SOCIAL STUDIES AND POPULATION

dlxnf /fh] uf/Ldf jl[ 4

dlxnfnfO{ 3/leqsf] sfddf dfq ;Lldt gu/L /fh] uf/sf] cGo Ifq] df ;dt] ;n+ Ug u/fpgk' 5{ .
/fh] uf/df ;+nUg x'b“ f :jfefljs ¿kdf sd ;Gtfg hGdfp“5g\ . o;af6 klg hg;ª\Vof
Joj:yfkgdf ;xof]u kU' 5 .

a;fO;“ /fOnfO{ Jojl:yt ug]{

xfdf| ] bz] df lxdfnL tyf kxf8L Ifq] af6 t/fO{ If]qdf tLj| ultdf a;fO ;/fO“ eO/x]sfdf
xfn of] jm| d sx] L sd ePsf] 5 . o;} u/L ufpa“ f6 ;x/df a;fO“ ;g{] jm| d klg al9/xs] f]
5 . ljsf;sf] kj" fw{ f/ sd ePsf] 7fp“df ljsf; sfo{j|mdx¿ ;~rfng u//] cJojl:yt
a;fO“;/fOnfO{ Jojl:yt ug{ ;lsG5 .

:tgkfgdf hf8]

cfdfn] gjhft lzzn' fO{ w/] } ;do;Dd :tgkfg u/fpgfn] ue{ g/xg] ;Defjgf a9L xG' 5 .
To;n} ] nfdf] ;do;Dd aRrfnfO{ :tgkfg u/fpb“ f klg sd hGdb/ eO{ hg;ªV\ of Joj:yfkgdf
;xofu] kU' 5 .

lj|mofsnfk

!= hg;ª\Vof Joj:yfkgsf pkfox¿ ;DaGwdf cfk\mgf] ljrf/ n]vL sIffdf k:| t't
u/ / ;d"xdf 5nkmn u/L clGtd ¿k b]pm .

@= hg;ªV\ of Joj:yfkgdf lzlIft dlxnfsf] el" dsf zLif{sdf jStT[ jsnf k|ltof]lutf
;~rfng u/ .

cEof;

!= tnsf kZ| gx¿sf] pQ/ bp] m M

-s_ hg;ªV\ of Joj:yfkgsf pkfox¿ a“b' fut ¿kdf nv] .
-v_ kl/jf/ lgofh] gsf ;fwgn] s;/L hg;ª\Vof Joj:yfkgdf ;xof]u k¥' ofp“5 <
-u_ hg;ª\Vof Joj:yfkgdf Jojl:yt a;fO;“ /fOn] s;/L ;xof]u k'¥ofp5“ <

;fd'bflos sfo{

glhssf cfÇgf] gft]bf/ tyf l5d]sL dlxnfx¿dWo] sDtLdf b; hgfsf] slt slt jif{df
lax] ePsf] /x5] / ltgLx¿n] s] slt ;Gtfg hGdfPsf /x5] g\, kQf nufO{ n]v / sIffdf

k:| t't u/ .

;fdflhs cWoog / hg;ªV\ of lzIff, sIff ^ 143

k f7 M % hg;ª\Vof Joj:yfkgdf :yfgLo
;ª3\ ;:+ yfsf] el" dsf


hg;ªV\ of Joj:yfkgdf ljleGg ;ª3\ ;:+ yfx¿n] dxŒjk0" f{ el" dsf vn] s] f xG' 5g\ . :jf:Yo rfs} Ln]
dlxnf :jod\ ;l] jsfdfkmt{ ufps“ f kT| os] 3/ bn} fd] f dftl[ zz' tyf kh| gg :jfYo;DaGwL ;Nnfx
/ ;e' mfjx¿ k¥' ofp5“ . o;n] kl/jf/ lgofh] g;DaGwL ;j] fx¿, ljleGg vfk] , kfi] f0f, vfgk] fgL,
emf8fkvfnf nfUbf hLjg hn agfpg] / vj' fpg] tl/sf cflb ;Nnfx lbg ;S5 .

hg;ªV\ of Joj:yfkg ugd{ f :yfgLo ;/sf/L tyf u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿sf] 7'nf] e"ldsf
/xG5 . :yfgLo :jf:Yo rfs} L, pk:jf:Yo rfs} Ln] hg;ªV\ of Joj:yfkg ug{ ;rt] gfdn" s
dft[lzz' :jf:Yo / kl/jf/ lgof]hg;DaGwL sfo{ u/]sf 5g\ . To:t} ljBfnox¿n]
hg;ª\Vof lzIff;DaGwL ljifoj:t' lzIf0f ub{} cfO/xs] f 5g\ .

lzIf0f ;e' mfj

hg;ª\Vof lzIff tyf kl/jf/ of]hgf;DaGwL ljleGg kf]:6/, krf{, kl' :tsf / /]l8of,] 6]lnlegaf6 k;| f/0f xg' ]
lj1fkgx¿ pbfx/0f lbP/ hg;ª\Vof Joj:yfkgdf ;xofu] ug{] ;ª3\ ;+:yfx¿sf] el" dsfaf/] sIffdf 5nkmn
u/fpgx' f];\ .

144 ;fdflhs cWoog / hg;ª\Vof lzIff, sIff ^

:yfgLo :t/df ;~rflnt c:ktfnx¿ / g]kfn kl/jf/ lgofh] g ;ª\3sf zfvfn] hg;ª\
Vof Joj:yfkgdf ;xofu] k'¥ofpb“ } cfPsf 5g\ . oL ;:+ yfx¿n] hg;ªV\ of lzIff / kl/jf/
lgofh] g;DaGwL ;j] fx¿ pknAw u/fp5“ g\ . hg;ªV\ of lgoGq0f tyf Joj:yfkg ug{ pTk]|/0ff
hufp“5g\ . hg;ª\Vof Joj:yfkg;DaGwL ljifox¿df ;r" gf lbg,] krf,{ kl' :tsf, /l] 8of]
sfoj{ m| d, lel8of] lkmNd, 6l] nlehgdf k;| f/0f ul/g] sfoj{ m| d cflbsf] dfWodaf6 hgtfnfO{
dft[lzz' :jf:Yo;DaGwL ;]jf kb| fg ul//xs] f 5g\ . ;fy} ;fdflhs sfo{stf{, dlxnf :jod\
;]ljsf / ufp“sf ;fdflhs sfo{stf{x¿sf nflu 5f6] f] cjlwsf] ufi] 7L tyf sfoj{ |mdx¿ klg
;~rfng u5g{ \ . ljz]if u/L lhNnf lhNnfdf aGWofs/0fsf] 3'DtL lzlj/ ;~rfng, ue{
lg/f]wsf c:yfoL ;fwg ljt/0f cflb sfo{ ub}{ cfO/xs] f 5g\ .

lj|mofsnfk

!= ltdf| ] a;fa] f; Ifq] df ePsf :jf:Yo rfs} Ldf hfpm . Toxf“ ePsf ljleGg sfoj{ m| ddWo]
hg;ªV\ of lzIff / hg:jf:Yo;DaGwL sfo{jm| dx¿ cjnfs] g u/L To; sfoj{ m| daf/]
5f]6f] ljj/0f tof/ u/]/ sIffdf k|:t't u/ .

@= cfkm\ gf] a;fa] f; Ifq] df /xs] f dflg;x¿n] ue{ lg/fw] ;DaGwL s] s] pkfox¿ ckgfPsf
5g\, ;fw] vfh] u/L nv] / sIffdf k:| t't u/ .

cEof;

!= vfnL 7fp“ e/ M

-s_ :jf:Yo rf}sLx¿df vf]kx¿ ============== u5{ .

-v_ emf8fkvnf nfUbf ================= vj' fpgk' 5{ .

-u_ kl/jf/ lgofh] g ;ª\3n=] =========sfd u5{ .

@= tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] 5f6] f] pQ/ bp] m M

-s_ :jf:Yo rfs} Ln] ug]{ sfo{x¿dWo] sg' } rf/cf]6fsf] gfd n]v .

-v_ gk] fn kl/jf/ lgofh] g ;ª3\ n] ug{] sfox{ ¿dWo] sg' } tLgcf6] f sfox{ ¿ n]v .

-u_ dlxnf :jod\ ;l] jsfx¿n] ug]{ sfo{x¿ 5f]6s/Ldf n]v .

;fdflhs cWoog / hg;ªV\ of lzIff, sIff ^ 145

;f/f+z
o; PsfOdf xfdLn] lgDglnlvt ljifoj:tc' g¿' ksf 1fg, l;k / Jojxf/ l;Sof}“ M
hg;ªV\ of j[l4sf] cy{
hg;ªV\ of j[l4n] kfg]{ c;/
hg;ª\Vof Joj:yfkgsf] kl/ro
hg;ª\Vof Joj:yfkgsf] dxŒj
hg;ªV\ of Joj:yfkgsf ;d:ofx¿
hg;ªV\ of Joj:yfkgsf pkfox¿
;d'bfodf uP/ hg;ªV\ of;DaGwL tYofªs\
hg;ª\Vof Joj:yfkgdf ;+nUg :yfgLo ;ª3\ ;+:yfx¿sf] ;"rL
hg;ª\Vof Joj:yfkgdf :yfgLo ;ª3\ ;:+ yfx¿sf] e"ldsf
hg;ª\Vof Joj:yfkgdf ;xofu]

146 ;fdflhs cWoog / hg;ªV\ of lzIff, sIff ^

;fdflhs cWoog / hg;ª\Vof lzIff, sIff ^ cg;' r" L – !

tn lbOPsf] gk] fnsf] gS;fdf && lhNnf eg{] cEof; u/ M

147

148 cg;' "rL – @

tnsf] Pl;ofsf gS;fdf b]zx¿ eg{] cEof; u/ M

;fdflhs cWoog / hg;ªV\ of lzIff, sIff ^