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ແບບຮຽນວັນນະຄະດີ ມ1

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Published by syphonesouliyaseng91, 2022-08-20 10:51:18

ແບບຮຽນວັນນະຄະດີ ມ1

ແບບຮຽນວັນນະຄະດີ ມ1

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.ogIvn o.\mj 8uj oq wflh kh ’1.6j og,vn ’D ]d6 -kpzo6h vh pgxoa 7oq -Mjn [,+ 7u ;k,7fy 7;k,vkj oD dvj odoy c]’
]k;[vd.sh7qo.-hw8h8tdP’.spjF le]a[gInvooAod=]hv,fh;p’k-hk’F lj;o.ocdjo0k,
d=8vh ’wf0h ;Q dyomd5 ;oa F

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cdoj 0k,d[= +gs^vn 9da cdoj 1.6j ogIvn o7;q F lf5 mkh p,k]k;dw= fdh kpgxoa 7oq md5 pkdD

,N|bj’F ]k;7yfIvfvhkp c]t ]k;s;a’;jkvhkp0v’]k;fP;oU d=7q’9tm5dpkd7ndao
da[]k; grkt;jkr+wfhc[j’xao-a[lq,[af.shgmqjkMdao c]t .omujl5f]k;d=8aflyo.9vvdgfuo
mk’wx1k,vkh p.og,nv’D

]k;g0qhkwx.ogInvovhkp d=Ih6lbdxts^kf.9s^kpmjugsaogInvos^a’.spj c]t ,u7qos^;’
s^kp16jmujoAoD r=c8sj ^P;gsaovhkp ]k;d=Ihv’wsh.lvj hkp3]f;kj <vhkpmujIadK gxaospa’g9qhk9b’j pa’
I’aj ,ufuwfh16Lj l;j o0hvpxt8y[af8k,7er+l’aj m5dxtdko c80j hvpd=m5d]q’m5d]q’<D

vhkpwfhg]qkj .shoj hv’2a’1kj ’l5f.9;kj <.o]ts;kj ’mk’g0qhk,kg,nv’ vhkpwfh7yfs’edPj ;
da[xyflt|k0v’r+D xyflt|k0=hmevyf c,oj dyog0qhkc]’fh;pcl’.spj oAo,ao\kp7;k,;kj
.shdyog0Qkc]’djvo8kg;ao8qdfyo grkt,ao9t-j;pxt1afoE,ao<D lj;o< xyflt|k0=hmulv’
c,oj .s]h vh ,gIvn of;h pc0;h lfa F vkh p7fy ;kj c,oj ]Ph ’\kgrvjn Ida lkgIvn o.sxh vfwr9kd0t3,p<D
c]t<xyflt|k0=hmulk,;jk 4hkg9qhkIh6;ymudyocdjo0k,g9qhkd=9t,uvkskow;hdyowfhfqo<D
.o]ts;jk’gfuomk’g0qhk,kg,nv’vhkp0qh;cdjo0k,dyo[k’lj;o c]t lj;omjugs^nvd=wfhgvqkwx
s;kj ow;hvhv,gInvoF [+fqoxko.f,aod=gdufgxao8Qo0k,.spj c]t vhkpd=wfhgda[gvqk/ad\kd0k,
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147

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g]njv’G rtvtwr,tou

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cs’j d5’]af8totF g,nvj rtvtwr,tou,uvkp5wfh !& xu c]t lul5;vo vkp5 !# xuwfhgfuomk’wx
IPo;y-kmujleoadmyfkxt3,dD rtvtwr,toug]nvdIPo;y-kgxqjkxujlj;olul5;vog]nvdIPo
;y-kdt[ju c]t dt[v’D g,njvIPowfhg9afgfnvod=leg]afdkolbdlkc]h;da[,kd5’]af8tot
c8jrtpkl5mafgduf7;k,3,3s grktgsao;jkgxao;y-kmju[+g\ktlq,da[dtlaf9bj'0a[w]jvvd
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cx’8;q gxoa lk;’k,D rtvtwr,to.u soh k’lk[ko;kj .orkprkd|kh 4kh skd7fy Ikh p8+rtv’q
d=0=.sh,uvaogxaowxD g,vnj ok’pv,Ia[7elk[koc]h;F rtvtwr,tou9’bj 9e.916dj yoI;j ,da[ok’D

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,kI5dIkog,nv’]q,,t9adF lul5;vo c]t rk,ma’lk,7qod=vvdlh6Iq[9qowfhIa[w--totc]h;
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ok’c,’dtg[Nvwfhoesk c]t wfh9a[g’nvdlv’zq;g,pdyoD l;j og’nvdmujgxao]6dlk;d=rkgfuo
mk’8+wx9qog4y’gdktc]h;wfhrq[rt]nluzh6,u]yfgffF ok’ c,’dtg[Nvoe,kIvfc8rj t]nlugld
,qoxhv’daow;hF ok’9b'j s^q[]U16jc4[oAoD rtvtwr,tou9b’j wfhgvqkgxao-kpk c]t 16j.ogdktoAooe
doa wfgh 9fa gfvn oD

148

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-njok’ l5;aoot,k]ug-yj’,uvq’-kp9kd]a’dk,kl6j0= c]t ;jk9tvtrygldlq,]qfF ,N|bj’ok’
/oa ;kj wfwh xmPj ;mtg] c]t wffh ;’cd;h 1d6j k’gdkt c8rj -= ;kf8ojn 0oB ,k f;’cd;h ds= kpwx c]t
ok’9bj’gduf7;k,3ldglqhkD rtpklu]t]kf9bj'rkwxmjP;mtg] c8jgduf]q,rtp5rafg9af,N
g9af7nogInv9b’j s^q’mk’wxl6]j a’dkD g9Qk]a’dk,u3v]qf-n;j kj v5fltg]o g-y’j oaf;kj 9t,kvtrygld
lq,]qfda[ok’l5;aoot,k]ud=oe0t[;o,k c8[j +rq[ok’9’bj pdq 0t[;ovvd-vdskD

1g6j dkt rtvtwr,togu /du sfa IPorklk8kj ’Md[a lfy rt]ln 9u oq g;khq wf1h kj ’7vj ’c7;h c8dj p= ’a
7yfg4y’g7ktdezkj o,k9'bj vvd[;frhv,da[lyolt\5fD 8+,kgInv0v’rtpklu]t]kfwfh,kg4y’
gdkt c]t wfhrq[rtvtwr,tou9bj’w8j4k,g4y’g]njv’]k;0v’dao c]t daortpklu]t]kf0=
2a’lP’xuj c8rj tvtwr,tou4ngrfrqf9b'j .shlyolt\5f]k[;fgxqkj xujcmo g,nvj wfh2a’m5d7qod=,hvp
s[a^ wxD rtvtwr,togu dfu s’q^ ,da ok’ l;5 oa ot,k]u l;j oloy lt\f5 d0= g= xoa ]d6 0v’ok’ l;5 oa ot,k]u
c]h;ma’lv’d=Iaddaog\nvoc,]j 6d7u’MD 8+,krtvtwr,tou c]t lyolt\5fd=0=0ugj Invwxoe3fp
/kdok’g’vn dg-’jy 4rn kwflh k,gfvn ow;oh ert]ln u c]t ,v[xoyj gdkhq 7ew;.h s]h d6 m9uj tgdufvvd,kD

ok’c,’dtg[Nvg-yj’pa’7vpg/qhjk1j6d=wfhrk[=]y;kom6fzuxulkf,kme]kpgInvD 8+,krt
vtwr,todu |= wu xp’a gdktcs’j |’jb c];h ]kgrf c]t .swh rrj oq gvkq oE]kp1vfsw6 ;h grvjn [.+ swh fph oy
lP’xu0j v’8qoc]h;9'bj gxkqj xu0j Bo9qook’c,’dtg[Nv0kf.98kp c]h;dkpgxaosuomu,j ulkpoEws^
vvd9kdxkdD g,vjn ,zu ;h6 gy lf,k[vd;kj .sfh ,jn oEooA grktgxoa oElda lfy g,vjn f,jn c];h 9t,du e]’a ;’a
-k c]t ok’l’ja ;kj [+.sgh zkq ok’grktw29tgIfa .soh k’2No0Bo,kvudD rtvtwr,tou c]t wrrj oq
dg= Ifa 8k,moju k’[vdD

/jkplyolt\5fc[dok’ l5;aoot,k]umuj]vpoE,kwfhg9af,Nc]h;0Bo/aj’16jgdktcsj’|bj’
c]h;,ur;d39o8jk’rklk,krq[d=gdnvgs^qhklyolt\5f grnvj dhP;rk]kluok’ l5;aoot,k]uc8j
ok’d=[kj p[Pj ’0=xbdlk]6d-kpD g,vnj lyolt\5f2No8q;Ih6g]vnj ’]k;d=0hksq;|hk39o8kp c]h;75,
gInvgfuomk’oeskrtvtwr,tou9qo,kg4y’g,nv’]q,,t9ad c]t d=wfhlh6Iq[8q[8uda[lul5;voD
.og;]kgIafglydoAolyolt\5fgsao;jk lul5;vo,u.[|hkg\nvo[yfkd=[+7bf9t0hk9bj'4ndlul5;vo8u
8qd,hkc8j[+8kprP’c8jlts^q[wxgmqjkoAoD ,N8+,kd=lh6dao.\jF lul5;vocxd.99bj'-ad4k,;jk
g9khq c,oj .zLD lyolt\f5 d=8v[8k,7;k,9y’c8lj ul;5 vop’a [+g-vnj grktgsoa |kh 8kgxoa pda d=lI6h [q
daovud c]t 8+,klul5;vo4nd9a[wfhD g,nvj co,gsaocs;o c]t zhkrao[kf9b’j 9nwj fh;kj c,oj 0v’
rtvtwr,tou9'bj Ihv’wsh0BoD lyolt\5f[+g-vnj ;kj gxaovk;9'bj 4k,;kj rtvtwr,touIPo;y-kvao.f
c];h llu ;5 vod8= v[4dn c]t g]kjq xts;fa .s2h ’a D 8,+ kI;6h kj gxoa vk;d[a sk^ oc];h d-= ;odoa vvdoesk
rtvtwr,tou3fp,uok’ vt]5o]aflt\u g-’yj gxao]6d0v’lul5;vo8yf8k,wxoeD

149

gInv0v’/jkplyolt\5frq[da[gInv0v’/jkpv5fltg]oD rtvtwr,tougxqjkxujgvUolyolt ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ
\5fc]h;r+]6d c]t ruMj ohv’Md=wfhrq[daofh;p7;k,fu.9D c8lj yolt\5f[+pv,,v[ok’ l5;aoot
,k].u sch dvj f5 ltg]o9'jb gdfu ,du kolI6h [q D l;5 oa ot,k]xu v,gxoa -k;]’a dkvvdlIh6 [q -;j ploy lt\f5
c]t 9a[v5fltg]owfhD rtvtwr,tou[+.sh0hkv5fltg]ogrkt;kj gsaocd[j 5o75omuj.sh0ugj Inv,koeD
8+,krtvtwr,touwfh7v’g,nv’zts^bdF l;j ol5;aoot,k]ud=\uwx[;fD dkj ;g4y’ok’ ;k]u vkp5
#$ xu I6[0UIhkp8qo8q;fec8,j u;y-kg-yj’wfhg0Qk4;kp8qogxaook’lt|q,0v’rtvtwr,toumuwj fh
-j;pvvdv5[kp.shl5;aoot,k]u]k[;fF c]h;d=vtrygldda[rtvtwr,touD g,njvvtrygldc]h;
rtvtwr,toud=.shlul5;vorklyolt\5fwx1hP,1k,[yfkmudj 5’]af8totD

ok’g’nvdgduf[5f-kp-n;j kj l5flk7voD mhk;Iej IPo;y-kda[rt]nlug,nvj vkp5wfh # xuD mhk;
lk,kf9a[,hk,a’dvowfh c]t 8+,kd=vvd8yf8k,sk[yfkD l5flk7vozt9qowrwfh4nd-ugxnvp
s^vd.sh8qdzkc]h;]adgvqkw,h7vogmQk;yglf c]t ,hk,a’dvowxD rt]nlu,k-;j pl5flk7vogvUo
sk,hk,a’dvoda[7no,kc]h; .shrkwx-vdsk[vj o-ugxnvp g-y’j |uwx8A’8q;gxaozh6;yglf16jg,nv’
dk]tg;dD 8+,kd=wfhw,h7hvogmQk7no c]t vkwl16dj a[g9qhkg,nv’g-y’j ,umyfk-n;j kj glqk;t7qoD

djk;g4y’ v5fltg]omju7Pfc7hogrkt4ndg0qkpkf-u’gvqkl5;aoot,k]uwxF v5fltg]o
9'jb pqdma[,k8ug,nv’zts^nd c84j ndrkj pcrh c]t lts^q[wxc]h;rtvtwr,tou 9'bj rkg0qkh ,k.o;’a
c]t g;qhk9kfh;p7;k,vjvos;koc8jv5fltg]og;qhk9kc[[mhkmkpD ok’ ;k]u9bj'vvd
v5[kpc8j’8q;gxaomtskog0qhk,km6ortvtwr,tou;jk g9qhk]a’dk[yfk0v’v5fltg]o4ndgdqk
mao|uwx 7q’9toeskrkp.o # ;aoF v5fltg]od=glp.9vqdc8d8kp c]t zud=g0qhkly’;k]u9qo
g4’y cd7j ;k,8kpD

l[q 0v’vf5 ltg]o4ndoed[a 7nog,nv’F g9khq g,nv’d=glp.99oq 8kpF l;j omyfk-]nj tg;’;oa ]k
g-’yj gxaoohv’lk;0v’v5fltg]o9’jb 0Bo7v’g,nv’]a’dkcmoD ok’7yf7Pfc7ho.shrtvtwr,tou
9bj'0=7;k,-j;pgs^nv9kdg9qhk]t,ko75,ma[wxIq[ c8j4ndrtvtwr,tou.-hgr’xju9a[8q;wfhD
rtvtwr,tougsaoI6[ok’]tg;’mjugld,qoltg|.ljd=s^q’IadD l5;aoot,k]ugvqkI6[wxgzqk
d=[+w\hgvqk4Y,.ljoEd=[+ws^da[7no,kvudD mk’/jkpl5flk7vo7yfIvf[yfkd=vvdoesk3fp
,gu lkq ;t7oq c]t sfa w-]d6 g9khq g,vn ’dk]tg;d8fy 8k,,koeD ]ts;kj ’mk’wfrh [q c,’dtg[vN pda F
l5flk7vo0hk,ao8kpc]h;d=9qdgvqk\j;p8kg-yj’gxao0v’;yglf.shglqk;t7qo c]t safw-
.-hw;hxhv’dao8q;c]h;d=vvdgfuomk’9qog4y’g,nv’zts^ndD 8+,krq[glydgdqhkma[9kdok’]tg;’d=
-j;pok’lh6Iq[D ok’ l5;aoot,k]u4ndgdqkmao[kfg9a[F r=fulul5;voda[lyolt\5fIh60jk;d=-ad
-;ork,ma’ # 7qo,k-;j pIq[D l5flk7vo.-hw,hgmqhk;yglf9U.lIj 6[ok’]tg;’zumujly’16jd=skpwxD
rtvtwr,touskp7;k,3ldglqhkgrktwfhrq[ohv’-kp c]t ]6dMrhv,|hkdaoD

150

ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດrtvtwr,toupqdma[,k8ug,nv’]a’dklh6Iq[da[ok’]tg;’D g,nvj wfhgsaook’d=dhP;rk]klu
c8pj hvo7;k,c7hopa’,u16jok’9b’j wfh0u,j hk\uwxD rkps^a’ok’ ]tg;’.shok’ p5rkptdk c]t
]erklts^uwxs^vdrtvtwr,tou,kF lul5;vo c]t lyolt\5fd=oewxD g,njv4ndltgdo0v’
p5rkptdk c]t ]erklts^uma’lv’/jkpd=ma’IadF ma’Iq[ c]t .omjul5flq’7k,d=lYol5f]q’D
rtvtwr,touwfhok’ ]tg;’c]h;d=vtrygld.shl5flk7voda[ok’ glqk;t7qoF lj;osafw-
c,oj wfhda[ok’ lhvpl5;ao c]t 9aol5fkD

8vomhkpg]njv’ ok’ ]tg;’da[ok’ l5;aoot,k]uxv’fv’daoF c8jrtvtwr,tougduf
]Q,x;j p c]t g[nvj |kj pmk’3]d9b'j vvd[;fD l;j ook’ma’lv’d=oewx[;fgxao-uD 8+,kgduf,u
dkolI6h [q ]ts;kj ’]d6 sk^ o0v’rtvtwr,todu [a lfa 8m6 puj ’a gsv^n 1D6j l;j ook’g’vn dooA rtvtwr,tou
d=g0qhkpko wx[vd.sh4nlyoshkD ok’Iadlklyo9qortvyo]q’,k8afmk’.shF 9kdoAo9bj'wfhdkp
gxao,to5fD l5flk7vowfhlt4kxtok,kofk0v’8qogxaort9aomt;tfuraoxus^;’l;j o rtvtwr
,touF ok’]tg;’ c]t l5;aoot,k]ud=4ngrfrqf16mj ujg0qkly’75fln[wxDDD

151

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!D [k’95fdjP;da[xtgmfdex6g9p

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0v’vyof69uoF gonhvmu0j v’xtgmf,u !)!FW#& dy3]c,af,qomqoF ,uxt-kdvoma’\qf 14.699.885
7qo Xlt4y8yxu @WW)?D

dexg6 9pgxoa xtgmfm,ju ,u o6 g-vN fkh o;fa mtotmem,ju -u ]jn -n k3fpltgrktc,oj .olt8t;fa mu X
sklt8t;afmu XIV. g,njvg;Qkg4y’fhkoIuf7v’xtgrou c]t lt4kxaf8tptdec]h;pyj’,us^kp
g-oja G ly]txtdedko7;fa F dkoc8,h F dkoxoA 9oq ,ux-6 touptlt4kom]ju n-7nj nG v’a d=;fa g-’jy dkpgxoa
8;q cmoltcf’g4y’7;k,lu;yw]0v’-k;dexg6 9pltw|[I6 koD

152

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ສະຫສງວ.ວນ.ລສຂິ ະສດິ


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