KEDAH SULTANATE MUSEUM
FIRST PRINT, 2024 All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be republished or stored in any form that can be retrieved or distributed in any form with any method whatsoever, including electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or others, without prior permission from the publisher. Perpustakaan Negara Malaysia Cataloguing-in-Publication Data Muzium Kesultanan Negeri Kedah Lembaga Muzium Negeri Kedah ISBN 978-983-318-3050 1. Lorem Ipsum is simply 2. Lorem Ipsum is simply 3. Lorem Ipsum is simply 4. Lorem Ipsum is simply PUBLISHING COMMITTEE Author His Royal Highness The Sultan of Kedah Publisher & Copyright Lembaga Muzium Negeri Kedah Lebuhraya Darul Aman, Bakar Bata 05100 Alor Setar, Kedah Darul Aman. Tel: +604 733 1162 Fax +604 730 5100 Email [email protected] Royal Advisors Dato’ Paduka Haji Bakar bin Din Mohd Sofwan bin Mohd Khatib Muhammad Aiman Amsyar bin Illias Muhammad Annas bin Baharudin Mohd Ashraf bin Abdul Wahab Editorial Board Dato’ Seri Haji Norizan bin Khazali Suhaidi bin Shukri Writer Rahimah bt Mat Designer & Layout Mohd Rashidi bin Ishak Mohd Fauzi bin Salikun Collections Mohd Hafifi bin Abdul Wahab Photographer Mohd Akiff bin Azhar Nasir bin Md. Jelani Proofing Muhammad Izzat Helmi bin Muhd Raffe
iii PREFACE iv FOREWORD v PROLOGUE 1 HISTORY OF THE KEDAH SULTANATE 2 PORTRAIT OF THE KEDAH SULTANATE SULTAN AHMAD TAJUDDIN HALIM SHAH II The 22nd Sultan of Kedah 1804-1845 SULTAN ABDUL HAMID HALIM SHAH The 26th Sultan of Kedah 1882-1943 SULTAN BADLISHAH The 27th Sultan of Kedah 1943-1958 SULTAN ABDUL HALIM MUADZAM SHAH The 28th Sultan of Kedah 1958-2017 HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS AL AMINUL KARIM SULTAN SALEHUDDIN IBNI ALMARHUM SULTAN BADLISHAH The 29th Sultan of Kedah Darul Aman 2017 - Present 3 CAPITAL CITIES OF KEDAH STATE GOVERNMENT 4 GENEALOGY OF THE KEDAH SULTANATE 5 MEMBERS OF THE KEDAH ROYAL FAMILY 6 POWERS OF HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS THE SULTAN EXCERPTS FROM THE CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE OF KEDAH DARUL AMAN 7 INSTALLATION Installation Ceremony of The 29th Sultan of Kedah The Installation of His Royal Highness The Sultan of Kedah According To The Constitution of Kedah Darul Aman 8 INSTALLATION CEREMONIES Proclamation Initiation of Duties Ceremony Visit To The Graves Ceremony Royal Cleansing Ceremony Recitation of Yasin Friday Prayer Ceremony Royal Parade Procession & Guard-of-Honour Ceremony Installation Ceremony State Banquet 10 HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS AND THE SUBJECTS Contents
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Kedah Sultanate Museum The Kedah Sultanate Collections • Kedah Sultanate Museum 5 Preface Bismillahirahmanirrahim Congratulations to the State Museum Board for successfully realising my wish to see a book with ‘coffee table’ concept, specifically on the Sultanate Museum. I am very pleased because the content fulfills my desire, which is related to the coverage of the exhibition, including the history of the sultanate, the genealogy of the Kedah sultanate, and the royal collections. I am very proud of the history of the Sultanate of Kedah, which has been proven through a long lineage and a colourful history. The Sultanate of Kedah is very interesting to explore, learn and research. I believe that even though only parts of these collections are published, people can still appreciate, learn, or study them to unravel various stories from them. In addition to becoming a valuable treasure for future generations, I hope that more books on Kedah’s history can be published since I feel that there are still many things that need to be explored and studied so that more information can be disseminated. Finally, once again, i’m congratulate the Kedah State Museum Board for successfully publishing ‘The Kedah Sultanate Collections’. His Royal Highness Sultan Al Aminul Karim Sultan Sallehuddin Ibni Almarhum Sultan Badlishah Sultan of Kedah Darul Aman
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Kedah Sultanate Museum The Kedah Sultanate Collections • Kedah Sultanate Museum 7 Foreword Bismillahirrahmanirahim Assalamualaikum warahmatullahi wabarakatuh I would like to take this opportunity to express my admiration for the efforts and interest shown by His Royal Highness Tuanku Sultan in ensuring the sustainability of the heritage, culture, and history of Kedah. It is my understanding that ‘The Kedah Sultanate Collections’ is the brainchild of Tuanku Sultan. This display of His Royal Highness Tuanku Sultan’s passion for history and heritage should be emulated by the people. I would also like to convey my congratulations to the staff of the Kedah State Museum Board, who have worked tirelessly to complete this book. I highly hope that the Kedah State Museum Board will continue producing writings related to the history, culture, and heritage of flora and fauna in any form of publication and platforms so that the evidence of the history and heritage of Kedah become a ‘Rich Legacy’ of the present generation that is priceless in the future. YAB Dato’ Seri Haji Muhammad Sanusi bin Md Nor, SPMK., AMK. Chief Minister of Kedah
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Kedah Sultanate Museum The Kedah Sultanate Collections • Kedah Sultanate Museum 9 Prologue Assalamualaikum warahmatullahi wabarakatuh First and foremost, I would like to take this opportunity to express my gratitude to His Royal Highness Tuanku Sultan for inspiring a publishing of a The Kedah Sultanate Collections. Personally i would like to congratulate the staff of Kedah State Museum as they successfully publishing the “The Kedah Sultanate Collections”. Taken positively, its clearly proves that Kedah State Civil Servants are capable and skilled in various tasks. The Kedah Sultanate Museum was created to bring together royal collections so that people from various backgrounds have the opportunity to see them. In addition, they can learn about the royal customs of Kedah as they get to know Tuanku Sultan and Tuanku Sultanah and the history of the Kedah sultanate. When His Royal Highness Tuanku Sultan expressed his idea of publishing a book about the Sultanate Museum, I felt that Tuanku Sultan would create a Mobile Museum but in the form of a book. A burst of thoughts that are so dynamic. Congratulations to all parties who have worked hard to prepare this book. YB Dato’ Seri Haji Norizan bin Khazali, SSDK., DSDK., AMK., BCK. State Secretary of Kedah
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Kedah Sultanate Museum The Kedah Sultanate Collections • Kedah Sultanate Museum 11 Welcoming Address Bismillahirrahmanirahim Assalamualaikum warahmatullahi wabarakatuh As Chairman of the Kedah State Museum Board, I would like to express my deepest gratitude to His Royal Highness Tuanku Sultan of Kedah for entrusting the institution under my leadership to publish a special book on the Sultanate Museum. It is undeniable that the Sultanate of Kedah is a fascinating subject to study and learn, not to mention publish, because it is widely known that Kedah has a very long history as the oldest kingdom in Malaysia. With the continuously developing world providing various platforms for the implementation of research, the dissemination of information is now much easier and more comprehensive. This publication will not be a benchmark to determine success or failure but more of a motivation for the staff of the Kedah State Museum to keep increasing their efforts and commitment to be more successful in preserving the historical heritage of the Kedah. I once again thank His Royal Highness Tuanku Sultan of Kedah for giving the trust and confidence to the Kedah State Museum to publish this book. YB Dato’ Haji Mohd Salleh bin Saidin, DPSM., DIMP. Chairman of Kedah State Museum Board
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Kedah Sultanate Museum The Kedah Sultanate Collections • Kedah Sultanate Museum 13 Salutations Bismillahirrahmanirahim Assalamualaikum warahmatullahi wabarakatuh I would like to express my heartfelt gratitude and appreciation that His Royal Highness Tuanku Sultan has entrusted the Kedah State Museum by ordering us to publish works related to the Sultanate Museum. This order presented a great challenge to the staff because we had to compete against time. Alhamdulillah, I am also very grateful to Allah SWT for enabling us to successfully carry out His Royal Highness Tuanku Sultan’s order. Despite the short period, all the ideas, energy, cooperation, and high dedication given by everyone involved have ensured the success of the publication of ‘The Kedah Sultanate Collection’. I was also very lucky to have good cooperation from various parties, such as the Office of His Royal Highness Tuanku Sultan of Kedah. Thank you for your help in providing the materials, time, and energy for this book by channelling the relevant information and photos. Thank you. Suhaidi bin Shukri. BCK., ASK. Director, Kedah State Museum
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Kedah Sultanate Museum The Kedah Sultanate Collections • Kedah Sultanate Museum 15 The building of the museum was originally occupied by the High Court and the Kedah State Sectional Court. It was built in November 1922 (1341 Hijrah), inspired by the late Sultan Abdul Hamid Halim Shah, the 26th Sultan of Kedah (1882-1943 AD), in collaboration with W. Peel ESQ (British Adviser), Major W.R. Sanguinetti (State Engineer), F.W. Wade ESQ (Architect) and H.W. Fofden (Contractor). The design of this building is characterised by Roman architecture, which is displayed in the pillar structure and carvings found on the walls. This building was vacated when court functions were relocated to the new Court Complex, at Jalan Suka Menanti, Alor Setar, in June 2005. It was refurbished and converted into the Sultan Abdul Halim Mu’adzam Shah Gallery in 2007. The Sultan Abdul Halim Mu’adzam Shah Gallery showcased some of the items and personal artifacts of the late Sultan Abdul Halim Mu’adzam Shah to the public. In 2020, this gallery was reestablished as the Kedah Sultanate Museum. The aim is to streamline and strengthen the function and role of this gallery as a repository of history and collections related to the Kedah Sultanate. The Kedah State Museum Board is responsible for managing the Kedah Sultanate Museum. KEDAH SULTANATE MUSEUM
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Kedah Sultanate Museum The Kedah Sultanate Collections • Kedah Sultanate Museum 19 HISTORY OF THE KEDAH SULTANATE
20 The Kedah Sultanate Collections • Kedah Sultanate Museum The Sultanate of Kedah Darul Aman was established in the year 531 A.H., equivalent to 1136 A.D., forming the State of Kedah the earliest Islamic state in the Malay Peninsular, as well as one of the earliest in Southeast Asia. The Kedah Sultanate continued on the old Kedah kingdom, which existed before the arrival of Islam. The old society of Kedah has had an organized government since the 1st century A.D. Through archeological discoveries, it was found that the old Kedah people were skilled at smelting iron, so that it could be exported. There is even archeological evidence that shows that the community has started since 788 B.C. The old Kedah kingdom is believed to have been incorporated into the Funan (Biunam) empire in the 1st century AD, then with the Langkasuka empire, and then with the Sriwijaya empire since the middle of the 8th century A.D., until the collapse of that empire in the 12th century A.D., followed by establishment of a sultanate. According to At-Tarikh Salasilah Negeri Kedah (History and Genealogy of the State of Kedah), the people of Kedah before Islam appointed a King who came from the state of Gomrun, a protectorate of the Byzantium Empire. He settled in Kedah and married the princess of the local community leader. In addition, according to Hikayat Merong Mahawangsa (Kedah Annals), the King of Kedah before Islam also came from the Roman patronage. According to Kedah Annals, the state of Kedah before Islam was ruled by 7 kings, while according to the History and Genealogy of the State of Kedah, before Islam there were 9 kings. Hikayat Merong Mahawangsa HISTORY OF THE KEDAH SULTANATE
Kedah Sultanate Museum The Kedah Sultanate Collections • Kedah Sultanate Museum 21 At-Tarikh Salasilah Negeri Kedah HISTORY OF THE KEDAH SULTANATE The two Kedah history books say that the last King of Kedah, His Majesty Maharaja Derbar Raja (History and Genealogy of the State of Kedah) or Maharaja Phra Ong Mahawangsa (Kedah Annals) had embraced Islam, at the invitation of Tuan Syeikh Abdullah bin Syeikh Ahmad Jaafar al-Qumairi. As the first Sultan of Kedah, he used the new title of Sultan Al-Mudzaffar Shah, and agreed to change the name of the state of Kedah to Darul Aman (The Abode of Peace), on the advice of Sheikh Abdullah. The early government center of the Sultanate of Kedah Darul Aman was Kota Bukit Meriam, followed by Kota Sungai Mas, Kota Seputih, Kota Naga, Kota Sena, Kota Indera Kayangan, Kota Bukit Pinang, then Kota Setar until present. The Kedah Sultanate has been ruled from the past to the present by 29 Sultans, forming Kedah the oldest kingdom in the region that has been ruled continuously by a line of Kings. Currently, the state of Kedah Darul Aman is being ruled by the 29th Sultan of Kedah, namely His Royal Highness Al Aminul Karim Sultan Sallehuddin Ibni Almarhum Sultan Badlishah, since 2017.
22 The Kedah Sultanate Collections • Kedah Sultanate Museum At-Tarikh Salasilah Negeri Kedah HISTORY OF THE KEDAH SULTANATE
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Kedah Sultanate Museum The Kedah Sultanate Collections • Kedah Sultanate Museum 25 POTRAITS OF THE KEDAH SULTANATE
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Kedah Sultanate Museum The Kedah Sultanate Collections • Kedah Sultanate Museum 27 SULTAN AHMAD TAJUDDIN HALIM SHAH II THE 22ND SULTAN OF KEDAH (1804 - 1845) On 19th September 1804/ 13 Jamadilakhir 1219 Hijrah, Tunku Pengeran was installed as the 22nd Sultan of Kedah with the title of Sultan Ahmad Tajuddin Halim Shah II. His Majesty’s coronation ceremony took place at Balai Besar for a week. During his reign, two famous poems were composed, namely the “Poems of Sultan” and “Poems of Duka Nestapa”. During his reign, there was also the Musuh Berbisik (Whispering Enemy) war that resulted in his escape to Penang, and then to Malacca. Due to this event, he was also known as “Marhum Melaka”. His Majesty ruled Kedah for 41 years (1804-1845) and died on 3rd January 1845/ 25 Zuhijjah 1260 Hijrah.
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Kedah Sultanate Museum The Kedah Sultanate Collections • Kedah Sultanate Museum 29 SULTAN ABDUL HAMID HALIM SHAH THE 26TH SULTAN OF KEDAH (1882 - 1943) His Majesty was born in 1864 and ascended the throne on 23rd March 1882 as the 26th Sultan of Kedah (1882-1943). His Majesty visited Thailand, India, Burma, and Europe to gain more knowledge and experience so that efforts toward the development and modernisation of Kedah could be further expanded. His success in the administration of the state earned him the title “Father of Modern Kedah”. Sultan Abdul Hamid Halim Shah died on 13 May 1943, at the age of 79, after ruling Kedah for 61 years. He was conferred the “La Dawandi” medal and “Order of the White Elephant (First Class)” by King Chulalongkorn on 24th August 1895 with the title of “Chao Phaya Saiburi”. In 1911, he was awarded the Order of Khight Commander (of the order) St Michael and St George K.C.M.G in conjunction with the coronation of King George V.
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Kedah Sultanate Museum The Kedah Sultanate Collections • Kedah Sultanate Museum 31 SULTAN BADLISHAH THE 27TH SULTAN OF KEDAH (1943 - 1958) His Majesty was born on Saturday, 17 March 1894/ 10 Ramadhan 1311 Hijrah. He received his initial education at Sekolah Melayu Jalan Baharu, then at King’s College, Bangkok. Before continuing his studies at Wadham College, United Kingdom, in economics in 1916. He ascended the throne on 14th May 1943 at the age of 51. His Majesty’s extensive experience in administration when he was the Crown Prince and Deputy Sultan since 1935 has made him a mature and respected ruler and political figure. He was also a freedom fighter and together with the people, opposed the establishment of the Malayan Union in 1946. His Majesty died on 13th July 1958 and was buried at Langgar Royal Mausoleum, Alor Setar, after ruling Kedah for 15 years.
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Kedah Sultanate Museum The Kedah Sultanate Collections • Kedah Sultanate Museum 33 SULTAN ABDUL HALIM MU’ADZAM SHAH THE 28TH SULTAN OF KEDAH (1958-2017) Sultan Abdul Halim was born on November 28th, 1927 at Istana Anak Bukit. He received his early education at Alor Merah and Titi Gajah Malay Schools and later at Sultan Abdul Hamid College (1946 - 1949). In 1949, two important events occurred in His Majesty’s life. Firstly, His Majesty furthered his studies in the United Kingdom in February. Later, he was appointed as the Crown Prince on 6th August 1949. His Majesty studied Social Science and Public Administration at Wadham College, Oxford, before graduating in 1955. Upon returning to his homeland, he served in the Kota Setar District Office and the State Treasury Office. In 1958, Sultan Abdul Halim was appointed as the 28th Sultan of Kedah before being officially installed on 20th February 1959 in a grand ceremony at Balai Besar. He died on 11th September 2017 after ruling for 59 years.
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Kedah Sultanate Museum The Kedah Sultanate Collections • Kedah Sultanate Museum 35 HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS AL AMINUL KARIM SULTAN SALEHUDDIN THE 29TH SULTAN OF KEDAH DARUL AMAN (2017 - PRESENT) On 12th September 2017, His Royal Highness Al Aminul Karim Sultan Sallehuddin was proclaimed as the 29th Sultan of Kedah. The declaration was made in accordance with Article 17 of the Kedah Constitution after the death of his brother, the late of Sultan Abdul Halim Muadzam Shah at Istana Anak Bukit on 11th September 2017. The announcement of the installation of the new Sultan of Kedah was made by His Excellency the Menteri Besar (Chief Minister) of Kedah, Dato’ Seri Raja Ahmad Bashah Md Hanipah at the Balairung Seri stand, Anak Bukit. The decision to appoint him as the new Sultan of Kedah was made by the Kedah Royal Council of Ascension.
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Kedah Sultanate Museum The Kedah Sultanate Collections • Kedah Sultanate Museum 37 GENEALOGY OF THE KEDAH SULTANATE
38 The Kedah Sultanate Collections • Kedah Sultanate Museum 1 Sultan Al-Mudzaffar Shah I 1136 - 1179 5 Sultan Mahmud Shah I Ibni Almarhum Sultan Muzzil Shah 3 1280 - 1321 Sultan Muhamad Shah Ibni Almarhum Sultan Mu'adzam Shah 1202 - 1236 9 Sultan Muhammad Jiwa Zainal Adilin Mu’adzam Shah I Ibni Almarhum Sultan Atha'allah Muhammad Shah I 1473 - 1506 7 Sultan Sulaiman Shah I Ibni Almarhum Sultan Ibrahim Shah 1373 - 1423 13 Sultan Rijaluddin Muhammad Shah Ibni Almarhum Sultan Sulaiman Shah II 1626 - 1652 11 Sultan Mudzaffar Shah II Ibni Almarhum Sultan Mahmud Shah II 1547 - 1602 15 Sultan Dhiauddin Mukarram Shah I Ibni Almarhum Sultan Muhyiddin Mansur Shah 1662 - 1688 1179 - 1202 2 Sultan Mu’adzam Shah Ibni Almarhum Sultan Al-Mudzaffar Shah I 1321 - 1373 6 Sultan Ibrahim Shah Ibni Almarhum Sultan Mahmud Shah I 1236 - 1280 4 Sultan Muzzil Shah Ibni Almarhum Sultan Muhammad Shah I 1506 - 1547 10 Sultan Mahmud Shah II Ibni Almarhum Sultan Muhammad Jiwa Zainal Adilin Mu'adzam Shah I 1423 - 1473 8 Sultan Atha'allah Muhammad Shah I Ibni Almarhum Sultan Sulaiman Shah I 1602 - 1626 12 Sultan Sulaiman Shah II Ibni Almarhum Sultan Mudzaffar Shah II 1652 - 1662 14 Sultan Muhyiddin Mansur Shah Ibni Almarhum Tunku Hussain Ibni Almarhum Sultan Rijaluddin Muhammad Shah 1688 - 1698 16 Sultan Atha'allah Muhammad Shah II Ibni Almarhum Sultan Dhiauddin Mukarram Shah I GENEALOGY OF THE KEDAH SULTANATE
Kedah Sultanate Museum The Kedah Sultanate Collections • Kedah Sultanate Museum 39 21 Sultan Dhiauddin Mukarram Shah II Ibni Almarhum Sultan Muhammad Jiwa Zainal Adilin Mu’adzam Shah II 1797 - 1804 19 Sultan Muhammad Jiwa Zainal Adilin Mu’adzam Shah II Ibni Almarhum Sultan Abdullah Mu’adzam Shah 1710 - 1778 25 Sultan Zainal Rashid Mu’adzam Shah II Ibni Almarhum Sultan Ahmad Tajuddin Mukarram Shah 1879 - 1881 23 Sultan Zainal Rashid Mu’adzam Shah I Ibni Almarhum Sultan Ahmad Tajuddin Halim Shah II 1845 - 1854 29 His Royal Highness Al Aminul Karim Sultan Sallehuddin Ibni Almarhum Sultan Badlishah 2017-present 27 Sultan Badlishah Ibni Almarhum Sultan Abdul Hamid Halim Shah 1943 - 1958 1706 - 1710 18 Sultan Ahmad Tajuddin Halim Shah I Ibni Almarhum Sultan Abdullah Mu’adzam Shah 1854 - 1879 24 Sultan Ahmad Tajuddin Mukarram Shah Ibni Almarhum Sultan Zainal Rashid Mu’adzam Shah I 1881 - 1943 26 Sultan Abdul Hamid Halim Shah Ibni Almarhum Sultan Ahmad Tajuddin Mukarram Shah 1958 - 2017 28 Sultan Abdul Halim Mu’adzam Shah Ibni Almarhum Sultan Badlishah 17 Sultan Abdullah Mu’adzam Shah Ibni Almarhum Sultan Atha'allah Muhammad Shah II 1698 - 1706 1778 - 1797 20 Sultan Abdullah Mukarram Shah Ibni Almarhum Sultan Muhammad Jiwa Zainal Adilin Mu’adzam Shah II 1804 - 1845 22 Sultan Ahmad Tajuddin Halim Shah II Ibni Almarhum Sultan Abdullah Mukarram Shah
40 The Kedah Sultanate Collections • Kedah Sultanate Museum CROWN PRINCE OF KEDAH TUNKU MAHKOTA OF KEDAH HIS HIGHNESS HIS HIGHNESS
Kedah Sultanate Museum The Kedah Sultanate Collections • Kedah Sultanate Museum 41 TUNKU BENDAHARA OF KEDAH TUNKU TEMENGGONG OF KEDAH HIS HIGHNESS HER HIGHNESS
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Kedah Sultanate Museum The Kedah Sultanate Collections • Kedah Sultanate Museum 43 COLLECTION SULTAN ABDUL HAMID HALIM SHAH
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46 The Kedah Sultanate Collections • Kedah Sultanate Museum Order of The White Elephant The Order was conferred by the King of Siam, King Chulalongkorn to the late Sultan Abdul Hamid Halim Shah on 24th August 1895 when he was awarded the title of Chao Phya Saiburi.
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48 The Kedah Sultanate Collections • Kedah Sultanate Museum Songkok (Headgear of Sultan Abdul Hamid Halim Shah) This bird’s feather-decorated songkok was gifted to His Majesty, along with his robes and sword, when he received the Order of The White Elephant First Class in 1895.
Kedah Sultanate Museum The Kedah Sultanate Collections • Kedah Sultanate Museum 49 Keris 5-lok (wave) Keris adorned with gemstones at the hilt. It is estimated to be over 100 years old and belongs to the late Sultan Abdul Hamid Halim Shah.