Based on REINVENTING...
Ubuntu 18.04
PRESENTS
with
LibreOffice 6.0 STREAMING
WITHOUT
8
Class buffering
Davinder Singh Minhas
Alok Srivastava
Reema Soni
PMP
This book belongs to:
Name ..........................................................................
Class .................. Section ............... Roll No. ...........
School ..........................................................................
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PM PUBLISHERS PVT. LTD.
IT PLANET - 8 (Ubuntu 18.04)
© 2011 by PM Publishers Pvt. Ltd.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system,
transmitted or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying,
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under terms agreed with the appropriate Reprographics Rights Organization(s).
Trademarks
Ubuntu, LibreOffice, Scratch, GIMP, Inkscape, Pencil2D, etc. and other software programs used in this
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registered trademarks or trade names of their respective holders. The Publisher is not associated with
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ISBN : 978-93-87596-46-7
First Edition : 2019
Reprint : 2020
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PMP PREFACE
In the educated world, knowing about computer and its intricacies is no more a luxury, but a
necessity. Therefore, we have created IT Planet (Streaming without Buffering) Computer
Series for classes 1 to 8, keeping this necessity in mind. The name of this series symbolizes
the flow of understanding the computer concepts continuously without any pause.
You may have heard somebody talking about the open source, social engineering, cloud
computing, app development, Raspberry Pi — a lot of jargon in that talk might have seemed
Latin and Greek to you, but not in this series. In this series, the concepts of computer will be
as clear as you are watching streaming media without any buffering.
This series is based on the latest software packages and operating system programs such as
LibreOffice 6.0 and Ubuntu 18.04. Apart from these two, we have covered almost all the
open source software programs such as Scratch, Pencil2D, GIMP, Inkscape, and Python.
To produce a visually appealing and easy to understand book, we have artfully combined the
latest technology, pictures, drawings and text in this series. Most of the pictures in this series
show a step-by-step pedagogy, which simplifies the more complex computer concepts. The
terms and examples described in this series are those which everyone will come across while
using computers in school as well as at home.
To make the chapters exciting, projects have been given that encourage the students to try
out for themselves, to instill in them the confidence before they embark on making their own
project using that software. Each project in the chapter presents a practical problem and
complete solution in an easy-to-understand approach. Each of the tasks required to complete
a project is identified throughout the development of the project.
In a Nutshell is the section which summarizes the whole chapter and the Self-Evaluation
section examines the students' understanding of computer concepts. Different types of
exercises and activities have been included at the end of every chapter to inculcate the
students with an urge to seek answers.
The series also throws light on the cybercrimes and cyber security issues, thereby
encouraging students to be good digital citizens. It includes all the software programs
required to be at par with the current global education system. We have also provided our
web portal to give one stop solution for Tool Based Learning.
The contents in this series are hand-picked by a panel of experts, including Ms. Nisha Batra,
Jr. Headmistress and HOD Computer Department, St. Mary’s School, Delhi and Dr. Richa
Verma, Sr. Headmistress, KIIT World School, Delhi. This selection of contents will answer the
need of students and shape their minds to stand apart from the crowd.
We welcome constructive suggestions and any feedback to make this series more
comprehensive, relevant, updated and useful both for the teachers and the learners. You may
mail us at [email protected]
AUTHORS
CONTENTS
1 Computer Network 5 6 Cloud Computing 82
• Communication • Computer Network • Introduction
• Cloud Computing
• Types of Network • Network Hardware • Google Docs
• Google Drive
• Communication Channels
• Network Architecture • Network Topology
• Protocol
2 Libreoffice Base - Creating a 19 7 Google Apps 96
Database
• Introduction to Google
• Database • For Surfing and Research
• LibreOffice Base • For Staying in Touch
• Starting LibreOffice Base • For Organizing Your Stuff
• Project: Dance Class Database • For Working Smartly
• Creating a Blank Database • For Watching, Listening, and Playing
• Creating a New Table in Design View • Google Devices
• Adding Records to a Table
3 Libreoffice Base - Tables and Forms 35PMP 8 App Development 106
• Working with a Database Table • Introduction to App • Types of Apps
• Filtering Data • Android and iOS • Working of Apps
• Creating Relationship between Tables • Categories of Apps
• Creating Forms • Developing an App
4 Libreoffice Base - Query & Report 48 9 Python - Introduction 128
• The Query • Programming Language
• Creating a Query
• Running a Query • Introduction to Python
• Using Criteria in Query
• Sorting Data in a Query • Character Set • Tokens • Comments
• Creating a Report
• Statements • Data Types • Variables
• Defining Input and Output in Python
• Error Handling • Programs in Python
5 Inkscape - Vector Designing 59 10 Python - Control Structures 147
• Introduction to Inkscape • Drawing Shapes • Control Structures
• Conditional Control Structures
• Working with Objects • Defining Outlines • Loop Control Structures
• Break Statement
• Selecting Fill Colors • Zooming In and Out • Continue Statement
• Working with Curves • Creating Text
• Project: Wi-Fi signal in a tablet
• Saving the Project
Worksheet Project Work
National Cyber Olympiad
Additional Information
1 Computer Network
Topics CoveredPMP
•Communication •Computer Network •Types of Network •Network Hardware •Communication IT PLANET - 8 (UBUNTU 18.04)
Channels •Network Architecture •Network Topology •Protocol
Communication
Communication is important for people to share their views and
opinions. It is a process in which two or more people share their
knowledge, information, resources and expertise among themselves.
Communication involves a sender transmitting an idea, information, or
feeling to a receiver. Effective communication occurs only if the receiver
understands the exact information that the sender intends to give.
COMPUTER COMMUNICATION
Computers were stand-alone devices when they were first introduced. With the rapid increase
in the uses of computers, the manufacturers began to design hardware and software that
would allow the computers to communicate with one another.
Computer communication is described as a process in which one computer transfers data,
instructions, and information to another computer(s). Earlier, only large computers had
communication capabilities. Today, even the smaller computers and devices can communicate
directly with one another, with hundreds of computers on a company network, or with millions
of other computers around the globe—often via Internet. Some communications involve cables
and wires; others are sent wirelessly through the air. For successful computer communication,
you need the following components:
SENDER: It is a sending device that initiates to send data, instructions or information. It can
be a computer or mobile device.
COMMUNICATION CHANNEL OR TRANSMISSION MEDIA: It is a medium on which the data,
instructions, or information can travel. It can be cables, microwave stations or satellites.
RECEIVER: It is a receiving device that accepts the transmission of data, instructions, or
information. It can be a computer or mobile device.
PROTOCOL: It is a set of rules that outlines characteristics of how two devices communicate.
Without protocol, two devices may be connected, but cannot transfer or exchange the data. A
protocol may define data format, coding schemes, and the sequence in which data transfers
among devices. For example, a person who knows only English language cannot communicate
with another who knows only Hindi language. For communication between two persons, the
knowledge of same language is a must.
Protocol
Communication Channel
Sender Receiver 5
Computer Network Computer Network
A computer network is a collection of computers and
devices connected by communication channels. People
connect computers to a network for a variety of reasons,
including the ability to share hardware, software, data
and information, as well as to facilitate communication.
A computer network can be as small as two computers
connected to each other, or it can be spread over
different parts of a city, or covering the whole world.
NEED FOR A NETWORK
You can share resources such as hardware devices, software programs, data and information
with the help of a network. Sharing resources saves time and money.
Data And Information Sharing
In a network environment, any authorized user can use a
computer to access data and information stored on other
computers in the network. A large company, for example
might store a database of customer information on hard
disk of the server. Any authorized person can connect to
the network and can access this database. The capability of
providing access to, and storage of data and information on
shared storage devices is an important feature of network.
PM PUBLISHERS PVT. LTD. Data and Information Sharing
PMP Hardware Sharing
HUB In a network environment, each computer on a
network can access and use hardware available on
Hardware Sharing the network. Suppose, there are a number of
personal computers on a network and each one needs
to use a laser printer. If the personal computers and
the laser printer are connected in a network, each
personal computer user can access the laser printer
over the network, whenever he or she needs it.
Software Sharing
Network lets people gain access to software disc
programs stored on a central computer. Using their PROGRAM
own computers, individuals can gain access to and
work with these programs. By sharing a program, a CD-ROM
company can avoid having to install a copy of the
program on each person's computer separately. Software Sharing
Transfer Funds
Network allows users to exchange money from one bank account to another via Electronic Fund
Transfer (EFT). Both business houses and consumers use EFT. Examples include, use of credit and
6 debit cards, direct deposit of funds into bank, online banking, and online bill payment.
NETWORK USER
When your computer is a part of a network, where two or more computers are connected
using a cable or some other communication channels, you can become a network user and
can share files, folders, and computer hardware such as printers attached from one computer
to other computers. These usual resources are referred to as local resources.
SERVER AND WORKSTATIONS
Powerful computers responsible for distributing files to network users are referred to as
servers. Other less powerful computers connected to a server are called workstations. Each
workstation contributes equally in the network and is often called peer.
Types of Network
There are many types of network: Local Area Network (LAN), Metropolitan Area Network
(MAN), Wide Area Network (WAN) and Personal Area Network (PAN). Each one of these is
discussed below:
LAN (Local Area Network)
A local area network (LAN) is a network that
connects the computers and the devices in a
limited geographical area, such as home, school
computer laboratory, office building or closely
positioned group of buildings. These computers
are usually within 100 to 300 meters away from
each other.
If you have a home network with two or more
computers, or if you are at your school where
more than 20 computers are connected to each
other, then you are on a LAN.
PMP LAN
Each computer or device on the network is a node. Often, the nodes are connected to the IT PLANET - 8 (UBUNTU 18.04)
LAN via cables. LAN can either work with cables and hubs or wirelessly. A Wireless Local Area
Network is also known as WLAN.
WAN (Wide Area Network) WAN
A wide area network (WAN) spans over a large
geographical area, such as an entire city, region, or
even an entire country or all over the world. Two
or more LANs that are relatively far apart are
typically connected by WAN so that users and
computers in one location can communicate with
users and computers in other locations. The
Internet is the world’s largest WAN.
7
MAN (Metropolitan Area Network)
MAN is a network that connects the Local Area Networks in a metropolitan area such as a city
or a town. A MAN typically includes one or more LANs but covers a smaller geographical area
than a WAN. Telephone companies, cable television operators, and other organizations use
MAN network.
MAN
PAN (Personal Area Network) PAN
A personal area network (PAN) is a network that
connects personal devices like laptop, smartphones,
digital cameras, printers, etc. in an individual’s workspace
using wired and wireless technology. A PAN may connect
devices through a router using network cables or by
using Bluetooth or Wi-Fi technology. You can transfer
files and songs from laptop to a smartphone using PAN.
PM PUBLISHERS PVT. LTD.
PMP
Network Hardware
Network hardware consists of physical devices used on a network. All networks need network
hardware to function.
COMPUTER
The most important job of a network is to link computers together.
When computers are linked, the people using the computers can work
more efficiently. Computers connected to a network do not have to
be the same type. For example, a network could contain desktop
computers, such as IBM-compatible and Macintosh or portable
computers, such as notebooks and Tablet PCs.
NETWORK INTERFACE CARD (NIC)
An expansion card is used to provide network access to a computer or
other device, such as a printer. Network interface cards mediate
between the computer and the physical media such as cables over
which data travels.
CONNECTOR
A connector is a device that joins two networks together. The most common connectors are:
HUB: A hub offers a central location where all the cables on a network meet. It allows you to
connect multiple computers to a single network. It also provides the connection for all the
computers on a network, so that they can exchange data. Many types of network structures are
8 now using hubs as the primary method of connecting computers.
SWITCH: A switch is a device that provides a central point for cables in
a network. A switch receives data from many directions and then
forwards it to one or more destinations. A switch is considered more
advanced than a hub because switch sends the data to a device that
needs or requests for it. Switches can be used in place of hubs.
ROUTER: A router is a device that connects multiple computers
together and transmits data to its correct destination on a network
through a process known as routing. A router acts as a junction
between two or more networks like LAN and WAN to transfer data
packets among them. For example, it is used to connect your home
network (LAN) with the Internet (WAN).
CABLES
A network cable plugs into the NIC (Network Interface
Card) at the back of each computer on the network.
Information, shared files, and other network data travel
through the network cables. A fiber metal or fiber-optic
cable is used to connect computers and other devices on
a network. These cables are insulated with special
material such as plastic or rubber.
RESOURCE
Any part of a computer system or a network such as a disk drive, printer, or
memory that can be allotted to a program or a process, while it is running,
is a resource.
PMP
Communication Channels
IT PLANET - 8 (UBUNTU 18.04)
All networks are linked to each other through communication channels.
These are a medium on which the data, instructions, or information can
travel. When you send data from a computer or mobile device, the signal
that carries the data may travel over various transmission media. Most
commonly used media are physical and wireless.
PHYSICAL TRANSMISSION MEDIA
Physical transmission media use wire or cable to send communications signals. LANs often use
physical transmission media. Three main types of physical transmission media are twisted pair
cable, coaxial cable and fiber optic cable.
Twisted-Pair Cable
Twisted-pair cable consists of one or more twisted-pair wires bundled
together. Each twisted-pair wire consists of two separate insulated copper
wires that are twisted together and is color-coded for identification.
Landline phone networks and LANs often use twisted-pair cable. Twisted-Pair Cable 9
Coaxial Cable Coaxial Cable
Fiber-Optic Cable
Coaxial cable consists of a single copper wire surrounded by at least
three layers. The first one is an insulating material, the second is a
wire mesh, and the third is a plastic outer coating. On coaxial cables,
data travels through a copper wire. Cable TV network wiring uses
coaxial cable.
Fiber-Optic Cable
The core of a fiber-optic cable consists of hundreds of thin
strands of glass or plastic that use light to transmit signals.
Inside the fiber-optic cable, an insulating glass cladding and a
protective coating surrounds each optical fiber. Many big
companies use fiber-optic cables in high-traffic networks.
WIRELESS TRANSMISSION MEDIA
Wireless transmission media sends communication signals through the air. Many people use
this media because it is more convenient than installing cables. Types of wireless transmission
media used in communications include infrared, broadcast radio, cellular radio, microwaves,
and communication satellites.
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PMP
Infrared (IR)
Infrared (IR) is a wireless transmission medium that sends signals using infrared light waves.
Infrared systems use the same technology as household remote controls. It is also used with
computers and devices like cordless keyboards and mouses.
Broadcast Radio Downloading
Files
Broadcast radio is a wireless transmission
medium that distributes radio signals through the
air over long distances, such as between cities,
regions, and countries, and short distances, such
as within an office or home. Bluetooth and Wi-Fi
communication technologies use broadcast radio
signals.
Cellular Radio Broadcast Radio
Cellular radio is a wireless transmission medium that is used for mobile communications. It is
a form of broadcast radio. Several categories of cellular radio transmissions exist, such as 1G
(first generation of cellular transmissions), 2G, 3G, 4G and 5G.
Wi-Fi
Wi-Fi is short for wireless fidelity, which is a popular wireless networking technology
that uses radio waves to provide wireless high-speed network connections.
10
Microwave Earth-based dish
Microwaves provide a high-speed wireless signal
transmission. It involves sending signals from one
microwave station to another. A microwave station
is an earth-based dish that contains the antenna
and other equipment necessary for microwave
communications. Microwave transmission is used
in wide-open areas, such as deserts or lakes.
Microwave
Satellite Communication Satellite
Communication Satellite A communication satellite is a space station that
receives microwave signals from an earth-based
station, amplifies (strengthens) the signals, and
broadcasts the signals back over a wide area to
any number of earth-based stations. Applications
such as television and radio broadcasts, weather
forecasting, videoconferencing, GPS, and Internet
connections use communication satellites.
PMP
Network Architecture
The network architecture refers to how computers are organised and how tasks are allocated
among these computers. It is mainly categorized into two major types:
PEER-TO-PEER NETWORK Computer
A network of two or more computers that uses PEER Computer IT PLANET - 8 (UBUNTU 18.04)
the same type of programs to communicate and TO Printer
share data is called a Peer-to-Peer network. Each
computer or peer is considered equal in terms of PEER
responsibilities, and each acts as a server to the
others in the network. Peer-to-Peer networks Computer
work best in a small environment. These
networks are designed primarily for small to
medium local area networks. One should not use
peer-to-peer network in case more than 10
computers are to be connected together.
CLIENT/SERVER NETWORK 11
A network in which one or more computers are designated as server(s), and the other
computers on the network, called clients, can request services from the server is known as
Client/Server Network.
Server
A server, sometimes called the host computer, controls access to the hardware and software
on the network and provides a centralized storage area for programs, data, and information.
When a user connects to the server, then applications, files, printers, etc. become available.
Some servers perform a specific task and are called dedicated
servers.
For example, a file server stores and manages files.
A print server manages printers and documents being printed.
A database server stores and provides access to a database.
A network server manages network traffic.
A web server is a computer that delivers requested web pages
to your computer.
Client
A Client is a computer system that relies on a
server for all the resources. For example, a
server might store a network version of word
processing program. Every client on the
network can access the word processing
program on the server.
PM PUBLISHERS PVT. LTD. Client/Server Network
PMP
Network Topology
In networking, the term topology refers to the layout structure of connected computers and
devices on a network. A network topology has two levels, i.e., physical and logical.
The physical level refers to the parts of a network that physically exist, such as computers,
cables and connectors. This level specifies where the computers on a network are located and
how all the parts of the network are connected. Cables are the most popular transmission
media to transfer information on network.
The logical level refers to the path which the information takes to reach its destination on a
network. The logical level of a network depends on many factors, such as the applications used
and the volume of information transferred over the network. Computers share information by
exchanging electrical signals. Signals are sent via the transmission medium that connects the
computers.
PHYSICAL LOGICAL
12
Bus, Star and Ring are the three main types of network topologies.
BUS TOPOLOGY
In this kind of topology, all the computers and their devices are connected to one single cable
called the Bus. This Bus network is also called linear network. It transmits data, instructions
and information in both directions.
Only one computer can communicate at a time in bus topology. A device, wanting to
communicate with another device on the network, sends a broadcast message onto the wire that
all other devices can see, but only the intended recipient accepts and processes the message.
Sending... Receiving...
PMP
In this topology, computer system can be easily added or removed from the network. The
failure of single node does not affect the performance of the remaining network. IT PLANET - 8 (UBUNTU 18.04)
STAR TOPOLOGY
In this kind of topology, connector called a hub is placed at the centre to which all the other
nodes are connected. All the information that is transferred from one computer to another on
the network, passes via the hub. Star network is one of the most common computer network
topologies, because, it is easy to add or remove nodes. A failure in any star network cable will
only take down network access of one computer and not the entire network. When the hub
fails, then the network also fails.
Star Topology 13
RING TOPOLOGY Ring Topology
In ring topology, nodes are connected in a circular chain
in which each node is connected to the next one and
the last node is connected to the first one. Every device
has exactly two neighbours for communication purpose.
All messages travel through a ring in the same direction
(either "clockwise" or "counter clockwise").
In this, if one node fails, the whole network goes off.
Computers are usually located close together. A ring
network is easy to set up because the computers are
attached to a single ring of cable and no central
connector, such as hub, is required. There is no
beginning or end in a ring network.
Protocol
A protocol is a set of rules that outlines characteristics of how two devices communicate over
the network. There are different protocols for different operations on the Internet.
PM PUBLISHERS PVT. LTD.
PMP
HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol): It is a set of rules that defines how pages transfer on the
Internet and what actions web servers and browsers should take in response to various
commands. Many web addresses begin with http:// as the protocol.
FTP (File Transfer Protocol): This is a set of rules that allows file uploading to and downloading
from other computers on the Internet. Uploading is the process of transferring files from your
computer to a server on the Internet. Downloading is the process of transferring files from a
server on the Internet to your computer. Web page developers often use FTP to upload their
webpages to a web server.
TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol): This is a network protocol that
defines how the information or messages are routed from one end of a network to the other,
ensuring the data arrives correctly. It has been used as network standard for Internet
communications.
POP3 (Post Office Protocol version 3): This is an email protocol that stores email messages on a
mail server and allows the user to view, access and manipulate the message after downloading
or storing it on their computer. Once the messages are downloaded onto your computer, they
are deleted from the mail server. This means that after the email is downloaded, it can only be
accessed using the same computer. If you try to access your email from a different device, the
messages that have been previously downloaded will not be available to you.
IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol): This is also an email protocol that stores email
messages on a mail server and allows the user to view, access and manipulate the messages on
the mail server from their computer. When you read an email message using IMAP, you are not
actually downloading or storing it on your computer; instead, you are reading it on the mail
server from your computer. As a result, if you try to access your email from a different device,
the same messages will be available to you.
SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol): This is an email protocol for sending email messages
across the Internet. SMTP was originally developed in the early 1980s and remains one of the
14 most popular protocols in use worldwide. Most email software programs use SMTP for sending
mails and use either the POP3 or IMAP protocol for receiving mails.
Self-Evaluation CHECKLIST
PMPAfter reading the chapter, I know these points:
Agree
Disagree$ I know that computer communication is described as a process in which one
computer transfers the data, instructions, and information to another computer(s).
$ I know that a network is a collection of computers and devices connected by
communication channels.
$ I know that there are many types of networks: Local Area Network, Metropolitan
Area Network and Wide Area Network and Personal Area Network.
$ I know that the network architecture is mainly catogorized into two major types—
Peer-to-peer network and Client/Server network.
$ I know that network topology refers to the layout structure of connected computers
and devices on a network.
$ I know that communication channel is a medium on which the data, instructions, or
information can travel.
Exercises
A. Tick [ü] the correct answer.
1. A computer network is a collection of computers and devices connected by .......... channels.
a. Internal b. Communication c. External
2. ........................ provide a high-speed wireless signal transmission.
a. Infrared b. Cellular Radio c. Microwaves
3. ............ is a network consisting of small and large computers over a vast geographical area.
a. LAN b. WAN c. MAN
4. The computer connected to the server is called ............................. computer.
a. Host b. Workstation c. Workgroup
5. ........................ network is designed primarily for small to medium local area networks.
a. Client b. Peer-to-Peer c. Server IT PLANET - 8 (UBUNTU 18.04)
6. ..................................... server manages printers and documents being printed on network.
a. Print b. Web c. Mail
B. Write ‘T’ for True and ‘F’ for False statements.
1. Each computer on a network cannot access hardware available on the network.
2. You can transfer songs from laptop to smartphone using PAN.
3. Landline phone networks and LANs often use twisted-pair cable.
4. A client is sometimes called the host computer.
5. A peer-to-peer network works best in a large working environment.
6. SMTP is an email protocol for receiving messages.
7. Network allows user to exchange money from one bank account to another via 15
Electronic Fund Transfer.
C. Fill in the blanks.
1. Each computer or device on the network is called a ................................ .
2. A …………………………. is a computer system that relies on a server for all the resources.
3. ………………… are powerful computers in the network.
4. A .................................. is a device that provides a central point for cables in a network.
5. ........................ transmission media use wire or cable to send communication signals.
6. Many big companies use .................................. cables in high-traffic networks.
D. Define the following.
1. Network: ....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
2. Protocol: ....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
3. Router: .......................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
4. FTP : ..........................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
5. SMTP: .........................................................................................................................................
PM PUBLISHERS PVT. LTD.....................................................................................................................................................
PMPE. Differentiate between the following.
1. POP3 IMAP
................................................................ .................................................................
................................................................ .................................................................
................................................................ .................................................................
2. Hub Switch
................................................................. .................................................................
................................................................ .................................................................
................................................................ .................................................................
3. LAN WAN
................................................................. .................................................................
................................................................ .................................................................
................................................................ .................................................................
4. Star Topology Ring Topology
................................................................. .................................................................
................................................................ .................................................................
................................................................ .................................................................
5. Physical Transmission Wireless Transmission
................................................................. .................................................................
................................................................ .................................................................
................................................................ .................................................................
6. Twisted-Pair Cable Coaxial Cable
................................................................. .................................................................
16 ................................................................ .................................................................
................................................................ .................................................................
F. Answer in 1-2 sentences.
1. What is communication?
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
2. What is a computer network?
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
3. What is Network Interface Card?
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
4. What is network architecture?
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
5. What is the meaning of communication channels?
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
6. How does a communication satellite work?
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
PMP
G. Answer Briefly.
1. What are the basic requirements for computer communication?
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
2. What are the different types of networks? Explain MAN and PAN.
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
3. What are the different types of network architecture? Explain.
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................... IT PLANET - 8 (UBUNTU 18.04)
4. What is Network topology? Explain Bus topology.
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
5. Write the different types of wireless transmission media.
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
H. Application Based Question.
Two students, A and B, are working on separate computers in the school computer lab. A wants 17
to see a file created by B on his computer. Can A access the computer of B? If yes, tell him
which network he can use to do it.
...........................................................................................................................................................
Discover More
GPS (Global Positioning System)
GPS is a navigation system that consists of one or more earth-
based receivers that accept and analyze signals sent by satellites
in order to determine the receiver’s geographic location. Many
mobile devices, such as smartphones, have GPS capability built
into the device. Some users carry a handheld GPS receiver;
others mount a receiver to an object such as car, an airplane, or
a computer or mobile device. A GPS receiver is a handheld, mountable, or embedded device that
contains an antenna, a radio receiver, and a processor. Many include a screen display that shows an
individual’s location on a map.
Uses of GPS
The first and most used application of GPS technology is to assist people in determining where they are
located. The data obtained from a GPS, however, can be applied to a variety of other uses: locating a
lost person or stolen object, monitoring the movement of a person or object, determining altitude, and
calculating speed.
Many vehicles use GPS to provide drivers with directions or other information, such as alternate traffic
routes, and track the vehicle if it is stolen. Newer GPS receivers also give information to drivers about
nearby points of interest, such as fuel stations, restaurants, and hotels.
Running Multiple Operating System using Virtual Machine
A virtual machine enables a computer to run another operating system in
addition to the one installed. Various reasons exist for using a virtual
machine. For example, if you are running the Windows OS on a computer but
need to work on Linux (Ubuntu) OS, you might set up a virtual machine
running the Windows OS so that you can run the desired OS (Linux).
To set up a virtual machine, you will need the required software, as well as
installation media for the operating system you want to install in the virtual
machine.
You can download virtual machine from the site “www.virtualbox.org”.
PM PUBLISHERS PVT. LTD.
PMP
Technology Trailblazers YEAR: 2011
Tim Cook
? CEO: Apple
Tim Cook is the CEO of Apple and serves on its Board of Directors. He is a
logistical mastermind with an ability to recollect facts and figures, which led
Apple climb up the profit charts to record levels.
Tim Cook was born in the small town of Robertsdale, Alabama, on November
1, 1960. He graduated from Auburn University with a Bachelor's degree in
Industrial Engineering and earned an MBA from Duke University. Following a
12-year career at IBM, Tim Cook went on to executive roles at Intelligent
Electronics and Compaq, before joining Apple in 1998. In August 2011, Cook
18 was named Apple's new CEO, following the death of predecessor Steve Jobs.
2 Base - Creating a Database
Topics Covered
•Database •LibreOffice Base •Starting LibreOffice Base •Project: Dance Class Database •Creating a
Blank Database •Understanding Database Window • Table Views •Creating a New Table in Design View
•Understanding Field Properties •Adding Records to a Table
Database PM
A database is a collection of data organized in PAYROLL 2001
a manner that allows easy access, retrieval, PAYROLL 2002
and use of that data. PAYROLL 2003
PAYROLL 2004
In a manual database, you might record data
on paper and store it in a filing cabinet. PAYROLL 1995
Database software like Base is a software that
allows you to create, access, and manage a PAYROLL 2006
database on a computer.
PMP
The computer stores the data on a storage medium, such as a hard drive or optical disc.
LibreOffice Base
LibreOffice Base is a powerful open source database software that allows you to create,
manage and process data in the form of a table. It is a part of LibreOffice suite. You can use
LibreOffice Base to create, retrieve, and manage large or small collection of information.
If you have information that you would like to organize, Base will help you do this. You can use
a spreadsheet to organize information, but maintaining a spreadsheet with Calc can often be
more complex and time-consuming than using a database with Base.
COMPONENTS OF BASE IT PLANET - 8 (UBUNTU 18.04)
Tables, Records, and Fields: In LibreOffice Base, a database consists of a collection of tables 19
organized in rows and columns. A record is a row in a table that contains information about a
given person, product, or an event. A field is a column in a table that contains a specific piece
of information within a record. It is the smallest unit of data.
Datasheet And Forms: Each table appears as a spreadsheet grid called datasheet. You can type
directly into a datasheet. You can create forms, which are like dialog boxes that prompt for
field entries, to make data entry more convenient.
Filter And Queries: You can filter a table to show only desired records and fields. You can also
create a query, which is like a saved filter. Queries also enable you to combine data from
multiple related tables into a single datasheet of results.
Reports: Reports present data from tables and queries in an attractive format, with titles,
headers, footers, and graphics.
Starting LibreOffice Base
You can start LibreOffice Base to create or open a database file.
1. Click on Show Applications button icon. Activities window will appear.
2. Type LibreOffice Base in the Search bar.
3. Click on LibreOffice Base icon.
A Database Wizard window appears.
Database Wizard has three options:
The first option is used to create a new
database.
The second option is used to open an
existing database.
The third option is used to connect to an
existing database.
Project: Dance Class Database
PM PUBLISHERS PVT. LTD.
Start Student_ID Number [NUMERIC] Identification of the student
PMP Name Text [VARCHAR] Name of the student
Class Text [VARCHAR] Class of the student
Dance Text [VARCHAR] Type of dance which student will learn
Transportation Text [VARCHAR] Mode of transportation for the student
Fees Number [NUMERIC] Fees of the student
Table Structure
Students Detail Table
20 Final Report
This project contains a database called ‘Dance Class’, a table named ‘Students Detail’ created in
Design view and finally a report of Table.
Creating a Blank Database
You can create a new database and fill data in it. Base prompts you to assign a name to the
file when you create a new database file.
1. Select the option Create a new database. (It
is selected by default)
1 2. Click on Next.
2PMP 3. Choose the option Yes, Register the
database for me.
3
4 4. Choose the option Open the database for
editing.
5. Click on Finish.
The Save dialog box will appear.
5 IT PLANET - 8 (UBUNTU 18.04)
8
6
7 6. Navigate the folder where you want to save
the database.
7. Type the name for your database e.g. Dance
Class.
8. Click on Save.
After creating and saving, a new database opens in the main
database window.
21
Understanding Database Window
For working in Base, you must understand its interface. The main database window contains
three sections: Database, Tasks and List. The heading of List depends upon which icon is
selected in the Database section.
Menu Bar Title Bar Window Control Buttons
Toolbar Tasks
Database
ListPM PUBLISHERS PVT. LTD.
Title Bar: The title bar, located at the top, shows the name of the displayed database andPMP
Window control buttons on the right.
Menu Bar: It displays the names of the Base menus.
Toolbar: Toolbar contains buttons you can use to select common commands, such as Save and Print.
Window Control Buttons: These buttons are used to minimize the program window, restore the
window to full size, or close the window.
Database: This section is the column of icons on the left side of the window. It contains four
icons: Tables, Queries, Forms and Reports.
! Tables: In Base, a database consists of a collection of tables, organized in rows and columns.
A record is a row in a table that contains information about a given person, product or an
event. A field is a column in a table that contains a specific piece of information within a
record. It is the smallest unit of data and information.
! Queries: You can filter a table to show only certain records and fields. You can also create a
query, which is like a saved filter. Queries also enable you to combine data from multiple
related tables into a single datasheet of results.
! Forms: Each table appears as a spreadsheet grid called datasheet. You can type directly into
a datasheet. You can also create forms, which are like dialog boxes that prompt for field
entries, to make data entry more convenient.
! Reports: Reports present data from tables and queries in an attractive format, with titles,
headers, footers and graphics.
Depending on the work area selected, various tasks may be carried out.
22 Tasks: This part contains a list of tasks that can be done related to the icon selected in the
Database section. For example, when the Tables icon is selected in the Database section, three
tasks appear in this section. Two of them help you create a table and one helps you create a view.
PMPThe right side of the Tasks section has the Description heading which gives you information
about each task. Click any one of the tasks to see its description.
IT PLANET - 8 (UBUNTU 18.04)
List: When you select any icon (Tables, Queries, Forms or Reports) in the Database section,
this section contains a list of the selected icon respectively. The title for this section becomes 23
name of the icon selected. To the right of this section is a small window which gives you
additional information about the specific document (table, query, form or report) you have
selected. The view is controlled by a drop-down list containing three options: None, Document
Information and Document.
Table Views
In LibreOffice Base, you can view your tables in two ways, data view and design view.
! Data view: It is used when you need to enter data in a table consisting of fields.
! Design view: It is used to create table structure and modify its design.
Creating a New Table in Design View
You can also make your table in Design View for greater control. Here, you enter your own
field names and descriptions, and choose your own field type to associate with each field.
You can also set your own primary key. You describe the structure when you describe the
fields within the table. For each field, you indicate the following:
1. FIELD NAME — There must be a unique name for each field in the table. For example, in
the Students table, the field names may be Roll Number, Name, Class, Section,
Transportation or Fees.
2. FIELD TYPE — Each field has a type that defines what you can store in it. You have number
of Field Types to choose, depending upon your needs. Some fields can contain only
numbers such as Amount Paid, Current Due and some fields can contain text such as Name
and Address. Data entry is restricted to valid entries for the type you choose. For example,
you cannot enter text in a field set for number.
There are several field types to choose while making databases. We will look at five
categories of field types in LibreOffice Base: integers, floating-point, text, time and other
types.
INTEGERS
An integer is a whole number. There are four integer types depending on their size.
• TINYINT (Tiny Integer) – It is the smallest of the integer types. Its size is 28. This field
accepts integers or whole numbers with a fixed length of three (3) spaces.
• SMALLINT (Smaller Integer) – It has the size of 216. This field accepts integers or whole
numbers with a fixed length of five (5) spaces.
• INTEGER or INT – It is the most commonly used integer type, with a size of 232. This
field accepts integers or whole numbers with a fixed length of ten (10) spaces. It also
has an auto value feature that fills up the field with a value you set, automatically.
• BIGINT (Big Integer) – It has the size of 264 which is really big. This field accepts
integers or whole numbers with a fixed length of nineteen (19) spaces. It also has an
auto value feature that fills up the field with a value you set, automatically.
PM PUBLISHERS PVT. LTD.FLOATING-POINT
PMP Floating-point numbers are numbers with decimals or real numbers. They are made of a
whole part and a partial part, separated by a decimal point. These kinds of fields can
accept numbers more that 17 spaces long.
! DECIMAL and NUMERIC – These types have an unlimited range. When you define them,
you specify the total number of digits (or places) allowed and the number of those
digits which will fall after the decimal point, i.e. ‘number’ DECIMAL (10, 2) would mean
a field named ‘number’ that has 10 places with two after the decimal point so that the
largest number for this definition is 99,999,999.99
! REAL – This field can hold numbers with more than seventeen (17) spaces. It stores the
data in a way compatible with other database applications.
! DOUBLE – This field can also hold numbers with more than seventeen (17) spaces,
theoretically doubling the amount. It also stores the data in a way compatible with
other database applications.
TEXT
Text is a string of characters. These are:
• VARCHAR (Variable Characters) – This is the default field type that accepts letters,
numbers, punctuations and other characters. With VARCHAR, you define the maximum
number of characters for the field, i.e., “name” VARCHAR (30) for a variable named
name that can have up to 30 characters. If you do not use all 30 characters, the field
will only use the required space in the database.
• VARCHAR_IGNORECASE – This field is similar to the VARCHAR. The only difference is
that lower and uppercase entries are not considered while doing a search or Query.
• CHAR or CHARACTER – It is fixed size text field. This field is also similar to the "text
varchar" field. The difference is that the length of the field must be fixed to a certain
amount of characters. If the given text does not fill all the space, the text is padded
with spaces.
• LONGVARCHAR (Memo) – It is designed for large blocks of text. It is similar to the "text
varchar" field. The only difference is that it can immediately accommodate entries with
lengths over 2 billion spaces.
DATE/TIME
These are the types for defining fields that track the date and time.
• DATE – It contains a date. The format for date entry is YYYY-MM-DD, i.e., 2018-05-25.
• TIME – It contains a clock time. The format of time uses a 24 hour clock as HH:MM:SS,
i.e., 16:21:46 for 4:21:46 PM.
• TIMESTAMP or DATETIME – It is a combination of both date and time. Once again the
time is in 24 hour clock format. It is displayed as YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS, i.e., 2018-
05-25 16:21:46.
OTHER TYPES
• YES/NO (Boolean) - This field is set to handle a "Yes" or "No" input which is a common
24 boolean argument.
• BINARY, VARBINARY, LONGVARBINARY – Used for storing binary data like images.
• OTHER or OBJECT – You may not find much use for this type while working in
LibreOffice, but for completeness, OTHER or OBJECT are used to store serialized Java
objects.
3. DESCRIPTION — You can enter detailed description of all the fields within the table.
CREATING A NEW TABLE 1. Open the database and
click on Tables icon on
1 the Database section.
2
2. Click on Create Table in
Field Name Field Type Description Design View.
column
column column Table Design View window
Pane in which will appear.
field properties
You should define the fields
are specified by specifying the required
PMP details in the table window
to proceed to the next step
in creating the table.
You should make entries in
the Field Name, Field Type
and Description columns and
then enter additional
information in the Field
Properties Pane, in the
lower portion of the Table
window.
3. Type Student_ID (the IT PLANET - 8 (UBUNTU 18.04)
3 name of the first field)
25
in the Field Name
column.
4. Press the TAB key to
bring the insertion point
to Field Type column.
The word, Student_ID, is displayed in the Field Name column and the insertion point advances to the
Field Type column, indicating that you can enter the field type. The word Text [VARCHAR], one of the
possible field types, is currently displayed.
5. If you want to change
5 the Field Type, click on
the arrow button and
change the Field Type
according to your need.
After selecting the Field
Type, its properties will be
displayed in the lower pane
(Field Properties).
7 PM PUBLISHERS PVT. LTD.6. After selecting the Field
9 Type, press the TAB key
PMP to move the insertion
10 point to the Description
column.
12
7. Type your text as
13 description in the
26 Description column.
8. Press the Tab key again
to move to the Field
Name column in the
second row.
9. Type the text (Name) in
Field Name column.
10. Press the Tab key to
move to the Field Type
column.
The word ‘Text
[VARCHAR]’ is currently
displayed in that field.
11. Press the Tab key to
move the insertion
point to the Description
column, if you want the
Field Type as Text
[VARCHAR].
12. Type the text for the
Description column.
13. Repeat steps 3 — 8 to
make the remaining
entries in the table to
complete it.
As per the Finish
project, Table
Structure is
now complete.
SETTING A PRIMARY KEY
A Primary key is a key that differentiates the records in a table. The data stored in a key field
contains data that is unique to a specific record. In each new table that you create, you have
to set one field as the primary key. Base uses this key to relate this table records to those in
another table. For example, a student record would use Roll Number as a key field because it
uniquely identifies each student.
1. Select the field that you want
1 to set as the primary key by
clicking on row header. [ ]
appears beside the selected
field.
2 PMP 2. Right-click on the row header.
3 A context menu appears.
3. Click on the Primary Key.
The field will be set as the
primary key, indicated by a
small key in the field of
selector column.
To remove Primary Key, repeat
steps 2 and 3.
SAVING THE TABLE IT PLANET - 8 (UBUNTU 18.04)
Table structure is now complete. The next step is to save the table in the database. You should
give a name to the table before saving it. Once you have saved the table, you can continue
working in the Table window or close the window.
1. Click on the Save button.
1 The Save As dialog box appears.
2. Type the name ‘Students
Detail’ in the Table Name box.
3. Click on OK button.
2 Base saves the table and the
3 table name appears in the Title
bar.
27
Understanding Field Properties
Each field has a set of properties that defines and controls it. These properties include basics
such as its size and format as well as rules for making entries in it.
Field Properties Property
for Text Information
Entry Text
required
Length
Default value
Format example
Field Properties
for Number
PM PUBLISHERS PVT. LTD.Decimal places
PMPEntry required: Number
Length:
Use Entry required property for any field that must have a value
Default value: by selecting Yes. Be sure that an entry will always be required if
you select Yes.
Format example:
Property Information: The Length property determines the size of the entry that can be
Decimal places: used for a field. Each of the field types have specific maximum
lengths. The default length for Text field is 100 and for Number
field is 10.
You can speed up data entry for fields that usually contain the
same value by making that value default. When you enter data in
the table, this value will be used in each new record for the field
selected.
Use Format example for determining the output format of data.
You can display the format code by selecting the (...) button which
opens the Field Format dialog box.
When the insertion point is in the Field Properties box,
information about that property appears here.
It specifies the number of decimal places permitted in this field.
28
SETTING FIELD LENGTH PROPERTIES
You can set the length of a field while creating a table in the Design View. However, you can
change the field length later using the following steps.
For the Text Field Type 1. Click on the Field whose size you
want to change.
The default field length for a Text is 100 characters.
2. Enter the New Field Size in the
1 Length text box.
2 PMP 1. Click on the field whose size you
want to change.
For the Number Field Type
2. Enter the New Field Size in the
The default length for Number field is 10. Length text box.
1
3. You can specify the decimal
2 places in this field.
3
Setting A Default Value IT PLANET - 8 (UBUNTU 18.04)
You can speed up data entry for fields that usually contain the same value by making that
value as the default. For example, if 90% of students take Kathak as dance, you can make
Kathak the default value in the Dance field.
1 1. Click on the Field whose default
value you want to set.
3
2 2. Click on the Default Value row.
3. Type the default value.
In this example, we have given
Kathak as a default value.
Base automatically adds
quotation marks around what
you typed if the field type is Text.
29
When you display the table in
the Table Data View, the default
value appears in new records.
Note: To get this screen, first you
have to save the table and then
open it.
SAVING AND CLOSING THE TABLE
After completing the table structure, you can save the table in the database and close the
window. 2
1 1. Click on Save button to
save your changes.
2. Click on Close button to
close the Table Design.
PM PUBLISHERS PVT. LTD.
PMP
Adding Records to a Table
After creating the structure of the table, you can add records to it. The table must be open
so that the records can be added to the table.
1 1. Open the database and
2 click on Tables icon on
the Database section.
30
2. Right-click the Table
name in List section.
3. Click on Open from the
context menu.
Table Data view window
will appear.
3
Students Detail: Table
window
Field names
Table Data view
Description of Record 1 is
first field current record
Record 1 of 1
45PMP 4. Type the ID Number in the
8 first Student_ID field.
5. Press the Tab key after IT PLANET - 8 (UBUNTU 18.04)
completing the entry for the
Student_ID field.
Type the given entries by
pressing the Tab key after
each field to complete the
record.
6. After typing the last entry,
e.g. Fees, press the Tab key.
The insertion point comes to
the Student_ID field, in the
second row.
7. Add the remaining records
following the same steps you
used to add the first record,
as in steps 4 to 6.
8. When you finish entering
data, click on save button to
save the changes.
Base saves the table.
As per the project,
Records in the Table
are added and done.
31
Finish
Self-Evaluation CHECKLIST
PM PUBLISHERS PVT. LTD.After reading the chapter, I know these points:
PMP$ I know that LibreOffice Base is a powerful open source database software.
Agree$ I know that database is a collection of data organized in a manner that allows
Disagree
access, retrieval, and use of that data.
$ I know that a table defines the field and specifies how the data should be entered.
$ I know that tables consist of columns and rows that are used for holding data.
$ I know that in Design View, we can create whatever field we like and select the data
types for each field.
$ I know that a primary key is the key that differentiates the records in a table.
$ I know that field properties include basics such as its size and format as well as
rules for making entries in it.
Exercises
A. Tick (ü) the correct answer.
1. The software that helps to enter and organize data in a database is ....................... .
a. Base b. Calc c. Inkscape
2. A row in a table that contains information is called ....................... .
a. Field b. Record c. Datasheet
3. The specific piece of information in a table is known as .................................... .
a. Field b. Value c. Record
4. .................... is the combination of data from multiple related tables into a single datasheet.
a. Query b. Report c. Filter
5. The data type that is used for large blocks of text is ................................... .
a. LONGVARCHAR b. VARCHAR c. BIGINT
B. Write ‘T’ for True and ‘F’ for False statements.
1. LibreOffice Base is a powerful open source database software.
2. Queries can filter a table to show only certain records and fields.
3. Reports are used to present data from tables in an attractive format.
4. INT is the most commonly used integer type, with a size of 286.
5. LONGVARCHAR (Memo) is designed for small blocks of text.
C. Fill in the blanks.
1. A database consists of table is organized in ................................ and ................................ .
2. Columns can be used to hold ................................ in a table.
3. There must be a ............................... name for each field in the table.
4. ............................... numbers are number with decimal or real numbers.
5. ............................ is a key that differentiate the records in a table of database.
32 6. ............................... property determines the size of the entry that can be used for a field.
D. Define the following terms.
1. Field Name: ...............................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
2. Field Type: .................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
3. Description: ...............................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
4. Format example: ..........................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
E. Differentiate between the following.
1. Record Field
................................................................ .................................................................
................................................................ .................................................................
................................................................ .................................................................
2. Tasks List
................................................................ .................................................................
................................................................ .................................................................
................................................................ .................................................................
PMP
3. VARCHAR LONGVARCHAR
................................................................ .................................................................
................................................................ .................................................................
................................................................ .................................................................
F. Answer in 1-2 sentences.
1. What is LibreOffice Base?
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
2. Why do we use database?
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
3. Why do we need a Primary Key?
.................................................................................................................................................... IT PLANET - 8 (UBUNTU 18.04)
....................................................................................................................................................
4. What is the use of default value in the properties?
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
G. Answer Briefly.
1. What is the role of Tables in Database?
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
2. Define any two icons of the database section.
....................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................... 33
....................................................................................................................................................
3. Name the different Field Types of LibreOffice Base.
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
4. Name the different Field Properties of a LibreOffice Base.
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
5. What do you mean by changing the Field Size?
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
H. Application Based Question.
Somya has made a database table in Base containing fields like Student_name, Class, Roll_no.
and Contact_no. She has set the primary key for the field ‘Student_name’. Has she done the
right thing by setting the primary key for this field?
...........................................................................................................................................................
PM PUBLISHERS PVT. LTD.Activity Section
PMP
Lab Activity
1. Create a database named ‘Introduction’, and then create a table using Design View
where each record contains the given fields:
Field Name Data Type Description
Last_Name VARCHAR
First_Name VARCHAR
Date_of_birth DATE
Qualification VARCHAR
Address LONGVARCHAR
Date_of_joining DATE
Contact_Number NUMERIC
a. Add suitable description for each Field name.
b. Now enter 20 records in the table.
c. Save the table as 'Personal Information'.
2. Create the following database in LibreOffice Base.
a. Create a new database as ‘Address’.
b. Now create a table that contains the following fields in it:
Contact_ID, First_Name, Last_Name, Address, City, Phone, Date_of_birth
c. Save the table as 'My Contacts'.
d. Select 'Contact ID' as the primary key field in which numbers are to be added manually.
e. Now enter 10 records in the table.
f. Add another field name 'E-mail' to the table and update the records accordingly.
34 g. Close the database and LibreOffice Base.
3 Base- Tables and Forms
Topics Covered
•Working with a Database Table •The Find Feature •Sorting Records •Filtering Data by Selection
•Changing Table View •Editing Fields of Table •Joining or Creating Relationship Between Tables
•Creating Forms
Working with a Database Table
A database table is composed of records and fields that hold data. Tables are also called
datasheets. In the previous chapter, you have created a database table and added records to
it. After creating table, you need to work on it.
SELECTING DATA IN A TABLE
Before performing any task in a Table, you need to select data in a table. The selected data
appears highlighted on your screen. To make a selection, perform the following steps:
Selecting a Field
1. Place your mouse pointer over the
1 name of the field you want to
select. Then click to select the
field.
PMP
To select multiple fields, position the mouse pointer over the name of the first field. Then drag the
mouse pointer until you highlight all the fields you want to select.
Selecting a Record
1. Place your mouse pointer over the
1 area to the left of the record you
want to select. Then click to select
the record. IT PLANET - 8 (UBUNTU 18.04)
To select multiple records, place your
mouse pointer over the area to the
left of the first record. Then drag the
mouse until you highlight all the
records you want to select.
Selecting a Cell 1. Click inside the cell. The data in
the cell will be selected.
1
35
The Find Feature
You can find the specific records or information in a large database. Find feature allows you to
quickly search for a piece of record in tables, queries and forms in a database.
3 1. Open the table that you want to
2 search for a piece of record.
2. Select the field (column) that you
want to search.
3. Click on Find Record or press
CTRL+F.
4 5 The Record Search dialog box appears.
4. Select the Text option.
5. Type the text (Jazz) you want to
search in the text box.
The field you selected in Step 2
appears in the Single field option of
Where to search section. You can use
the arrow to select different fields.
PM PUBLISHERS PVT. LTD.
67 6. Click on Search button.
PMP Base highlights the text.
7. Click on Close button.
Base jumps to the first (and only)
occurrence of the word ‘Jazz’ that it
finds, in the table.
Sorting Records
Sorting means arranging the records in a particular order, ascending or descending. To sort the
records, select the field on the basis of which you want to arrange the records.
You can change the order of records in a table. This can help you find, organize, and analyze
data.
3 1. Open the table that you want to sort.
2
2. Click on the Field that you want to
36 sort.
3. Click on Sort button.
$ Click on Ascending ( ) to sort the
records in ascending order.
$ Click on Descending ( ) to sort the
records in descending order.
The records will appear in the new order.
Filtering Data by Selection
You can filter data in a table to display only records containing data of interest. Filtering data
can help you review and analyze information in your database.
2 1. Click the data you want to use, to filter
1 the records.
Base will display only records that contain
exactly the same data.
2. Click on AutoFilter icon.
3 Base displays only the records containing
the filtered data. All other records appear
hidden.
3. When you finish reviewing the filtered
records, click on Reset Filter to once
again display all the records.
PMPSTANDARD FILTER
Standard Filter enables you to filter by multiple fields and specify criteria for as many fields as
you like. When you filter, you can combine the criteria using AND, OR, or a combination of the
two. An AND combination finds records where both criteria are met; an OR combination finds
records where at least one of the criterion is met.
2 1. Open the table if it is not already
opened.
2. Click on Standard Filter button.
Standard Filter dialog box appears.
3 45 3. Select the Field name by using the
arrow drop-down menu.
4. Select the Condition by using the arrow IT PLANET - 8 (UBUNTU 18.04)
drop-down menu.
5. Type the Value.
You can create an AND criteria statement specifying more than one criterion on the same
Filter. For example— you could filter for Name of student AND who is learning Kathak.
76 6. Select the Field name by using the
arrow drop-down menu.
9 37
8 7. Select the Operator by using the arrow
drop-down menu.
8. Repeat steps 4 and 5.
9. Click on OK.
Similarly, you can use OR criteria statement. LibreOffice Base applies the filter and displays only
those records whose Dance field equals "Kathak"
AND whose Name field equals "Parveen".
In this example, only one record meets the filter
criteria.
Changing Table View
Table Data View and Table Design View are two views in which you can view your table. In
Table Data view, you can enter data. You can use Table Design view to modify the design of
the table.
SWITCH TO TABLE DESIGN VIEW 1. Open the database and click
on Tables icon in the
1 Database section.
2 2. Right-click the Table name in
3 List section.
PM PUBLISHERS PVT. LTD.
3. Click on Edit from the context
PMP menu.
Table Design View window will
appear.
Base will display the design of the
table and show the field
properties.
Now, you can make changes in
the structure of the table.
SWITCH TO TABLE DATA VIEW 1. Open the database and click
on Tables icon in the
1 Database section.
2
3 2. Right-click the Table name in
List section.
38
3. Click on Open from the
context menu.
Table Data View window will
appear.
Base displays the table in the
Table Data view.
Editing Fields of Table
RENAMING A FIELD
If you are not satisfied with the name of fields, you can rename the fields of the Table to
describe the contents of the field more accurately.
1. Open the table in Design View.
23 2. Click on the field whose name you
want to change.
The field name is highlighted.
3. Type a new name for the field and
then press the Enter key.
The field displays the new name.
ADDING A NEW FIELD IN THE TABLE
You can add a new field to a table when you want to include an additional category of
information. You can add a new field between two fields, if you have not saved your table. If
you have saved the table then the new field will appear in the last place.
2 PMP 1. Open the table in Design View.
3
2. Right-click on the name of the
field that you want to be
displayed after the new field.
A menu will appear.
3. Click on Insert Rows.
The new blank row appears in the
table.
Now, assign a name to the field and
add information into it.
DELETING A FIELD IN THE TABLE IT PLANET - 8 (UBUNTU 18.04)
You can delete a field that you no longer need in a table.
1. Open the table in Design View.
2. Right-click on field that you want to remove. A menu will appear.
3. Click on Delete. Base removes the field and the data it contains from the table.
Relationship Between Tables 39
A relationship is a connection between multiple tables. For setting relationship, you need at
least two tables with a common field. For example, the Students Detail table may have a
Student_ID field, and the Dance Practice table may also have a Student_ID field. The two
tables could be joined or related by that field. The Field Type must be the same in both tables
for a relationship to exist.
Each table has a unique primary key, which identifies the information in a table. The
relationship between tables can then be set by using a foreign key – a field in a table that
links to the primary key of another table.
For understanding this concept we have to
consider two tables.
The first one is Students Detail table which
you have created in previous chapter. And
the second one that you have to create is
Dance Practice Table.
Dance Practice Table
CREATING A RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TABLES
Relationships are created and managed in a special database view called Relationships
window. You can create relationships between tables from there by dragging a field from one
table onto a field from another.
2 3 1. Open the database and click on Tables
1 icon in the Database section.
2. Click on Tools menu.
3. Click on Relationships to display the
Relation Design window.
PM PUBLISHERS PVT. LTD.
The Relation Design window appears. If
PMP any relationship already exists between the
tables in your database, a box for each
table appears in the window.
The Add Tables dialog box may also
appear, listing all the tables in your
database.
If the Add Tables dialog box does not
appear, click on Add Table button to
display the dialog box.
4. Click on a table you want to add the
Relation Design window.
5. Click on the Add button to add the
table to the window.
6. Repeat the steps 4 and 5 for each
4 table that you want to add.
7. When you finish adding tables to the
Relation Design window, click on the
Close button to remove the Add Tables
dialog box.
57
40
The Relation Design window displays a
box for each table.
The primary key for each table appears
highlighted. The primary key uniquely
identifies each record in a table.
Now, you can create a relationship between tables, identifying the matching fields in the tables.
89 8. Place your mouse pointer
over the field you want
to use, to create a
relationship with another
table.
9. Drag the field with mouse
over the other table until
a small box appears over
the matching field.
PMP A line connects the fields
in the two tables to show
that the relationship is
created.
DELETING A RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TABLES IT PLANET - 8 (UBUNTU 18.04)
If you no longer want the relationship between tables, you can delete it.
1. Click on the line for the
relationship you want to
delete.
1 The line will be selected.
2. Press the Delete key from
the keyboard.
Base permanently deletes the
relationship.
Update Your Knowledge 41
! Primary key is a key which is used to identify the records uniquely. In a table, there can be only
one Primary key which does not allow duplicate values to enter and can't be left blank.
! A relationship works by matching the data in the key field.
Creating Forms
A Form is a view of one or more tables that are designed to be used for data entry and
editing. By creating forms, you can make your database more user-friendly for inexperienced
users, who are likely to enter and edit records in it.
CREATING A FORM USING WIZARD
You can create a form using Form Wizard. The wizard asks you a series of questions and then
sets up a form based on your answers. If you want to use the same data from your table in
your Form, you can do it with the help of Form Wizard.
2 1. Open the database and click on Forms icon
1 in the Database section.
2. Click on Use Wizard to Create Form...
Form Wizard dialog box will appear.
3. If you have more than one table to choose
from, then click on the down arrow of
Tables or queries to display the list of tables
in your database.
4. Click on the table containing the fields, you
want to include in your form.
3PM PUBLISHERS PVT. LTD.
4
PMP
The fields in the table you selected get
displayed in the Available fields area.
5 5. Double-click on each field you want to
include in your form.
To add all the fields at once, click on ( ).
Each field you select appears in the Fields in the
form area.
6. To remove a field you accidentally selected,
double-click on the field in the Fields in the
6 form area.
To remove all the fields at once, click on ( ).
7. Click on Next button to continue.
7
42
8. Click on Next button to continue because
we do not want to create a subform.
8PMP You can also choose a variety of layouts
9 while creating a form. The layout of a form
determines the arrangement of information IT PLANET - 8 (UBUNTU 18.04)
10 on the form.
11 9. Select the layout or arrangement, you
12 want to use for your form.
13 14 10. Click on Next button to continue.
15 11. Select the option The form is to display
all data.
You can select another option if you want
your form to be used for entering new data
only.
12. Click on Next button to continue.
13. Select one of the listed styles from Apply
styles area.
14. Select one of the border options from
Field border area.
15. Click on Next button to continue.
43
PM PUBLISHERS PVT. LTD. 16. Type a name for your form in this box.
16 17. Click on Finish button to create your
PMP
form.
17
19
The form appears with your
selected field names.
18. You can move through
the records in a form to
review or edit any
information, you have
made. To move to
another record, click on
these buttons.
Functions of these buttons
18 are discussed below the
screen shot.
1 2 34567 8
1. Record number: The form numbers the rows of the underlying table, from the top row to the
bottom row. The record number shown is the number of the row that appears on the form.
2. Total records: This shows the total number of records of the underlying table when the number
of rows is small. With larger tables, this shows only part of the total number.
3. First record: Click this arrow to go to the first record. (The record number becomes 1 or
whatever is the smallest number. If the present record is the first record, this arrow is grayed
out and not usable.)
4. Previous record: Click this arrow to go to the previous record. (The record number becomes
one less than what it had been. If the present record is the first record, this arrow is grayed out
and cannot be used.)
5. Next record: Click this arrow to go to the next record.
6. Last record: Click this arrow to go to the last record. (The record number becomes the largest
one. If the present record is the last record, this arrow is grayed out and cannot be used.)
7. New record: Click this icon if you want to create a new record. It will be considered the last
record.
8. Delete record: Click this icon if you want to delete the data from all of the fields in the present
record.
44 19. When you finish viewing your form, click on Close button (x) to close the form and return to
the Database window.
Self-Evaluation CHECKLIST
PMPAfter reading the chapter, I know these points:
Agree
Disagree$ I know that in a Table, the selected data appears highlighted on the screen.
$ I know that Find option is used to search a piece of record in Tables and Forms.
$ I know that Data View and Design View are the two views of our table.
$ I know that Sorting means arranging the records in ascending or descending order.
$ I know that Filtering enables us to filter by multiple fields and specify criteria for as
many fields as we like.
$ I know that relationships are created and managed in a special database view called
Relationships window.
$ I know that a Form is a view of one or more tables that are designed to be used for
data entry and editing.
Exercises
A. Tick (ü) the correct answer.
1. The selected data appears .............................. on the screen.
a. Colored b. Highlighted c. Gray
2. The shortcut key for 'Find' option is ...................................... .
a. Alt + F b. Ctrl + I c. Ctrl + F
3. You can modify the structure of the table in .................................. .
a. Data View b. Design View c. Query View
4. Arranging records in a particular order is called .............................. .
a. Filtering b. Sorting c. Forming
5. .......................... is designed to enter and edit data in a table very easily.
a. Table b. Query c. Form
B. Write ‘T’ for True and ‘F’ for False statements.
1. Find option is used to search a piece of record in Tables and Forms.
2. Primary key field cannot be deleted in Base. IT PLANET - 8 (UBUNTU 18.04)
3. Filtering by form enables you to filter by single field.
4. Relationship database can contain multiple related tables.
5. A relationship works by matching the data in the key field.
6. You cannot move through the record in a form to review or edit any information.
C. Fill in the blanks.
1. ............................. and .......................... are the two views in which you can view your table.
2. ....................... data can help you review and analyze information in your database.
3. ......................................... enables you to filter by multiple fields and specify criteria for as
many fields as you like.
4. Primary key allow to enter .............................. values.
5. .............................. are created and managed in a Relationship window. 45
D. Differentiate between the following. Filtering
1. Sorting .................................................................
................................................................. .................................................................
................................................................ .................................................................
................................................................ Foreign Key
2. Primary Key .................................................................
................................................................. .................................................................
................................................................ .................................................................
................................................................
E. Answer in 1-2 sentences.
1. Name the ways by which selection of data in a table is done.
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
2. What is the use of Find feature in LibreOffice Base?
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
3. What do you mean by Filtering data by Selection?
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
4. What is Relational Database?
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
5. Name the ways used to do editing of fields in a table.
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
F. Answer Briefly.
1. How will you create relationship between tables?
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
2. What do you mean by Form? Explain.
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
3. What is the benefit of using standard filter?
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
PM PUBLISHERS PVT. LTD.
PMP
G. Application Based Question.
Ruchi has created three tables. These tables are as follows:
Table 1 Table 2 Table 3
Emp_no, Contact_no
Emp_no, Emp_name Designation, Department
Can you tell between which two tables can she create a relationship and why?
46 ...........................................................................................................................................................
Activity Section
Lab Activity
Open LibreOffice Base and do the following:
1. Create a new database named ‘Student’.
2. Create a table using the Design View, containing following fields in it:
Roll No. First Name Last Name Address Date of Birth Phone No. Postal code
3. Store the following records in the table:
1 Mahesh Kumar Delhi 06/08/1997 23456664 110005
2 Suresh Singh Faridabad 15/05/1998 32344333 110020
3 Kamal Sharma Noida 21/11/1996 26545556 201005
4 Rashmi Chawla Ghaziabad 10/10/1998 34355555 110001
5 Aman Gupta Delhi 65456655 110015
25/12/1995
4. Save the above table as ‘Personal Information’, selecting Roll Number as the Primary key field.
5. Select the fourth record and delete it.
6. Rename the field ‘Address’ as ‘Postal Address’.
7. Enter three more sets of records in the table.
8. Delete the field ‘Postal Code’.
9. Create another table in the same database with the following fields in it using the Design View:
PMP
Roll No. Tuition Fee Dance Fee Computer Fee Late Fee Total
10. Store the following records in the table:
1 5000 700 500 0 6200
2 4500 1000 500 100 6100
3 6000 900 1000 500 8400
4 5000 600 500 0 6100
5 6000 500 900 100 7500
11. Save the table as 'Fee Details' without keeping any of the field as Primary key.
12. Using Form Wizard, make a form with any one of the above tables.
13. Save the Form.
14. Close the Database window and exit Base.
Discover More IT PLANET - 8 (UBUNTU 18.04)
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4 Base- Query & Report
Topics Covered
•The Query •Creating a Query •Running a Query •Using Criteria in Query •Sorting Data in Query
•Creating a Report
In your previous chapters, you learnt how to work in table, create relationship between
tables, and create forms. In this chapter, you will learn how to create Queries and Reports
in Base.
The Query
Query is a request for specific data from the database. The capability of querying a database is
one of the most powerful database features.
In other words, a Query is simply a question represented in a way that Base can understand. If
you want to find the answer to a question, you will have to create a corresponding query first.
Once your query has been created, you instruct Base to run the query that is to perform the
steps through which you can obtain your answer. The answer will then be displayed in the
Query Data View.
Creating a Query
You can use Design View to manually create a selected query. When you use Design View, you
have more control over the details of the query design. Perform the following steps to begin
creating a query.
PM PUBLISHERS PVT. LTD.
2 1. Open the database and
1 PMP click on Queries icon in
the Database section.
3
4 2. Click on Create Query in
48 Design View.
Query Design View and Add
Table or Query dialog box
will appear.
Lists of all the tables in
your database are shown
in this area.
3. Click on the table that
contains information you
want to use in your
query.
4. Click on Add button to
add the table to your
query.
A box appears in the Query Design View,
displaying the fields for the table you selected.
5. Repeat steps 3 and 4 for each table you want to
use in your query.
6. Click on Close button to hide the dialog box.
6
Each box in this area displays different fields for
particular table.
If you add a table accidentally to the query and want
to delete it, click on the table and then press on the
Delete key. This removes the table from the Query
Design View, but not from the database.
7. Double-click with the mouse on a field you want
to include in your query.
7 You can also drag the field into first empty column
in the design grid.
The field you selected and the table that
contains the field are displayed in this area.
Sometimes, you want to refer a field or group of
fields by a different name. Alias allows you to create
an “alias” name in the resulting dataset. E.g., if you
need the field “City” named “Place”.
8. Repeat step 7 for each field you want to include
in your query.
PMP
RUNNING A QUERY
IT PLANET - 8 (UBUNTU 18.04)
After the query is created, you need to run the query to produce the results. You should click
on the Run Query button in the database toolbar to achieve your purpose. Base will then
perform the steps that are necessary to obtain and display the answer. The set of records that
makes up the answer will be displayed in Query Data view. Though it might look like a table
stored in your disk, it is not actually so. The data stored in the existing table is used to
construct the records. If you want to change the data in the Student Detail table and then re-
run this same query, the results would reflect the changes. Perform the following steps to run
the query.
1 1. Click on Run Query button to run the query.
You can also press F5 key to run the query.
49
The results of the query appear in Query
Data View.
This area displays the names of the
fields you included in the query.
The records that meet the conditions
you specified appear in this area.
SAVING A QUERY
Creating and running a query is a way of extracting information from a database without
changing the data that is stored in the database tables. A query does not store data, it rather
retrieves the data that is stored in tables. Sometimes, to share that table with others, you may
want to save the results of the query as a new table.
1. Click on Save button.
1 The Save As dialog box appears.
2. Type a name for your query.
3. Click on OK button to save your query.
When you finish viewing the results of your
query, click on Close button (x) to close the
query and return to the Database window.
PM PUBLISHERS PVT. LTD.
2
PMP 3
TYPES OF QUERIES
There are mainly three types of query : Simple query, Unmatched query and Duplicate query.
Simple Query: It is used to ask some particular questions about data in the database.
Unmatched Query: It is used to find the records from one table that do not have
corresponding values in the second table.
Duplicate Query: It is used to display the records that have same values for one or more
of the specified fields.
USING CRITERIA IN QUERY
You can find specific records in your database by using criteria. Criteria are conditions that
identify the records you want to find.
Using Text Data
While using queries, you usually look for the records that satisfy some criterion. You might
want to find the list of students who are learning Kathak dance. To enter criteria, enter the
name of dance in the Criteria row in the design grid, just below the field name to which the
criterion applies. For example, to indicate that the name of the dance must be Kathak, you
50 must first add the dance field to the design grid. You would then type Kathak in the Criteria
row right below the Dance field and click on Run button to run the Query.
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