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ແບບຮຽນວິຊາພາສາລາວ

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Published by done.pk86, 2022-06-14 01:17:41

ຕຳລາຮຽນປະຖົມ ປ5

ແບບຮຽນວິຊາພາສາລາວ

7e4k, ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ

!D gxoa sp’a ,t3slfq 9’jb 7fy 1kdlkh ’lk]ks’a^ .\Lj
@D rkp.olk]kxtdv[f;h psp’a cfLj
#D []= gy ;ovvh ,lk]k,su p’a cfLj

0Pom;kp

9’qj 0Pom;kpg],uj c8j lk]k4ndlhk’0BoDDD v5mypko0v’rtvyoD
7e4k,
!D ]adltot0v’|hk,5dgxaoco;.fL
@D 1v6j hv,lk]kgroyj pa’wfhgIafspa’vudL
#D 0v[ltd+fh;pspa’ c]t ,u9ad7qfL

!? 9’qj g]kqj g]nvj ’7noD
@? 9’jq 0Pog]vnj ’7no8k,mwuj fgh 9kQ 3fpsp=.h lxj B,0Po0v’8oq D

98

[qfmu #@
’k,g,nv’]k;

safvjko

zon czoj foy ]kh o-kh ’ ]P[/’ja lkp0v’ ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ
IP,oxU v’xo5 Ida sIj= ’y IP’-vh o
[4+ kj p4vo9vopkh p w]]kgsou skj ’
/a’/kd-u;yf/oA 0oa -;kh o-pj6 k,
mP,m+r=xko
’k,.lgf9tmP[gmkQ gzkqj rq’raog-Nv
[kh ogdfu g,vn ’ovogokq sv,cr’rPo]O
gzvjn czgj 9vn 9kos,h5 ;k’w;ch zoj ]k;
’k,m’a me,t-kflkh ’ c-,lvfxtgrou
lvj ’cl’.lc9’h
l]y txtpkj ;cp,h ]tfg6 4y’mP;mvj ’
;fa mtotmegInv’lu [+,gu vvN ,v,ju \k’
c,’h g,vjn ;oa ;Pog0kQ ,o6 ,’jy ,=]tfqd
Iufly[lv’gdkjq dU g[’ja [kog|vn .8h

clovf5 ,q s^kdgsv^hn ,
x-6 topu tlt4ko;fa 4[5 I6 ko

99

lkpoE.lsk^ pgloA xo5 gxoa lkpg]vn f ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ
[g+ 7pu gspu gsvn fcs’h ]tf6c]h’];j ’/qo c]ok
w,xh kj rtokg0qk
co,g[’jy gfp]tfkf8oQ dvj ’0P;fqdfQ;
’k,[g+ [kq [k’[dq foy ]k;0uow0;j
1kpm;jq gmy’r,6 roN 7vp7E77j6 P’
-a[rtpkdvoxkj w,h dvh ’lt|oja ooa f’q
|;j p,t3s]8u vh ’
g]kt37dlP’odq Ivh ’ -to3u sps;ol’jq
xko;kj ;’q foq 8u ,ulfa g8kQ v’ja v=
gxafxvj ’dkg;qkvhP’ g7vn pkf7tok]k;
rq’rtokfkj ofkh ; f’aj fP;3fpcmh
[+c/’/’a g]sj P^j ,
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m5dgzqkj zq’cr’rP’ X3fpG rD r;’lt[k?
’k,dtcl.9c9’h
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vtmy[kpla[

w]]k G xvj pxtF ]t4U,D
rq’rao G rouj vh ’mluj n[g-Nvlkp8d=j oa ,kD
g9vn 9ko G v5f|6oF gznjvczFj c[’j xao.shD
rq’rtok G xkj F xkj .spfj q’|kD
,t3s]u G gl[’aofh;pg7nvj ’fqo8u fufFluF 8uF gxqkj D

7e4k,

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100

safc8j’ ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ

37’Ikj ’[qfrao]tokmafltouptrk[ Xrk[me,t-kf?

sq;[qfG xjkw,h
dD gxufsq;g]njv’
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{ zoq ltmvoh 9kddkome]kpxkj D
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{ dko[q;]t[afxkj w,hD

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!D 9q’j c8’j [qfrao]tokrk[me,t-kfdP;j da[xkj w,h3fpla’gdf8k,37’Ikj ’
0kh ’gm’y oDU

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101

[qfmu ## ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ
dv’ma[xt-k-qo]k;

safvjko

;oa mu @W ,’a dvo c,oj ;oa dv’m[a xt-k-oq ]k;F xdu kpoU 76 c]t oda IPowf9h fa 8’A
daowxv;prvo;aofaj’djk; grnjvgxaodko]tobdg4y’75o’k,7;k,fu0v’oadIq[ z6hmuj
wfhglplts^tgrvnj xtgmf-kf1d6j v’mtskoc0;’D

mkh ;lru vo s;Y 0v’0;oa s|+ ’jb -;j p7F6 ]k;vkj o07=h ;k,m8ju fy 1sj6 0+ v’0;oa g-’jy 0Po
;jk 0=,v[cfjvhkpmtskodv’ma[xt-k-qo]k;D mhk;lurvo4k,okp76lucdh;;jk
gxoa sp’a 9’jb gvoU ;kj dv’m[a xt-k-oq ]k;L okp7l6 cu d;h 8v[;kj dv’m[a gIkq gdfu ,k9kd
xt-k-oq ]k; gIfa |kh mxju dq xvh ’-;u fy c]t zoq xt3spf0v’xt-k-oq F f’ja ooA grojy 9’jb .lj
-;nj kj G <dv’ma[xt-k-qo]k;<D

okp76lucdh; pa’ln[8+g]qjkl6joadIPom5d7qo2a’vud;jk dv’ma[xt-k-qo]k;
lhk’8A’0Bog,nvj ;aomu @W ,a’dvo xu !_$_ 16gj 0fmu\j Aoxt8y;afc0;’sq;raoD .oltw\
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102

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gxoa g;]k #W xu 9’jb gIfa .sxh tgmfgIkq wfIh [a dkoxfq xvj p c]t gxoa gvdt]kf7nmd5 ,NoUD
f’ja ooA F gpkq ;t-oq 7rn ;dg9kQ 8vh ’,7u ;k,Idh6 P;j d[a dv’m[a 0v’-kfgIkq .ssh k^ pvdu *{(
xu8+|hk vkp5r;dg9Qkd=9tg4y’dtlPowxgIaf|hkmuvj ao,udPfoAoc]h;D

.ormy vu ;prvo c]t ,v[I[a 0v’0;oa ooA s;q |kh dv’roa dw= fgh ;kQ ;kj ovd9kd
dv’ma[r;dgIqkgIaf|hkmuxj hv’daoxtgmf-kf c]t 7;k,lts’q[l5d0v’xt-k-qo
c]h;vhkpohv’.odv’ma[pa’rhv,daogruj,r6ozt]yfzqoF -j;pxt-k-qox5d3I’\=F
3I’IPo c]t vnoj MD mtskor;dgIqk pk,.fd=,u7;k,-nlj af[=]yl5fF 9q’Iadradfu8+
xt-k-qo l;j ol’yj .fm9uj tgxaozqoglpskp.shcdxj t-k-qoF r;dgIqk9t[+gIafgfaf0kfD

oa[c8,j NoAo,k mhk;lurvo9b’j g0Qk.9;kj 8qogv’wfhI+kIPo1kj ’ltf;dlt[kpF
xt-k-qop6mjk’me,kskdyo c]t lhk’lk[hkog,nv’.om5d,NoU c,jophvomtsko
dv’ma[xt-k-qo]k; g-y’j wfhvqfmqo8+l6h,k1kj ’]e[kdoAogv’ dv’ma[gIqklq,c]h;
mgju xoa dv’m[a xt-k-oq ]k;1kj ’cm9h ’y D
ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ
vtmy[kpla[

xdq xvh ’ G IadlkF xhv’daoD
m\ju oA G m8ju ’A voa c|oh cdoj 0v’dv’m[a D
xt9oa [ko G 8+ldh6 oa |kh 8+|kh D
d6h-kf G 8+lph6 kfgvkq gvdt]kf9kddko7v[7v’0v’8kj ’-kfD

7e4k,

!D dv’m[a xt-k-oq ]k;wfIh [a dkolkh ’8’A 0Bog,vnj .fL 1.j6 lL
@D dko9fa 8’A 0v’3I’IPowxv;prvo;oa f’ja dkj ;grvnj 9f5 xtl’q sp’a L
#D ovd9kdgIfa |kh msuj ^da c];h vkh povh ’.odv’m[a p’a gIfa sp’a vudcfLj

safc8j’

37’Ikj ’[qfrao]tokrk[xkdqfdkome,t-kf

103

sq;[qfG sjk/qo ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ

dD gxufsq;g]njv’
{ g;]k c]t rk[djvo/qo9t8qdD
0D gfuog]njv’
{ lu’j laopko.shI6hxkdqfdkome,t-kfG ltrk[mhv’2hk.og;]k/qo8qdvkdkf
vq[gvQkF ]q,rafDDD
{ dkoxPoj cx’0v’me,t-kfG /qog]u,j 8qdF /qoskj .spj F /qo7vj pgvNvoF /qog-qk
8qdDDD
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rnfco;.fL
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\kpgsfG .og;]krao]tokxkdqfdkome,t-kf g-aoj < [qfskj /qo < 7;ogvqk

.9.lrj k[me,t-kfF dkog7vjn ows;0v’7oq c]t lfa .ork[gmkjq ooA D

0Pom;kp

9q’j 0Pom;kpg]u,j c8j okp76lucdh;DDD vao,udPfoAoc]h;D

7e4k,

!D oda I[q .odv’m[a xt-k-oq ]k;,uoE.9co;.fL
@D g,vnj vkp95 da xug9kQ 9’jb 9twfwh xgIfa |kh mvuj oa ,udPfL

9qj’8v[7e4k,]j5,oUG

!? dkoroa ]tokxkdfq dkome,t-kf8vh ’gvkq .9.lsj p’a cfLj
@? 9’jq dkj p7on 37’Ikj ’[fq roa ]tokxkdfq dkome,t-kf <skj /oq < .lxj ,B 0Po

0v’8oq D

104

[qfmu #$
wxltou

safvjko

ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ

dko16Ij ;j ,dao0v’7qogIqk16.j o3]doU xklt9kddko8yf8+rq;raog-y’j dao c]t
dao[+wfhF 9tgxaol;j o]af4t[ko s^n l;j o[5d7qod=]h;oc8,j u7;k,8hv’dko8yf8+l’qj 0kj ;
7k; c]t l’jq ;fa 4l5 ’jy 0v’wxskdoa D dko[]= dy kol’jq 9fq \kp sn^ l’jy 0v’8kj ’M ooA gvoU ;kj
wxltouD

wxltou c,oj dko8yf8+llnj kom’a rkp.o c]t 8kj ’xtgmfF f’ja ooA 7oq gIkq 9’jb lk
,kflq’j 9qf\kp c]t ly’j 0v’8kj ’M wxskdao c]t daowfhm5d,5,3]dD xk’[6Iko
dkol’jq 9fq \kp9tc,oj 9fq \kpmk’dko sn^ l;j o[d5 7oq d8= vh ’.s7h oq 4wn xl’jq sn^ l’jq 7Pj o
wx8k,[hko8k,g,nv’ grnvj .shIvfxkpmk’D xaf95[aooU16xj tgmfgIqkd=7n8kj ’xtgmf
3fpltgrkt8k,8;q g,vn ’.spj grojy wf8h fy 8’A 8wh6 xltowu ;8h k,c7,mk’F 8k,leoda ’ko

105

v’q dko c]t 8k,lt4komlju kmk]tot8kj ’MD l;j o18j6 k,g,vn ’ovh p sn^ -oq ot[fq m[ju ,+ 8u h6
wxltou d9= t,[u ]5 f5 wxltou l’jq 9fq \kp.sgh 4’y [kh og4’y gIvn o0v’zIh6 [a D 7oq gIkq 1.j6 ol’a 7,q
7;oI6h;ymu.-hdko[=]ydkomk’wxltou g-oaj G dko/kd9qf\kpF oe.-h-v’mu,j u0t|kf
r=fuda[goNv.o c]t 8yfltc8a,.lcj 9gmy’g[Nv’0;k,n.sh]tvPfF dko9kj |hk-v’.sh
4dn 8vh ’8k,m1ju 0j6 v’zIh6 [a c]t zlh6 ’jq D dko/kdl’jy 0v’8vh ’s,h5 sf+ ;h p;fa ltfg5 \ktl,q
grnvj 7;k,xvfwr.odko0oq l’jq D

wxltou veo;p7;k,ltf;d.odkolqj’9qf\kp c]t lyj’0v’le]a[m5d7qoD
wxltou -;j p7qogIqkxt1afg’yo c]t maog;]krhv,ma’Ia[xtdao7;k,xvfwr[+.sh8qd
gIjpglpskpD r;dgIqkm5d7qo7;oIadlk86hwxltou.sh7q’16j.oltrk[xqddt8yF oe.-h
dko[]= dy ko.s,h xu tlfy mry k[ c]t .sdh koI;j ,,dn [a []5 f5 wxlto.u odkoveo;p7;k,
ltf;d8kj ’MD

vtmy[kpla[

l’jq 7Pj o G l’qj 8+wxD ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ

9kj |kh -v’ G dko0Po-nj c]t mu1j 60j v’z6hIa[9qf\kpD

xkpmk’ G 95f\kpmu9j twxg4y’F l5fmk’D

wxltou G dkolq’j |a’ln c]t ly’j 0v’D

xtlyfmyrk[ G wfhIa[zqofuD

7e4k,

!D 0tc|’wxlto,u 7u ;k,le7oa 8+-;u fy 7oq gIkq co;.fL
@D ltw\dvj odkol’qj 9qf\kpgroyj gIafco;.fL
#D g,vnj 1kd/kd9fq \kpmk’wxltougIkq 8vh ’gIfa co;.fL

[qfg/ydsaf

!? 9’jq c8’j [fq roa ]tok,|N ’jb .o]tf|6 k;.l.j ox,B 0Po0v’8oq X3fpv’u .l3j 7’
Ikj ’mwuj fhIPo,k?D

@? 9’jq 0Pog]vjn ’7on 3fpsp.h= lxj ,B 0Po0v’8oq D

106

[qfmu #& ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ

g7njv’3m]tlko

safvjko

3m]tlko c,oj ]t[[q 8fy 8+lljn komk’
wd grvjn l’jq 07=h ;k,gxoa ]kp]da vda lvo c]t
I6[rk[9kdg7njv’lqj’8Qomk’wxl6jg7nvj ’Ia[
xkpmk’ 3fpzkj olkplq’j c]t dtcl7NoD

g7njv’3m]tlko wfh4ndxtfyf0Bo.o
xu !)$@ 3fp7qova’dyfm,uj u-;nj kj vkg]ad-aogfu
g[oD ]k;gxaoz6h7Qo7yfdjP;da[dkolqj’lao
pkofhkodkory, 9kdv5xtdvo|’bj wxlv6j ud
v5xtdvo|’bj fh;pdkory,vvd.lcj zoj g9hpD

w]pt8+,kF .o]ts;kj ’xu !)*@{!_@& oad;y-kdko16jxtgmfvu8k]uF vkg,]ydkF
g1p]t,aoF /ia’j c]t vnoj M wfhrafmtokg7nvj ’3m]tlkooU.shlk,kfry,fh;poE,bd
3fp.-lh kpltgrkt0v’,oa gv’ zkj ocl’9kdsv^ fw2vvd,kgxoa 07h= ;k, c]t gxoa I[6
rk[wfhD

]ts;kj ’ xu !_#${!_*& [oa fkzzh6 t]yfwfrh fa mtokg7vnj ’ry,gxoa c[[,ucdo\o6
g-’jy .-wh fdh [a lkp3m]tl[a m;jq wx c8;j kj g7vjn ’r,y gskjq^ ooA p’a ,ou E|da sk^ pF ,]u k7kcr’
rhv,ma’0Ao8vo c]t g8adoyddko.-hd=pa’rq[7;k,sp5h’pkd1D6j

o[a c8xj u !_** gxoa 8oQ ,kg7vjn ’3m]tlkowf4h dn ffa cx’gIfa .soh vh p]’q F ,ou E|da
[+s^kp c]t lk,kfg-vnj ,8+d[a lkp3m]tl[a md5 M-toyf .-gh ;]k.odkory, * okmu 8+
! |hkg9hpD

rkps^a’xu !_(W [=]ylaf0v’pxuj o5j wfhoeg7vnj ’gs^kqj oU g0Qkl86j ts^kfdko7hk 3fpwfh
zt]yfg7nvj ’Io5j .\mj u,j uI6[Ikj ’ohvp dtmafIaf c]t ,uxtlyfmyrk[l6’ vvd,k;k’9e
|kj p1kj ’s;^ ’sk^ pD

107

xaf95[aooUxtgmf]k;gIqk 3fpltgrkt16lj eoad’koF vq’dko[=]yskoF dt-;’
mt[;’dq, c]t rtcoddko8kj ’M 8ts^vfIvf[aofksq;|;j pm5]tdyfd=wfhoe.-h
g7vnj ’ry,3m]tlko1kj ’crsj ^kp grkt;kj dkol’qj 0h=,6o,ao;vj ’w; c]t xt1afg’yoma’
g;]kvudfh;pD

vtmy[kpla[ dkol’qj 0=h7;k,mk’wdD
cm’j d,q m\ju o6 vvh ,38gv’D
3m]tlko G ovh pg[kq [k’D
cdo\o6 G
dtmafIaf G

7e4k, ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ

!D 3m]tlkoc,oj sp’a L
@D 7qoxtgmf.fxtfyfg7nvj ’3m]tlko c]t xtfyf.oxu.fL

w;pkdvo

dkovjkovadlvosp=h
vda lvosph= 7vn da lvom.ju -ch mo7eF ;t]u s^n 07h= ;k,pk;M grvjn .slh oA g0kQ vda
lvosp=h ,uxt3spf.odkolnlj ko 7nG gIaf.shltf;d c]t ;vj ’w; c8zj 6h.-h8hv’I6h
7;k,\kp0v’7esp=.h s4h nd8vh ’8k,mduj eofq w;Dh
8q;1jk’G dD- dt-;’

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108

0Pom;kp ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ

9qj’0Pom;kpg]u,j c8j 3m]tlkoDDDDD gxaoI6[rk[wfhD
7e4k,
!D 3m]tlkol’jq 07=h ;k,wfch o;.fcfLj
@D c,oj .zgxoa zxh6 tfyfg7vnj ’3m]tlkoL

!? 9’qj g]kqj g]nvj ’7noD
@? 9’jq 0Pog]vnj ’7no3fpsp=8h k,mwuj fgh ]kjq .lxj B,0Po0v’8oq D

109

[qfmu #* ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ
3m]tla[

safvjko

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loq mtok ]ts;kj ’[d5 7oq m1ju sj6 kj ’wddoa D
3m]tla[wfh4ndxtfyf0Bo.oxu !)(* 3fp
oad;ylt;tdvo-k;vkg,]ydk -nj;jk
vkg]ad-aogfu dikcI,c[;D 3fpm;qj wx
3m]tl[a ,u @ xtgrf 7Gn c[[.-lh kp c]t
c[[[.+ -lh kpD 3m]tl[a c[[.-lh kpl;j o
s^kpc,jo8yf8A’w;h16j8k,leoad’ko

v’q dko c]t gInvo-ko[kh o-vj ’D 3m]tla[c[[[+.-hlkp s^n c[[g7vnj omuj g-’yj gvUo;kj
3m]tla[,n4n lk,kf4n8yf38wxoem5dlt4komDuj

xfa 9[5 oa oU 1xj6 tgmfgIkq o[a c8.j og,vn ’8tsv^ fIvf-oq ot[fq d.= -]h t[[q 3m]tl[a
m’a @ xtgrf gdvn [md5 cs’j F gxoa 8oQ 18j6 k,4t|oq soq mk’8k,vk7ko[kh ogIvn o c]t
8k,lt4komu8j kj ’M gIqk9tgsaolkp3m]tla[goa’j wx,k c8,j u[k’[vj ogrnvj s^udg;Ao
dkodfu 0;k’ grojy d/= ’a lkp3m]tl[a wx8k,roN foy D ovd9kd.-3h m]tl[a m,ju lu kpc];h
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134

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135

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137

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138

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140

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144

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145

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