Wheelock's Latin

Subjunctive Active Appendix 453

Present moneam agam audiam capiam
moneas agas audias capias
laudern maneat capiat
iaudes agat alldiat capiamus
laudet moneamus audiamus capi5tis
laudernus agamus audUUis capiant
laudetis moneatis agiHis audiant
laudent maneant caperem
agant capcrcs
Imperfect caperet
laudarem monerem agerem audTrem caperemus
laudares moneres audTres caperetis
landuret ageres audTret capercnt
laudaremus moneret audlremus
laudaretis moneremus agerct audlretis cepenm
laudarcnt moneretis ageremus audlrent ceperTs
ageretis ceperit
Perfect monerent ceperTmus
laudaverim agerent ccperTtis
cepcrint
laudaverTs monuerim egerim audlverim
monuerIs egerIs audlvcrTs cepIssem
laudaverit monuerit egerit audTverit ceplsses
monuerTmus egerTmus audTverTmus cepisset
laudaverTl11us monuerTtis egerTtis cepisscmus
laudaverTtis l110nuerint egerint audTverTtis cepissetis
laudaverint cepisscnt
audTverint
Plupel'fect cape
monuissem egissel11 audTvissem capite
laudavissem monuisses eglsses audTvisses
laudavisses monuisset egisset audTvisset capior
laudavisset mOl1uissemus egissemus audTvissemus ea peris(- re)
laudavissemus monuissetis egissetis audTvissetis capitur
laudavissetis monuissent egissent audTvissent capimur
laudavissent capil11inT
mone Present Imllerative Active audT capiuntur
lauda monete audTte
laudate age capi§bar
agite eapiebaris(-re)
Present capiebiitur
laudor Indicative Passive capiebamur
laudaris(-re) eapiebaminT
laudatur moneor agor audior eapiebantur
laudamur l11oneris(-re) ageris(-re) audTris(-re)
laudaminT monetur
laudantur monemur agitur audTtur
moneminT agimur audTmur
Impel'fect rnonentur agil11inT audTl11inT
laudabar aguntur audiuntur
laudabaris(-re)
laudabiitur l110nebar agebar audiebar
laudabal11ur rnonebaris(-re) agebiiris(-re) audiebaris(-re)
iaudiibaminT monebiitur
iaudabantur monebamur agebatur audiebatur
l110nebarninT agebiimur audiebarnur
monebantur agebarninT audiebaminT
agebantur audiebantur

454 Wheelock's Latin

Future monebar agar audiar capiar
laudabor moneberis(-re) ageris( -re) audieris(-re) capieris(-rc)
JaucWberis(-re) ll10nebilur audietur capietur
laudabitur monebimur agctur audiemur capiemur
laudabimur monebiminT agemur auclieminT capic1111l11
laudabiminT monebuntur agcminT audientur capientur
laudabuntur agentur
audTtus sum captus sum
Perfect monitus sum actus sum audHus es captus es
laudatus '?' sum monitus cs actus es audTtus est captus est
laudatus es monitus est actus est audIt! sumus captI SUITIUS
laudatus est monitT SlmlllS actY S1I111US audIU estis captY estis
laudITtT sumus audHI sunt eaptI sunt
laudatT estis monitT cstis act! estis
laudITtI sunt monitT sunt actT sunt audItus cram captus eram
audHus eras captus eras
Pluperfect lllonitus cram actus cram audTtus erat captus erat
laudatus eram monitus eras actus eras audItI eramus capU eramus
laudatus eras manitus erat actus erat audHI eratis eaptT era tis
laudatus erat manit! eramus acU eramus audHI crant eaptI erant
laudat"f eramus maniU cratis act! era tis
laudatT eralis moniU erant actI erant audItus era captus era
laudatI erant audHus eris captus eris
monitus era actus era audTtus erit captus crit
Future Perfect monitus eris actus eris audm erimus capt! erimus
laudatus era monitus erit actus erit audHI critis eapH eritis
laudatus eris monit! crimus acU crimus audHl crunt eaptI crunt
laudatus erit monit! eritis acH critis
laudaU erimus moniU erunt act! erunt audiar eapiar
laudaU eritis audiads(-re) eapiaris(-rc)
laudaH erunl Subjunctive Passive audiatur capiatur
audial11ur eapiamur
Present monear agar alldiaminT eapial11inI
lauder monearis(-re) agaris(-re) audiantur eapiantllr
lauderis(-re) agatur
laudetur moneatur agamur aud"frer eaperer
lauclemur moncamur agamin"f audTreris(-re) capcrcris(-re)
laudemin"f Il1oneamin"f agantur audTrctur caperetur
laudentur Il10neantur audTrcl11ur caperemur
audTrel11inT eapereminI
Imperfect monerer agerer audTrentur capcrcntur
laudarer 1110nereris( - r e ) agereris( -re)
laudareris(-rc)
laudaretur moncrctur agcrctur
laudaremur l110neremur agcremur
laudarcl11inT monereminT agereminT
laudarcntur monerentur agerentur

12The participles lamHitus (-a, -lim), monitus (-<1,
-um), etc., are lIsed as predicate acijectives, and so
their endings vary to agree with the subject.

Appendix 455

Perfect monitus sim actus sim audTtus sim captus sim
monitus SIS actus SIS audItus sIs captus SIS
laudatus sim monitus sit actus sit audItus sit captus sit
laudatus sIs monitT sTmus ITcH sTrons audIt! simlls eaptT sTmus
laudatus sit monitT sTtis ITcH sTtis audit! sTtis captY sltis
laudatl stmns monitT sint ITcH sint audItT sint eaptI sint
laudutI sItis
iaudati sint monitus essem actus cssem audTtus essem captus essem
monitus esses actus esses audTtus esses captus esses
Pluperfect monitus esset actus esset audTtus esset captus esset
manitI essemus 3cH essemus audItYessel11US capti essemus
laudatus essem manitI essetis act! essetis audTfi esse tis eaptI essetis
laudatus esses monitI essent actI essent auditI essent captI essent
laudatus esset
iaudatT essemus
iauciatI essetis
JaudiHT essent

Present Imperative Passive
In classical Latin, passive form imperatives are found chiefly in deponent verbs (for forms, see eh. 34).

Active l110nens Participles audiens capiens
Pres. laudans l110nitarus audTturus captOrus
Fut. laudatnrus agens
monitus acHirus audTtus captus
Passive monendus audiendus capiendus
Pell laudatus actus
Fut. laudandus agendus

Active monere Infinith'cs audirc caperc
Pres. laudare monuisse audivisse cepisse
Pelf laudavisse moniturus esse agere audTtOrus esse capturus esse
Fut. laudatGrus esse eglsse
monerl actnrus esse audirl capl
Passive monitus esse audTtus esse captus esse
Pres. laudarl monitum Irl agi audTtum Irl captum Irl
Pell laudatus esse actus esse
Fll1. laudatum Irl actum Irl

DEPONENT VERBS

Principal Parts hortor horUiri hortatus sum (urge)
fateor faterl fassus sum
1st sequol' sequl secOtus sum (fOl/OI!')
2nd Conj.: m6lior molTri
3rd Coni: pat! molTtus sum (H'ork at)
4th Coni: patior
passus sum tl"l{f/er)
3rd (-i6):

456 Wheelock's

Present fatear Indicative molior patior
hartar m6IJris(-re) pateris(-re)
fatemur sequor molItur patitur
hortatur fateminT sequeris(-re) m61Imur patimur
hortamur fatentur sequitur m61IminT patiminT
hortaminI sequimur moliuntur patiuntur
hortantur fatebar seqUlllllnT
fatebilris( -re) sequuntur m61iebar patiebar
Imperfect fatebatur m6liebaris(-re) patiebaris(-re)
horUibar fatebamur sequebar m6liebatur patiebatur
hortabaris(-re) fatebaminT sequebaris(-re) m61iebamur patiebamur
hortabatur fatebantur sequebatur m6iiebaminT patiebaminT
hortabamur sequebamur m61iebantur patiebantur
horU'ibaminI falebar sequebaminT
hortabantur fateberis(-re) sequebantur moliar patiar
fatebitur molieris(-re) patieris(-re)
Future fatebimur sequar molietur patietur
hortabor sequeris(-re) moliemur patiemur
hortaberis(-re) fatebuntur sequetur moliemini patieminT
hortabitur sequemur molientur patienlur
hortabimur slim sequeminT
hortabiminT fassus es sequentur montus sum passus sum
hortabuntur fassus est molItus es passus es
fass! sumus seeOtus slim molitus est passus est
Perfect CassI estis seeOtus es mont! sumus pass! sumus
hortatus sum fassI sunt secOtus est molItI est is passI estis
hortatus es secOti sumus molItI sunt passI sunt
hortatus est fassus eram seeOtI estis
hortati sumus fassus eras seeOtT sunt molItus eram passus eram
horHiti estis molItus eras passus eras
hortall sunt erat seetltus eram m6iftus erat passus erat
fassI eramus secOtus eras m61ItI eramus pass! eramus
Pluperfect fassT eratis secfltus erat molItI era tis passT eratis
hortatus eram fass! erant secOtT eramus molitI erant passT erant
horUitus eras secOtT eratis
horlatus erat fassus ero secOtT erant molitus ero pass us er6
hortatI eramus fassus eris m6iftus eris passus ens
horHHI eratis fassus erit sedaus ero m6ntus erit passus erit
horUitI erant fass! erimus secfltus eris molm erimus passT erimus
fassT eritis secfltus erit m6litI eritis pass! eritis
Future Perfect fassT erunl seeOtI erimus molm erunt passT erunt
hortatus ero secOll eritis
hortatus eris fatear secOtT erunt m6liar patiar
hortatus erit fatearis(-re) 1116liaris(-re) patiaris(-re)
hortatI erimus fateatur Subjunctive moliatur patiatur
hortiHI eritis fateamur moliamur patiamur
hortatI erunt fateamin'i sequar moliaminT patiaminT
fateantur sequaris(-re) moliantur patiantur
Present sequatur
horter sequamur
horteris(-re) sequaminT
hortetur sequantur
hortemur
hortemin!
hortentur

Appendix 457

Imperfect faterer sequerer m6l1rer paterer
fatereris(-rc) sequereris(-re) patercris(-re)
hortarer fateretur sequeretur m6IIreris(-re) paterHUf
hortareris( fatercmur sequeremur m61Iretur pateremur
hortaretur fatercminI sequereminT m6liremur patereminI
hortarcmur faterentur scquerentur patercntur
molIreminT
hortareminT fassus sim sceutns sim molIrentur passus sim
fassus SIS secutus SIS pass us sIs
horUirentur fassus sit secOtus sit molItus sim passus sit
fass! simliS seeUU sTmus passT sTmus
Perfect fassl sItis sceutI sTtis m61Itus SIS pass! sItis
hortatus sim fassT sint seeOn sint m61Itus sit passY sint
hortatus SIS
horHitus sit fassus essem secutus essem molfti sTmus passus esseTIl
hortiHi sTmus fassus esses secutus esscs malIU sTtis passus esses
harlan sItis fassus esset secutus esset passus esset
horUitI sint fassT eSSC111US secfitT essemus malIn sint passT essemus
tassT essetis secfitT essetis passT essetis
Pluperfect fassT essent secutl essent molItus essem passT essent
hortatus essem moiItus esses
hortatus esscs Present Imperative molitus esset patere
horUHus esset molItI essemus patiminT
hortan essemllS sequere molItI essetis
hortatI essetis sequlTIlIl1T molItI essent patiens
hortatT essent passus
Participles moITre passurus
hortare fatcre moITminT patiendus
hortaminT sequens
secutus molicns patI
Pres. hortans fatens secuturus molTtus passus esse
fassus sequendus moITtfirus passurus esse
Pal horHHus fassurus moliendus
fatendus Infinitives
Flit. hortatfirus l110lTrT
sequY molTtus esse
Gel: hortandus secutus esse molTturus esse
secutfirus esse
Pres. horUirT faterT
fassus esse
Pal hortatlls esse fassfirus esse

Fut. hortaturus esse

IRREGULAR VERBS

Principal Parts esse fuT futurum (he)
posse potuT itum
sum velie voluY (be able, can)
possum nolle nolllY (wish, be lvilling)
volO malic maiuT (not to wish, be III/willing)
nolO Ire il
malO (go)
eo

458 Wheelock's Latin

IndicativeD

Present possum voW n616 maW e5
sum potes non vIs mavIs Is
es potest VIS n6n vult mavuit it
est possumus n61ul11us malumus Tmus
potestis vult nan vultis mavultis His
SUITIns possunt volumus nolunt maiunt eunt
vultis
estis poteram volullt maiebam Tbarn
sunt poteras Tbas
paterat volebam n6iebam maIehas Tbat
Imperfect poteramns 116ie:bas Tbumus
cram poteratis vo!e:has n6iebat rnale:bat Ihatis
eras poterant male:bilmus Tbant
erat volebat n6ie:b<ltis maiebatis
eramus potera n6ie:bant maiehant Tha
era tis poteris vo!ebamus Tbis
crant polerit maJam Tbit
poterimus voJe:hatis males Tbimus
Future poteritis valebant Tbitis
era poterunt malet Tbunt
cris volam nolam maJemus
erit potuT n6les maietis iI
enrnus potuistT voles n61et malent TsH
eritis potu it volet n61emus iit
enmt potuimus vo!emus maiuT iimus
potuistis voietis noletis maIuisH Tstis
Perfect potuenmt volent maluit lemnt
fuT nolent maluimus
fuistT potueram maluistis leram
fuit potueras voluT naluT maluerunt ieras
fuimus etc. voluistI naluistI etc.
fuistis voluit naluit malueram
fuerunt potuera voluimus naluimus malueras iera
potueris voluistis naluistis etc. ieris
Pluperfect etc. voluerunt noluerunt etc.
Cueram maluera
fueras POSSl1ll volueram nalueram maiueris
etc. volueras nalueras etc.
possTs etc. etc.
Future Perfect possit
fuera possImus voluera naluera
fueris possItis volueris nalueris
ctc. possint etc. etc.

Present SUbjunctive
slln
velim nalim maIim earn
SIS velTs nolTs malTs cas
velit nalit maIit eat
sit vclTrnus noiTmus malTrnus camus
sTnms velnis nalTtis l11alTtis eatis
sTtis velint malint
sint nalint cant

13 Note that the verbs in this list have no passive
voice (except for the idiomatic impersonal passive of
eo, which is not used in this book).

Appendix 459

Imperfect possem vellem nollem mallem Trem
posses velles miilles Ires
CSSC111 posset vellet nolles mallei Iret
possemus vcllcmus nollet 1113Jlemus lrtmus
esses possetis velletis n611emus mfilletis Tretis
possent vellent n611ctis mallcnt Trent
esset nollent
esscmus potuerim maIucrim ierim
cssetis potucrIs volucrim nolucrim l11aJucrTs ierTs
essen! potuerit n61ucrTs maluerit
potuerlmus volucrIs malucrlmus ierit
Perfect potuerTtis n6iucrit maiuerTtis !crImus
fuerim potuerint volucrit maJucrint ierTtis
fucrTs voluerTmus noluerlmus ierint
fuerit potuisscm volucrTtis n61ucrTtis maluissc111
fucrTmus potuisscs voluerint noluerint l11uJuisscs Tssem
fuerTtis potuisse1 l11uluisset Isses
fuerint potUiSSCI1111S voluissem n6iuisscI11 1113111issel11us Isset
potuissctis voluisses noluisses maJuissetis Issemus
Pluperfect potuissellt voluissct noluisset maluisscnt Issetis
fuissem voluissemus nolllisscmlls Issent
fuisses Volllissetis noluissetis malle
fuisset Voillissent noJuissent maJuissc j
fuissel11us
fuissetis nolT Ite
fllissent nolIte
iells (gen. clint is)
Present Imperative Particillies itUl11
es nolens iturus
este cuncJus

Pres. potens volens ire
Pelf Isse
Fut. futurllS iturus esse
Gel:

PI: esse posse velIe Infinitives
P{ fuisse potuissc voluisse
Fu. futurus esse nolle
naJuisse
Of fore

IRREGULAR: fera, ferre, tull, lalum, to beal; carry

Indicative

Present Pass. Imperfect Pass. Future Pass.
Act. Act. Act.
ferar
fera feror fcrebam rerebar Icram tcreris(-re)
lers ferris(-re) ferebas rerebaris( -re) tcres f'crctur
fer! ferebat leremur
ferimus fertur ferebamus /'crcbatur /'eret fereminI
fertis Cerimur fercbatis Icrebamur fcrcmus ferentur
rerunt feril11inI Icrehant tcrebaminI fcrctis
feruntur ferebantur tcrent

460 Wheelock's Latin

Perfect Pass. Pluperfect Pass. Future Perfect Pass.
Act. Act. Act.
latus sum latus cram latus ere
tulT latus es tuleram UHlIS eras tulero latus eris
tulistT latus est tuleras latus erat tuleris latus erit
tulit etc. tulcrat etc. tulerit etc.
etc. etc. etc.

SUbjunctive

Present Pass. ImlJCrfect Pass. Perfect Pass.
Act. Act. Act. HHllS sim
feraf latus sis
leram feraris( -re) ferrcm ferrer tulerim latus sit
ferns ferreris( wrc) tulerIs etc.
ferat fcramm ferret ferretur tulerit
feramus feraminT fen'emus ctc. latus essem
feratis ferantllr ferretis ferremur latus esses
rerant ferrcnt fcrreminT Pluperfect latus esset
tulissem etc.
ferrentur tulisses
tulisset Pass.
Pres. Impel'. Pass. Participles Pass. etc. ferri
Act. Act. latus esse
latus Infinitives latum IrI
fer Pres. ferens ferendus Act.
refte Pert:
Fut. JatUrus feITe
tulisse
Iaturus esse

IRREGULAR: fio, fierI, factus sum, to happen, become; be made, be done

Indicative Impf. Fut. Perf. Pluperf. Fut. Perf.
Pres.
fIebam fIam factus sum factus eram factus ere
116 fiebas fIes factus es factus eras factus eris
fIs nebat fret factus est factus erat factus erit
fit ltebamus fIemus facti sumus facti eramus facti erimus
Ilmus fIebatis fietis facti estis facti eratis facti eritis
ntis fIcbant Dent facti sunt facti erant facti erunt
nunt

SUbjunctive Im})f. Perf. Pluperf.
Pres.

fIam Herem factus sim factus essem
fIITs fieres factus sis factus esses
fiat fieret factus sit factus esset
flamus fieremus factI sImus facti essemus
Ilatis fieretis facti sItis facti essetis

frant fierent facti sint facti essent

Pal't. Inf.
Pres. - - - fierI
Perf. factus factus esse
Fut. faciendus factum IrI

Imperative: fI, fTte

English-latin Vocabulary

An Arabic (I) in parentheses after a verb shows that this is a regular
verb of the first conjugation with a sequence of principal parts ending in
-are, -avi, -iitum. For prefixes and suffixes see the lists in the Appendix. For
more complete definitions of the Latin words, see the Latin-English Vocab-
ulary.

A also, quoque

abandon, relinguo, -ere, -liqu'i, -lictum although, cum + sub).

able (be), possum, posse, potul always, semper

about (concerning), de + ab!. among, inter + acc.

absolute ruler, tyrannus, In. ancestors, majores, mai6ru111, 111. pI.
ancient, antIquus, -a, -lim
abundance, copia, f and, ct, -que, ac, atque

accomplish, facio, -ere, fed, factum; be anger, Ira, -ae, f

aCCOml)lished, fTo, fierI, factus sum angry, Trutus, -<1, -lim
animal, animal, -malis, n.
across, trans + ace. announce, mlnti6 (I)
another, alius, -a, -lId
advice, consiliull1, n. answer, respondeD, -ere, -spond!, -sponsum
any, -all US, -a, -lim
advise, moneo, -uI, -itum any (anyone, anything, ({fier sl, nisi, nc, num), quis,

affect, adfici5, -ere, -fed, -tectum quid
argument, argGmcntul11, -I, n.
afraid (be), metuo, -1.11 army, exercitus, -us, In.
arms, arnm, -orum, 11. pl.
after, post + acc. arrest, comprehend6, -ere, -T, -hensum
arrogant, superbus, -a, -lim
afterwards, postea
art, aI's, artis, f
after all, postremurn
461
again, iterum

against, contra + ace.
f
age, actUs,

alas, hell, vae

all, omnis, -e

alone, sol us, -a, -urn

462 Wheelock's Latin

as, ut + inclie. but, sed, at
as ... as possible, quam + superlativE'
Asia, Asia, -ae, I by (= agent), a or ab + ab!.;

(= means), simple abl.

ask, rogo (1)

assure (I assure you, you may be assured), use c

personal prol1. in dar. case (da!. e.g.,

tibi) Caesar, Caesar, -saris, m.

at (= time), ab!. of time,' (= place), lac. o.lnames call, voeo (I); appeJlo (l)

of cities can, possum, posse, potuI

Athens, Athenae, -arum,I pl. capture, capio, -ere, eepY, captu111

attack, OppllgllO (1) care, cura, -ae, /

author, -toris, m. certain (definite, sure), certus, -a,

avert, avena, -ere, -I, -versum (indef) quIdam, quaedam, quiddam (pron.) or
away from, ab + aM
quoddam

certainly, eerie

B change, mato (1)

bad, malus, -a, -um character, mores, marum, m. pl.

band, manus, -us, I cheer, recreo (I)

banish, expello, -ere, -pun, -pulsum Cicero, Cicero, -ranis, m.
base, turpis, -c
be, sum, esse, fuI, fuWrum citizen, elvis, -is, 111. {I.'
beard, barba, -ae, /
beautiful, pulcher, -chra, -chrum; bell us, -a, -urn citizenship, cIvitas, -tatis, f
city, urbs, urbis, f
beauty, forma, -ae, I
come, venia, -Ire, venI, ventum
because, quod
become, fio, fierI, factus sum come baci(, revenio, -ventum

before, ante + ace. comfort, solacium, -iT, n.

beg, oro (1) command (noun), imperium, -iI, /1.;
began, coepI, coepisse, eoeptum (pres. system
(vb.), impero (1)
supplied by incipio)
begin, incipio, -ere, -cepI, -ceptum (see began common, communis, -e

above) commonwealth, res publica, ref publicae,/
believe, credo, -ere, -didI, -ditum
benefit, beneficium, -iI, n. compare, compara (1)
best, optimus, -a, -um
better, melior, -ius complain, queror, -I, quest us sum
blind, caecus, -a, -urn
body, corpus, -poris, n. concerning, de + abl.
(be) born, nascor, -I, natus sum
book, libel', -brI, m. confess, fateor, -erI, fassus sum
both ... and, et ... et
boy, puer, puerI, m. conquer, supero (1); vinc6, -ere, vIeI, victum
brave, fortis, -e
brief, brevis, -e. consllirators, coniflratI, -orum, m. pl.
bright, clarus, -a, -U111
bring, [era, ferre, tull, latu111 constellation, sId us, -deris, 11.
bring (back), refero, -ferre, -ttull, -IatU111
brother, frater, -tris, m. consul, consul, -sulis, m.
buH, bas, bovis, 111.1/
country, patria, -ae,l; terra, -ae,I

courage, virtus, -tiltis, f

create, creo (I)

custom, mas, moris, m.

crime, sceIus, -leris, 11.

D

danger, perIculum, -I, n.
dare, aude6, -ere, ausus sum
daughter, ITlia, -ae,/ (dat. and obI. pl. fTliabus)
day, dies, -cI, m.
dear, carus, -a, -um

death, mars, mortis, f English-Latin Vocabulary 463

dedicate, dedico (1) entrust, committo, -ere, -mIsI, -missum

deed, factum, -T, 11. envy, (be) envious, invideo, -ere, -vIdI, -vIsum +

defend, derenda, -erc, -T, -rensum dat.
err, erro (l)
delay, mora, -ae, f esteem, diligo, -ere, -lexI, -lectum
even, etiam; not even, ne ... quidem
delight, delecto (1) ever, umquam
every(one), ornnis, -e
deny, nego (I) evil (a({n, malus, -a, -urn; (noun), malum, -I, 11.
exhibit, ostendo, -ere, -I, -tentum
depart, disced6, -ere, -cessI, -cessum; abe6, -Ire, expect, exspectO (I)
expel, expello, -ere, -puli, -pulsum
-iT, -itum
eye, oculus, -I, m.
deprived of (be), careD, -ere, -1.11, -iturum
F
descendant, nepos, -potis, m.
face, vultus, -us, m.
desire (vb.), cupio, -ere, -lvi, -ltum; desIdero (1);
faith, fides, -el, f
(noun), voluptas, -tatis,f
faithful, fidelis, -e
despise, contemno, -ere, -tcmpsT, -temptum fall, cado, -ere, cecidI, casurum
false, falsus, -a, -urn
destroy, deleo, -ere, -evT, -etum
fame, fama, -ae, I
destruction, exitium, -1, 11. family, familia, -ae, f

die, morior, -1, mortuus sum farmer, agricola, -ae, m.
father, pater, -tris, 111.
difficult, difficilis, -c fault, culpa, -ae,l; vitium, -iI, 11.
fear (vb.), tirneo, -ere, -uI; (noun), metus, -fts, /11,;
dignity, dignitas, -tatis,I
timor, -moris, m.
dine, ceno (1) feel, senti6, -Ire, sellsI, sensum
feeling, sensus, -us, m.
dinner, -ae, f ferocious, ferox, gen. ferocis
few, paueT, -ae, -a (pl.)
discm'er, reperi6, -Ire, -pperT, -pertull1
fidelity, fides, -el, f
disgraceful, turpis, -c
fierce, acer, acris, acre; ferox, gen. ferocis
dissimilar, dissimilis, -c fifth, quIntus, -a, -um
finally, denique
do, facio, -ere, fecI, factum; be done, ITo, fierI, find, invenio, -Ire, -venT, -ventum
first (adj.), prImus, -a, -urn; (adv.) prImum, prImo
factus sum five, qUInque
flee, fugio, -ere, mgI, fugitftrum
doctor, medica, -ae,/; medicus, -I, m. follow, seqllor, -I, secutus sum
foolish, stultus, -a, -lim
drag, traho, -ere, traxI, tractum for (COl'(j.), nam, enirn; (= since, because), quod,

dread (vb.), metuo, -ere, -uI; (noun), metus, quoniam; (prep,), pro + abl,; ajien simply the

-us, m. da!. case.

drive out, expello, -ere, -pull, -pulsum force, vIs, vIs, I

E fOl'ces (tI'OOps), copiae, -al'um,f pl.

eagerness, studium, -iI, 11. forgive, ignosco, -ere, -novi, -notum + dat.

ear, auris, -is,f former, prior, prius
fortunate, fortftnatus, -a, -urn
easy, facilis, -e

eight, octo

either, uter, utra, utrum

either ... or, aut ... aut

eleven, undecim

emperor, -toris, m.

end, finis, -is, m.

endure, fero, ferre, tulT, Iatum; patior, -I, pass us

sum

enemy, host1s, -is, m. (usually pl.)

enjoy, fitor, -I, usus sum + ab!.

enjoyment, fructus, -us, m.

enough, satis

entire, tOtus, -a, -U111

464 Wheelock's Latin

fortune, fortUna, -ae,.f healthy, sanus, -a, -um
forum, forum -I, n.
four, quattnor heal', audio, -Ire, -lvI, -Hum
free (vb.), llbero (I); (adj.), lIbel', -era, -erum
heart (in one's), use personal p/'On. in dat. case (dat.
freedom, lIbertas, -UHis, f
q/,re[erence, e.g.) mihi, tibi)
freely, IIbere
friend, amIca, -ae,l; amIcus, -I, 111. heavy, gravis, -e
friendly, amIcus, -a, Mum
help (vb.), adiuvo, -are, -iHvT, -iutum;
friendship, amlcitia, Mae, f
(noun), auxilium, -iI, n.
frighten, terreD, -cre, -uT, -itum
her (possessive) eius (not rejlexive); suus, -a, -urn
from (away), ab; (out) ex; (down) de: all + abl.
(reflexive)
fruit, fructus, -us, m.
full, plenus, -a, -urn herself, suI (reflexive); ipsa (intensive)

G hesitate, dubito (l)

game, ifJdus, -I, 111. high, altus, -a, -urn

gate, porta, Mae, f higher, altior, superior, -ius

general, dux, ducis, 111.; imperator, -toris, m. himself, suT (reflexive); ipse (intensive)

gift, d6num, -r, 11. his, eius (not reflexive); suus, -a, -urn (reflexive)
girl, puella, Mae, f
hold, ten eo, -ere, -uI, tentum
give, do, dare, dedi, datum
(be) glad, gaudee, -ere, gavTsus sum home, domus, -Hs,I; at home, domI;

glory, gloria, Mae, f (to) home, domum; from home, dorno

go, eo, Ire, iI, itull1 honor, honor, -noris, m.
go astray, elTO (l)
go away, abeD, -Ire, -iI, -itum h01'e (noun), spes, -eI,f; (vb.), spero (l)
god, deus, -I, m. (VOl: sg. deus, 110m. pl. deT or dI,
horn, cornu, -us, n.
dal. and abl. pl. dIs)
goddess, dca, -ae,I (rIal. and abl. pl. deabus) horse, equus, -1, m.
good, bonus, -a, Mum
gratitude, gratia, / hour, h6ra, -ae,.f
great, magnus, -urn
greedy, avarus, -a, -um house, casa, -ae,.f
Greek, Graecus, -a, -um; a Greek, Graecus, -1, 111.
grieve, doleo, -ere, -uI, -iturum however, autel11 (postpositive)
ground, humus, -1,/; terra, -ae,I
how great, quantus, -a, -um
guard, custodia, -ae, I
how many, quat
H
human, humanlls, -a, -um
hand, manus, -Os,/
happy, beatus, -a, -um; felix, gen. felids human being, hom6, -minis, m.

harm, noceo, -ere, -UI, -itUl1l + dar. humane, humanus, -a, -um

harsh, durus, -a, -um; acerbus, -a, -um humble, humilis, -e
have, habeo, -ere, -uI, -itum
he, is; afien indicated by the personal ending hundred, centum

vb. hurt, noceo, -ere, -uI, -itum + dat.
head, caput, -pitis, J1.
I

I, ego, meT; often cqJ1n:\'ed by the personal

ending of vb.

if, sI; if ... not, nisi

ill, malum, -1, n.

illustrious, clarus, -a, -lim

immortal, immortalis, -e

in, in + ab!.

infancy, Infantia, -ae, j.'

injustice, injuria, -ae, f
into, in + (lCC.

invite, invIto (1)

iron, ferrum, -1, n.

it, is, ea, id; bu/icated only by personal ending

vb.

English-Latin Vocabulary 465

Italy, Halia, -ae, j lose, amittiS, -mIsI,
itself, sUI v"efle::dve); ipsum (intensil'e)
loye (Jlb.), amo (1); VlOlIl1), amo1', amoris,!1'l.

J loyal, fide lis, -e

join, iung6, -ere, iunx], iunctulTI luck, fortUna, -ae, f
judge, iudex, -dicis, m.
judgment, indicium, -iT, n. M
just, iustus, -a, -lim
make, facio, feel, factum

man, vir, virI, m.; homo, 111.;

a/len expressed by masc. at!}.

K many, multi, -ae, -a

keen, acer, acris, acre master, magister, -trI, 111.; dominus, -I, 11'1.
keenly, acri ter
kindness, beneficium, -iI, 11. may (indicating permission to do something), licet
king, rex, regis, m.
kiss, basiulTI, -iI, n. + dat. +
knee, genrt, -us, 11.
know, seiD, -Ire, -lvI, -Hum; not know, nescio, -Ire, me. See I.

-TvI, -Hum memory, memoria, -ae, f

knowledge, scientia, -ae, f mercy, clementia,

method, modus, -I, I'll.

middle, medius, -a, -lim

mind, mens, mentis, f

mix, misceo, -ere, mixtulTI

mob, VUlgus, -I, J1. (w)Jnetimcs m.)

L modest, pudTcllS, -a,

-boris, m. money, pecunia, -ae, I

labor, monument, monumentUI11, 11.
lack, carea, -ere, -lII, -itiirum + aM
land, patria, -ae, I; terra, -ae, f more, pHis, pi uris; camp. of([t(j. or ad)!.

language, lingua, -ae, f most, pHiriI11us, super/. Of adv.

mother, -tris,I

large, magnus, -a, -urn mountain, mons, montis, ITI.

I..Jatin, LatInus, -a, -urn move, moveo, -ere, movI, matum

law, lex, legis, f much, multus, -a, -um

lead, duco, -cre, duxi, ductum murder, neeo (1)

leader, dux, duds, m. must, debco, -ere, 0/; .fiJI' passil!e, use

learn (in the academic sense), disco, -cre, didicT; passi)!e periphrw.;{ic

(gel cognosco, my, meus, -a, -um (111. voc. sg. mI)

leave, abeo, -Ire, -iI, -itum myself (re./fexive), mel, mihi, etc.;

left, sinister, -tnt, -trU11l (intensive) ipse, ipsa

leisure, otium, -iI, n.

let (someone do something), express this Ivith N

jllssi)!c

letter (epistle), litterae, -arum,f pI. name, nomen, -minis, 11.

liberty, IIbertas, -tatis,I narrate, narro (1)

life, vIta, -ae, I nation, gens, gentis, f
light, lUx, Hicis, f nature, natUra, I

listen (to), audio, -Ire, -lvI, -Hum neglect, negJego, -giexi. -glectum

literature, litterae, -arum, f pl. neighbor, vkIna, vicTnus, -I, 111.

little, parvus, -a, -um; little book, libellus, -I, 11'1. neither, .. nor, neqllc ... neqlle

live, vIvo, -ere, vIxI, victum; live one's life, vItam never, nllmqllam

ago, egI, actum nevertheless, tamen

long (for a long time), diu new, nov us, -a,

466 Wheelock's latin

night, nox, noctis, f patience, patientia, -ae, f

nine, novem pay. See penalty.
no, nilllus, -a, -um
nobody, no one, nemo, m.(l;.lbr decl. see Lat.-Eng. peace, pax, pacis, I

Vocab. penalty, poena, -ae, f; pay the IJCnalty, poenas
not, non; ne with jllssive, jllssive noun, {lnd purp-
dare
clauses; ut ll'ith fear clauses
nothing, nihil (indecl.), 11. people, populus, -I, m.
now,nunc
number, numerus, -I, m. perceive, sentio, -Ire, sensI, sensum

perhaps, fortasse f
I)criod (of time), aetas,

perish, pereo, -lre, -iI, -itum

permit, patior, -I, passus sum;

o it is permitted, lieet, licere, licuit (impcr5:)

obey, pareo, -ere, -U1 + dot. perpetual, perpetuus, -a, -urn

persuade, persuadeo, -ere, -suasI, -suasurn + dal.

offer, offeri}, -ferre, obtulT, obIatul11 philosopher, sapiens, -entis, m.; philosopha, -ae,I;

office, oilicium, -iI, n. philosophus, -T, m.

often, saepe philosophy, philosophia, -ae, f

old, antTquus, -<1, -um; senex, senis place, locus, -I, !J1.; pl., IDea, -orum, n.

old man, senex, senis, rn. plan, consiiiulTI, -iI, 11.

on (= place), in + abl.; (= lime), simple obI. llieasallt, iucundus, -a, -um
on account of, propter + ace.
Iliease, placeD, -ere, -uI, -itum + dat.; with a

once, semel request, amfibo te

one, unus, -a, -um pleasure, volupUis, -tatis, f
l)lebeiaos, plebs, plobis, f
only (adl'.), tantum; (adj.), solus, -a, -um plot, Tnsidiae, -arum, f pl.

opinion, sententia, -ae,f; (in one's) opinion, lise

personal pron. in da!. case (dot. ofrejerence, e.g., poem, carmen, -mInIS, n.

mihi, tibi) poet, pacta, -ae, I'll.

opportunity, occi'isio, -onis, f (as ... as) possible greatest possible, brightest
possible, etc.), quam + ,\·uperl.
01', aut or adE

oration, 6ratio, -onis,I power (command), imperium, -i1, 11.

orator, orator, -toris, m. powerful, potens, gen. potentis

order, iubeo, -ere, iussI, iussum; impero (1) + dat. praise (vb.), laudo (I); (noun), laus, laudis,f

(in) order to, ut (+ in order not to, ne ( + prefer, malO, malie, malul

subj.) prepare, parD (1)

other, another, alins, alia, aliud; preserve, conservo (1)

the other (of 1\'\'0), alter, -era, -erum; press, premo, -ere, pressI, pressum

(all) the other, ceterT, -ae, -a Inetty, bellus, -a, -um; pulcher, -dua, -chrum

ought, debeo, -ere, -liT, -itum; 01; for passive, lise priest, sacerdos, -dotis, m.

passive penjJlirastic prohibit, prohibeo, -ere, -uT, -hum

our, noster, -tra, -trum promise, promitto, -ere, mTsT, -missum

out of, ex + ahl. provided that, dummodo + sub).

overcome, supero (1) pupil, discipula, -ae,f; discipulus, -1,111.

overpower, opprimo, -ere, -pressI, -pressum pursuit, studiuIl1, -iI, 11.

OWII, his OWI1, suus, -a, -um; my own, mens, -a, -um put, pono, -ere, pasuT, positum

p Q

paill, dolor, -loris, 111. queen, regIna, -ae, I

part, pars, partis, f quici(, ceIer, -eris, -cre
quickly, celeriter, cito
passage, locus, -1, m.
passion, cupiditas, -tatis,I

English-latin Vocabulary 467

R seek, pet6, -ere, -lvI, -!tum; quaero, -ere, -sIvI,

raise, to1l6, were, sustlln, sublatum -sTtum

rather: express this with comp. degree qlo((j. or seem, videor, -erI, visus sum

(u/J!. seize, rapia, -ere, -uT, raptum

read, ieg6, -ere, legT, lectul11 senate, senatus, -us, 111.

real, VenIS, -a, Mum send, mitto, -ere, mIsI, missum

reaSOIl, ratio, -onis, I serious, gravis, -e

receive, accipi6, -ere, -cepium serve, servia, -Ire, -lvI, -Hum + dat.

recite, recito (1) service, officium, -iI, n.

recognize, recognosc6, -ere, -novI, -nitum seven, septem

refuse, rccl!s6 (1 ) she, ea; (dten indicated only by the personal ending

regain, recipi6, -ere, weep!, -cepium vb.

region, loca, -arum, 11. ship, navis, -is,I

remain, remaneo, -ere, -mansI, -mansum short, brevis, -e

report, nunti6 (l) show, ostendo, -ere, -I, -tentum

republic, res publica, reT publicae, f shun, vIto (1); fugio, -ere, mgI, fugiturum

reputation, rama, -ae,f sign, signum, -I, 11.

rescue, eripi6, -cre, -uT, -reptul11 similar, simi lis, -e

rcst, the rest, ceter!, Mae, -a since, quoniam + indic.; cum + subj.; obI. abs.
sister, soror, -roris, I
restrain, tene6, -ere, -uI, -tentum
six, sex
return (go back), redea, -Ire, -iT, -itum
skill, ars, artis, I
ret'urn (in return for), pro + ab!.
slave, servus, -I, 111.; slavegirl, serva, -ae,I
riches, dlvitiae, -arum, I pl.
slavery, servitus, -tiHis,I
right (noun), ius, iuris, 1'1.; (a((j.), dexter,
sleep (vb.), dormio, -Ire, -lvI, -hum; (noun),
-trum
somnus, -I, 111.
road, via, Mae, I
slender, gracilis, -e
Roman, Romanus, -a,
small, parvus, -a, Mum
Rome, Renna,
so, ita, sIc with vbs.), tam (usually with
rose, rosa, Mae, I
a(Us. and advs.); so great, tantus, -a, -um
nile (noun), regnum, -I, 11.; (vh.), rego, -ere, rexI,
soldier, mIles, -litis, 111.
rectum
some, a certain one (indeI), quidam, quaedam,
rumor, rumor, -moris, 111.
quiddam; (more emphatic jmm.), aliquis, ali quid
run, curro, -ere, cucurrT, cursum
some ... others, aliI ... am

son, millS, -iI, 111.

s SOOIl, mox

sort, genus, -neris, 11.

sad, tristis, -e soul, animus, -I, l11.

safe, salvlls, -a, Mum sound, sanns, Mum; saivus, -a, -um

safety, sa Ins, -liHis, / spare, parco, -ere, pepercI, parsurum + dal.

sailor, nauta, Mae, 111. speak, dIco, -ere, dIxT, dictum; loquor, -I, locutus

sal(e (for the sake of), gen. + causa sum

salt, sal, salis, 111. spirit, spIritus, -us, l11.

same, Idem, eadem, idem stand, st6, stare, stetl, statum

satisfy, satia (l) start, proficTscor, -I, -fectus sum

save, servo (l); conscrv6 (1) state, cIvitas, -tatis,I; res pfIblica, reI publicae, I
story, fabula, I
say, dTco, -ere, dTxI, dictum street, via, Mae, I
strength, vU'es, -ium, I pl.
school, Iudus, -1, 1J1.

sea, mare, -IS, 11.

second, secundus, -a, Mum; -era, -erum strong, fortis, Me; be strong, valec, -ere, -uT, -iturum

see, video, -ere, vIdI, vIsum student, discipula, -ae,,!; discipulus, -I, J11.

468 Wheelock's Latin

study (noun), studium, -iT, n.; (l'b.), studea, -ere, -uT three, tres, tria

+ dot. through, per + ace.
throughout, per + acc.
suddenly, subito
throw, iacio, -ere, iecI, iactllm
summer, aesUis, -tatis,/
sun, sol, solis, m. thus, sIc
support, ala, -ere, -uI, altum
time, tempus, -poris, n.,' (period of) time, aetas,
suppose, oplnor, -arI, -atus sum; puto (I)
-talis,I
suppress, opprimo, -primere, -pressI, -pressum to (place ro lI'hich), ad + ace.; (incl.
sUIll'eme power, imperium, -iI, n. dm.;
sure, certus, -a, -um (jJurp.), ut + sul?/, ad + gerund or gerundive

surrender, trUdo, -ere, -didT, -dittnn today, hodic
sweet, dulcis, -e
totemtc, lolero (I)
swift, celer, -eris, -ere
tomorrow, eras
sword, ferrum, -1, n.; glaJius, -iI, 117.
too, nimis, nimium; or lise COl11p. (kgree qj'm(/ or
Syracuse, SyracGsae, -arum, I p/.
adv.

touch, tango, -ere, tetigI, tactum

travel (abroad), peregrInor, -arI, -atus sum

T trivial, levis, -e

troops, copiac, -arum,I pl.

talk, loquor, -I, -cfItus sum Troy, Troia,

teach, docca, -cre, -u1, doctum true, VenIS, -a, -Ul11

tcacher, magister, -trI, m.; magistra, -ae,I truly, vere

tear, lacrima, -ae, I trust, credo, -ere, -clidI, + dat.

tell, dlca, -ere, dlxI, dictum truth, veritas, -tatis, I

ten, decem try, experior, -TrI, expertus sum

terrify, ten'eo, -ere, -uI, -itum turn, verto, -ere, -T, versum

territory, fines, -ium, 111. pl. twenty, vIgintI

than, quam; or shnple obI. two, duo, duae, duo

thank, gratias ago, -ere, egT, actum + da/. type, genus, -neris, n.

that (demonslralive), iIlc, illa, iliud; is, ea, id; tyrant, tyrannus, -I, 111.

that (of yours), iste, ista, istud

that G";ubord. not expressed in ind. slale.,· ut u
(purp. and result); ne (fear)
unable (be) non possum
that ... not, ne (purp.), ut ... non (result); ut uncertain, incertus, -a, -UI11

(fear) under, sub + abl. (= place Ivhere),
+ ace. (= place 10 Ivhich)
that (/'e/. pron.), qU1, quae, quod
understand, intcllego, -lexI, -lectum;
their, suus, -a, -um (reflexive); eorum, earum (not comprehenclo, -ere, -I, -hensum

reflexive) unfortunate, miser, -era, -erum
unless, nisi
them. See he, she, it. unwilling (be), nolo, nolie, 1161uI
urban, urbane, urbanus, -a, -um
then, tum, deinde urge, hortor, -arI, -atlls sum

there, ibi use, (Hor, -I, ilsus sum + abl.

therefore, igitur (po:.;tposi/ive)

these. See this, demonstrative.

they. See he, she, it; (dicl1 expressed simply by the

personal emUng

thing, res, rei, f; the neul. of an (uu.

think, puto (l); arbitror, -arI, -atus Sllm v

third, tertius, -a, -llm verse, versus, -fIs, 111.
very, express this by rhe super!. degree
this, hie, haec, hoc; is, ea, icl
adl'.
those. See that, demons/maw. vice, vitium, -iI, 11. or

thousand, mIlle (indecl. m(j. sg.), mIlia, -iflln, n.

(110U/1 in pl.)

English-Latin Vocabulary 469

Virgil, Vcrgilius, -iI, 111. willing (be), vola, velie, voluI
windm\', fenestra, -ae,l
virtue, virtfls, -tutis,f
wine, vinulTI, -I, n.
w wisdom, sapientia, -ae,l

wage, gero, -ere, gcssI, gestLl111 wise, sapiens, gcn. sapientis

walls, l11oenia, -iU111, n. pl. wisely, sapienter

want, vola, velle, volu! wish, cupio, -ere, -lvI, -Hum; volO, velie, volul

war, bellum, -I, n. with, cum + ([bl.; ([hi. means (no prep.)
without, sine + abl.
warn, monco, -ere, -lII, -itul11
woman, £'emina, -ae,l; (diell ci.pressed byfem. qj'
water, aqua, -ae, f an a(U.

\vc. Sec I; (d/en expressed hy the personal word, verbum, -I, n.
work, labor, -boris, m.; opus, opens, n.
ending
world, mundus, -I, m.
wealth, dlvitiae, -arum,.f pI.
worse, pelOr, -JUs
weapons, arma, -Drum, n. pl. worst, pcssimus, -a, -um

well, bene write, scrIbo, -ere, scripsI, scrIptum

what (pron.), quid; ((1((/), quI, quae, quod writer, scriptor, -toris, I'll.

whatever, quisquis, quidquid

when, parliCljJia/ phrase; ab!. abs.; cum +

(interrogative), quando; (rei.), ubi y

\"hence, unde, adv.

where, ubi year, annus, -I, m.

wherefore, quare yesterday, herl

which (rei. prol1. and interrogative ({((n, quI, quae, yield, cedo, -ere, cessI, cessum

quod you, tH, tuI; (dten expressed by the personal

while, dum cJ1(Hng q/IJh,

who (re/.), quT, quae, quod; (interrogative), quis, young man, adulescens, -centis, 111.

quid your (sg), hIUS, -a, -um; (pl.), vester, -tnl, -trUl11

whole, t6tus, -a, -um yourself (reflexive), tUI, tibi, etc.; (intensive), ipse,

why, ClIr Ipsa

wicked, malus, -a, -um youth, iuvenis, -is, 111.

wife, uxor, uxoris, l

Latin-English Vocabulary

An Arabic numeral after a vocabulary entry indicates the chapter in
which the word is first introduced as an item of required vocabulary. Arabic
(I) in parentheses after a verb shows that this is a regular verb of the first
conjugation with a sequence of principal parts ending in -are, -avi, -atum.
For prefixes and sumxes see the lists in the Appendix.

acquil'o, -quisivi, acquire, gain

A ad)!., keenly, fiercely. 32

a or ab, prep. + (fbl.! from, away from; ad, prep. + acc., to, up to, ncar to. 8

addiseo, -ere, -didici, learn in addition

by (agent). 14 addiieo, -diixi, -duetllm, lead to, induce

abeo, -ire, -ii, -itum, go away, depart, leave. 37 adeo, -ire, -ii, -itum, go to, approach. 37

absconditus, -a, -urn, hidden, secret adfero, -ferre, attllli, aIHitum, bring to. 31

absens, gel1. -sentis, a{t}., absent, away. 37 adfieiO, -ere, -feci, -fectum, affect, amict, weaken

absum, -esse, iifui, iifutiinlln, be away, be absent adicio, -ere, -ieetum, add

abundantia, -ae,l, abundance adiuvo, -are, -iiivi, -Hitum, help, aid, assist;

ac. See atque. please. 4

-ere, -cessi, -cessum, come near, admil'or, -nri, -atus SUII1, wonder at, admire

approach. 36 admitto, -ere, -misi, -missum, admit, receive,

accipiO, -erc, -ceJli, -ceptum, take, receive, let in. 17

accept. 24 admoneo = moneo

accommodo (1), adjust, adapt adnuo, -nul, nod assent

acciisatol', -toris, m., accuser adoptii (I), wish for oneself, select. aclopt

aecuso (1), accuse adsllm, -esse, -fui, -futurum, be ncar, be present,

acer, acris, acre, sharp, keen, eager, severe, assist

fierce. 16 adiilntio, -onis,/, fawning, flattery

acerbiHis, -Hitis,l, harshness aduIescens, -centis, 11'1. ({nel/, young man or

acerbus, -a, harsh, bitter, grievous. 12 woman. 12

Achilles, -is, m., Achilles, Greek hero, chief aduIescentia, -ae,/, youth, young manhood;

character in the IUad youthfulness. 5

acies, sharp edge, keenness, line of battle adultus, -a, -11m, grown up, mature, adult

470

Latin-English Vocabulary 471

adoro, -ere, -ussi, -usturn, set fire to, burn, singe amicus, -a, -um, friendly. II
adveniO, -ire, -veni, -ventllll1, come (to), arrive
adversus, -a, -um, facing, opposite, adverse. 34 amicus, -I, 111., (male) friend. 3
amitto, -ere, -misi, -missum, lose, let go. 12
adversus, prep. + ace., toward, facing; against amo (1), love, like; am abo te, please. 1
amo.., amoris, 111., love. 7
advesperascit, advesperascere, advespera\'it, amoveo, -ere, -movi, -rnotum, move away, remove
impel's., evening is coming on, it is growing
dark an, adj!. and con). introducing the second part ofa

aedificiurn, -ii, 11., building, structure. 39 double question utrum), or; used alone, or,
aegre, adv., with difficulty, hardly, scarcely
aequitas, -tatis,l, justice, fairness, equity can it be that
ae(IIIIIS, -a, -lIm, level, even, calm, equal, just, 3ncilla, -ae,l, maidservant
angelus, -I, m., angel
favorable. 22 angulus, -I, 111., corner
aes, aeris, J1., bronze. 40 angustus, -a, -um, narrow, limited
aestas, -tatis,l, summer. 35
acstlls, -us, m., heat, tide anima, -ne,l, soul, spirit. 34
aetas, -Hitis,l, period of life, life, age, an age, animal, -malis, n., a living creature, animal. 14
animus, -I, 11'1., soul, spirit, mind; animi, -orum,
time. 16
aeternus, -a, -um, eternal high spirits, pride, courage. 5
Agamemnon, -nonis, m., Agamemnon, annus, -I, m., year. 12

commander-in-chief of the Greek forces at l')'oy ante, prep. + acc, before (in place or lime), in
ager, agri, m., field, farm. 3
ago, -ere, egi, actum, drive, lead, do, act; of time front of; adv., before, previously. 13

or l{fC, pass, spend; !lntea, adv., before, formerly
antepono, -ere, -posoi, -positum, put before, prefer
griitias agere + dat., thank. 8
+ dat. 35
agricola, -ae, m., farmer. 3
agricultura, -ae,l, agriculture ant'iquus, -a, -um, ancient, old-time. 2
ait, aiunt, he says, they say, assert. 25
Alexander, -dri, m., Alexander the Great, Apollo, -linis, m., Phoebus Apollo, god of sun,
prophecy, poetry, etc.
renowned Macedonian general and king,
4th cen., H.C. apparatus, -os, 111., equipment, splendor
alienus, -a, -um, belonging to another (cp. alius), .ppellii (1), speak to, address (as), call, name. 14
foreign, strange, alien
alioqui, adE, otherwise .pprobii (1), approve
aliqui, aliqua, aliquod, indef: pronominal ({((i,
some appropinquo (I) + dal., approach, draw ncar to
aliquis, aliquid (gen. alicuius; dat. alicui), indel
pron., someone, somebody, something. 23 alltns, -a, -um, fit, suitable
aliter, a(h, otherwise
alius, alia, aliud, other, another; apud, prep. + ace., among, in the presence of, at
alii ... alii, some ... others. 9
alO, -ere, alui, altum, nourish, support, sustain, the house of. 31
increase; cherish. 13
niter, -era, -erum, the other (of two), second. 9 aqua, -ae, I, water. 14
altus, -a, -urn, high, deep
ambitifi, -finis,j', a canvassing for votes; ambition; ara, -ae,l, altar
ariinea, -ae,j.", spider's web
flattery
ambulO (I), walk. 39 arbitror, -ari, -atus sum, judge, think. 34
amen, adv. j/'om Hehrcw, truly, verily, so be it
amica, -ac,l, (female) friend. 3 arbor, -boris,l, tree. 38
amicitia, -ae,l, friendship. 10 arClIS, -us, m., bow
amiculum, -I, 1'1., cloak argentum, -I, n., silver, money
argfimentum, -I, n., proof, evidence, argument. 19
anna, -orum, n., arms, weapons. 28

al'o (I), plow
aI'S, artis,l, art, skill. 14

arx, arcis,I, citadel, stronghold. 23

as, assis, m., an as (a small copper coin roughly
equivalent to a cent). 31

Asia, -ae,l, Asia, commonly the Roman province

in Asia Minor. 12
asper, -era, -erum, rough, harsh. 21
aspicio, -cre, -spexi, -spectum, look at, behold

472 Wheelock's Latin

assentator, -toris, 111., yes-man, flatterer bonus, -a, -UIll, good, kind. 4 (comp. melior; superl.
oplimlls. 27)
astrum, -I, 11., star, constellation
bos, bovis, m.U:, bull, ox, cow
at, COI?j., but; but, mind you; but, you say; a more brevis, -e, short, small, brief. 16
brevitas, -tatis,f, shortness, brevity
emotional adversative than sed. 19 breviter, at/v., briefly
Britannia, -ae,/, Britain
ateI', Mra, atrum, dark, gloomy Bnmdisilllll, -ii, 11., important seaport in S. Italy
Brutus, -i, m., famous Roman name: L. Junius
Athenae, -arum,/ pl., Athens. 37
Brutus, who helped establish the Roman
Athcnicnsis, -e, Athenian; AthcniCnscs, -ium, the republic; M, Junius Brutus, one of the
conspirators against Julius Caesar
Athenians

atquc or ac, c()}'(j., and, and also, and even. 21

atqui, and yet, still

auctor, -toris, m., increaser; a lIthor, originator. 19

auctoritas, -tatis,/, authority

audacia, -ae,l, daring, boldness, audacity

audax, gell. audacis, daring, bold C

audeo, -ere, ausus sum, dare. 7 c., abbreviation for the common name Gaius

audiO, -ire, -ivi, -itum, hear, listen to. to

auditor, -toris, 111., hearer, listener, member of an cado, -ere, cecidI, casurum, fall. 12

audience. 16 caecus, -a, -um, blind. 17

-ferrc, abstuli, abliitum, bear away, carry caelestis, -e, heavenly, celestial

off caeium, -i, 11., sky, heaven. 5

Augustus, -I, m., Augustus, the first Roman Caesar, -saris, 11'1., especially Gaius Julius

emperor Caesar. 12

aureus, -a, -um, golden calamitas, -tatis,I, misfortune, disaster

am'is, -is,l, ear. 14 calculus, -i, "1'1., pebble

aurum, -I, 11., gold campana, -ae,I, bell (late Lat.)

aut, or; aut ... Hut, either ... or. 17 candidus, -a, -um, shining, bright, white; beautiful.

autem, postpositive however; moreover. 11 33

auxilium, -ii, 11., aid, help. 31 cHnis, -is (gen. pl. canum), m.U:, dog

avaritia, -ae,l, greed, avarice cano, -ere, cecini, cantul11, to sing about

avarus, -a, -um, greedy, avaricious. 3 cantO (1), sing

aveho, -ere, -vexi, -vectum, carry away capillus, -i, 111., hair head or beard)

iiverto, -ere, -verti, -vcrSUIll, turn away, avert. 23 calliO, -ere, Celli, calltulll, take, capture, seize,

iivoco (I), call away, divert get. 10

caplo (1), grab, seek to get, hunt for (legacies,

B etc.)

caput, -pitis, n., head; leader; beginning; life;

balbus, -a, -um, stammering, stuttering heading, chapter. 11

barba, -ae,/, beard carbo, -bonis, 111., coal, charcoal

basium, -ii, n., kiss. 4 carco, -ere, -ui, -iturum + obI. of separation, be

beatus, -a, -mn, happy, fortunate, blessed. 10 without, be deprived of, want, lack, be free

bellicus, -a, -Ulll, relating to war, military from. 20

bellum, -i, n., war. 4 diritas, -tatis,/, dearness, affection

bellus, -a, -UIll, pretty, handsome, charming. 4 carmen, -minis, 11., song, poem. 7

bene, at/v. q/bonus, well, satisfactorily, quite. 11 cm'po, -ere, carpsi, carptum, harvest, pluck;

(comp. melius; slIper!. 32) seize. 36

beneficium, -ii, 11., benefit, kindness, favor. 19 Carthago, -girlis,I, Carthage (city in N. Africa).

bcnevolenthl, -ae,l, good will, kindness 24

bestia, -ac,/, animal, beast cal'Us, -a, -mn, dear. 11

bibo, -ere, bibi, drink. 30 casa, -ae, f, house, cottage, hut. 21

bis, adv., twice casus, -us, "1'1., accident, chance

Vocabulary 473

catena, -ae,/, chain collum, -I, n., neck
Catilioa, -ae, 111., L. Sergius Catiline, leader of colO, -ere, colui, cultnm, cultivate; cherish
color, -oris, m., color
the conspiracy against the Roman state in commemoro (1), remind, relate, mention
commisceo, -ere, -ui, -mixtum, intermingle, join
63 B.C. conunitto, -ere, -misi, -missum, entrust, commit. 15
Catullus, -I, m., Gaius Valerius Catullus, 1st cen. communis, -e, common, general, of/for the

H.C. lyric poet community. 20
cattus, -I, m., cat (late lvordfof classical !eies, -is) comparo (1), compare
causa, -ae,/, cause, reason; case, situation; causa compono, -ere, -posui, -positum, put together,

l!'ith (/ preceding gen., for the sake of, on compose
account o[ 21 comprehendo, -ere, -hendi, -hcnsum, grasp, seize,
caveo, -ere, cavi, cautum, beware, avoid
cavus, -i, m., hole arrest; comprehend, understand. 30
cedo, -ere, cessi, cessum, go, withdraw; yield to, concedo, -ere, -cessi, -cessum, yield, grant, concede
submit, grant. 28 concilium, -ii, 11., council
celer, -eris, -ere, swift, quick, rapid. 16 condo, -ere, -didi, -ditmn, put together or into,
celeritas, -tatis,/, speed, swiftness
celeriter, swiftly, quickly store; build, found, establish. 29
cena, -ae,/, dinner. 26 confcro, -ferre, contuli, colHitum, bring together,

ceno (I), dine. 5 compare; se conferre, betake oneself, go. 31
confido, -ere, -fisus sum, have confidence in,
centum, indeel. adj., a hundred. 15
cerno, -ere, crevi, crctum, distinguish, discern, believe confidently, be confident
confiteor, -ed, -fessus sum, confess
perceive. 22 congrego (I), gather together, assemble
cerN';, ([(IE, certainly conicio, -ere, -ied, -iectum, throw, hurl, put with
certus, -a, -um, definite, sure, certain, reliable. 19
cenus, -I, 111., stag, deer force; put together, conjecture
cetcri, -ae, -a, the remaining, the rest, the coniUratiO, -onis,/, conspiracy
coniurati, -orum, m. pl., conspirators. 20
other. 30 conor, -ari, -atus sum, try, attempt. 34
Cicero, -ronis, 111., Marcus TulIius Cicero. 8 cOllscientia, -ae,/, consciousness, knowledge;
cicfita, -ae,/, hemlock (poison)
cinis, -neds, m., ashes conSClcnce
circenses, -iUOl, m. pl. liidi), games in the conscins, -a, -UIll, conscious, aware of
conseryo (1), preserve, conserve, maintain.
Circus consilium, -ii, 17., counsel, advice, plan, purpose;
cito, (ldv., quickly. 17
civilis, -c, civil, civic judgment, wisdom. 4
civis, -is, m.(t, citizen. 14
civitas, -tatis,/, stHte, citizenship. 7 consisto, -ere, -stiti + in, depend on
darus, -a, -urn, clear, bright; renowned, famous, const'o, -are, -stiti, -st'aturum + ex, consist of

illustrious. 18 consllesco, -ere, -suevi, -suetum, become
claudo, -ere, clausi, clausum, shut, close accustomed
clementia, -ae,l, mildness, gentleness, mercy. 16
cocpi, coepissc, coeptum ({Iefective vb.; pres. system consul, -sulis, m., consul. 11
consulO, -ere, -sului, -sultum, look out have
supplied by incipiO), began. 17
coerceo, -ere, -ui, -itum, curb, check, repress regard for
cogito (1), think, ponder, consider, plan. 1 consultum, -I, n., decree
cognfisco, -ere, ..novi, ollitUIll, become acquainted cOllsumo, -ere, -sumpsi, -siimptum, use up,

with, learn, recognize; in pell tenses, know. 30 consume. 30
eogo, -ere, coegi, coactum, drive or bring together,
contemno, -cre! -tempsi, -tCIIlJltUIll, despise, scorn.
force, compel. 36 36
colligo, -ere, -Iegi, -lCctum, gather together, collect
colloeo (1), place, put, arrange cOIlt'endo, -ere, -tendi, -t'entum, strive, struggle,
contend, hasten. 29

contineo, -ere, -tinuij -tel1tum, hold together, keep,
enclose, restrain, contain. 21

474 Wheelock's latin

contingo, -ere, -tigij -tactum j touch closely, befall, curro, -ere, cucurri, run, rush, move
fall to one's lot
quickly. 14

contra, prep. -+. acc., against. 19 cursus, -us, m., running, race; course. 28

contulldo, -tundcre, -tudi, -tiisumj beat, crush, curvus, -a, -11111, curved, crooked, wrong
bruise, destroy. 36
custodia, protection, custocly;pl., guards. 32

conturbo (1), throw intn confusinn custOs, -todis, m., guardian, guard

convcrto, -cre, -verti, -VCl'sum, turn around, cause

tn turn D

convoco (1), call together, convene

copia, -ae,j.", abundance, supply; copiac, -arum, damno (1), condemn

supplies, troops, forces. 8 Diimocics, -is, 111., Damocles, an attendant of

copiOse, adv., fully, at length, copiollsly Dionysius

Corinthus, -i,/, Corinth de, prep. + abl., down from, from; concerning,

cornu, -us, n., horn. 20 about. 3

corona, -ae,/, crown dca, -ae,j." ({Iaf. and (fbi. pl. deabus), goddess. 6

corpus, -poris, 11., body. 7 deben, -ere, -tli, owe, ought, must. I

corfigo, -ere, -rexi, -rectum, make right, correct debilito (1), weaken

corroboro (1), strengthen decerno, -ere, -crevi, -crctum, decide, settle, decree.

corrumpo, -ere, -rupi, -mptum, ruin, corrupt 36

cotidiC, adv., daily, every day. 36 deeerto (I), fight it out, fight to the finish, contend

eras, adJ'. , tomorrow. 5 dccimus, -a, -urn, tenth. 15

creator, -toris, 111., creator decipiO, -ere, -celli, -ceptum, deceive

creatura, -ae,/, creature (fafe Laf.) decor, -coris, m., beauty, grace

crebcr, -bra, -brum, thick, frequent, numerous decretum, -I, 1"1., decree

credo, -ere, credidi, creditmn, believe, trust. 25; + dedieo (1), dedicate. 28

dat. 35 defendo, -ere, -fendi, -Icllsum, ward off, defend,

ereo (I), create, 12 protect. 20

cresco, -ere, crevi, cretum, increase. 34 dcficio, -ere, -feci, -fectum, fail

criidelis, -e, cruel degusto (1), taste

crustulurn, -I, 11., pastry, cookie dehinc, ad)!., then, next. 25

cubiculmn, -I, n., bedroom, room deinde, adv., thereupon, next, then. 18

culpa, -ae,I, fault, blame. 5 delectatiO, -onis,j.", delight, pleasure,

culllO (I), blame, censure. 5 enjoyment. 27

cultura, -ae,/, cultivation deleeto (1), delight, charm, please, 19

cum, with when, since, although; deleo, -ere, delCvi, deletum, destroy, wipe out,

lvifh incl., when. 31 erase. 17

cum,prep. + abl., with. 10 delibcrii (I), consider, deliberate

cunctatiO, -onis,/, delay demens, gen. -mentis, (lcU., out of one's mind,

ciillctator, -toris, 111., delayer insane, foolish

eiinetor (1), delay demittn, -ere, -misi, -rnissum, let down, lower

cupiditas, -tiitis,I, desire, longing, passion; demonstro (1), point out, show, demonstrate. 8

cupidity, avarice. 10 Demosthenes, -is, m., Demosthenes, the most

cupido, -dinis,j.", desire, passion. 36 famous Greek orator, 4th een. n.c.
desirous, eager, fond; +
cu})idus, -H, deni'llle, adl'., at last, finally. 29

gen, , desirous of, eager for. 39 dens, dentis, 111., tooth

cupiO, -erc, CUllivi, cupitum, desire, wish, long dellono, -ere, -posui, -})OSituIll, put down, lay aside

tor. 17 deporto (I), carry oil

cur, (fdv., why. 18 desidero (I), desire, long for, miss. 17

cUfa, care, attention, caution, anxiety. 4 desidiOsus, -a, -lim, lazy

curo (1), care for, attend to; heal, cure; take desino, -ere, -sivi, -situl1l, cease, leave 01T. 34

care. 36 desipiO, -ere, act foolishly

Latin-English Vocabu/,lrY 475

destinatus, -n, -urn, resolved, resolute, firm domns, -us (-i),.f, house, home; domi, at home;

detrimentum, -I, 1'1., loss, detriment domum, (to) home; domo, from home. 37
delis, -I, m. (voc. sg. deus, n0111. pl. dei or di, da/.
donum, -I, n., gift, present. 4
and ab!. pl. dis), god. 6
devoco (1), call down or away donuiO, -ire, -ivi, -itum, sleep. 3 I
dexter, -tra, -trum, right, right-hand. 20
dubito (I), doubt, hesitate. 30
diabolus, -I, m., devil
dico, -crc, dixi, dictum, say, tell, speak; call, dubium, -ii, n., doubt

name. 10 duco, -ere, duxi, ductum, lead; consider, regard;
dictiita, -orum, n. pl., things dictated, lessons,
prolong. 8
precepts
dictator, -toris, m., dictator dulcis, -e, sweet, pleasant, agreeable. 16
dicto (1), say repeatedly, dictate
dies, -ei, m., day. 22 dum, while, as long as; at the same time

difficilis, -e, hard, difIicult, troublesome. 16 that; until. 8
digitus, -I, 111., finger, toe. 31
dummodo, with provided that, so long
dignitas, -tatis,j.', merit, prestige, dignity. 38
as. 32
dignus, -a, -urn + aM, worthy, worthy of 29
duo, duae, duo, two. 15
diligens, gen. -gentis, adj., diligent, careful. 27
diligenter, adl'., diligently duro (1), harden, last, endure

diligentia, -ae,l, diligence durus, -a, -urn, hard, harsh, rough, stern,

diligo, -ere, dilexi, dilectum, esteem, love. 13 unfeeling, hardy, tough, difficult. 29
dimidium, -ii, 11., half
dux, ducis, m., leader, guide, commander,
dimitto, -ere, -misi, -missmll, send away, dismiss
Dionysius, -iI, 111., Dionysius, tyrant of Syracuse general. 23
discedo, -ere, -cessI, -cessum, go away, depart. 20
discipnla, -ae,j.', and discipnlns, -I, m., learner, E

pupil, disciple. 6 e. See ex.
disco, -ere, didici, learn. 8
ecclesia, -ae,}.', church (ecclesiastical Lat.)
disputatiO, -onis,.f, discussion educil (1), bring up, educate. 23
disputil (I), discuss ediico, -ere, -duxi, -ductum, lead out
dissimilis, -e, unlike, different. 27 efl'ero, -ferre, extuli, el3tum, carry out; bury; lift
dissimulO (1), conceal
up, exalt
distinguo, -ere, -stinxi, -stinctum, distinguish efficio, -ere, -led, -fectum, accomplish, perform,
diu, adv., long, for a long time. 12
dIves, gen. divitis or ditis, adj., rich. 32 bring about, cause
effugiO, -ere, -fiigi, -fugiturulU, flee from, flee away,
divIIlUS, -a, -um, divine, sacred
divitiae, -arum,.f pl., riches, wealth. 13 escape
do, dare, dedI, datum, give, offer. 1
egco, -ere, egui + abl. or gen., need, lack, want. 28
doceo, -ere, -tli, doctUIll, teach. 8
ego, mei, I. 11
doctrina, -ae,.f, teaching, instruction, learning egredior, -I, -gressus sum, go out, depart. 34
doctus, -a, -urn, taught, learned, skilled. 13 eicio, -ere, -ied, -iectulll, throw out, drive out. 15
doleo, -ere, -ui, -iturum, grieve, suffer; hurt, give elemcntulll, -I, 11., element, first principle
eiephantus, -i, 1'11., elephant. 31
pain. 31 eloquens, gen. -quelltis, (uU, eloquent
eloquelltia, -ae,}.', eloquence
dolor, -lOris, m., pain, grief: 38 emendo (1), correct, emend
emo, -ere, emi, emptum, buy
domesticus, -a, -um, domestic; civil emoveo, -ere, -movi, -motum, move away, remove
enim, postpositil'C cOJ'!j., for, in fact, truly. 9
domina, -ae,.f, mistress, lady. 40 Ennius, -ii, 11'1., Quintus Ennius, carly Roman
dominatus, -us, 11'1., rule, mastery, tyranny
writer
dominicus, -a, -um, belonging to a master; the ellumero (1), count up, enumerate
Lord's eo, ire, ii (or ivi), itum, go. 37
epigramma, -matis, n., inscription, epigram
dominus, -I, m., master, lord. 40 epistula, -ae,/, letter, epistle
eques, equitis, 1'11., horseman

476 Wheelock's Latin

equidem, adv. especially commO/1 \pith 1st ]Jas., extorqueo, -ere, -torsi, -tortmn, twist away, extort
indeed, truly, for my part
extra, prep. + (JCC., beyond, outside
equitatus, -us, m., cavalry
equus, -I, m., horse. 23 extremus, -a, -Ulll, outermost, last, extreme

erga, prep. + act., toward. 38 F

ergo, adl'., therefore Fabius, -ii, 111., Roman name; especially Quintus
eripiO, -ere, -ripui, -relltum, snatch away, take Fabius Maximus Cunctator (the Delayer),
celebrated for his delaying tactics (Fabian
away, rcscue. 22 tactics) against Hannibal
erro (1), wander; err, go astray, make a mistake,
fabula, -ae,/, story, tale; play. 24
be mistaken. 1 facile, adv., easily. 32
error, -roris, 11'1., a going astray, error, mistake facilis, -e, easy; agreeable, alTablc. 16
et, COf(/, and; even (= eHam); et ... et, both .. facio, -ere, feci, factum, make, cio, accomplish, 10;

and. 2 possil'c: fio, fieri, factus sum. 36
etiam, adv., even, also. 11 factum, -i, II., deed, act, achievement. 13
raeuiHis, -taHs,/, ability, skill, opportunity, means
etsi, even if (ct-si), although. 38 falsus, -a, -um, false, decept ive
evcniO, -ire, -veni, -ventum, come out, turn out, fama, -ae,f, rumor, report; fame, reputation. 2
familia, -ae,l, household, family. 19
happen fas (indec/.), 11., right, sacred duty; fas est, it is
evcntus, -us, 11'1., outcome, result
right, fitting, lawful
ex or e, prep + aM, out of, from within, from; by fateor, -erI, fasslIs sum, confess, admit. 34
fntigo (1), weary, tire out. 40
reason on account of; jhlloH'ing cardinal fatum, -I, n., fate; death; q//etl pl., the Fates. 29
1111merah of. Ex can be used /ud()re COllsonants fauces, -ium, / pl., jaws; narrow passage.
telieiter, adv., happily. 32
e,or 1'00Ve/S; /)(fhre consonants only. 8 telix, gel1. -lieis, (u(j., lucky, fortunate, happy. 22
temina, -ac, /' woman. 3
excellentia, -ac,/, excellence, merit
fenestra, -ae,/, window. 21
exeipio, -ere, -CellI, -ceptum, takc out, except; take,
receive, capture. 24 fere, adl'., almost, nearly, generally
fero, ferre, tull, tatum, bear, carry, bring; sutTer,
excBimo (1), cry out, call out
exeliido, -ere, -elusi, -clusum, shut out, exclude endure, tolerate; say, report. 31
ferox, gen. -roeis, fierce, savage. 25
excrueio (1), torture, torment ferrum, -i, 1/., iron, sword. 22
ferus, -a, -um, wild, uncivilized, fierce
cxcusatio, -onis,/, excuse festinatio, -onis,/, haste
exemplar, -plfiris, n., model, pattern, original. 14 restino (I), hasten, hurry
exemplum, -i, 11., example, model ficus, -i and -iis,/, fig tree
exeo, -ire, -ii, -itum, go out, exit. 37 fi<ielis, -e, faithrul, loyal. 25
exereitus, -us, 11'1., army. 32 fides, -ei,/, faith, trust, trustworthiness, fidelity;

exigo, -igere, -egi, -actum (ex + ag(5), drive out, promise, guarantee, protection. 22
filia, -ae,/ (dot. ({nd abl. pI. tiliabus), daughter. 3
force out, extract, drive through, complete, filius, -ii, 111., SOIL 3
finis, nt, encl, limit, boundary; purpose; fines,
perfect. 36
cximius, -a, -Ulll, extraordinary, excellent -hun (boundaries) territory. 21
exitium, -ii, 1'1., destruction, ruin. 4 fio, fieri, factus sum, occur, happen; become, be
expello, -ere, -puli, -lluisUIll, drive out, expel,
made, be done. 36
banish. 24 tinnus, -a, -um, f1rm, strong; reliable. 38
eXllerior, -iri, -pertus sum, try, test; experience. 39 finmmn, -ae,l, name, fire
eXI)leo, -ere, -pIevi, -pJetum, fill, fill up, fieo, -ere, fievi, ftetum, weep

complete. 28
explico (1), unfold; explain; spread out, deploy. 40

expono, -ere, -pOSUI, -positum, set forth, explain,

expose. 30
exquisitus, -H, -lim, sought-out, exquisite, excellent
exsiliulU, -ii, n., exile, banishment. 31
exsJ1ecto (1), look for, expect, await. 15
cxstinguo, -ere, -stinxI, -stinctum, extinguish
externus, -a, -UI11, foreign

Vocabulary 477

flfictus, -us, m., billow, wave glOria, -ae,/, glory, fame. 5
flfnucn, -minis, 11., river. 18 gracilis, -e, slender, thin. 27
Huo, -crc, fluxi, ftuxum, How. 18 Graccia, -ae,}.', Greece. 19
for, fari, nuus sum, speak (prophetically), talk, Graeclls, -a, -um, Greek; Graecus, -I, m., a Greek. 6

foretell. 40 gratia, -ae,/, gratitude, favor; gratias agere +
foris, adl'., out of doors, outside. 37
torma, -ae,/, form, shape, beauty. 2 da!., to thank. 8
formIca, -ae,/, ant gratus, -a, -lIIn, pleasing, agreeable; grateful. 37
t()rmo (1), form, shape, fashion gravis, -c, heavy, weighty; serious, important;
fors, fortis,/, chance, fortune
forsan, adl'., perhaps severe, grievous. 19
fortassc, mil,., perhaps. 36 gravitas, -tatis,/, weight, seriousness, importance,
t()l"tis, -c, strong, brave. 16
fortiter, adl'., bravely. 32 dignity
fortUna, -ae,/, fortune, luck. 2 graviter, (/(11>., heavily, seriously
fort-unate, ur/v., fortunately gusto (I), taste
fortUnaius, -a, -um, lucky, fortunate, happy. 13
forum, -I, n., market place, forum. 26 habeo, -ere, -ui, -itum, have, hold, possess;
t(weo, -ere, fOvi, tOtum, comfort, nurture, support.
consider, regard. 3
35
frater, -tris, 111., brother. 8 hanms, -I, 1'11., hook
frons, frontis,/, forehead, brow, front
frfictus, -fis, In., fruit; profit, benefit, enjoyment. 20 Hannibal, -balis, 111., Hannibal, celebrated
frugalitas, -tatis,/, frugality
frfistra, (/(11'., in vain Carthaginian general in the 2nd Punic War,
fuga, -ae,/, flight
fugio, -crc, fiigi, fugitiirum, flee, hurry away; 218201 B.C.

escape; go into exile; avoid, shun. 10 hasta, -ae, /, spear. 23
fugit-ivlls, -i, 111., fugitive, deserter, runaway slave
fugo (1), put to flight, rout haud, adl!., not, not at all (stJ'Ong negative)
fulgeo, -ere, fnlsi, flash, shine
furor, -roris, IJ'I., rage, frenzy, madness heri, ({dl'., yesterday. 5
ffil'tifieus, -a, -tim, thievish
ffirtim, adv., stealthily, secretly. 30 heu, infl!l:iection, ah!, alas! (a sound or

G pain). 33

Gaius, -ii, tn., Gaius, a common praenomen (first hie, haec, hoc, demons/rali)!e ({{(j. and pron., this,
name); usually abbreviated to C. in writing
the latter; at times weakened to he, she, it,
Gallus, -I, m., a Gaul. The Gauls were a Celtic
people who inhabited the district which we they. 9
know as France.
hie, adl'., here. 25
gaudeo, gaudcl'c, gavisus sum, be glad, rejoice. 23
gaudium, -ii, 11., joy, delight hine, (fe/v., from this place, hence

gcminusj -aj -lIm j twin. 25 hodie, {Ie/v., today. 3

gens, gentis,/, clan, race, nation, people. 21 Homerus, -i, m., Homer, the Greek epic poet
gcnu, genus, n.! knee. 20
genus, generis, 11., origin; kind, type, sort, class. 18 homo, hominis, 111., human being, man. 7
gCI'O, -ere, gessi, gestum, carry; carryon, manage,
honor, -noris, m., honor, esteem; public otfice, 30
conduct, wage, accomplish, perform. 8
giadius, -ii, m., sword hora, -ae,/, hour, time. 10

hOl'rendus, -a, -um, horrible, dreadful

hortor, -ari, -atus sum, urge, encourage. 34

hortus, -i, 111., garden

hospcs, -pitis, 1'11., stranger, guest; host

hostis, -is, 111., an enemy (of the state); hostes,

-ium, the enemy. 18

hui, inteli, sound or approbatiol1l1o/

unlike 0111' "whee"

humanitiis, -t'atis,/, kindness, refinement

hfimanus, -a, -um, pertaining to man, human;

humane, kind; refined, cultivated. 4

humilis, -e, lowly, humble, 27

humus, -i,/, ground, earth; soil. 37

hypocrita, -ac, 111., hypocrite (ecclesiastical Lat.)

478 Wheelock's Latin

inanis, -e, empty, vain

iaceo, -ere, -ui, lie; lie prostrate; lie dead. 25 incertus, -a, -urn, uncertain, unsure, doubtful

iaciO, -ere, iCci, iachlm, throw, hurl. IS incipiO, -ere, -cepi, -cel)tum, begin, commence. 17

iaculum, -i, 1'1., dart, javelin inclUdo, -ere, -cliisi, -cliisum, shut in, inclose

iam, adv., now, already, soon. 19 incorruptus, -a, -um, uncorrupted, genuine, pure

ianua, -ae,/, door. 35 incredibilis, -e, incredjble

ibi, adv., there. 6 indico (1), indicate, expose, accuse

idem, eadem, idem, the same. 11 indignus, -a, -urn, unworthy

identidem, adv., repeatedly, again and again indiico, -ere, -diixi, -ductum, lead in, introduce,

idoneus, -a, -um, suitable, fit, appropriate. 37 induce

igitur, postpositive conj., therefore, consequently. 5 industria, -ae,l, industry, diligence

ignarus, -a, -um, not knowing, ignorant illdustrius, -a, -urn, industrious, diligent

ignis, -is, m., fire. 22 ineo, -ire, -ii, -itum, go in, enter. 37

ignosco, -ere, -novi, -notum + dat., grant pardon ille}>tiO, -ire, play the fool, trifle

to, forgive, overlook. 35 inexpugnabilis, -c, impregnable, unconquerable

iIlacrimo (l) + da!., weep over illfantia, -ae,l, infancy

ilIe, ilia, ilIud, demonstrative adj. and pron., that, inferi, -orum, m. pl., those below, the dead

the former; the famous; at ames \vcakened 10 infero, -ferre, intuli, iIlatum, bring in, bring upon,

he, she, it, they. 9 inflict

iIIUdo, -ere, -liisi, -liisum, mock, ridicule intinitus, -a, -um, unlimited, infinite

imago, -ginis, m., image, likeness infirmlls, -a, -11m, not strong, weak, feeble. 38

imitor, -ari, -atus sum, imitate inflammo (I), set on fire, inflame

inunineo, -ere, overhang, threaten inrormis, -e, formless, deformed, hideous

immodicus, -a, -um, beyond measure, moderate, infortiinatus, -a, -11m, unfortunate

excessive ingenium, -ii, n., nature, innate talent. 29

immortalis, -e, not subject to death, immortal. 19 ingens, gen. -gentis, a(tl, huge. 16

hnmMus, -a, -mn, unmoved; unchanged; ingratus, -a, -um, unpleasant, ungrateful

unrelenting. 37 inicio, -ere, -ied, -iectum, throw on or into, put

impedimentum, -I, 11., hindrance, impediment on; inspire

imllediO, -ire, -ivi, -itum, impede, hinder, inimicus, -I, m., (personal) enemy

prevent. 38 iniquus, -a, -lim, unequal, unfair, unjust

imllello, -ere, -}>uli, -}>ulsum, urge on, impel . initium, -ii, 11., beginning, commencement. 33

imllendeo, -ere, hang over, threaten, be iniiiria, -ae,l, injustice, injury, wrong. 39

imperator, -toris, m., general, coml1lander-ll1-c1uef, iniiistus, -a, -urn, unjust. 10

emperor. 24 iIlOI}S, gen. -opis, adj., poor, needy

imperiOslls, -a, -um, powerful, domineering, inquam. See inquit.

imperious inquit, defective verb, he says, placed (dIe/' (!ne or

imllerium, -ii, n., power to command, supreme more words of a direct quotaaon; other forms:

power, authority, command, control. 24 illquam, I say, inquis, you say. 22

iInl)CrO (l), give orders to, command + dot. + ut. insania, -ae,l, insanity, folly

35 insciens, gen. -entis, unknowing, unaware

impleo, -ere, impJevi, im}>IHum, fill up, complete inscribfi, -ere, -scripsi, -scriptum, inscribe, entitle

imlll'imis, adv., especially, particularly insidiae, -arum,l pl., ambush, plot, treachery. 6

improvidlls, -a, -um, improvident . insons, gen. -sontis, guiltless, innocent

imlmdens, gen. -dentis, adj., shameless, Impudent instituo, -ere, -stitni, -stitfitUIll, establish, institute

implldellter, adv., shamelessly, impudently insula, island. 23

impiinitus, -a, -urn, unpunished, unrestrained, insul'go, -ere, -surrexi, -surrectum, rise up

safe integer, -gra, -grum, untouched, whole, unhurt

in, prep. + obi., in, on, 3; + ([CC., into, toward, intellego, -ere, -lexi, -Iectum, understand. 11

against. 9 intempestivus, -a, -Ulll, untimely

inter, prep. + acc., between, among. 15

Latin-English Vocabulary 479

intcl'cipiO, -ere, -cepi, -celltUll1, intercept iUs, iiiris, 11., right, justice, law. 14; iUs iUrandum,
ifiris Hirandi, n., oath
interdum, adv.) at times, sometimes
iussii, defl'Clil'e nOlin, abl. sg. only, 111., at the
intcrea, adv., meanwhile command of

interficiO, -ere, -leci, -fectum, kill, murder. 37 iiistus, -a, -urn, just, right. 40
iuvenis, -is (gen. pI. iuyenmn), l11'(l, a youth, young
interl'Ogatio, -onis,/, interrogation, inquiry
person
intro (l), walk into, enter iuvo, -arc, iiiYi, iUtum, help, aid, assist; please, 4

introdiico, -ere, -duxi, -ductum, lead in, introduce L

intus, adJ!. , within tabor, -I, tapsus sum, slip, glide
labor, -boris, 111., labor, work, toil. 7
invado, -ere, -vasi, -v3sum, enter on, move against, laboro (I), labor; be in distress. 21
labrum, -I, n., lip
assail lacesso, -ere, -ivi, -Hum, harass, attack
lacrima, -ae,/, tear. 40
invenio, -ire, -veni, -ventum, come upon, find. 10 lacunal', -naris, n., paneled ceiling
laetans, gen. -tantis, adj., rejoicing
inventor, -tOris, m., inventor laetus, -a, -urn, happy, joyful
Latinus, -a, -urn, Latin. 22
invcstigo (l), track Qut, investigate laudatol', -toris, 111., praiser
lando (I), praise. I
invict'Us, -a, -um, unconquered; unconquerable taus, laudis,./, praise, glory, fame. 8
lector, -toris, m" lectl'ix, -tricis,/, reader. 36
invideo, -ere, -vidi, -visum, be envious; + dat., look lectus, -I, m., bed
Jegatus, -i,m" ambassador, deputy
at with envy, envy, be jealous of 31 IcgiO, -onis,/, legion
lego, -ere, JegI, lectulll, pick out, choose; reacl. 18
invidia, -ae,/, envy, jealousy, hatred. 31 iCnis, -e, smooth, gentle, kind
lente, adv., slowly
invisus, -a, -nlll, hated; hateful
Lentulus, -I, 111., P. Cornelius Lentulus Sura, chief
inyitfi (1), entertain; invite, summon. 26
conspirator under Catiline, left in charge of the
invitus, -a, -um, unwilling, against one's will conspiracy when Catiline was forced to flee
from Rome
iocus, -I, m., joke, jest Lesbia, -ae,l, Lesbia, the name which Catullus
gave to his sweetheart
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron., myself, yourself, levis, -e, light; easy, slight, trivial. 17
lex, legis,./, law, statute. 26
himself, herself, itself, etc.; the very, the libellus, -I, n1., little book. 17
Hbenter, a(IE, with pleasure, gladly, 38
actual. 13 libel', -era, -erum, free. 5
libel', -bri, m., book. 6
ira, -ae,l, ire, anger. 2 liberalis, -e, of, relating to a free person; worthy of
a free man, decent, liberal, generous, 39
il'ascor, -I, iratus sum, be angry liheralitas, -tatis,./, generosity, liberality
liberator, -toris, m., liberator
iratus, -a, -urn, angered, angry, 35 lihel'c, adv., freely, 32
liberi, -orum, m. pl., (one's) children
irrito (l), excite, exasperate, irritate Ilbero (I), free, liberate. 19
libcrtas, -tatis,/, liberty, freedom, 8
is, ea, id, demonstratiJle prall. and adj., this, that;

personal jJrOl1., he, she, it. 11

iste, ista, istud, demonstralive pro11. and adj., that

of yours, that; such; sometimes lvith

confef'nptuollslorce. 9

ita, adv. used with ({((js., l'bs., and advs., so,

thus. 29

Halia, -ae,l, Italy. 15

itaque, a(iE, and so, therefore. IS

iter, itineris, 11., journey; route, road. 37

itero (I), repeat

iterum, adv., again, a second time. 21

iubeo, -ere, iussi, iussnm, bid, command, 21
iiicunditas, -tatis, I, pleasure, charm

iiicundus, -a, -um, agreeable, pleasant,

gratifying. 16

iudex, -dids, 111., judge, juror. 19

iUdicium, -ii, n., judgment, decision, opinion;

trial. 19

ifidico (I), judge, consider

iungo, -ere, iUnxi, iUnctmH, join, 13

Iuppitel', lovis, 171., Jupiter, Jove

ifil'o (1), swear

480 Wheelock's L€l(;n

Iibo (1), pour a libation oC on; pour ritually; sip; malum, -I, n., evil, misfortune, hurt, injury. 30
tOllch gently. 39 malus, -a, -um, bad, wicked, evil. 4

lieet, lieere, licuit, impers. + dal. and inl, it is (comp. peior; superl. pessirnus. 27)
mandatum, -I, n., order, command, instruction
permitted, one may. 37
Iigo (I), bind, tie manco, -ere, mansi, mansum, remain, stay, abide,
limen, -minis, n., threshold. 26 continue. 5
lingua, -ac,/, tongue; language. 25
tinteum, -I, n., linen, napkin manus, -05,/, hand; handwriting; band, 20
liUera, -ae,/, a letter of the alphabet; litterae,
Marcellus, -I, 111., Marcellus, Roman general who
-arum, a letter (epistle); literature. 7 captured Syracuse in 212 B.C.
mus, -toris, 11., shore, coast. 23
loco (I), place, put Marcus, -I, m., Marcus, a common Roman first
10cupiHii (I), cnrich name, usually abbreviated to M. in writing
locus, -i, 111., place; passage in literature; pl., loca,
mare, -is, 11., sea. 14
-orUln, 11., places, region; loci, -orum, m., maritns, -I, m., husband
passages in literature. 9
longe, adv., far. 32 mater, -tris, /' mother. 12
materia, -ae,I, material, matter
longinquitas, -6itis, I, distance, remoteness
matrimonium, -ii, 11., marriage
longus, -a, -UIU, long. 16 maximus. See magnus.
loquax, gen. -quacis, adj., talkative, loquacious
loquor, -I, loditus sum, say, speak, tell, talk. 34 medieus, -I, 111., medica, -ae,l, doctor, physician.
lucrum, -i, 11., gain, profit 12
IUdo, -ere, lusi, IUSUIll, play
lUdus, -I, m., game, sport; school. 18 mediocris, -e, ordinary, moderate, mediocre.
lUna, -ae,l, moon. 28
IU(HlS, -I, m., wolf 31
lUx, IUcis,f, light. 26 meditor, -ari, -atus sum, renect upon, practice
luxuria, -ae,l, luxury, extravagance medius, -a, -mn, middle; used partitively, the

M middle of. 22
mel, mellis, n., honey
Maecenas, -atis, m., Maecenas, unofficial "prime melior. See bonus.
minister" of Augustus, and patron and friend memini, meminisse, defective, remember
of Horace memor, gen. -moris, {/(!/, mindful

magis, adl'., more, rather memoria, -ae, I, memory, recollection. 15
magister, -tri, m., master, schoolmaster, teacher. 4
mendosus, -a, -urn, full of faults, faulty
magistra, -ae, I, mistress, schoolmistress. 4 mens, mentis,/, mind, thought, intention. 16
mensa, -ae,/, table; dining; dish, course; mensa
magnanimus, -a, -urn, great-hearted, brave,
magnanimous. 23 secunda, dessert. 26
mensis, -is, 111., month
magnol)erc, adv., greatly, exceedingly
(comp. magis; super/. maxime). 32 merces, -cedis,I, pay, reward, recompense
meridiiinns, -a, -um, of midday, noon; southern
magnus, -a, -um, large, great; important. 2
(C01J1p. maior; slIper/. maximus. 27); merus, -a, -lim, pure, undiluted. 33
maiOres, -lillI, 111. pl., ancestors. 27
meta, -nc,l, turning point, goal, limit, boundary.
majestas, sHitis,/, greatness, dignity, majesty 40
maior. See magnus.
maiOres, -lUn, m. pl., ancestors. 27 metllo, -ere, metuI, fear, dread; be afraid for +
male, adJ!. , badly, ill, wrongly
dar. 38
(comp. pcius; super/. pcssime). 32 metus, -lis, m., fear, dread, anxiety. 20
malO, malle, malui, to want (something) more, metis, -a, -UIIl (111. voc. mi), my. 2
miles, militis, m., soldier. 23
instead; prefer. 32 militarisj -e, military
mille, indecl. ({{(j. in sg., thousand;

milia, -ium, 1'1., pl. noun, thousands. 15
minimus. See parvus.
minor. See llarvus.
minuo, -ere, mil1ui, minutum, lessen, diminish. 30
miriibilis, -e, amazing, wondrous, remarkable. 38

Latin-English Vocabulary 481

miror, -ari, -atus sum, marvel at, admire, mfinus, -neris, 1'1., service, office, function, duty;
gift
wonder. 35
mus, moris, m.U:, mouse
mirus, -a, -um, wonderful, surprising,
Miisa, -ac,I, a Muse (one of the goddesses of
extraordinary poetry, music, etc.)

misceo, -ere, miscui, mixtum, mix, stir up, disturb. miitatiO, -onis,j', change
mDto (1), change, alter; exchange. 14
18

miser, -era, -erum, wretched, miserable,

unfortunate. 15

miserc, adv., wretchedly N

misericordia, -ae,/, pity, mercy nam, con)., for. 13

mitesco, -cre, become or grow mild narro (1), tell, narrate, report. 24

mitis, -e, mild, gentle; ripe

mitto, -ere, misi, missum, send, let go. II nascor, -I, natus sum, be born, spring forth, arise. 34

modo, adv., now, just now, only; modo ... modo, nasus, -I, 111., nose. 40

at one time ... at another nata, -ae,/, daughter. 29

modus, -I, m., measure, bound, limit· manner natiilis, -is (Sc. dies), m., birthday

method, mode, way. 22 ', natiO, -onis,/, nation, people

moenia, -ium, n. pl., walls of a city. 29 natura, -ae,l, nature. 10

molcstus: -a, -11m, troublesome, disagreeable, mmta, -ae, m., sailor. 2

annoYll1g navigatio, -onis,.!, voyage, navigation

molior, -iri, molitus sum, work at, build, navigo (1), sail, navigate. 17

undertake, plan. 34 navis, -is,I, ship. 21

mollio, -ire, -ivi, -itum, soften; make calm or less ne, con). with that ... not, in order that ...

hostile. 29 not, in order not to, 28, 36; that, 40; adv. in ne

mollis, -e, soft, mild, weak ... quidem, not ... even. 29

moneo, -ere, -ui, -itum, remind, warn, advise, 1; -ne, enclitic added to the emphatic lVord at the

monen eum ut + 36 beginning afa question the answer to which may

monitiO, -onis,I, admonition, warning be either "yes" or "no." It call be used in both

mons, montis, m., mountain. 20 direct and indirect questions. 5

monstrum, -I, fl., portent; monster nec. See neque.

mOl1umentum, -i, n., monument. 40 nccessarius, -a, -urn, necessary

mora, -ac, I, delay. 4 necesse, incleel. ({((l, necessary, inevitable. 39

morbus, -I, m., disease, sickness. 9 Deco (1), murder, kill. 7

moriol', -I, mortuus sum, die. 34 nefas (indeel.), n., wrong, sin

mors, mortis,I, death, 14 neglego, -ere, -Iexi, -lCetum, neglect, disregard. 17

mortalis, -e, mortaL 18 nego (I), deny, say that ... not. 25

mortuus, -a, -11111, dead. 28 nema, (nullius), nemini, nelUinem, (nfillo, -a), m.l{,

1110S, moris, In., habit, custom, manner; no one, nobody. II .

mores, morllm, habits, morals, character. 7 nepos, -}lOtis, m., grandson, descendant. 27

movea, -ere, movi, motum, move; arouse, affect. 18 neque or nee, con)., and not, nor;

mox, adJl., soon. 30 neque ... neque, neither ... nor. 11

mulier, -eris,I, woman. 39 nescio, -ire, -ivi, -itum, not to know, be

multo (1), punish, fine ignorant. 25

mllitulll, adv., much neuter, -tra, -trum, not either, neither. 9

(comp. pIUs; superi. plUrimllm). 32 neve, and not, nor (used to continue ut or ne + subj.)

I1mltlls, -a, -urn, much, many, 2 nigel', -gra, -grum, black

(comp. plUs; SlijJCr/. pliirimus. 27) nihil (indec/.), 11•• nothing. I, 4

mUlldus, -I, m., world, universe. 21 nihilum, -I, n., nothing

miinimentum, -i, n., fortification, protection nimis or nimium, adv., too, too much, excessively. 9

muniO, -ire, -ivi, -itum, fortify, defend; build (a nisi, if ... not, unless, except. 19

road) niveus, -a, -um, snowy, white

482 Wheelock's Latin

noceo, -ere, nocui, Ilocitum + da!, , do harm to, occupo (I), seize
oculus, -I, 111., eye. 4
harm, injure. 35 odi, odisse, osurum (defective vb.), hate. 20
odium, -I, n., hatred. 38
nOlo, nolle, nOlni, not ... wish, be unwilling. 32 Oedipus, -podis, 111., Oedipus, Greek mythical
nomen, nominis, fl., name. 7
figure said to have murdered his father and
non, ad1'., not. 1 married his mother
nondulll, adl'., not yet offel'o, -ferre, obtuli, obhitum, offer. 31
Donne, interrog. adv. which introduces questions officium, -ii, 1'1., duty, service. 4
olim, (Jdl'., at that time, once, formerly; in the
expecting the answer "yes." 40 future. 13
omitto, -ere, -misi, -missum, let go, omit
nOllnfillus, -3, -um, some, several omnino, adl'., wholly, entirely, altogether. 40
nonnumquam, sometimes omnipotens, gen. -tentis, a(#, al1-powerful,
omnipotent
nOllns, -a, -um, ninth omnis, -e, every, all. 16
nos. See ego. onero (l), burden, load
nosco. See cognosco. onus, oneris, 11., burden, load
noster, -tI'3, -trom, our, ours. 5 opera, -ae,;:, work, pains, help
noHirius, -ii, m., writer of shorthand, stenographer opinor, -ari, -atDS sum, suppose. 40
novem, indecl. (l(U., nine. 15 ol10rtet, -ere, oportuit (impers.), it is necessary,
novus, -a, -om, new, strange. 7 proper, right. 39
oppono, -ere, -posui, -posit11m, set against, oppose
nox, Hoctis, I, night. 26 opportune, adv., opportunely
ollportunus, -a, -um, fit, suitable, advantageous,
nobes, -is,/, cloud. 14 opportune
opprimo, -ere, -pressi, -pressllm, suppress,
nobo, -ere, nopsi, nUllturn, cover, veil; + dat. (of a overwhelm, overpower, check. 23
opprobrium, -ii, 11., reproach, taunt, disgrace
bride) be married to, marry. 35 op!'ugno (l), fight against, attack, assault,
Dfilius, -a, -nm, not any, no, none. 9 assaiL 39
num, interrogative adv.: (1) introduces direct ques- ops, opis,;:, help, aid; opes, 0llum, power,
resources, wealth. 33
tions which expect the answer "no"; (2) intro- optimus. See bonus.
duces indirect questions and means whether. 40 opto (l), wish for, desire
numerus, -I, 111., number. 3 opus, operis, 11., a work, task; deed,
numquam, adv., never. 8 accomplishment. 38
nunc, ([dE, now, at present. 6 oratiO, -onis,;:, speech. 38
nuntiO (1), announce, report, relate. 25 orator, -toris, 111., orator, speaker. 23
nuntius, m., messenger, message orbis, -is, 11'1., circle, orb; orbis terrarum, the world,
DUller, adv., recently. 12 the earth
nutriO, -ire, -ivi, -itum, nourish, rear ordo, ordinis, 11'1., rank, class, order
orior, -iri, ortus sum, arise, begin, proceed,
o originate

6, intcl:jection, O!, oh! 2 iirnii (l), equip, furnish, adorn. 39
oro (I), speak, plead; beg, beseech, entreat, pray. 36
obdoro (I), be hard, persist, endure os, oris, 11., mouth, face. 14
obeo, -ire, -ii, -itum, go up against, meet; die. 37 osculum, -I, 11., kiss. 29
obicio, -ere, -ieci, -iectum, offer; cite (as grounds for ostendo, -ere, -tendi, -tel1tum, exhibit, show,

condemnation) display. 23
oblecto (I), please, amuse, delight; pass time ostium, -ii, 1'1., entrance, door

pleasantly. 36
obruo, -ere, -rui, -rutum, overwhelm, destroy
obsequium, -ii, 11., compliance
obstinatus, -a, -om, firm, resolved
occasiO, -onis,/, occasion, opportunity. 28
oeddo, -ere, -cidi, -casum (eado, fall), fall down;

die; set (of the sun). 31
oecido, -ere, -cidi, -cisum (eaedo, cut), cut down;

kill, slay
oceulte, adv., secretly

Latin-English Vocabulary 483

ot'iUD1, -ii, n., leisure, peace. 4 per, prep. + acc., through; with reflex. pron., by. 13
ovis, -is,j, sheep
percipiO, -ere, -cepi, -ceptum, gain, learn, perceive
p
Ilerdo, -ere, perdidi, perditurn, destroy, ruin, lose
paedagogus, -I, m., slave who attended children
(particularly at school) pereo, -ire, -ii, -itum, pass away, be destroyed,

paganus, -I, m., a countryman, peasant; pagan perish. 37
I'alam, ailv., openly, plainly
peregrinor, peregrinari, peregrinatus sum, travel
palma, -ae,/, palm
abroad, wander. 37
panis, -is, 111., bread
par, gen. paris, adj., equal, like. 32 perfectus, -a, -urn, complete, perfect

parco, -ere, peperd, parsiirum + dat., be lenient perfero, -ferre, -tuli, -tatum, endure, suffer

to, spare. 35 perficio, -ere, -feci, -rectum, do thoroughly,
parens, -feutis, m)f, parent. 28
accomplish, bring about
pareo, -ere, -ui + cia!., be obedient to, obey. 35
perfugium, -ii, n., refuge, shelter. 24
paries, -ietis, 111., wall
pariO, -ere, peperi, partum, beget, produce periculOsus, -a, -urn, dangerous
IJarmula, -aeJ, little shield
paro (I), prepare, provide; get, obtain. 19 periculum, -i, n., danger, risk. 4
pars, partis,j, part, share; direction. 14
parum, adv., Iittie, too little, not very (much) perimo, -ere, -emi, -emptum, destroy

(camp. minus; super!. minime), 32 peritus, -a, -urn, skilled, expert
parvus, -a, -nm, small, little, 4 (comp. minor; super!.
permitto, -ere, -misi, -missum, permit, allow
minimus, 27)
passel', -seris, m., sparrow perniciosus, -a, -um, destructive, pernicious
patefacio, were, -led, -factum, make open, open;
pernocio (I), spend or occupy the night. 39
disclose, expose. 25
pateo, -ere, -ui, be open, lie open; be accessible; be perpetulls, -a, -urn, perpetual, lasting,

evident. 32 uninterrupted, continuous. 6
pater, wtris, m., father. 12
perscribo, -ere, -scripsi, -scriptum, write out, place
gen. -eutis, adj., patient; + gen., capable
on record
of enduring
patientia, -ae,!, suffering; patience, endur- persequor, -I, -seciitus Slim, follow up, pursue, take

ance. 12 vengeance on
patior, -I, passus sum, suffer, endure; permit.
Persiclls, -a, -urn, Persian
34
patria, -ae,!, fatherland, native land, (one's) persuadeo, -ere, -suasi, -suasum, succeed in

country. 2 urging, persuade, convince
patronus, -i, m., patron, protector
paud, -ae, -a, usually pl., few, a few. 3 perterreo, -ere, -ui, -itum, frighten thoroughly,
pauller, gel1. -peris, adj., of small means, poor. 32
paupertns, -tntis,!, poverty, humble terrify

circumstances. 32 pertineo, -ere, -ui, -teutum, pertain to, relate to,
(lax, piicis,/, peace. 7
peeeo (I), sin, do wrong concern
pectus, -toris, n., breast, heart. 35
peciinia, -ae,!, money. 2 ))erturbo (1), throw into confusion, trouble,
peior. See malus.
pello, -ere, pepuli, pulsum, strike, push; drive out, disturb, perturb

banish. 24 perveuiO, -ire, -veni, -veutum + ad, come through

to, arrive at, reach

pes, pedis, 111., lower leg, foot. 38

pessimus. See malus.

pestis, -is,.!', plague, pestilence, curse, destruction

peto, -ere, petivi, petitum, seek, aim at, beg,

beseech, 23; petO ab eo ut + "ubj. 36

philosophia, -aeJ, philosophy, love of wisdom. 2

philosophus, -I, 111., philosopha, philosopher.

33

piger, -gra, -grum, lazy, slow, dull

pipiO (I), chirp, pipe

piscator, m., fisherman

piscis, -is, 111., fish

plaeeo, -ere, -ui, -itum + cia!., be pleasing to,

please. 35

plaeo (I), placate, appease

484 Wheelock's Latin

plane, adJ!. , plainly, clearly praetereo, -ire, -ii, -itum, go by, pass, omit

))latea, -ae,/, broad way, street praeteritns, -a, -lim, pell pUl't. as adj.,

Plato, -tonis, m., Plato, the renowned Greek past

philosopher premo, -ere, pressi, pressum, press; press hard,

plebs, the common people, populace, pursue. 23

plebeians. 33 pretium, -ii, 11., price, value, reward

plenus, -a, -urn, full, abundant, generous. 6 prex, precis,!, prayer

))liirimus. See multns. primo, adv., at first, first, at the beginning. 30

I)liis. See multus. primurn, ad)!., first, in the first place; quam

pocma, -matis, 11., poem primmn, as soon as possible

poena, -ae,j.', penalty, punishment; poenas dare, primus. See prior. 27

pay the penalty. 2 princeps, gen. -cipis, chief; m.!}.' 1101.111, leader,

poeta, -ae, m., poet. 2 prince, emperor. 28

pomum, -I, 11., fruit, apple luincipiulll, -ii, 11.) beginning. 12

POIlO, -ere, ))osui, positum, put, place, set. 27 prior, prius, camp. ({{(j., former, prior; primus, -a,

pons, pontis, 111., bridge -um, first, foremost, chief, principal. 27

populus, -I, 11'1., the people, a people, nation. 3 pristinus, -a, -um, ancient, former, previous. 38

porta, -ae,/, gate, entrance. 2 I)rius, adv., before, previously

possessiO, -onis,/, possession, property privatus, -I, 111., private citizen

l)ossum, posse, potlli, be able, can, have power. 6 prTvii (I), deprive

post, prep. + acc., after, behind. 7 pro, prep. + abl., in front of, before, on behalf of,

postea, adv., afterwards. 24 in return for, instead of, for, as. 12

I)Ostpono, -ere, -))OSU1, -l1ositum, put consider probitas, -tatis,j.', uprightness, honesty, probity. 18

secondary probii (I), approve; recommend; test. 27

))ostquam, conj., after proconsul, -sulis, 111., proconsul, governor of a

110stremulll, adv., after all, finally; for the last prov111ce

time. 40 proditor, -tOris, 111., betrayer, traitor

potens, gen. -tentis, pres. part. as m!j., pl'Oelium, -ii, 11., battle

able, powerful, mighty, stroug. 16 pl'ofero, -ferre, -tuli, -latum, bring forward,

potestas, -Hitis,/, power, ability, opportunity produce, make known, extend

potior, -iri, }}otitus sum + gen. or abl., get 1)l'Oficiscor, -i, -fectus sum, set out, start. 34

possession of, possess, hold profor, -iiri, -atus sum, speak out

potills, adJ!. , rather, preferably profundo, -ere, -fiidi, -fiisum, pour forth
prae, prep. + abl., in front of, before. 26
pl'Ohibeo, -ere, -ui, -itum, prevent, restrain,

luaebeo, -ere, -ui, -itum, offer, provide. 32 prohibit. 20

praeceptum, -i, 11., precept proicio, -ere, -ied, -iectum, throw forward or out

praecHirus, -a, -um, noble, distinguished, famous, pl'omitto, -mittere, -misi, -missulll, send forth,

remarkable promise. 32

pl'aefero, -ferre, -tuli, -Iatum, bear before, display; }}ronfintiO (1), proclaim, announce; declaim;

place before, prefer pronounce. 20

praeficio, -ere, -led, -fectmn, put in charge of llropono, -ere, -posui, -positum, put forward,

I)raemitto, -ere, -misi, -missurn, send ahead or propose

forward proprius, -a, -um, one's own, peculiar, proper,

))raemium, -ii, n., reward, prize. 35 personal, characteristic

praesidium, -ii, 11., guard, detachment, protection 1)I'Optel', prep. + ace., on account of, because of. 5

praesto, -are, -stiti, -stitum, excel (+ dat.); exhibit, protinus, adv., immediately. 22

show, offer, supply. 28 provideo, -ere, -vidi, -ViSUIU, foresee, provide, make

praesum, -esse, -fui, be at the head of, be in proVIsIOn

charge of llroximus, -a, -urn ,S'llperl. nearest, next

1)l'aetel', prep. + ({ce., besides, except; beyond, prfidcns, gen. -dentis, a((j., wise, prudent

past. 40 prudentel', ad)!., wisely, discreetly

Latin-English Vocabulary 485

prudentia, -ae,l, foresight, wisdom, discretion quidam, quaedam, quiddam (pron.) or quoddam

publicus, -a, -urn, of the people, public; (m(j.), indef PI'OI1. and (lr!j.: as pron., a certain
res publica, rei piiblicae,/, the state
one or thing, someone, something; as adj., a
purlieus, -a, -om, modest, chaste. 26
Jludor, -doris, m., modesty, bashfulness certain. 26
puella, -oe,/, girl. 2
puer, pucri, m' I boy; pI. boys, children. 3 quidcm,postpositive adl!., indeed, certainly, at
pueriliter, ([dll., childishly, foolishly
least, even; ne ... quidem, not even. 29
pugua, -aeJ, fight, battIe
puguo (I), fight. 29 quies, -etis,/, quiet, rest, peace
lmlcher, -chra, -chrum, beautiful, handsome;
quin, adl'., indeed, in fact. 40
fine. 5
pulclue, adv., beautifully, finely. 32 quill etiam, adv., why even, in fact, moreover
lmichl'itiido, -dinis,/, beauty
poniO, -ire, -ivi, -itum, punish Quintus, -I, m., Quintus, a Roman praenomen,
pUl'go (I), cleanse
piirus, -a, -urn, pure, free from abbreviated to Q. in writing

puto (1), reckon, suppose, judge, think, quis? quid?, interrogative pron., who? what? which?
imagine. 25
19
Pythagoras, -ae, m.) Pythagoras, Greek
philosopher and mathematician of 6th cen. R.C. quis, quid, inde/ jJron., ({[fer si, nisi, ne, and uum,

anyone, anything, someone, something. 33

quisquam, quidquam (or quicquam), indef PI'OI1.

and adj., anyone, anything

quisquc, quidque, indef pron., each one, each

person, each thing. 13

quisquis, quidquid, indel pron., whoever,

whatever. 23

quo, adv., to which or what place, whither, where

Q quod, because. 11

qua, adv., by which route, where quomodo, adv., in what way, how

quadriiginta, indeel. (l((j.) forty quondam, adv., formerly, once. 22

quaero, -ere, quaesivi, quaesItum, seek, look for, quoniam, conj., since, inasmuch as, 10

strive for; ask, inquire, inquire into. 24 quoque, adv., also, too. 17

quam, at/v., how, 16; can)., than, 26; as ... as quot, indeel. {[((j., how many, as many. 27

possible (IVilh super!.), 26 quotiellscumque, adv., however often, whenever

quamyis, adv. and conj., however much, however; R

although rapiO, -ere, rapui, raptum, seize, snatch, carry
away. 21
quando, interrogative and rei. adv. and conj., when;
rarus, -a, -urn, rare
si quando, if ever. 5 ratiO, -onis,;:, reckoning, account; reason,

quantus, -a, -urn, how large, how great, how judgment, consideration; system, manner,
method. 8
much. 30 recedo, -ere, -cessi, -ccssum, go back, retire, recede
recipio, -ere, -cepi, -cepturn, take back, regain;
quare, adv., because of which thing, therefore, admit, receive. 24
reeito (I), read aloud, recite. 17
wherefore, why. 6 recognosco, -ere, -novi, -llitum, recognize,
recollect. 38
quartus, -a, -urn, fourth. 15 recordatiO, -onis,;:, recollection
..ecreo (1), restore, revive; refresh, cheer. 36
quasi, adv. or conj., as if: as it were. 39 rectus, -a, -urn, straight, right; rectum, -I, 11., the
right, virtue
quattuor, indeel. adj., four. 15 recuperatiO, -onis,;:, recovery
recullero (1), regain
-que, enclitic and. II is appended to the reeuso (I), refuse. 33

second of tIVO words to be joined. 6

quemadmodum, adv., in what manner, how

queror, -I, questus sum, complain, lament. 38

qui, quae, quod, reI. P1'011., who, which, what,

that. 17

qui? quae? quod?, interrog. adj., what? which? what

kind of? 19

quia, conj., since, because

quid, what, why. See quis.

486 Wheelock's Latin

reddo, -ere, -didi, -ditum, give back, return rumor, -moris, 111., rumor, gossip. 31
redeo, -ire, -ii, -itum, go back, return. 37 ruo, -ere, rui, rutllm, rush, fall, be ruined
fedoco, -cre, -duxi, -ductum, lead back, bring back rus, ruris, n., the country, countryside. 37
refcro, -ferre, -ttuli, -Hitum, carry back, bring rusticor, -ari, -atus SUIll, live in the country. 34
rustieus, -a, -um, rustic, rural
back; repeat, answer, report. 31
regina, -ae,/, queen. 7 s
regius, -a, -urn, royal
regnum, -I, 11., rule, authority, kingdom sabbatum, -I, 11., the Sabbath
rego, -cre, rexi, rectum, rule, guide, direct. 16
l'clego, -cre, -legi, -lCctum, read again, reread sacculus, -I, n., little bag, purse
relc\'o (I), relieve, alleviate, diminish
rclinquo, -cre, -liqui, -licturn, leave behind, leave, sacrificium, -ii, 11., sacrifice

abandon. 21 sacerdos, sacerdotis, m., priest. 23

l'cmaneo, -ere, -mansi, -mansum, remain, stay sacrilegus, -a, -UIll, sacrilegious, impious
behind, abide, continue. 5
saepe, adll., often. 1
remedium, -ii, n., cure, remedy. 4
remissiO, -onis,/, letting go, release; relaxation. 34 sacta equina, -ae -ae,l, horse-hair

l'cmoveo, -cre, -runvi, -lllotum j remove sagitta, -ae,l, arrow
repentej adv., suddenly. 30
sal, salis, m., salt; wit. 33
refleriO, -ire, -pperi, -pertum, find, discover, learn;
get. 40 salsus, -a, -UIll, salty, witty

repetitiO, -onis,l, repetition salUbl'is, -e, healthy, salubrious
relJeto, -ere, -ivi, -Hum, seek again, repeat
repo, -ere, repsi, reptum, creep, crawl salUs, salUtis,I, health, safety; greeting. 21

rel'ugnii (l) + dat., fight against, be incompatible saliitii (l), greet

with salveo, -ere, be well, be in good health.
requiesco, -ere, -quievI, -quietulll, rest. 37
requiro, -ere, -quisivi, -SitUUl, seek, ask for; miss, salvus, -a, -1IIn, safe, sound. 6

need, require. 36 sanctifico (l), sanctify, treat as holy
res, rei,l, thing, matter, business, affair; res
saoctus, -a, -um, sacred, holy
publica, rei publicae, state, commonwealth. 22
resistii, -ere, -stiU, make a stand, resist, oppose sanitas, -tatis,l, health, soundness of mind, sanity
respondeo, -ere, -spolldi, -sponsum, answer. 29
restituo, -ere, -stitui, -StitutUlll, restore sano (l), heal
retraho, -ere, -triixi, -tractum, drag or draw back
reveniO, -ire, -veni, -ventum, come back, return sanus, -a, -um, sound, healthy, sane. 5
revel'tor, -i, -verti (pelf is act.), -versum, return
revoco (I), call back, recall sapiens, gen. -entis, wise, judicious; as a nOUI1,
rex, regis, 111., king. 7
rhetoricus, -a, -urn, of rhetoric, rhetorical m., a wise man, philosopher. 25
rideo, -ere, risi, risum, laugh, laugh at. 24
l'idiculus, -a, -um, laughable, ridiculous. 30 sapientel', adv., wisely, sensibly. 32

rugii (I), ask, ask for. 30; rugo ellm ut + subj., 36 saI1ientia, -ae,l, wisdom. 3

Room, -ae,l, Rome. l4 sapiO, -ere, sapivi, have good taste; have good
Romanus, -a, -um, Roman. 3
rosa, -ae,l, rose. 2 sense, be wise. 35
rostrum, -I, n., beak of a ship; Rostra, -orum, the
satiO (l), satisfy, sate. 3
Rostra, speaker's platform
rota, -ae,l, wheel satis, indeel. noun, and adv., enough,
rotuudus, -a, -Ulll, wheel-shaped, round
sufficient(ly). 5

satol', -toris, 111., sowel; planter; begettel; 38

satum, -ae,l, satire. 16

saxum, -I, n., rock, stone. 40

scabies, -fi,l, the itch, mange

sceleratus, -a, -urn, criminal, wicked, accursed

scelestus, -a, -um, wicked, accursed, infamous

scelns, -Ieris, n., evil deed, crime, sin, wickedness.

19

schola, -ae,f, school

scientia, -ae,l, knowledge, science, skill. 18

sciO, -ire, -ivi, -itum, know. 21

scribo, -ere, scripsi, scriptum, write, compose. 8

scril}tor, -tOris, "1'1., writer, author. 8

secerno, -ere, -crevi, -cretum, separate

Latin-English Vocabulary 487

secundus, -a, -urn, second; favorable. 6 sol, solis, m., sun. 27

securus, -a, -um, free from care, untroubled, safe solacium, -ii, 11., comfort, relief. 24

sed, conj., but. 2 soleo, -ere, solitus sum, be accustomed. 37

sedeo, -ere, sedi, sessum, si t. 34 solitiido, -dinis,j, solitude, loneliness

seductor, -fOris, m. (ecclesiastical Lat.), seducer sollicito (1), stir up, arouse, incite

semel, (fdv., a single time, once, once and for all, sollicitiido, -dinis,/, anxiety, concern, solicitude

simultaneously. 31 soIIicitus, -a, -um, troubled, anxious, disturbed

semper, adv., always. 3 SolOn, -lOnis, m., Solon, Athenian sage and

senator, -toris, 111., senator statesman of the 7th-6th cen. B.C.

senatus, -fis, 111., senate. 20 sOlum, aclv., only, merely; non sOlum ... sed etiam,

senectos, -tiitis,j, old age. 10 not only ... but also. 9

sencx, senis, ad). and 11., old, aged; old man. 16 solus, -a, -urn, alone, only, the only. 9

sensus, -us, 111., feeling, sense. 20 somnus, wi, m., sleep. 26

sententia, -ae,l, feeling, thought, opinion, vote; Sophocles, -is, /11., Sophocles, one of the three

sentence. 2 greatest writers of Greek tragedy

sentiO, -ire, sensi, sensum, feel, perceive, think, sopor, -poris, 111., deep sleep

experience. 11 sordes, -dium,j pl., filth; meanness, stinginess

septem, bIdec!. adI, seven. 15 soror, -roris,.!, sister. 8

sepulchrum, -I, 11., grave, tomb spargo, -ere, spat'si, sJlarsum, scatter, spread, strew

sequor, -I, seeiitns sum, follow. 34 s)Jectaculum, 11., spectacle, show

sereno (1), make clear, brighten; cheer up, speetO (I), look at, see. 34

soothe. 36 speculum, -i, n., mirror. 33

seriO, adv., seriously sperno, -ere, spl'cvi, spretum, scorn, despise, spurn

serius, -a, -um, serious, grave spero (I), hope tor, hope. 25

sermo, -monis, m., conversation, talk spes, -ei,/, hope. 22

sero, -ere, sevi, saturn, sow spiritus, -fis, m., breath, breathing; spirit, souL 20

servin, -ire, -ivi, -itom + dat., be a slave to, stabilis, -e, stable, steadfast

serve. 35 stadium, n., stadium

servitns, -tntis,j, servitude, slavery. 20 statim, adv., immediately, at once

servo (1), preserve, keep, save, guard. 1 statua, -ae,.!, statue

servus, -i, m., and serva, -ae,j, slave. 24 stella, -ae,j, star, planet. 28

severitas, -tatis,j, severity, sternness, strictness stilus, -I, 111., stilus (for writing)

si, if. I sto, stare, steH, statum, stand, stand still or

sic, (idv. (most commonly with verbs), so, thus. 29 firm. 13 + dCll., direct one's zeal to, be
studeo, -ere,
sicut, adl'. and as, just as, as it were

sidus, -deris, n., constellation, star. 29 eager for, study. 35

signum, -i, 11., sign, signal, indication; seal. 13 studiOsus, -a, -um, full of zeal, eager, fond of

siJentium, -ii, n., silence studium, -ii, 11., eagerness, zeal, pursuit, study. 9

silva, -ae,j, forest, wood stuitus, -a, foolish; stultus, -i, 111., a fool. 4

similis, -e, similar to, like, resembling. 27 suavis, -e, sweet. 33

simplex, gen. -plicis, adj., simple, unaffected sub,prep. + ab!. \vith verbs of rest, + acc. with

simulatiO, -onis,j, pretense verbs of motion, under, up under, close to. 7

sille,prep. + abl., without. 2 subito, adv., suddenly. 33

singuli, -ae, -a, pl., one each, single, separate subitus, -a, -um, sudden

singultim, a(lE, starnmeringly subiungii, -ere, -ifinctull1, subject, subdue

sinister, -tra, -trom, left, left-hand; harmful, iU- sublimis, sublime, elevated, lofty; heroic, noble. 38

omened.20 subrideo, -ridere, -risi, -risum, smile (down)

sitiO, -ire, -ivi, be thirsty upon. 35

socius, -ii, m., companion, ally succurro, -ere, -curri, -curSUIll, run up under, help

Socrates, -is, 111., Socrates sufficio, -ere, -feci, -fectum, be sufficient, suffice

488 Wheelock's Latin

sui (sibi, se, se), reflex. proll. C?l3rd pers., tego, -ere, texi, tectum, cover, hide, protect
temeritiis, -tatis,j.", rashness, temerity
herself, itself, themselves. 13 temperantia, -ae,l, moderation, temperance,

sum, esse, fui, futUrum, be, exist. 4; est, sunt may self-control
temllestas, -tatis,j.", period of time, season;
mean there is, there are. I
weather, storm. 15
summu, -ae,l, highest part, sum, whole templum, -i, 11., sacred area, temple
temptatiO, -onis,/, trial, temptation
sumIDUS, -a, -urn. See superns. tempus, -poris, 11., time; occasion, opportunity. 7
tendo, -ere, tetendi, tentmn or tensum, stretch,
sumo, -ere, sumpsi, sfimptmll, take, take up,
extend; go
assume teneo, -ere, -Ui, telltmu, hold, keep, possess,

siimptus, -fis, m., expense, cost restrain. 14
tero, -ere, trivi, tl'itnm, rub, wear out
supellcx, -iectilis,/, furniture, apparatus terra, -ae,j.", earth, ground, land, country. 7
tel'l'co, -ere, -ni, -itum, frighten, terrify. 1
supel'bus, -a, -om, arrogant, overbearing, haughty, tertius, -a, -urn, third. 15
thema, -matis, 11., theme
proud. 26 Themistocies, -is, m., Themistocles, celebrated

superior. See superns. Athenian statesman and military leader who
advocated a powerful navy at the time of the
snpero (1), be above, have the upper hand, Persian Wars
timeo, -ere, -1Ii, fear, be afraid of, be afraid. 15
surpass, overcome, conquer. 5 timor, -moris, 111., fear. 10
titulus, -I, J11., label, title; placard
superus, -a, -urn, above, upper; superi, -orum, 111.,
toga, -ae, I, toga, the garb of peace
the gods (comp. superior, -ius, higher; superl.
lo(ero (I), bea!; endure, tolerate. 6
supremus, -a, -um, last, or summus, -a, -om, tollo, -ere, sustuli, snbIatum, raise, lift up; take

highest). 27 away, remove, destroy. 22
tondeo, -ere, totondi, tonsum, shear, clip
supplicium, -ii, 11., punishment tonso1', -soris, m., barber
tonsorius, -a, -urn, of or pertaining to a barber,
supra, adJl. and prep. + ace., above
barber's
supl'emus. See sUl1erus. tot, indecl. ([((j., that number of, so many. 40
totus, -a, -urn, whole, entire. 9
surculus, -i, m., shoot, sprout tracto (I), drag about; handle, treat, discuss
trado, -ere, -didi, -ditmn, give over,
surgo, -ere, sUl'l'exi, surrectum, get up, arise. 29
hand down, transmit, teach. 33
suscipiO, -ere, -cepi, -ceptum, undertake. 25 tragoedia, -ae,l, tragedy
traho, -ere, tl'axi, tractulll, draw, drag; derive,
suspendo, -ere, -pendi, -pensum, hang up, suspend;
acquire. 8
interrupt. 38
trans, prep. + act., across. 14
sustilleo, -ere, -ui, -tentum, hold up, sustain,
transeo, -ire, -ii, -itum, go across, cross; pass over,
endure ignore. 39

suus, -a, -mu, reflexive possessive (1((/ pers., transfero, -ferre, -tuli, -13tmn, bear across, transfer,
convey
his own, her own, its own, their own. 13
transitus, -us, m., passing over, transit;
synagoga, -ae,l, synagogue
transition. 39
Syraciisae, -al'um,/ pl., Syracuse. 37 tredecim, indecl. (1((/, thirteen. 15
t..CIIlO, -ere, tl'emui, tremble
T trepide, ad)!., with trepidation, in confusion

tabella, -ae,l, writing tablet; tabellae, -arum,

letter, document

taceo, -ere, -ui, -itum, be silent, leave

unmentioned. 28

talis, -e, such, of such a sort. 34

tam, adl'. used with (ldjs. and adl's., so, to such a

degree; tam ... quam, so . , , as, 29

tamen, adv, , nevertheless, still, 8

tamquam, ad)!" as it were, as if, so to speak. 29

tandem, adv, , at last, finally

tango, -ere, tetigi, tactum, touch, 21

talltum, adv., only. 26

tautus, -a, -urn, so large, so great, of such size. 29

tardus, -a, -um, slow, tardy

tectum, -i, 11., house

Latin-English Vocabulary 489

tres, tria, three. 15 utrum ... an, whether ... or. 30
uxor, -oris, I, wife. 7
triginta j inc/eel. adj., thirty
tristis, -e, sad, sorrowful; joyless, grim, severe. 26

tl'iumphus, -I, 111., triumphal procession, triumph v

Troia, Troy. 23 vaco (1), be free from, be unoccupied

TroH'inus, -a, -mn, Trojan vacuus, -a, -um, empty, devoid (of), free (from)

tii, tui, you. 11 vae, intel:iection, alas, woe to. 34

Tullius, -ii, 111.) Cicero's name valco, -erc, -ui, -itfirum, be strong, have power; be

tum, (I(/I!., then, at that time; thereupon, in the well, fare well; vale (valete), good-bye. I

next place. 5 valCtiid1i, -dinis,./. health, good health, bad

tumultus, -fis, m., uprising, disturbance health

tumulus, -I, 111., mound, tomb ,'arius, -a, -lim, various, varied, different

tUIlC, ((e/v., then, at that time -ve, cOJU·., or 33

turba, -ae,l, uproar, disturbance; mob, crowd, vchcmclls, gen. -mentis, adj., violent, vehement,

multitude. 14 emphatic, vigorous

turpis, -e, ugly; shameful, base, disgraceful. 26 veho, -cre, vcxi, vectum, carry, convey

tutus, -a, -lim, protected, safe, secure vel, con)., or (an optional alternative)

tuus, -a, -um, your, yours (sg.), 2 vmox, gen. -Iocis, ad)., swift

tyrannus, -I, 111., absolute ruler, tyrant. 6 vendo, -crc, vcndidi, vcnditum, sell. 38

u venia, -ac,l, kindness, favor, pardon

vcnio, -ire, vcni, vcntum, comc. 10

ubi, rei. adv. and where; when; ;'llerrogatil'e, ventitO (l), come often

where? 6 vcntus, -I, 111., wind. 39

ulciscor, ultus sum, avenge, punish for wrong Venus, -ncris,/, Venus, goddess of grace, charm,

done and love

finus, -a, -\1m, any, 9 verbera, -rUIIl, n. pl., blows, a beating

ultimns, -a, -urn, farthest, extreme; last, finaL 25 vcrbum, -i, 11., word. 5

ultra, ae/l'. and prep. + ace., on the other side vcre, adE, truly, really, actually, rightly

beyond. 22 vercol', -eri, veritus SUIll, show reverence for,

umbra, -ae,l, shade; ghost respect; be afraid of, fear. 40

umerus, -i, 111., shoulder, upper arm Vcrgilius, -ii, m., Virgil, the Roman epic poet

umquam, adv., ever, at any time. 23 veritas, -tatis, /, truth. 10

unde, adv., whence, from what 01' which place; vero, ad)!., in truth, indeed, to be sure, however. 29

from which, from whom. 30 versus, -us, m., line, verse. 20

finus, -a, -um, one, single, alone. 9 vcrtO, -crc, vcrti, vcrSUIll, turn, change. 23

urbanus, -a, -urn, of the city, urban, urbane, verus, -a, -um, true, real, proper. 4

elcgant. 26 vcsper, oj' -Ileri, 111., evening; evening star. 28

tubs, urbis,l, city. 14 ,'cspillo, -lOnis, m., undertaker

iisque, adv.. all the way, up (to), even (to), vestcr, -tra, -trum, your, yours (pl.). 6

continuously, always. 31 vcstiO, -irc, -ivi, -Hum, clothe

USUS, -us, 11'1., usc, experience, skill, advantage vetus, gen. -teds, ({((j., old. 34

ut, con).; A. lvith sub)., introducing (1) purpose, in via, -ae,/, road, street, way. 10

order that, that, to (28); (2) reslI!l, so that, that vicinus, -i, m., vicina, -ae,l, neighbor. 21

(29); (3)jllssive 1101111 clallses, to, that (36); (4) vicissitfido, -dinis,l, change, vicissitude

fear clauses, that ... not (40); B. with indie., just victor, -toris, m., victor

as, as, when. 24 victoria, -ae,/, victory. 8

uter, utra, utrum, which (of two). 9 victus, -us, m., living, mode of life

utilis, -e, useful, advantageous. 27 video, -ere, vidi, visum, see, observe;

utilitas, -tatis,/, usefulness, advantage understand, 1; vidco)', -eri, visus sum, be seen,

utor, -i, fisus sum + abi., use; enjoy, experience. 34 seem, appear. 18

490 Wheelock's l.atin

vigilO (1), be awake, watch, be vigilant vix, adv., hardly, scarcely, with difficulty
voco (I), call, summon. I
vigor, m., vigor, liveliness volO, velIe, volui, wish, want, be willing, wilL 32
volii (1), fly
villa, -ae,j, villa, country house volontarius, -a, -urn, voluntary
voluntas, -tatis,j.", will, wish
vineo, -ere, vici, victum, conquer, overcome. 8
voluptas, -tatis, I, pleasure. 10
vinculum, -i, n., bond, chain. 36
vos. See tii.
vinum, -i, n., wine. 31
vox, vocis, I, voice, word. 34
vir, viri, m., man, hero. 3
vulgus, -i, n. {wmetimes m.), the common people,
virgo, -ginis,j, maiden, virgin. 7 mob, rabble. 21

virtiis, -tfitis, j, manliness, courage; excellence, vulnus, -neris, n., wound. 24
vultus, -fis, 111., countenance, face, 40.
virtue, character, worth. 7
x
vis, vis,j, force, power, violence; vires, virium,
Xenophon, -phontis, 111., Xenophon, Greek general
strength. 14 and author

vita, life, mode of life. 2

vitiOsus, -a, -0111, full of vice, vicious. 34

VitiUIII, 11., fault, vice, crime. 6

vitO (1), avoid, shun. 14

vivo, -ere, vixi, victum, live. 10

vivos, -a, -om, alive, living. 30

Abbreviations

AUTHORS AND WORKS CITED

Aug.• St. Augustiue (Confessious) Rep., De Re Publica
Caes., Caesar Sen., De Senectute
Sex. Rose., Oratio pro Sex. Roseio
RC., Bellum Civile Sull., Oratio pro Sulla
RG., Bellum Gallicum Tusc., Tusculanae Disputationes
Catull., Catullus (Poems) Verr., Actio in Ven'em
Cic., Cicero Enl1., Ennius (Poems)
Am., De Amicitia Har., Horace
Arch., Oratio pro Archia A.P., Ars Poetica (Ep. 2.3)
Att., Epistulae ad Atticum Ep., Epistulae
CaL, Orationes in Catilinam Epod., Epodes
De Or., De Oratore Od., Odes (Carmina)
Div., De Divinatione Sat., Satires (Sermones)
Fam., Epistulae ad Familiares Juv., Juvenal (Satires)
Liv., Livy (Ab Urbe Condita)
Fin., De Finibus Lucr., Lucretius (De Natura Rerum)
Inv., De Inventione Rhetorica Mart., Martial (Epigrams)
Leg., De Legibus
Marcell, Oratio pro Marcello Macr., Macrobius (Saturnalia)
Off., De Officiis Nep., Nepos
Or., Orator
Phil., Orationes Philippicae in M. Antonium Alt., Atticus
Pis., Oratio in Pisonem Cim., Cimon
Plane., Oratio pro Plancio Milt., Miltiades
Ov., Ovid
Q. Fr., Epistulae ad Q. Fratrem

491

492 Wheelock's Latin Cons. Polyb., Ad Polybium de
Consolatione
A.A., Ars Amatoria
Am., Amores Ep., Epistnlae
Her., I-Ieroides Suet., Suetonius
Met., Metamorphoses
Pel's., Persius (Satires) Aug., Augustus Caesar
Petron., Petronius (Satyricon) Caes., Julius Caesar
Phaedr., Phaedrus (Fables) Tac., Tacitus
Plaut., Plautus
Aul., Aulularia Ann., Annales
Mil., Miles Gloriosus Dia1., Dialogus de Oratoribus
Most., Mostellaria Ter., Terence
Stich., Stichus Ad., Adelphi
Plin., Pliny the Elder And., Andria
I-I.N., Historia Naturalis Heaut., Heauton Timoroumcnos
Plin., Pliny the Younger Hec., Hecyra
Ep., Epistulae Phorm., Phormia
Prop., Propertius (Elegies) Veg., Vegetius Renatus
Publil. Syr., Publilius Syrus (Sententiae) Mil., De Re Militari
Quint., Quintilian VeIl., Velleius Paterculus (Histories)
Ins1., Institutiones Oratoriae Virg., Virgil
SaIl., Sallust Aen., Aeneid
CaL, Catilina Eel., Eclogues
Sen., Seneca the Elder Geor., Georgics
Contr., Coutroversiae Vulg., Vulgate
Sen., Seneca the Younger Eccles., Ecclesiastes
Brev. Vit., De Brevitate Vitae Exod., Exodus
Clem., De Clementia Gen., Genesis

OTHER ABBREVIA HaNS

abl. ablative case con]. conjunction
abs. absolute contr. to fact contrary to fact
acc. accusative case cpo compare (Lat. campara)
act. active voice dat. dative case
A.D. after Christ (Lat. ant/o domini, decl. declension
dep. deponent
adj. lit., in the year of the Lord) e.g. for example (Lat. exemplI grcltic7)
adv. adjective Eng. English
ApI'. adverb etc. and others (Lat. et cetera)
B.C. Appendix UfO/fem. feminine gender
ca. before Christ 1I and the following (lines, pages)
cen(s). about (Lat. circa) Fr. French
Ch(s). century(ies) fro from
cl(s). Chapter(s) rut. future tense
compo clause(s) rut. perf. future perfect tense
compl. comparative (degree) gen. genitive case
complementary

Ger. German pass. Abbreviations 493
Greek perf.
Gk. in the same place (Lat. ibidem) pel's. passive voice
ibid. the same (Lat. idem) pI. perfect (present perfect) tense
id. that is (Lat. id est) plupf. person
i.e. imperative mood P.R. plural
impel'. impersonal prep. pluperfect (past perfect) tense
impers. imperfect tense pres. Practice and Review (sentences)
impf. indirect question pron. preposition
indo quest. indirect statement purp. present tense
indo state. indeclinable ref. pronoun
indect. indefinite reI. purpose
indef. indicative mood Russ. reference
indic. infinitive sc. relative
inf. interjection sent. Russian
interj. Introduction sg. supply, namely (Lat. scr/icet)
Introd. irregular Sp. sentence
irreg. Italian spec. singular
It. Locr Antrqul SA Spanish
LA. Latin S.S. special
Lat. Loc'1ImmiUcitf Sententiae Ant/quae
LL literally subj. Supplementary Syntax
lit. locative case superi.
lac. masculine gender s.v. (p. 442-45)
m.lM.lmasc. middle vb(s). sUbjunctive mood
mid. note or neuter gender voc. superlative
n.lN.lneut. number(s) Vocab. under the word (Lat. sub verb6)
nominative case vs. verb(s)
noes). object or objective vocative case
nom. pagers) w. Vocabulary
obj. participle as opposed to, in comparison with
p.
part. (Lat. versus)
with



Index Active periphrastic, 204

Page references to illustrations are italicized. Active voice, 2

Ab deponent verbs, 234-38
with ablative of personal agent, 118-19, 143
in place constructions, 256 infinitive, 162-63

Ablative case participles, 147-48
absolute, 155-57
of accompaniment, 92, 142 perfect system. See Perfect system, active voice
as adverbial case, 10
with cardinal numerals, 99, 143 personal endings for, 2-3
of cause, 444
of comparison, 173 present system
of degree of difference, 444
of description, 285 1st and 2nd conjugation, 3-5, 31-33
forms of. See Declension
of manner, 92, 142, 143 3rd conjugation, 62-64
of means or instrument, 91-92,143
of personal agent, 118-19, 143 4th conjugation, 62-63
of place from which, 130, 262
of place where, 142, 262 subjunetive, 187, 194
with prepositions, 1811, 6811
summary of uses, 142-43 Ad
without prepositions, summary of uses, 143
of separation, 130-3 I with gerundive or gerund, 278
with special deponent verbs, 237,,-38
of specification, 443-44 in place constructions, 262
of time when or within which, 99-100,143,
263 Adjectives
usage of, 91-92
1st declension, 11-12, 1411, 25-26, 33, 57-58
Accents, xliv, 4
Accompaniment, ablative of, 92, 142 2nd declension, 17-18,24-26,33,57-58
Accusative case
3rd declension, 104·06, 172-73
as direct object, 10
of duration of time, 263 agreement of, 12,25
forms of. See Declension
infinitive in indirect statement with, 164-66 comparison of, 171-73. See also Superlatives, of
of place to which, 262
Achilles, 87 adjectives

declension, 172--73, 181

formation, 171-72

irregular formation, 180

summary of forms, 450

usage and translation, 172---73

dative case with, 245-46

demonstrative, 55-57

idem, eadem, idem, 70-71

is, ea, id, 70

with genitive ending in -ius and dative ending in

-i, 57-58

interrogative, 124-25

predicate, 26-27

reflexive possessives, 84

495

496 Wheelock's Latin

Adjectives (conI.) Capio, conjugation 64
substantive, 27 Cardinal numerals, 97-99, 451
summary of forms, 447
verbaL See Gerundive; Participles ablative with, 99, 143
word order and, 19,20 genitive with, 99
Carthage, 40, 154, 159, 290
Adverbs, 19
ablative case and, 10 Cases
comparison oC 220-21 definition of, 9
irregular, of nouns, 9-11,13. See a/so Ablative case; Accusa-
summary of forms, 450 tive case; Dative case; Declcnsion; Gcnitive
definition of, IOn case; Locative case; Nominative case; Voca-
formation oC 219-20 tive case

Aeneas, 154, 288·91 Catiline (Lucius Sergius Catilina), 73, 95, 133,208,
Agamemnon, 53 210,218,240,258-59
Agent
Catullus, xxxiii-xxxiv, 201, 209, 266, 304-07
ablative of, 118-19, 143 Alley Cat, 183
dative of, 157-58 Ask Me if! Care, 273
Agreement Bids a Bitter Farewell to Lesbia, 128
of adjectives, 12,25-26 Bids His Girlfriend Farewell, 15
of relative pronouns, I 10-12 B.Y.O.B., etc., etc., 231-32
subject-verb, 13 Death or a Pet Sparrow, 305-06
Alexander the Great, 87, 232 Dedicates His Poetry Book, 47
Allobroges, 133,259 A Dedication, 304-05
Alma-Tadema, Sir Lawrence, I J4 Disillusionment,
Alphabet, xxxix-xli Frater Ave, Atque Vale, 306-07
Anglo-Saxon language, xxviii-xxxi Give Me a Thousand Kisses!, 216
Antony, Marc, 72, 288 How Many Kisses?, 199, 305
Apposition, 19 I Love Her. . I Love Her Not, 258
Archaising Period, xxxvii On Lesbia's Husband, 242-43
Aristotle, 232 Promises, Promises!, 281
Arria,281 Thanks a Lot, Tully!, 183-84
Articles, lIn, 60
Athena (Minerva), 154 Causa, with genitive phrase, 278
AudiO, conjugation of, 63 Cause, ablative of, 444
Augustan Period, xxxv-xxxvi, 25 Characteristic, relative clauses of, 269-70
Augustine, Saint, xxxvii Cicero, xxxiii-xxxiv, xxxvii-xxxviii, 30, 54, 73, 152,
Augustus, xxxv-xxxvi, 21,23, 159, 161,217
183,210,217,218,250,291,307-25
Bacon, Francis, xxxvii in The Aged Playwright Sophocles Holds His Own,
Bede, Caedmon's Anglo-Saxon Verses and the
127
Difficulties of Translation, 301-02 Alexander the Great and the Power of Litera-
Browne, Sir Thomas, xxxin
Brutus, Lucius, 79 ture, 87
On Ambition and Literature, Both Latin and
Caccina Paetus, 281 j 348
Caelius (Rufus), 183 Greek, 146
Caesar, xxxiv, 79, 128, 161,176,266,272,274 anecdotes from, 322,,-25
The Arrest and Trial or the Conspirators, 311-16
The Nations of Gaul, 176 The Authority of a Teacher's Opinion, 87
Caesar of Hcisterbach, The Devil and a Thirteenth-
On Contempt of Death, 319-20
Century Schoolboy, 302-03 Cyrus' Dying Words on Immortality, 101
Death or a Puppy (Example of an Omen), 322
Denounces Catiline in the Senate, 73
Derivation of "Philosophus" and Subjects of Phi-

losophy, 294·95

Index 497

Cicero (con!.) CIa uses (con t.)
De Vila et Marte, jussive noun, 253
On the Ethics of Waging War, 54 proviso, 223
Evidence and Confession, 208-09 purpose, 189, 196,253
Fabian Tactics, 102 relative clause of characteristic, 269
Get the Tusculan COllntry HOllse Ready, 325 result, 196"-97
How Demosthenes Overcame His Handicaps, 293
Imagines the State of Rome Itself Urging Him to subordinate, 124
Punish the Catilinarian Conspirators, 95 in indirect discourse, 444
The Incomparable Value of Friendship, 66
Literature: Its Value and Delight, 320-22 Cleopatra, 273
Marcus QuInto FnltrT S., 267 Cognate languages, xxviii·-xxxii
A Morc Positive View About Immortality, 317-·19 Collatinus, 47
The Most Pitiful Speech I've Ever Heard!, 273 Commands
The Nervousness of Even a Great Orator, 200
Oh, Give Me a Figgy Sprig, 273 imperative,S, 50, 51, 63,188,213,223,237,261
On the Pleasures of Love in Old Age, 114 jussive noun clauses, 253-54
Quam Multa Non DesTc\er6!, 323 jussive subjunctive, 188
The Rarity of Friendship, 29 negative, nolO and, 223
Socrates' "Either-Or" Belief, 316-17 Comparison (comparative degree)
Sorry, Nobody's Home!, 251 ablative of, 173
The Sword of Darnodes, 294 of adjectives, 171-73. See also Superlatives, of ad-
Testimony Against the Conspirators, 258-59
Themistocles; Fame and Expediency, 324-25 jectives
Thermopylae: A Soldier's Humor, 35-36 declension, 172-73, 181
Too Conscientious (An Example of Irony), 322-23 formation, 171-72
Two Examples of Roman Wit, 273 summary of forms, 450
Two Letters to, 274 usage and translation, 172-·73
The Tyrant Can Trust No One, 293-94 of adverbs, 220-21
Urges Catiline's Departure from Rome, 133 irregular, 220-21
On the Value and the Nature of Friendship, 295-96 summary of forms, 450
The Value of Literature, 290 Complementary infinitive, 38-39
Vitriolic Denunciation of the Leader of a ConspirM Compound verbs, dative case with, 247-48
acy Against the Roman State, 307-,11 Conditional sentences, 228-30
On War, 296"97 indicative, 228-29
What Makes a Good Appetite, 323-24 subjunctive, 229
Your Loss, My Gain, 232-33 Conjugation. See also First conjugation; Fourth

Ciceronian Period, xxxiii-xxxv jugation; Second conjugation; Third conju-
Cimon,225 gation
Cincinnatus, 168 definition of, 2
Circus Maximus, 120 of deponent verbs, 234-,,37
Claudius, 241 personal endings for. See Personal endings
Clauses summary of forms of, 452-,·60
Conjunction, cum as, 211
participial phrases translated as, 150 Consonants, pronunciation of, xlii -xliii
Constantine, 88
subjunctive, 186 Cornelius Nepos, 47
conditional sentences, 229 Cum, with ablative case, 92, 142
cum, 211--12 Cum clauses, 211-12
fear, 285 Cyrus the Great, 101
indirect questions, 204
jussive, 188 Dante, xxxviii
Dative case

with adjectives, 245-46

498 Wheelock's Latin Derived languages, xxviii-xxxi

Dative case (cont.) Descartes, 30
of agent, 157-58 Description, genitive and ablative of, 285-86
with compound verbs, Dies irae, 146
forms of. See Declension Dionysius,40, 101, 113, 183, 266
general use of, 10
of possession, 443 Diphthongs, pronunciation of, xli
of purpose, 443 Direct object, 2, 19
of reference or interest, 270
with special verbs, 246-47 accusative case and, 10
Direct questions, -ne, nulU, and nonne, 284
Dc DolUus, in place constructions, 262
ablative case with, 99, 143 Dufresnoy, Charles, 208
in place constructions, 262 DUlUlUodo, 223

Declension, xxxviin Early Period of Latin literature, xxxii-xxxiii
1st, 11--12, 1411
adjectives, 11-12, 25-26, 33, 57-58 Ego/nos
2nd, 17-19
adjectives, 33, 57-58 declension of, 67-68
masculines ending in -cr, 18
masculines ending in -us, 17-18 usage of, 68-70
neuters, 24-26
3rd,43-44 Endings
adjectives, 104-06, 172-73
i-stem nouns, 89-91, 105 1st declension, 11-12, 19
4th, 129-30
5th, 141-42 2nd declension, 17-19,24-25
of adjectives, summary of forms, 447
definition of, II 3rd declension, 43-44, 105
of gerund, 276-77
of participles, 148-49 4th declension, 129-30
of pronouns
demonstratives, 55-56, 70-71 5th declension, 141
intensive, 85
personal, 67-68 i-stem, 89-91, 105
reflexive, 82-83
relative, 110 personal
use of tenn, lIn
deponent verbs, 234
Definite article, 1111, 60
Degree of difference, ablative of, 444 perfect system active, 77
Demonstratives
present system active, 2
hie, ille, iste, 55-57
idem, eadem, idem, 70-71 present system passive, 116-·17
is, ea, id, 70
usage and translation of, 56-57 English language, xxvii-xxxii
Demosthenes, 132, 199
Deponent verbs, 234-38 Ennius, 102, 251
ablative case with, 237-38
definition of, 234 Eo, conjugation of, 260-6 J
principal parts and conjugation of, 234-37
semideponent, 237 -er adjectives, 1st and 2nd declension, 33
summary of forms of, 455-57
Erasmus, xxxvii in

Etruria, 227

Etymology. See also last section chapter

definition of, 15-16

Ex

ablative case with, 99, 143

in place constructions, 262

Fabius Maximus, Quintus, J02, 232-33
Fear clauses, 285
Fero, conjugation of, 212-13
Fifth declension, 141-42

summary of forms of, 446
Finite verbs, 82

Fio, conjugation of, 254-55

First conjugation
future indicative

First conjugation (cont.) Index 499
active, 31-32
passive, 117 Future indicative passive (cont.)
3rd and 4th conjugation, 135-36
imperative, 5
imperfect indicative Future passive participle. See Gerundive
Future perfect
active, 31-32
passive, 117 active, 77-78
present indicative deponent verbs, 235
active, 4 passive, 122
passive, 116-17 Future tense, translation of, 32
present infinitive
active, 3 Gaul, 176
passive, 117 Gellius, xxxvii
subjunctive, 186-87, 194, 202-03 Gender
summary of forms of, 452-55
First declension, 11-12, 1411 1st declension, 12
2nd declension compared with, 19 2nd declension, 17-18
adjectives, 11-12,25-26
ending in -er, 33 neuters, 24-26
summary of forms of, 446-47 3rd declension, 44, 90
Fourth conjugation, 62-63 4th declension, 129
future indicative 5th declension, 141
active, 63 Genitive case
passive, 135-36 with cardinal numerals 99
imperative, 63 of description, 285 '
imperfect indicative forms of. See Declension
active, 63 general use of, 10
passive, 136 of material, 442
present indicative objective, 6911, 442-43
active, 62 partitive (of the whole), 6911, 98-99
passive, 135 possessive, 10
present infinitive of the whole (partitive genitive), 6911,98-·99
active, 63 Gerundive (future passive participle), 147,276,
passive, 136
subjunctive, 186-87, 194, 202-03 281
summary of forms of, 452-55 gerund compared with, 277
Fourth declension, 129-30 in passive periphrastic, 155, 157
summary of forms of, 446 phrases, 277-78
Fronto, xxxvii Gerunds, 276-78, 281
Fundanus, Minicius, 80 declension of, 276-77
Future indicative gerundive compared with, 277
deponent verbs, 235 phrases, 277-78
of possum, 38 gladiators, 243-44
of sum, 37 Golden Age, xxxiii-xxxv, xxxviin
Future indicative active Greek alphabet, xxxix
1st and 2nd conjugation, 31--32 Greek literature, xxxiii
3rd conjugation, 49, 50
4th conjugation, 63 Hamilcar, 102, 281
Future indicative passive Hannibal, 102, 281-82
1st and 2nd conjugation, 117 Hie

declension of, 55, 56
is compared with, 56
use and translation of, 56-57
Homer, 87, 114, 145

500 Wheelock's Latin In
with ablative case, 142
Horace, xxxv, 7, IS5, 291, 337-43 in place constructions, 262
Aurea Mediocritas-The Golden Mean, 338-40
Autobiographical Notes, 298-99 Indefinite article, lIn, 60
"Oupe Diem," 337 Indicative, xxxvi in
Contemplates an Invitation, 7
De CupidiUite, 159-60 definition of, 2
Dies Festus, 342 future. See Future indicative; Future indicative ac-
The Grass Is Always Greener, 22
Integer Vitae, 337-38 tive; Future indicative passive
Uibuutur AnnT, 340-41 imperfect. See Imperfect indicative; Imperfect in-
Longs for the Simple, Peaceful Country Life on
His Sabine Farm, 299 dicative active; Imperfect indicative passive;
A Monument More Lasting than Bronze, 290, Imperfect tense
342-43 present. See Present indicative; Present indicative
The Satirist's Modus Operandi, 160 active; Present indicative passive
A Sense of Balance in Life, 341-42 subjunctive compared with, 186
Who Is Truly Free?, 258 Indicative conditional sentences, 228-29
Indirect command (jussive noun clauses), 253-54
Humus, in place constructions, 262 Indirect object, 10, 19
Indirect questions, 204
idem, eadem, idem, 70--71 Indirect statement (indirect discourse)
lIle definition of, 164
infinitive in, with accusative subject, 164-66
declension of, 55, 56 list of verbs followed by, 167
etymology and, 60 subordinate clauses in, 444
is compared with, 70 Indo-European languages, xxviii-xxx, xxxiin
use and translation of, 56-57 Infinitive, 162-66
Imperative, 188 complementary, 38-·39
1st and 2nd conjugation,S definition of, 311
3rd conjugation, 50, 51, 63 of deponent verbs, 236-37
4th conjugation, 63 to distinguish the conjugations, 3, 50
definition of, 2 in indirect statement, with accusative subject,
of deponent verbs, 237 164-66
nolO,223 irregular verbs
Imperfect indicative IJossum, posse, potui, 38
deponent verbs, 235 sum, 26
of possuJU, 38 objective, 445
of Slim, 37 present passive, 117, 136
Imperfect indicative active usage of, 163
1st and 2nd conjugation, 31-33 Instrument (means), ablative of, 91-92
3rd conjugation, 50-51, 63 Intensive pronouns, 85
4th conjugation, 63 Interest, dative of, 270
Imperfect indicative passive Interrogative adjectives, 124-25
1st and 2nd conjugation, 117 Interrogative pronouns, 123-24
3rd and 4th conjugation, 136 Intransitive verbs, 26. See also sum
Imperfect subjunctive, 194·-95 -iO verbs
deponent verbs, 236 conjugation of, 62-64
usage and translation of, 195-96 participles, 148
Imperfect tense subjunctive, 186-87, 194
perfect (present perfect) tense compared with, Jpse, ipsa, ipsum, 85
Irregular verbs
77-78 eil, 260-61
translation, 32-33 fero,212-13
Impersonal verbs, 26411

Index 501

Irregular verbs (con!.) Martial, xxxvi, 353-54
ITo, 254--55
malO,222 A Covered Dish Dinned, 209
nolo, 222-23
l)Ossum, 38, 195 Diaulus Still Buries His Clients, 81
sum, 26, 37, 157, 195
summary of forms of, 457-60 Even Though You Do Invite Come!, 354
volO, 221-22
Fake Tears, 354
Is, ca, id
declension of, 68 The Good Life, 177
as demonstrative, 70
usage of, 68-70 To Have Friends One Must Be Friendly, 192

Isidore of Seville, xxxviii His Only Guest Was a Real Boad, 35
The Days of the Week, 192
"I Do." "I Don't!," 251
Iste, declension of, 56
I-stem nouns of 3rd declension, 89-91, 105 "I Do Not Love Thee, Doctor Fell," 40
Iubeo, with jussive noun clauses, 254
1 Don't Cook for Cooks!, 258
Jerome, Saint, xxxvii
Johnson, Samuel, xxxvii 1ssa, 355
Jussive noun clauses, 253-54
Jussive subjunctive, 188 It's All in the Delivery, 114
Juvenai, xxxvi--xxxvii, 36,210
Large Gifts"""",-Yes, but Only Bait, 301
Explains His Impulse to Satire, 109
A Legaey-Hunter's Wish, 209
Latin language, in linguistic history, xxvii-xxxii
Latin literature Maronilla Has a Cough, 251

brief survey of, xxxii-xxxix Message from a Bookcase, 128
"vulgar," xxvii, xxxvii-xxxviii
Lentu1us, 208, 258-59 Note on a Book by Lucan, 273
Leonidas, 35-36
Lesbia, 183, 199,216,242 Note on a Copy ofCatullus' Carmina, 209 ·10
Linking verbs, intransitive, 26. See also sum
Livy, xxxv Oh, I'd Love to Read You My Poems ___ Not!, 258
On the Death of Cicero, 326
Laments the Decline of Roman Morals, 40-41 The Old Boy Dyed His Hair, 353
The Rape of Lucretia, 47
Locative case, 262 Paete, Non Dolet, 281
Lucretia, rape of, 47
Lucretius, xxxiii Please ... Don't!, 226

Maccari, Cesare, 73 Please Remove My Name from Your Mailing
Macrobius, Facetiae (Witticisms), 217
Macrons, xli, 4 List!, 191
Maecenas, 7, 21
Malo Pretty Is as Pretty Does, 242

conjugation of, 222 Pro-cras-tination, 354
with jussive noun clauses, 254
Manlius, 133 The Quality of Martial's Book, 257
Manner, ablative of, 92, 142, 143
The Rich Get Richer, 232

Ringo, 217

Store Teeth, 94-95

Summer Vacation, 252

On a Temperamental Friend, 109

Thanks ___ but No Thanks!, 266

A Vacation ... from You!, 226

And Vice Is Not Nice!, 242

A Visit from the Young Interns, 145

What's in a Name?, 335

When I Have ... Enoughf, 59

You're All Just Wonderful!, 200

Material, genitive of, 442

Matthew, The Lord's Prayer, 301

Means (instrument), ablative of, 91-92, 143

Medieval Period, xxxvii-xxxviii

Middle English, xxxi

Milo, 215

Milton, John, xxxviiin

Minerva (Athena), 154

Mood

definition of, 2

imperative, 2, 5, 50, 63, 237

502 Wheelock's Latin

Mood (cant.) Ordinal numerals, 98, 451
indicative, 2 Orestes, 192
subjunctive, 2, 186,,-87 Ovid, xxxvi, 291

More, Sir Thomas, xxxviiin Asks the Gods to Inspire His Work, 250-51
Mycenae, 53 On Death and Metamorphosis, 121

-ne, nUIll, Ilonne, in direct questions, 284-85 Paetus, Caecina, 281
Nepos, xxxv, 47, 327-37 Pannini, Giovanni, 96
Paradigms
Aristides the Just, 333-35
The Character of Cimon, 225 meaning and use of, 3
Hannibal; The Second Punic War, 297-98 said aloud, 3-4
Hannibal and the Beginnings of the Second Punic Participles (participial phrases), 147,,-53. See aiso Ge-

War, 281-·82 rundive
Miltiades and the Battle of Marathon, 327-30 ablative absolute, 155-57
Themistocles and the Battle of Salamis, 330-33 declension 148-49
Timoleon, 335-37 of deponent verbs, 236-37
Newton, Sir Isaac, xxxviiin passive periphrastic, 155, 157
NolO translation of
conjugation of, 222--,,23
with jussive noun clauses, 254 as cia uses, 150
negative commands and, 223 as verbal adjectives, 147, 149--50
Nominative case Partitive genitive, 69
forms or. See Declension
as subject, 10 Passive periphrastic (gerundive + sum), 155, 157
Nouns
1st declension, 11-12 Passive voice, 2
2nd declension, 17-19, 24""25 definition of, 118
3rd declension, 43-44, 89-91 infinitive,
4th declension, 129-30 participles in, 147-48
5th declension, 141"...42 perfect system, 122
in apposition, 19 subjunctive, 203
cases of, 9-11, 13. See (lisa Ablative case; Accusa- usage and translation, 123
present system
tive case; Dative case; Declension; Genitive 1st and 2nd conjugation, 116-18
case; Nominative case; Vocative case 3rd and 4th conjugation, 135-36
predicate, 26-27 SUbjunctive, 188, 194
substantive adjectives as, 27
summary of forms, 446-47 Patristic Period, xxxvii
verbal. See Gerund; Infinitive; Supine Perfect indicative
Number, 1, 13
Numerals, 97-98, 451 active, 77
cardinal, 97-99, 451 deponent verbs, 235
ablative case, 99, 143 passive, 122
ordinal, 98, 451 imperfect tense compared with, 77-78
translation of, 77- -78
Objective genitives, 69, 442-43 Perfect subjunctive
Objective infinitive, 445 active, 202
Object of verb deponent verbs, 236
passive, 202-03
direct, 2, 10, 19 Perfect system
indirect, 10, 19 active voice, 75---78
Odo de Cerinton, Who Will Put the Bell on the Cat's
perfect active stem and, 76-77
Neck!,302 principal parts, 75--76
usage, translation and distinction from the im-

perfect, 78
definition of, 75