Class 8 book

4 1. Open the query.
23
2. Click in the Criterion field.

3. Type the data that you want to view
and press Enter key.

In this example, we have listed a Dance
(Kathak) name as the criterion.

4. Click on Run Query button to see the
results.

The table now shows only those records
that match the query.

This example lists records in which only
Kathak is listed as the Dance name.

Using Comparison Operator

If you do not specify, Base assumes that the criteria you have entered involves equality (exact
matches). If you want something other than an exact match, you must enter the appropriate
comparison operator. The comparison operators are > (greater than), < (less than), >= (greater
than or equal to), <= (less than or equal to), and NOT (not equal to).

Let us find the students whose Total Fee is more than 2500.

3 1. Click the Criteria area for the field you
want to use to find specific records.

2. Type the criteria (>2500) and press the
Enter key.

3. Click on Run Query button.
PMP
12
IT PLANET - 8 (UBUNTU 18.04)
The result of the query appears.
In this example, Base has found the
students whose total fee amount is more
than 2500.

SORTING DATA IN QUERY 51

Sorting can be very important in the queries. You may want to see the dances in which the
students are participating and would like this data to be arranged in an alphabetical order.

You have to sort the records to order them in the answer to a particular query. The field or
fields on which the records are sorted is called the sort key. If you are sorting on more than
one field, the more important field is called the major key (also called the primary sort key)
and the less important field is called the minor key (also called the secondary sort key).

Let us find the Dance Forms in Alphabetical order. 1. Click on the Sort area for the
field you want to use, to sort
4 the results of your query.

12 A down arrow button appears.
3 2. Click on the down arrow

PM PUBLISHERS PVT. LTD. button.
3. Click on the way you want to
PMP
sort the results (Ascending,
Descending, Not Sorted).
4. Click on Run Query button.

The records appear in the
order you specified. In this
example, the Dance is sorted
in ascending order.
Repeat steps 1 to 3, selecting (not
sorted) in step 3, if you do not
want to use a field to sort the
query results any longer.

DELETING A FIELD IN A QUERY

You can delete an unwanted field from your query. Deleting a field from a query does not
delete the field from the table you used to create the query.

1. Right-click directly above the
field you want to delete.

A context menu will appear.
2. Click on Delete.
The field disappears from your
1 query.

2

52

PMPCreating a Report

A report is a way to display data from a query and/or table in an appealing way. Reports are IT PLANET - 8 (UBUNTU 18.04)
specially designed to be printed. The report can have more elaborate formatting and layouts
than other objects you can print.
The portion at the top of the report, called page header, contains a custom title. The contents
of this page header are displayed at the top of each page. The detail lines, which are printed
for each record contain only those fields you specify and in the order you specify.
A report consists of information that is extracted from tables or queries. The tables or queries
that provide the underlying data are also known as record source of the report.

CREATING A REPORT USING REPORT WIZARD

You can use the Report Wizard to create a professionally designed report that summarizes the
data from your database. You can also specify how the data is grouped and sorted, and you
can use fields from more than one table.

1. Open the database and
click on Reports icon in
the Database section.

2. Click on Use Wizard to
2 Create Report.

Report Wizard dialog box
will appear.

1

The Report Wizard opens.
3. Click on the down arrow

of Tables or Queries.
3 4. Click on a table

containing the fields on
4 which you want to base

the report.

53

PM PUBLISHERS PVT. LTD. 5. Double-click on each field that you want
to include in the report.
PMP
5 Base adds the fields to the list.
To add all the fields, click on the Add All
[ ] button.

Each field you select appears in the Fields in
report area.
6. To remove a field you have wrongly

selected, double-click on the field in the
Fields in report area.
6
To remove all the fields at once, click on
( ).
7. Click on Next button to continue.
7

8. Click on any Field label box and change
8 the label.

9. Click on Next button to continue.

9

10. To use a specific field to group data in
10 your report, double-click on the field you

want to use.
This area shows how Base will group data
in your report.
11. Click on the Next button to continue.

11

54

13 12 12. To sort records of table in your report,
14 click on the arrow button in this area.
15
13. Click on the field you want to use to sort
16 17 the records.
18
PMP 14. Click on the Next button to continue.

15. Click on the Layout options to select a
layout for the report.

16. You can set the page orientation for a
report using these options.

17. Click on the Next button to continue.

18. Type a name for the report.
19. Click on Finish.

19

Base creates the report. IT PLANET - 8 (UBUNTU 18.04)

You can make changes in the
Report by right-clicking on the
Report name in Database
window and then clicking on
edit.

As per the 55
project, Final
report of the Finish
Database is
made.

Self-Evaluation CHECKLIST

PM PUBLISHERS PVT. LTD.After reading the chapter, I know these points:

PMP$ I know that a query is a question represented in a way that Base can understand.
Agree$ I know that there are mainly three types of queries: Simple query, Unmatched
Disagree
query and Duplicate query.
$ I know that after creating a query, we need to run it for producing the result.
$ I know that Criteria are conditions that identify the records we want to find.
$ I know that a report presents the data in an organized manner.
$ I know that the top portion of the report is called Page Header.

Exercises

A. Tick [ü] the correct answer.

1. A question represented in a way that Base can understand is called a ...................... .

a. Form b. Query c. Datasheet

2. ……........… query is used to find the records from one table that do not have corresponding
values in the second table.

a. Unmatched b. Simple c. Duplicate

3. While sorting more than one field, the more important field is called .......................... .

a. Minor key b. Enter key c. Major key

4. A database object for displaying data from a table in an appealing way is known as ........... .

a. Report b. Query c. Datasheet

5. The tables or queries that provide the underlying data are also known as ..........................
of the report.

a. Page Header b. Detail Lines c. Record Source

B. Write ‘T’ for True and F’ for False statements.

1. In LibreOffice Base there are mainly four types of queries.

2. You cannot remove the table from the query once it is added.

3. You can sort data in a specified sequence— alphabetically, numerically, or by data.

4. F5 key is the shortcut key used to run the query.

5. Page header provides the data for creating reports.

C. Fill in the blanks.

1. Run Query button is present on .............................. toolbar.

2. The conditions that identify the records you want to find are called ............................. .

3. The field on which the records are sorted is called the ............................. .

4. The lines that are printed for each record are called ............................. in Report.

56 5. ............................. is used to create a professionally designed report that summarizes the
data from your database.

D. Define the following terms.

1. Simple Query: ...........................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................

2. Unmatched Query: ................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................

3. Duplicate Query: ....................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................

E. Differentiate between the following.

1. Running a Query Saving a Query

.............................................................. .................................................................

.............................................................. .................................................................

.............................................................. .................................................................

2. Major Key Minor Key

.............................................................. .................................................................

.............................................................. .................................................................

.............................................................. .................................................................

F. Answer in 1-2 sentences.

PMP1. What do you understand by query?

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

2. What do you mean by Criteria?

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

3. Why do we need sorting in a Query?

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

4. What do you mean by report?

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

G. Answer Briefly.

1. By which criteria we will apply query on our table? IT PLANET - 8 (UBUNTU 18.04)

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

2. Name the components of Reports and define any one of them.

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

H. Application Based Question.

The librarian of Sonu’s school has asked him to make a database table in Base so that he could
quickly enter the records of books which are taken by the students to their homes and then
submitted after a few days. Make a list of fields you would like to add to your table.

.......................................................................................................................................................... 57
..........................................................................................................................................................

Activity Section

Lab Activity

Create a table ‘Employee’ in Design View and enter the following data.

Field name Data type Description

Emp. No. Numeric Employee's identification number

Emp. Name VARCHAR Employee's name

Designation VARCHAR Designation of the employee

Pay-Scale Numeric Pay scale of the employee

a. Select ‘Emp. No.’ as the Primary key and save the table structure.

b. Create a Form for the table and enter the data as given below.

Emp. No. Emp. Name Designation Pay-Scale

101 Mr Harish Manager 60,000

102 Mr Praveen Sr. Executive 50,000

103 Mr Kamal Tech. head 75,000

104 Mr Gopal Production Manager 60,000

105 Mr Aman Designer 40,000
PM PUBLISHERS PVT. LTD.
106 Mr Rajesh Sales Manager 50,000
PMP
c. Click on the Query icon in Database section and then click on Create Query in Design View.

d. Click on the table name ‘Employee’ and click on Add button.

e. Click on Close button.

f. In the Query Design view, click and drag the fields to the ‘fields’ row in the bottom half
portion of the window.

g. Run the query and save the query as ‘Query 1’.

h. Close the window.

Technology Trailblazers

Edgar Frank Codd

? Created: Relational Database Design

Edgar Frank (E. F.) Codd created relational database design which is the
structure for most of the small and large databases used today.
After attending college in England and serving in the Royal Air Force, he
began working at IBM as a programming mathematician. He developed and
promoted his relational model in a series of research papers beginning with
his 1969 IBM report, “Derivability, Redundancy, and Consistency of Relations
Stored in Large Data Banks.”
As a result of his research, IBM introduced the first version of Structured
58 Query Language (SQL) in 1982.

5 Inkscape - Vector Designing

Topics Covered

•Introduction to Inkscape •Drawing Shapes •Working with Objects •Defining Outlines •Selecting Fill
Colors •Zooming In and Out •Working with Curves •Creating Artistic and Paragraph Text •Project: Wi-Fi
signal in a tablet •Saving the Project

Introduction to Inkscape

Inkscape is an open source drawing tool for creating and editing vector graphics
which includes creating professional artwork like logos and technical illustrations.

Like other drawing programs (CorelDraw and Illustrator), Inkscape offers creation
of basic shapes such as ellipses, rectangles, stars, polygons and spirals, as well as
the ability to transform and manipulate these basic shapes using rotation,
stretching and skewing method.

Inkscape offers the tools you need to create accurate and professional looking page layouts. It is
used in advertising, printing, publishing, sign making or manufacturing.
PMP
STARTING INKSCAPE

Like any other program, you can start Inkscape using the Show Applications button.

1. Click on Show Applications button. Activities window will appear.
2. Type Inkscape in the Search bar.
3. Click on Inkscape icon. Inkscape appears in front of you.

INKSCAPE INTERFACE

When you open Inkscape, you will see several areas which you need to identify in order to

work on it.

Menu Bar Title Bar

Tools Commands IT PLANET - 8 (UBUNTU 18.04)
Control Bar Bar

Ruler

Canvas

Tool Document
Box Page

Color Palette 59

Status Bar

Title Bar: It is at the top of the screen. It displays the name of the document at center and
window control buttons on the right.

Menu Bar: It contains drop-down menus of related commands.

Commands Bar: It contains customized tools such as Open, New, Save, and Print.

Tool Box: The toolbox contains a range of tools that you can use for specific drawing and
editing tasks.

Tools Control Bar: It is an area that displays options that change according to the active tool.

Ruler: Horizontal and vertical rulers let you determine the size and position of objects in a
document.

Color Palette: Color Palette is a bar that contains color swatches. Swatches is a quick way to
apply color on shapes. It is displayed at the bottom of the Canvas.

Status Bar: Status Bar is located at the bottom of Inkscape interface. It includes (from left to
right) color indicator for the object, layer selector, help message area, mouse coordinate
indicator and finally, the current zoom level.

Canvas: It is the workspace area that is bordered by scroll bars and rulers. It includes the
document page and surrounding area.

Document Page: It is the rectangular area that represents the printable section of the
document window.

TOOLBOX

The Toolbox, consisting of vertically aligned buttons located on the left of the window. It
contains tools for selecting, creating and editing objects. You can select a tool by clicking on an
icon. After clicking on the icon, the mouse pointer changes its shape depending on the shape
selected and Tools Control bar display options depending on the Shape selected.
PM PUBLISHERS PVT. LTD.
Edit Path by nodes (F2) Select and transform objects (F1)
PMP Zoom in or out (F3) Tweak objects by Sculpting or Painting (Shift + F2)
Measurement tool (M)
Create Rectangles and Squares (F4) Create 3D boxes (Shift + F4)
Create Circles, ellipses and arcs (F5) Stars and Polygons (*)
Draw Freehand lines (F6)
Spirals (F9) Calligraphic or brush strokes (Ctrl + F6)
Draw Bezier curves and straight lines (Shift + F6) Spray objects by sculpting or painting (Shift + F3)
Fill bounded area (Shift + F7)
Create and edit text objects (F8)
Erase existing paths (Shift + E)

Create and edit gradients (Ctrl + F1)

CREATING A NEW DOCUMENT

You can create a new document in Inkscape, anytime you want, to create a new design.
Creating the new document is just like opening your notebook and start writing on a fresh,
new piece of paper. You can create the new document by clicking on File menu and then click
60 on New. When you create the new document, a new Inkscape window will be opened.

Drawing Shapes

Inkscape lets you create ellipses (including circles), rectangles (including squares), polygons,
stars and some basic shapes with the different shape tools.

CREATING A RECTANGLE

2 1. Click on Rectangle tool in the
1 toolbox. The mouse pointer changes
to a crosshair with a small rectangle
3 beneath it.

CREATING A SQUARE 2. Click anywhere in the drawing area
and drag the mouse pointer.
2
1 3. Release the mouse button where
you like to end the rectangle.

1. Click on Rectangle tool in the
toolbox.

2. Click anywhere in the drawing area
and hold down the Ctrl key while
dragging the mouse pointer.

3. Release the mouse button where
you like to end the square.
PMP
3

CREATING A ROUNDED RECTANGLE/SQUARE

You can optionally round the corners of a rectangle or a square after drawing. Corners can be
slightly rounded to create a softening effect or very rounded, almost changing the rectangle
into a circle.

After you create a square or a rectangle, three handles appear on the shape. Two handles are
the Resize handles, which are used to change the size of the shape. The other handle is called
Corner shape handle, which is used to round the corner of the shape.

Resize handle 2 Corner shape handle 1. Click on Rectangle/Square tool. IT PLANET - 8 (UBUNTU 18.04)
3
1 2. Select the square you wish to round.
Three handles appear around the
square.

3. Place your mouse pointer on the
Corner shape handle at the top-
right corner of the square.

Resize handle

4. Click and drag the handle down
4 according to the size you want.

All corners of square will become round.

61

CREATING AN ELLIPSE 1. Click on Ellipse tool in the
toolbox.
2
2. Click anywhere in the drawing
1 area and drag the mouse pointer.

CREATING A CIRCLE 3. Release the mouse button where
you like to end the ellipse.
2
3

1 1. Click on Ellipse tool in the
toolbox.
3
2. Click anywhere in the drawing
CREATING AN ARC OR A PIE SHAPE area and hold down the Ctrl key
while dragging the mouse pointer.
After creating an ellipse, you can change it into
an arc or pie shape. When you click on an ellipse or 3. Release the mouse button where
a circle, three handles appear. Two handles are Resize you like to end the circle.
handles, which are used to change the size of the
shape, and the other handle is Arc handle, which is
used to convert the circle into arc.
PM PUBLISHERS PVT. LTD. Starting angle Ellipse
Pie Arc
PMP
Resize handle Ending angle

1 Resize handle 3 Tools Control Bar

Arc handle 1. Click on Ellipse tool in the toolbox.
2. Select the circle you wish to change
4
as arc or pie. Three handles appear
around the circle.
3. Place your mouse pointer on the
Arc handle at the right corner of
the circle.
4. Click and drag the handle up or
down according to the size of pie
you want.

Now to change the pie into an arc
shape, click the arc icon on the Tools
Control Bar. The pie becomes an arc.

Pie Arc

62

DRAWING A LINE WITH FREEHAND TOOL

Freehand tool is a very basic tool to draw lines. It is used to draw freehand and straight lines,
and you can also make drawing from these lines.

To create a freehand line:

1. Click on Freehand tool from the
toolbox.

2. Click and drag anywhere in the
2 drawing page to draw a
1 freehand line.

2 To create a straight line:
1. Click on Freehand tool from the toolbox.
3 2. Click anywhere in the drawing page to draw a straight line.
4 3. Drag your mouse to the position where you would like to end your line

5 and click again.
5 To draw a straight, horizontal or vertical line, hold the Ctrl key on your
keyboard while drawing a line. Your cursor will act as if it is magnetized. It
6 will ‘stick’ to a straight line.

To create a drawing from lines:
1. Select the Freehand tool in the toolbox.
2. Click in the Drawing area.
3. Double-click on another spot in the drawing area to create the first node

for the object.
4. Double-click at the next node in the object.
5. Keep creating new nodes as needed.
6. Click once (instead of double-click) to create your last node.
PMP
Working with Objects

After creating the objects or shapes, you need to work with them.

SELECTING OBJECTS IT PLANET - 8 (UBUNTU 18.04)

You can select these objects with mouse or keyboard. To select any object, place your mouse
pointer on that object and click on it. You can select more than one object, at a time, with the
Select tool. You can select multiple objects with the Select tool in different ways:

a. Hold down the Shift key while you click with the Select tool to select more than one object. You
can select as many objects as you have, in your Drawing window. You can even deselect objects
that have been selected by holding down the Shift key and clicking on them.

b. You can also select more than one object by using the Select tool to draw a marquee (rectangle)

around more than one object. Only those objects will be selected that are completely encompassed

by the marquee. To draw a marquee, follow the steps:
2

1. Click on Select tool.

2. Click on the upper left corner of first object using Select tool. 63

3 3. Drag to the last object you want to select. All the objects will be selected.

RESIZING SHAPES OF OBJECTS

You can resize the shape, to make it larger or smaller than the original one, by dragging the
arrow handles.

1. Select the object to be resized with the Select tool. Eight arrow handles [ ] appear around the
object. Place your mouse pointer over the handle.

2. Click and drag the handle to resize the shape of the object.

If you drag a corner handle, you maintain the proportion between height and width as you resize
your object; if you drag from a side or top handle, you will change not only the size but also the
shape of the object.

Resized using the Resized using the
corner handle side handle

Original

MOVING AN OBJECT

Inkscape provides a convenient way to reposition
the objects.
PM PUBLISHERS PVT. LTD.
To move an object by dragging:
PMP
1. Click on Select tool.

2. Click anywhere within the object and drag it to its
new location.

ROTATING OBJECTS

You can rotate any object in the Inkscape by following these steps.

12 1. Select the object using the
3 Select tool.

2. Click on the object again.

The handles will change from
small black arrows to curved
arrows.

3. Click and drag the rotation
arrows in clockwise or
anticlockwise direction, to
rotate the selected object.

4. Release the mouse button.
4 The object will be rotated.

64

Defining Outlines (Strokes)

Inkscape provides many outline styles, such as thick and thin, dashed and dotted. You can see
the figures shown below with different outlines. Each outline gives the figure a different look,
and the outlined figures combine for their own composite effect.

CREATING AN OUTLINE (STROKE)

You can assign outline styles in Inkscape by using Fill and Stroke pane.

3 1. Draw a line.

41 2 2. Select the line with the
Select tool.
PMP
3. Click on the Object menu.

4. Click on Fill and Stroke.

The Fill and Stroke pane will
appear.

5 9 5. Click on Stroke style tab.

6 6. Type the line’s width in the Width box.

7 7. You can also set the style for the line or selected object by
clicking on the down arrow of the Dashes list box.

8 A wide variety of line styles will appear. Scroll down the list and
choose the line style of your choice by clicking on it.

You can also assign arrows to the beginning or end of a line.

8. To assign an arrow to the line, click on the down arrow on the IT PLANET - 8 (UBUNTU 18.04)
Markers box. A variety of arrow shapes will appear; choose
the arrow by clicking on it.

9. Click on Close to close the dialog box.

The Outline (Stroke) width
and arrow will be assigned
to the selected line.

65

You can change the appearance of Joins (corner shapes) of lines and curves. To set an object
corner shape, follow these steps:

1. Select the object with the Select tool.
3

2. Open the Fill and Stroke dialog box by clicking on Object
menu and then Fill and Stroke.

3. Click on Stroke style tab.
4 4. Enable one of the following Join Style buttons:

— Miter Join
— Round Join
— Bevel Join

The Join style will be applied to the selected object.

You can change the appearance of Caps of lines and curves. To set an object caps shape,
follow these steps:

1. Select the object with the Select tool.
3 2. Open the Fill and Stroke dialog box.

3. Click on Stroke style tab.
4. Enable one of the following Cap Style buttons:

— Butt Cap
4 — Round Cap

— Square Cap

The Cap style will be applied to the selected object.
PM PUBLISHERS PVT. LTD.

PMP
Selecting Fill Colors To fill color in an object:

You can fill the color in any shape by following these steps. 1. Select the object using the
Select tool.
1
2. Click on any color in the Color
Palette.

66 2 The selected color will be applied
to the object.

COLOR FILLSPMP

Inkscape enables you to assign some basic types of fills to any selected closed object. IT PLANET - 8 (UBUNTU 18.04)

1. Select the object using the Select tool.

2. Open the Fill and Stroke pane by clicking on Object menu and then Fill and Stroke.

3. Click on Fill tab. You have the following features under the Fill option.

Flat Color

3 A flat or solid color paints the object or stroke. In both Fill and
Stroke Paint tabs, there are sub-tabs whereby color selections can
be made either precisely (with the numeric and alpha-numeric
controls) or more generally (with wheels and sliders).

Each selector type also shows an RGBA definition box at the bottom-
right, in which one may define a specific hexadecimal color.

$ RGB offers four sliders representing percentages of red, green,
blue and alpha.

$ HSL offers four sliders representing percentages of hue,
saturation, lightness and alpha.

$ CMYK offers five sliders representing percentages of cyan,
magenta, yellow, black and alpha.

$ Wheel offers a convenient selection consisting of a hue wheel
and a combination saturation/lightness triangle, underneath
which is an alpha slider.

$ CMS allows selection of a color profile and offers an alpha slider
underneath (only available in some distributions).

Fills

$ No Paint: Removes all the fills from the object.

$ Flat Color: Single color fills, although that color can be applied.

$ Linear Gradient: Fills that fade from one color to another are
also referred to as gradient fills. A linear gradient causes two or
more colors to flow into each other smoothly, letting you add
depth and color to your drawing.

$ Radial Gradient: This panel works the same as linear gradient
except that the gradient is applied radially.

$ Pattern Fills: These are fills made from bitmap or vector files.
Inkscape includes a set of patterns accessible through the Fill
and Stroke dialog box. It is used to create special, even
spectacular effects.

$ Swatch: Swatches allow per document palettes with swatches of
solid colors and gradients.

No Paint Flat Color Linear Gradient Radial Gradient Pattern Fills

Blur: Blur is a filter effect that can be applied on the filled object.

Opacity: It sets the degree to which objects behind the affected object may be seen through it. 67

CHANGING OUTLINE COLOR OF AN OBJECT

You can change the appearance of outlines by giving them a beautiful color. You can change
outline color either by Fill and Stroke pane or Color Palette.

Changing Outline Color from the Fill and Stroke Pane

3 1. Select the object or shape
4 with the Select tool.

Changing Outline Color from the Color Palette 2. Open the Fill and Stroke pane
by clicking on Object menu
and then Fill and Stroke.

3. Click on Stroke paint tab.

A list of colors will be shown.

4. Select any color you want to
apply for the outline of the
selected object.

The outline color of the
selected object will be
changed.
PM PUBLISHERS PVT. LTD.
3 1. Select the object using the
PMP2 Select tool.

2. Right-click on any color in the
Color Palette. A pop-up menu
will appear.

3. Click on Set stroke.

The outline color of the selected object will change to the selected color.
Stroke color also appears in the Status bar.

Zooming In and Out

You can zoom in for a more detailed view or zoom out for a broader view. You will find zoom
controls on the Tools Control Bar. You can zoom to any level of magnification. Zooming does
not affect your drawing.

ZOOM IN

1. Click on the Zoom tool from the Toolbox.
2. Click and drag diagonally in the drawing window to create a marquee box around the area you want

to magnify.
OR
You can click on the object. Inkscape increases the magnification of the object.

ZOOM OUT

1. Click on the Zoom tool from the Toolbox.
2. Press the Shift key from the keyboard and click on the drawing window. Inkscape decreases the

magnification.
68

Working with Curves

Sometimes, you will find it difficult to draw complex designs with your mouse. You can use
freehand curves to draw a design on your screen in Inkscape.

DRAWING FREEHAND CURVES

Making freehand curves is very easy. You simply need to click on the Draw Freehand line tool,
and then click and draw on the drawing area.

2 1. Click on Draw Freehand line
3 tool.

1 2. Click on Create regular Bezier
path icon from Tools Control bar.

3. Position the cursor where you
want the curve to start, and
click.

4. Drag the mouse to draw the
curve.

5. Release the mouse button
where you like to end the curve.

The curve will be drawn.
PMP 5

EDITING NODES IN FREEHAND CURVE

NODE: A node is a small square on a line, curve or object outline which is used to edit the
object. When you select a curved object with the Edit paths by nodes tool, Inkscape displays
all the object nodes. You can shape a curved object by moving a node or by moving the
control points attached to a node.

SEGMENT: A segment is a part of a curve lying between two nodes. Segments are of two
types: curved or straight. You can bend a curved segment by dragging it with the Edit paths
by nodes tool or by dragging the control points of the nodes on either end of it.

Selecting Nodes on a Curved Object 1. Click on the Edit paths by IT PLANET - 8 (UBUNTU 18.04)
nodes tool in the Toolbar.
12
3 2. Select the Curved object
with the Edit paths by
3 nodes tool.

3. Hold down the Shift key
and click on the nodes to
select them.

69

Inserting Nodes

You can insert nodes to a curved object if you want more nodes to create the curve.

1. Click on the Edit paths by nodes tool.
2. Double-click on the curve where you want
1 to insert the node.
OR
2 Using Edit paths by nodes tool, select the

segment between which you want to insert
node.
Click on the Insert new Nodes button (+)
on the Tools Control bar.

Deleting Nodes

1. Click on the Edit paths by nodes tool.

2. Double-click on the Node you want to
1 delete.

2 OR
Using Edit paths by nodes tool, select the
node which you want to remove.

Click on the Delete selected node(s)
button (–) on the Tools Control bar.
PM PUBLISHERS PVT. LTD.

PMP
Joining Nodes

You can close the open path by joining its two end nodes.

13 1. Click on the Edit paths by nodes tool.
2 2. Select the Nodes you want to join.
3. Click on the Join selected nodes

button on the Tools Control bar.
Both the selected nodes will join.

Making a Segment Straight 1. Select the Curved object with the Edit
paths by nodes tool.
13
2. Click on the Segment you want to
70 change.
2
3. Click on the Make selected segments
lines button on Tools Control bar to
make the segment straight.

Making a Segment Curved 1. Select the Curved object with the Edit
paths by nodes tool.
13
2. Click the Segment you want to
2 change.

3. Click the Make selected segments
curves button on Tools Control bar to
make the segment curved.

You can change the shape of the
object by dragging the curved
segment.

PMP
Creating Artistic and Paragraph Text

Inkscape provides control over the look and shape of text like any other Text Editor. You can
edit, format, resize or reshape text according to your need.

Inkscape defines text in two ways: paragraph text and artistic text. Paragraph text is better
suited for editing long blocks of text whereas Artistic text offers you more freedom to assign
artistic effects to letters.

CREATING ARTISTIC TEXT 1. Click on Text tool from the IT PLANET - 8 (UBUNTU 18.04)
toolbox.
3
2 The Tools Control bar becomes
the Editing Text Control Bar.
1
2. Click in the drawing area
where you like to write and
start typing.

3. After you finish typing text,
click on the Select tool.
When you click on the Select
tool, your new text will be
surrounded with eight small
black arrow handles.

71

Changing Font of Artistic Text

You can change text font for an entire selected text object or you can format only certain
characters in an artistic text object.

1. Select a text object using the
4 Select tool.

2. Click on the Text tool in the
5 toolbox.

3 3. Drag the mouse pointer to
select part or all of your text,

to apply formatting.

4. Click on the Font Style List.

5. Select a new font of your
choice.

Changing Font Size

You can increase or decrease the size of the text in your document. Increase the size to make
the text easier to read; decrease the size to fit more text on a page.

1. Select a text object using the
4 Select tool.
PM PUBLISHERS PVT. LTD.
2. Click on the Text tool in the
PMP toolbox.

3. Drag the mouse pointer to
select part or all of your text,

3 to apply formatting.

4. Click on the Font Size List.

25 5. Click on the Font Size which
you think is suitable for your
text.

CREATING PARAGRAPH TEXT

Paragraph text feature of Inkscape provides you all the power of a modern word processor
such as LibreOffice Writer. It has a Check spelling feature that allows you to correct the
misspelt words. Apart from all this, we can give suitable shape to our text.

1 1. Click on the Text tool.
72
2 2. In the drawing window, drag the mouse to
create a rectangle or text frame.

3. Type the text in that rectangle.

Text automatically wraps to the next line when
3 you reach the end of a line. You need to press the

Enter key only when you want to start a new
paragraph.

4. After you have finished typing, click on the
Select tool to select the text frame.

Project: Wi-Fi signal in a tablet

Start

Wi-Fi

PMP
In this project, you will create a wi-fi logo and a tablet by using different tools of Inkscape.

CREATING A TABLET 1. Click on Rectangle tool in the
toolbox.
2
2. Click anywhere in the drawing
1 area and drag the mouse
pointer.
IT PLANET - 8 (UBUNTU 18.04)
3. Release the mouse button
where you like to end the
rectangle.

68 3
7
4. Select the Rectangle with the Select tool (not shown).
5. Open the Fill and Stroke pane by clicking on Object menu then 73

Fill and Stroke (not shown). You can also press Shift + Ctrl + F
keys.
6. Click on Stroke style tab.
7. Type the line’s width in the Width box.
8. Click on Close to close the dialog box.

Round the Corners 3 1. Click on Rectangle/Square tool.
4 2. Select the object you wish to
2
1 round. Three handles appear
around the rectangle.
Copy, Paste and Resize 3. Place your mouse pointer on the
Corner shape handle at the top-
12 1 right corner of square.
4. Click and drag the handle down
3 according to the size you want.
All corners of square will become
PM PUBLISHERS PVT. LTD.4 round.

PMP 1. Select the object with the Select
5 tool. Eight arrow handles [ ]
appear around the object.
Create one more Rectangle
2. Click on Edit menu.
2 3. Click on Copy.
1 It will copy the selected object.
4. Click on Paste in Place.
74 3 It will paste the copied object on the
same place.

5. Press the Shift key and drag the
handles [ ] to resize the shape
of the object according to you.

The copied shape appears in
different size.

1. Click on Rectangle tool in the
toolbox.

2. Click anywhere in the drawing
area and drag the mouse
pointer.

3. Release the mouse button
where you like to end the
rectangle.

Create Circles 1. Click on Ellipse tool in the
toolbox.
1
2. Click in the drawing area, where
2 you want the circle to appear,
3 and hold down the Ctrl key
while dragging the mouse
4 pointer.

Draw Straight LinesPMP 3 3. Release the mouse button
where you like to end the circle.
2
1 4. Repeat steps 1 - 3 to create one
more circle.
4 IT PLANET - 8 (UBUNTU 18.04)
1. Click on Freehand tool from the
toolbox.

2. Click in the place in the drawing
page to draw a straight line.

3. Hold the Ctrl key and drag your
mouse to the position where
you would like to end your line
and click again.

4. Repeat steps 1 - 3 to create two
more straight lines of different
sizes.

75

Making a Segment Curved 1. Select the line with the Edit
paths by nodes tool.
13
2 2. Click on the Segment you want
to change.
4
3. Click the Make selected
segments curves button on Tools
Control bar to make the segment
curved.

4. Drag the curved segment to
change the shape of the object.

PM PUBLISHERS PVT. LTD. 5. Repeat steps 1 - 4 to change the
shape of two more lines.
PMP
5

Changing Line Thickness (Stroke)

2 3 1. Select the curved line with the
1 4 Select tool.

5 2. Open the Fill and Stroke pane by
clicking on Object menu then Fill
7 and Stroke.
6
76 3. Click on Stroke style tab.

4. Type the curved line’s width in
the Width box.

5. Click on the Round Cap Style
button.

The curved line appears in new
thickness and with rounded
corners.

6. Repeat steps 1 - 5 to change the
thickness and add Round Cap for
two more curved lines.

7. Click on Close to close the Fill
and Stroke pane.

Type Artistic Text 1. Click on Text tool from the
toolbox.
45
2. Click in the drawing area where
2 you like to write in your text and
start typing.
1
3 3. Drag the mouse pointer to select
your text.
Fill Color
4. Click on the Font Style List and
1 select a new font.

2PMP 5. Click on the Font Size List and
select the Font Size which you
Fill Outline or Stroke Color think is suitable for your text.

1 1. Select the objects using the
Select tool.
3 IT PLANET - 8 (UBUNTU 18.04)
2 2. Click on any color in the Color
Palette.

The selected color applies to the
objects.

1. Select the object using the
Select tool.

2. Right-click on any color in the
Color Palette. A pop-up menu
will appear.

3. Click on Set stroke.
The selected color applies to the
outline or stroke.

Fill the remaining color as per the
project and after filling the colors,
your project will compete.

Finish 77

Saving the Project

It is always a good practice to save your work. By default, Inkscape files are saved as SVG files.
This SVG format allows you to edit files in future. But there are a number of other formats in
which you can save the file. This will help you sharing files with others.

Inkscape files can be saved as SVG, SVGZ, PDF, PostScript/EPS/EPSi, Adobe Illustrator (*.ai),
LaTex (*.tex), POVRay (*.pov), HPGL, .HTML and others.

If you work in web design, you can use the SVG files directly in the HTML/XML code.

1 1. Click on File menu.
2
2. Click on Save.

The Select File to Save to
dialog box will appear.

PM PUBLISHERS PVT. LTD.54 3. Navigate a folder in which you want
3 to save the image file.
PMP
4. Click the arrow button and select the
Inkscape file format, e.g., SVG. But
there are a number of other formats
to choose from in this menu.

5. Name the image file.

Inkscape automatically assigns .svg
extension.

6. Click on Save.

4 Inkscape saves the image file.

6

78

Self-Evaluation CHECKLIST

PMPAfter reading the chapter, I know these points:
Agree
Disagree$ I know that Inkscape is an open source drawing tool for creating and editing graphics.

$ I know that Inkscape has different shape tools that we can use to create ellipses,
rectangles, polygons, stars, and some basic shapes.

$ I know that Inkscape provides many outline styles such as thick and thin, dashed and
dotted.

$ I know that a node is a small square on a line, curve or object outline which is used
to edit the object.

$ I know that a segment is a part of a curve lying between two nodes, either curved or
straight.

$ I know that Paragraph text and Artistic text are two ways to write text in Inkscape.

Exercises

A. Tick [ü] the correct answer.

1. The ..................................... software is used for designing vector images.

a. Inkscape b. LO-Writer c. GIMP

2. The ..................................... tool lets you change the shape of an existing object.

a. Zoom b. Edit Path Tool c. Select Tool

3. The ..................................... tool lets you draw straight lines and curves.

a. Freehand Tool b. Text Tool c. Star Tool

4. The ..................................... dialog box is used to change the style of line stroke.

a. Fill and Stroke b. Fill and Line c. Put on Path

5. ............................... is a small square on a line, curve or object outline.

a. Segment b. Object c. Node

B. Write ‘T’ for True and ‘F’ for False statements. IT PLANET - 8 (UBUNTU 18.04)

1. In Inkspace, you can create professional artwork like logos and technical illustrations.

2. Canvas is the workspace area that is bordered by scroll bars and rulers.

3. After you create a square or a rectangle, four handles appear around the shape.

4. Inkscape provides a convenient way to reposition the objects.

5. Paragraph text offers you more freedom to assign artistic effects to letters.

C. Fill in the blanks.

1. In Color Palette, ......................... is a quick way to apply color on shapes.

2. .................................... tool is used to draw a circle.

3. A .......................... fill causes two or more colors to flow into each other smoothly.

4. A ............................... is a part of the curve lying between two nodes.

5. ......................... and ....................... are two ways to define the text in Inkscape. 79

D. Define the following.

1. Blur: ............................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................................

2. Opacity: .......................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................................

3. Node: ..........................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................................

4. Segment: ....................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................................

E. Differentiate between the following.

1. Canvas Document Page

................................................................. .................................................................

................................................................ .................................................................

................................................................ .................................................................

2. Artistic Text Paragraph Text

................................................................. .................................................................

................................................................ .................................................................

................................................................ .................................................................

PM PUBLISHERS PVT. LTD.F. Answer in 1-2 sentences.

PMP1. Name the components of Inkscape interface.

.....................................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................................

2. Name the various drawing shapes you can draw in Inkscape interface.

.....................................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................................

3. What is outlining?

.....................................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................................

G. Answer Briefly.

1. What do you mean by Inkscape? Define its uses.

.....................................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................................

2. How can you resize the shape of an object?

.....................................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................................

3. How can you select an object in Inkscape?

.....................................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................................

H. Application Based Question.

Akriti wants to create a picture of the rising sun. She knows that she can do it by using the
gradient fill tool. But she is not sure which gradient tool—linear gradient or radial gradient
80 tool—will be suitable. Can you help her?

..........................................................................................................................................................

Activity Section

Lab Activity

Draw the following vector image in Inkscape by using different tools.

Renewable Energy

PMP
Discover More

Popular Vector Designing Software

CorelDraw IT PLANET - 8 (UBUNTU 18.04)

CorelDraw is a vector graphics editor developed and 81
marketed by Corel Corporation. It includes many features for
users to edit graphics. These features include contrast
adjustment, color balancing, adding special effects like borders
to images, and it is capable of working with multiple pages.

CorelDraw was originally released in January of 1989, it ran on
the Windows 3.x operating system. CorelDRAW is primarily
designed for the Windows operating system.

Adobe Illustrator (AI)

Adobe Illustrator or Illustrator is a vector graphics editing
program developed and marketed by Adobe Inc.. It is useful
for designing logos, clip art, blueprints, and other precise,
resolution-independent illustrations. Illustrator was first
released in 1987 for the Apple Macintosh; today it also runs
on Microsoft Windows.

6 Cloud Computing

Topics Covered

•Introduction •Cloud Computing •Google Docs •Google Drive

Introduction

Just think, what all things do you need if you want to setup an IT company. First, you need an
office space, hardware like computers and servers, and software to run the hardware. Then
you need round-the-clock electricity for power and cooling system, and IT experts for
managing the infrastructure. All of these require a lot of capital expense.
If your work increases, you need more space, more computers & servers, more software, more
cooling system and more IT experts. Again lot of capital expense. If your work decreases and
you need to shut down your business, all this infrastructure will be of no use.
You eliminate these headaches by using cloud computing.

PM PUBLISHERS PVT. LTD.Cloud Computing

PMP
Cloud computing is a technology that provides resources and services over the Internet.
Resources include email messages, schedules, music, photos, videos, games, websites,
programs, web apps, servers, storage, and more. Services include accessing software and
storing files online. Instead of accessing these resources and services locally on your computer,
you access them on the cloud. For example, some users choose cloud storage instead of
storing data locally on a hard drive or other media. Cloud Storage is an Internet service that
provides storage facility to computer users.

Some of these resources and services are free, and some are paid. If you are using paid
service then you pay only for the service that you actually use. As a result, you need not make
large investments in equipment or the staff to support it.

People are choosing cloud computing for a variety of emails contacts
reasons: agpaspmeservsbsetaordcsrkoaucgupemsmeupnswrtiocegbrsaitmess

Accessibility: Data and applications are available
worldwide from any computer or
device with an Internet connection.

Cost Savings: The expense of software and high-end
hardware shifts away from the user.

Space Savings: Floor space required for servers and
other hardware shifts away from the
user.

Scalability: Provides the flexibility to increase or With cloud computing, users can access files
82 decrease computing requirements as and use applications from any device that
needed. can access the Internet.

ADVANTAGES OF CLOUD COMPUTING

There are many advantages of cloud computing:

! It is probably the most cost-efficient method to use, maintain and upgrade. It eliminates the
capital expense of buying hardware and software and other infrastructure.

! It allows users to get large storage capacity for storing information.

! It allows users to access files on the Internet from any computer that has Internet access.

! Users can allow others to access their files on the Internet so that others can listen to an
audio file, watch a video clip, or view a photo instead of sending the file to them via an
email message.

! It makes data backup easier and less expensive.

! It allows users to view time-critical data and images immediately while away from the main
office or location; for example, doctors can view X-ray images from another hospital, home,
office or while on vacation.

! It provides up-to-date versions of software, as well as upgrades to servers and computer
processing power.

SERVICE PROVIDER

Cloud Computing is an Internet technology that provides services to computer users. There are
service providers that provide various types of services for free or charge a fee.

Many organizations like Amazon Web Services (AWS), Google Cloud Platform, and Microsoft
Azure have started implementing cloud services like storage, network, hardware, and software.
PMP
If a user doesn't have storage on a personal computer, storage on the cloud can be utilized. The
same type of service is provided by Flickr.com, which can be used to upload images on Flickr's IT PLANET - 8 (UBUNTU 18.04)
server. The service can be used on a desktop, but the Internet is required when images are to
be processed on the desktop. Google Docs is used to create documents online. Google Drive is
used to store your work online. These types of services are available on the cloud.

CHARACTERISTICS OF CLOUD COMPUTING 83

Using cloud computing, an organization can run its applications on a shared data center. To use
an application that runs on the cloud, all that needs to be done is to login with a username and
a password, customize it, and start using it. That's the power of cloud computing.

ON DEMAND SELF SERVICE: Users are able to get the cloud computing resources for almost
any type of workload on demand and without requiring human interaction, mostly done
through a web-based self-service portal. This eliminates the traditional need of IT experts to
manage these resources. With a cloud app, you just open a browser, log in, and start working.

PM PUBLISHERS PVT. LTD.ELASTICITY: Suppose, you have an e-commerce business and you are running your business
with four servers. At the time of Diwali sale, which comes once in a year for a month, your
PMP demand increases. You need three more servers to cater your needs. If you purchase three
more servers, what will happen after the sale? You need to lock your servers for next year
sale. This is a major blockage of large investment. With cloud computing, companies can scale
up the resources as computing need increases and scale down the resources as computing
need decreases. This eliminates the need of large investments in the infrastructure, which may
or may not remain active.

PAY PER USE: In the cloud computing, your computer resources are measured, and you only
pay for the resources and workloads you use.

RESOURCE POOLING: Resource pooling allows cloud providers to pool large-scale IT resources
to serve multiple cloud consumers. The cloud enables many users to enter and use data within
the particular software hosted in the cloud at the same time, from any location, and at any
time. This is an attractive feature for multiple business offices and sales teams that are usually
outside the office.

TYPES OF CLOUD

PRIVATE CLOUD: A private cloud is a proprietary architecture subscribed by an organization. It
provides hosted services to the users within the organization. This is protected by a security to
form a barrier against the outside world and to access hosted services from the private cloud.

PUBLIC CLOUD: A public cloud is not proprietary of any organization. The services provided in
these clouds can be accessed by any organization or individual.

HYBRID CLOUD: In a hybrid cloud, the services are offered to a limited and well-defined number
of users. The hybrid cloud allows the Internet to be used as a desktop. It is a combination of
private and public cloud.

COMMUNITY CLOUD: In community cloud, the services are offered to a group of organizations
and community with common interests.

SERVICES OF CLOUD COMPUTING

Cloud computing services are based on a “pay as you go” model. Consumers and organizations
rely on cloud computing services to manage IT infrastructure (infrastructure as a service),
provide software applications (software as a service), and create, test, and deploy applications
using web-based development tools (platform as a service).

INFRASTRUCTURE AS A SERVICE (IaaS): IaaS provides IT infrastructure like servers, storage,
networks operating systems over the Internet on pay as you go basis. It is the most flexible
cloud computing model and allows companies to scale storage, processing power, or bandwidth,
up or down as needed. For example, retailers may need to increase these capabilities to
accommodate additional traffic to their websites during holiday shopping seasons. When the
season ends, retailers can easily reduce these settings.

SOFTWARE AS A SERVICE (SaaS): SaaS is a method for delivering software applications over the
Internet, on demand and typically, on a subscription basis. Users connect to the application over
the Internet, usually through a web browser on their phone, tablet or PC.

PLATFORM AS A SERVICE (PaaS): PaaS provides a cloud platform and allows developers to
84 create, test, and run their program, website, web app, etc. without having to purchase the

hardware and software.

PMPGoogle Docs

Till now, you have learnt about cloud computing. Now, you will work practically on cloud IT PLANET - 8 (UBUNTU 18.04)
computing by using Google Docs. Google Docs (or Google Documents) is an online Office Suite,
in which you can create, edit and share three types of documents. These include Document,
Spreadsheet and Presentation. Each of the three document types has common operations
applicable to them including loading, saving, renaming, and sharing.
! The Document component of Google Docs allows you to create fully-featured, rich

documents.
! The Spreadsheet component of Google Docs allows you a basic manipulation and

formatting of spreadsheets, adding charts and the use of formula.
! The Presentation component of Google Docs enables you to create professional looking

presentations.
The advantages of using Google Docs are given below:
! Google Docs is free for the individual user. It does not need to be installed on any

computer.
! We can access the applications and all documents wherever we have access to the Internet

and a web browser.
! There are no compatibility issues; everyone is on the same version.
! Documents are stored online, and there is no need to carry any media with us while we

travel, including USB drives, discs, etc.
! The data stored online is very much secure and well-protected.

STARTING GOOGLE DOCS

To start Google Docs, open Google page in the web browser.

1. In the Google page,
1 click on Sign in.

Google account page will
appear.

2. Type your login ID and
the password.

Password will appear in
the form of black dots.
Your login ID and password
are same as that of your
2 Gmail account.
3. Click on Next button.

3 85

Google page appears again with your login details.
4

4. Click on Google Apps button.
A list of all Google Apps appears.
5. Click on Docs.

5

Docs App appears.
This area shows you Template
Gallery, which includes blank
and pre-designed documents.
You can select and work on it.

6 6. Click on Blank to start a new
document.
This area shows the list of
existing documents.

An empty document will appear
on your screen.
PM PUBLISHERS PVT. LTD.
The text you type will appear
PMP where the insertion point
7 flashes on your screen.
86 You can click on this button to
return to Docs App home.

7. Type your text.
All your text automatically save as
you type. This document will be
saved in Google Drive. Google
Drive is an online storage used to
store your data.
When you return to Docs App
home, the new document will be
displayed in the Google Docs
listing.

RENAME THE DOC

By default, the name of the blank document appears as Untitled document, but you can
rename it and give it a new name.

1 1. Click on File menu.
2. Click on Rename.

2

A text box will open.
3. Type the name you desire in
3 the box.
4. Press the Enter key.
The new name will appear in
Docs App.
The new name will also appear in
Google Drive.
PMP
SHARE YOUR FILE WITH SPECIFIC PEOPLE
IT PLANET - 8 (UBUNTU 18.04)
After creating the file, you can share it with your friends, family, relatives, etc. through email.
87
1. Click on Share button.
Share with others dialog box
1 appears.
2. Type the e-mail ID of the

receiver.
2 You can share the file to more

people by typing their e-mail ID.
3. Click on Send.
The email is sent to the people
you shared with.
3

SHARE A LINK TO ANYONE

After creating the file, you can share it with other people through a link.
1. Click on Share button. Share with others dialog box appears.
2. At the top right, click on Get shareable link [ ]. A link of your file will appear.
3. Copy and paste the link in an email or any other place you want to share it.

SIGN OUT FROM GOOGLE DOCS

After finishing your work in Google Docs, you must logout from it.

1. Click on Google Account.
1 A pop-up window appears.

2. Click on Sign out button.
The Google Docs window will
2 close.

Google Drive

When you create a document in Google Docs, it will automatically save in
Google Drive. Google Drive is cloud storage developed by Google. You can
store your files online in Google Drive and can access them from anywhere
in the whole world. Drive gives you 15 GB of free Google online storage, in
which you can keep files, folders, backups and everything that is important.

OPENING GOOGLE DRIVE

To start Google Drive, open Google page in the web browser.

1. In the Google page, click on Sign
1 in.

Google account page will appear.
PM PUBLISHERS PVT. LTD.
2 2. Type your login ID and the
PMP 3 password.

4 Password will appear in the form of
black dots.
5 Your login ID and password are same
as that of your Gmail account.
3. Click on Next button.

Google page appears again with your
login details.
4. Click on Google Apps button.
A list of all Google Apps appears.
5. Click on Google Drive.

88

PMP Google Drive window appears.
The file you created in Google
Docs, in previous section, is IT PLANET - 8 (UBUNTU 18.04)
stored in Google Drive.

You can also share this file to others
using Google Drive.
After finishing your work in Google
Drive, you must logout from it.

UPLOAD FILE OR FOLDER

You can easily upload any file or folder from your computer hard drive to Google Drive.
1. Click on New button.
A drop-down menu appears.
2. Click on File upload.

1
2

4 File Upload dialog box appears.
3. Navigate and click on the file
you want to upload.
4. Click on Open.

3

The selected file is uploaded
to Google Drive.

89

ORGANISING FILE AND FOLDER

Folders help you organize the files in Google Drive. In the folder, the files are easier to find
when you need them. Most folders contain files and folders.

Creating a Folder 1. Click on New button.
A drop-down menu appears.
1 2. Click on Folder.
2

New folder box appears.
3 3. Type the name of the folder.

4. Click on Create.
4

A new folder is created in
Google Drive.
PM PUBLISHERS PVT. LTD.
Moving a File to Folder 2 1. Select the file you want to
PMP 3 move.
1
90 2. Click on More action button.
A drop-down menu appears.
3. Click on Move to.

4 4. Click on the folder in which
5 you want to move the file.

5. Click on Move.

The file will move in the
particular folder.

When you open the folder, you
will see that the file is stored in
it.

Delete a File

You can delete a file which is no longer needed in Google Drive. Whenever you delete any file,
it goes into Trash folder. If you want to delete the file permanently, you have to delete it from
Trash as well.

2 1. Select the file you want to
delete.

2. Click on Remove button.
1 The file moves to the Trash folder.

Restore the Deleted File

As told earlier, the file you delete goes into Trash, where the file stays for a few days or a few
weeks, depending on how often you empty the Trash. You can again restore the files which
are in Trash to their original location from where you had deleted them.

1. Click on Trash.

Trash displays all the files you
3 have deleted.

2. Click on the file you want to
2 restore.
1 3. Click on Restore from Trash

button.

The file disappears from the Trash
and reappears in its original place.
PMP

Delete the files permanently from Google Drive IT PLANET - 8 (UBUNTU 18.04)

Whenever you want to remove any file permanently, you have to delete that file from the
Trash. After deleting the file from Trash, it cannot be restored again.

3 1. Click on Trash.
Trash displays all the files you

2 have deleted.
2. Select the files you want to

1 delete forever.
3. Click on Delete forever button.

91

The Delete forever dialog box appears.
4 4. Click on DELETE FOREVER to permanently delete all the files.

SHARING FILE OR FOLDER

After uploading and organizing the files in Google Drive, you can also share these files with
your friends, family, relatives, etc.

2 1. Select the file or folder you
1 want to share.

2. Click on Share button.

3PM PUBLISHERS PVT. LTD. Share with others dialog box appears.
4 3. Type the e-mail ID of the receiver.
PMP You can share the file to more people by typing their
e-mail IDs.
4. Click on Send.

A pop-up will appear to confirm the process.

SIGN OUT FROM GOOGLE DRIVE

After finishing your work in Google Drive, you must logout from it.

1. Click on Google Account
1 icon.

A pop-up window appears.
2. Click on Sign out button.
2 The Google Drive window will
close.

92

Self-Evaluation CHECKLIST

PMPAfter reading the chapter, I know these points:
Agree
Disagree$ I know that Cloud computing is a technology that provides resources and services
over the Internet.

$ I know that characteristics of cloud computing are on demand self service, elasticity,
pay per use, and resource pooling.

$ I know that types of clouds are private cloud, public cloud, hybrid cloud, and
community cloud.

$ I know that services of cloud computing are infrastructure as a service, software as
a service and platform as a service.

$ I know that Google Docs (or Google Documents) is an online Office Suite, in which
we can create, edit and share three types of documents.

$ I know that Google Drive is cloud storage developed by Google in which we can
store our files online and access them anywhere in the whole world.

Exercises

A. Tick [ü] the correct answer.
1. ......................... is a technology that provides resources and services over the Internet.

a. Cloud Computing b. Antivirus c. Soft Computing

2. ......................... include accessing software and storing files online.

a. Resources b. Services c. Server

3. ......................... allows cloud providers to pool large-scale IT resources to serve multiple
cloud consumers.

a. Elasticity b. Service Provider c. Resource Pooling

4. ......................... is an online office suite, in which you can create, edit and share Document,
Spreadsheet and Presentation.

a. Google Docs b. Google Drive c. YouTube IT PLANET - 8 (UBUNTU 18.04)

5. ...................... is free online storage that provides access to email, contacts and much more.

a. Facebook b. YouTube c. Google Drive

B. Write ‘T’ for True and ‘F’ for False statements.
1. SaaS is a method of delivering software over the Internet.
2. In community cloud, the services are offered to a group of organizations.
3. A public cloud is not proprietary of any organization.
4. AWS is not a service provider of cloud computing.
5. Google Drive gives you 15 GB of free Google Online Storage.
6. You cannot delete a file permanently from Google Drive.

93

C. Fill in the blanks.

1. .......................... Cloud offers the services to a limited and well-defined number of parties.

2. Cloud computing services are based on a ................................................. model.

3. .......................... provides a cloud platform and allows developers to create, test, and run
their program, website, web app, etc.

4. In .......................... , you can keep files, folders, backups and everything important, online.

5. Whenever you delete any file, it goes into ......................... folder.

6. After finishing your work in Google Drive, you must ......................... from it.

D. Define the following.

1. IaaS: ............................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................

2. SaaS: ..........................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................

3. PaaS: ..........................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................

E. Differentiate between the following.

1. Public Cloud Private Cloud
PM PUBLISHERS PVT. LTD.
.............................................................. .................................................................
PMP
.............................................................. .................................................................

.............................................................. .................................................................

2. Spreadsheet Component Presentation Component

.............................................................. .................................................................

.............................................................. .................................................................

.............................................................. .................................................................

F. Answer in 1-2 sentences.

1. What is Cloud Computing?

.....................................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................................

2. Write some uses of Cloud Computing.

.....................................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................................

3. What are Service Providers?

.....................................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................................

4. What is Google Docs?

.....................................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................................

5. What is Google Drive?

.....................................................................................................................................................

94 .....................................................................................................................................................

G. Answer Briefly.
1. Write the reasons for choosing cloud computing.
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
2. What are the characteristics of cloud computing?
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
3. What are the services of cloud computing?
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
4. Write the advantages of Google Docs.
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
5. Which kind of operations you can perform in Google Drive?
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................

H. Application Based Question.
Riya has to create her project but there is no LibreOffice installed in her system. She wants to
complete her project for the final examination practicals in which she needs word processor
and spreadsheet. She needs your help to create the project. She has Internet connection at her
home. Help her to complete the task.
...........................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................
PMP
Technology Trailblazers
IT PLANET - 8 (UBUNTU 18.04)
Jack Ma

? Co-Founder: Alibaba.com YEAR: 1999

Jack Ma is one of those self-made billionaires with humble beginnings. Jack Ma 95
was born in Hangzhou, located in the South-Eastern part of China. Once a poor
lad who survived by guiding tourists, Ma left no stone unturned to rise above
his humble condition and achieve success. He was one of the few individuals
who saw Internet as a business opportunity even at a time when the rest of the
world didn't believe in his thoughts. The venture based on e-commerce,
'Alibaba', which he founded in the early 2000s catapulted this entrepreneur to
global fame. He is one of the world's greatest living examples of
entrepreneurship today.

7 Google Apps

Topics Covered

•Introduction to Google •For Surfing and Research •For Staying in Touch •For Organizing Your Stuff •For
Working Smartly •For Watching, Listening, and Playing •Google Devices

Introduction to Google

Google (www.google.com) is an American public
corporation, specializing in Internet-related services and
products. Google began as a research project in January
1996 by Larry Page and Sergey Brin, two Ph.D. students
at Stanford University; as per the project, one could
zoom in close enough to read the license plates on cars
on a street.

Larry Page and Sergey Brin
PM PUBLISHERS PVT. LTD.
Today, Google is mainly used as a search engine, and this probably remains one
PMPof the most visible aspects of Google on the web. But Google is much more than
the search engine. It has developed a number of web-based applications that are
collectively known as Google Apps (short for applications).

GOOGLE APPS

There are many applications related to Google— Google Search,
Google accounts, Gmail accounts, Google Docs, etc. All the
applications and services from Google are called Google Apps.

Gmail is the product of Google Apps, which is used to send and
receive e-mails. To gain access to all the Google services, you
must set up a Gmail account. Gmail becomes your point of entry
to Google Apps. You can use any Google App by using Gmail User
ID and Password.

CLOUD COMPUTING

Cloud computing means storing and accessing data and programs over the Internet, rather
than in the hard drive of your computer.

Google Apps are totally based of cloud computing. Once you are using Google Apps, you will
enjoy the ability to access your files and software from anywhere you have access to the web
and cloud computing.

In traditional computing, when you want to start a new
application software, you will need to install it in your
computer before using it. To use an application that is run on
the cloud, all that is needed to be done is to login with a
96 username and password, customize it and start using it. For
this, you need a web browser and Internet connection.

PMPFor Surfing and Research

GOOGLE CHROME IT PLANET - 8 (UBUNTU 18.04)

Google Chrome is a full-featured web browser software 97
designed by Google. A web browser is a software application
that people use in order to view web pages on the Internet.
It loads very fast and runs multiple pages.

The Google Apps run particularly well in this browser.
Chrome is a free, open source browser and can be found
online at the web address [http://www.google.com/chrome].

GOOGLE MAPS

Google Maps is a web mapping service developed by Google. It enables you to display up-to-
date maps by searching for an address or place of interest (such as an airport, a hotel or a
historical site).

While going somewhere, Google Maps provide directions when a user
enters a starting and destination point. It has GPS (Global Positioning
System) which is used to determine the current location of a user,
eliminating the need for the user to enter the starting point and enabling
the website to recommend nearby places of interest. It shows real-time
GPS navigation, traffic, transit, and details about millions of places.

GOOGLE TRANSLATE

Google Translate is a free online language translation
service which instantly translates text in to other languages.

This translator supports English, Arabic, Bulgarian, Chinese,
Croatian, Czech, Danish, Dutch, Finnish, French, German,
Greek, Hindi, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Norwegian, Polish,
Portuguese, Romanian, Russian, Spanish, and Swedish.

The Google Translate app for mobile lets you instantly
visually translate printed text. Just open the app, click
on the camera and point it at the text you need to
translate—a street sign, ingredient list, instruction
manual, etc. You'll see the text transforming live on
your screen into the other language.

GOOGLE SEARCH ENGINE

The Internet is a worldwide resource of information. The primary reason why people use the
Internet is to search for specific information, including text, pictures, music and video.

Google is well-known for its search engine, which is a major
factor of the company's success. It is a fast, relevant and
the largest single catalogue of web pages available today. It
offers ‘images’, ‘maps’, ‘news’ and their features for locating
photos, geographic directions and news headlines.

GOOGLE ASSISTANT

The Google Assistant is a virtual assistant developed by Google that is primarily available on
mobile and smart home devices. By using Android phone, user can quickly access Google
Assistant by pressing and holding down home button or by simply saying, "Ok Google.”

With the Google Assistant, you can make quick phone, send text messages,
set reminders, take a selfie, set calendar events, play music, navigate
places, get updates on weather information and on the latest news.

GOOGLE EARTH

Google Earth is an interactive mapping program that covers the vast
area of the Earth. Google Earth is generally considered to be
remarkably accurate and extremely detailed. For example, some major
cities have such remarkably detailed images that one can zoom in
close enough to read the number plates on cars on a street.

For Staying in Touch
PM PUBLISHERS PVT. LTD.
GMAIL
PMP
Gmail is a web-based e-mail application offered by Google.

You can use Gmail to create, send, receive, forward, print and

delete email messages. Initially, gmail service was available

for Google employees only. Gmail was offered to the public in

2004 as an invitation-only service. Since then it has become

one of the most popular free e-mail services with a huge

storage capacity. Gmail is available as desktop app, web app

and mobile app.

GOOGLE HANGOUTS

Google Hangouts is Google’s communication app that allows
you to communicate instantly using instant messaging, video
or voice chat and SMS anywhere in the world. Prior to the
launch of Hangouts, Google was maintaining Google Talk,
which was a similar product.

Hangouts allows conversation between two or more users.
The service can be accessed online through Gmail or through
mobile app available for Android and iOS.

GOOGLE ALLO

Google Allo is an instant messaging mobile app developed by Google. Allo was launched on
September 21, 2016. It is available on Android and iOS. Allo allows you to express yourself
better with stickers, doodles, and emojis. Allo provides a smart reply function that allows
users to reply to messages with automatic suggestions instead of typing.

Allo is based on phone numbers, not by social media or
email accounts. Allo also lets users draw on photos
98 before sending them.

GOOGLE DUO

Google Duo is a high quality video calling app. It's simple, reliable and
works on both iOS and Android phones.

GOOGLE BLOGGER

Blogger is a blog-publishing service by Google by which you can publish your
ideas, opinions and stories online. With millions of blogs available on the
Internet, you can read what others have published.

Blogger consists of a frequently updated collection of entries. Most blogs focus
on a particular topic or subject area, although in a majority of blogs, the
‘subject’ is the person writing the blog. The entries that appear on a blog are
called posts, and the act of publishing a blog is called posting. A single person
who maintains many blogs is known as a blogger.

For Organizing Your Stuff

GOOGLE CALENDAR

Google Calendar is a time-management app created by Google. Using Calendar,
you can effectively keep track of all your appointments, receive notifications
automatically, set reminder and schedule future repeating events.

User can view Google Calendar in different views like month, week and day
view. Most of your events from Gmail like flight, hotel, concert, restaurant
reservations and more are added to your calendar automatically.

GOOGLE PHOTOS

Google Photos is a photo sharing and storage app from Google. It is just
like your new photo gallery. When you click photos or shoot videos from
the phone, those photos and videos will be automatically backed up and
organized, so you can find and share them faster and your phone space
will never be used.
PMP

For Working Smartly IT PLANET -8 (UBUNTU 18.04)

GOOGLE DOCS 99

Google Docs is an online Office Suite, in which you can create, edit
and share three types of documents. These include Document,
Spreadsheet and Presentation.

! The Document component of Google Docs allows you to create
full-featured documents by adding text and format it.

! The Spreadsheet component of Google Docs allows you to basic
manipulation of spreadsheets, adding charts and using of formula.

! The Presentation component of Google Docs enables you to
create professional looking presentations.

GOOGLE DRIVE

Google Drive is an online storage that provides you 15 GB of free Google
online storage, in which you can keep files, folders, backups and
everything that is important. Users can upgrade their free 15 GB account
through a paid subscription plan, to get additional storage.

Google Drive is used by millions of people to store their files, and those
files can be accessed from any smartphone, tablet or computer. So
wherever you go, you can use your files.

GOOGLE CHROME OS

Chrome OS (Operating System), introduced by
Google, is a Linux-based operating system designed to
work primarily with web apps. Apps are available
through the Chrome Web Store, and data is stored on
Google Drive. A specialized laptop that runs Chrome
OS is called a Chromebook, and a specialized desktop
that runs Chrome OS is called a Chromebox.

PM PUBLISHERS PVT. LTD.For Watching, Listening, and Playing Chad Hurley, Steve Chen
and Jawed Karim
PMPYOUTUBE

YouTube is the most popular video sharing service on the web.
This service was created by three former PayPal employees, Chad
Hurley, Steve Chen and Jawed Karim in February 2005. In
November 2006, YouTube was bought by Google.

YouTube offers tens of millions of videos as well as movie trailers,
commercials, clips from TV shows and much more. You use the
YouTube site to watch video clips. When you click on any clip,
YouTube streams it to your computer and other mobile devices.

If you have a digital movie or animation that you would like to
share with the world, you can upload the file to YouTube. To
upload videos, you need to create a free YouTube account or sign
in with your Google account, if you have one.

GOOGLE PLAY

Google Play is a store of apps (applications), songs, books,
movies, games and other contents for Android-powered
phones and tablets. It is a huge place and offers a lot of
content to its users, either free of charge or at a cost.

Applications and games can be downloaded directly to an Android-based device through the
Play Store. Google Play offers an online music store and has the world's largest eBook store
with over 5 million titles. There are thousands of movies and television shows available on
100 Google Play Movies & TV.