social studies vedanta 5 corrected final 2078

Revisiting the Unit

(1) Give any four examples of the following.
(a) Bad practices that people practise in your community
(b) Languages that people speak in our country
(c) Costumes that people wear in Nepal
(d) Religious festivals that people observe in Nepal
(e) Cultural festivals that people celebrate in our country

(2) Write short paragraphs on the following topics.

(a) My Favourite Festival (b) My Country, My Pride
(c) A Good Person in My Community

(3) Write creative answers to the following questions.

(a) How can we eliminate bad practices of our society?
Write any five ways.

(b) Although festivals are of great importance in our social
life, they aren’t free from bad traditions. What can we
do to minimise bad practices in the name of celebration
of festivals? Write any five measures.

(c) What can common people do to promote the cultural
and religious heritage of their country? Make a list of
any five ways.

(4) Describe the given picture in a short paragraph.

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Unit : Three

SOCIAL PROBLEMS AND
THEIR SOLUTIONS

3.1 Save Yourself and Others from Bad Habits
3.2 Ways to Protect Ourselves from Theft and

Robbery
3.3 Don’t Be Over Imitative
3.4 Reconciliation
3.5 Some Social Organisations
3.6 Role of Local Bodies

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Lesson Save Yourself and Others
from Bad Habits
3.1
After the completion of this lesson, we will be able to:

• identify and list the bad habits such as smoking,
gambling and alcoholism; and

• convey the harmful effects of bad habits on people.

Habits are something that we do regularly. They are often hard to
give up. They can be good or bad. Good habits lead to individual
and social progress. On the other hand, some habits such as
consuming liquors, smoking, drug addiction, chewing tobacco,
gambling, stealing and quarrelling are bad habits. Such habits ruin
one’s image, health and social life. Let’s discuss among some bad
habits and their negative effects.

(1) Smoking

Smoking is the act or habit
of smoking cigarettes, cigars, or a
pipe. Cigarettes and cigars contain
a poisonous chemical called
nicotine. It makes people difficult
to stop once they begin smoking.
Smoking cigarettes affects lung
health and cause lung cancer. It
can also damage the heart, blood
vessels, and blood cells. It can
weaken one’s immune system too.
It causes bad breath and wastes one’s money. Therefore, we should
advise others to give up smoking or remain away from such habits.
Nobody can smoke in public places. It is against the law.

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(2) Alcoholism

The condition of being unable to stop drinking too much
alcohol is called alcoholism. It makes people unable to live and
work in society. It costs a person his or her job, health and family.

An alcoholic person cannot
live a healthy and normal life.
Consumption of liquors worsens
one’s health conditions. It causes
liver diseases, weakens the immune
system, leads to heart diseases
and diabetes, causes problems in
pancreases and increases the risk
of chest infection. It also decreases
thinking capacity, imbalances the
body, and weakens memory and
judgement power. A large number
of people die in road accidents due to drink and drive cases every
year in the world.

Life doesn’t give a person a second chance. Therefore, we
should suggest people not to drive vehicles after consuming
alcohol.

(3) Drug Addiction

The habit of taking drugs such
as cocaine, heroin, opium, brown
sugar, and hashish regularly is
called drug addiction. People take
drugs because of their pleasant
effects. Drug addiction causes
serious illnesses. Sharp injections
used to take drugs can also cause

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injuries. It also leads to social crime, loss of job, failure in social life,
and so on. People who take drugs regularly are drug addicts. They
cannot live a normal life. Some of them share infected needles with
others. Such people have high chances of HIV AIDS, Hepatitis B
and Hepatitis C. Many addicts die untimely.

We should be aware of such bad habits and their negative effects.
Discipline can help us remain away from such bad habits. Once
we fall into a bad habit, it is often difficult to get out of it. Most
people fall into such habits unknowingly. Therefore, we should also
encourage and support our family members, friends, neighbours
and relatives to quit such bad habits.

liquor GLOSSARY
gambling
pancreas : strong alcoholic drinks such as whisky, vodka, and
gin
pleasant
: the act or activity of betting money, for example, in
card games

: an organ in your body that is situated behind your
stomach which produces insulin and substances
that help your body digest food

: something that is nice, enjoyable, or attractive

EXERCISE

(1) Fill in the blanks with a suitable answer.
(a) ................................ are something that we do regularly.
(b) ................................ is the practice of playing games of
chance or betting in the hope of winning money.
(c) The act or habit of smoking cigarettes, cigars, or a pipe
is called ................................ .

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(d) ................................ is the condition of being unable to
stop drinking too much alcohol.

(e) People take ................. because of their pleasant effects.

(2) Write True for right and False for wrong statements.
(a) Good habits lead to individual and social
progress.
(b) Smoking builds up one’s immune system.
(c) It is okay if people smoke in public places.
(d) An alcoholic person cannot live a healthy
and normal life.
(e) Drug addiction results in serious illnesses
and injuries.

(3) Answer the following questions.
(a) What do bad habits do?
(b) What is nicotine?
(c) Why is smoking harmful? Write any three reasons.
(d) Write any three effects of alcoholism.
(e) Why should one remain away from drug addiction?
(d) How can we save ourselves and others from bad habits?

(4) What can you do to make your society an alcohol free
zone? Discuss among your friends and make a list of
any three ways.

Paste the pictures of any two bad habits on a sheet of A4 size
paper and mention their harmful effects in brief.

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Lesson Ways to Protect Ourselves
3.2 from Theft and Robbery

After the completion of this lesson, we will be able to:

• be aware of anti-social activities such as theft,
robbery and kidnapping; and

• tell the measures to protect ourselves from various
anti-social activities.

Sometimes, we can read or watch news about theft and robbery
on various media such as newspaper, online media, radio and
television. Theft is the crime of stealing something that belongs to
someone else dishonestly. Likewise, robbery is the crime of stealing
money or property from a bank, shop, or vehicle, often by using
force or threats.
Besides them, other criminal activities such as kidnapping, murder,
rape, and extortion are common these days. They cause harm and
disturb social peace and harmony. They also make people worried,
tense and insecure. Therefore, we should learn some effective and
practical ways to protect ourselves from such anti-social activities.
Anti-social activities occur in our society
due to various reasons. People commit
crimes because of unemployment,
poverty, ignorance, lack of education,
desire to show off, the habit of
consuming alcohol and drugs, desire
of becoming rich quickly, unnecessary
competitions and so on. On the other
hand, the common people become
the victims of criminals due to their
carelessness, negligence, the desire to
show off, lavish or showy lifestyle, lack of precautions, and lack of

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effective punishment to criminals. Some of the incidents take place
due to the lack of a tight and effective security system.

We must follow some safety measures to remain safe and prevent
ourselves from theft and robbery. Some of them are given below.

(1) We must lock the doors and windows properly before leaving
our home.

(2) We should inform our neighbours if we need to remain away
from our house for a long time. We should also request them
to keep an eye on our house.

(3) We need to keep cash and valuable things in safe places.
(4) It is better not to allow outsiders to enter our house without

proper identification. Some of them may turn to be thieves or
robbers.
(5) We should not hire any people to work without consulting
their background.
(6) We mustn’t go to a crowded place by wearing expensive
ornaments or carrying cash or a purse.
(7) We shouldn’t carry a lot of cash and any valuable things while
travelling for a long distance.
(8) We mustn’t eat anything that strangers give us while travelling.
Some food may contain a chemical that makes us unconscious.
People with bad intentions can take advantage.

Local people and the police need to
have good coordination in society.
The police have authority to control
all anti-social activities. They are
responsible for maintaining law
and order in our society. Thus, the
local people must report criminal
activities and threats to the nearest
police station without any delay. We
should also inform our parents, guardians and the police if we find
any suspicious people in our locality.

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GLOSSARY

extortion : the crime of obtaining something from someone,
especially money, by using force or threats

negligence : the state or quality of being careless or
irresponsible

lavish : large in quantity and expensive or impressive

intention : something that you want and plan to do

EXERCISE

(1) Match the following. the major cause of
(a) Theft anti-social activities
(b) Robbery responsible for
(c) Police maintaining law and
(d) Carelessness order in the society
the crime of stealing
(e) Tight security system other’s things
a way to protect
ourselves from theft and
robbery
the crime of stealing
money from a bank or
shop

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(2) Write True for right and False for wrong statements.
(a) Theft and robbery disturb social peace
and harmony.
(b) Many criminal activities take place due to the
lack of a tight and effective security system.
(c) It is not necessary to inform our neighbours
if we have to remain away from our house
for a long time.
(d) It is okay to allow outsiders to enter
our house without proper identification.
(e) We shouldn’t carry a lot of cash and any valuable
objects while travelling a long distance.

(3) Answer the following questions.
(a) What are the different reasons behind anti-social
activities? Write any six of them.
(b) How do general people become victims of criminal
activities?
(c) How can we protect ourselves from theft and robbery?
Mention any three ways.
(d) Why shouldn’t we eat anything given by strangers?
(e) What should we do if we find any suspicious people in
our locality?

(4) Find out some news stories about the incidents of
theft and robbery from different newspapers and
share them in your classroom.

Write any six important safety measures to remain safe and
prevent ourselves from theft and robbery on a sheet of chart paper
and paste it on your classroom display board.

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Lesson Don’t Be Over Imitative

3.3 After the completion of this lesson, we will be able to:

• identify the negative influence of foreign culture
and avoid following them blindly; and

• appreciate our own culture, promote and preserve
them.

Madan used to live in a village before. He had
a habit of wearing typical Nepali dresses such
as Daura suruwal, Dhaka topi and waistcoat.
He would take part in all the ceremonies and
functions held in his village actively. He always
preferred to sing Nepali songs and dance on the
beat of the tim-tom (madal). Roti, Dhindo and
Gundruk were his favourite food items. He used
to enjoy typical Nepali culture. He was good at
studies too. He would often involve himself in the
development work of his village and encourage
others to do the same. His ambition was to serve
his birthplace after studying in the city.
After completing his school level education, he moved to the town
for further study. After a short stay in the town, there were many
changes in his choice of food, clothes, dress, language and culture.
Nobody had expected that it would happen. He didn’t remain
Madan anymore. He changed his name to Martin. Instead of wearing
traditional Nepali dress, he started wearing modern dress torn at
different places. He kept long hair. He forgot Nepali folk songs and
started singing English rap and hip-hop songs. Instead of playing
the madal, he began to play the drum set.

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Madan forgot the joy of Nepali fairs and festivals. Instead, he went
to the discos and clubs regularly. Dhindo and Roti couldn’t satisfy
his hunger then. He would prefer pizza, burger and junk food only.
He had come to the town with a promise to continue his higher-
level education, and return back to serve his birthplace. However,
he forgot his originality in the name of being modern.
Was Madan right to disrespect his culture and tradition? Of
course not! Does being modern mean forgetting the beautiful
aspect of our culture?
Western culture has attracted many youths
these days. People have started disregarding
our culture. Foreign culture has influenced
our lifestyle. However, we must not forget our
originality and tradition. If we forget our typical
culture and imitate others’ culture blindly, we
will lose our identity one day.
We shouldn’t forget our traditional ways of life
and tradition in the name of being modern. It
doesn’t mean that all foreign cultures are bad.
We should be careful while copying them. In
fact, we should copy only the positive aspects
of the foreign culture. Western people are
hardworking, sincere, responsible, punctual and self-reliant. We
should imitate such positive traits. Even the people of developed
countries promote their own culture and tradition.
We should discourage the blind imitation of the foreign culture. We
should make the youths realise the importance and beauty of our
own culture and tradition. We should set up some child clubs in our
schools or locality to promote our own culture. We can also organise
our own typical fashion shows and other cultural programmes
during parents’ day programme and other formal programmes of
our school.

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typical GLOSSARY

punctual : showing all the characteristics that you would
usually expect from a particular group of things
self-reliant
trait : arriving, doing something, or happening at the
expected, correct time; not late

: not needing help or support from other people
: a characteristic, especially of a personality

EXERCISE

(1) Here is a list of some culture and tradition. Classify
them into the given tables.

Enjoying typical Nepali culture, Going to the discos and clubs regularly,
Imitating foreign culture blindly, Involving in development work of one’s
community, Promoting our own culture and tradition, Regarding our
culture and tradition inferior to others’, Respecting parents, Showing
off in the name of being modern

Culture and tradition we Culture and tradition that
must continue we must withdraw

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(2) Fill in the blanks with suitable words.
(a) We should try to take part in all ...................... and
functions held in our community.
(b) One shouldn’t forget her or his ...................... in the
name of modernisation.
(c) We should serve our ............................. after completing
our study.
(d) We need to copy only ............................ aspects of
foreign culture.
(e) It is better to ..............................our own culture than
imitating the foreign culture blindly.

(3) Answer the following questions.
(a) What will happen if we forget our typical culture and
tradition?
(b) Are all foreign cultural practices bad? What are the
positive aspects of a foreign culture?
(c) What can we do to promote our culture among others?
Write any two ways.
(d) What suggestions would you give to Madan if you meet
him in real life? Write any three suggestions.
(e) It is better to perform dances on folk and Nepali songs
instead of Hindi, English or other songs in formal
programmes of the school. Do you agree with this
statement? Why?

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Lesson Reconciliation

3.4

After the completion of this lesson, we will be able to:

• tell about the significance of forgiveness and
reconciliation; and

• say how to mediate to settle any conflict.

People of different nature live in our society. Sometimes, conflicts may
occur among them. They happen mainly due to misunderstanding,
discrimination, injustice, and lack of equal opportunities.
Here is a case of such a conflict. Let’s find out how the characters
solved it.
One day, Pemu, David, Asim and
Agrata were grazing their goats. Some
children came towards them. One of
them asked if they had seen a white
goat nearby. Agrata said, “I had seen a
white goat some time ago, but I don’t
know where it went now.” Then the
children went away from there. After a
while, Pemu and her friends heard screams and shouts. They went
there. The missing goat had gone into Kalika Aunt’s garden. She
had caught the goat and kept it with her.
The herders were arguing with Kalika Aunt. One of them shouted,
“Give us our goat, you old woman!” Then, another child added, “If
you don’t give us our goat, we will break all the fences around the
garden.” Pemu couldn’t remain silent. She said, “Friends, never
think of such ill intentions. They will just worsen the condition. We
must resolve conflicts in peaceful ways. After all, Kalika Aunt is
senior to you all. Therefore, you should respect her and behave
properly with her."

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Asim thought of resolving the conflict. He said, “Aunty, it is certainly
their fault. They should have looked after the goat properly. There
is no use of quarrelling like this. What should they do to get their
goat back?” Kalika Aunt spoke, “They didn’t look after their goats
carefully. Moreover, they are speaking rudely to me. I will keep the
goat with me. I won’t give them until their parents come here and
ask with me.”
Agrata asked the herders what they would do then. One of them
pleaded, “Please, don’t inform our parents. They will be furious
with us. We will never repeat this type of mistake again.” Then,
Agrata added, “Aunt, please forgive them this time. They will not
repeat their mistake again.” She also suggested the herders to be
careful from next time and ask for forgiveness with Kalika Aunt.
The herders realised their mistake and requested Kalika Aunt to
stop being angry with them. She gave their goat back. They were
thankful to Pemu and her friends for their help. They were also
happy to make new friends.
In this way, the herders and Kalika Aunt became friendly again after
a quarrel. Such a situation in which two people or groups of people
become friendly again after quarrelling is called reconciliation. It is
possible if both of them stop blaming each other and forgive one
another. We should also realise the significance of forgiveness and
reconciliation. They help to settle disputes, arguments, quarrelling
and fights. They also help to improve our relationship with others.

GLOSSARY

scream : to say something loudly

fence : a structure that divides two areas of land, similar to a
wall

intention : something that you want and plan to do

blame : to say or think that someone or something did
something wrong or is responsible for something bad
happening

dispute : an argument or disagreement, especially an official one

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EXERCISE

(1) Write whether the following statements are true or
false.
(a) All people have the same nature in our
society.
(b) We should never think of ill intention.
(c) We have to respect and behave properly
with seniors.
(d) It is a wise idea to repeat one’s mistake.
(e) We should realise our mistake and ask
for forgiveness instead of quarrelling.

(2) Answer the following questions.
(a) Why do conflicts occur among people?
(b) How should we resolve conflicts?
(c) What type of situation is reconciliation?
(d) When is reconciliation possible?
(e) Write the importance of forgiveness and reconciliation.

(3) What are the good and bad things you have done this
week? Think and make a list of any three such activities.

Positive activities Negative activities

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Lesson Some Social Organisations

3.5

After the completion of this lesson, we will be able to:

• identify some social organisations, and their
functions; and

• show readiness to assist such social organisations.

The teacher and students of grade five in a school are holding a
discussion about some social organisations, their functions and
duties.

Teacher : Several social problems and evils such as child
marriage, dowry system, drug abuse, gambling,
and untouchability are common in our society.
They have pushed our society backwards. It is not
possible to solve them through individual efforts
only. Social organisations play an effective and
active role to solve them.

Those organisations that work for the welfare of our
society are social organisations. They contribute
to putting an end to social problems and evils.

They provide social service to needy,
helpless, destitute, orphans, differently
able, exploited women, victims
of domestic violence and natural
calamities, and many other people.
They also conduct various awareness
campaigns, skill-based training, and
many other activities. Some of such
social organisations are Nepal Scouts,
Red Cross, Paropakar Sanstha, SOS

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Anuja : Children’s Village, and local level youth clubs and
Teacher : Aama Samuhas.
What type of organisation is Nepal Scouts, Sir?
The Scouts is an organisation for children, young
and adult people, which teaches them to be
Pema : practical, independent, sensible, and helpful. It
Teacher : also encourages young people of all ages to take
part in activities outside. The motto of the Scouts is
“Be ready to serve the people”. Nepal Scouts was
established on July 18, 1952 AD (Shrawan 3, 2009
BS). Its head office is in Lainchour, Kathmandu.
The mission of Nepal Scouts is to educate people
by supporting their physical, intellectual, social
and emotional development. It also works to make
them responsible citizens. The Scouts provide their
services during religious and social festivals. Some
of the activities and functions of the Scouts are to
rescue and conduct relief works for the victims of
natural disasters, to control the crowds of people
during cultural, religious, social and national
celebrations, and so on.
Can you please tell us something about Paropakar
Sanstha?
Sure! Paropakar Sanstha is the first and the oldest
social service organisation of Nepal. Dayabir Singh
Kansakar founded it in 2004 BS. It provides food,
homes, education and health service to orphans.
It also provides ambulance service and conducts
blood donation programmes. It helps the victims of
different natural disasters by giving food, clothes,
and shelter.

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Did You Know?

Dayabir Singh Kansakar is a famous social
worker. He is also popular as the first blood
donor of Nepal.

Paropakar Sanstha has established a school. The
name of the school is Paropakar Adarsha Secondary
School. It is in Bhimsensthan, Kathmandu. It
runs class up to the high school level. Kansakar
also worked to set up Paropakar Maternity and
Women’s Hospital (Prasuti Griha) in 2016 BS. It is
in Thapathali, Kathmandu.

Swopnil : Sir, my father works at SOS Hermann Gmeiner
School in Bhaktapur. I know something about
SOS Children’s Village. Can I tell about it in the
class?

Teacher : Yes, go ahead.

Swopil : The full form of SOS is Societas Socialis. Austrian
professor Hermann Gmeiner founded the first SOS
Children’s Village in 1949 AD in Austria. In Nepal,
he established the first SOS Children Village at
Sanothimi, Bhaktapur in 1972 AD. At present, there
are many SOS villages in various districts of Nepal
such as Bhaktapur, Kaski, Kathmandu, Surkhet,
Sunsari, Kavre, Chitwan, Rupandehi and Dhangadi.
They provide food, clothes, education, and shelter
to helpless, needy, differently able orphans and
children. They also provide a homely and caring
environment for the orphans and children for their
all-round development.

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Teacher : Yes, that was a wonderful piece of information.
Now, I am going to tell you about another social
organisation. Its name is Nepal Red Cross Society.
The Red Cross is an international organisation.
Jean Henri Dunant founded it in 1863 AD. Its head
offices are in Geneva, Switzerland. Nepal Red Cross
Society (NRCS) came into being in 1963 AD (2020
BS). Its main offices are in Kalimati, Kathmandu.
It organises blood donation programmes and
educates people about vaccinations and epidemics.
It also arranges ambulance service in emergencies.
It provides different health service and conducts
various social awareness programmes too.

Besides these social organisations, Maiti Nepal,
Bal Mandir, Early Childhood Development Center
(ECDC) and Blinknow Foundation are some other
social service organisations of Nepal. Social
Welfare Council Nepal is a government body that
looks after these social organisations of Nepal.
It promotes, helps and coordinates them. It also
helps to run social activities in a more organised
way. It was established in 1992 AD (2049 BS). Its
main office is in Lainchour, Kathmandu.

destitute GLOSSARY
motto
: without money, food, a home, or possessions
donor : a short sentence or phrase that expresses a belief

vaccination or purpose
epidemic : a person who gives some of their blood or a part of

their body to help someone who is ill
: the process or an act of giving someone a vaccine
: the appearance of a particular disease in a large

number of people at the same time

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EXERCISE

(1) Fill in the blanks with a suitable answer.
(a) Social problems and evils have pushed our society
...........…….. .
(b) Social ………….. work to put an end to social problems
and evils.
(c) The ……………………….. encourages young people of
all ages to take part in activities outside.
(d) Dayabir Singh Kansakar founded ……………….. .
(e) Hermann Gmeiner founded the first ………………..
Children’s Village in Austria.

(2) Identify these social organisations with the help of the
given details.

(a) This organisation organises blood donation programmes
and educated people about vaccinations and
epidemics. .....................................

(b) This organisation provides food, clothes, education and
shelter to helpless, needy, differently able orphans and
children. .....................................

(c) This organisation provides food, homes, education and
health services to orphans. It also provides ambulance
service and conducts blood donation programmes.
.....................................

(d) This organisation teaches children to be practical,
independent, sensible and helpful. .................................

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(3) Match the following social organisations with their
date of establishment.

(a) Nepal Red Cross Society 1863 AD

(b) Nepal Scout 2004 BS

(c) Paropakar Sanstha 1952 AD

(d) Red Cross 1949 AD

(e) SOS Children’s Village, Austria 1972 AD

(f) SOS Children’s Village, Bhaktapur 1963 AD

(4) Answer the following questions.
(a) What are social organisations? What do they do?
(b) What kind of organisation is Nepal Scouts?
(c) Which is the first and the oldest social service organisation
in Nepal? Write its two major activities.
(d) Introduce SOS in five sentences.
(e) Introduce Nepal Red Cross Society with its two major
activities.
(f) What type of body is Social Welfare Council Nepal?

Draw or paste the logo of any two social organisations working in
Nepal on a sheet of photocopy paper and describe them in short.

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Lesson Role of Local Bodies

3.6 After the completion of this lesson, we will be able to:

• tell the roles of local organisations in solving social
and evil problems; and

• help and involve in solving social problems and
social evils.

We can find many social problems,
evils and bad practices in our society.
Some of them are gambling, drug
abuse, theft, robbery, drinking,
and smoking. They emerge due
to different reasons like illiteracy,
traditional thoughts, superstitious
beliefs, narrow mindedness, lack of
awareness, and so on. They delay
the progress of society. We should
solve such social problems in time
before they ruin society.

Individual effort of a person is not Local Body

enough to solve such social stigma.
We studied the roles of various social organisations to solve those
social problems and evils in our previous lesson. Besides them, local
bodies such as ward offices, rural municipalities, municipalities,
district coordination committees, local clubs, police stations and
different non-government organisations (NGOs) can also play
effective roles to minimise and eradicate bad customs from our
society.

The local bodies can carry out the following activities to minimise

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and solve the social problems, evils and bad customs in our society.
(1) Generate public awareness by holding meetings, conferences,

gatherings, rallies and protest marches.
(2) Paste and distribute posters, pamphlets, leaflets about the

bad effects of smoking, drinking and other bad habits.
(3) Launch mass awareness programmes through various media

such as newspapers, television channels, radios, FM stations,
and so on.
(4) Organise discussion and interactions programmes on different
media.
(5) Paste notices at public places.
(6) Make effective social rules and regulations at the local level
and implement them.
(7) Form Tol Sudhar Samitis (Tol Reformation Committees) and
mobilise them for social reforms.
(8) Activate Aama Samuha, Youth clubs and Child clubs.
(9) Publish news and articles about the bad effects of social
problems and evils.
(10) Organise poem competitions, speech competitions and street
drama competitions to make people aware of social problems
and evils.

We should also help local bodies to eliminate social problems and
evils. From our side, we can inform the police if any bad, illegal and
criminal activities take place in our locality. We can also request our
family members not to get involved in any bad habits. We can also
appeal to them not to spend more than necessary during festivals
and other occasions. Therefore, we students can also assist the
local bodies in their mission to uproot evil practices.

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stigma GLOSSARY
eradicate
conference : a mark of shame
: to get rid of something completely
pamphlet : an event, sometimes lasting a few days, at which

leaflet there is a group of talks on a particular subject
: a thin book with only a few pages that gives
appeal
information or an opinion about something
: a thin book with only a few pages that gives

information or an opinion about something
: a request to the public for information or help

EXERCISE

(1) Fill in the blanks with a suitable answer.

(a) Social problems, evils and bad customs delay the .........
....................... of society.

(b) Local bodies can also play effective roles to ..................
and eradicate bad customs in our society.

(c) Local bodies can launch mass ..................................
programmes through various media.

(d) We should inform the ................................. if any bad,
illegal and criminal activities take place in our locality.

(e) Students can also assist local bodies in their mission to
…………………….. evil practices.

(2) Write True for right and False for wrong statements.
(a) Gambling, drug abuse, theft, robbery,
drinking and smoking are social problems,
evils and bad practices.

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(b) Individual effort of a person is enough
to solve social problems and evils.

(c) Local bodies can activate Aama Samuhas,
youth clubs and child clubs to minimise
social problems and evils.

(d) There should be effective rules and
regulations at the local level.

(e) Local bodies shouldn’t publish news
and articles about the bad impacts of
social problems and evils.

(3) Answer the following questions.
(a) Why do social problems, evils and bad customs emerge
in our society?
(b) What are the local bodies that can play a significant
role to minimise bad customs in our community? Name
them.
(c) What activities can local bodies carry out to solve social
problems, evils and bad customs? Mention any three of
them.
(d) What can students do to solve social problems and evils
that exist in their society?

Copy the roles of local bodies to minimise and solve social
problems and evils in our society on a sheet of chart paper and
paste them on your classroom wall.

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Revisiting the Unit

(1) Give any four examples of the following.
(a) Habits that damage our health, image and social life
(b) Harmful drugs
(c) Anti-social activities
(d) Social organisations working in our country

(2) Write short notes on the following topics.

(a) Importance of Cooperation
(b) Nepal Scouts
(c) Paropakar Sanstha
(d) Save Our Soul
(e) Nepal Red Cross Society

(3) Write creative answers to the following questions.

(a) How can we save ourselves and others from bad
habits? Write any five ways.

(b) Why should we discourage the blind imitation of
foreign culture? Write any five reasons.

(c) Make a list of any five activities that local bodies can
carry out to solve social problems and evils.

(4) Identify these social organisations with their logos.

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Unit : Four

CIVIC SENSE

4.1 Our Rights
4.2 Our Duties
4.3 Our National Heritage
4.4 Our Social Rules and Regulations
4.5 District Assembly and District Coordination

Committee
4.6 Equal Treatment and Mutual Cooperation

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Lesson Our Rights

4.1 After the completion of this lesson, we will be able to:

• identify some fundamental rights; and
• make use of our rights.

Rights are something that one
is morally, legally, or officially
allowed to do or have. People can
enjoy their rights in a democratic
nation. The Constitution of Nepal
guarantees our rights to do or
have something. The constitution
has given us certain basic rights.
They are essential for our happy
and meaningful life. Such rights
are fundamental rights. They are
necessary for the all-round development of a person. Every citizen
has the freedom to enjoy these rights.
The Constitution of Nepal has guaranteed some 31 rights as
fundamental rights. Some of them are described below.

(1) Right to Equality

According to this right, all citizens are equal before the law.
The state or a person cannot discriminate against others in the
name of origin, religion, race, caste, sex, physical structure and
economic condition. However, the constitution has mentioned
special provisions for women, children, senior citizens, Dalits,
persons with disabilities, and so on.

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(2) Right to Freedom

This right assures that every citizen has the freedom to:
(a) express his or her opinions and thoughts,
(b) assemble peacefully and without arms,
(c) form political parties,
(d) form unions and associations,
(e) move and reside in any part of Nepal,
(f) practise any profession, carry on any occupation, and
establish and operate any industry, trade and business
in any part of Nepal.

(3) Right to Information

According to this right, every citizen has the right to demand
and receive information on any matter of his or her interest or of
public interest.

(4) Rights of Women

According to this right, no one can discriminate between
sons and daughters. Women also have equal lineage right without
discrimination. Women have rights to participate in all bodies of
the state on the basis of principle of proportional inclusion. Nobody
can torture women physically or mentally.

(5) Right Relating to Education

Every citizen has the right of access to basic education. Every
citizen has to get compulsory and free education up to the basic
level and free education up to the secondary level from the state.

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(6) Right Relating to Property

According to this right, every citizen has the right to acquire,
own, and sell property in the country.

(7) Right to Freedom of Religion

Every person who has faith in religion shall have the freedom
to practice and protect his or her religion according to his or her
belief.

(8) Right Against Exploitation

Every person has the right against exploitation. No person shall
be exploited in any manner on the grounds of religion, tradition,
practice or any other grounds.

(9) Right to a Clean Environment

Every citizen has the right to live in a clean and healthy
environment.
Besides these rights, some other fundamental rights are right to live
with dignity, right to communication, right of victim of crime, right
against torture, right against untouchability and discrimination,
right relating to education, and so on.
The courts are guardians of our rights. They help an individual
provide his or her right if he or she is deprived of it. A nation cannot
develop well if its citizens are deprived of their fundamental rights.
Rights and duties go together. One can claim the rights only if he
or she does his or her concerned duties sincerely.

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GLOSSARY

constitution : a written set of rules by which a country, state, or
organisation is governed

provision : the act of providing something

assemble : to come together

lineage : the members of a person’s family who are directly
related to that person and who lived a long time
before him or her

torture : the act of causing great physical or mental pain

EXERCISE

(1) Fill in the blanks with suitable words.
(a) ................................ are something that one is morally,
legally and officially allowed to do or have.
(b) All citizens are ................................ before the law.
(c) Every citizen has the freedom to establish and ...............
any industry in any part of Nepal.
(d) The ................................ are guardians of our rights.
(e) Rights and ................................ go together.

(2) Write True for right and False for wrong statements.
(a) People can enjoy their rights in a democratic
nation.
(b) Fundamental rights are essential for all-round
development of a person.
(c) A person cannot practise religion according to
his or her choice in our country.

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(d) Every citizen has the right to live in a clean
and healthy environment in Nepal.

(e) A nation can develop properly if its citizens are
deprived of their basic rights.

(3) Answer the following questions.
(a) What are fundamental rights?
(b) Name any six fundamental rights guaranteed by the
constitution of Nepal.
(c) What does the right to freedom mean?
(d) How do courts help an individual?
(e) What should a person do to claim his or her rights?

(4) Which fundamental rights have been violated in the
given cases? Discuss among your friends and write
them.
(a) Showing unfair behaviour to some
people in the name of untouchability ............................
(b) Forcing a group of people to follow
a religion against their wish ............................
(c) Showing discrimination between
sons and daughters ............................
(d) Discriminating people on the basis
of their religion and sex ............................
(e) Not allowing a person to buy or sell
property ............................

Write the major fundamental rights guaranteed by our constitution
on a sheet of chart paper and display in the classroom.

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Lesson Our Duties

4.2 After the completion of this lesson, we will be able to:

• identify our duties; and
• tell the importance of these duties.

Our constitution has granted certain freedom to do or have
different things. At the same time, we have certain responsibilities
towards our parents, teachers, elders, society and our nation. They
are our duties. We must do our duties sincerely while enjoying our
rights. For example, children have the right to education. Their
duties include studying sincerely, respecting their teachers, going
to school regularly, and so on.
There are many kinds of duties, but we can broadly divide them
into three groups. They are as follows:

(1) Moral Duties

Moral duties are those duties
that all think are right and good.
They include respecting our elders,
teachers and senior members,
loving the younger ones, helping
people in need, showing loyalty to
the nation, and so on.

(2) Social Duties

Social duties include our
duties towards our society. Keeping
our surrounding clean, cleaning and

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preserving public properties, waiting for our turn in public places,
following social norms and values, and taking part in community
activities are some of our social duties.

(3) Legal Duties

The government makes
laws for the smooth running and
welfare of the nation. The laws
mention legal duties. They include
following the laws, paying tax to
the government, casting votes,
raising a voice for justice, helping
the government to maintain law
and order, and so on.

The Constitution of Nepal has mentioned the following duties as
the duties of every Nepali citizen.
(1) To safeguard the nationality, sovereignty and integrity of

Nepal while being loyal to the nation;
(2) To abide by the constitution and law;
(3) To render compulsory service as and when the state requires

so; and
(4) To protect and preserve public property.

Relationship between Rights and Duties

Rights and duties are two sides of the same coin. They go hand
in hand. One cannot demand rights without fulfilling his or her
duties. Likewise, we shouldn’t violate others’ rights while enjoying
our rights. For example, we have the right to listen to the radio.
However, we cannot play it in a loud voice and disturb other’s right
to live peacefully in the name of exercising our right. The state

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provides rights to its citizens, and citizens have to fulfil their duties
towards their nation. If all the citizens of a country realise their
duties and rights properly, it can progress at high speed.

GLOSSARY

loyalty : the quality of being faithful

safeguard : to protect something from harm

sovereignty : the power of a country to control its own
government

integrity : the quality of being honest and having strong moral
principles that you refuse to change

abide by : to accept or obey an agreement, decision, or rule

render : to give something such as a service and a personal
opinion or expression to people

violate : to break or act against something, especially a law,
agreement, principle

EXERCISE

(1) Write whether the following duties are moral, social or
legal.
(a) To follow law and order ............................
(b) To help people in need ............................
(c) To keep our surrounding neat and tidy ...........................
(d) To pay tax to the government ............................
(e) To respect our elders, teachers and seniors ....................
(f) To wait for our turn in public places ............................

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(2) Tick ( ) the right statements and cross (×) the wrong
ones.
(a) We can push a person aside for our easy ride.
(b) It is our right to destroy public properties.
(c) We should show loyalty towards our nation.
(d) We don’t need to take part in community
activities.
(e) We should not violate others’ rights while
enjoying our rights.

(3) Answer the following questions.
(a) What are our duties?
(b) What are the major types of duties? Give any two
examples of each.
(c) What are the duties of every Nepali citizen mentioned in
the constitution of Nepal? Mention any three of them.
(d) When can a nation progress at high speed?

(4) ”Rights and duties are the two sides of the same coin.”
Explain this statement with examples.

(5) What will you do in the following situations? Think and
write.

(a) When your friends request you to take part in the public
welfare work.

(b) When one of your relatives refuses to pay tax to the
government.

(c) When the people in your house and neighbourhood do
not want to cast their votes.

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Lesson Our National Heritage

4.3 After the completion of this lesson, we will be able to:

• recognise the national heritage of our country; and
• tell the importance and get involved in the

promotion and preservation of the heritage.

The items of historical, natural or
cultural importance in our country
are our national heritage. They
are assets or pride of our country.
They have been passed from one
generation to another. They are
of different types, such as natural,
cultural and religious heritage.
Natural heritage includes national
parks, landscapes, lakes, rivers, forests, parks and wildlife reserves.
Similarly, cultural heritage includes languages, arts, architectures,
customs, folk music and folk songs, and religious heritage includes
temples, monasteries, churches, mosques, and so on. We can see
some of the national heritage such as temples, lakes and forests
and we can’t see some of them such as customs and traditions.

Importance of Our National Heritage

There is a great importance of our
national heritage. We get many
things like firewood, timber, fresh
air, medicinal herbs and fodder from
forests. They control floods and
landslides and add natural beauty.
Lakes and rivers are sources of

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water for irrigation, hydroelectricity and even drinking water. People
also use them for boating, rafting, canoeing and other recreational
activities. The high mountains are sources of natural beauty, water
and cold air. Many tourists visit Nepal for mountaineering, trekking
and observe their natural beauty.
There are twelve national parks, six
conservation areas and a wildlife
reserve in our country. Bardiya
National Park, Banke National Park,
Chitwan National Park, Khaptad
National Park, Langtang National
Park, Makalu Barun National Park,
Parsa National Park, Rara National
Park, Sagarmatha National Park, Shey-Phoksundo National Park,
Shivapuri Nagarjun National Park and Shukla Phanta National
Park are the twelve national parks of our country. Similarly, the 6
conservation areas of our country are Annapurna Conservation
Area, Api-Nampa Conservation Area, Krishnasaar Conservation
Area, Gaurishankar Conservation Area, Kanchanjunga Conservation
Area and Manaslu Conservation Area. Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve
is the only wildlife reserve in our country. These parks, conservation
areas and wildlife reserve are the natural habitats of many wild
animals and birds. They are important places for people to conduct
research and other activities. Many tourists visit such places for
safari, wildlife photography, and other recreational activities.
Nepal is rich in cultural heritage and religious heritage. The ancient
temples, paintings, palaces and museums show our ancient skill and
way of life. They reflect our glorious history. They are storehouses
of knowledge.
Such national heritage are our common national wealth. Our
ancestors built them and left them for our utility. They introduce
our country to the rest of the world. They also attract thousands of
tourists every year. They help to promote the feeling of nationality.
Therefore, we must conserve our national heritage.

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Ways to Conserve Our National Heritage

Although our national heritage has great cultural, religious and
historical value, many people are not conscious of their preservation.
They are not renovating them and preserving them. Thus, many
heritage sites of our country are not in proper condition. Therefore,
we should carry out the following plans to conserve our national
heritage.

(1) Periodical renovation and cleanliness programme should be
launched.

(2) Local people should be made aware of the importance of
such heritage.

(3) Awareness programmes should be launched on a large scale.
(4) Local people should coordinate with local bodies to conserve

them.
(5) Effective and strict laws should be made against those who

damage such properties.

GLOSSARY

architecture : the art and practice of designing and making
buildings

fodder : food that is given to cows, horses, and other farm
animals

canoeing : travelling in a small, light, narrow boat, pointed at
both ends

habitat : the natural environment in which an animal or plant
usually lives

safari : an organised journey to look at, or sometimes hunt,
wild animals

renovate : to repair and improve something, especially a
building

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EXERCISE

(1) Fill in the blanks with suitable words.
(a) Our national heritage are ....................... of our country.
(b) Forests control floods and ........................
(c) Natural parks, conservation areas, and wildlife reserves
are natural ................... of many wild plants and animals.
(d) Ancient temples, paintings, palaces and museums reflect
our glorious .......................
(e) Our ....................... built our national heritage.

(2) Name any four examples of the following.
(a) Natural heritage (b) Cultural heritage
(c) Religious heritage (d) National parks of Nepal
(e) Conservation areas of Nepal

(3) Answer the following questions.
(a) What are our national heritage?
(b) Why are forests, lakes and rivers important to us?
(c) What do our cultural and religious heritage show?
(d) Why should we conserve our national heritage? Write
any three reasons.
(e) What are various ways to conserve our national heritage?
Mention any three of them.

(4) What are the benefits of conserving our national
heritage such as forests, parks, religious places, rivers
and lakes, roads and streets and so on? Write a letter
to your friend explaining them.

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Lesson Our Social Rules and
Regulations
4.4
After the completion of this lesson, we will be able to:

• follow social rules practised in our community; and
• explain such rules to other members of our

society.

Vedhika Tharu’s father was going to construct a new house. He
performed a “Puja” at the foundation (Jag) before starting the
work. Then, the workers started their work. He will also perform a
“Puja” before shifting to the new house. His son had bought a new
scooter. He also worshipped it before riding it. There is a practice
of worshipping or performing a Puja before starting any work in our
society. People believe that such worship or Puja brings good luck.

A Jatra is going to be organised in Indira Maharjan’s locality. All the
members of her Guthi have to participate in the Jatra. Guthi is a
social organisation in the Newar Community. It helps to maintain
the socio-economic order in its community. If anybody fails to
participate in the Jatra, the Guthi takes action against him or her.
The members of Guthi also have to help each other during several

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occasions such as Bratabanda, Ihi, marriage ceremony and death
rituals. Such rules promote cooperation and social harmony.
People lend helping hands to one another during cultivation
and harvest time in Bishnu's village. It is difficult to carry out the
agricultural work by a family itself. Therefore, there is a practice of
giving and taking help in labour turn by turn. This practice is known
as Parma. It is a tradition of exchanging labour during cultivation. It
is a two-way help to do a similar kind of work.
Shops and markets are far from Bishnu’s village. Thus, if any goods
such as salt, sugar, pulses, rice, soap and oil finish, the villagers
ask for such goods with their neighbours and return them after
they bring the goods. This practice of borrowing is called Paincho.
There is no system of interest or charge in this practice.

People of Lakpa’s village help each other in various ceremonies
and occasions such as Bratabandha, wedding ceremony, Pasni, and
funeral rites. If a person from a house falls sick, the villagers take
him or her to hospital and take proper care of the patient in turn.
They also run cleanliness campaigns twice a month. Almost every
adult person in the village takes part in it.
In this way, there are several social rules and regulations in every
society. They may differ from society to society. They are not in
written form. However, people follow them sincerely. These rules
have helped to maintain harmony, discipline and order in our

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society. If there are no such rules, there will be confusion and chaos
in the community. People who follow such rules can live prestigious
and dignified life. Therefore, we must follow the useful social rules
and reform the bad ones. People criticise those who disregard the
social rules and may even be outcast.

funeral GLOSSARY
rite
campaign : a religious ceremony for burying or burning the
body of a dead person
chaos
dignified : a set of fixed actions
disregard : a planned group of especially political, business,
outcast
or military activities that are intended to achieve a
particular aim
: a state of total confusion with no order
: controlled, serious, and calm, and therefore
deserving respect
: the fact of showing no care or respect for
something
: a person who has no place in their society or in
a particular group, because the society or group
refuses to accept them

EXERCISE

(1) Write True for right and False for wrong statements.
(a) Many people of our society perform a
Puja at the foundation of the house before
constructing it.
(b) The members of Guthi help each other
on various occasions and ceremonies.

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(c) People practise Parma and Paincho
practices in cities and towns only.

(d) Social rules and regulations are the same
in all communities.

(e) Social rules and regulations have helped
to maintain discipline, harmony, law and
order in our society.

(2) Answer the following questions.
(a) Why do people perform a Puja before starting any work
in our society?
(b) How does Guthi help in the Newar community?
(c) What kind of practice is Parma?
(d) What do you mean by Paincho?
(e) Why should we follow social rules and regulations? Write
any two reasons.

(3) What social rules and regulations are practised in your
society? Ask with your parents or discuss among your
friends and make of list of any four of them.

What are various social rules and regulations that exist in your
society? Write them on a sheet of photocopy paper and show it to
your teacher.

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Lesson District Assembly and District
Coordination Committee
4.5

After the completion of this lesson, we will be able to:

• tell the composition and functions of the district
coordination committee.

District Assembly District Coordination Committee
Building
The present constitution of Nepal
has a provision of three levels of
the government in Nepal. They
are the federal government, the
provincial government and the local
government. The local government
consists of rural municipalities and
municipalities. The constitution
also has a provision of district
assembly to coordinate the rural
municipalities and municipalities.

The district assembly consists of chairpersons and vice- chairpersons
of rural municipalities and mayors and deputy mayors of municipalities
of the same district as its members. The first meeting of the district
assembly is usually held within thirty days of the date of the final
result of the elections of the village and municipal assemblies.

District Coordination Committee

The district assembly elects district coordination committee to do
its functions. It consists of a maximum of nine members, including a
chief, a deputy chief, at least three women member and a member
from Dalit or minority.

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Any member of the village or municipal assemblies within the
concerned district can be the chief or deputy chief or a member of
the district coordination committee. However, they have to leave
the village assembly or municipal assembly if they are elected for
any post of the district coordination committee. The tenure of the
office of all members of the district coordination committee is five
years from the date of being elected.

Functions of District Coordination Committee

According to the Constitution of Nepal, the functions of the district
coordination committee are as given below.

To coordinate between rural municipalities and municipalities
within the district for all-round development of the concerned
district.

To monitor and maintain balance in development and
construction work.

To coordinate the federal and provincial offices and rural
municipalities and municipalities within the district.

To perform other functions as given by the provincial law.

The District Coordination Committee also does the following work
as per the provincial laws.

It manages the local markets and fairs to support agriculture
and local business.

It makes plans for settlement and market places.
It runs small scale hydroelectricity projects.
It provides clean drinking water to the people in the district.
It constructs schools, temples, roads and bridges in the district.
It organises adult literacy class for providing education to

illiterate adults.

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It establishes parks, cinema halls, libraries, auditorium halls
and other recreation centres.

It preserves the languages, cultures, customs and natural
resources of the district.

It looks after historical, religious and cultural heritage sites in
the district.

It provides scholarship and other educational materials to
diligent and needy students.

EXERCISE

(1) Fill in the blanks.
(a) There are at least ……………. women members in the
district coordination committee.
(b) There are altogether …………... district coordination
committees in Nepal.
(c) The members of the district coordination committee can
remain in their post for ................... years.
(d) The constitution of Nepal has a provision of …………….
levels of government.
(e) The district coordination committee works as per the
.............................. that the legislative prepares.

(2) Rewrite the following sentences correctly.
(a) There are more than one district coordination committees
in each district of Nepal.
(b) The district coordination committee does not coordinate
between rural municipalities and municipalities.

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(c) There are 75 districts in Nepal at present.
(d) There are altogether 15 members in the district

coordination committee.

(3) Answer the following questions.
(a) Who is the chief of your district coordination committee?
(b) Name the body that elects district coordination
committee.
(c) What is the minimum number of women members in the
district coordination committee?
(d) How is district assembly formed?
(e) Write about the formation process of the district
coordination committee in your own words.

(4) Write detail answers to the following questions.
(a) Make a list of any five work of district coordination
committee.
(b) Write any three differences between district assembly
and district coordination committee.

(5) District coordination committee is like a bridge
between the local government and provincial and
federal government. Justify in two points.

100 Civic Sense Approved by Curriculum Development Centre,
Sanothimi, Bhaktapur