Bangunan SKTM(Sekolah Kebangsaan Tanjung Malim)

BANGUNAN SKTM (SEKOLAH KEBANGSAAN TANJUNG MALIM)
UNIVERSITI PENDIDIKAN SULTAN IDRIS, TANJUNG MALIM,
PERAK DARUL RIDZUAN.

AAR 3102 & AAR 3204 HERITAGE STUDIES 1 AND 2
DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE

KULLIYYAH OF ARCHITECTURE AND ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN
INTERNATIONAL ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY MALAYSIA
SESSION 2021/2022



COPYRIGHT ©2022
Department of Architecture, KAED, IIUM

First Edition: September 2022

ISBN 978-967-25996-7-8
Cataloguing in Publication
BANGUNAN SKTM ( SEKOLAH KEBANGSAAN TANJUNG MALIM )

Publisher: Department of Architecture
Kulliyyah of Architecture and Environmental Design (KAED)
International Islamic University Malaysia, Jalan Gombak, 53100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form without the written permission of the publisher, except by a reviewer who wishes to quote
brief passages in a review written for inclusion in magazines, newspapers or journals.

DECLARATION

This is to certify that we have supervised and read this Heritage Studies report:

Name of Building Bangunan SKTM
Address of Building
Programme Coordinator Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Tanjung Malim, Perak Darul Ridzuan
Supervisor
Advisors Asst. Prof. Dr. Nayeem Asif

Group Leader Asst. Prof. Dr. Aliyah Nur Zafirah Binti Sanusi
Group Members
Datin Seri Ar. Dr. Norwina Mohd Nawawi
Asst. Prof. Dr. Zuraini Binti Denan
Assoc. Prof. Ts. Dr. Nurul Hamiruddin Bin Salleh
Ar. Adli Hadi Bin Abdul Hadi

Syed Muhammad Nadzirul Hisyam Bin Syed Faddly

Ahmad Izzuddin Bin Ibrahim Mohammed Omar Bajunaid
Aina Amira Binti Khairul Nizar Najla Alifa
Alifah Ilyana Binti Alias Nu'man Nabil bin Nazarudin
Ammar Danish Bin Hadi Irazman Nurfarhana binti Zaili Azmi
Fatin Najwa Bt Mohd Qasdina binti Mohd Zamri
Izzah Zazwin Binti Zaini Razlin Farasyah binti Mansor
Mariam Jamilah binti Ibrahim Sayyidah Zeinab binti Mohammad Maliki
Mohamad Izhar bin Shaharudin Wissal Hanouf
Mohamad Luqman Hakiem bin Mohamad Fadeli Zainal Abidin bin Mat Salleh
Muhammad bin Mazlan
Muhammad Zahiruddin Salleh

i

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

‫ِب ْس ِم هَّلا ِ ال َّر ْح َم ِن ال َّر ِحيم‬ A great pleasure to the UPSI community for their warm welcome
and treatment throughout our fieldwork. We would also like to extend our
In the name of Allah, Most Gracious, Most Merciful. All praise to gratitude to Prof. Dr. Tajul Shuhaizam Said, Puan Safna Asaruddin, En. Zu
Him, the Almighty of all things, which from His endowment and Shimalain, En. Nazri, and staff of Muzium Pendidikan Nasional (MPN)
permission we manage to accomplish this Heritage Studies project for their comprehensive guidance of all aspects of UPSI and its history.
successfully and effectively. With His blessings, we have also succeeded
in completing all of our newly experienced tasks such as measuring, Special appreciation to the alumni of Sekolah Kebangsaan
recording and documenting the chronology. Tanjung Malim (SKTM) and Puan Azuraniza, the headmaster of SKTM in
Jalan Ketoyong for the help in completing the chronology of our studied
Our sincere appreciation to our advisors, Asst. Prof. Dr. Nayeem building.
Asif, Datin Seri Ar Dr. Datin Norwina Mohd Nawawi, Asst. Prof. Dr.
Zuraini Denan, Assoc. Prof. Ts. Dr. Nurul Hamiruddin bin Salleh, Asst. To conclude, this documentation would not have been possible
Prof. Dr. Aliyah Nur Zafirah Sanusi and Ar. Adli Hadi bin Abdul Hadi for without the hard work and participation of all the group members. This
their assistance and support in enduring the hardships and guiding us successful documentation of heritage studies is the result of their
through the explorations, research and fieldwork in Universiti Pendidikan enthusiasm and full commitment.
Sultan Idris(UPSI), Tanjung Malim, Perak.

Our deepest respect to the course coordinator of AAR 3302
Heritage Studies for his full commitment in ensuring our studies for this
semester went smoothly.

ii

ABSTRACT of architectural elements of Bangunan SKTM. The compilation of
measured drawings of Bangunan SKTM was placed at the appendices for
Bangunan SKTM is one of the earliest schools in Tanjung Malim. future references. After all, this report presents the overall information of
SKTM stands for Sekolah Kebangsaan Tanjung Malim and was built along Bangunan SKTM from the previous years to today's function that
with other oldest buildings of SITC in 1922. The school was known as contributes to the development of knowledge and producing a person with
Sekolah Melayu Tanjong Malim and SITC Training School before its a noble character.
change name to SKTM due to Penyata Razak 1956. Located in the old
campus of UPSI; Sultan Abdul Jalil Shah campus in Tanjung Malim. It The 2021 Heritage Studies course that scopes on the building-
was reported the first headmaster of the school was Encik Lembang from Bangunan SKTM (Sekolah Kebangsaan Tanjung Malim) is a group effort
Maktab Perguruan Singapura. The school went through several comprising a research or report team, technical or measured drawing team,
construction changes and a few different names to relate to the purpose of multimedia team, and catalogue team. Granted that each team has
the building to adjust to the purpose of the building. specified tasks, the studies depend on the teams’ collaborative effort to
fulfil the requirements of the course for comprehensive learning of the
This report is divided into two (2) parts. The first part emphasises significance of the heritage buildings.
the literature review and the findings of Bangunan SKTM from the
fieldwork. It will focus on the background history, contextual studies and iii
the details of building construction along with case studies of other
buildings that share the same architectural elements. The second part of
the report encompasses a compilation of measured drawings of Bangunan
SKTM. This report conveys the analytical studies of history, chronology,
architectural influencers, and the structural system of Bangunan SKTM.
The report presents the understanding of culture, society and other factors
such as climate and geography that influence the building design and
identity. It also highlights the illustration and sketches of the understanding

TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.4 Significance of Study 5
5
DECLARATION 1.5 Structure of Report
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS i 8
ABSTRACT 8
TABLE OF CONTENTS ii CHAPTER 2.0: METHODOLOGY 9
LIST OF FIGURES 16
LIST OF TABLES iii 2.1 Introduction 20
22
CHAPTER 1.0: INTRODUCTION iv 2.2 Methodology 23
1.1 Introduction to Heritage Studies 24
vii 2.2.1 Pre-Fieldwork
1.1.1 Location of Study 26
1.2 Objectives of Study xiv 2.2.2 Fieldwork 26
1.3 Scope and Limitation of Study
2.2.3 Documentation iv
1.3.1 Research Team
1.3.2 Technical Team 2.2.4 Critique Session
1.3.3 Catalogue Team 2
1.3.4 Multimedia Team
2.2.5 Exhibition
2

2.3 Summary
3

3 CHAPTER 3.0: CONTEXTUAL STUDIES

3 3.1 Introduction

3 3.2 Arrival of Islam in Tanah Melayu

4

4

3.3 The History of Perak 27 4.4 Maktab Perguruan Sultan Idris (MPSI) and Institut 55
3.4 The Muallim District 29 Pendidikan Sultan Idris (IPSI)
30 56
3.4.1 History of Muallim 31 4.5 Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris (UPSI) 58
3.5 Tanjung Malim 31 4.6 Summary
40 60
3.5.1 Introduction to Tanjung Malim 41 CHAPTER 5: CASE STUDIES 60
3.5.2 Climate and Geography 5.1 Introduction 62
3.6 Summary 5.2 Sekolah Melayu Ulu Sungkai 63
5.3 Sekolah Melayu Sungai Gelugor 65
CHAPTER 4: COLONISATION IMPACT ON EDUCATIONAL 5.4 Sekolah Melayu Benus 66
5.5 Comparative Analysis 72
ARCHITECTURE IN TANAH MELAYU 76
5.5.1 Sekolah Melayu Ulu Sungkai 83
4.1 Introduction 43 5.5.2 Sekolah Melayu Sungai Gelugor
5.5.3 Sekolah Melayu Benus 85
4.2 Education System in Tanah Melayu 43 5.6 Summary

4.2.1 Early Islamic Education System in Tanah 44 CHAPTER 6: BANGUNAN SKTM
Melayu 6.1 Introduction

4.2.2 Colonial Influence on Education System in 46
Tanah Melayu

4.2.3 Colonisation Impact on Architecture of Perak 48

4.3 Sultan Idris Training College (SITC) 51

v

6.2 Location of Bangunan SKTM 6.6.4 Construction Method 166
6.2.1 Site Context 85 172
172
6.3 History of Bangunan SKTM 6.7 Passive Design Strategies 173
6.3.1 Significant Figure 87 176
178
6.4 Architecture Influence 6.7.1 Natural Lighting 179
6.4.1 Vernacular Architecture 91 180
6.4.2 Colonial Architecture
6.7.2 Ventilation 183
6.5 Profile of Bangunan SKTM 94 183
6.5.1 Chronology of Bangunan SKTM 184
6.5.2 Spatial Organisation 6.7.3 Facade Design
6.5.3 Building Materials 98 186
6.5.4 Analysis and Synthesis of Space 188
6.7.4 Landscaping 195
6.6 Building Construction 98
6.6.1 Structural System vi
6.6.2 Non-Structural System 6.7.5 Orientation
6.6.3 Special Elements and Ornamentations 100

6.8 Summary
103

104 CHAPTER 7: CONCLUSION

114 7.1 Introduction

115 7.2 Summary of Findings

118 7.3 Recommendation for Future Developments

121
GLOSSARY

121
BIBLIOGRAPHY

137
APPENDICES: MEASURED DRAWINGS

162

LIST OF FIGURE Figure 2.10 Process of Tracing Ventilation Panels by Catalogue 19
CHAPTER 1.0: INTRODUCTION Team

CHAPTER 2.0: METHODOLOGY 8 CHAPTER 3.0: CONTEXTUAL STUDIES 29
Figure 2.1 Phases of Heritage Studies 2021/2022 10 Figure 3.1 District of Perak 30
Figure 2.2 Organisation Chart for Heritage Studies 2021/2022 14 Figure 3.2 Muallim District Area 31
Figure 2.3 Initial Stage of Scaled Freehand Drawings or Figure 3.3 Tanjung Malim Map in 1870 33
Figure 3.4 Tanjung Malim Map in 1922 33
Sketches of the Buildings Figure 3.5 Tanjung Malim Map in 1926 34
Figure 3.6 The Development of Railway in Perak 1886-1896 35
Figure 2.4 The Second Phase of Measured Drawing Using 14 Figure 3.7 Railway Map in 1895 Connecting Port Dickson and
AutoCad 36
Penang Through Tanjung Malim 36
Figure 2.5 Interview Session with Encik Tarmizi 17 Figure 3.8 Tanjung Malim Map 1948 37
17 Figure 3.9 Tanjung Malim Map 1960 38
Figure 2.6 Process of Measuring Every Detail of Bangunan Figure 3.10 Tanjung Malim Home Guard, 9 September 1952
SKTM Figure 3.11 Tanjung Malim map 1990

Figure 2.7 Discussion Among Technical Members 18

Figure 2.8 Process of Recording the Measurement Data 18

Figure 2.9 Multimedia Team Captures The Elements of 19
Bangunan SKTM

vii

Figure 4.9 Sultan Idris Training College Logo 53

Figure 3.12 Proton City map 38 Figure 4.10 Za’ba as a Translator in Pejabat Karang Mengarang 54
Figure 3.13 Tanjung Malim map in 2009 39
Figure 3.14 Present Day Tanjung Malim 40 Figure 4.11 Japanese Soldiers During The Occupation in 1941 54
Figure 3.15 Flood in Tanjung Malim 1971 41
Figure 4.12 Maktab Perguruan Sultan Idris (MPSI) Logo 55

Figure 4.13 Institut Perguruan Sultan Idris (IPSI) Logo 56

Figure 4.14 Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris Logo 56

CHAPTER 4.0: COLONISATION IMPACT ON EDUCATIONAL Figure 4.15 The Entrance of Sultan Azlan Shah Campus 57
ARCHITECTURE IN TANAH MELAYU
Figure 4.16 The Chronology of SITC to UPSI Development 58

Figure 4.1 Chronology of The Education System in Tanah Melayu 44

Figure 4.2 Penang Free School 1816 48

Figure 4.3 Rumah Limas Bumbung Perak 49 CHAPTER 5.0: COMPARATIVE STUDIES

Figure 4.4 Rumah Kutai with Nipah Leaves Roofing 50 Figure 5.1 SK Sungkai 1963 60

Figure 4.5 Rumah Perak with Masonry Stilts 50 Figure 5.2 Sekolah Melayu Sungai Gelugor Bangunan Sekolah D 62
in 1930
Figure 4.6 R.O. Winstedt 51

Figure 4.7 Matang Training College (Maktab Perguruan 52 Figure 5.3 Painting of The Original Sekolah Melayu Sungai 62
Matang) in Taiping, Perak Gelugor

Figure 4.8 Bangunan Suluh Budiman during the establishment of 53
SITC

viii

Figure 6.9 The Playing Equipment in Bangunan SKTM’s 89
Courtyard 89
Figure 5.4 Sekolah D of Sekolah Melayu Sungai Gelugor Built in 1930 63 90
Remains as a Heritage Building in the Current School 91
Complex Figure 6.10 Tennis Court Beside Bangunan SKTM 93
96
Figure 6.11 Surau An-Nur 97

Figure 5.5 Sekolah Melayu Benus 63 Figure 6.12 Rumah Za’ba 98

Figure 6.13 Bangunan SKTM in 1990

CHAPTER 6.0: BANGUNAN SKTM Figure 6.14 Zainal Abidin Ahmad

Figure 6.1 Campus Division of Universiti Pendidikan Sultan 85 Figure 6.15 Translation Bureau, SITC of 1929
Idris From left,standing, Yazid Ahmad, Ahmad Murad
Nasaruddin, Aziz Din. Sitting, Abd Kudus
Figure 6.2 The aerial view of the current Bangunan SKTM 86 Muhammad, Za’ba, W.B. Clarke, Abd Hadi Hj
Hasan, Md Yusoff Sharif
Figure 6.3 Masterplan of UPSI 86

Figure 6.4 Location Plan of Bangunan SKTM 87 Figure 6.16 The Illustration of a Pondok School in The Late 1800s

Near The SITC Compound

Figure 6.5 Aerial View of Bangunan SKTM Compound 87 Figure 6.17 The Intricacy of The Facade Bangunan SKTM 99
100
Figure 6.6 Site plan of Bangunan SKTM Showing the Context of 88 Figure 6.18 The Window Panels of Bangunan SKTM 100
Bangunan SKTM
Figure 6.19 Ventilation Panel Above The Windows of Bangunan 100
Figure 6.7 The Playground Compound 88 SKTM

Figure 6.8 Trees Along The Corridor, on The Left Side of The 88 Figure 6.20 Decorative Panel on Top of The Windows
Building

ix

Figure 6.31 Tun Haji Abdul Razak bin Dato’ Hussein , Minister 107
of Education (1952-1957)
Figure 6.21 Bangunan SKTM Masonry Column 102
102 Figure 6.32 Axonometric Ground Floor Plan of Bangunan SKTM 108
Figure 6.22 Symmetrical Facade of Bangunan SKTM 103 in 1985

Figure 6.23 Metal Grill and Decorative Panel of Bangunan 103 Figure 6.33 Sekolah Kebangsaan Tanjung Malim in Jalan 109
SKTM 104 Ketoyong, Kampung Ketoyong, Tanjung Malim,
Perak
Figure 6.24 Roof of Bangunan SKTM

Figure 6.25 Spatial Planning of Bangunan SKTM in 1930
First Floor (Top), Ground Floor (Bottom)

Figure 6.34 TASKA Permata UPSI 109

Figure 6.26 Axonometric Ground Floor Plan of Bangunan SKTM 105 Figure 6.35 Axonometric Ground Floor Plan of Bangunan SKTM 110
in 1930 in 2002

Figure 6.27 Sekolah Latihan Tanjung Malim Students Training 105 Figure 6.36 Playground in Bangunan SKTM School Yard 110
Primary Students in 1930s

Figure 6.37 TASKA Permata UPSI and NCDRC 111

Figure 6.28 Axonometric Ground Floor Plan of Bangunan SKTM 106 Figure 6.38 Axonometric Ground Floor Plan of Bangunan SKTM in 111
in 1954
2011

Figure 6.29 Space Underneath The Additional Building 106 Figure 6.39 Steel Staircase on The Left Side of The Timber Staircase of 112

Figure 6.30 Canteen (Kiosk) and Long Toilet Building at The 107 Bangunan SKTM
Back
Figure 6.40 Institute of Malay Civilization in 2022 112

x

Figure 6.41 Chronology of Bangunan SKTM 113 Figure 6.54 Elevation of C4 Column 123
Figure 6.55 Elevation of C5 Column 124
Figure 6.42 Spatial Planning of Bangunan SKTM in 1930 114 Figure 6.56 Elevation of C6 Column 124
Figure 6.57 Elevation of C7 Column 125
Figure 6.43 Spatial Planning of The Current Bangunan SKTM 115 Figure 6.58 Elevation of C10 Column 125
Figure 6.59 Elevation of C3 Column 126
Figure 6.44 Timber Used in The Construction of Bangunan SKTM 115 Figure 6.60 Elevation of C8 Column 126
Figure 6.61 Elevation of C9 Column 127
Figure 6.45 Timber Used as Primary Building Material in Bangunan 116 Figure 6.62 Elevation of C11 Column 127
Figure 6.63 Elevation of C12 Column 128
SKTM Figure 6.64 Elevation of C13 Column 128
Figure 6.65 Elevation of C14 Column 129
Figure 6.46 Masonry Used as The Primary Column in The Structure of 117 Figure 6.66 Timber Column for The Walkway 129
Figure 6.67 Steel Column for The Pergola 130
Bangunan SKTM Figure 6.68 Steel column for The Staircase 130

Figure 6.47 One of The Classes on The Ground Floor 119 xi

Figure 6.48 Pantry at The Ground Floor 119

Figure 6.49 Meeting Room on The First Floor 120

Figure 6.50 Office on The Ground Floor 120

Figure 6.51 Section Cut of Brick Masonry Column on Concrete Pad 121

Foundation

Figure 6.52 Elevation of C1 Column 122

Figure 6.53 Elevation of C2 Column 123

Figure 6.69 Timber column for The Timber Staircase Figure 6.84 Current First Floor Plan of Bangunan SKTM 140
Figure 6.70 Elevation of C3 Column 131 153
Figure 6.71 Elevation of C5 Column 153
Figure 6.72 Elevation of C6 Column Figure 6.85 Ground Floor Plan of Bangunan SKTM in 1930 155
Figure 6.73 Elevation of C7 Column 131 155
Figure 6.74 Elevation of C13 Column 166
Figure 6.75 Elevation of C14 Column Figure 6.86 First Floor Plan of Bangunan SKTM in 1930 166
Figure 6.76 Timber Floor Joist 132 172
Figure 6.77 Clay Roof Tiles 173
Figure 6.78 Battens and Purlins Figure 6.87 Current Ground Floor Plan of Bangunan SKTM 174
Figure 6.79 Roof Supporting Bracket 132 174
Figure 6.80 Pergola of Bangunan SKTM 175
Figure 6.81 Ground Floor Plan of Bangunan SKTM in 1930 Figure 6.88 Current First Floor Plan of Bangunan SKTM 175
Figure 6.82 First Floor Plan of Bangunan SKTM in 1930 133 176
Figure 6.83 Current Ground Floor Plan of Bangunan SKTM
Figure 6.89 Ventilation Panel after Renovation xii
133

Figure 6.90 Handrail after Renovation
134

Figure 6.91 Shows Location of Staff Room
135

Figure 6.92 Shows Windows of The Staff Room
135

Figure 6.93 Shows Air Movement Towards The Building
136

Figure 6.94 Shows Air Movement Towards The Staff Room
136

Figure 6.95 Windows of The Staff Room
136

Figure 6.96 Ventilation Panels of The Staff Room
138

Figure 6.97 Building Exterior
138

140

Figure 6.98 Shaded Area of Bangunan SKTM at 3:00 P.M. 177
Figure 6.99 Pergola Around The Building 177
Figure 6.100 Vegetation Around The Site 178
Figure 6.101 Aerial View of Bangunan SKTM 179
Figure 6.102 Air Temperature Graph 180

xiii

LIST OF TABLES Table 6.3 Shows The Doors in 1930 (Locked Date) 138

CHAPTER 2.0: METHODOLOGY Table 6.4 Shows The Doors in 2022 (Current) 141
Table 2.1 List of Buildings and Chosen During Recess 12 Table 6.5 Shows The Windows in 1930 (Locked Date) 153

Table 2.2 List of Equipments Needed by Technical Team 14 Table 6.6 Shows The Windows in 2022 (Current) 155

Table 2.3 List of Equipments Needed by Multimedia Team 15 Table 6.7 Shows The Ornamentation in Bangunan SKTM 163

Table 2.4 List of Equipments Needed by Catalogue Team 15 Table 6.8 Construction Method 167

Table 2.5 Task Division of Each Bureau of The Exhibition 23 Table 6.9 Shows Air Temperature and Wind Velocity in The Staff 179

Committee Room of Bangunan SKTM

CHAPTER 5.0: COMPARATIVE STUDIES

Table 5.1 Comparative analysis between Sekolah Melayu Ulu 65
Sungkai, Sekolah Melayu Sungai Gelugor, and
Sekolah Melayu Benus

CHAPTER 6.0: BANGUNAN SKTM

Table 6.1 List of Headmasters of SKTM 94

Table 6.2 The Difference between The Current and Locked Date 118
Zonings

xiv

Bangunan SKTM, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Tanjung Malim, Perak
1

Bangunan SKTM, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Tanjung Malim, Perak

CHAPTER 1.0: INTRODUCTION aspects of the building and how these interact. For the 2020/2021 session,
the program is divided into two parts. In Semester 2, Heritage Studies 1
1.1 Introduction to Heritage Studies focused on the educational trip for field work, documentation, and
production process, while Semester 3, focused on the heritage exhibition
Heritage is one of the essential areas in understanding the preperation.
connection between a place's history, culture, and environment and the
physical and intangible studies that support it. Heritage knowledge is vital 1.1.1 Location of Study
because it provides us with historical insights that should be maintained
for current and future architectural research. Heritage structures are also Basically, the main focus of this report is for heritage studies made
significant landmarks that give a community its identity and provide value. in Sekolah Kebangsaan Tanjung Malim or its short name SK Tanjung
This report includes the early steps through the final phases of research to Malim, is a national school located in Jalan Ketoyong, Tanjung Malim,
ensure a proper heritage study. Perak. Sekolah Latihan SITC (Sultan Idris Training College) was the
previous name of the building, which was later renamed to Sekolah
The first chapter will outline the first stages that will guide the Kebangsaan Tanjung Malim (SKTM). The old school building is still
investigation's course, including objective, chosen study, location, and maintained to this day and is operated by UPSI.
organisation details.
Tanjung Malim is a town located in the south of Perak, which
AAR 3201 Heritage Studies is one of the core subjects of the borders the State of Selangor. Until the North-South Expressway opened in
International Islamic University Malaysia's Bachelor of Science in 1994, Tanjung Malim in Perak was a popular rest stop for exhausted
Architectural Studies (LAM-Part 1) degree. This subject was created to travellers. Tanjung Malim, a radial town between Perak and Selangor, has
emphasise the value of Islamic history over the world and the become a slow-paced hub for local industries since the need to pause has
comprehension and practice of measured drawings. This subject consists decreased.
of a few chapters that discuss historical, cultural, and environmental
2

Bangunan SKTM, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Tanjung Malim, Perak

1.2 Objectives of Study 1.3.1 Research Team

The study of Sekolah Kebangsaan Tanjung Malim, Tanjung Malim Due to the few sources available, gathering information about the
comprises the building’s and its physical site’s evolution throughout school's history was restricted. Besides that, due to the limits imposed by
history, the people's surrounding culture, and its neighbourhood context. the Covid-19 epidemic, there were few resources accessible to trace the
Data collected from this study are utilised to: school's history. Interviews with historians, teachers, alumni, local
residents and school employees, old images, and information collected
a) To discover more about Sekolah Kebangsaan Tanjung Malim's from departments such as the Department of National Heritage and the
historical and cultural significance. National Archives of Malaysia were among the reliable sources we used.
Only a small number of official papers were available on Sekolah
b) To produce measured drawings of the chosen building, including Kebangsaan Tanjong Malim (SKTM). As a result, tracing the origin and
the building’s plans, structure and detailing. history of the school's construction is challenging. Aside from that, we had
trouble authenticating the facts we had collected about the school's
c) To study the development and mark the chronological changes of background history.
Bangunan SKTM.
1.3.2 Technical Team
d) To compile a detailed record of Sekolah Kebangsaan Tanjung
Malim's historical documents for future use. During fieldwork and in the process of producing technical
drawings, the technical team fell into several issues measuring the
1.3 Scope and Limitation of Study construction parts. They had difficulty measuring a few aspects of the
school, particularly the interior structural features. Consequently,
All teams' work progress was strategically planned and measurements of unreachable elements are selected as a reference from
documented throughout the heritage research. Below are descriptions of
each bureau's accomplishments as well as the issues they faced: 3

Bangunan SKTM, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Tanjung Malim, Perak

comparable studies. The comparative studies chosen should have a 1.3.3 Catalogue Team
structure and qualities similar to those of Bangunan SKTM. Therefore,
there were constraints on the equipment given, such as a ladder that was During fieldwork, all of the construction parts were efficiently
too short to reach a specific height of the school, such as the tallest section tagged and documented. All of the building's components were also easily
of the ceiling and the roof structure. Furthermore, an unstable roof reachable. The multimedia team has taken and edited the photos, while the
structure was found. As a consequence, the team has difficulty in obtaining report team provided info for the descriptions.
exact measurements of the architectural parts.
1.3.4 Multimedia Team
Meanwhile, the technical team had issues synchronising the
placement of structural parts in the CAD drawings due to differences in the During the fieldwork, the multimedia team also encountered
measurements collected of each individual piece and the overall building certain issues. The team members had a difficult time photographing and
structure. Furthermore, several aspects of the lock date drawings were filming videos of the people and culture in the school's immediate
difficult to establish throughout the technical drawing processesThis is surroundings. This is because some people in the community do not really
affected by various stages of research exploration. After further want to be captured or recorded without their consent, or even with
information was obtained, the result of each phase was considered among permission. All of the photographs and videos were collected, categorised,
the Research and Technical team. As a result, the drawings had to be and edited to get the greatest result possible in accordance with the theme.
double-checked and revised after each phase, affecting in-studio
production. Because of the COVID-19 pandemic and weather conditions,
certain picture and video shooting activities had to be postponed and
rescheduled. Rainy weather also makes it more difficult for members to
complete tasks.

4

Bangunan SKTM, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Tanjung Malim, Perak

1.4 Significance of Study In the second chapter, the aims and methodology used to complete
this study were discussed. It was split into three (3) stages: the
The documentation of Sekolah Kebangsaan Tanjung Malim was pre-fieldwork phase, the fieldwork itself, and finally, the post-fieldwork
prepared in accordance with the research method and information phase. Because the group was divided into four sub-groups: research,
collecting conducted, where the history of the school was documented in a technical, catalogue, and multimedia, each group was assigned specific
chronological sequence. The evolution of this school was defined and tasks and projects, which were detailed in this chapter according to the
written in great detail in order to comprehend its physical changes through work phase.
the period. Aside from that, the study contributes to a better understanding
of Colonisation in Tanjung Malim and how it has influenced the area's The third chapter is a literature study in which we analyse the
architecture. This report also contains details on how Tanjung Malim came macro and provide a basic summary of SK Tanjung Malim's location and
to be. Furthermore, the importance of heritage preservation was surroundings. This chapter also includes a brief history of Perak, Tanjung
highlighted in this study, as well as how local culture influences local Malim, and UPSI, which assists in a better understanding of the SK
architecture. Tanjung Malim's chronology. This chapter also contained a brief
discussion of how British occupation and migration of West Sumatrans
1.5 Structure of Report impacted the architecture in Tanah Melayu.

The long study is divided into five (5) main chapters that discuss The historical, construction, and architectural influences of SK
Bangunan SKTM in detail. In Chapter 1, the courses AAR 3102, Heritage Tanjung Malim were highlighted in Chapter 4. The school's location and
Studies 1 in Semester 2 and AAR 3204, Heritage Studies, as well as the historical significance were analysed and discussed at the beginning of the
overall location of study, were discussed. In addition, the scope and section. Each specific element and feature of the school were studied and
limitations of each team's research, as well as the relevance of the study analysed to determine its significance in the analysis.The documents'
and its organisation, are all discussed in this report. chronology contains the building process, as well as structural and

5

Bangunan SKTM, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Tanjung Malim, Perak

non-structural components of the school, in order to offer a complete
understanding of the report.

The fifth chapter elaborates on case studies of architectural
influences on schools that were built around the same time. This chapter
will discuss the difference between the school and two other buildings that
have architectural styles, characteristics, and personalities that are
comparable to the school. This is to help the research identify some
architectural elements that may be missing, hidden, or damaged during the
research at Sekolah Kebangsaan Tanjung Malim.

Finally, the study method's accomplishments and limits are
discussed in the final chapter. This chapter also covers the study's
summary of findings and research. Following the analysis of this school,
several recommendations for future changes in this school's study have
also been made.

6

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Bangunan SKTM, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Tanjung Malim, Perak

CHAPTER 2: METHODOLOGY

2.1 Introduction

In this chapter, will be explained about the methodology used
throughout this course, AAR 3102 Heritage Studies 2021/2022 in general
and the study of Sekolah Kebangsaan Tanjung Malim. The methodology
includes the preparation of the course, selection of building, fieldwork,
documentation progress and presentation findings.

2.2 Methodology

Heritage studies is a collaborative effort to complete the task and
objectives within the time span allotted. A group is assigned to particular
separate teams and bureaus, which include multimedia, technical, research,
and catalogue teams who have been given a certain duty and requirements
to complete. The phases begin with course preparation, followed by
building selection, fieldwork, documentation, and presentation of findings.

Figure 2.1: Phases of Heritage Studies 2021/2022. Retrieved on 12 November
2021.

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Bangunan SKTM, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Tanjung Malim, Perak

2.2.1 Pre-Fieldwork into sub-groups. The task's assignments were determined by the students'
preferences and the lecturers' capacities. Technical group, cataloguing
Pre-fieldwork is the inception of Heritage Studies. This stage group, report group, and multimedia group are the four sub-groups within
began in 2019 during the first year of studies and continued until the each heritage group. The number of students in each sub-group will be
fieldwork stage. determined by the task's requirements.

a. Preparation for the course Each student in the representative group was responsible for
covering the costs of the Heritage Studies, including transportation,
The course is designed as a research and group learning centred lodging, and daily expenses such as food and beverages while on the field,
course. A group of roughly 21 students conducts research on the building as well as any fees incurred during the documentation and presentation of
chosen by the teachers. The number of students in a school is determined the findings. Furthermore, each group was encouraged to earn cash in
by the building's complexity and scale. Due to the pandemic Covid-19, order to cover the costs of the Heritage Studies. In addition, the treasurer
three groups within UPSI in Tanjung Malim are working on distinct of the representative group collected money on a monthly basis.
typologies and different buildings for the Heritage studies 2021/22.

In the case of study for Sekolah Kebangsaan Tanjung Malim,
Perak, the group consisted of 21 students. Assigned jobs split the students

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Bangunan SKTM, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Tanjung Malim, Perak

Figure 2.2: Organisation Chart for Heritage Studies 2021/2022. Retrieved on 12 November 202

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Bangunan SKTM, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Tanjung Malim, Perak

b. Selection of Buildings and organising logistics for the fieldwork are also part of the
reconnaissance. Moreover, a few members of the group took part in the
Heritage Studies 2021/2022 requires all groups to conduct reconnaissance.
research to find appropriate buildings to research. For the lecturer's
permission, each group provided various buildings. Each group had to find In the case of Heritage Studies 2021/2022, however, it was
structures that meet specific criteria: decided that the structures to be investigated should be in the states or
close to universities as a preventative measure due to the COVID-19
● Buildings should be at least 100 years old for a location outside epidemic. Only the Heritage Studies were recced by all three parties on the
Malaysia, and at 80 years for buildings in Malaysia. permitted buildings, as the buildings applied the Standard Operation
Procedure (SOP). SOP was in charge of the procedures for entering the
● Building of architectural significance buildings. Because the number of individuals allowed to visit during the
● Buildings must be built by or for the Muslim community. recce process is limited, all groups were forced to acquire permission from
● Buildings should be of suitable size or complexity for the number the appropriate buildings.

of students in the group. Table 2.1 shows the finding from the recces studies for the course.
● The building proposed should be within a short distance from Three buildings namely Sekolah Kebangsaan Tanjung Malim (SKTM),
Rumah Pengetua MPSI , and Rumah Pengetua SITC in Tanjung Malim.
accommodation and allow convenience logistics.
● Buildings should be within the district of the university due to

COVID-19 pandemic.

Following the students' identification of potential buildings, a
recce of the buildings was conducted. The reconnaissance is crucial
because it provides a greater perspective and understanding of the
structure in terms of its condition, complexity, scale and size, placement in
relation to its surroundings, and ownership. Finding prospective lodging

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Bangunan SKTM, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Tanjung Malim, Perak

Table 2.1: List of Buildings and Chosen During Recess d. Undertaking the risk

State Buildings Before the fieldwork began, the students held workshops for each
sub-group, including technical, cataloguing, report, and multimedia. The
UPSI, Tanjung Malim, 1. Bangunan SKTM workshop was held and attended by all of the students in order to instruct
Perak 2. Rumah Pengetua MPSI them on how to measure and document the building under study during the
3. Rumah Pengetua SITC pre-fieldwork, fieldwork, and post-fieldwork phases. Each sub-group was
given specific responsibilities to complete. The workshop's major goal was
c. Logistic to familiarise students with techniques such as measured drawings,
cataloguing, report writing, and multimedia presentation, as well as a basic
During the proposal of the selected structures near Tanjung Malim, grasp of their assignment before and after fieldwork. Lecturers or alumni
logistics for the fieldwork were developed. Accommodation options within who have completed the course organised the workshops.
15 minutes of the building. The chosen lodging should be adjacent to the
building study, have a space or room for working, discussion, and Preparation is critical since it impacts the success and smoothness
presentation during the checkpoint, have easy access to meals, and be of the fieldwork workflow. Each sub-leaders group was in charge of
simple. creating a Gantt chart and organising the job for the group's members. The
Gantt chart served as a reference for the members during the fieldwork,
Transportation to the studied building should be convenient for and it was reshuffled according to the demands. The leaders briefed all of
students to commute from their place of residence. The students proposed the group members before the journey began.
and scheduled transportation for seven days or working on site for
fieldwork as soon as the building studies chosen were finalised. e. Equipments

Several items of equipment are required during fieldwork.
According to their designated task, each group team prepared the

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Bangunan SKTM, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Tanjung Malim, Perak

appropriate equipment. The fieldwork task was divided into four parts, its evolution, construction materials, and other architectural elements that
each of which was assigned to one of four teams: other members had noted. The leader and members organised and oversaw
on-site activities in order to gather as much information as feasible.
1. Research Team
2. Technical team The findings of the crew were presented in a report on the
3. Multimedia team Bangunan SKTM, Tanjung Malim. With the support of the multimedia
4. Catalogue team team, the team was also in charge of generating a short book that presented
5. Quartermaster the findings.

1. Research Team 2. Technical team

The research team was in charge of conducting research and The technical team at Tanjung Malim, Perak, was in charge of
gathering data on the building under investigation, including its cultural measuring and recording the physical characteristics of Bangunan SKTM.
and geographic context, history, location and surrounding surroundings, Before focusing on their separate jobscopes, all members of the group
and architecture. The team gathered information and documents as much were involved in the documenting of the building. The technical team was
as possible to understand what elements affected the structure of the in charge of measuring and documenting the entire structure using
building. The information found would be shared to the other teams in the technical drawings such as plans, elevations, sections, construction details
group to have the same concrete understanding of the building. Due to the and specifications, decoration details, carvings, and sketches.
building's antiquity at the time of recording, the crew was required to
interview locals, historians, family members of the building's owner, state The physical elements of the specified building are documented in
archives and museums, and anyone who knew about the structure. two stages. The initial stage entails scaled freehand drawings or sketches
of the buildings, as illustrated in Figure 2.2, which were created on the
The report team was also responsible for obtaining any spot while the Bangunan SKTM was being measured. The second stage
information for papers related to the construction of the Bangunan SKTM, entails converting the drawings to CAD (Computer-Aided Design)
drawings once the scaled freehand drawings or sketches have been

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Bangunan SKTM, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Tanjung Malim, Perak

validated, as shown in Figure 2.4. To turn the designs into CAD drawings, Figure 2.4: The Second Phase of Measured Drawing Using AutoCad. Retrieved
you'll need a laptop or personal computer. on 21 December 2021

Figure 2.3: Initial Stage of Scaled Freehand Drawings or Sketches of The Table 2.2: List of Equipment Needed by Technical Team
Buildings. Retrieved on 22 December 2021
No. Equipment
1. Measuring Tape
2.. Electronic Distance Measurement (EDM)
3. Scale Bar
4. A3 sized butter paper and papers (for draft and sketches

of the building and detailed elements)
5. Rope
6. Laptop and Printer
7. Torchlight
8. Safety Helmet
9. Safety Jacket
9. Compass

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Bangunan SKTM, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Tanjung Malim, Perak

3. Multimedia team 4. Catalogue Team

The members of the multimedia team are in charge of photography All members of the Catalogue Team were informed on the division
and filming. To better carry out their jobs, the team members are outfitted of labour and task planning prior to the fieldwork. Each group had created
with cameras, audio recorders, tripods, and drones. The team members A3 templates for sketches and measured drawings that would be taken to
were responsible for creating and finishing the logos and banners prior to the construction site. Each group's cataloguing leader purchased and
the site visit. Table 2.3 was also used to double-check the equipment list. compiled stationery and materials for the trip, as well as reviewing the
To ensure that all of the equipment was in good working order. equipment list stated in Table 2.4.

Table 2.3: List of Equipment for Multimedia Team Table 2.4: List of Equipment for Catalogue Team

No. Equipment No. Equipment

1. Camera 1. A4 Paper

2. Panning Stabiliser/Gimbal 2.. A3 Paper

3. Personal Computer/Laptop 3. Pencils

4. Slider 4. Black Marker

5. Audio Recorder 5. Tagging Stickers

6. Tripods 6. File

7. Drone 7. Plasticine

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Bangunan SKTM, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Tanjung Malim, Perak

8. Plastic SKTM is the scarcity of reputable sources and structured details
9. Butter Paper that have been written down and documented. To gather as much
knowledge and information on the building as possible, the study
5. Quartermaster team used a variety of methods.

Quartermasters were in charge of identifying the equipment 1. Visit Arkib Negara in Kuala Lumpur
needed for fieldwork in each group. The safety helmet, safety jacket, 2. Review the literature findings on the history of Tanjung
multimedia equipment, printers, and laptops were among the items that
were required to be taken to the job site. Before leaving and returning from Malim.
the job site, the person in charge will inspect the equipment. 3. Visit National Library in Kuala Lumpur
4. Visit IIUM Gombak Library
2.2.2 Fieldwork 5. Visit Jabatan Ukur dan Pemetaan (JUPEM)
6. Interview with :
The fieldwork was conducted during Heritage Studies 1 in
Semester 1 from 8/11/2021 until 13/11/2021. ● Alumni of Bangunan SKTM
● Historians with knowledge regarding the history
a. Research Team
of Bangunan SKTM and UPSI
The Research Team is in charge of gathering information ● Staff of the building.
and documenting the research facilities. One of the most
significant challenges in obtaining information about Bangunan Figure 2.5 shows an interview session with the former
officer of Majlis Perbandaran Tanjung Malim, Encik Tarmizi. The
interview session was held at Masjid Kampung Kubu Lama,
Tanjung Malim.

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Bangunan SKTM, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Tanjung Malim, Perak

b. Technical Team

The technical team employed measurement tape,
Electronic Distance Measurement (EDM), a laser distance, and
scale bar to measure the building, while circular elements were
measured with rope and ruler.

Figure 2.5: Interview Session with Encik Tarmizi. Retrieved on 22 Figure 2.6: Process of Measuring every Detail of Bangunan SKTM.
December 2021 Retrieved on 22 December 2021

It was required to apply a variety of retrieval methods in During the measuring process, the team encountered some
order to acquire as much trustworthy information as feasible. A difficulties, including the inability to measure the roof structure
review of information gathered from books, newspapers, old and slope in detail due to a roof structural issue and an unreachable
articles, academic papers, and ancient drawings and sketches region that compelled the technical team to use a ladder. A drone
assisted in providing a clearer picture of the structure. The
discussion with people who knew the structure at the time yielded 17
information on specific features such as its history, construction
date, and development.

Bangunan SKTM, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Tanjung Malim, Perak

was also utilised, with the help of the multimedia team, to capture
the building from the top as well as its structural aspects. The
photos were used to determine and construct the building's site
plan, roof plan, and other parameters.

Figure 2.7: Discussion among Technical Members. Figure 2.8: Process of Recording The Measurement Data.
Retrieved on 22 December 2021 Retrieved on 22 December 2021

The measurements were then written down on A3-sized butter
papers as a draught. After all of the measurements were double-checked
and validated, AutoCad, Revit, and Sketch Up were used to create 2D and
3D designs.

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b. Multimedia Team Bangunan SKTM, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Tanjung Malim, Perak

the Multimedia Team in categorising the images and videos to
ensure that no footage is lost.

Aside from that, the team members were in charge of
photographing the building and its surroundings. This is
significant since it will make the planning process of measurement
drawings easier for the technical team members.

c. Catalogue Team

Figure 2.9: Multimedia Team Captures The Elements of Bangunan SKTM. Figure 2.10: Process of Tracing Ventilation Panels by Catalogue Team.
Retrieved on 23 December 2021 Retrieved on 22 December 2021

As shown in Figure 2.9, the team members capture the The collection of all aspects of the building being
appearance of Bangunan SKTM, as well as the surrounding setting investigated, including columns, beams, windows, doors, and
of the building and the community nearby. The photographs and decoration, were labelled and marked by the team. This will make
videos are all used as study references and evidence.
19
The members of the team also participated in the Report
Team's interview sessions for the goal of recording and
documenting them. Members of the report team, who have access
to the majority of the building's information and research, assist

Bangunan SKTM, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Tanjung Malim, Perak

it easier for the technical team to generate measured drawings. a. Report
Colored stickers with printed codes showing their location in the
building under investigation are used in this procedure. The data and information collected during the fieldwork
were analysed and incorporated into a report and books. To help
During the fieldwork, the Catalogue Team gathered and readers understand the data, it was organised according to the
documented a collection of butter papers comprising the group timeline's chronological order.
members' architectural measurements and sketches.
The paper includes thorough information on Bangunan
2.2.3 Documentation SKTM, a literature assessment, as well as the site material and
historical context that led to the building's development. The
The documentation of findings through measured drawings, report team produces three sorts of books: a long report, a short
papers, and multimedia presentations is the third part of legacy research. book, and a Turath, which summarises the findings from all three
Following the compilation of the fieldwork phase, the documentation step buildings under consideration for the year 2021.
commences. In Semester 1, half of the documentation was completed, and
in Semester 2 of 2021/2022, the second half of the documentation was To acquire as much information as possible, a continual
completed. literature study was conducted throughout the process. The
collected data was analysed and compared to the data gathered
Plans, elevations, sections, and construction details were during the fieldwork. For information that could not be identified,
documented and digitised as technical drawings in AutoCad. All of the deductions and hypotheses were made and analysed with the help
drawings, sketches, photographs, and videos were gathered and of case studies. Every other week, draughts of the report were
catalogued. The data on Bangunan SKTM was also analysed and provided presented for review and evaluation to ensure that the information
in the form of a report, measured drawings, categorising papers and files, was adequate. Meetings with all members of the report team were
and multimedia presentation. To measure the progress of work, the tasks held on a regular basis to keep everyone up to date on the status of
were consulted at two different Critique sessions.
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Bangunan SKTM, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Tanjung Malim, Perak

the report and to resolve any issues that arose during the writing There are two sets of drawings that were produced by
process. Technical team;

b. Measured Drawings i. Drawings of the building at present time (2021)
ii. Drawings of the building according to the ‘locked date’
The Technical Team used AutoCad to create a complete (1930) set by the Research Team (based on the final
set of measured drawings, including plans, elevations, sections, relocation date and completion date of the building and/or
construction details, and three-dimensional drawings, based on the the date at which the building was at its complete
drafted measured drawings and sketches produced during the condition.)
fieldwork. Some of the most important and basic drawings and
sketches created during the fieldwork phase to assure measurement c. Model
accuracy. The Technical Team would refer any missing
information on the physical aspects of Bangunan SKTM to the As part of the course requirements, a physical 3-D model
Multimedia Team and, in particular, the Report Team for of Bangunan SKTM is built. The model is created using a 3-D
additional information. The Report Team was in charge of printer and laser cutting machine, then physically glued together
gathering all information pertaining to the building based on their by the Technical Team based on the building's completion year.
research and case studies.
d. Multimedia Presentation

Bangunan SKTM's documentation is not just confined to
drawings and records, but also includes multimedia
documentation. The multimedia group was tasked with creating
interactive stories that would depict the structures understudy in a
plot based on the subject that the three groups had established. The

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Bangunan SKTM, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Tanjung Malim, Perak

theme chosen for Heritage Studies 2021/2022 is 'HAYAT’, which e. Catalogue
stands for Humanising Architecture in the Establishment of
Yesterday's Academia for Nation's Teachers. By the end of the Cataloguing entails recording the entire process of
semester, each group had to produce a movie, trailer, or teaser of measuring drawings and gathering information during fieldwork
the building to be shown during the exhibition. and documentation. The catalogue crew was in charge of properly
documenting, coding, tagging, and arranging the sketches and
During the fieldwork, all images and videos were tracing papers. Box files were used to store all of the compilations.
collected and catalogued. The multimedia team, with the help of The decorative tracings were folded neatly and placed in an
the report team, created a narration and storyboard that envelope, classified and labelled appropriately, as did the other
corresponded to the images and videos, as they have extensive documents.
information on the building inspection.
2.2.4 Critique Sessions
The multimedia crew was also in charge of photographing
and documenting the structure. This method is significant because The documentation process for Bangunan SKTM and the other
it gives the Technical Team a visual reference to aid them in two buildings under consideration went through several stages. The
developing measured drawings. Similarly, drone photographs critique sessions, for example, took place during and after fieldwork.
provide information about the building's roof, which was difficult There are a total of four critique sessions, two of which were held in
to get because it was not visible from the ground and there was no Semester 1 and the other two in Semester 2 prior to the final evaluation.
safe access to the roof. The photos were featured in the long The Criticism meetings were significant since they allowed us to keep
report, short book, and 'Turath.' track of our work's progress, percentage of completion, and data accuracy.
In most critique sessions, all of the course's advisers and supervisors were
present.

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Bangunan SKTM, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Tanjung Malim, Perak

2.2.5 Exhibition event, all students were required to participate in the exhibition's
preparation.
The Heritage Studies course culminates in an exhibition, which
brings together all of the information and experience obtained throughout Table 2.5: Task Division of Each Bureau of The Exhibition Committee
the Bachelor of Science in Architectural Studies. It was put on by students
from all groups to show off the results of our research. Bureau Task

On the other hand, during the exhibition, all work done on Manager ● Preparing and submitting the
Bangunan SKTM was displayed, including measured drawings, catalogue proposal to the Head of
documentation, presentation drawings of plans, sections, elevations, and Department.
perspectives, report, books, model, sketches, and video, with the goal of
raising public awareness about heritage buildings and highlighting the ● Selecting the appropriate theme
beauty of architecture and civilization in the Islamic world. for the exhibition.

The term ‘HAYAT’ was selected as the theme for the 22nd ● Finalising the date of the
Architectural Heritage Studies, 2021/2022. The word is an abbreviation of exhibition.
Humanising Architecture in the Establishment of Yesteryear’s Academia
for Nation's Teachers. Programme ● Distributing tasks during the
Coordinator exhibition days.
The exhibition equips students with the opportunity to enhance
their event-planning skills. Even before the fieldwork, a committee was Publication and ● Promote the event in various
created. The committee creates an exhibition proposal, a rough timetable,
and a financial estimate for the event. A few months before the fieldwork, Production media socials; Facebook, Twitter,
the proposal was submitted to the faculty for approval. Until the day of the
Instagram

● Produce a teaser trailer for the

upcoming exhibition, countdown

and short video, and documentary

before the event.

23

Special Event ● Plan the itinerary. Bangunan SKTM, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Tanjung Malim, Perak
● Associate with VVIP or other
Special Task 2.3 Summary
universities
Preparation and ● Ensure the event planning act It may be inferred that the organisation and execution of AAR
Technical 3102 and AAR 3204/AAR 3302 Heritage Studies 2021/2022 were
follows the protocol during the meticulously prepared before they began.
Sponsorship official event.
● Prepare the exhibition brief for the Due to the present pandemic crisis, which necessitates a tight
guest. ability to follow SOPs, the buildings chosen for each group were carefully
picked to provide the greatest possible outcome within the course limits.
● Responsible for gifts and token of
appreciation/certificate. Overall, this course taught students of various work scopes key
Critical abilities in measured drawings and heritage studies. Aside from
● Arrange a proper flow of the event that, students learnt leadership and cooperative qualities that they can
and layout of the exhibition. apply in the future. This course's outcome is the documentation process
and presentation of findings, which demonstrates the student's ability to
● Brainstorming the related generate an output that is both useful and interactive in both written and
sponsorship. presentation form.

Public Relation ● Finding sponsors for each bureau
and exhibitions.

● Listing relevant guests.
● Deliver invitations to VVIPs and

other guests.

24

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Bangunan SKTM, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Tanjung Malim, Perak

CHAPTER 3.0: CONTEXTUAL STUDIES administration was transferred to the British legally, under the British
Dutch Agreement 1824. During the same period of time, on the other side
3.1 Introduction of Tanah Melayu, the British East India Company was established in
Kedah Tua after the agreement with Sultan Abdullah.
Bangunan SKTM is located in Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris,
Tanjung Malim, Perak, Malaysia. This chapter aims to provide a summary Traces of Muslim merchants and missionaries were found as early
of the location of study, which includes the background history, climatic as the 7th century, where their traces can be found spread out in a few
conditions, geography, and the arrival of Islam. This chapter will start regions of the Malay archipelago (Abidin et al., 2012). Although some
broadly and will be narrowed down based on the study location while also theories strongly agreed that Islam began to spread in Tanah Melayu due to
discussing the culture, economy, and lifestyle of the people. the trading activities done by the Arab and Indrian traders (Hays, 2008).
The arrival of the Muslim traders that spread Islamic teachings brought an
3.2 Arrival of Islam in Tanah Melayu end to the era of Hinduism and Buddhism that used to be the dominant
religion in Tanah Melayu. The gradual spread of Islam started with the
Tanah Melayu has been known as “Golden Chersonese” (Land of elites embracing the religion and slowly was accepted by the community
Gold), from stories by the ancestors, where it was a land inhabited by the in a peaceful way (Hays, 2008).
Malay people and ruled by the Sultanates (Sham Rambley, 2013). From
that name, Tanah Melayu was considered as a centre of trading attraction Arab and Indian merchants have spread Sunni Islam widely
for outside merchants from India, Arab, and China. With the natural riches throughout Southeast Asia throughout the years of the 13th to 17th
and resources in Tanah Melayu, it attracted people and power from outside century. Islam offered social improvements through spiritual dedication,
to come and colonise Tanah Melayu. and additionally Islam and its way of living had much appeal to the
merchants in the coastal regions of Southeast Asia.
In 1511, Malacca fell under the hands of the Portuguese people,
followed by the Dutch colonisation from 1641 till the early 19th century. The first spread of Islam came through with the rise of Malacca.
Meanwhile, Tanah Melayu was under the British colony. In 1824, Malacca Malacca became a main trading centre in Southeast Asia, while at the
same time spreading throughout coastal Malaya and eastern Sumatera.

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Bangunan SKTM, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Tanjung Malim, Perak

Malacca also became the regional center for the rapid increase of Islam. As it is located in the west coast of the Malay Peninsular, Perak
Malacca’s political and religious influence reached its peak under the has always been notable by its triumphant history dating back to
command of Tun Perak, who served as chief minister (1456-1498). During prehistoric times (Perak Tourism, n.d). Various versions of the history of
his authority, Islam became more widespread through many more states, Perak and how it got its name exists. According to some historians, the
such as Johor, Kedah, Perak, Pahang, and Terengganu. origin of the name Perak came from the name of the great Malaccan
Bendahara, Tun Perak; as a tribute to his deeds, some argue that it came
In the 15th century, the people who embrace Islam as a religion from a silver glimmer that can be found from the fishes in the sea.
call themselves the “Malays” (Melayu). Hence, the term Malay is used to However, regardless of those opinions, the name of Perak still reflects the
the people who practice Islam and can speak Bahasa Melayu (Malay hidden rich treasures found in the land. Besides that, Perak also has a rich
Language). From then on, the standards to be considered as a Malay is by history that people would be interested in.
religious and linguistic abilities instead of family background. Therefore,
people who have converted can identify themselves as a Malaya despite It has been proven that Perak existed around the prehistoric era.
their ancestry (Ahmad, 2021). Kota Tampan in Lenggong is the only confirmation of Perak’s existence
since the Palaeolithic Age in Tanah Melayu, ranging from 400,000 to
3.3 The History of Perak 8,000 years B.C. Through these years, Perak went through many series of
evolutions and developments. Other proof that strongly confirmed Perak’s
Known to be “The Abode of Grace”, Perak Darul Ridzuan is one existence during the prehistoric era, precisely the Stone Age, is the
of Malaysia’s 13 states situated on the west coast of the Malay Peninsula. findings of tools made from stone and a human fossil known as the “Perak
The state has land that borders Thailand’s Yala and Narathiwat provinces Man.” Following the period as mentioned above, Perak has also
to the northeast, Selangor to the south, Kelantan and Pahang to the east, experienced the Hoabinhian Era, eventually the Neolithic and Metal Age,
and the Straits of Malacca to the west. Perak has eleven districts in total, which findings of the specific era can prove. After some time, it was
which are Kinta, Larut, Manjung, Hilir Perak, Kerian, Batang Padang, expected that the Hindu and Buddha era came into being throughout the
Kuala Kangsar, Perak Tengah, Hulu Perak, Kampar, Bagan Datuk and time of the other states in Tanah Melayu.
Mualim, with Ipoh being the capital city of Perak.

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Bangunan SKTM, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Tanjung Malim, Perak

From there on, the historical sphere of Perak progressed a step Over time, Perak became more prominent following the discovery
further with the emergence of local governments or districts, namely of tin in Larut by Cik Long Jaafar in 1848 (Kerajaan Negeri Perak, n.d).
Beruas, Manjung, and Janin (Hulu Perak under the reign of Tun Saban), This resulted in many mines being opened in Perak and the flourishing of
Manjung and Beruas were Malaccan territories. This was also when Islam the local economy. On the other hand, rubber plantation also played a
began to spread its roots deeply in Perak. Although the Malaccan significant role in the development of Perak and is still being planted today
Kingdom had fallen into the hands of the Portuguese, this terrified the even after 34 sultans have reigned in Perak. The notable rise in economic
three areas as they feared to be colonised by the Portuguese. Thus the growth brought a positive impact to Perak, along came the birth of
Chief of Manjung at that time, Tok Mahsuka, met with the Beruas District multicultural society, specifically the Chinese, who came because of the
General to unite their forces into one state under a specific name, which is mining area. Furthermore, the British were also profoundly interested in
‘The State Of Perak’, In remembrance of the greatness of Malacca and the Perak. They intervened with the Pangkor Treaty, signed in 1874,
services of Bendahara Tun Perak. However at that time, the state had no legitimising British control over the Malay rulers.
king, so Tun Saban was sent to meet Sultan Mahmud Shah (Sultan of
Malacca who fled to Kampar, Sumatra) to request for one of his sons to The Malay States became very unstable even after the Japanese
become the Sultan of Perak. Hence, Sultan Mahmud Shah sent his son, occupation, which doubled with the birth of nationalism amongst the
King Muzzafar Shah, to become the King of Perak. On that account, the people of Malaya that demanded independence. The British, however,
actual phase of history for Perak started in 1528, when Sultan Muzaffar remained in power by introducing a few administration systems, such as
Syah I was declared the Sultan of Perak. From the descendants of Sultan the Malayan Union in 1946. On the other hand, both local commoners and
Muzzafar Shah, the Perak Sultanate began and developed until today. state officials still fought hard to bring down the British system until
Although the Perak Sultanate started and developed into a substantial finally, the British declared the independence of Tanah Melayu in 1957.
unity, other local governments during that time also remained strong. The independence brought rapid developments to all the Malay states,
Meanwhile, the administration system chosen and practised came from the especially Perak, that continued to grow to this day after 34 reigns of
Malacca Sultanate. sultans consecutively.

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Bangunan SKTM, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Tanjung Malim, Perak

3.4 The Muallim District
Muallim is the eleventh new administrative district in Perak. It

covers 93,434.65 hectares and consists of 69,639 people (Pejabat Daerah
dan Tanah Muallim, 2021). Most of the land was used as agriculture land
which takes up 51%. The in-charge local authority is Majlis Daerah
Tanjong Malim, located in Bandar Behrang. Majlis Daerah Tanjong Malim
is responsible for planning and delivering high-quality, cost-effective
municipal services that contribute to a healthy environment and control
development following the established policies and guidelines.

Figure 3.1: Districts of Perak
(Source: Wikipedia Commons, 2016 )

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Bangunan SKTM, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Tanjung Malim, Perak

3.4.1 History of Muallim Figure 3.2: Muallim District Area
(Source: Pejabat daerah dan Tanah Muallim, 2021)
Before it was known as Muallim, the district was a part of Batang
Padang district that includes three districts: Slim, Hulu Bernam Timur dan The parliament is in Tanjung Malim with two State Legislative
Hulu Bernam Barat. However, on October 1, 2015, Muallim district Assemblies: Slim and Behrang. Slim River and Tanjung Malim were
gazetted, and later, in December 2015, the first district officer, Nor Sham included in the Batang Padang District Administration, but now they are
Rahman, was appointed. Following the event, Muallim successively was known as two towns in the Muallim district beside Behrang and Proton
declared as one of Perak's districts. The declaration of the Muallim district City. After Tanjung Malim, Slim River is the second biggest city in
as the 11th administrative district in the state of Perak was made by Duli Southern Perak, roughly 20 kilometres north of Tanjung Malim and 100
Yang Maha Mulia Paduka Seri Sultan of Perak, Sultan Nazrin Muizzuddin kilometres south of Ipoh.
Shah on 11th January 2016 (Perak State Government,2021).

Muallim district consists of various religious, ethnic, cultural
backgrounds and residents from multiple professions and different degrees
of socio-economic achievement. The origin of the Muallim word comes
from the Arabic word meaning teacher. It is related to a knowledgeable
person, a person who is an expert in religion. The name was given in
correlation with the historical background of the district where Sultan Idris
Training College or well-known as SITC, was officially established in
November 1922. SITC is a central teacher training college for Malay
teachers that developed the education of Malay during the
pre-independence period of Malaya (Perak Hari Ini, 2021).

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Bangunan SKTM, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Tanjung Malim, Perak

Muallim also has the potential to become a fast-growing district in benefited the territory, but it was also to set up a fort (Kubu) to fend off the
Perak's southern area. It is expected to be a rapidly developing district northern Perak Sultanate threat.
based on existing economic activities and industrial planning, such as the
automobile industry. The industry is now grown in a township called Figure 3.3: Tanjung Malim Map in 1870
Proton City, which covers the manufacturing industry and consists of (Yellow blocks= Kg. Kubu)
residential, commercial, plantation, and institutional development.

3.5 Tanjung Malim

This section discussed the history, morphology, climate and
geography of Tanjung Malim and changes from late 1800’s to the current
year.

3.5.1 Introduction to Tanjung Malim

Tanjung Malim is a town in the south of Perak, which borders the
State of Selangor. It is surrounded by hills of (Titiwangsa Range) and
seems to be a strategic location. The distance from Tanjung Malim to the
south region is equivalent to the south part of the peninsula and is located
between the most developed cities, Kuala Lumpur and Ipoh. Among other
things, the land itself is fertile, which was great for agriculture and
settlement (Sejarah Tanjong Malim, 2020). In 1790, Tanjung Malim was
started with an early settlement near Sungai Bernam, namely Kampung
Kubu (Fort Village) .It was not only because of the fertilisation of land that

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Bangunan SKTM, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Tanjung Malim, Perak

Before being known as one of the regions in Perak, Kampung In 1871, the river was the main transportation route for the Malay
Kubu was part of the Selangor colonial area as the southern province of merchants to run their businesses. They brought trade such as rattan, resin,
Perak was controlled by Selangor. Later in 1870, Kampung Kubu (figure food, and clothing with their boats.
3.6) was opened by the leader of the Rawa people from Raub Pahang, Haji
Mustapa Bin Raja Kemala. He and his group fled from Pahang as he did In 1879, the name Tanjung Malim was given by Tuan List, a
not want to get involved in the civil war between Bendarahara Wan British representative of the Strait Settlement, and Raja Itam Bin Raja
Mutahir and Bendahara Wan Ahmad. Wan Ahmad was able to seize the Onus, Ketua Sabak Bernam. Tanjung was given based on the area's
throne of Pahang from his brother with the support of Khatib Rasul, Tok location, while Malim was referred to as Muslim residents that obediently
Gajah and other Rawa people (Shafie et al., 2018). performed prayers derived from the Arabic word. Since then, Tanjung
Malim continued to develop as a town, and many British colonial
Few years later, the children of Wan Mutahir had conspired with influences affected the town's architectural styles. The tax office and
Raja Mahadi from Selangor and a group of Rawa people from Raub to police station were relocated from Kuala Slim to Tanjung Malim in 1885.
launch a counter-offensive. Haji Mustafa Raja Kemala arrived in Perak
with his supporters at this time because he did not want to be a part of the Some of the earliest schools in Tanjung Malim are Sekolah
alliance against Sultan Wan Ahmad, which was backed by Khatib Rasul Kebangsaan Tanjung Malim known as SITC Training School and
and Tok Gajah. Haji Mustafa was the first and powerful chief. He built a Methodist English School. Tanjung Malim reached its peak in 1922 with
large fort on the other side of the river now known as Kampung Kubu and the establishment of Sultan Idris Training College (SITC), and it has been
three small forts near Gumut after Wan Mutahir and Raja Mahadi were renowned as an Education Town ever since.
expected to come from Kuala Kubu. After the fort was completed, the
army arrived to attack Tanjong Jambu, and a major battle ensued in
Gumut. Because of Haji Mustafa's reliability, his opponents were defeated
and withdrew to Kuala Kubu and was seized by Tengku Kudin's fighter
Syed Mashur. Then, the settlement of Tanjung Jambu is no longer under
threat.

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Bangunan SKTM, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Tanjung Malim, Perak

Figure 3.4: Tanjung Malim Map in 1922 Figure 3.5: Tanjung Malim Map 1926
(Yellow blocks= Kg. Kubu; Green block= SITC) (Yellow blocks= Kg. Kubu; Green block= SITC)

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