[ t alnof] x'G5 . o; ljifodf bO' { dt xg' ;Sbg} . dflg; t
k|sl[ tsf] Pp6f cz+ dfq xf] . c+z k"0f{eGbf alnof] ePsf] g st} kfOG5, g kfOg]
5 . d]/f k"j{jStf ;fyLn] ks| l[ teGbf dflg; alnof] x'G5 eg/] dfgjn] u/]sf s]xL
j1} flgs pGgltsf pbfx/0fx¿ lbg vf]Hg'eof] . of] b]v]/ dnfO{ xfF;f] p7\of] . pxfnF ]
of] s'/f la;g{ e' of] ls tL ;a} j}1flgs pGglt ks| [ltd} lge/{ 5g\ eg/] .
176 g]kfnL, sIff !!
;efWoIf dxf]bo Û
ks| [lt dflg;sf] pGglt Pjd\ j1} flgs pknlAweGbf sofF} u0' ff a9L zlStzfnL 5 .
lbg / /ft xg' ' Pp6f ks| l[ tsf] lgod xf] . dfG5n] ] rfx/] klg k'/} lbgnfO{ /ft /
/ftnfO{ lbg agfpg ;Sbg} . df};d, Ct' kl/jt{g ;a} k|s[ltsf lgod x'g\ . dflg;
hGdg,' x's{g,' dg'{ k|sl[ t xf] . kY[ jL, ;Dk0" f{ u|x, a|fXdf08 agfj6 / ToxfF xg' ] ofjt\
lj|mofsnfk ;Dk0" f{ k|fs[lts lgod xg' \ . oL kf| sl[ ts lgod;uF dflg;sf] zlSt tn' gf
ug{ ;lsG5 / <
$= jfbljjfb / jSt[tfdf s] km/s 5, sIffdf 5nkmn u/L lgisif{ k|:tt' ugx'{ f];\ .
efifftìj
p2]Zo / ljwo]
!= lbOPsf jfSoaf6 p2]Zo / ljwo] efu 5'6\ofpgx' f];\ M
-s_ oj' fzlSt ljb]l;g afWo 5g\ .
-v_ hnsf ljleGg :j¿k xG' 5g\ .
-u_ hn;f| ]tsf] ;b'kof]u ug{ ;s] ljZjsf a/] f]huf/x¿ oxfFsf kmf6F df e]8f, afv|f,
rf/}F L r/fpg cfpg] 5g\ .
-3_ cGo jStfn] klg cfˆgf] jStJo /fVgx' G' 5 .
-ª_ ;dfWoIfsf] el" dsfdf /xg'ePsf] kw| fgfWofksn] k/' :sf/ ljt/0f ul/;sk] l5
cfˆgf] dGtJo;lxt sfoj{ m| d 6'ªU\ ofpg'x'G5 .
@= lbOPsf jfSoaf6 p2]Zo / p2Z] o lj:tf/, ljwo] / ljwo] lj:tf/ v08 56' o\ fP/
bv] fpgx' f;] \ M
-s_ p;sL alxgL lgjfr{ g ;ldltdf al:bgg\ /] .
-v_ w/] } a/] kl5 dgnfO{ b/f] kf/L pm cfF uglt/ uO{ .
-u_ cfh laxfg lx8s] f] dfG5] l56} g} bfr'n{ f ku' 5] .
-3_ ufpFdf ltdf| ] klx/g uhasf] b]lvG5 .
gk] fnL, sIff !! 177
Jofs/l0fs sfl] 6
!= lbOPsf] cg'R5]bsf jfSox¿sf] lnªu\ kl/jt{g ug'x{ f];\ M
d/] f] efO ljBfno uof] . d]/L alxgL klg ljBfno uO{ . efO ;/f;/ sIffdf k:of] .
alxgL rflxF af6fdf ;fyL;uF s/' f ug{ yfnL . efGhfn] af6fd} alxgLnfO{ e]6] . cfdfn]
klg alxgLnfO{ af6fd} e6] g\ 'eof] .
@= lbOPsf jfSonfO{ sfi] 7sdf atfPcg';f/ kl/jt{g ug'{xf;] \ M
-s_ h]7f] 5f/] f] cfpFb} 5 . -:qLlnªu\ _
-v_ p;sL alxgL 3/df a;]sL 5] . -k'lnª\u_
-u_ ltd|f 5f/] fx¿ c;n 5g\ . -:qLlnªu\ _
-3_ ;fgL gfgL kfgL el5{g\ . -k'lnªu\ _
#= lbOPsf] cg'R5b] sf jfSox¿sf] jrg kl/jtg{ ug'{xf;] \ M
d}n] ufpFdf d]/f] k'/fgf] ;fyLnfO{ e]6]F . xfdLn] w]/}a/] s'/f u¥ofF} . ;fyLn] cfˆgf]
k|ultsf] syf ;g' fof] . ltdL klg Psl5gdf cfOkU' of} . p;n] ltdLnfO{ lrgg] .
ltdLx¿n] Pscsf{nfO{ la;{5] f} .
$= lbOPsf jfSox¿nfO{ sfi] 7sdf atfPcg;' f/ kl/jtg{ ug'{xf];\ M
-s_ ;fgf] 5f]/f] /fo] f] . -axj' rg_
-v_ ltd|f alxgLx¿ v]N5g\ . -Psjrg_
-u_ Tof] km" n cfO] lnof] . -ax'jrg_
-3_ c;n dfG5x] ¿ gd| xG' 5g\ . -Psjrg_
%= lbOPsf jfSox¿nfO{ sfi] 7sdf atfPcg;' f/ kl/jt{g ug{x' f;] \ M
-s_ xfdLn] ;k{ / laR5L bv] s] f 5fF} . -t[tLo k?' if_
-v_ xh'/ lsg xf:g'eof] < -k|yd k'?if_
-u_ pxfF /fd|/L af]Ngx' 'G5 . -k|yd k'?if_
-3_ xfdL Hofb} b'MvL 5fF}+ . -låtLo / t[tLo k'?if_
-ª_ ltdLx¿ xf]xNnf ub}{ 5f} . -tt[ Lo / k|yd k'?if_
178 gk] fnL, sIff !!
^= sf]i7sdf atfPcg;' f/ lbOPsf jfSox¿ kl/jt{g ugx{' f;] \ M
-s_ tF eft vfG5;\ . -pRr cfb/fyL_{
-v_ xh'/ slxn] kmls{g'x'G5 < -;fdfGo cfb/fyL_{
-u_ ltdL ;a}nfO{ lrG5f} . -pRr cfb/fyL_{
-3_ pm ky| d x'G5 . -dWod cfb/fyL{_
-ª_ wgLnfn ufpFdf a:5 . -pRr cfb/fyL_{
&= lbOPsf] cgR' 5b] sf jfSox¿nfO{ s/0f eP cs/0fdf / cs/0f eP s/0fdf abNgx' f;] \ M
pgLx¿ k|bz{gLdf uP . xfdL rflxF uPgf}F . ltdLx¿ klg uPg5f} lg . pgLx¿n] w/] }
:ynx¿sf] e|d0f u/]5g\ . xfdL t Tolts} al;/x\ofF} . gofF gofF s'/fx¿ klg b]vg] f}F .
*= sf]i7sdf atfPcg;' f/ lbOPsf jfSox¿ kl/jtg{ ugx'{ f];\ M
-s_ pgLx¿ w]/} /fdf| 5g\ . -cs/0f_
-v_ ltdL slxNo} g/fdf| ] afN] bg} f} . -s/0f_
-u_ cfh w/] } hf8f] xf]nf h:tf] 5 . -cs/0f_
-3_ kfgL k/g] / hf8f] ePg . -s/0f_
-ª_ p;n] lrg]sf] dfG5] af6fdf e]6o\ f] . -cs/0f_
(= sfi] 7ssf ;xfotfn] tnsf jfSox¿ -sfn, kIf, efj, jfRo / k/|] 0ffy_{ kl/jtg{
ug'{xf;] \ M
-s_ d 3/d} a:5' . -;fdfGo e"t_
-v_ xfdL lr7L nV] 5fF} . -ck0" f{ e"t_
-u_ tF ToxL a:5;\ . -k"0f{ e"t_
-3_ ltdLx¿ u[xsfo{ u5f{} . -cEo:t et" _
-ª_ tkfOF{ kfv] /f hfgx' G' 5 . -c1ft e"t_
-r_ pgLx¿ ahf/ uP5g\ . -;fdfGo jt{dfg_
gk] fnL, sIff !! 179
-5_ ltdL ;w}F 8'NYofF} . -ck0" f{ jtd{ fg_\
-h_ g/]zn] ?v 9fNof] . -k0" f{ jtd{ fg_
-em_ pxfFx¿ oxfF cfpge' of] . -;fdfGo eljiot_\
-`_ pgL u66\ f vl] Nyg\ . -ck"0f{ eljiot\_
-6_ ;fgL kf7 k9\lyg\ . -k"0f{ eljiot_\
-7_ pgLx¿ vn] vN] 5g\ . -;Defjgfy{_
-8_ ltdLx¿ ahf/ uof} . -cf1fy{_
-9_ tkfOF{ ld7fO{ vfgx' f]nf . -cg'/f]wfy_{
-0f_ tF km' 6an v]N5;\ . -OR5fy_{
-t_ efOx¿ ldlxg]t u5g{ \ . -kZ| gfy{_
-y_ dn} ] ko6{ sx¿ b]v]F . -sd{jfRo_
-b_ pgLx¿ otl} t/ cfpmg\ . -efjjfRo_
-w_ pgLx¿n] 3/ agfPsf 5g\ . -sdj{ fRo_
-g_ ltdL syfx¿ k9fn} f . -k/]| 0ffy_{
-k_ pm 3/d} a;f;] \ . -k|/] 0ffy{_
-km_ u?' n] ltdLnfO{ s] s] k9fpge' Psf] 5 < -ck/]| 0ffy_{
plSt
!= lbOPsf sygx¿ k|ToIf jf ckT| oIf s] x'g 56' o\ fpg'xf;] \ M
-s_ xfdLn] eGof,} æpgLx¿ rfF8} cfpF5g\ .Æ
-v_ dnfO{ bO' { lbg a:g /fhgn] cfu|x u¥of] .
-u_ ltdLn] dnfO{ eGof}, æxfdL klg hfcfnF} f .Æ
-3_ Tof] dflg; To; sfdsf nflu of]Uo 5 eGg] ;a}n] atfP .
180 gk] fnL, sIff !!
-ª_ d}n] p;nfO{ wGojfb lbPF .
-r_ dn} ] eg]F, æp;n] k/LIffdf /fdf| ] u/f];\ .Æ
@= lbOPsf jfSox¿nfO{ ck|ToIf sygdf abNgx' f;] \ M
-s_ k"0f{dfgn] eGof], æ;dfhsf] cj:yf bogLo 5 .Æ
-v_ ;Gtf]ifn] uDeL/ xFb' } eGof], ægk] fndf ljsf;sf] gofF kl/efiff rflxPsf] 5 .Æ
-u_ ;~hLjn] lrGtf dfGb} afN] of], ækl/efiff abNb}df ;dfhsf] ;d:of ;dfwfg
xF'bf/] xg] 5 .Æ
-3_ ljdnfn] pT;fxsf ;fy egL, æca d klg ;dfh kl/jtg{ sf nflu vl6G5' .Æ
#= lbOPsf] cg'R5b] nfO{ kT| oIf sygdf abNgx' f];\ M
s] ub}{ 5\of} egL cfdfn] 5f]/LnfO{ ;fW] g'eof] . 5f]/Ln] jSt[tfsf nflu ;fdu|L ;ªs\ ng
ul//xs] f] atfOg\ . cfdfn] jStt[ fsf] ljifodf rf;f] /fV5' eGg'eof] . 5f/] Ln] cfdf;Fu
g]kfnsf] l;FrfO l:yltsf af/]df k|Zg ul/g\ .
l;h{gf÷kl/of]hgf
!= lbOPsf ab'F fx¿sf cfwf/df …hnjfo' kl/jtg{ sf rg' ft} LÚ zLif{sdf jStt[ f tof/
kfg{'xf;] \ M
-s_ ;"os{ f] ult;uF } Ct' / xfjfkfgLdf kl/jtg{ cfpg'
-v_ bt|' ¿kdf eO/xsf] cfw'lgsLs/0f, cfB} f]lusLs/0fn] hnjfod' f c:jfefljs
kl/jt{g÷sfa{g8fOcS;fO8 Uof;F lgiklQ x'g] kbfy{ sd xg' '
-u_ kY[ jLsf] ;txsf] cf};t tfkj|md )=*% l8uL| n] a9g\ '
-3_ hnjfo' kl/jtg{ sf] dV' o sf/0f xl/tu[x UofF;sf] clws pT;h{g
-ª_ Gofgfk] gfdf j[l4 tyf lr;fk] g 36g\ ] jm| d
-r_ ;doeGbf cufl8 g} kfgL kfg'{, v08j[li6, cltj[li6, cgfj[li6 / ;doeGbf
cufl8 kmn" km'Ng', kxf8L ee" fudf klg nfdv'66\ ] bl] vg'
gk] fnL, sIff !! 181
-5_ xfjfkfgL kl/jt{gaf6 kY[ jLsf hLjx¿df kg{ ;Sg] gsf/fTds ke| fj sd ug'{
cfhsf] cfjZostf
-h_ hnjfo' kl/jtg{ ;Fu h'Wg ;Sg] Ifdtfsf] klg ljsf; ub{} nfg'
@= lbOPsf s'g} Ps zLif{sdf jSt[Tjsnf k|ltof]lutf cfofh] gf ug'x{ f];\ . pSt
k|ltof]lutfsf] tof/Lsf jm| ddf o;} PsfOsf] ;g' fO / afn] fOsf ultljlwx¿df u/]
h:t} pb\3f]ifs, ;efWoIf, lg0ff{osx¿, dn" jStf, ;do kfns, >f]tfx¿sf] plrt
Joj:yf ug{x' f];\ M
jSt[Tjsnf kl| tofl] utfsf zLif{sx¿
-s_ ;kmntfsf /x:ox¿
-v_ d/] f] bz] M d/] f] uf/} j
-u_ casf] o'u lj1fg kl| jlwsf] o'u
#= cfˆgf] 6fn] df ;DkGg d}qLk"0f{ km' 6an kl| tof]lutf;DaGwL Pp6f kl| tj]bg tof/
kfg{x' f;] \ .
$= kqklqsfdf 5flkPsf ;dfrf/x¿sf] gd'gf x/] L tkfOsF{ f] ;dfhdf ePu/s] f ljsf;
lgdf{0fsf sfo{ ;d]l6g] u/L Pp6f 5f6] f] ;dfrf/ tof/ kfg{'xf];\ .
%= …dflg;eGbf ks| [lt alnof] x'G5Ú eGg] zLif{sdf ;dx" af6 b'O{ b'O{ hgf jStfx¿ 5fgL
sIffdf jfbljjfb ;~rfng ugx'{ f;] \ .
;'gfO kf7 !@
k|fsl[ ts k|sfk]
k|fsl[ ts k|sfk] eGgfn] af9L, klx/f], jiff{, v8/] L, lxdkft, x'/Latf; h:tf s/' fx¿
kb{5g\ . kf| sl[ ts k|sfk] dflg;x¿sf] a;df xb' }g t/ dflg;n] rfx]df o;sf] Go"gLs/0f
ug{ ;Sb5, wghgsf] Ifltaf6 hfl] ug ;Sb5 . kf| sl[ ts ks| fk] sf] Vofn gug]{ xf] eg]
o;n] wghgsf] ljgfz u/L dfgj hLjgnfO{ tx;gx; agfpFb5 .
182 gk] fnL, sIff !!
g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df kf| s[lts k|sfk] df ;a}eGbf a9L hgdfg;nfO{ bM' v lbg] af9Lklx/f]
Ps xf] . jiff{ nfuk] l5 af9Lklx/f]sf sf/0f w]/} wghgsf] Iflt ePsf ;dfrf/ xfdL
;'Gb5f}F . o:tf] af9Lklx/fn] fO{ Go"gLs/0f ug{ af9L cfpg] 7fpdF f j[Iff/f]k0f ug{'kb{5 .
vfn] fsf lsgf/fdf t6aGw afWF g'kb{5 . jg hªu\ nsf] ;+/If0f ug{'kb{5 . vfn] f lsgf/faf6
cTolws afn'jf, lu6L lgsfNg'xbF' g} . klx/f] hfg] 7fpdF f kfgLsf] lgsf; 5f]8\gx' bF' }g .
klx/f] hfg] If]qdf jiffs{ f] ;dodf vt] LkftL klg ug'x{ 'Fbg} . vt] LkftLn] ubf{ df6f] sdnf]
eO{ klx/f] hfg] emg\ a9L ;Defjgf /xG5 .
cTolws hg;ª\Vof jl[ 4, jftfj/0fLo ;Gt'ngsf] cefjdf cTolws jiff{ tyf v8]/L kg{
;S5 . o; ljifodf xfdL dfgjn] ;hu / ;r]t eP/ ;fR] g h?/L 5 . To:t}
jftfj/0fLo ;Gtn' gsf] cefjdf lxdkft x'g] / x'/Latf; cfpg] u5{ . o:tf k|fs[lts
k|sfk] af6 aRg, cfpg] ;Defljt vt/faf6 aRg ;/' lIft a;fOsf] Joj:yf ug{' h?/L
5 . olb a;fO ;'/lIft ePg eg] dfgjsf] hLjg / wgsf] Iflt x'g ;S5 .
gk] fnL, sIff !! 183
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class-11, Nepali book
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