Let's Log In Computer Science Book 6 Revised (2078).indd

Vedanta LET’S LOG in Computer Science _ Book 6

Step 5 : Type file name in File Name text box.
Step 6 : Click on Save.
The extension of Excel file is xlsx.

Closing a Workbook

Follow the given steps to close your workbook:

Step 1 : Click on File menu.
Step 2 : Click on Close.

Note: When you try closing a workbook without saving, MS-Excel displays a
message box if you would like to save the file.

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Opening a saved Workbook

Follow the given steps to open any saved
workbook:

Step 1 : Click on File menu and Keyboard Shortcuts:
then Open option. To save a workbook : Ctrl + S
Step 2 : The Open backstage To open a workbook : Ctrl + O
window appears. To exit from MS-Excel : Alt + F4
Step 3 : Click on Recent
Step 4 : document or Click on
Browse button.
The Open dialog box will
appears.
Choose the required file.
Click on Open.

Working in a Spreadsheet

Let us make a spreadsheet of marks obtained by four of your friends in a
Terminal Exam.

Rabina English Nepali Maths Science EPH Computer
Prakash 87 75 65 85 95 85
Sujan 85 98 88 84 96 82
Uttara 65 64 63 52 61 51
90 96 92 85 92 84

You have already entered ‘Rabina’ in cell A2 and her number 87 in column
B2. In the same way,

Now first enter the subjects as follows:
English in cell B1
Nepali in cell C1
Maths in cell D1
Science in cell E1
EPH in cell F1

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Computer in cell G1

Entering data in a spreadsheet

Enter the other names:
Prakash in A3
Sujan in A4
Uttara in A5.
Now enter the marks in the correct cells and save the sheet as

“Result”.

This completes your first spreadsheet.

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Editing Cell

Changing the content presented in the cell of spreadsheet is called editing.
While working with spreadsheet, we have to update some values as well as
characters. For this we have to edit it.

Following steps are used to edit the content of a cell:

Step 1 : Double click on the cell that you want to edit or change the
content.

Step 2 : Edit or type the new value.

Or

Step 1 : Select the required cell.

Step 2 : Press F2 and edit or type the new value.

Making Calculations in Spreadsheets

Calculating Total Marks

The spreadsheet can perform addition, subtraction, multiplication and
division of numbers. But you have to first ‘instruct’ the spreadsheet what
calculations it has to do. This is done by giving formulas.

Formula is written with = (equals to) symbol in the formula bar.

For example, suppose in the spreadsheet ‘result’, you want to find the total
marks obtained by Rabina. You want the total to appear in the cell H2.
You have to instruct the computer to add the data given in cells B2, C2, D2,
E2, F2, and G2, and to give the result in cell H2.

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Therefore, the formula you have to give in the cell H2 is

=B2+C2+D2+E2+F2+G2
You can see the formula in the Formula bar, as well as in the cell H2.
Then, press on Enter.
The computer uses the formula to do the calculation and displays the answer
in cell H2. So, the formula disappears from cell H2 and the total of the
marks obtained by Rabina, i.e. 492, appears. However, the formula can still
be seen on the Formula bar.

Now, enter the formula in cell H3.
In H3, enter the formula to total the marks obtained by Prakash. The
formula is B3+C3+D3+E3+F3+G3.
Remember to put the sign ‘=’ before the formula.

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Copying the Formula

One interesting feature of Excel!

You do not need to type the same formula in every cell of “Total” Column.
You can easily copy the formula for the remaining calculation.

To do this,

1. Select the cell, “H3”. +
2. Bring the mouse pointer on the
Bring your mouse here
lower right corner of the cell “H3”.
3. You will see a bigger plus symbol

on the corner of the selected cell.
4. Click and drag to the cell to “H5”

and release the mouse.

Click and Drag the mouse to H5

5. You will see the calculated total marks in all the cells.

Making Multiplication Tables in a Spreadsheet

You have seen how to enter an addition formula in the spreadsheet.

Now, let us use multiplication to make a multiplication table of 5 on the
spreadsheet. Remember that on computer the sign of multiplication is ‘*’
and not ‘×’. So in the formula, you have to enter ‘*’ for multiplication.

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On a new spreadsheet, type the following. In column B, use the letter
‘×’ to represent the multiplication sign. However, in the formulas use ‘*’ for
multiplication.

ABCDE
1 5 × 1 = A1*C1
2 5 × 2 = A2*C2
3 5 × 3 = A3*C3
4 5 × 4 = A4*C4
5 5 × 5 = A5*C5

You cannot type only “=” (equals sign) in a single cell as it is the beginning
of formula.

So, in D1 type ‘= (type single quote character before = sign)
Remember to put a ‘=’ sign before each formula. Does the spreadsheet give
the correct results as shown?

Changing Values

The formula in cell E2 multiplies whatever is present in cells A2 and C2.
So if you change the value in cell A2 or C2, the value in cell E2 should also
change automatically.

Let us try to change the above table into a table of 7. 107

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Just select the cells of column A one by one and replace 5 by 7 in all of them.
Observe the value change in column E.
Cell E1 now gives 7 × 1, i.e. 7 instead of 5. Similarly, cell E2 now gives 7 ×
2, i.e. 14, instead of 10. The calculation goes on.
This is the benefit of formula. The computer automatically does all the
calculations. In case any value in a cell is changed, it automatically does the
recalculation.

Division on a Spreadsheet

Let us go back to our ‘result’ spreadsheet, and find the percentage obtained by
the 4 students. Percentage is the total marks divided by the total number
of subjects. The total marks that you have already got in your worksheet
are out of 600. The number of subjects is 6. So to find the percentage, you
have to divide the total by 6. Remember that there is no division sign on the
keyboard. Instead you use the sign ‘/’.
Thus 8÷5 is entered as 8/5.
Open the spreadsheet ‘result’. In cell I1, enter Percentage.
Select cell I2. Enter the formula H2/6 and press on Enter.

Remember to put the ‘=’sign before the formula. The cell I2 displays the
percentage marks obtained by Rabina.
Similarly, copy the formula as you have learned earlier.
Does the spreadsheet look as shown now? Save it as ‘result’.

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Preparing a bill

Type the data as given below in a spreadsheet.

Now we have to calculate Total and G. Total (Grand Total)
Calculating the Keyboard price,
Select the cell E2 and type the formula =C2*D2.
Similarly, calculate the Mouse price,
Select the cell E3 and type the formula =C3*D3

To calculate G. Total,
Select the cell E6 and type the formula = E2+E3+E4+E5
Now, you have the spreadsheet as shown below.

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POINTS TO REMEMBER

A spreadsheet is a program that has rows and columns, and deals with
numbers.
The rows are identified by numbers, labelled down as 1,2,3,4,5 … on the left
side of the worksheet in the heading area.
The columns are identified by letters, labelled across the top of the sheet in
the heading area.
A cell is the smallest unit of a worksheet, formed by the intersection of a row
and a column.
Each cell has a unique address formed by the combination of a column letter
and a row number. For example, where row 4 is intersected by the column D,
the cell so formed has the address D4.
A cell pointer is a highlighted cell boundary that specifies which cell is active
at the moment.
A worksheet is in the form of a grid. It is made up of rows and columns.
A workbook is a collection of worksheets.

Exercise

1. Answer the following questions:

a) What is spreadsheet application? Give some examples.
b) What is the difference between entering a formula and entering data?
c) Define worksheet and workbook.
d) What is cell pointer?

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2. State whether the following statements are True or False:

a) Rows are identified by letters.

b) Columns are identified by numbers.

c) Formula must start with ‘+’ symbol.

d) Collection of workbooks is a worksheet.

e) Cell address is formed by the combination of a column letter
and a row number.

f) / symbol is used for division in Excel.

3. Match the following: Group ‘B’
i) Ctrl + V
Group ‘A’ ii) A2+A1
a) Addition iii) 87
b) Subtraction iv) A3*B3
c) Multiplication v) D5
d) Division vi) Ctrl + C
e) Constant Value vii) B2/B3
f) Cell Address viii) A2-A3
g) Copy
h) Paste

Lab Activitiy - I 111

1. Working with data in a Spreadsheet

Open a new Microsoft Excel Spreadsheet
Enter the following information:
a) Type "January" in Cell A1, press on TAB
b) Type "February" in Cell B1, press on TAB
c) Type "March" in Cell C1, press on TAB

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2. Selecting Ranges

Practice holding your left mouse button to select a range (block) of cells.
Select A1 through C1

3. Formatting Cells

Format the labels in Cell A1 through C1: Bold
In Cell D1 type: TOTAL
Format the text in Cell D1: Bold, Centered, and Blue

4. Save your spreadsheet and name it: Activity-1.

Lab Activitiy - II

Complete the questions listed below and fill the table by asking your
classmates.

S. No. Name Ice creams Fruits Chocolates Milk
1.
2.
...........
...........
...........

Total

a) What is your name?
b) How many ice creams do you eat in a week?
c) How many fruits do you eat in a week?
d) How many chocolates do you eat in a week?
e) How many glasses of milk do you drink in a week?

Calculate the total of each column except the Name column.

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Lesson Introduction to
Presentation Software
10

Presentation Presentation

Presentation is an activity in which
someone shows, describes, or explains
something to the audience or learner.
A colorful presentation containing text,
pictures (graphics), animation, sound, and
visual document engages the viewers, and
makes it more appealing and interesting.

Presentation Application

Google Slides Prezi MS-PowerPoint Apple Keynote Libre Office Impress

A presentation application is a software that is used to display information
in the form of a slide show. The presentation tells a story or supports speech
or the presentation of information. Some popular presentation applications
are Microsoft PowerPoint, Google Slides, Prezi, Libre Office Impress, Apple
Keynote, etc.

MS-PowerPoint MS-PowerPoint

Microsoft PowerPoint is a popular program used to create
presentation on computer. It is a part of the MS-Office
package. It has many features that help you to create a
presentation quickly and easily.

A PowerPoint presentation consists of many pages called

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slides. Slides contain information in the form of text, images, sound, and
videos. These are organised and formatted using various MS-PowerPoint
features. When these slides are shown one after another in a series, it is
called a slide show of the presentation.

Features of MS-PowerPoint

We can create attractive slides for an impressive presentation.
We can add text, graphics, charts, audio, and video on the slides.
It allows us to animate different elements of slides.
It allows us to present the slides in full screen.
It has the same text and paragraph formatting features of MS-Word.
We can save, open, and print the presentation slides.

How to Open MS-PowerPoint

First Method

Click here to run MS-PowerPoint

Windows Search Box

Step 1 : On Windows desktop, click on Search Windows icon.
Step 2 : Find Windows Search Box.
Step 3 : In the search box, type powerpoint.

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Click on powerpoint 2016 (or other version) option in
the search results.

Second Method

Click here to run PowerPoint

Start Button

Step 1 : Click on Start button.
Step 2 : Scroll down the list of installed apps.
Step 3 : Click on PowerPoint 2016 (or other version of MS-
PowerPoint)

Alternative Method to Run MS-Word

Step 1 : Press on Windows Key and R at the same time. Run window
appears.
Step 2 : Type ‘powerpnt’ as shown in the figure above.
Step 3 : Finally, click on OK button.

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MS-PowerPoint Window

2

1

46 5

7

MS- PowerPoint Window

1 File Tab : This tab appears on the upper-left corner. Clicking
on this button displays a menu to create a new
2 Quick Access : file, open a file, save a file, etc.
This toolbar appears above File Tab. This
3 Title bar : Toolbar contains buttons for the most commonly
used commands, such as Save, Undo, and Redo.
4 Slides tab : It is displayed at the top of the PowerPoint
windows. It displays the name of the presentation
5 Slides pane : currently open. To the right side of the title
bar, there are buttons – Minimize, Maximize/
Restore, and Close.
It displays the thumbnails (very small images) of
all the slides. You can click on the thumbnail to
view the slide in the Slides pane.
A slide is displayed in the slide pane at the center
of the PowerPoint window.

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7 Slide Show :
It is a dotted rectangular box on a slide that holds
text, images, etc.
It is used to display the slides in full screen.

Creating a Presentation

Follow the given steps to create a new presentation:

Step 1 : Run MS-PowerPoint. The MS-PowerPoint screen appears.

Step 2 : Click on Blank Presentation (or you can choose any other
built-in themes, too).

A new presentation with a blank slide opens in the PowerPoint screen.

Adding Text on a Slide

To add text in a placeholder,

Step 1 : Click inside the Placeholder
placeholder

Step 2 : Type your text

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Working with Text

In a PowerPoint presentation, text can be edited or formatted very similar
to the way it is done in MS-Word. The first step to edit or format text as a
slide is selecting the text. To select the text, place the cursor next to the text
and drag the mouse over it. A highlighted box appears over the selected text.

Modifying Font

To change the font, its size, style, color or case, use the different buttons in
the Font group of the Home tab.

Increase font size

Select a font from the list to Decrease font size
change font size

Select a font from the Click to remove
list to change font formatting

Click to make the Click to change the
selected text Bold colour of the text

Click to make the Click to change case
selected text Italics (Small or Capital Letters)

Click to underline Click for Character Spacing

Click to apply Text Shadow

Bold : Ctrl + B
Italics : Ctrl + I
Underline : Ctrl + U
Increase Font Size : Ctrl + Shift + >
Decrease Font Size : Ctrl + Shift + <
Change Case : Shift + F3

Adding New Slides

You can add as many slides as you want in your presentation. Follow the
given steps to add a slide:

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Step 2 :
Click on Home tab.
Step 3 : In the Slides group, click
on the down arrow of the
New Slide button. The
Office Theme dialog box
appears in which different
layouts are displayed.
Select the Layout you
want. The new slide with
the selected layout is
displayed both on the Slides tab and the Slides pane.

To add new slide, use Ctrl + M

Deleting a Slide

You can delete unwanted slides from your presentation. For this, first select
the slide from the slides tab and press on Delete or Backspace key.

Adding Pictures on a Slide

You can add pictures on a slide to make your
presentation more informative and attractive.

Inserting a Picture from a File

Follow the given steps to insert a picture
on a slide:

Step 1 : Click on Insert tab.

Step 2 : In on Images group,
click Picture

Step 3 : The Insert Picture
dialog box appears.

Step 4 : Locate the picture that
you want to insert and
then click on Insert.

In the same way, we can also insert online pictures on our slide.

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Applying a Theme

A theme is a predefined combination of colors, fonts, and effects that can be
applied to your presentation. MS-PowerPoint provides many beautiful built-
in themes that allow you to easily create professional-looking presentations
without spending a lot of time formatting. Follow the given steps to apply a
theme to your slides:

Step 1 : Click on Design tab. More button to list more
Step 2 : In the Themes group, click on
themes.

Step 3 : Click on the theme of your choice.
The selected theme is applied to your slides.

Saving Your Presentation Save button

Follow the given steps to save your presentation: Quick Access Toolbar

Step 1 : Click on File tab and click on Save option..

Or

Click on Save button on Quick Access
Toolbar.

Save As backstage view appears.

Step 2 : Click on Browse.
Step 3 : Save As dialog box appears.
Step 4 : Select the drive and folder of your choice
Step 5 : In File name text box, type the file name.
Step 6 : Click on Save. By default, MS PowerPoint
2016 saves a file with extension .pptx.

File tab

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When you save the presentation for the first time using the
Save option, Save As backstage view appears.
If you modify the old presentation and want to save under the
same name, click on Save from File tab.
If you want to save the old presentation file under new name,
click on Save As from File tab.

Closing your Presentation

Follow the given steps to close your presentation:

Step 1 : Click on File tab and click on Close
option.

Step 2 : Save your file if not saved.

Opening your Presentation Close option from File tab

Follow the given steps to open your presentation file:

Step 1 : Click on File tab and click on click Open
option. Open dialog box appears.

Step 2 : Select the folder and file of your choice.

Step 3 : Click on Open.

Slide Show

Now, you can create and add a new slide to your
presentation. You can include a series of slides to tell a
story or give information about any topics.

MS-PowerPoint gives you the option of presenting a Open option from File tab
series of slides in full screen, which is called a slide
show. In a slide show, all the slides in your presentation are displayed one
by one.

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A slide show can be started in one of the following ways:
Press on F5.
Click on Slide Show icon at the bottom of the window
Click on Slide Show tab. Click on From Beginning.

Press ESC key to stop slide show anytime.
Press ENTER key to go to the next slide.

POINTS TO REMEMBER

A presentation is an activity to show, describe, or explain something to the
audience or learner.

A presentation application is a software that is used to display information in
the form of a slide show.

Some popular presentation applications are Microsoft PowerPoint, Google
Slides, Prezi, Libre Office Impress, Apple Keynote, etc.

Microsoft PowerPoint is a popular presentation application developed by
Microsoft Corporation. It is a part of the MS-Office package.

A PowerPoint presentation consists of many pages called slides.

A theme is a predefined combination of colors, fonts, and effects that can be
applied to your presentation.

Slide show is the option of presenting a series of slides in full screen.

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xercise

1. Answer the following questions:

a) Define the term "Presentation."
b) What are the steps to create a slide in MS-PowerPoint?
c) Define the term "Theme". Which tab do you click on to apply a theme to a slide?
d) Write any two ways in which you can run a slide show.
e) Write down any three features of MS-PowerPoint.

2. State whether the following statements are True or False:

a) Presentation is the way of showing information to the audience.

b) Only text and images can be presented using PowerPoint.

c) To run MS-PowerPoint, type ‘PowerPoint’ in the Run dialog box.
d) A Theme is a predefined layout with selected fonts, colors

and style.
e) To move to the next slide, click on the Previous Slide button at the

bottom of the vertical scroll bar.

f) Keyboard shortcut to get the Open dialog box is CTRL+O.
g) In a slide show, all the slides in your presentation are displayed

one by one on a screen.

3. Match the Keyboard shortcuts to their functions.

Group A Group B
(a) F5 (i) Next Slide
(b) Shift + F3 (ii) Stop Slide Show
(c) Ctrl + Shift + > (iii) Slide Show
(d) Windows Key + R (iv) Increase Font Size
(e) Enter (v) Run Window
(f) Esc (vi) Change Case

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Lab Activities

Task 1#

Create a folder named "Grade6_presentation" in local drive (D: or E: or F:) and
save all your presentation files in the folder.

Task 2#

Make a PowerPoint Presentation on Children's Day. Create few slides. On the
first slide, write your name (presenter's name) and class, Section, and Roll
Number. On the second slide, write "Happy Children's Day" and on the last
slide, write "Thank you." The Text for each slide should be colorful.

Task 3#

It is Teacher’s Day. Make an attractive presentation on all the teachers in your
school. The slides may also contain messages from students to the teacher they
admire most. Let each student prepare two slides and then put together all the
slides to make a complete presentation.

Task 4#

Create a PowerPoint slide on the topic “Best Places I visited” explaining about
the places that you have visited. Put a different background color to each slide.

Task 5#

Choose any topic from any of other subjects (like 'Force' in Science) and prepare
PowerPoint slides (at least 10) explaining the topic and present it in the presence
of respective subject teacher.

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Lesson ICT, Cyber Ethics and
Computer Virus
11

Introduction of ICT

The last few decades have witnessed a tremendous and phenomenal growth
in the field of Information and Communication Technology (ICT).
People can communicate in real-time with others in different countries
using technology, such as instant messaging, voice over internet protocol
(VOIP), and video-conferencing. Social networking websites like Facebook,
Twitter, YouTube, and Instagram allow users from all over the world to
remain in contact and communicate on a regular basis. When the accurate
information reaches to the concerned people on time, it plays vital role in
the development of a country.

computer laptop tablet satellite phone

mobile phone transport systems radio television

ICT Stands for “Information and Communication Technology.” It covers all
forms of computer, communications equipment, and software used to create,
design, store, transmit, interpret, and manipulate information in its various

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formats. Personal computers, laptops, tablets, mobile phones, satellite
phones, transport systems, radio, televisions, and network technologies are
just some examples of ICT tools.

Uses of ICT

ICTs are used in many sectors some of them are :

Education Computer in Education

In education, teachers, students,
researchers, and school
administrators can get benefits
from the usage of ICT. The role
of ICT in education is becoming
more and more important and
the importance continues to
grow. ICT has been used in the
education sector for the following
reasons:

To use images in teaching and to improve the retentive memory of
students.
To explain complex instructions easily and ensure students
understanding.
To improve the quality of teaching and learning.
To create interactive classes and make the lessons more enjoyable.

Health Computer in Health

ICT plays an important role in
medicine and health care. It helps
in finding the possible prevention
measures to eradicate and reduce
the spread of diseases. Through
ICT, the data can be transferred
to the patient or to the doctors for
consultation. The patient can have
medical records in hand which can
be used anywhere, anytime via
email or websites.

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Business

ICT is used in business in several ways. It
is a key input to productivity and growth
performance in the business sector. Some
of these sectors include administration,
production, security, marketing, research
and communication. ICT has been used
in the business sector for the following
reasons:

To save time and reduce the risks of Computer in Business
errors.

To get quick access to business information.

To provide better customer service.

To carry out market research and analyse more quickly.

To collect information of competitors price more easily.

To give new forms of advertising.

Banking Computer in Banking

In the banking sector, customers,
businessman, and bank administrator get
benefits from the usage of ICT. It helps
bank personnel operate organizations
more efficiently and effectively. ICTs are
used to track certain transactions and they
help process other customer information
as well. Without ICT, it would be very hard
for a bank to offer good customer service.
ICT has been used in the banking sector
for the following reasons:

To read and verify checks.
To count notes and keep records of account details.
To provide computerized telephone and manage internet banking
services.
To provide electronic banking service through Automated Teller
Machine (ATM).
To print statements as well as other notices to customers.

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To carry out financial transactions and the use of smart cards.
To monitor the entire banking activities.

Cybercrime and Cyber Law

Cybercrime is defined as a crime in which a computer is the object of the
crime (hacking, damaging information, stealing information) or is used as
a tool to commit an offence. Cybercriminals may use computer technology
to access personal information,
business trade secrets or use
the internet for exploitive or
malicious purposes. Criminals
who perform these illegal
activities are often referred to
as hackers. Where Cyber law
is a term used to describe the
legal issues related to the use
of communication technology,
and to protect the Internet and
other online communication
technologies. Generically, cyber
Cyber Crime

law has been referred to as the
Law of the Internet. Cyber law is the part of the overall legal system that
deals with the Internet, cyberspace, and their respective legal issues.

Computer Ethics

Computers are everywhere today. They are used at homes, in business or
in commercial areas, and in schools. Day by day, the benefits of computer
and internet are increasing and everyone is interested in studying about
computer. So, impacts of computer are also increasing. Most of the people
use computer for good purposes and a few also use it for bad purposes. SUch
people steal data and information, destroy data and information. They
conduct other illegal activities or cybercrime. Computer ethics deals with
use of computer systematically for good purposes.

Computer Ethics is a set of moral principles that handle the use of
computers systematically without causing harm to other users. It is also
known as cyber ethics or Internet ethics. It gives awareness to the
computer users not to use computers for stealing, damaging, destroying, and

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performing computer crimes. Ten important commandments of computer
ethics are:

a) Do not use a computer to harm other people.
b) Do not search the file or record of other people.
c) Do not use computer to publish fake information.
d) Do not destroy or delete the records of other people.
e) Do not use computer to steal someone’s private data.
f) Do not interfere with other people’s computer work.
g) Do not snoop around in other people’s files.
h) Do not use or copy software for which you have not paid for.
i) Do not use other people’s computer resources without authorization.
j) Always use computer in certain ways that show consideration and
respect.

Computer Virus

A computer virus is a program developed by programmer
like other programs. It is a harmful program that
disturbs the normal functioning of computer. It corrupts
or deletes data, information, and other useful programs
of computer. Computer virus is a human-made
destructive program that harms data, information,
programs and interrupts the normal operation of a Computer Virus

computer. It has capability to duplicate itself by making copies of itself
without the knowledge of the user.

Viruses can hide themselves in other useful files. They can transfer
themselves from one computer to another computer through different
sources like pen drive, hard disk, compact disc, other storage devices, and
the internet.

How does a virus spread and infect your computer?

The most common mode of virus transfer is through the usage of infected
memory, storage devices (Pen drive, External Hard Drive, CD, DVD) and

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the unprotected Internet. Some viruses can infect
the system if we boot (start) our computer with an
infected disk. Others can infect the system when
we copy a file from an infected disk. Sometimes,
when we are downloading a file from the Internet
or accessing data or programs on a network, viruses
can enter into our computer system. The chances
of virus infection are reduced if we install genuine
software and do not exchange disks with others.

Once a virus enters into the system, it tries to remain hidden and
corrupts the operating system. It also tries to locate other computers within
a network, and attack them. The virus constantly tries to infect as many
systems. A virus generally infects computers in a network by attaching
copies of itself to computer. Some viruses are programmed to strike at a
present date and time.

Symptoms of Computer Virus

When a computer is infected with a virus, it shows different symptoms in
the computer. Some symptoms of computer viruses are given below:

a) The computer works slower.
b) The virus modifies, corrupts, or destroys selected files.
c) Program files and folders are hidden from computer.
d) Programs run automatically without any instructions.
e) Viruses change the size of files.
f) If frequently displays error messages.
g) Sometimes the computer may not boot and hang quickly.
h) If erases the contents of entire disks.

Removing a Computer Virus

You can make computer system free from viruses or remove viruses using
antivirus software. Antivirus software is a program that prevents and
cleans up computer viruses, which may attempt to infect your computer
system. It scans downloaded files as well as your entire computer system

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in order to detect the presence of an infection. There are many antivirus
programs. Some of the popular antivirus programs are Bitdefender, Norton
Antivirus, F-Secure, Kaspersky, Webroot SecureAnywhere, and ESET
NOD32.

Some Antivirus software

Security Measures of Computer Virus

The spreading of computer virus can be prevented through the practice of
safety measurements. The following are the list of dos and don’ts to protect
computer.

We should not open an e-mail attachment from an unknown sender.
Install a reputable and updated anti-virus program and run it
frequently at regular intervals.
We should not use illegal or pirated software because they may contain
viruses.
Always keep at least one set of back-up copies of all original disks. This
helps in the recovery process in case of there is virus infection in your
computer.
Always keep a lookout for any unusual behaviour that the computer
might show.

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POINTS TO REMEMBER

ICT covers all forms of computer, communication equipments, and software.

In education, teachers, students, researchers, and school administrators
befits from the usage of ICT.

ICT plays an important role in medicine and health care field.

ICT enable businesses to operate more efficiently.

In the banking, customers, businessman, and bank administrator benefits
from the usage of ICT.

Cybercrime is defined as a crime in which a computer is the object or tool of
the crime.

Computer Ethics is a set of moral principles that handle the use of computers
systematically without causing harm to other users.

Computer virus is a human-made harmful program that destroys data,
information, programs, and interrupts the normal operation of a computer.

Cybercrime is any criminal act carried out via computers. Cybercrime is a
growing problem.

Exercise

1. State whether the following statements are True or False:

a) ICT does not help to improve the quality of teaching and learning.

b) The most widely used ICT machines in health care fields is
computer.

c) ICT is used to carry out financial transactions and the use of
smart cards.

d) Computer viruses are destructive in nature.

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e) The illegal copying of a program is called piracy.
f) Internet is also source of computer viruses.
g) We should keep our password a secret.

2. Fill in the blanks:

a) ICT stands for ................................................. .
b) ICT helps to provide electronic banking service through .................................... .
c) Examples of social networking websites are .......................................... .
d) .......................... is a set of moral principles that handle the use of computers.
e) Computer ethics deals with using of computer ................................. for good

purposes.
f) Cybercrime is defined as a ............................. in which computer is an object or

a tool of the crime.
g) ATM stands for .......................................... .
h) ............................. is a program that prevents and cleans up computer viruses.

3. Answer the following questions:

a) What is ICT?
b) Write the uses of ICT in the education sector.
c) What is computer ethics?
d) Write any four commandments of computer ethics.
e) Define cyber-crime and cyber law.
f) What is a computer virus?
g) How does a computer virus spread in a computer system? Explain.
h) Explain any four effects of a computer virus infection.
i) List out some security measures to protect your computer from virus.
j) What is an antivirus program? Give any four examples of antivirus program.

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4. Complete the crossword puzzle with the help of given clues.

ACROSS Law of Internet
2 Harmful program
5

DOWN A secret word or phrase
1 A program that prevents and cleans up computer viruses
3 Electronic banking service
4

12 3

4
5

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Lesson Introduction to
Internet and Browsing
12

What is Internet? Internet

Internet is an informal term for the world-wide 135
communication network of computers.
Internet is used to send information quickly between
computers around the world. It has millions of smaller
domestic, academic, business, and government
networks and websites, which together carry many
different kinds of information (facts and details) and
services. So in other words, Internet is a network of
networks.

Uses of the Internet

You can do the following in Internet:
You can search for any kind of information on Internet
regarding science, arts, history, geography, music, and
videos. This is also known as Web browsing.

Perform banking transactions
Chat with your friends anywhere in the world.
Obtain up-to-date news on world events
Search for information on any topic
Access entertainment including music, games,
TV, movies, and pictures
Buy and sell products
Share files and pictures.

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Identify the Requirements for an Internet Connection

Connecting to Internet requires
specific hardware and services.
You need to have a computer and
a connection device, such as a
modem. Service is provided by an
Internet service provider (ISP). Let’s
look at what is required to connect
to Internet.

Computer/Laptop/Tablet or mobile device, such as a cell phone, a smart
phone.
Internet Hardware: Router/Switch or Modem
Internet services from ISP (Internet Service Provider) like NTC.
Web Browser

Some Internet Terms

Web Browser

A web browser, or simply "browser," is an application used to access and
view websites. Common Web browsers include Mozilla Firefox, Google
Chrome, Microsoft Edge, Safari, Opera, and Brave.

Google Chrome Microsoft Edge Mozilla Firefox Opera Safari Brave

136 Web Browser

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Web Page

A Web page is an individual page that collectively forms a complete website.
These pages contain text, graphics, audio, video, and links to other
pages.

Website

A website is a collection of one or more related Web pages, linked together
through hyperlinks. A website is similar to a magazine but the contents
are only available in digital form. Moving from one website to another is
called net surfing.

Home Page

The opening page of a website is called Home page. This page also works as
an index to the rest of the website.

Links

This is special text (words) or images on a Web page that lead us to the
target Web page when clicked on them. Usually these words are in different
color. Mouse pointer changes to a pointing finger. when moved over a link.

URL

Uniform Resource Locator is the address of the web contents. Most addresses
start with http://www. Or https://www.

Internet Service Provider

To get an Internet connection, you need a subscription from any ISP for
which you have to pay some amount. Some of the ISPs in Nepal are:

Nepal Telecom
Worldlink
Vianet
Classic Tech
Subisu

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How do students use Internet?

Here is a list of how students use Internet.

Downloading movies and songs.

Research and project works.

Finding pictures for hobbies, projects, and your own interest.

Email, sending messages to pen friends, and keeping in touch with
family.

Talking to friends on your personal network.

Kids site chat rooms.

Interactive projects at school.

Looking at school sites.

Making your own web site.

International internet projects.

Social networking sites.

Blogs. Use of Internet

Browsing in Internet

Browsing means flipping pages. On the Web, this is made possible with a
Web browser. Browsers are basically software programs that allow you to
search for and view various kinds of information on the Web that may have
text, images, audio, and video.

To open any Web browser like Mozilla Firefox, Google Chrome,
Microsoft Edge, Safari, Opera or Brave:

Open the Run Window by simply clicking on Windows Icon and 'R'
at the same time and type ‘firefox.’
The Firefox Web browser appears on the screen.

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Back Button New Tab Google Search

31 4 6

Address Bar

5

Stop loading / Refresh

To open Google Chrome:
Open Run Window by simply clicking on Windows Icon and 'R' at
the same time and type ‘chrome’.

Chrome Web browser appears on the screen.

Search Engine

Search engine is a special website that allows the user to enter a keyword

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or keywords to find the appropriate information. Based on the keywords,
search engines display a list of website that have the related information.

Examples of search engines include the following:
Google (www.google.com)
Yahoo! Search (www.yahoo.com)
Microsoft Bing (www.bing.com)
For the school students, an important search engine is “KidRex.” It

provides the list of websites suitable for school students.

www.kidrex.org

Home page of Kidrex

Netiquette

The word netiquette is a combination of 'net' (from internet) and 'etiquette'.
It means respecting other users' views and displaying common courtesy
while doing online activities.

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Some Essential Netiquette Rules

i) Never Share Personal Information
ii) Think before you Post
iii) Avoid Passing on Rumours
iv) Don’t Get Involved with Cyber Bullying
v) Double Check your Privacy Settings
vi) Treat Others with Respect
vii) Keep Everyone’s Privacy
viii) Help Others

Safety on Internet

Internet is a wonderful place. It can be used for many purposes. No doubt,
it has many advantages; yet, it can also be a very scary place. Keep the
following safety tips in mind when you use Internet.

Do not give out personal information on Internet like your address,
telephone number, parents' work place and address, location of your
school, etc. without your parents’ permission.
Do not make unknown people friends on Instagram or Facebook.
Do not chat with unknown people.
Share your online activities with your parents.
Do not send your picture or anything else to anyone online without
first checking with your parents.
You should tell your parents right away if you come across any
information that makes you feel uncomfortable.

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POINTS TO REMEMBER

Internet is a Network of Networks that connects millions of computers all over
the world.
We can search for any kind of information on Internet.
Internet Service Provider is a company that gives us access to Internet.
Web Page is a document that contains text, graphics, sounds, animations, etc.
to produce some information.
Website is a collection of Web pages.
The first page of any website is known as the home page or index page.
The underlined text on a Web page that leads us to some other Web page is
called a link.
Uniform Resource Locator (URL) is the address of a Web page.
A browser is a program that enables you to search and retrieve information on
the World Wide Web.
Popular browsers are Mozilla Firefox, Google Chrome, Microsoft Edge, Safari,
Opera, and Brave.
Search Engine is a website to search for various topics on Internet.

Exercise

1. State whether the following statements are True or False:

a) Internet stands for International Network.
b) A Web page can contain text, images, audio, and video.
c) Google Chrome is an example of a search engine.

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d) You can only have one Web page open at any one time.

e) Search engines make it harder to find information on Internet.
f) You can search for specific types of information like images

and maps.
g) You must have an Internet Service Provider to connect to

the Internet.

h) WiFi connections only permit one connection at a time.
i) You can listen to music or watch videos saved on your

computer but not from Internet.

j) A Website is a collection of Web pages.

k) You can give your personal information to anyone you meet online.

2. Fill in the blanks.

a) Moving from one website to another is called .....................................
b) The opening page of a website is called .....................................
c) Single unit of a website is called .....................................
d) Combination of 'net' and 'etiquette' is .....................................
e) Google chrome is an example of a .....................................

3. Write one word for the following:

a) It provides an Internet service. .................................

b) It is a program used to locate and display Web pages. .................................

c) It is the collection of one or more related Web pages. .................................

d) It is a Website that searches for the information on .................................
Internet based on the keywords provided.

e) Special set of manners to be followed when using .................................
the Internet.

4. Answer the following questions.

a) Define the term “Internet”.
b) What are the uses of Internet?
c) What is a Web Browser? Name any two popular web browser’s name.
d) Name any two ISPs in Nepal.

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e) What is a search engine? Give any two examples.

f) What is netiquette? Write any 4 netiquette rules.

g) Write down any 4 safety measures while using the Internet.

5. In the LAB

a) The social studies teacher has asked you to collect information about
“Rhinoceros” from Internet and make a presentation of 4 to 6 slides. Prepare the
presentation using internet and also write the addresses of the websites used
for this purpose.

b) One of your friends wants to buy a Pen drive. Help him to find different information
about the storage and brand of different pen drive using Internet. Also, write a
small note about the information in MS Word.

c) One of your friends wants to learn how to cook Rice pudding. Help her to find the
recipe of cooking Rice pudding using Internet.

d) Prepare a list of search engines using Internet.

e) One of your friends wants to learn about different Web browsers. Help him to
find different Web browsers and suggest him to use the best one using Internet.

f) Prepare an article on “Internet Safety.” Using Internet, find some information
about the topic and include in your article. Also, mention the name of the website
you visited.

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Lesson

13 Computer Graphics

Introduction

An important area in computer
applications is Computer Graphics.
The term Computer Graphics includes
everything that is presented through
images. Today almost every computer
can do some graphics, and people are able
to control their computer through icons
and pictures rather than just by typing.
Graphics give visual feedback to the user.
Computer Graphics

Hence, it is considered an important
component in communication. Images vary from line drawings to the
complex 2-D/3-D animated graphics.

Drawing

Drawing is simply a picture or diagram that has
been created on a plane surface using a pencil,
pen or crayon. In drawing, you can present your
creative visual art using various instruments
by making pictures on a surface. Nowadays,
we use computers for the purpose of drawing.
Drawing

Varieties of Software programs are developed to
draw simple to complex pictures. Let us discuss further about the MS-Paint
software used for drawing in computer.

MS-Paint

MS-Paint is a computer program developed by Microsoft
Corporation used to draw, color, and edit pictures. We can use
MS-Paint like a digital sketchpad to make simple pictures and
creative projects, or to add text and designs to other pictures,
such as those taken with our digital camera.

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MS-Paint is a painting program that can be used by beginners to learn

the basics of painting software. Many graphics software applications like
Adobe Photoshop use the same basic principles that can be learned using
MS-Paint.

How to Open MS-Paint

1. On Windows desktop, click on Search Windows icon.
2. Find the Windows Search Box.
3. In the search box, type paint.
4. Click on Paint option in the search results.

Click here to run Paint

146 Windows Search Box
Search Window

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An Alternative Method to Run Paint

Step 1 : Press on Windows Key and R at the same time. Run window
appears.
Step 2 : Type ‘mspaint’ as shown in the figure above.
Step 3 : Finally click on OK button.

Paint Window

Paint window has two parts:

1. Ribbon

Tabs Tools Group Color Group
Title Bar

Ribbon provides us with the different tools with which we can draw various
shapes and color them.

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2. Canvas

Canvas

This is the area where you draw
pictures.

The Canvas

When Paint launches, you see a white “canvas” appears on the screen.
Imagine this canvas as a piece of paper for you to draw or write on. You can
adjust the size of the canvas before you start to draw and color the pictures
in this area.

The Title Bar

At the left end of the Title Bar
,the first item shows a little paint
palette. If clicked on, this button
opens a standard window menu,
offering Restore, Move, Size, The Title bar

Minimize, Maximize, and Close. You are unlikely to want to use this
menu since all of those things can be done in quicker ways.

The next four items make up Quick Access Bar, offering buttons for Save,
Undo, Redo, and Customize.

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The Menu Bar

The Menu bar has three items on The Menu Bar
the left and a Help button at the
far right.

The File Tab

When you click on File tab, several sub-menus
appear from which your can do different things
such as Open, Save, Print, Exit, etc.

Home Tab The File Tab

For nearly everything you do, you want the Home
tab to be at the front. The Home tab contains the
Ribbon, from which tools and colours are selected.
When you use View tab, you can flick back and
forth between Home and View as often as you
need to.

View Tab

Click on View tab to bring it to the front and you find a whole set of useful
options available.

View Tab

Zoom in and Zoom out tools can be clicked on repeatedly to get a closer or
more distant view.
100% option is handy when you complete working in a very zoomed in
view. You come back to normal in a single click.
On Show or Hide part of this tab, you have the option of hiding the status
bar. Do not hide it. The status bar can be useful.

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Gridlines are convenient if you want to align shapes accurately.
Rulers? If you like, turn them on and see what you think.
On Display section, you can click for Full Screen View. You can also get
a Full Screen View by hitting F11. In either case, come back to a normal
view by pressing the Esc key.
Start drawing with MS-Paint Tools
Paint contains a helpful collection of drawing tools. You can use these tools
to create freehand drawings and add a variety of shapes to your pictures.

Using Shapes

Click on Home tab.

You see Shapes group. Here you can find many
buttons to draw different shapes.

Choose the appropriate color from the
Colors group.

Select the desired shape from Shapes Shapes group
group.

Drag your mouse to the drawing area and release the mouse.

Using Text Tool

Click on the Home tab.

Click on the Text tool of Tools
group.

Click on the drawing area.

Text tools Text Tab

Note: After clicking on the drawing area, a dotted rectangle appears. Also, you see
Text tab under Text tools in the menu bar.

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