Oxford Phrasal Verbs Dictionary for Learners of English

make them feel unimportant or stupid: Bu[l ease 113,
dumping on me. I h tryingmy kt.
,ease 'back 1(busiraess) if pmfita, wicm etc.
Dump on ab can be usad in the passive:
easeback, they become a ltttlelower,w i a l l y ,eat sth a'wayto gradually damage or dwmy
Why&lalwsgetd~on? afterthey havebeen high: Thewmpany'spmfifi sth over a period of time: Something was d i n g
eased backfmm £151milfinnlo E14.7miIIlon. 2 away thefolinge. o Sam of the stom had h?en
@ V+P'BP
'dump on &;'dump sth on rib (slang,m w (on sthj if somebodyeasea b&ckthey goa little mtenowaybymllution, o Xhesao ismtingamy
slower, do sth with a little less energy,are less the caastlim.
ciully A m to tell sb all your pmblems: He
dumsonmeevmydimesheUuowsh i m . o She
keepsphoning me and dumping all her problems
on me.

Qv+prep+ v+dpron+pmq

dust tanst1 strict, etc, than &fore: The r m p h y e d aggm +M?CI~SOEATAWAY AT STH
sively in thefirsthuv of thegame, but ~vereableto @v+adv+n + v+nlpmn+sdv
,dust sbMh 'down (BrE)= DUST s ~ OFmF, ~ a s beadr in the serond,o Thegovernmentshould ,eata W y d sbtoworrysbowralong~ioaof

nvsT YOURSELF OFF em?buck onfarming mtrkiions. +t~rne:JeaIorrsyismrtngawqvrrlhim.
(fim,dustSth ' d m
=DUST 8TH OFF +v+adv *v+ adv prep

,dust yourself 'down (BrB1 = DUST SBE~TH ,ease 'back into 8th;,ease abIpurseIf ,eat aWay at sth to grad- rlamage or dm-
Ol F.DUST YOURSELF OFF 2 =DUST YUURSELFOFF 'back IMo ath to gradually become famlliar troy sthover a periodof time:A,IIutlon Ismting

,dustsbrsth 'OW ,dmtr w r s s B ' o f f ( m ~ n b again with sth you have not done for some time; away at thestone. o F%m!mmt aleaway a t #heir
lo help sb k o m e familiar again with 6th they relatwmhzp.
.dust ssblJth 'down, ,dust y o u n e U 'dmrm)to used to do: Smith is gmdunlly easing h c k into
remove thc dust or dirt fmm sblsth/ywrself. %r running &r his LWpfury. o It's time lo e m the 3SBe QhEAT STH AWAY
example with your hand ora brush: Shestwdup ev+adv+pmp
anddusted h e ~ l r d o w n . krds badt into theschmIr0utiw. o Theeaseback ,eat 'Fn1to have a med at homerather than at a

+ S S ? ( l h D U S T YOURSELF O W prams$ is designed to reduce the cham of ra- restaurant Are you d i n g in tmigN?maP) MI
injuly. wt 2 (also ,& 8th 'In) (espscloltyBrE) to buy
ev+nlpron*adw * v+edv+n

,dust sth 'off ( B r E a h,duststh 'dorm)tobrlng -t s e e n b EASE IN'M STH, EASE SB~OURSELF andeatloodateirestp~fanrta~ther t h a n t a k i n g
sth out after it has not beenused for a long time
and start touse it again: T h @ g o v e r n mbdlrsl- INTO STH away to eat Is thtsfood lo erst in w take amyP
ing off its phlnnsfor offshoregas and oil explor-
atran, oSome oj t h i r early songs have k e r ~ ev+adr+pmp 4 v+nlpm+adv+pp +IEB take alh away (especiallyBrE)
brought out Mddllsleddownfor re-rehw. v +adv 2 also v +rdpmn +adv
,ease'Into dh ,ease s b m r s a l f 'Id0sth
@v+adv+n * v+pron+adr * v + m + a d v ( h
to gradually w e , orh e l p sb k o m e ,familiar 'eat Into 8th I to gradually damage or d e s w
with sth new,especially a new job: to m into sth: W d w n m hndmien into most of thefurnl-
settrement o a murse for easing w p l e into thP turn Z to use or take away a large part of 5th

Jmwm w ~ o mfmpuilng valuable, especially money or time: M y wrk
kgon loeat intothe weekends EE prolfts,time
,dust yoursew 'off (3rE a h ,dust +s e e a h EASE BACK INTO m,BASE SB~YOUR-
'down) to rewverafter a dlfEcult or unpleasant
experienceand begin again: APer evev d h p SELF BACK lNTO STH Qv+~rep

pointmend I jusl dust myself down ond ssEari @ v + ;prep + v + dpmn +prep ,eat 'outtohavearndina&~rsnt,etc.rather
thanat home: Weateoutahwstevemnight.
again. ,ease 'OH1to gradually bewme less strong or
E 3 dlne out 0I E B eat In
S@@ U L ~ D U S 8TBhm OFF.DUST YOURSELQ OFF unplaasant: Eventually ttheminsfumdbeaseoa:
o The pain mwd off alter a few hours. 2 to go v+adv
+v+pron+abv sloweror make lesseffort:Heeased off in the h t
Inpandstillwn. BE0 slack OH ,eat 'up used to tell sb to eat quickly or to eat
dwellrdweu(WR, dwkor#dled, everything they taw been gim:Eat up! You?[
+v+adv
d w Ifed) be la@ for schwI.
+,easesb 'od,, m e sb 'outof sthtm makesb 3seeo h EAT STH UP 1
'dwellOA sth( o b1-' u r n sth-I) leave their job or position,especially by making
it difRcult or unpleasant for them over a period r+adv
1 tn think or talk about sth for too long, ape of time: He was emed out of hisjob aspresand
tin!U d V M ,eat sb 'upif an emotlonsuch asangw,guilt, etc.
clally 5th unpleasant: It's limeyou stopped d m l G eats sbup. it wmmiea them dlthe time and they
Ease sboutisoffen usedinthe pasah. cannot think of anything else: The anger was
ing on the mt.E E l th past, problems 2 Qv+dpmn*adv + v+adv*n +
Ilrleraryl to look at sthfor a long t h e : Hesrniled. mtrng her up ins&.
v +nlpron+adv *prep BE)consume sb (riormal)
hrrreyesdwlling on h e r f a
,ease 'up 1(on sth) to go slower or make leas Eat sb up is oftenusedInthepassive:He's
*V+P~~P effort;to do sth less: The doclor told him to wse
up.o I'd- upon the lruininga bit i f l ~ m y o u . eaten up by]mlou@
2 (on sb) to start being less severe with sb: I
thinkyon shouldeaw up on thekl$sa bit. +v+nlpmn+adv + v+adv+n

+v+adv ,eat sth 'up 1 to eat all the food you have been
glven:Eat upyour b m l i It'sgoodforyou. +see
also EAT U P 2 ( i a f o m l , e~peciclllyBrm to use

q m t l f hof Sth. fora m p l e fuel or elm - 2to gradually spreadover momandmoreof an I n t m c h I n g a n d ~ o S h e t r W l o ~
A nounmust alwaysfollowout,but a
bicity:His exdravogorsoeheating up ourprqq?k pronounmma between the verb andout. area:H m housing B slortlng lo e m h qmn Aim in mnwrsalion 6 He wus engaged in nut-
o Thewnm l l y eatsu p m u g m .
1v+adv+n v+pmn+& v+n+adv(legg *#&strrr0urldinllfie[hp.EEil tarrftory, land ninga smaII b w i n m .
&v+adu+n + v+pm+adv* v * n + & ( m ) v + prep
.wmno EEl advltler, remamh,h l w s , mcu~lm
end/end/ Q v + prep v +nlpron+prep
2v+adv+n 4 r+prcn+a& ben'gagedonmponsth ( f o n d ) todosth;to

,ebb akay to gradually b m e weaker and elaborate~ f h b a m f 'endIn sth tohavesthasanendhgora&adt: be inv01vedindoing sth:He isemgugedona biog.
begin to disappear. His mnjWellce ebbad mmp
e'laberab onluponnth to explainor describe Many adverbs in ElFglish end in -&a His first
EEIstrsngth,enthuslam, anwr sth~namoredetailedwayH: esaldhewasm@
+v+adv ingbut did not ehhomle on his m w . omnpt lo mn a marathon ended in di.mtm o
EB) enrage on/upMlsth
,edgesbrsth Wht ,dgs stusth 'outd 8thto Theparlnershipbet- the ilwmmplnfescould enlarge[malamA; ~ -'E~a;rdg/
gradually move sb out of their job or position. Qv+prep all end in tW# (= have an unhappy or unpleas-
especially by takingtheir place yourseIr; to grad-
ually defeatsb:&car@ul he dmnY & g e m orrl ,elbow s b t h a'ddefout; ,mlbow a h t h ant result). a draw en'large ompon 8th(!%rmaE)rosay or write
of yourjob altogethm o She wased@ out of the 'OutOf 9thtoforcesborsthwtof apositionor EEl fallum,disaster,-e,
semi-mlby heryounger rim1 job. The story luas on Shefmt page, elbowing more about sth you have mentioned:I'll enlnrge
~v+nlprm+actv v+adv+n + as& the wwce talks.o Wrerlling elbouled judo 9v +prep
out of Ihe 1 9 9 G u m 0 He wm e l b o d out of on thispmt later:
v+nlpmn+adv+prep porn
Qv+erhr+n +v+nfpron+adr ,end'up;,edb p doing sthtoreachmcometo +E Z j elaborate &pon ath
,edge'up if prim, etc. edge UP,they gradually a panr~cularplace or situation that you did not v + prep
increase:IqJhiionisdging up. v+nlprcn+&+pp expect or Intend to be in:H e m a M up inprison, o
I don't wont lo end up mrse off shnn when f enqw f~ ( a hlnqulmesperdally~me)
+v+a&
o I -a I l l end up paying, as usual. o /rn'kwmar)/

,edit sth 'out;,dttsth 'out of sth to m'barPr ohVupM Sth ybrma0 toatart todo sth B you dTtw likeIhat,you muklend u p dead' sn'qulre after sb ( f o r n oto ask about ~b's
new, imprtant or dE4cult: Xhe@wmnmi has flnlsh up,finlsk u p dolng 5thwlnd up. health or aboutwhat they aredolng:MY mother
words or phrases b r n a book pmgramme,etc embarked upon a p r o g r a m of M r m oHe
trawlledfor aymc t@omembrarkingongmdw& wlnd up doIng sth(infor'mnfl enquired afieryouand the baby
beforeit ispublished orshown:Thes- mr&
rvere edited out (of she song).o He must slw studies. -In this meaning, end up k nearly always EL9 ask after sb (lessforma0
d i l l e d a Ior of the ~teruie~ouut. oRead rhmwh
your w r k and Bdrt out anythiRg repcitive or rn~ ~ ~ , # r m * o o u r w , l w m y used with either an adjwtive, a phrase begin- O v +prep
irrekmnt. Q V+PWP
Qv+n/pron+adv + v+tdv+n ningwithapreposition, ordoingsth. * Note that en'qulreInto sth(r%rmal, e s M U y B r Q to try
to find out the facts about 8th: Them i t t e e a r e
v+nlpron+adv+prap this phrasalverb doesnot mean the sameasend:
enquiring intothe employment@childrrn.
C I m s end at 4 p m . IE3 Investigate 8th

@v+adv * v+adv+lm

endear/rnn&Nr);Ame-*/ =Enquire into 8th can be used in the

passwe.
en'dear sbtyourretf ta sb (tbmal)to make
v + prep
esbtyourwlf loved or llked by sb: He lrurnngwl to
en'qulresth of sb ~ r m a tt)o ask sb 8th: Hm
endear himu to myentirefami& o Thegovern- you a b l e t o m with us?sheanquira2 4f MIL

ment'sreco~onmpbymentdic1rtotendea#rten&
eto the wtm. v+sW+prep

,mW 'out;,MW 'outoF Sthif aplaa?em? +v+nlpmn+preyl enter renwr)/

ties out or pwple empty out of a place. ~t

,eW 'OH(BrE, A)a rude way of telling eb to go becomesempty of people:At I1.31)th mtaumnt 'enter Into sth @mmfi 1(with sb)to begIn to

a w , USAInsteadof hrdroff emptmf out (= people left it). o menap& en'dwv ablsth with ath (format)lto give 8b drscuss or dealwIth sth: T h ~ n m a n(Il @
IwoulDfhbarsandcIrrbs.
Qv+& sth, such as a prticular reaponsibill& to enter ininto negotintiom,o The -Inm mn-
Empty and empty sth are also usedwith
etc:Theyendowed thirchildmn with m r k a b b mi enter inlo any cormpondenceowrtheresulk
this meaning.
names, o The job endow 11s holder with g ~ r EEiI nqotlatlons, correspon-nee, contract
b,v+adv v*ahl+prap the passive
prestige. 2 t o t o g l n e or believe that sblsthhasa Enter into sth can be used in
,e,cQelgsalsvavgdmws+sssn,imwbualpea'lgromtleeeynesn,gs5(+gthwthaoienadPddgtvOhoiOtmhoH~en&v)kmt+(dotooaorendaswnvlbto+rmhifontibnahhgdrli:a.ogE9ngtheghs)&obTothonedoothhSeiUsr !~.emmttrhehpipmntbtgioyeaEowdthumsattlwthplobfett#ghhm'oeesygruttophhtuooi;ntuci,!stgekoosemunIftssrsepuoodxmttryhsmieansosttsurkihebdaldeme'o.afoouuceoeDtmnndotpntatl'iytnyseeetmvwrhe.piHrttythoye-
particular quality: Thqr endowed certain plants in t h ~ms eaning. 2 (wlthsb) to begin or become

wzth a l W magam! healrngqwlities. involvedin a formal agreement'Themwrnmnt

@ v+nlpmn+prep has entered rnto an agreement with the World

be en'dovred d t h sihtonaturally h a par- Bank, c If is ui@I that the be freely
ticular s k i , qualia feature, etc: He is endowed
wrlh both ~Wllzgemearndgoodhkso, muchines enierad mio. E4 agreement= Enter into
endowd wzlh nmozingpowm o TheIshnds are
this meaning than empty ath out well endow& w r l h ~ n d sla. kesandstmums. sth canbe used in the passive in this meaning. 3

@v*n/pmn+adu v+adv+n + (3 be+ v +prep to a sltuaticm or be an important part of it:

,eke 8th 'owt1tomakeasmaUsuppIyofsthlast Y *n/pmn+adv+prep Luck dm'tenter IJUOit; I won h t m of my
longer by using only a M e at a t h e or by add-
skrlt EEZl It

i n g s t h e h t o i t : ~ e k e d o u l ~ s s n w t o m a k eencroach/ n ' l a w t ~ ; m m - / Q v +prep

anotherm l E.3 Inmme. wpplles 2 ,eke 'out 'enter o n l u p ~Il h(formanto make a start on
nth, ,ekslVthem'Mil (litemry)to managetolive
with very little money:She e k d out n lining by en'croach on sth (aka em'crweh upon sth sth;toheginsth:T h @ ~ ~ wmmfmyvdwr ape-
selding what she could m~l@l IIvlng, Iexlsb
moreform0 1 to u@pep too much of sb's t h e , an'gage In sth: en'gage In dolng nth: of sustarndgrowth. oIn 1991, heentered ugon rr
personal life, etc.;to bgin to affectsb: She Pled
en'gageab In sth; en'gage ah In dolng turbuIentpolil*rsIm m r
lo prevent her laorkfrorn enmumhe ng&r on
5th (form0 to take part in sth;to mke sb take -Enter on/upon be used in the

her private l&. cut Into sth IfesPforntal) part in sth:to be busy doing sth:Mmrs engage passlve

Ov+m

- - -. -....-...m....l.t..m.....m.... ..... ..... .... "-...-r...-....-mm..~-....-. 8.2....-.. 4

entitle/ m w / expand~ w s m a l

cm"titlesb to sthtogive sba rlghtto haveor do ex'pandon sth(ahm'pandups .thmon?Jw face/fers/ ,fade'In;,fade8th 'InSf ssoundora pictureina
5th- This tickal entitlesyou to o @e m L o All mn0 to give more informtion or details about
sth you have said or written: C~uklyouexpand ,face sb 'm(a@aEly AmQ to o p w or filmhovie, etc. fades in, or sb fades it in,it
chzldran are entitled to edwtlon. o I think I'm on yourwrlkr~lement? graduallybecomeslouderor clearer
defeat sbby dealingwiththem directlyand conii.
entiikd tom apbnatbn. polnt,sMmmnt dently: ThePmidenl is *mined toface down @FB fade out,tmde ath out
Entitle sb to sth Is offen used in the hwcsitics.
e v t a d v + v*nlpmn+adv r v+adv+n
e '+passive. ~E~pandrmhrponsth~anbe~hthe Qv+adv+n + v+Wpmn+actv b 'Me-tn n [Ul[Cj an act oP graduallymakinga
nlprwh+prep
paSSlVC. ,fa- 'dm$ (sprt)to slart a game suchas picture appear at the beginning of a scene In a
entrust/rn-,wt/
en'hustA toP:enWust B wfth A to make~b QV + P ~ ~ P Ice hockey: The teamf a ORat 2.30.2 to get filmnovie

responsib!efordohgsthorfortakingcare of sb: RXP'~'"/lk'spleml ready to argue,fightor competewithsb: T h e m - ,fade 'out;,fa& 'outol 8thtobecome quieter.
Jrouldn'f e W t my chiwren lo strrrngem o &n ax,prain sth a'way to give -ns w b you
d&iesJnce flin a Denwmt~cprimarylodqv, weakerhetc. and graduallydisappear. Theptvtest
should not be blamed fm sthor why sth Is not as eventwlly~adedouto, She looMastronr5 mndi-
@v*actv &to, but f h e n f i our of theglcluw.
you e n t m t an assistnm with the tusk9 important or as bad as people think: How will
you-mpLuinnwaythekmof twcars? t 'face-otl n 01a methd of bglnnlnpa e v t a d v + v+adv+prep
9v+ nlpmn prep
+ v + a d u + n + v+nlpmn+adv gamesuchas icehockey2anargumentor afight ,fade'out,,fadesth 'cutif a soundor a picture
equateIikweW
*w larl(e'naorWbm,w ,fa- 'onto sth if a room ar a building faces in a fflm/movie,etc.fades out or sbfadea it oat,
e'quak to 8th to be equalto 8th: Do my @@- ontosth, the windows lookin thatdirection:The it -dually becomes quleteror Iese clew. N w
frontbedroamf m o m a mainmad. theend of thesong hefadedoz8t #hamusic.
catiorrseqmtefoanyinyour~?oProduc, ~ s b * u p ( ~ l , e s ~ l I y B r ~ t o I w k a t s b EE?fade In,lade sth In
tion mlsjor the mouie egllntad toam& 90% of an a way that shows that you are interested in ev +prep

income. them,espec~allyin a sexual way:She'seyeing rn

ev+prep u p m a s a p o ~ t L ~ ZocH~em~ e:yeingupalE ,face'upto sthtoacmptanddealwithad~dt Q v + a & + v+n/pmn+adv 4 v+$du+n

e'quatesth wfth ath to am sit^ that 9this the t h m n a t h m or unpleasantsituation:When bshegoing tow b V d d n m ] [C]anactof graduallymakinga

s r n a s s t h e l s e , o r ~ u a l h v a l u e ~ (~4~~+nlpron*adv+ v+Bdv*n up to her erpomibilitifS? o He must faup to picture disappear at the end of a scene in a
- *be 'etched Intoron ath: be #etch& M -Have
Heequahs- with malerialroenlth. ,eye sth 'up (iwarmal, e m i u l t y B ~ tBo look thefact thnt he Ls no Icmgeryoung. Almlmovle

+v+nlpm+prep clmly at sth, because you want it or are inter- m f a c t , maltty, problsm, rerpwntblll(ho

etch1 4 1 ested IIJ it: Am you eyeing up that struwkrry E@square up (tosblsth) faff ifref/
W Face up ta sth can be u& in the pasaive:
tart? ,faHa'boutra'mund(&En spoken. ir&mmD to
Thrsproblemhasgot to b e J d up lo. wastetimedoingunimportant thingsandnotget
we On a glmuar very muchdone:Stopf4mngobout.
+v+adu+prep
sthifafeeh~isPtchedinbo~sb'sficemsb's meaning.
Qv+adu
*face is etched with a particular feeling. that
feeling can be s+en very clearly: T r r P d m ond

despair wereetch& inlo hisfwe. o A~n~heafa'sce ,factorsth 'En:,factorsth ' I d a ath (especially
AmE) to include a particular fact or situation
wulosetdwi with h o m z when you are calculating sth, or thhkhg about ,fake sb 'out(AMlr,&rrnal') t6 deceiveo r ~ c k

@ be+v+prep or planning sth: When you &hut& the wsl of sb:tomakesbthinkyouaregoingtoda onething
the mpnirs,you forgot 50 f c l o r in. the h b o u o and then do another He thought I was going to
OX6i 01 etched on pur -Pmlnd if
~Lctwath~,fsctorsthoutof~ turn L$zV bubIfakedhim oul.
5th 3s etched on yoar memorg, youremember Qv+nlpm+adv + v+adv+n
it because it has madea very sbmg Lmpression @v+adv+n v+nlpmn+adv v+nlpmn+prsp

on you

,fador sth 'out:,fador sth 'oul of sth( w p

clally A m to not lnclude a particuLar fact or

,ewn 'Out ff sth maxi oat, it bmmea lml or situationwhen you arecalculatingsth, or think- -lnW
steady after a period when it has gone up and ing about or planning sth: When tnmi~onis -Into
down orchangeda lot: Themthev@nsoutfurlher factoredout, thetruded@ilfell12.8%. 9% -on
on. o Houseprim willewniuully euenout EB lactorsth In.factor nth Intoath -on
-out
Qv*adv (3v+nlpron*adv e v+adv+n b
--oveT
,evensth 'out to spread sth qequallp overa num- v t dpron+a&+ prep
mm
berof peopleor aperiod of time:She trkd toeven fade lre~a~
ovtthworkamongthe~ -to
,fade a'way 1to gradudly -me l w ~ l m n g ,
@v+adv+n v+rdpmn+adv --under
clear or f'cequent and disappar His fbohteps upon
,evennth 'upto make a situation.a competition
etc.moresqual:fl lgiae you anotherfiE5.t will gradwily ly aawaj oHer enthusiasm wrll

euenthings up a bit, m n fade away dle away Fade can ,falla'bout( B E ,W m l )to laugh a Iot: WeaZI
+v+n!pmn+sdv + v+&+n
also l~ used with this meaning, especially in f e l l & v t o t h e r ~ . o H e ' s r s r d e 6 0 ~ a u d ~

more formal Engllsh. 2 (of a person) to become andyet theyfull about krughing.

weakerand die:She'sfadingawy mpidly. @v+adu

.(bv+adu

f.a..l..l...rp...a..r..l..l............,r......... ..........................................................9 _,,.....*,,.....................................,............................ ......*.. ...-9..:.i............................................. ~ farm

,fall a'part 1 to be old or in bad condltlon and ,fall' d m1to suddenlystopstanding: lthoughr ,falli'ofttodecrease inquantiwor qua1ity:AM- 'fell ta sb (to do ~ t h t)o become the duty or
break or break into pieces: you buy cheap the whole hou.wwasfalIingdown. o Herlegs were ance has fallen off m n t l y . o The smdurd of
shoes, they'llfail w r t after a p w months.oMy so weak that shefell down on her knaes. 2to drop c i w k i n g ~ l l o fwf hentfheokichef l&. responsibility of a particular pemn: TheFaSkof
dictionary is fulling aplrt now I've used it so to the ground: His tmllsers lwrefailing down. o
much. ,sra,coma apart 2 to have so many prob- A lumpof them~fmgfelldown3.(onLy&in the El!B dmpofl telling them the newspll m me.o It f i l l s l o the
piice to emwe that demonstmlurns are well
lems that it is no longer possible to exist or oper- progmssiw 6ases) (of a building) to be in ++S S ~ ? U ~ O FAWAALY L4
ate: The wlnale country'sfalliwnpart. o @r my extremely bad wndition: It's a h u t t f u l house v+adv organized.

Q v + prep

marrrage@Iloport Imowdaruay. 3(IrbformnOto but it'sfailing down. 4 (ofan idea. an argument, t 'fall-off (BrE also 'falllng+ff less f m & ) 'fall to sth; Tall to dolng sth ( I i m y y )to start
(Inlof sth)n [sing.] a decrease in the quality of doing sth: Little Red Ridlng H d orid the w2.f
have so many problems or worries that you can a method, etc.) to be shown to be not true or not sth:af u l l ~ f lin a ~ ~ ~ e l i n l e r e s d m k s
no longer think or behave normally: Ifel2 aplrf good enough That's wherethethmyfaaIlsdown, fell to talking. o Theyfell to it ~uithgrrsto.

whenshe left @v+adu ,faall 'off:,fall 'offsth if something falls off or v +prep

@ v+sdv b 'downfall n the loss of sb's power,position, onfalls offsth, it becomesseparatedfrom thething 'fall under I h1to Mongto or be induded in a
particular group of things: Whul heading do
beIrhtlngapsrialthe'searnstohave a lot of money,etc.; the thing that causes this ~t is joined to: The dmr handle has fallen o thesellemfail under?BEl headlng2 to begrn to
problems and be startingto fail be controlled or influenced by sblsth: I m I i z e d I
,fall 'down on 8th (BrE,informal) to failt o do Put theplchm up properly -w don't luani it to
,fall a ' w y I(from sth) to break off or separate sthcorrectly or sucoessfully: Thesuggestion was fall o r the wall.

from a surface: Thepiaster wm fulling away in that he wasfuIIing down on thejob. Qv+arh. v+prep wasfalling u d r her spell. o The edumtion

bigchranks. 2 (ofland, aroad, etc.) to slope down: mjob Tall on s h t h ( a hTall upon ablsth morefor- syslern fell under the mntrnl of the church. FEZ

The ground falls away abruptly tothe right. 3 to Q v + a d v + p p ma0 (especiallyB r a 1 tobe the responsfbilityor spell
duty of a particular person or organization:
gradually disappear: Gradually,all his cam and 'fall for sbtsth (&formal)to be amacted to Most of the mst fell on us. o Wha Re died, the 0 v+ prep
worriesfeil aluay. o When thingsgot d@j%utt,his sbtsth, to fall in love with sblsth: He (ell for a responsibility of she bw'nes-fdl on his son. 2 if 'fall u r n sblsth =PALL ON SBlSTH

supporlem allfill awuy. 4 (esminllyBrE) to get youn,estudent. o Wefell f o r t ? u f a r m h o ~ a $ $ 0 0 ~ your eyes fall on sbisth, yw suddenly see or familiarize( u b f n m ~ h ~ s~ef)a ' r n r l t ~ l
less or smaller: The number oJ appilcanls has notlce themlit: My eyefell on a ktler she had Wt
us w m w tl. faknlliarlze sbrywrself with sth to teach sb
f a d h atmy sharply. + seea h FALL oF F on the iubk 3 to attack sblsth with energy or
9v + prep about sth or to learnabout sth u n t ~ylou know it
Q v+adv enthusiasm: The childrenfill on lhelood with well: I f a m i l b r l z d myseEf with eaeryow's name
'fallfor sth(inform0tobe tricked intobeliwing cripsof delight. o m u m t t w )Hefill on the dmw-
,fall 'back1to fail to stay with peopIe a t the h n t sth isme when it is not: You dioln'tfotlfir that ings and exmined them close& BEl tood +wore the meeting.
v + dpmn +prep
rn a race: Betis M $een lerrding, b u t p i f $ack old trick, did you? @ v + prep
wilh lOlapsloga dmp ~ ~ C ~ + % U ~ F A L Le v + v r e p

BRHIND, FALL BEHIND SBISTH2 to move or turn ,fall 'In 9 if a roofor a ceilingfalls in, it drupsto ,fall 'Out 1(of hair. teethe k )to becomelooseand fan lf;~n!(-m
the ground: The rwf of the cavefell In. 2 (of sol- drop out: The chemothmpy mQd@ her halrfal!
back away from stb or sb: Whenthe 6rmpsm o d diers)to mow into a line EEB fall wl ,fan ' Q u t t o s p r e a d o u t o v e r m ~ h m a o e n t r a l
out. 2 (wfth sb) (werlabut sth) (esp&llyBrE) point:Seamhersfamed out ouer the a m where
forward, the m t v d f i l l back. E E 3 retreatEmore t h e m i s s ~ n g c h i I d m l a ~ t ~oeFeiv~emntnrondP
to have an argument with sb and stop being fan outfrum the vilIcrge.
forman 3 (BrE,finam)to decrease in value or
amount: Prmrose by more than 10% kforefall- Qv+adv friendly wlth them: It's not worth falling out Qv+&
,fall 'In wlth ab ( W o r m 0 to join sb: to become a k u l this. o Why hnvejmufallenout withhim? o
ing backslightly Theyfell out ouer their father's wrll. 3 ( o f sol-

6 v+adv lnvoIved w ~ t hsb: Shefellinwitha badcrowd.

,fall 'back on sbtsth (a& fall 'back upon Q v + adv +prep diers)to moveoutof lmes E59 fall In ,fan sth 'out if a b W faas out its feathers, it
sWrth moflfirmab to use sblsth when the situ- ,fall 'In wfth sth (BrE)to agree to or supmrt a spmdsthem out: T h e ~ k f a n w d o uit?,t lail.
anon is dimcult or other peoplelthings have plan oran idea,especiallywhen youdonotreally CJ v+a&
failed: H's very hard you haw nufamily tufali want to: He alwuys exmts me tofall in wrth his &v+adv+n * v+rdpmn+adv
b .falling-'outn [sing.](@.special&BrE)a quarrel:
back on. o He muld almysfaI[ k k on his old phns. We'whad a bitof afaEIing-out.

jokes. + plans alongwfth sbtsth b 'fallout n [UjI dangernus (radlmctive)dust
+v+adv+prep
v+adv+pmp that 1sinthe air d e r a nuclear explosionor acci-

Tallback n a plan or course of action that you ,fall'IntoHh1tobegin tobeinaparticularptate: dent 2 the bad resultsof a situation: thecurrent ,fancy 8th 'upw5worml)to make 8th look
more attractiveby addingdeeoration to it: I@W-
can use ~fsthelse fails: a(al1hckposltbn Hefill rnlo a deep sleep, o Thetramway fill inm crrsisand itspolitica1faIlouI
~ e d u p l h e d r e s s t u i i h ~ ~ m eo~Yrol us d~onSneed
,fall be'hind;,fall be'hlnd stusthto fallto stay disuse in the 1920s. o We mustn't fall into this ,fall 'overto be unable to stay standingand fall to
ermr (= make thls mistake).oHe's fallen inlo the ground: (especiallyBrE) He bst his balance tofamy upyow webgages.
with other people or things, especially ina race arrears with the mi I= he 1s late in paylng ~ t ) . andfell o m o His brkefeflo m
or competition Ifillfurther andfurther behind. fE!ldlsuse, dlsmpalr 2 to begin to do sth or +v+&+n v+rdpron+adw
o The i n d w h y isfalling M i n d t h rest of Eur- @v+adv

ope. o Hefell behind therestof the class. become involved In 8th: I f e l l rnto the hobit of ,fall 'aver sWsth to hit aWsth with your foot farm/ f a m ; A m E f a m /
when you are walking or running and fall or
BE)drop behlnd,drop h h l n d sblsth having a nap ufter d i n m o She fell into mnuer- almost fall: Mind you don3fill ouer the boxes. ,farmsb 'Ovt (msb) (in.I%rmul, dhppmving)to
arrange for sb you are responsible for, especially
+ S ~ ? ~ ~ S O FBAACKL 1L satwn with her neighbut E E i the hablt of..., )av*) flsp over rblsth a chtld, to be cared for by otherpeople: Whenhe

e v + a d v v+prep convematlon3 to be able to be divided into sth: 9v +prep was little, he was @en farmed out to farnib

,fair be'hlndwithtln 8thto not do sth orpay5th Computeruirvsesfull intothree brwd mtegories. ,fall'myourself todo sM ( i q t k n d j t0 be plends.
at the right time, Shefell behind with the rent o E 3 two gmups, throe categorlea, gte. 4 to very eager to do gth: Remrding cumpanh were
He beganfolling behind ~nhrs schmlum*. belong to a particular group or class Only 25%of gv+ntpm+adu + v+adv+n
EEl payments.ach-l wwk f n l l i n g o u e r t h e m l m tosign thehe8and.
pwplefull[ into thkgmup.EiJcategory,gruup, ,farm sth 'out(to sb) (imfoml') to send or gfve
ev+adv+prep ,fall 'throughto fail to be completed: to not hap work to other people to do: W e f m a lot of the
+class, ek. pen:O w lravelplans havefillen through. 4 The workout toothermrnpanias.
v + prep d m l f i l l through.
Qv+rdpmn+adr 4 v+adv+n
EiBTdeal

@ v*adv

fax /fa?ksI ,feed8th 'In;,feedA 'into8: Teed IB wfth A

,fae a'round(BrEa h .hrtanbout)(A,s h g )to ,fax 'in;,fax 8th 'Into send a fax I=a message to put sth into a machine: You'll Med tofeed the ,fendfor youl'seltto takecareof yourself with-
wastetime, especially by behaving in asilly way: out needing any help Srom othw pwple: We m m
Slop~rrmgaroundand behaveyourself! sent using a machine that sends and rece~ves m w in by hand. o lo feed irlformtbn inm a
brought up tofendforoumlws when w werestill
A more polite, informal way to express this messages or documents along telephone wires cvmputer o He fed mins into the meteK o He j2d
is mess around or, in British English, mess quite young.
about. and then prints them) to an organization, a com- +Ihemier with coins.
v+nlprwr+adv + v+adv+n r v+nlpmn+pmp Q v+~rep+pmn
Qv+adv pany,a television or radio programme,etc: View
o 'feed mlM ath 1(of an animal,etc)to llsesth , f e d sblsth 'otfto defend or protect yourself
m are invited tofax in with lherr mm-. from sWsth: The mink## had tofend off some
as food: to eat sth; to be nourished or strength- awkwi-d questions. o She mnaged tofind her
Ordersmn beeitherphnedorfoxed in lo US. attackers oflprsometlme. o She heldup h r a r m
ened by sth: Thishtf&onfruit. T (@en d h p sofend him oJj?
+v+adv + v+nlpmn+adv + v+adv+n proving) to become stronger becauseof 5th else:
Tharndiafeed4ffwchother:rsioriPs. attack, q u d o n , cdtklmm
'fasten on s k t h : 'fasten 8th on s M h if ,fax sth 'on(toswsth)to send a fax (=a message &v+adv+n + v+pron+adv + v + n + a & ( b
sent using a machine that sends and w i v e s +v+prev
your eyes fasten on sblsth,or you fasten your messages or documents along telephone w m
eyeson sbisth, you look at them for a long time: and then prints them) that you have received to ,feedYhrough(to sWsthnntoM):toreachswsth
AIL eym in t h m m fasten& on me, o She fa$ sbelse for them to seeor deal with: PIeose emaiI
&nedher gazeon him. orfm this on lo afriend. aRer going through a process or a system: Rfses Wuent)

@v+p-ep 4 v+nlpmn+pmp ,faxsth 'outto send afau (=a message sent using in pricesfeed through to higher ruoge claims. o It
a machine that sends and receives messages or
'fasten onionto st)l (also'fwtenup011sthmore documents along telephone wires and then willtnke timfor the higher mles tofeedthmugEn
J o r m n .1to hold 5th firmly: The c M ' s j a w prints them) to a largenumber of people at the
fmfe?xdon the gazelle3 throat. 2 to choose sth same time: Drqft propos~kwrll be faxed out for to invesetom ,fewel 'out 8th;,ferret lMhem 'outllMrma0
and gtve it all your attention or merest: When commentat Wendof Muy
shefaslenson on W ,them'~mSlOppingher E E i +v+abv to discover sth by searching thoroughly or ask-
@v+nlpron+adv + v+adv+n ima lot of questions: She's determined loferret
Idea, word, fact , f e d sb!sth 'up togive extra foodto a per- out the truth.
,fax sth 'through to send sb a fax I=a message son or an an~malto make them stronger and
Qv+prev sent using a machine that sends and receives mom healthy: Youl m k as if you needfeedingupu E E lnlorrnatkn,tha M h
A noun must alwaysfollow out, but a pro-
'fasten sth ontonto s M h to direct feelings messages or documents along telephone wires blt.
such as blame, hope, etc. towards sb: The blame andthen prints them) w ~ t dhetails of or informa- nuuncomes between the verb andout.
+v+nlpmn+achr + v+adv+n
h n ' l beenfaslend on rrnyMy yet. tion about sth
@v+nlpron+adu + v+adv+n 'feed B A = FRED STH IN, FEED A INTO B, Q v + a d v + n + v+pmn+adv
!Elblame,hopes
Q v+ nlpmn+prep FERO B WlTH A

fesst f e ~ t

,fe!ss 'up (to *)!(to ab) (about sth) ( W r m a l ,
' b F for sb to have sympathy for sb: I m l l y f i l b especiallyAmE) to admit that you have done sth
for her bringing up her chl[drenalone. o I dofeeee[ wrong: Comeon,&sup. Iknow ther~'ssumthing
,fasten 'up;,fastensth 'upU3r.E)to close+or to fear l ~ r )A; ~ W foryou, honest13
make sth close, with buttons, straps, etc: The you 'renot telling me. o How many s t o h CURdrd
'fear for s M h Ilitemy] to be anxious or wor- QV + P ~ P theyfess up to
dressfastens up at t hfront. o Foslenyourjacket rledabout sblsth:Ifmrforh.?rsc&t o Whenhe's
away nlsea.IrwlIyfear forhim. ,feels b ' u p ( ~ ~ ~ t o t o u c h s b i n a s e ~ ~ l l 1 w a y own up(to sthlto dolngsth);comka (to
u p - it'sgertingmld.
ESJI b +safety, future when they do not want you to a t h h doing nth)(momf o r m 0
ESIljacket coal BBl do up, & ah up ( e s p
crally BrE) Ur+prsp @v+nlpmn+& @v+adv
E E H'Fasten and fasten sth can also be used
w ~htthe samemeaning. feed mu (M, M/Fed/) ,feel 'up to 4tk ,MI'up to h l n g nth ta feel fetch ~fet.r/
Q v+a& v+nlpron+adv r v+adv+n capable of dolng sth, physically or mentally: 4

'fastenUpon stk =FASTEN ONIONTO STH you feel up lo it, we could wulk inio awn. o I ,fetch 'up (Wormul, mmAally BrEj to arrive
don't w l ! yfee! up Co seeing anyone.
,feed 'back(lntoltosth)if sth feeds back torinto somewhem bychance:Thebwlpm[gfetchedup
Qv+adv*prep
fathomI.-! sth, it returns to the place, situation, idea, etc. an a sandy beach o He muelled around Europe
that it started fromand has an sect, usuallya
fnr a mhiIeandfinnlly- up in N a p h .

,fathomsblsth 'outWrE)to understand how sb good one, on its development: Rising import Isr*)Bnd up
thinks and acts; to find an explanation for sthth:I prices tend to JdbacR into d o m t f c prices. o
,fencesb 'Intorestrict sb'sfmdom: W'ue h n @ v + &
Mn'E fathom her out -she says one thtng then What the a z d h saysf& k k inta the dew!-
opment of the programme. fenced m by rulesand regulatfonsfiriw long- fiddlej ' ~ d l /
does anoihr o Have you fothomd out how O
work tlw V i d e o y e t ? +v+adu hem swath In ,fiddlea'boutm'rwnd( B E ,inj%mi)to spend
your time doing nothing or doing 5th that is not
mworksb0OWt:~SthWt , f e d sth "ck (to sb) to give information, EEZEI Fencesb in is offenused in the msive.

Q v+Wpmn+edv + v+adv+n

=Fathom sblsth out is not used in the advice or opinions about a product, sb's work. ,fence eth 'In to surround sth with a fence: The Important:H@'sfiddlrgaivundin t h e ~ a m ~ e .

passive. etc.,especiallysothat it can be improved:Wewill grnund.7 oref e d i n by turbed wire. EE) mess arwnd

@v+nlpron+adv fad this lqformalionbock fo the campon$ o The IlEZFlFencesth in is often used in thepassive. Qv+adv

fatteny f ~ t n l resultsof fheleslswill b e f e d h k l o theschmb @ u+rrlpmn+adv + v+adv+n
IBB lnfonnatlon ,fence5th 'offtoseparateoneareafbmanother fight /fad/(fought, fought /t?xt/)

,fatten 'up;,fattensbisth 'upto becomefatter; Q v +ntpron+adv v+ adv +n w ~ t ahfence,o h to stop m p l e o r animalsfrom ,flgM 'back(against sWsth) to defend m I f
to givean anunalor a person a lot of focd so that b 'fssdbaclrn [m1information, advice or opin- entering: W e ' v e f e d off the vegetablepatch to sith actions or words when sb attacks you or
ions about how good a product, sb's work,etc. is: slop the rabbitsfrorngetting im
they becomefatter: T h e s h pf a t t e d upguickl~! We got a lot of positive feedback about the p m causes you problems: Tht W r nfought back lo
gmmme. 2 an unpleasant now? pruduoed by Qv+adv+n +v+dpmn+adv
o We'refattening the Irwstock upforslaughtm some electrical quipment when some of the w m the game. o Don't let them buI@ you Fight
@v+adv + v+n/pron+edv v+adv+n
bock)

power returnstothesystem +v+*

.. . .I.l.g--h~-t.b--a-c~k.-...-..-.~~..n.-...-..-..-...-.... ..................... ........ 83 . .... . . . ... .... ..................-,......,,,. .,,, *. -,.......... .........................................9..1t........,.......,,.,.. ,,,, ,,,,.. ..............................-...............fl..r..m...o...f.f.

,fight 'baek sth: $lgM Mhem 'back to !ry fill jnz/ Y l d for sb (lnru)to decide in a murtof law that mFlntph &h is d with almost the same
s l ~IsInnocent: ThejuryfouIKdforthed@endunt. meaning.
hard not to show your feellngso r not to do sth: ,flll 'In (lor sb) to take sb's place for a short t h e
and do the work they normally do: Who'sfifling .... ....QV+WP Qv+nlpmn+& v*adu+n
Shetried Zofight back thetears. infiryou whfleyou 'matmy?
find 'out(about sthlsb, that how ok),,find ,flnlsh 'up 1[* adI/pmpF ( o h pnish u p dahg
EG tears, urge Qv+adv
sth 'out(about sthlsb) to learn a fact, a piece of sth) (fsp&ufI~BrEj to reach or come to a par-
W A noun must alwaysfollowback, butagro- information, or the truthabout s t h b : Sheruon'l t~cularplace,stateosrituationafter alongseries
noun comes between the verb and back. ,fill sb 'In (em ah)to give sb all the detailsabout

+v+adv+n v+pmn+adv sth that has happened: Can you Jill me in on be happy when shefindsout a b u t this. o 'Whnl of events, often without planning it:He lost con-
ulha~a~nhQppenhgwhfkI~asalutry?
,ffght 'down 8th; ,fight Wthem 'downto try drd she soy'' You'lI find out s w n mugh.'o trol of th.e m r undfinlshd up in the r i m o She
hard not to show an emotion that you are start- Qv+nlpmn+adv + v+adv+n When dfdyolrjEnrIou! [that) shewas dl? o Jneum slorttd out washing dishes andpnwhed up ns a

Ing to feel: Hefought down a rush of punk. o She ,flll 8th 'In 1( a h ,fill sth ' o u t e l l yAmE) to found out exactly what happened. o How didyou chex o Theyall ~ n t h e a n d I f i n i s h e dupdo~ng

fought down theanger that m rising in her complete a form, etc. by writing information on findthatout? most oj the ckaring up. i3E9 snd up, end up

EEi dealre,Impulse,panlc W Find out is oftenused with question words doing sth; wlnd up, wind up dolng 8th (infor-
W A noun must always follow down, but a it: You could fill in an applrmtion firm now o
Fill fnfhe Blank- wflh aneof thesew~sdso. msuchashow, what, whw,etc:lllmkmea whilelo man In t h ~ srneanlng, finish up is always
Jrnd out wlmt he was rmlly like. o Did you ever used s ~ t ehither an adjective, a phrase begin-
prurloun wmes between the verb and down. I've l$t gaps on the sheet for you lo fiII in the
6 v+edv+n v+pmn+adv pnd out whd did it?* If you &d sth oat, you do ning w ~ t ha preposition, o r doing slh. Note that
details. fwm,dstslls 2 to fill sth, such as a
,fight sbtdb 'offto resistsWsth or make themlit hole, a crack, etc. completery with a substanoe: soeither by chanceor byaskingor studying,You finish up does not mean the same as finish:
KO away, by fighting against t h e d i t : She man- We'll h u e to fill the holes in with cement.
ag& to fight her nttuckem oflo The company hob, crack 3 (espchlly BrE) to spend time can dIscwer a pi= of information that other Classespnishat 4pm. 2 (AmE)to complete what
fought off loughmmp?tition while you are waiting for sW5th: How shall we
fill in the time until hearrrves? people know but you didn't. You can also dis- you are doing; to dothelast part of sth:l'llfinish
attack, Illneaa Q v+ adv +n v+ nlpmn+adv (~~~
cwer s t h before anyoneelsedoes. up hereand join you Iah?,:
@ v+dpmn+adv + v+adv+n
+v+adv 4 v+abu+n v+pmn+& c v+n+adv Q I v+a& 4 v+a&+-lng

(mm) Tv+adv

,ffght 'out Wh,fight Il 'out to fight or argue ,fill 'outt~ become larger, rounder or fatter: 7%- ,flnd sb 'out ( h f o r m ) to discover that sb has ,flnlsk 5th 'up(es~In1lyA ~ t o d o t h e l a s t p a r t
b a b y ' s ~ I M o ~ blout m t l j ~E+XYdishonest or has done 8th wrong: fl you're of sth: to use what i s lei? of sth: Hestayed hornem
about 6th until it is settled: We rnrrslny interfire.
lab lhemjight ft out between t h e m h s . o The v+adv everfoundout,you'llgo toprison. JTnrshup hisassignmmi,

+lwmsJolyeht out a DOdrnu~ W Find sb out isoftenused inthe p m a h . Finish sth up is not used in the paasive.

battle,StrUggle,d m ,fill sth 'oul Ito make sth larger or more m m - Q u + nlpmn+a& + v + a & + n v+pmn+arhr a v + n + & ( k

W A noun must always follow out, but a plete: We'll need 60Ji1I the story out lomakeafull finish ITrnrU fwuent)
pronoun comesbetween theverb and out. page ankle. 2 (especiallyA m 0 = FrLL STH IN 1 I n i s h wRh sb ( i q f w r ) 1(BrEJto end arela-

@ v+adv+n v+pmn+adu Qv+nlpmn+adv 4 v+adv+n ,flnlsh 'off(wfth &), ,finish sth 'off (with M) t~onshlpwithsb:I'uefinishedwithAn6onia. DE3
(~nformnI)to have 9th as the last part of sth; to break up (wkh mb) 2 to stop punishing sb: He'll
figurerfiagr); ArnEafi&ar/ ,fill 'up;,fllll8th 'upI(withs W M ) If a container make sth end bydoingone IastthingrAffmn deli- neverdo that again oncel'vefinished with him!
or a pTace fills up o r sb fills i t up, it becomes ciousrnwlmfinkhedfl with mJTeeand mints, o Q V + P ~ ~ P
The#nc@lJinished off with the h n d ' s late9hit- 'flnlsh wRh sth 1to no longer need to use sth:
'figure on sth: 'figure on s h t h dolng nth completely full: The mtaumnr wap kginning to o Thebandfinishdoff theshow wtth their latest Crmyou washyour cup luhenyau'vefinishedwith
fill up, o She filled her g h s up again. o People hit. o I how lo go now can I leave you tofinish 117o Cnn I keep rhe book a Iittlp longer?I haven't
(mnformale,spmialIyAmE) to include sth in your began$Ilm~upfhee?npty mLs.X(wlthsth) to fill
plans; to plan sth: We hudnY fiBured on n long your vehicle with pelrowgas, etc: I need tofill up o f l o Her outfit mfinished4ff with nnuyshaes. finished with it yet. W Finish withBth is usu-
delay at the airpon. o I f i ~ u r eon being in New wrthpelrol kfore zue go. o Fill the lank up with
IEIHFinish and finish sth are also used with ally usedin the p e r f ~ cttenses m this meanmg. 2
York in January. diesel.
almost the samemeaning. (BrE,informl) to stop domg sth because you no
<3 V+PBP +v+adv + v+nlprm+adv r+adv+n Q v+actv v+nlpron+adv v+a@v+n longerwant to do it orenjoy it: Hemidhe m p n -

,figure S b M h 'outto cometo understand sMth b YII1-up n ( A ~ EtJhe action of Wing sth, par-
by thinking carefully: I muer couMfigure him ticularly of filling a car with petmugas
out. o Canyoufigureout whut'sgoingon? ,finish sb ' o f f ( i d o m ) tomake sb so unhappy ishad withfoolball. Finish with sth 16usu-
BB! work sb out:work stt~out tired, etc. that they cannot continue what they
=Figure sblsth o u t is often followed by a ,fill ablyoumdf 'upto gIvesbalotof fmlso that are doing Rwnniw m thud heal nearZyfinished ally used in the perfc'ct tcnscs or in the form be
question word such as haw, what, why, etc: Imn7t
figureout why he quit hisjob. they feel full; to eat as much as you mn: The hrmoff finishedwith s t h i n this meaning.
m l s at school neuer fill me up. 0 Eat lots @
6 u+nlpmn+adv v+a&+n pasta tofill yourself up. QV+PWP

Qv+dpmn+& W Finishsbcan alsobe used with almost the fire/Tara(r)/
same meaning.

,figure sth 'outto calculate the total amount of filter t~rlte(r)/ v+nlpron+ adv v +a&+ n (m) ,fire aWay (spoken, W m ) used to tell sb to

sth: Haueyoufg&outhow m h i t wIILcost? ,finersth 'outtoremove 5th h m a substance by ,finish sbMh 'off(ir&m)*Itodestroy orkill begin askingquestionsor tobegh to m k :'Can
passingit througha special substanceor device:
work 8th wl Usea sunmom lofilterout ultmvloletmys. sblsth, e s w i a l l y sWsth that is h d y i n j d : l askyou w m g u & i o r r ~ 7 " F h u ~ y ! '
Figure sth out is often followedby a ques-
Qv+adv+n a v+nlpmn+adv He lhought the soldters would cvm back andfin- Q v 4 m
tlun word such as what,how much,etc.
u h hlm on: o We ought lofinish thepwr unimnl ,fire sth 'off Ito s h w t a bullet from a gun: He
Qu+adv+n v+nlpmn+adv on: o (tigurative)The business had bmfinrshed
off b y f i m n c i n l d ~ u l t i e s2. (insport) to defeat a f i r d fl a uolbqr of shots. BEII gun, shot 2 to ask
find/famd/ ( b u d , found{faundo
person or team that you are campetlng against: a lot of questions, etc. quickly, one &r the
,file eth a'way to put papers, documents, etc. 'findagainat sb (lawjtodecide Ina court of law other: He fired off a wries of qwSIwns.BE
away in a place where you can findUlem easily: that sb is guiIty: The murr feud againrrl the Agassifin~hedhim ofl in threesets.
Everything is~?Ma m y in drawem. defendant. queuthm 3to wrltea letter, report,etc. quick%
@ v+ PWP &v+ntpion+sdv + v+adv+n often because you areangry:She wouldfire o r a
&v+rJpmn+sdv v+abu+n
,finish 8th 'Mltowmplete sth:I'mgaingtotry letter of protpsl in t k morning. letter 4 if

andfinrsh ofl my work tonight. 2 to use the lsst you k e offan m i l ,you send it: I ' m g o i q tofire

part of sth,especiallyfodor drink:He'sJinisW 4ff on e m i l to a newsgmyp. KF3 ernail

ofl olI the Icec m m ! +v+adv+n r v+pmn+adv 4 v+n+adv(mrp)

,Are sb/sth 'upto make sb/sthbewme excited or try mfit you In somewhere in the organization, i,seealw nx YOURSELFUP:PIX STHUP 1;PIX U P flare lflea(r);Aml%fler/

enthusiastic about sth: The mnnngerfired th@ DEEl get sb In, get rb lnto sth; get sth In, gel TO DO STH,FIX UP FOR 88 TO DO STH ,flare 'up 1 (of flames, a 51% etc.) to suddenly
burn more stmngly: ThefirnMred up RYI rrdded
team upat hawtime. sth lnto ath 2 to manageto find time to see sb or +v+nipn+adv v + a d v + n ( k s s ~ ~ O more wood. 2 if fighting, tension, anger, etc.
+v+nlpron+adv * v+adv+n
to do sth: The n u m willfir you in b e t m n other ,flx sth 'up 1 to arrange or organlze sth; to flares up, it starts very suddenlyandviolently:
m n g e for sb to have 8th: Hew you &@dyow
,fire sth 'up 1IAmE)to light a Rrr; to make sth apporntmrs. o How da you manage to fit so holmby up p t ?o Shall we ~ L Xup a meeting for Vrolencefkmd up in seueraI cities, o Thedispute
much intoyourduy? multdfiw up into a major crrsm. 3 if a person
hot: I Z I get the burgen -youfire up the grill. 2 &v+nlpron+adv r v+adv*n + v+dpmn+prep next week?mmeeting arrange sth +Me

( e s ~ i a l lAymEj to make anengine start operat- ,fit 'In with sth 1if an activityor went Bt8 in ( I ~ P I X U P TO DO STH, FIX UP FOR SB TO DO STR 2 flares up, they show sudden anger towards sb:
HeJhred up in afury and shouted at he^ 4 if an
ing:Shefiredup theengine. EBlenglne ( e s p i n l l y AmE)to repair,decorate, etc a r w m o f illness or injury flares up, it suddenly starts
again or becomes worse: Her asthma h f l a ~ d
&v+adv+n 4 v+nlpmn+sdv with sth else,theyexistorhappen together in an a house: TheyspentMaWfiing up theirhow. o
Wejixed up the onit es a study. ESJ hame, room
flrm~ m ; ~ m ~ f s m t easy or convenient way: Myjobfits in with look-

ing qfser myfarnil? 2 to adapt to what sb else is

,firmsth 'up( a h,Rnn'up hsfreqllent) 1if sb planning or to sb else's way of doing things: lB3 d o sth up (Brm3 (espetklly BrE) to build up again
T w ' v e g o t bo h r n tofit in with our rnedhds. 4
firmsupan arrangement, an agreement etc, it I'rLfir in with whntyou ~ n md5o. 3toagrw with or make something quickly, to make s t h ready: +v+adv
W m e s more definite or less llltely to change: ideas or information that you alreadyhaveal~~ut
I'll phone on the 25th lofirmup the details 7 the sblsth: Thal fits in wzth ewqlhing I've hPnrd We&edup a shelterforlhe night. r Tmrwrp n [usually sing.]1a sudden expres-
meetrng.o Prices will firm up hler Ihis yeru:EEl about he%
plans,agreement 2 to make sth, especially part +v+adv+n r v+pmn+adv v+n+adv(hs s o n of anger, violent feeling, etc: the [ntmtmm
of the bodsharderor more solid: Theseexercises Qv+&+pmp
JepUt) up W w e n thetwocountries 2 an occasion when

,fix yourself 'up(Am,i n f o m O to make your- an illness or injury starts again or quickly
self neat and attractive: Canyou woit?l'lljlrslgo bmmes worse

will8rm up those dtfficulla m q f your k d ~ ,Rt sb/sth 'OM( a h,Rt sb/.tk 'up) (Wnth) to andfirmyse-Y UP

&v+adv+n + v+pron+adv v+n+adv(mre) + supply s b t h with the dothen fwd, equipment, seeah FIX SB UP, FLX YOURSELF UP

v+adv elc. they need:Theshiphad to out W o r e +v+pron+adu ,flash sth a'round(also,flmk ath a'boutR P ~

the myage. o the high wsr of fitting.out o m s o ,fix 'up to do sth: ,flx 'up for sb to do sth cmlly BrE) (disapproving)to show sth valuable,

fishtmt Wefitfedhim out witha wtof dry clolhes. ( B E , yformcrb to make arrangements to do sth especially money or jewellery to people, or let
Wt sbMh out ISoffen used in the passive.
Wsh for sth (often in #hepmgmsiuelem) Q v+adv+n + v+nlprwa+adv or far sb to do sth: He'sfixed upfor her losee the them see it, to impress them: St0pflashing.w~
to try to make sb tell you $th,say sth nice to you, doctor on Thrarsdny.4 I'm fixed up with the momaround.
etc. by asklng them a question: Are youfishing
for wmplimnis? ,fit sb 'up(for sth) (BrE, irgfoml)to make sb schooltostmi in & p f t ? m k +v+nlprwr+adw
BE) arrangsto do sth;arrangefor ab to do
E!Ei lnforrnation,compnment~an@fefstti appear to be guilty of a crime that theyhave not ,flash 'Lack (to ah) if your mind or your
committed: m y "re tyhg lo fit me lyl fir the sth thoughts flaah back to sth that happened In the
ev+prep theft. past, you suddenly remember rt: My mind
4 S ~ B I I A~ XO STH UP 1;F I X SB UP,FIX YOURSELF flashed back to myfirst day atcollege.
)SYHI fmmm ub(morpformaO
,fish sbtsth 'out: ,fish gb/sth Mt of sth to &v+nlpron+adv r v+adv+n +UP Q v+adv
take or pull sblsth out af somewhere: Hefshed v+adv+toinf v+adv+prep+dpmn+lolnf
some change out of hi% pocket. o Several days ,flt s h t h 'up (wlth ah) = FITSEI/STH OUT (WITH b 'flashbackn 1[C] nT1a scene in a filmhnwie,
,fix sb with s t h (fornoif you IIXsb with a
later hwmr wasfished outof thriuer STH) look, etc., you look at them directly for a long b w k ,etc. which shows sththat happened earIier
time: Shefixedhrrn with a mMslare. 2 a sudden,veryclear,strongmemoryof sththat
Qv+nlpmn+adv v+adv+n *
fl~lhkpl @ v+ nlpmn+p g happenedtoywinthe~stthatissa&youfel
v +ntpron+adv+ prep
that you are living through the experience
'fix on sth to decfde to choose sth: We hawn't
again: She still has nightmores and v i v i d r n h -
/mfit (nttlng,fitted,Rthd,AmEusunllySyffnlng, fucd ona dalefor t k m t i n g y e # .
FEE)declde odupon ath; settle mnluponsth ,fizzle 'outfirm0 to fail or to end in a weak or backs of tlaeaccident.
fit R t exoept In the passive) disappinting way, often &er having started
skongly. The mmancefizzLd out offer a month. ,flash 'byrpast:,flash 'bytpaat sbrsth to g~
,fit 'in [withah)if sthdts in, It looks pleasant or Q V + P ~ ~ P e Themup attempt scwnfizzled out or pass very quickly; to go very quickly past
suitable with other things or in a particular 'flx sth on s h t h if you Ax your eyes or your sblsth: The &s jusf W h e d & 0 F h miWted
mind on sbtsth, you look at or think about Qr+adu themryjTmhpast thelmin w i d w .
place: The buikling M t fit In with the sur- themlitwith greatattention: Shefixed h r m on
rounding area. o 1:'san old horn, but ourfumk hisfm.o HISa t t e n t h w a s w o n a hrgedark Qv+adve v+prep

lurefitsm w U . ca,: flagtnreal{ a - 1

@v+adv E E l eyes,gaze,athmtlon ,flag s b l s t h "own to signal to the driver of a flattenl'fldl
W F i x 9th on sblsth is oFten used in the moving vehicle to stop, usually by waving your
,Rt 'In;Ft 'intosth 1to bethe right size or ahape passive. arm: He managed lojlag down a pzsing motor- ,flatten sthtyoumlf a'galnsW1onsbtsth to
ist. o The mlice amp jlngging abwn all heat?'
to go in a partlcularplace: Willall~urfurniture & v+ nlpmn+prep g c d s vehicles. press your body or part of your bDdy on or
fit in?o ThepianoumuIdn'tfifindothemm. 2 to E lWxtlcab, motoristE?B wavs sbl8th down
liveor work easily and naturally with a gmup of against sblsth: Shejlattened her ~ K Wnnd [ips
people: Tim neuerfitlerI In ai college. o Janejit- ,fix sb 'up;,fix youmetf 'up(hfommr)1(with Qv+adv+n r+nlpmn+adv oparnst the window o Illattened mysev agoinst
s t d la weflwiththerest of t h e s ~ o S h e ' s f i t & d sth) to a r r a n a for sb to have sth; to provide sb thewalllo I e t t l L e m ~ .
with 8th: Icunmyou up with mmwhere losiup @ v+nlpmn+prep
inlo the tmm well. 5 to have a particular role or o I h p e she mngets h e r s e i f w u p with a j o h
part in a plan, a situation, etc: Whered m ReJt flake{n&t ,Ratten 'out t if a road, an area of land, etc. flat-
In Informal spoken language Rx sb up sth tens oat.it gradually become8flat:qfterWordthe
rn'o I like ro know wherelftF in and what I have
is also used: Cun you& m rap an appointment munbgvsidejhtlem out. 2 to stop growing or going
lo do. o Wheredo 131 intoall Ihi.9 ,flake 'out (tnfbrmao1to collapse or fall asleep up. SnIes h n v e ~ a t ~ oinuthfe Instfewyeam.
for tomorrow? 2 (wlth sb) to arrange for sb to because you are very tired: I was so e r h a ~ k d Q v+adv
&v+adv + v+prep that I&ked out on the sofa. 2 (AmE)to begin to
meet sb who might become a boyhend or girl-
,m&lath 'in: ,fit s b t h 'Into sth 1 to find a friend,My broihermys he 1uanbm-eto& him up behavein a s k m g e way ,flattensth "outtomakesthmmpJetelyflat: She

place for sbtsth, espscially when there is not wrlhoneof myfriend% Qv+adu jratlened out theerumpkd Later on the desk.
much space: We mn'tfita sofa in here. 0 We will
Qv+adv+n + v+nlpmn+adv

flesh .......~.......'...*,. 102 ~......................... ........r...~.............

fleah/flex/ ,fflp sb 'off( A M ,shng)to raise yourmiddle An- arriveat aplaw in largenumbersor great quan- flush /WI

, f k h rdh 'out(with sth) to add more detailsor ger to sb in a veryrude gesture tities: Letters of supma have been flooding in ,flush d h a'wayto get rid d sth with a sudden
information to an a g m e n t an idea, a drawing, ev+nlpmn+adv v+a&+n quick flow of water: S h e p m the un& tub
etc: You nepdtofish out thehrresof your tdea e from alIouerthmuntrjr
,flip 'Out (irlformaL esperially Am&) to become letsow
bit more. o Thgr must be prepamd lo flesh out very angry or excited, or losem t m l pour in, pourInto sIh
W Flip is often used wlth this meaning, espp. Qv+nlpmn*adv + v+adv+n
theirstrategy wtth somdetails. cially in British English. e v + a d v v+prep

Qv+adv+n v+nlpmn+adu ,flaod sb "ut to force sb to leave their home ,flush sbmth 'out:,flushsbtsth 'outof sthto
f o r e a person or an animal to leave the place
becauseof a flaod: We wre-out by n burnt where they are hiding: The dogsflushed out the
deer that mere lefl in the wc& o The police
@v+adv wtermln. flushed thegunmen out of the building.

flick IWI ,flip 'over:,flip sth 'owrtoturn over, or to turn Flood sb oat I soffenu& in the lmssive. Qv+adv+n v+nlpmn+adv*
Q v+nlpmn+& + v+adv+n
,flfck AI 'd t o switch sthoff quickly:Hepicked sth over,onto theother sideor upsidedown: The
the light s ,nod 'overlYhmgh sb if a feeling floods
ofl wftchstht hofffffck~h dolphmflipped owr onto its back. o A huge wave
~llgh t~ o nflpfrw' the dinghyover over/thmugh you, it aiT& youvery strongly:d v+nlpron+adv+prep

&-v + n l ~.r o n + a d v v+adv+n +v+adv v+nlpmn+adv 4 v+adv+n grwtseweof reli&p@ t h l l g h her ,flush sth 'od;,flush sth 'out of sth to wash

,flick sth 'onto switch sthon quickly:HeJicked through sth turn Over the pages of a lsuarlrellef sth out, to get rid o f sth with a rush of water:
on the arr-conditioning.
llgM IEB w % c hsth on D D flick sth off bmk, ekc. quick]# or look through a pile of OV+P~~P Drink lots 4 f water toflush the poisons out 03
@ v+nlpmn+adv v+adu+n
papers, etc. without reading everything: He 'flood sth with sth to send sth somewhere in your M y .
,flick 'through ath to turn the pages of a h k ,
etc. quickly.or look through a pile of papers,etc. Ihmwh thepAotoSqurcMy. large numbers or amounts, sometimes more (Bv+nlpmn+adv v+adv+n *
without reading everything:Heflickedthmugh rr
EEl pages, magarlnsa IEE) tllek through Ith: than is nwessary: The switchboad wasfloodd v +nlprcn +a& +prep

--,,,leaf sth w!th calk a@r the programme. o flgumlive)

A, + "' Theworn w a s j h i e d with euenlng light.

magcuirre while he woited. W Flood sWsth with 8th is often used in the flutter a'round: ,flutter a'round sth ( a h
passive: The ofice wasflood& wrthmmpluinfs. ,flutterm'bout,,nuttera'boutm t h especially BrE)
pages, book,papem Rlpthmugh sth; 'flirt with 8th (writren) 1 to think a b u t or be @ v+nlpmn*prep
Ilf a bird or an Insect fluttersaround, it flies
leaf through sth:thumb through ath Interested in slh for a short time, but not very
seriously: Ipirted brWy wlth the M m of emi-
OV+P~~P flounder /VIavnda(r)l somewhere moving ~ t ws mgs very quickly: But-
terfliesflutte~around (thegorden). 2 If a per-
p m t i n ~ . Idea, W g M toy wlth sth 2
fling ml (flungIfhol,flung) ,floundera'round(BrEuLFo,Rwnder a ' W ) to son flutters around,they move quickly In a
to take risks or not worry about a dangerous
'fling yourself d sb (k&oml, disapprwing)to struggle to move or get somewherebecause i t Is nervous or excited way: My motmother fluttered
try too hard to show sb that you ate interestd in sltuatlon: toflirt with dangerldwthldlroster EEZi
them in a sexual way and make them interested dimcult, or because you do not know where you abutpicking things up undpuahg things awaJ
in you
danger,dlsastar are going: Pwpk werejloundering about in the &v+adv *v+prep

ev+ prep w t e q shouting and scswmzng. o~gugumtiw1) ,flutter 'downto mow gently throughthe air to
p u n d e d around trying 50 dec* whnt I ought the ground: WMshmkthe branchesand sewn?[
BE)thmvv ywmalf at rb todo next.
leucresfluIufd~own.
*9 v+ pmn prep evtadv
,float a'round;,floal a'rourtd sth ( B E a h @v+adv
W Inn yourself I- ath to startto do 5thwith a
lot of energy, enthusiasm and effort: When lhey ,float a ' W r o u n d , , h a t a W W m n d sth) l 'flow from $th(formooto come or result from fly /fb(f/llos,ftylng,f l w /flu:ltlwvn Iflavn:
5th: What benefits mightjTowjrom Rouing a stn-
split up sheflung herself into her ~ r l rro to ( u s u ~ l l yuwd in theheprogres5rw tenses)if an ~ d e a ~ l Eeuropean currency? AmE!lm/)
or a piece of news is floating amundtalmut, it
Jormhim 1sbeing talked about by a lot of pwple: Therp'sa IsuaJIb e n d t s l a h n t a g ~ ac,onsequencas ,fly a'round;,fly 8"muttdsth ( a h,ffy a'bwt.
,tfya ' W sthespthlly Bra (usmIIyused in the
EZE) throwplmetf lntosth rurrrurflwtingabout (them w )that she's h v - e V+PWP progressruefm.ses) if a story or a piece of news is
flyingaround, ~ti s being talked about by a lot of
ev+pr~+pre~ ing. EEL rurnwr, Idea BE)go around, go fluff 8th 'auVupto shake orbrush feathers, fur. people and passed from one person to another:
Stories about hu. w t areflying around among
,fling sth 'off (ir&rmal) to take clothes off arwnd sth2 if you say that an object is floatlng ham etc. so that they look bigger or softer: The the studenis. o Rumours h u e henflyingomud
qu~Eklyand carelessly: FZingingfl heromt, she aroundlabout you mean that you have swn lt brrdflufed ml itsfmealhers. o Let m e f l f l upyour the ofice.
sank intoan armchair: somewherebut de not know exactly where it is: prllowsforjvlu
Isthere a penfibstirag o h u t here .wrmewhere.P +v+adv v+prep
thmw stk off EE3 fllng 8th on EZi feather9
Q v+nlpmn+adv + v+adv+n &v+adv 4 v +. m. f l y at sb (of a person or an animal) to attack sb
*g v + a d v + n v+nlpmn+adv
,fling sth 'on(inforrrm0to put clothes on quickly suddenly and violently: Shejlew at him, hitting
Runkj m k t and kicking.
and carelessly: Just Jlhg a cwt on over your floodI f i d /
Funk 'nut;,flunkout of sth WmE,Wrma.0 Q V+PWP
pyi- ,flood 'back if a thought or a memory f l h to have to leave school or college because your
,gW*, thmwLfhon I E B R l n g s t h o W back, you remembersth suddenly an8 it affects markslgrades are not good enough: H e f l m k d ,fly 'byrpast1when time ffles bytpnw,it seems
you strongly: S M y a l l myfears cameflood- out (of culkge)k t y m to pass very quickly: My three ywm at col&
Qv+n/pmn+adu + v+adv+n Jkw by. o Whenyou have lobsof things todo, time
Qv+adv v+adv+prap ju.stjlies@st. EE3time, days, hwm, etc. W
ing buck. Fly can also be used with this meanink espe-
ciallywith the subject lime: Threwasso much to
Wip hsblsth (AmE slam& to begin to ljke sb EEiQ P l o d back is often used with the verb do the time ju$t o w . 2 when miles, etc fly
very much; to suddenly bwome very excited come. His ruordFcamej7muhgback lo me. bylpapt, a journey by car, bus, train or bicycle

+v+abv

a b u t stb attractive.pleasant,etc: S h e f i i p wfor ,tload 'in;, f f d 'Into 8th 1;if water, etc. floods
hts redhis ondfmkles. in or f l d s into a place, it mwes t o m or cover
lt. Heowned thedwrand w a l e r c a m e ~ I n gm.
Q v + prep
c.Sunshme.ft#ded into the m m .2 to wine to or
Yllp for sth; 'flip sb for sth 0=TOSS w~

SPH,TOS9 SB P O R STH

seems to passvery quickly:As the hemihfIewput a particular problem, subject or person: Srrspi- Told A In & Told B roundlmr A to wrap fool /ftl2l
Md w g o t c b o n d c h r lot h e m , thekidsgot c i o n m ~ o~n~hedr hushnd. o The grogmrnm sblsth in sth:ShegentlyJolded the baby in a h n -
was inteRded hfbclls atrenttan ongIobal warm- ket. o She folded a blanket mlrnd the baby o He ,fool a'round I(BrEalra ,1001 a'bout) sth)
+more andmoremlted. rsusllrnllas, countryslds ing. 2(of eyes, a camera, etc.) to be adjusted sa folded her in his arms (= be put his arms to waste time or behaw in a silly way: Stapfoob
v+adv that things can be seen clearly; to adjust sth so ing about wrlh that knre! 2 (wlth sb) (especially
that you can see thingsdearly: Rest your eyes by +amundher). Am& to have a casual sexual relationship wlth
,ffy 'irrrout; ,fly 'Into sth: ,fly 'out ot sth to ieitlng hmJDCILS on disiunt objects, o The c m - another person's partner or with sb who is not
arrivelleaw a plaw by plane: Sk'sflying out m em lw~sfmlrserIononOMwoman. *v + nlpron prep yourpartner: He'sk nfw1ingnround withother
join him in N u h b i nexI week.o SeuemI h& of women.S (AmE)if two people fool around they
*v+prep v+nlpmn+prep ,fold 'up;,fold Mh 'upto bend 8th or fold it so kiss and touch each other in a sexual way: We
stareflew into London last nightfor talks with the were fmlzng around on the much when my uhd
fog !fba:AmEfz@f,ast(-lla-1 that it IS smaller: The mapfolds up quftesmcrll.o wlked in.
PrimMlnister
-t see a h FLY SSIBTH IN~OUTP, LY SR~STH ,fog 'Up if a glass surPace fop a p it becomes Shefiided the klesrarpandpui it In herpxkel. .(gv+adv
IHTOIOUT OF STH coveredwith steam or drops of watwso that it is lE3 u M d , unfold8th
difficultto we in or through ~ t :The windsmm
*e v + a d v r v+prep v+adv+pmp started 20fog u p @ v+adv r v+adv+n * v+nlpmn+adv
IEZ)mlst up,mist rt uup;steam up,stearnsth
,fly sbtsth Virv'out;,fly sbEsth 'Into &, ,fly b ' f d d v p d j = FOLDAWAY Zit W L D AWAYhOWN,
sblsth 'out Of 8th to bring sWsth by plane to a k UP
place or take them away: Theyjlew us Ln byheli- Q v+e& FOLD STH AWAY~OWN
mptet 0 M supplies are beingfrownout imme-
dmrely. o Thetmvel mmmny rsjlying m ~ p 'foist sthsbmfself on sb ( a hW f rth, f o i l 0 /~To1w;AmET d m l ,force 'back sth;,force ltrthsm 'back to try
out of theam lomarrow.
sbllpumetf upon sb morefirma0 to force sb to ,follow'on1(fmm&)to oontinuewresult h m very hard not to show an emotion: Forcing brick
3 S e e a h FLY IN~DUTF, LY INTO STH, PLY OUT OF STH accept sth that they do not want or take care of 5th m a naturalor logical way:List@nmmfullvlo thewars,shemid& ond smiled.
sb that they do not want to: Hedoesn't by tafiisd
Qv+dpmn+& 4 v+adv+n his beIiefson everyom. o She resented having the theamwwandnaakesurefhalyournarlqwstion EEi Wan
childforsledon her whiletheprents went tmveI-
r + n i m + p r e p e v+n/pmn+adv+prep lrng abroad. Jolblus o n oFollowing on from what JrlI has A noun must alwaysfollow back,but a pro-
said, IU like to tolk about thefulure of the corn- noun comes betweenthe verb and back.* Farce
,fly 'Into sth if sb flies into a temper, etc., they Foist 8thon ~bis often used in the passive. p n j t 2 to leave a place after sb else and meet back sth is not used in the passive.
suddenly becomeextremelyangry: Heflies Inton @v+adv+n + v+pron+adv
rage whenyou m i i o n R ~ K +v+nlpmn+m them later: Youga now,I'IIfoIlow on N1Inler

eE3E rag*, ternpr, panlc Qvtadv n (especially Brm something that ,force 5th ' d m to make yourself eat or drlnk
v + prep 'foil-n 5th when you do not want to: Sheforred down her

,fly'off;,fly'off sthto comeoff sth suddenlyand continues or results from sth: the action of fol- brealfast.
lowing on h m sth: The m u i e Brthur 2' ump a e v + a d v + n r v+nlpron+adv
with force: ThmllcausedhergIosresbflyM sruxesSfulf o l l o w n 50 Arthur'. ofollow-on tpat-
'force 8th on sb (alwYo- sth upon sb more
Qr+adv*v+prep mmUtulks o aJol[owan wlI f o r m / )tomakesbaccept sththey donotwant to:
Idldn't want lolakethe mom bulshefomd iton
tly off the 'handle(imrma0to became md- ,follow 'through( s p a )to complete a stroke in me. o Teachersfeel that c h - are king f o r d
dcnly very angry tennis, golf, etc. by continuing to move the club,

etc. after you have hit the ball on them.

,ffy 'Out ,fly of ~ t =hFLY INXIUT, FLY INTO ,fold a'wayfdown;,fold sth a'wayt'downto Qv+achr ehnnw. cuts,b c l s l o n

S T H , FLY OUT OF STH be able to ;be bent or arranged ~ n t oa smaller or b ,follm'thrwgh ( a h Yollow-thmugh esm @ v + nlpron+prep

,fly sb/sth 'out;,fly sbhth 'out of 5th = FLY flatter shape that you can store or carry more chlIy AnaE) n (smrt) (in tennis, golf, e k ) the 'force ItseHhhemsdves on sb @lso TO-
Anal part of a strokeafter the ball has h e n hit Itself(themsslves upon sb more f o m f ) if sth
SBtSTH I N ~ U T F, LY SBlSTH INM STH, FLY SBJSTH easily; to bend or arrange sth in this way: The 3SWQhPOLLMW-THROUGH at FOLLOW THROUGH
bed canfold awojl o You canfold the u l e a w y forces itself on you,youcannot avoid becoming
OUT OF STH (WITH STH),FOLLOW STH THROUGH awarp of it. When he mad the letter the truth

,tly 'pas(=FLY B Y ~ A S T to m k e i r w r p m m +,follow 'through, ,follow sth Through to
complete sth you have begun or already done:
Wlf you want to talk about s newspaper,a forced itself on him.

.. p i ~ coef paper,etc. usefold urr. v + pmn+prep

,fost1w6hstbroaeydnpmstitrfba.faysWenfk'roseieobwntnfhegmftor(qefusrumfpoolehmwrsitewisixooltechnrh'ud)smnsIhoeoBcstrewrtcnEahossf)a.moItgZbpaotthrloooaeddgitnnoiraoivyfnstfegtmwsowbbhimyestaht:agthhwkitvtehnhien~saoygbt tr-,fofbc(bo9lalfd'rodfvroers+ydlcadtihtdtanhvowoearuna'snweytv1wo(+atsrnhyaeplaap~tbtpotm'mceffodnraor+dnaldea-wbddaseeovjtahfw.soianllyd;n,*edYad&ops+luodntutihpt a)atuwydaojyu[: ocSnahlney Thestoredid mtfolIotu through with Ihepromu- Yoroe yourself on sb ( a h Y- yourself

twn. o He ~ w r f o l l o wtshrngs through. uponabmoreformal)toforcesb to havesex wlth
&v+adv * v+adv+n v+n/pron+adv you when they do not want to, by using violence
to
b ,follow-'throughn the actlons that sb or by threatening them

completeorcontinuesth: Yourfollow~hmughon EE)r a p sb

theprojd wasnot very scatrs;factorjr. Qv+pmn+prep

EEZlor~ o o d 9 &v+nlpmn+adv + v+sdv+n 3see a h FOLLOW-THROUGII at FOLLOW THROUGH

sb o~ (wtth ~ t h ) ,fold sth 'back, 'over, 'down,etc. tobendsth , f 0 l l 0 '~Up;,follOW Sfh 'Up 1(with nth) to take 'fa- sth upon sb =FORCE sTH ON $8
further action about sth: You shuuldfolIowyow 'force ltselffthmselves upon sb = FORCE
@v+nlpmn+adv v+adr+n back, over, down, etc. so that one part of it Ties
letter u p with a phone call (= you should write ITSBLFITHAMIELVESOX SB
,fobsth 'offontonto sb(BrE,inforrid)totrlck flat on another: Hefolded the mrner of the page
sh into accepting stb that you do not want or sth over lomark h i s p k . first and then telephoner 2 to find out more 'fa- yourself upon sb =N R ~ E Y ~ U RON~ SB~ ~
that 1snot genuine: She i M t o f i b all her Junk
@v+nlpmn+adv t v+adv+n aboutsth sb has told vouor s u ~ e s t e tdo you: The

arf onlome. ,told 'down; ,fold sth "down = FOLD AWAY! poim areforbwing i p all t h e i d . o ~ t wb o ~ h f ~ e g e , f ~ d ~ ; ~ d b a ,
following up his idea laad, Id=, cornplalnt,
6 v+nEpmn+adv+prep DOWN, FOLD STH AWAYlDOWN matter EEL) dmaatipte slh ( ~ r e f o - t ) ,fofo'$ea'head 1 to move forward qui-: He

,foldsth 'Into8th; ,fold sth "In(in cooking)to +v+adv v+nlpron+adv r v+adv+n Jorgdahwd,prmtingand breathless.2(wiM 8th)

mix one substance gently with another, usually r 'follow-up (tosth) n [usuallysing.] something make progress quickly: he wmpany isf o p

Yocus an s h t h ;Yocus $th on s h t h ( a h with a spoon:GentfyfoldZhefiur info the mix- that continues sth. Tha 3-y IS Q ~ ~ l o w ttlop i w ~ h e r r dwith itsplans. o Jane's lungungeskiifs
ture. o &Id in lw egg ulhfiW. embled her t o f o m a h w d on t& mreer ladder:
'focusupon sblsth, k u a ath u p n sWathmore thegraastromire. oJolloru-uptteo-tlstudies BE)press aheadion (wlth ah)
forman 3 to give all your attention, effort, etc, to &v*ntpmn+prep * v + a d v + n + v+nlpmn+a&

.._.............................................................................* 107 ........*.-.........................f..u. ,m,..-b-. l--e--.

fork {f~kA; ~ E ~ T ~ I free / M I that they are no longer interested in sth or no ,fucksb a'round(BrEuhio,fuck sb &bout) (A,

,fork 'Wt (for sth), ,fork sth 'Out (Won 6th ,free s h t h 'upto do sth so that sb is able to do longer want to do sth: Inuestment wmpanies slung) to treat sb badly or in an u n h e l w way,
(i@rmnl) to pay a lot o f money for sth, espe- sth else; to make moneg: time, ete. availablefor a haw &en frigh- off byfearof losingmoney. causing them a delay:Don'lfwk me around.
E E l scam swath m y l o f f W A more polite informal way of saying this
cially when you do not want to: Ihad tope out particular purpose: Hauirag a m t n p f mme is mess sb around or, in British Englrsh, mess
@v+Wpmn+adv+v+a6u+n*v+nlpmn+prep
for e cab home.4I had tofork out m f o r a mb up 50 workonother t h w , o Insad50-freeu.amre sb about.
horn.
drsk s p m . +v+nEpmn+adv

E B shall out (hsth),*hell stk aut (for 8th) Free sWsth Is also u& with the same ,fritter sth alnay(on sth)towaste timeormoney ,hck '&(A, slrmg)used to tellsb veryrudely to
Q)v+abu * v+adv+n + v+pmn+adv + n~ean~ng. on things that are not usefbl or importatant: He's go a w a y : M o f f and leovemealone!

v+n+adv(mre) @ v+adv+n * v+pron+adv4 v + n + a d v ( h j t e - fr~tteredawayihemoney hwfalhmleft him. Qv+adv
EEl money, time
,fork sth 'orsr@mE+i @ o m O to pay for 8th 4wnt) ,tuck sb 'overUmE,A, slang) to treat sb very

especially when you donot want to: I haoI lofork freeze t t i - i z / ~ l m w ~ m ~ ~ m ~ & o u z l m ~ badly or unfairly: The company promised me a

over the SIOIotwiher Q v + a d v + n+ v+nlpmn+adv b i g m f l but thqr reallyf w k d meover:

Bv+adv+n 4 v+pron+edv + v+n+adv(less rfraum:A m E ' h f )

front /rt.hntt W A more polite informal way to say this is

Formj f m ; A m E b m / sth (informa0 toprwent sbfmm beingmrt of a 'front for sbrsth to reprrsent a group or an mess sb around.
gmup or takingpart inan activla buslnesa etc. organ~zationin order to hide a secret w an
illegal activity or protectthe person who is con- & v + nlpron+adv * v+adv+n (lessfwm0
,form 'up;,form sb 'upif sold& fo- up,or by being vesy unfriendly or making things very trolling it: The police muld not discover who he
difficult for them:Mycolhgues wrefreezingme ~uesfrontin$$o,: P c k 'up:,fucksth 'up(A,s h g )to spoilsthor
sb forms them up, they get into position in da sth badly; to makea stupid mistake: I f u ~ l msy
lmes: The general formed up his rnm0 Out. O ~ m e r i c a nrke Brmers mmploined t h t e v + prep fault -Ifucked up. o He 'sfuckedewrytnfww.
their crops werekingfmzen out of the market. A more pollte informal way to say this is
Iwmgformd UP intolines. ,front 'onto sth if a building fronts onto sth, it mess (sth)up or foul (sth) up.
Qv+adv v+adv+n + v+pmn+adv+ -This phrasal verb is often used ~nthe pas- @ v+adv + v+nipron+adv + v+adv+n
faces it: TheqparlrPlentfronBonto the h h . b Yuck-up n (A,shlrg) 4 a problem c a d by
v+n+arhr(mre) sl\-e.
QV+PW bad organhation or a stupid mistake- A
foulIfauli @ v+rdpmn+adv v+adv+n *
frosf / h s t ;~ r n ~ h s t l more polite informal way to say this is foul-up.
mfOu'ul p;,foul sth 'up(imformt)todosth badly: v*ntm+adv+m 2 (Amm a person who does sth badky or make3
to swll sth,especially ;by making mistakes:The b T r w z ~ unt(info&l, & ~ ~ l l y a~nractn ~ )
team can't G o d lo foul LIDin this game. o He of prwenting sb from being part of a group or -,frosl 'ovlarl'upto becomem r e d with frost:All stupid rnlstakes
admitted he'd compleblyfi~~ltehdings up. hwntaking part in an activity, a business, etc. the windowsfmsled up owmight.
)9YH) mesa up,mess sth up Qvtadv ,fucksb 'up(A,sdang)I to upsetorconfllsesbso
,freeze ' m rto b o r n e cove& by ice: Ther i w r frown /fraun/ ,,wn s ~ s t hmore
@ vtadv v+adv+n * v+n/pron+edw m m fi m s f m m zover: much that they are not able to deal with pmb-
-fl on sbmth (also
b 'foul-upn (inlormnl) a problem causedby bad Ice orrerlup Iems in their life= A more polite informal
organmation or a stupid mistake:an adminlshn- @ v+adv wav to sav this is mess ~buv. 2 MmE)to hit or
true foul-up o There luas a mmpuler foul-up at
the bank and cusfwnm were sent the wrong ,freeze 'up 1 if sth ft.eem up, it b e c D m kick sb i a r d many tunes &A more polite
staiemnk blocked with h e n liquid so that it cannot be
used: The p i w hadfmzen up. 2 if sb freezes forman to disapprove of sb/sth: om m w - i ~ f o m awlay to say thrs isbeat sb up.
found /fauna/ up, they are so nervous,frightend or excited +v+nlprcn+adv *v+adv+n
that they are unable to move. I was sa wrmusI anisfrotun on men not uwrzngjadrets.
froze up. .fueksd'UP@ ( A , s h ~th)oroughlymfised
~ r o - on/upon is often used in the
or disturbed
+v+adu passlve: Such behauiour tsfrowned upon. A more polite informal way to say this is

freshenl'ft.e~n/ +s e e a h SMILE O N ~ U P O NSB~STH rnwsed up.

,freshen 'up;,beahen ywrself 'up to wash A %, r nmn
and make yourself l w k clean and tidy after a
'found stb on sth ( o hYQUW d h U ~ Msth journey, befom a mwting, etc: I?l just fteshen 'ruck wlth sb to treat sb badly in a way that
morefirm0tobasesthon sth: TkirmI1cZusions {nayseflup bfmdinmr
tveW l a & y ~ o u n d e d o n g m ~ r k . fry /fra11(files,hying,M d ,Mod) makes them annoyed
e v + a d v* v+pmn+actv
,sr*, base sth ontupon ath ,fry& 'upto cmk fwd in oil especially in order A more polite way to express this is mess
W Found 8th onlupon sth is usually wed in to make a meal quickly: He pied up some eggs wlth sb.
O'*P~P
t h w~ss~ve attdpotlrhses.
(3 v + nlpron +prep
Qv+adv+n v+nlpron+adv fuelPfiwalJI-11-, AmE -I-)
h '-up n (BrE,enfirman a meal of fried food,
,Fuel 'up;,fuelsth 'upto put he1into a vehicle:I
,freshen ath 'up to make slh look cleaner and especially bacon,eggs,etc.
need tofuel up b@re 1 h?gin the tfip o mum-
,freak 'ovt: ,freak sb 'out (WmOif sb more attractiw A wt of p i n t willfmhen this
freaksout or If sthfteaksthemmt, !hey react frw)OnocoIdmrn~ngIIikelofwu1pwitha hot
mom up.
very smngly to sth that shocks, angers,excites Qv+nlpmn+adv v+edv*n ,tuck a'bout (wlth sth) (BrE)= FUCK AROUND breakfmt. o o p L ? m a hurry can fuel up their
mtsand Fhamseluesinomslop.
or frightens them: Idon'i know what happened m (WITH STH)
thexcsms.Ijustj?eakedou!. o IthoughlI'dmn a frighten +v+adv e v+nlpmn+adv + v+adv*n
,fuck sb ae'oout (Brm =PUCK SB AROUND

ghost -it reullyfmked meout. ,frl@Menslusth akrayfoPI;,frightensksth $uek &round(BrEaka ,fwk a'bout) (wlth sth) ,fumble a'round(aka,fumblea'boutesperially
a'way from sth I to make a person or an ani- ( A ,slang) to waste time by behaving in a silly BrE) to move awltwwdlx especially using your
=Freak and freak sb are used less often mal go away by making them feel afraid: The hands to do sth or to 5nd sth: Hefumblad around
nowef r i g h t e d the birds away. o I m t i m m lrse way: S ~ p f 1 1 ~ k f n g m l r n d a n d g i v e mhaened. in the dnrk ttying&find the law.
with thesame rneanlng. @ v+adv
a gun bfrighten dags awayfmm the hens. 2 to W A more polite informal way of saying this
4v+adv 4 v+n/pmn+adv + v + a d v + n ( h IS mess around or, in British English, mew
fww
about.
make a person or an organizat~onso nervous
6 v+adv

f."u..r..n. .l.s.h.....-.....=.....-.nm.- . . . . . . . .. -................1..0.8.llll....l...... ..................................... ...............*.............................

furnish /%mrJ; ArnE'fs:nu$/ -aabble.h-e b i t, Q'she's had tw kidnw tmnsphm and now her
famiKy Ore Fnbling On oWQfion.
Yurnlsh sbsth WItb 8th Vwmar)to supply or ,gabble anwayton.(abut ah) t~ talk quickly
provide sblsth with sth:Shefurnished him with and foralongtime about sthsothatpwple find it
theloas surround~ngthe case. dlmcult to understand you or become bored:
Bsupply sblath (with sthE ,k,mmneon the radio wasaabblimrrmylnafor-

@ v +ntpron+prep

fuss lfnsj 'W..edAre.g.ambling on the weatherkingj'ine on SaG

'fuss at sb (A,&') tocomplain to sb a b u t sWsU! "'"uJ
veryonen inan annoyingway:She'saIwaysfuss.
eKn language. o N m l a gabbledon abut her SgeeDl
ingat meabourmysmokim. hyfraeM'for hours.
4 v+adv
eV + P ~ ,gang 'up (agalndon ab) ((irdbrmab to join

'fuss over sbmthto payalot of attention,or tw together, especially to oppose, threaten, hurt or
much attention,to sblsth S& likeslohauesome
one lo fuss OWE 0 When she gels rtervow she gadl s ( 4 -~1 frrghten sb: My brothers are ahmys gmging up
f u m wer unirnmrnntdelaik
-Fuss over sb can be used in the passive:I ,gad albouUa'mund(o[d-f&foned, ii@rmal, z'

harp kine- owr humorous, esw5ully BrE) to go to different '**'"gPeS1
plaoeslookingfor funand excitement,especially
0v * ~ r e ~
when you shouldbe doing sthelse:I! 'strhubtim

he stopped~nddtgabout ond settleddown. .gas'up;,gasd h 'up(AmE,i@rmaD toputfhel

futz /hts/ & v +-a-dv - ~na vehicle:I'll have to gas up w o r e we leave. o
Haveyou &up thecar?
,fWa ' m n d (ArnE,spoken,slang)tespendtime
do~ngunimportant things:Ijlrstfulzed around gag is=%/ <ss-> EO fuel up, fuel sth UP
all morningandgotmthiwdone. Qv+adv 4 v+adv+n + v+nlpron+adv
mess aroundl B r 0 be 'gagglngfor sth (BrE,slang) (onlywed in
@v+&
the-Pron-ive lenses) if somebody is ga@ng gatherr 9 - r ) ~
for sth, they want ~tvery much: Weiwuereollgag-

g!nglbraburger o Nofallmkstfzssaregag~i~d,gather a'round; ,gather a'round s h t h

for it (= wantlng to have sex with sb). (nrEa h ,gather 'mund, ,gaYker 'mund bbIsM)

You canalsousebe gag- to do ~ J O O G to come together ln onc place, forming a group

baIlersgagging toplqvlor their country aroundsblsth:Everyontguihered around lo hwr

0V + P ~ P shesong. o They ollgathered round the table"

+v+adve v+prep

gainisem/ ,gather ath 'In to collect a quantity of t h W

'gain In ath to get more of a particularquality: especially amps,andputthemall togetherin one
The students are slowly gaining in mr@em. place
Dharmat cmp
E!Zi popularfty,contiden-, strsngth @v+nlpmn+adw + v*adw+n

Q v+prep ,gatttw'mund.,gather'roundsbMhISr.T)=

'gain on sbMh (aften d In the pmgmsIue
f e r n )to come closer to sblsth. especially sblsth LATHER AROUND, GATHER AROUND SBkTH

that you are chasing: We w e r g~ain&? on t k cur ,gather sth to'getherrup to bring bogether

infront. objects that have k n spread around: She

~V+PWP gathem9 together her Mongings and .@l
Dpapem,belongings, Mlngs

D l 3 Gather sth isusedlessoften with thesame

gear InMr):AmEgrI

'gear sth tottowards sb/sth; 'gear sth

- toflowads dolng 8thto make or change 8th
so that it is suitablefor a particular need or an
,gamble sth akay to lose 5th such as money, appropriatelevel or standard:Thegrogramme rs
your possessions, etc.by risking it/them on a clearly geared to a leennp alld*. 0 We uy to
cardgame,horn race,etc:Shegumbled awayan gwr our muices lo cuslomers' r e q u h m e n t o
The poi& is geared lo~uardsonratting nu-
our m n q r
EZEJ m o n q back towork.
+ v + a d v + n + v+nlpron+adv This phrasal verb is u s d y used in the

'gamble on sth; 'gamble on doing ath: passlve.
'gamblean sbrsth doing sth to take a risk
with sth, hoping that yoit or ~twill be succeasful: Qv+nlpmn+w

,@ear'up(fMahlto do sth), ,gearsbmthryour- ,get a'bod sth (Brm=GET naouw STH &., g d a'long(informal)1( o m wedin t h e ~ m mwhal are you. w he, pettin@at7
self 'up(forsthtlo do ah)to be prepared, ready
and able to do sth; to become or make sWsth1 ,geta'boveyourself( @ s p e c t a l l y ( & cornsiveimses)to leaveaplaoe:16'shte.We'd belterbe (spoken) used to ask.often in an anm way.what
I RIheprogressiwEenses)to have toohigh anopin- getlmg along. o One more and then I musf sb islwas suggestmg: Whnt m c t l y are you get-
yourself ready, prepamd or able to do sth: The ion of yourself; to behave as iE you are better getalong. + s e e o l s o ~O~N ~57Iwlth sWtOg6ther) trng o t 7 0 1 see what you're getting ai, but Im
phyers are gearing up (or the big game. o The than other people: She's bmz w i n g a bit u h v e sfraid f can't help you with thut.
hospituI i s gearing iisev up to dm1 with new herself since winning thataward. +=GET O H ~ ~ ( W ~ ~ ~ S ~ ~ ) = C W O F I ~
v+adv ,get a'way 1 to have a holidaylvamtion: We're
pltlenls. Ov+vre~+pron
Gear shth up is usually u& in the ,get anround(BrE afm ,gat a'bout) I (informal) hoprngfogetaway fora&w&ysrrtEastm 0 WlII
,get a'Cmss(toab) to be communicatedlo sb or to mwe fromplacetoplaw;to go to lots of differ- you manage get owny thisywr?2 (fmm sthl...)
paaswe.
understood by sb: T h megsnge isjinnlly getting ent places: You certainly get around! Paris om to succeed in leavlng a place I t tlms rnisdqv
@ v + a d v r v+ntpmn+adv v+adv+n before we$mlly managed tog& almy.o I won't
a c m to thepublic. minute.Bonn the next. o Shemn uwmy cortoget be obIetoget awayfrom the ofice W o r eZ3(fmm
around whsle s b ' s here. 2 (of news, a piece of
+v+adv sblsthl...) to escape kom sb or a plaw: The
information, etc.) to -me known by a lot of thievesgot away in a blw uaa o You're not gei-
,gee 'up(BrE)u& to tell a horse to start moving ,get a'cross; ,gel a'cross sth to move h m I r n g a m y f o r n me so a s i l y ! 4 ,* 'awry (with
or to go faster one side of a river, a bridge, a street, etc, to the people: The news of her mignation s w n got
other:How mn we get acrossm the khndPo The around o Word soon got amund lhut lhey were you)! (BrE,spoken,h m ~ n g o I d f ( ~ ~ h i o n e & u ~
Qv+& onbwqvlo~~ossIhelakersQboQI.oCan
hauing an aflai~3 to have an active social life to show that you Rnd it djmcult to believe what
,geesb 'Up(BrE)toencowagesbto work harder m get across the city without Raving to use the and be aware of what is happening: It's tirneyou sb has just said: Get away! You wuld n e w run
or faster or to perform better: Their success Inrt thatfar! o 'I'mgorng to Isve in Chrm"Maway
subway? m t around more. + a a h GET OUT 2 4 (Mar-
week willgce the lenm up, withyou!'-
v+nlpron+adv 4 v+adv+n *+v+arhr v+prep ma{,disapproulng) to have sexual relationships

,gen 'up;,gen sb@ou-W 'up (on 8th) (old. ,get8th a ' c m( a h , g s t 8th 'averlessfrequent) w ~ t lhots of dmerent people 5 =GRT ABOUT 1 go on
fashioned. BrE, idormu0 to findo u t a b u t sth;to (to sb) to communicate sth to sb; to make sth
get or give sb information on sth: I must gem clear tosb: He'smt w r y m a d g e l t i n g h u .Idws Qv+adv @v+adv
mysekf upfor #hernhruiew. acrrrss ta the class. o You'll have ED *ink of new
masof getting your msmgeacrosselfectiwly. ,gel a'mund;,(let a'round sth = GET ROUND, '@away n[usuallysing.]1the actof leavinga
@v+adv r v+nlpmn+achr E E mensage. polnt,idea EfR) put 8th across place in a h u m , especially after committing a
Get sth acrossis not used in the passive. GET ROUND STH crime: Theymadea quickgehm~2t a short holi-
Q wtnlpmn*adv * v+adu+n daylvamtion; a place for this: Ihepopuhr hhnd
,geta'mundsb(apciullyAnrE)=GET ROUND SB

,get a'round sth ( B r E e h ,get a'bout sth, , g d ~ e i a w w o fpen an^
'rwnd 8th) 1 to mwe around a city a countm
etc. It's caw to get around Am&m ,get a'wayfrom ath;,gela-y from ddng
on a sth to start doing sth in a difFerent way or talk-

Wt /set/(gemnabgot,wt Ignt AmEsnal) ,get sblsth a'crtws sth (also ,gel sWtth 'orsr hrcycle.3 (of news, a piece of infomation, etc.) ins about a different subjmt. The clubshouldget
8th) to move sblsth, or to help sblsth mow, fbm
to become known by a lot of wop1e: News soon away from rts oldfmhioned rmqge and try to

IEfEin spoken American English,the past par- one side of 8th such as a road,river, bridge,wall, gets round the o m . o M didn't lake longfor the atlrm younger m p k . o I frWto get aluayfmm
the sub~ectofhbies,
tlc~plegotten isalmost alwaysused. etc. to the other W'vs got to get supplies n c m rumour to get aall mound town. 3 (especially

the border somhoul o We got all the injured sol- A@ =GET ROUND STH 3 (immnQ v+ adv + oreo
h a&; *om all
--about -In dierswmss the rivel: o RiEIygotthemny overthe QV+P~F to h a w a
sbwe 174 -Inon short holidaylvacation in a quiet place where
jumps withd W l [ y . ,get a'round to eth: ,get a'round to doing
-a c r o s s -Inw@h Get sblsth acrwss sth is not used in the
aRsr -into ~ f =hGET ROUNDlAAOUND TO STH, GET ROUND! you can relax them%nogetting a'way firom wth,
+passive,
-ahead, aheadof 115 -off v +nlpron+prep AROUND TO DOING STH you can't get amwafyrom sth you have to admit
111 -along -offon
'get d sb (Wrmao1 (uswilybr in the pm that sth unpleasant is true: There's no getting
--around -offffer ,get 'Met sb (irllbrmal, e s m l l y Am& 1 to gressive t e r n ) to keep criticizingsb:S mk p r - awayfrom thefact that hb mistoke lost thegame
around to keep asking or telling sb to do sth, often in an en& are always getting at him o Shefeels she's fir hLs #emn.
-at -off on duiw annoying way: She's been gettingafter me totake
-away -oWwih being got a!. 2 to influence sb, especially ,get sbrsth a'way from sth to remove sWsth
116 -on u vacation. o I had to get after Jack to clearn his
-awayfmm Lllegally, for example by threaten~ngthem or from somewhere: Gef that dog a w f m m me!4
--on at room. 2 to try to catch sb, especialIy after they
-away* onto.on to havetwmmitted a crime: W e d t obe lougheron offer~ngmoneyi+n order to persuade them to say Someone was hying lo gei A n ~ e l aawayl7vmthe
-back 117 -out,OVtd 5th untrue oract in an unfair way: Oneof the wil- lufndo~.
those who w m i t crimeandget after drug u s m
-112 -backat -OM@ more. nesses had ken got a#.o They e m tried gehling ~ G e t s W B t h a w a y ~ s t h I s n o t u s e d i n
back into 118 -over
a t thejudge. +the paqsiw.
-back to r *past *V+P~P Get at ~bcanbe usedh the passive. v + nlpmn+adv +prep
-back m
-back wilh --round ,get a'head;,get a'head of sb to make more Q v +prep ,get a'way wtth sth I to steal sth and escape
-behind ~ u n tdo progress than other people, companies, etc.; to
-through k o m e successful in your ltfe or your career:It 'get at sbtsth to reach or obtain sWsU1; to h d a with it: Thieues mirled the hbonk and got away
-beyond isn't eusy toget ahead in the movie business. o By
-119 -to way of entering a place, talking to sb,looking a t with ESOWO. 2 (also .get a'way wlth d D 1 s~th)
-bv logether sth, etc: Thefllesare locked up andlcan'tgel at (informan to do 5th wrong and not be punishcd
-down 120 -up
-upaslin doing extra homework,he h e n got ahead of his them. o Imn'tgeiatmy inherifamuntilI'm 21. or criticized for it. I can't Wleueyouchealed in
-113 -downon -up to ciassmases.
d m to llEll3Get at sblath can be used in the passive: the exnm and got away with it! o N o W y gets
Q v t a d v v+adu+prep putitlnap[ace urhmitmn btgotatmsily.
away with iinsulting me like that. 3 to receive a
,get a ' b w lIBrEalso ,gela'mund) if sb who is D U gel a ' h a d of p u m U to tell sb pth before B v + prep relatively light pmiphment: For s& a serious
you have fully expla~nedthe background or the
old or ill gets about, they me able to move mm 'getat sthtolearn,discwerorRndout~We've ajJhcehe was lucky tog& a m with afine.EEJ
details that they need to know f i s t
place to place without difficulty: Shegets about got to get at the truth. flne, warning
with the h l p 4f a slick. 2 (BrO =GET AROUND
+E E t r u t h ~ V t n d 8 t h o U Q v + adv +prep
Q v+adv v + prep
,get 'back 1(hodto sthl...)to return,especially

to your home: What t i m dfd you get back Inst

nwht?o Weonlygot bockfrom oar tripypsle&p

.g...e..l...b...a..c...k....-.1............................... *l.III.* -..1...12...............-............... .......................... ....................... _L..3..................... ...........-.................................................m..........i.n.

o It'll takeusten mneinutes#ogetthemand$vemln- ,get 'baek with sb; ,get baek te'getherto in the country than the place where pou live: ,getsblsth *downnth tomanagetomweshlsth
urn&get back.2(from sWsth)(usedespeciallyto begin a rumantic relationship with sb again, How long did it tukeyou logetdown here?ED from a higher plaw ta a lower one,for example
giw orders) to move away from a place, a person aRer you have been apart for Bome time: Jack's get up 4 [from sth) (BrE)(of children) to leave using stairs, a rope,a ladder, etc:I wn'l gei the
or sth that is h a p m m g : Gel back or I'll s h t ! getting back with hisexexgirlfriendo.Jackand his
+EE)atand bnck:back oW the table after a meal: Please m y I get down h k m w down rhesmlrson myown
v+adv grrifriend oregetting back m e W Get sMsth dawn rsth cannot be used In the
+S W C I ~ G E TTOGETHER 2 (from the mbk)?5 (to sth) (spken,inform0 to pas~ive.
go to a p h w I'll get down there slraighi m y . o
,get sb 'baekT topwsuadesbto begin amman- ev+adv+pmp v+adv+adv I'ue got five minutes logel down 50 !he store. 6 Q v + nlpmn+prep

tlc relationshipwith you again, after you have ,getbe'hlnd(wlthsth)tonot goasfast as Pnwes- (A&, informnf) to relax and enjoy yourself. ,mat sth 'doWTl s b w u (imi-WIU0= GET SW

been apart for some time: I'wh n e ewerything I saryor asother-Ie; to not produce sthat the especldy in a very lively way: kt'sget down DOWN 1

cun@gether brick. 2 (for sthlfordoing 8th)(infor- r~ghtime:O m I @ behind (with my d)it's andmriy! ,get 'down on sb/sth(for sth)L4mE, s h g ) to

= GRT BACK AT SE vep hardtomtch ufi o We'regettinghhM with +v+adv think that sWsth ISwmng and to criticize them:

Get 6bback is not used inthepassive. t h rent. ,get 'down; ,get 'down Bfh to move h r n a She's alwuys getting down on m f o r coming in

Q u + nlpmn adv EE)d m p bahlnd,dmp behlnd~Wsthf;all h~gherplace to a lower one, for example using late. o I l ' s ~ l o ~ e t d o w n o n W @ m d a y t o d a y
stairs,a rope. a Ladder,etc: Whatmyoudoingon
,get sbtsth 'back(to ah!...) to take sblsth back behlnd,lall behlndsbEsth E g get ahsad +andfoixet the~rgoodpoinfi.
the 1abW"t down nowIo Didyou get down the v+ adv +prep
to a place afkerthey have been away Rom It: We'll &v+adv

get her back home &foremidnfght. ,get be'hiild ~ b M 1hto move into a p i t i o n hzll without any d&%ul@?0 How does water gd ,get 'downto sth:,get'downto dolng sth to
down the back of thesink?
ElllGet sWsth bnck isnot used in thepassive. behind sblsth:If yougetkhindth tree,she won't begin to do sth,to give serious attention to sth:
@ v + nlpmn + adv get up,get up sth Let >get damn tobusinessstmkhl aluay.0 Isn't
seeyou. o HeswmslogomndwhenhegetsMind +v+adv+v+prep it about limeyougot down to work70 RPnd the
,get sth 'back to obtain sth again afteryou have the w h l oJ a cm 2 to reveal theperson or thing
lost 11, spent it,lent it to sb, etc:She'sg~ht er OM responsible far starting or developing sth: This
job h c k . o I never lend mp.k books: y ~ mu ewr is a programnm@that really gets behind the wrld ,get sb 'down(i?$orman to make sb Peel sad or text all thc way through wore yon get down to
@ mp musk. 3 {especiallyAmE) to support depressed: This wwther is m l i y genhg ma trarnlaftL~t.
gel them back.o If ldon't Like thedress,mn Iget sWsth and help them to s u c d The whole town down. o Don't let itgetyoudown toommuch.
my monw bnck? o Thereisn'tmuch of a & m o f got behindhimtthewmpnign. EECi business,work

getting the w a l k k k (= it has beenstolen). depmS* 5b Qv+adv+pmp

EE5ilGet sth backcannot beused in the passive. ~ V + P ' B P EElIA Get sb downis not used in thepass*. ,get 'In, ,get 'Into sth 1 to arrive at a place:
When do you normally get In I= arrive home)
Q v+nlpmn+adv + v+adv+n(mre) ,get be'yand sth 4 ( a h,get'psa sth)tomove Q v+nlpron+adv f m m tuork?o What time do you gel into work m
the morning?o Thetmingot in loti?. o What frme
03II gel your 'breath k k (BrE)to start breath- or advance further than a particular place: I ...,get sb~sth' d m 1(to sthl ) to send or move doasyourjlrghtget intoHmtWw?Z ( a h,get 'In
Ing normally again after physical exercise: It hauen't been able to get kyond chaptkr one. o sWsth to a place, often a place further south in a
look me a whlle to pd my breath tuck qfterm - When we got kyond Yo& it started to smut 2 country:Get soiwlmdy down here stmight a m x sth informal) lo sucoeed In entering a place,
aing for the bbu 0 (t5gurative) I hown't hQd a (also,get ' m ~sth)to make progress so that you
o We'll newI to get !ha boat down to the south

moment lo get my b m t h back (= T've k e n very no Ionger do or are interested in a particular amst. rapp,get sWsth up 2 (ha h ) lo move especially a buirding:How did t k bbrghrs get
sWsth rroma higher position toa lowerone:Can in9 o Theybroke a window togel intothe h o w . o
busy) sincewecum backfrom Plllgrae. thing: Hasn't she got kyondlmt the slage of
yougetajar downfrom iheshe[fforme?o Hegat Youmnbtg&in(=to amncert.part): etc.)without
,get 'back at s b ( a h,getab 'back) (for s t m r sucking her thunab yet'?3 to become more than thehbydownfmm fhehr,~hchairandputkon a ticket. oMaybewemn@in the wlndow7EkB

dolng 5th) ( W o r n 0 to punish or hurt sb +sth: Whardourlossesget beyond lo%? thejlml: o Gel your head down! I= bend so that get out, get out of sth 3 ( a h,get 'In szh) to
because they have done sth unpleasant to you: v+~rev
This i~his way of getting back at m ~ %arrguing get W a 'joketo become annoyingand your head is low) He's goiw 0 shoot!= In enter or goinsidesth:Heranh thecaegar lnand

with him, o I'lIgether W k f i rwhatshe'sdone. no longer acceptable:T h bm f nisgettingbeyond informalspokenlanguage get sbdown sth and, dmw fl o I saw Jan getting intoa cnb. o Hurr).
pay ~bback (for sthtfor doingsth) ajoke tel'sgo ins&*
less often, get sb sth down,are also used. Cnn up u n d ~ eitnto bed. o Get in the car! o He needs
you get medourn that hook7 o Canyotigetm@that help gefting in the both. o l w k i l y the poison
@ v +adv +prep v +ntpron + adv
,get 'by tomanage to live or do a particular thing hkdown hasn't got into her bloodstreom o The smell of

,get back 'Into sth to start being interested or using the money, knowledge, equipment, etc. E X W Get sbkth down isnot used in the passive. smokegot Into all my c l o t h . ZEl get out, get
lnvolved In a particular activity again:She'If#y that youhave:Howldoesshegetbyonsuchasmall
to get k k into journalism when the kids start salury? o Wre you mmiw mom money now?' 'T +v+n/pmn+adv out of sth 4 tobe elected to a political pos~tion:

school,o How soon sburruld lgei back inlo serious ge~bjl'oShePgotadwdIiwlomeets,oshe'sget- ,get s t h 'downl ( a h ,gut sth 'dormM p u They need 326 smrci lo get in. o The Republimn
Iroining? ling by on uirtmElyno sleep o Jdon't kmw a lot i@rml) to swallow sth,usuallywith difficulty: mndidale go! in with a small rnaloritg o When
QJ Italian, but I mn get by. o 5% begh with,you The W i c i n ewas so horrible f muld hardly get it
+v+adv+prep can m t by with a few simple mls.o Getting by down. o Gel this tmdownyou,thenyorr 'llfwlbet- didsheflfintgeiintohrlinmentP5to gain aplace
isn'lgow' enoughfor me.I want to ksuceessfuI. ler DYQ swallow sth 2 to make a note of or at a school, college, univelgitx etc: S h ' s uppiled
,get 'back to sb to reply to sb or contact them for Cambridge,hut doesn'tknow if she'[lg@lIn.o
again by letter or by telephone:k u e a message Qv+adv
andI'I1get back toyou a s s w n a s I m . o T h q record sth: &t it down in writmg. oIjust m- Itriwltogei 1nloHanmrd,butIwasn'tmepled 6
nevergot bnck tomeabout myordm ,get 'by;,get 'by s M h = GET PAST, GET PAST aged loget down the car's reglslralIon numbe~o
(also ,get 'In sth informal) (BrE, sport) to be
+v+a&+prep SBISTH Dzd you get hrs name and telephone numbm chosenas a member of a sportsteam. Heplay&
d o w n l m note nth down: take ath dorm; w l l atthe aiulsfor thefootboItteam andgot in, o
,get 'back to sffr to startdoing or tatklng a h u t ,get ' d o w n I (from sth) to mow from a higher 11Ineuergei inlo the seniar srde.o Did you ger in
posit~onto a lower one:Thedrivergotdown~m writs sth down 3 to reduce sth, especially the lhet ~ m
sth agam:to return to sth: Toget back lo what I his t m k to help me. get up2 to bend down- cost or priceof sth:lfrwbrrr$nin,wemay ha&
~ y r ssaying e a r l i w . . . o O m I m s awake I wards from a standing pwltion and sit, kneel or to get the price down, 4 How can 1get my b l d +S e e a h GET lNT0 STH; GET INTO STH, GET

couldfl'l get h c k to sh&o Lei's get BncR fo the lie on theground:The childrengot down on their pressuredown? BE) bdng sth d m : lower sth SF~YOURSELFZNTOSTH
win?. hands and W a n d p w t e n d a d tobe lions. o He's
Q v+adv+prep going to s h t ! Get downlmPP,get up 3 (to -Get sth d m cannot k e used in the +v+adv + v+prep

passive. ,get 'in sth =GET IN,GET INTOSTH 236

sthl...I to visit or arrive at a place further south Q v+dpmn+adv + v+edv+n ( h s f r e q m t ) ,getsb 'In1tocaUsbtoyourhome,e~todoajob
1also v +nlpron+ prep foryou: W l l have togPlap1umM in fn mmendths

pipe. 2toattract a large audience:A p a n i o m h

usuallyge&tkcrowdP in. W pullab In 3( a h what has got Imto Ib?(spoken)used to say I& bo get with j u t a fiw b r u k 4 (BrE. to esape punishment: SRt-3 relying on ckwr
ilaformaDtogotoslep:Iwuldn't#&@ t o s b p lawyers .@get hi-off: o T W mam@ toget Rim
,getsb'lntosth)tofitsbinasmallplace: Canyou that sb has started to behave In a strange or dif- off thecharge.
get another person in (= in a car, for example)? h t night. 5 ( A M ,~ r t f o m lu,sually diwppraw W Get sb o r i s not used in the passive.
ferent way: What's gut inlo you? o 1don't know
M sbtsth In, fft sWsth Into rth 4 ( a h,get what'sgot into Georgia W I y -sheb so bad- in@)to be bold enouRh to say or do sth: I don't Qv+nlpmn+adr3alsov+nlpmn+pwp
know where you get off saying thnt musicians
sb 'Into sth) to make It possible for sb toget into fempetpd.
aplace,attend an event,etc: lmme tothestage
d o o ~canyouget m in? ,get 'Into8th1 toput ona pieceof clothing,espe- don't make much money 8 ( A M ,A) to have an ,get 8th 'off9 to sendsthby posthnail:Imustgel
these&ten fllonlght. D send sthoff (to sb)
Getsb incannot beused inthe passive. crally with difilculty:Icun'tm into lAeseshoes: orgasm(= strong feelingsof sexualpleasure)
they 'retmsmall, o Shewants toget intoo size 40.
+v+nlpron+adv + v+adv+n(rrsre) o Go upstairs and get into your pyjamas 2 to ev+adv 2 to remove sth from sth; to manage to remove

,get stb 'In1to oollector gather sthand bring it start acareer ina particularpmfession:Cnnyou get off ta a Rylrtg 'start;get off to a Hyerto sth from sth: Get your mat fland dm and sit
insidea plam:Didyougel in thed i n g when it giveme any aduiceon getting into M'wrtising? 3
storlad mining? o Can you gel the bags infrom make a very good start: The ream have got off down. o Her finger was m s w l k n t h t she
the car? o Weworked hardall week loget thecorn ( a h 'get into ddng sth) to become~nvolvedin
in. EB7 bring sth In 2 to buy a supply of 8th: an activ~tyt:o start 5th: Wegot into a conuersu- to a flying sari this m n . get off to a good, couldn'tget her ring o+,J BEi clothes, coat BE0
iionaboutpIIution. o Hegot intotakingdrugsot
bad, slow, etc. start to make a g o d , bad,slow, take sth off 3 to have permission from your

etc. startget off on the rlghth'mngToot(infnr- employer not W go to work for a particular

Huueyou~ut:otyourcwinI forthewinteryet?o UWI school.o Sam's alwaysgetting iniofi~hsso. Am mu0 to start a relat~omhipwelllbadly: Markand period of time: Can yau get some tfmeoff mI
YOII be gertrng any more of t h dresses into you s m g o u know what mu'w gelltng info?EZTi w k ? I?~[ see if I con #el she dny o J T D tlme,
Itnunaged togetof on the wmnc:foot.

,get'off;,get'off sb(irzJorm[)used to tell sbto day, w k take Sth Off off SM a h GET STH

(inJiortna0 Who'sgoing toget the beers in (= buy convanatlon. tlght, argument 4 to develop a stop touclkingsb.Getoff (me)!You're hurli~gmy OFF STSI 2
beer for everyMy)?3to manage to do,have,etc
habit, a routine, etc:I don't aunt loget into bad arm +=Get sthoffisnotusedinthepaasive.
sth, although there is not much time: I can only hobits. o We'uego1 into a routine wrth the +v+adu + v+prep v +nlpmn+adv
get ira an hour'spiam pmEk a day.o Weought h b y now, o Get tm the habtr of checkingyour mt kt 'otl (with sb) (AMA,,slnng)to have
,gel 'off;,get 'off8th 1to leave a bus, train, s~xuarlelations with sb;to have strongfeelings
to ~ eitn another meeliw bef3w the end of the mrk mr%fullYE E i habit, mullneIEE9get out
of 5th 5 (Worm@ to h e l o p a taste for or an plane, etc. that you an?trawlling in: Ask the of scxual pleasum
month. 2B9 fit sth In 4 to manage to say sth, interest in sth: I'm reallygetttng intojazz t h e driver whew m get off o Lei's gel off the bus and
&ys. 6 tobecomefamiliar with 6th;tolearnsth: w a l k f h e r p s l q f I h ~ gpe~ton,gaonsth ,getsb 'offsth 1to helpsb to stop usinpor doing
usually when there are lots of people talking: + see a h GET OUT. GET OUT OF STH 2 2 to move sth that they areh the habit of using or doing.I
I hawn't m l l y got into my new job yet 7 to be yaur body mrn sth you are sitt~n&standing, needpfessmnal help loget meoff thealwhol t
She talks so much that it's impossible to get a found and used ina particular way or by particu- lyin& etc. on, down to the ground: Get 4ff th# w also GET OFF STH 4 2 to stop sbfromdiscuss-
word In. o 'Excuse me: I euentuaZ@got mn, T table a! o m ! o Yow bike'sgot afiat @re. You'd ingapartitularsubject.Icoulcfn't#ethrmofl~l-
think I m h l p y o a ' m wwd 5 to manage to lar people: I hope the story doesn't get inta the

finisha piem of work and give it to sb in author-

ity,for example yourteacher:Dld you manage to pupers. o I don't w n t thrsfik geltfng into the better get of land walk.^ get m,getonsth 3 i t b o r n he'd started3 =GET SB OFF3
get yourproject in on time?@(also,getsth 'Into wrung hands I= getting to people who should
sth)tofitsthinasrnallplace:Howare wegoingto to leavework with permission: I normallyget off SED gst sb onto sth
not seeft). atS30,butI'lltiylogeloflmrlier. o W~attimedo -Get sb off sth cannot IW uwd In the
get everything in?EY)fit sth in,Rt sth lnto stk +see a h GET r N , GET INTOSTH; GET INTO STH, you get oofJwork tomorrow? 4 to stop touching passlve.
Get 6th incannot be used in the passive sth: Get ofl those m h ! They'refor your gmnd- Qv+nlpron+prep
GET SB~YOURSBLFINTO STH
6 v+nlpmn+adv + v+adv+n purents. ,get sth 'off sb (~~~ to succedlin getting
Q v+oreo Qv+adv + v + m sb togiveyousth:Dirlywgetthatmoney~hlm?
3v+ adv + n + v+ nlpron+adv (Zesspcqwnt)
,get 'lnto'sth;,net sbrywnlielf 'Into ath to
4 also v +adv+s p w h reach a prticular state or condition, especially ,get 'off d h I to leave a place where you o Our mmcouidn'tgetthe ball off them
abad or unpleasantone;to make sb d othis:Jerty W G e t sb oft' 6th cannot be used in the
( o t ) get a word In 'sdlleways (AmE walwaysgetting intoIroubIeusa boy, oHer lit- shouldn't really be: Get OJT land!ECi hnd,
properky2 to stop discussing a particular sub- +paqslve.
(not) get a wwd In 'edgewise) to(not)beable to tle brother wasa~waysgettingherintottvubk o v + Wpmn +prep
ject: Doesn'tsheewrget ofl thesubjecl of mcrney?
say anythingbecausesb else 8s talkingtw much: My sense of humour often gets me inlo trouble! o rnsub~ect3 m stop us~ngthe telephone:Con ,getsth 'off uth 1tomanagetorernwe sthh m
Thecompany has got Into d~$vuities E= financial
W h n those twoget together:you can't W o w r d

m edgeways. you lell rrre w m jrou get off the phone? o Gel off sth; to m o v e sth h m somewhere:Can you get
that phone? I'm luaaing Jar a mil. phone, the topqfJ thls bottle? o Shego1ajarof co@@ofl
,get 'in on Sth (irsfot+m~to become involved or pmb1ems).o Hrs passion for sailing hrrs got him
line= get on d h 4 to stopusingordo~ng6th theshelf o Getyourfetfl thechnir!ltoget per-
take mrt in an activity:How did she mmge ro into debt. o That 3 a n o t k fine m rue got
gel in on the deal?o He's hoping 60get in on m y mysew into! o IAyou m i m e what you 'regetti&
that you have beenuslng or doing as a habit.I'm mission h m your employer not to go to work
d~l~ssionsuboutthenewprrjecf. lvouwu) i&P
determrnd hgei o r the dmgs. E L dnrgs, drlnk during a particular period of time:Do you think
+see alsoBE I N ON STH EZ9 get out d .th;get sblyouneifout of rth
+ see also CRT SR OFF STB 1 5 VlmD to say or you can get the w k dfmfi?EEtlme, day,
+v+adv+prep Get sb into sth cannot be used in the pas-
she. w r ~ tset h amusing ~ ~ + S # U ~ G STEH OT FF 3
m@,In on the ' a d (inform0 to become
involved in an activity that sb else has started, +~ 8 Ue ~ G E ITN,GET INTO STH; GET INTO STH +V+P@P h k 8 8th .off 8th

especially t o g e t s t h f o r y o u p s e l E S i m t h e s ~ @V+PP * v+nlpron+pre~ D X i get off my "baeWcas6 (spoken, f-1) -Get sth o f f sth m o t te uved in the
d thefirstfour-wheel drives,other mmpm&eosar@ D lget ub Into 'bed to persuade sbto havea sex-
used toasksb tostopannoylngyoubycriticizing passive.
getling in on tkneacl too. ual relationship with you
you or telling you to do t h m p get (m)off the Q I v+nlpron+prep
'gmundto start happning successfully;to make
,get 'In with sb (infotmab)to try to become ,get sb 'into sth =GET SB I N Q , ~ 2v+nipfm+prep+n
friendIpwith sb,espddly in d e r to gain an
advantage for yourself: Have you noticed how ,getsth 'into s t h =GET STH IN 7 sth do this: The projwt w w shiu In get off iht. ,get'of8on 5th:,get'off on doingsth(in&-
he's trying ta gel in with the h ? oShe got in ...ground. o togetanew mmpanyolf theground
wiinn badmwdtrtschool. ,get 'off 1 to leavea place or start a fourney: We mn tobecomevery excited b y sth,oftenina sex-
,get sb 'off 1(to ) to make or help sb leave a ual way or because of drugs: She seems toget off
+v+adv+prep ought lo get off shaighi am bmkfan, o to get
ofl lo bed,umrk 2 IWWIsth) to escape or nearly place or stattafourney:I?icume&rl'vegot the on shoutiingatppt
,get 'lntorb
escape punishment:He got off with 0 mallfine. chiIdrPno f f to school. 2 to make a baby, a child, @ v +adv +prep
bv+prep
o Companfes who m2lut.e t h e~nuimment haw etc. fall asleep: She go8 the h b y ~ ftf~ s k p @ ,get"ff vvith sb;,gd 'offwether(informal,
been~ettilrgqflrlightly3.(wlth8th) toesmpeor rocking her:o When did you eventwIEy get him
espmralIyHrE) to s t a d a sexualor romantic rela-
on?mbaby 3 (also.get sb 'off 5th)to help sb

nearIy escape iwuw in an accident: She ruas





(rO'..W.9! .......9...9........................................................1.2..1.

,get stusth toogethetrobringpeople or things mmgy 2 to organize sth such as a public m t F?EIhandnth b k (tosb); returnsth (tosb)

together in one place: She's getfing her Ikhgs or action: are getting up u atition (more~%r~iml)

together ready lo h u e . oDo you think you muld againsttheclosweof I h e ~ l s c h o o Io. W'reget- In informal language give sb back sth
elling u p u ~ fo~r ~hermblrshdqy. a n d , less often,glve sb sth back are also d:
gei lo~etherom J o r Saturday's match? o We're v+adv+n
getting.a h n d t o g e t k o (?Tgurutiue)We71lMed 2 v + & + n v+pmn+adv * v+n+adv(mm) Could you giveme k k mypn?oC o u l d y ~ u g i w

some iime togel our idm.s togethmandoom up get up ' s w to start to go faster: We'll be me my p?n brrck? In very informal spoken Eng-
lrsh,you can also say:fllgrueyou lt buck lomor-
with a p h o Canyou get the money tomher by
+row or I'll grvert you bQck lomrrow.
Friday? o Doyou think you mnget l o g e t k a p m o b i e i o g e t ~ s ~ o m w g e l o n l o ~ m t o ~ a y v + nlpmn+adv * v+ adv+ n

posal by n m w k 7 o I hauen'f got anythmng ,get sblsth 'upI(tosth)to sendormow sWsthto ,glw sb a'way 1 (in a marrlage oeremony)to 'glve sth for sth to w y or give a particular
logplherflrthe alp. amount to haveor do sth:How much didyougiw
another place. oftena place further north in the lead the woman who is getting married to the Jot thecar?o I'dglw awthinglbra mZd beet:
+v+nlpmn+adv 4 v+adv+n man she is golng to marry and formally allow
country: We d to get s o m b d y up there her to marry him: Her f a i f gaue her atmy. 2 + Give sth for 6th 1snot used in the passive.
get ywr ' k l wether (inform0tobecome strarfiht away o How can we ger all our q u i p v +Wpmn +prep
properly organized in oder to be able to deal men1 up to L?e&? EB get uWsth d m 2 ( a h to give a baby or a child to another person
to take careof as their own child: Shehad newr ,give 'in(tosbtsth)1to accept that you have been
with or achieve sth:$ he@& his& t o g d k he ,get sblsfh 'up nth)to move sblsth Worn a lower understood why her mother had @wn her awux cleffated or persuaded by sb: I g i w in -you'll
co~tldbe verysucce@ful o Thegouernmeni weds have to lell me the aT1swI:o EuentmlIy Ignue in
lo get its cxi tugether on unemployment. gel It position to a higher one:Curtyou get me up onlo + ~ ~ I S O G I V K S URP^ to tmpFationand had an I c e m r n . 2 to W y
t0'gethr (wlthsb) (:nfomL)1 tostarta roman- rhechair?~How didyou get l h e M the stat& agree to do sth that you do not want to do: We
tic or wxual relationshipwith sb: Ididn'l know (bv+nipron+adv + v+adv+n mustn't giw in to terrorist demands.o S h g I w s
Bill and Gina hod got it together! 2 to k a m e get ublsth down: get sb/sth down sth In, tothechilden ail thetime $aavaid arguments.
properly organized In order to be able to deal ,giw sblsthyourself a'way to do or say sth EBB holdout (agalnstablsIh)
with or achieve sth: The team naeds W gel it + Get sblsth up is not used inthe passlve. that showssth about sbESthlyoum1f that was a
logether if tlaey want W ulin themulch. v + nlpmn+a& 2 also v +nlpron+prep secret. It rws her eyes that gaue her away (=
showedhow she really felt).o He nevergives wry
,get yourself to'gatherto manage to control ,get sth 'up 1 to build sth; to put 6th into an
your feelinw in a d~ficulstituation:Sham& uprightposition: Thgtgot the buiiding up injust much away about A i m K o She ?I&giuen a m y +v+adv
ofew months. o Canyouget thetmt up whiklgo
outsidethedoor lo get herse(flogethes andfind waW72 if sbgets their hopesu p , they s t a t e m t s 60 theenemy 4Ifound Icould tell lies ,give sth I n(tosb)to hand sthto sb b~authority,
start to hope and believe that sth they want will confi&ntly w i t h n u t g i u h g m y numy

happen: I don't want to ger your hopes up, but for examplea teaches:PIeasegIveyour test in (lo
I33pull youmtf twether EFZl mrthlng,anything,IlttieE3 betraysblahl the twcher)whenyou %finished.
them will probably k a p h m on the coumJor
youwW (moreform0
+v+pron+adv you @GIonly hopes Ei9 hand sth In (tosb)

,get 'up 1 to stand afler sitting, kneeling. etc: Get sth u p 1snot used inthe passive. Qv+sdv+n *v+nlpmn+adv Qv+nlpron+adv4 v+adv+n

+I+;veryonegolup when thePmidetttmmein. o He v * nlpmn+a& +,give the 'game away to tell a secret, espe 'glue of sth; 'give of yournelf~ormol)t@o w

got upslowlyfrom hischair o Getup offt h e m r ! il3J get sbb 'buck up (fllSormcr1)to annoy sb:He c~allyby accident;to show sththat has hem hid- your time or money willingly to help other
2 [+ advlprep]to vklt or travel to a place(usually rpolly gets my back up when he hhaves like that! den:Idon't want tugiueI&garneamy by telling
somewhere further north m the country):When get It 'up (slang)(ofa man)to become sexually you how the rnouieends. people w~thoutexpecting them to do anything
b 'giveaway n (it$oraal) somethingthat mskes
areyou going logel up to Ghsgowfor a vlslt?o He excited so that the penis is hard and upright you guessthe real truth a b u t sth:Hemidhe was for you: She's always wining logfueor her time to
French, but his accent r n a h d g i w a l w y ! help the homeless.o The teacher emurages all
daesn'tgetupioseemve?yoften. 0 I m ' t beable ,get s w u r a e l f 'upa d n sthtodresssbmr- (=showed clearly that he wasnot French)
toga up there until ~ n e s d u pmppr get dorm 3 4 seealso GIVEAWAYat GIVE STtI AWAY thechlfdmntogfva of their kst.
if the sea or the wind gets up, lt increases in self in unusual or strange clothes: She WQS got
smngth and &comes violent' As the sun,went ,give sth a'way to give sth to sb as a giR:He EEl tCme, b a t
+up asan Indianprincess. ~ i d e d i o ~ i t r a m o s t ~ h I s m 0 ~o1W1 ~e h~ w1
down, a b-got up v +~lpron+ adv +prep 26% tickelsiogiveaumyfme too w viewem @ v+prep + v+pwp+pmn
4 v + nlpron+adv r r +a&+ n
b 'gabup n (oidfashianed, im~5rmaF)a set of F 'g4rreaway n { i ~ m Iso)mething that a com- ,give 'off ath: ,give IMhem 'off I to mute
pany gives he,usually with a product for sale,
Qv+adv clothes, usually an unusual or strange one:He to persuade people to buy it y . sth such as beat.llght, smoke,etc:Burningapple
sw a h GIVRAWAY at G I V E SB~STH~YOURSELF u m d giws f l o plwszng smell. E!Ql smsIl,
,m-~p.nd-'gon (informal)the quality of looked ridiculousin thatget-up! +amma, Ilght,gas seeolso GIVE STH OUT 2 2 to
being energeticanddetermined:She'sgolb&of
get-upand-go. ,get 'up to ath 1 to reach aparticularpint:We give a particular impressionbytheway you look

got up towge 72lastlesson.o Pusgot lo@up to or behave:Shegrsveofl'an air 4f mnJidmm.
,get 'up;,getsb 'upto get out of be tomake sb mwmediate kuel in Fremh in a ymr: 2 (infir-
get out of bed: Whattfmedoyouu s u a l I y ~~t~l op.9 man to k doing mbe involvedin sth, especially A noun must always follow off,but a prc-

Could you gei m up mrIy tomorrow?o Get up, sth that is surprising or unpleasant: Whi on AWAY noun comes betweentheverbandoK
you lazy thing!
& v + a d u + v+nlpmn+adv earth will h e ~ eutp lo next? o Whnthueyou kids t 'g-y v + adv n * v +pron+ adv (kssfrequent)
been gettiq up to?oThe h y s are lively andget
adj !only before noun] (irlformnl) 'glve onto sth (Brm if a door, a window. etc.
gives onto sth, it has a view o f it or leads dir-
,get 'up; ,get 'up sth to climb to the top of sth uptomfs~hIefal!&tyoShe'sbeengedhirgupto (ofprices) very low
ectly toit:French windowsgiveontoa h h ~ .
such as a hill, steps, etc: How did the # gei up heroM tricksagain! ,glvesb 'back (tonb)to returna &Id to its par- 4 v +prep
there?o He can't really get up the stairs on his ,give 'out1to cometo an end;to be uwdup:My
6v+ adv * prep ents:We l o u e o u r g m ~ i l d m dnear[%butweam

own. o Weused ropes to get u p the mountuin. o I happy mgive them buck at theendof theaky! patierrcefirur[Iygowout. o Wewerr?Jineuntil rhe
bnwtes In the torch gave out E B run out 2 K
had m get up on the &k and shoud lo get some- +v+ntpron+adv + v + & + n am engine, a machine, etc, given out, it stops
working,especiallykcause it Is old or damaged:
bxty'sallenthion. ataln, steps DPB get ,ginger sbMb 'up (BE)to make 8Wsth more ,give 5th 'back(tosb)toreturn sthto ita owner Oneof thep[one*sanginesgrrveout. o @gumfive)
E5El mountain, hlll, You mn't how it. Giue it back' o Haveyou a w n His henrt gaue ourj u t Wore his eightkth birth-
d m ,get down nth active, interesting or exciting: Some dancing back themoneyyou b a n o d f r o m y o l yfotherl o
wuId ginger up the p~lrljro They need s o m CQnyoulend me#?I'llgiveit h t k toyoulater o day. 1S'W,break down
@v+adv 4 v+prep The new [nwgiues~compwebrack t o i h e ~ p l e .
mcitemnl toginger them upabit. o (figuralrw) The operation guue him bnck t f ~ &v+adv
,(let "p sth1tomakeyoum?Ifteelexcited,Mlof +v+a&+n * v+ntpron+adv uw of his legs.
e n e m etcr I'm tryingtaget up thee n f i w h r n

todosomeChrlslmrrsshopping.BEl enthusiasm,

, g h 'out7 tohand8th toa lot of people: The m g l w 8b up for Vostrdo~ldVormal) to no ,glance 'werl'through sth to Imk at or read -abwl --128 -infor
Wher gave out the eram o I'll write up longer hopeor expectthat sbwiuarriveor i sstill sth very quicklyand not very thoroughly: Could In with
alfve youglalmce over this d ~ u m mfotr me? 0 IgInnced -about togsther
the r e ~ r t a n d g l uletout io thewhab d e p n m t . througha magazine while I walrad. It0
--about wlth
m-,leMetsmw sth out(t8Sb) ,give sth 'up 1to stop doing or havingsth:He's book, lint aomss -#
given up the ida of beEoming a model. o She'd 129 -off wlth
In informal spoken language give sb out given up all hope of seeing him agazn. 2 {to sb) 0 v + prep -after
to let sb else have sth, sometimes M u s e they -on
s t h isabaused r'llgiwyou out t h e m In& 2 ,glaze 'owr if a person's eyes glaze over,the -124 -aga~nst 130 -out.outuf
need it more than you: Chi[dren rarely give up -ahead
to plpduce sth,such as light or heap Thnl Inmp their =is to older people on buses now (= stand -along - outtor
up so that they can sit down). 3 (to sb) to hand
doesn't grw out a lol of light BIlgM. heat. -along with - out01
sth m r to sb else: Do I h u e to grve up my OH
ndsa+swolsoGlvR O F F STH, GlVE I T k H R M OFF 1 passport when I applyfor a new ow?4to spend -around -m

3 (Brm to tell pmple sth or broadcast sth: Nu time doing 5th when you would normally be person begin8 to look very b o d or tired: Her -around together 131 -averto
dolngsth e h : !l'honKsfoxgivrnl:upyour timelo
details of the midm1 have h e n glum out yet. o cumand help w.ElltFrne,the mwnlng,etc. 5 <yesg k e d over when they started talking about -around with -past
fmahul!,o I stnried toglaze ouer at that mint. 125 -at
The lwdm of #heopmition has giwn out dhal -round
Glaze cam aiso be used with the same -away
she i s resigning EBZl lnformdon BmB Give stb -awaywih --round together
nleantng:Herepsg&& with iears. -back r w n d wllh
out 1soften used In the passive m t h ~ms eaning. -back on
6 v+adv -through
e v + a d v + n + v+nlpron+adu 132 -throughwlth

,give 'wer(BrE,spoken, jrdbrmai) wed to tell sb (for sblto do ath)to stop doing or having 5th that -back o\rer --to
tmer
tostopdoingsth: Giueooes!ImnY ~ r k w i t h y o u you enjoy SO that you can do or achieve sth that - -back to
you consider more Important: I gave w every- 126 -before --
shouting like thud. ,glom 'anb sth ( A d , slung) to become wry
interested in 5th such as a new fashion or an -beyond -up against
Qv+adv thingfor myfamily. o Shegaue it all up lo he with -UPm
+idea: The whole nationglommedanlo thescandal. -h-v , -wth
,$shb~sth'- to sb to let sbhave hweblsthso him G k a 6thupisn o t o f l e n d i n t h e p a ~ i v e . v +prep -dm

thatthey rnlookafleror haverespmsibllityfor Qv+adv+n + r+pm+a& + v+n+adv(kfi -127 -downm
d.ownto.
themlit: Wegave the h o w ouer to my uncle when *que~~t)Sv+nlpmn+advv+adv+n -down wlth
w m tloliwabrwd. -MtM
kt's g h IIup for sb (spken,W m l ,e s p
*ev+nlpmn+adv+prep v+adv+n+prep -for 133 -up against

, g hsth 'over to sth to use sth only for a w- cu~llAy@ used to ask people to hit their hands 'glory In sth (Zi&mrji)I to get greatpleasure or -fOrth -UDlO
Pniovment fmm sth: He ~[orledin hls son%s w
t~culara c t ~ v i t y o r p u r p oTs ~k?zewspa!persguw together several times (to clap) to show they --forward -- 4 t h
approve of sb or have enjoyed sth ln Hltt.QtA
slrpanes over the tmgm o Much of W m u n -
rrysrde rsgtueno w r m a m l t u r e . ,giveymwrsetf 'up(tasblslh)to allow yourself to &s.b Igloried in k"ur;ty the sc@- 2 to
take pleasure in sth: She seemed tu glory in his ,IIO a'bout;,go a'bowldh: ,go a'bowtdo in^
Give 8th over to sth is often used In the be arrested or capturerl: Mer a u w k on Ihem d h &(a?!) = GO AROUND, GO AROUND STH, G O
k g u w h h I f up to t h e p l b ? , fiiP~m
pmsive.
surrender(to sblsth) AHOUNn DOING STH
+v+nlpron+adv+prap v+adv+n*prep v +pron+adv
'go about sth to continue to do sth in your usual
,give purww 'mrrup to sth; , g bpur- ,give 'up on sb ( t n f o r m l )2 to lme hope that sb
self 'overl'upto doinp sth tospend all your wlll get better, change, etc: I've givm up on her - wax especially after sth unusual has happened,
tlme and energy on sth, to dew sth to com- ,$Yoss 'war sth to treat sth such as a problem, to keep busy with 8th: E w r y M y lu~sgoing
pletely control your life:Mer his wire'sdeath,he She never repliestomy letters.o Histmcherssm mistake,etc as if it wasnot importantand avoid
.seemed togive himelf over W despair o Jumnl b
grw mysev owr to wrllingfull-fim. to hnw given up on him. 2 (pspwfdlyAmE) = ".'" -.discussina i t in detail:Themnnarrerf!Mover .
rnesLISwUIIL
GIVE SB UP 3
Jmur busmess, the knlmM M,.,,

the m m . s ' m n t ddecrt. o The mo-uiegiosses owr ev+prev

+v+pron+adv+m +v+adv+prep t h h e 2 issm of the mr:
~ ;overlsth ca~n be u~ses in~ p ~ h r e :,Q" "'bout sth; ,go a ' b u t doing fib to start
,give 'up;,give 8th "up; ,give 'updolng sth1 ,give *up on 8th (IiyimmD to stop hopingthat .~ ~ ~ s q ~ t ~ n ~ ~ n g ~ o ~ o w r ~to ywoprkoat~stih,~to~ap~proaaclh LorPdehal with 8th: I
tn stop wingto do sth,usually because it is too sth will be successful or will happen: I hnwn't AV~ r tnwn want to heln bulldon't knowhow togo a b w t it, o
dficult:ShehnZgrveup w i l y-shehemon gruen up on my marriage yet I= I think we can How should Igo aboratflndingajob70 You'temt
P1"Y
frying.o I tried b f i the car myseK bulgaue up save it). o Haw yougiwn up on the idw cf emi-
gnaw / n x ~ going h u t it the right wa$ o It seem a strange
the attempt qffera mupk of humUo IT'veSgiwn grating?
u p h y f ~ i a u ~ & n d h e t t s e e aIbN(~TO~ v ~+ v + a d v + p q rntuoy of ~ l n agbout things.
'gnawat rbtomakesb feel g r a d d m~ oreanx- mthlngs SM about **+set a w 601ng
snls~lr)2 to stop domg or hav~ng5th that you ,givepurseH 'up tosth:,give yourself 'up
iousor annoyed overa longperiodof time: These ath;tackle sth
consider unhealthy. It's about tzme you gaw up to doing sth =GIVE YOURSKLF OVERKIP TO STH, doub~hadkbeen~ingothimforsomtim.

smok~~. ClVI! YOIIHSI?I.F OVERhJP TO DOING STH ev+prep ,goa'boutwfthsb;,go a'bouttmgether(BrE)

@v+adv + v+adu+n + v*pmn+adv + v+n+adu glance~ 1 a m s ; ~ m ~ g l e n s l 1 8 "~ ~' W~Yatslhtomduan~ ,go= G.O,,A,R,O;U N D,gWIoTH SR .0 0 RAOUND TOGETHER
effect on sth over a long period of time: Hisatti- to a
( [ e s s f ~ l l e n t ) u+adv+-lng a

,glum sb 'up Ito stop having a Mendship or a ,gfanm 'off nth if a ball, etc gIances oflath, it zudesow ard s h e r g n a u p e d a w y a t n e r c o ~ ~road, a river,etc. in order to get to the other side:
relat~onshipwlkh sb:I'm mi go* hgiw up ol[ touches ~tlightlysnd movesaway k r n it inadW- @ v +a&+ prep Weborrowed a h t and went a m m tuthe &and.
myfriendsjust bemuse I'mgetling married o He ferent direction: The h l l ghnmd off the goal
gave herupforayowrgmmmn. 2 to giveababy post into the net. 90I w ; A d g w l (goesI s m ;A m E m l w e n t o Cangougonross thermdI0 thestom$or me7

awt'Wuodipeolsl'pobdatngerioilrsusn~eehvn+teoyoaeorbuirsulianlspiytg?milulAGpa:ImlViSvEEhejes:tnWogaAshWvteoerAepYthhh2eoa9pwbio(nyahgoylsutohuha,ptfgosrb?h ,gesF~utafnvlnagcsl+eahne'mcsfiolnrngoaonnsuwaraftahtecreifolrigihs tregfllaenctoeedsfroommonit:stht he /went/gone /gon;AmEgxn,gmnl) g+ + + prep

+r+n/pmn+adu + v+adv+nTalsov+abr+pp e v + p m 2used as the past participle go ,go 'me'ahsth to chaseor follow a person or ~

when sb has gone somewhere and come back. ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
,go a ' b u t ; ,go a'bod 8 t h (Brm =oo hRoUNn, f she'salIr&hl?2 to try to get or obtain sWsth:

GO A R O U N D STH 3

.g...o....a.~.g...a.l.n...m.. t 12

,gea'gaimlsb if a result,ajudgemenLetc. ,go anlong,; goa'long stb to move forward or Youcan'tgo roundspread*lgmmum like that.o ,go 'back1 Ito stht...) to return to a place whem

ageinst sb, it is not in their favour or to their from one end of sth towardsthe other: The h The kh% went around in grmgs, dnw& com- you were before:Can wgo tack inside?o I&

advantage:Thejuy 'suerdiclwentsgainsthim o m#kdasit m t a h n g . o Iwentakmgadarknar- pletely inblack. a cup of tmand wnl back lo bed. o WRen areyou

The war isgoingagainsfrrs. mmpswge,pasl sevmldoors. Go a r o u n ~ d ! a I x m tand go around1 going back to AuFhalia?2 (to ath) to return to
roundlabont sth are used with an adverb or a schwlorworZfBfterabmk:Thechildmhnueio
+~+PWP + v + & + "+prep

,goalgalfk!sts h t h toresist oroppose swath:to ,go a'long wlth sbmth 1 (mpmial[y BE)to phrase beginningwithapreposition. go back io school n& m k . 3 (kosblsth)to be ina

act m a differentway h r nwhat sb tells you or agree with ublsth: I can't go along with you on Qv+adv 4 v*prep situation lthat you were inbefore:Wecunnevergo
advises you to do:Anyone ldro gca againsl me that point. 2 to accept si!h or d o sth, especially
,go a'roundsbisth (BrEalso,go 'mudsblrth) back lo how things ruere before (= m a relation-
will hepunwhed. o He m g o i n g again* his doc- when you do not really want to: Theydidn't like to surround or go In a circle around sblsth: Ifelt ship, for example). o OllEe you h u e taken this
his arm going around my shoulde~o The belt decision, there's no going back.o I don't think
tor's advice by contrnuing to wrk.o mn't go the &, but thqr urent r n h g with it. o I didn't tuon'lgoround my waist!
Emily will go back tu her hwband (= l ~ v ewlth
againsryour~mnrs'w~shes. m t t o m k s h i m a n g q so IjlLslwnlaIong with QV + P ~ P h ~ r nagain).4 (to sth) to return to work after
,go a'rwnd sth (BrEo h ,go 'mud rlh) to
QV + P ~ P him(=Idtdn't arguewith him). bll In wlth being on strike: The strikers won't go back (lo
move or travel around a corner The mr's t y m work) until S h q . get a poy rise. 5 (to sth) (infor-
,go a'gafmststhtob e o p w o r m h w y t o s t h ; M(SrE) screeched us it m t round the bend. ohfaggie maO(of sththat youhaveboughtorborrowed)to
to not fit or agree with sth: ThIs goes agoinel *v+adu+prep watched mlL[JPSShad gone oround the corner
and wasout of sight. be returned to the place where you got it: This
ewyuthingiklieuein. o Payingformy children's ,go a'roundm=GO Rounn EEIonly comer, bend
Bdumtion goesugainsdnry pn'miples. Q V+PV Wter wrlihaw logo backDtheshop-it dwsn'l
,go a'round; ,go a'round 8th ( B ~ Eo b ,go murk pmperIy o When d m this vidm haw to go
EEi principles,b l M go mund tha 'Ibsndn*vfst( i M r m L e m hck' 6 (of clmks and watches) to be set to an
'mund, .go 'round sfh) 1 to visit a group o f earlier time when the time c h a n w at the end of
OV+P~V clalIy BrEj to go crazy: V I have to slay in this summer: Theclocks go bock loni@hi.Weget an
go agalmt the'gnln tobesth dlfPerentfbm people or places, one by one:I'll go am& and
checkalI t h d m n o m locked o Wespentallafter- placeanotherdn~J?lgoround the W ! m m hour in bed. I E 9 go forward
what is normal or natural Toryou and so sth you noongoing round theshops.o She went round the
do not like doing:It went aguinsl the gmIn ta table and snld g&Lye lo everyone. 2 (of a note, ,go a'round with s b ,go a'round together +v+a&
haw foagreewith my brother etc.)to b sent round a group of people so that (BrE also ,@aa'boutl'mund wtth sb, ,@ a'bouff
'mund together) ( b r n i n g oId-fihionad) to ,go 'back...I if twopwple go back a period of
,go a ' h d 1(also,goa'headef ab) to go inhnt everyone can read ~ tA: mrd'sgoing arwnrl for spend a lot of time with sb or with a gmup of
of other people who aregoing in thesamedirec- p w p k tosign. o A memo wentaround the depart- pmp1e:Anngoesaround wrthSm.oAnn and Sue time,they have knmeachother and havebeen
tton as you and arrive before them: She wens ment 3 EBrEalso ,a0a'- ,go a'bout sth) i f a goaround logether o Thesearelhepwple 1&6o frlendsforthat time:Adomand Igo back a long
goamundmilh.
ahmd of him into the house. o Yougo ahead an$ plece of news, an Illness, etc m s around,it way. 2 (also .go 'back to 8th) lo have existed
zue'ilfoilow when we'rereodp 2 (ofa plan, a prp spreads hnm one person to another Them%a Isr*,hangaround4 t h sb, h a q around since a parzicular time in the past: Ourfriend-
ject, a deal,etc.)tobe carriedout or happen: The rumurgorngarormd fhtSam ondKa6eamhau- shipgoes kckffi@enyeam o Thisnudition gaes
together back to mediewl times. date back...,date
buikiing of the new brldge mil[ go ahead as i n ~ a n a f oa T~h~ere'sa nnslyvtrusgoinground back to sth 3( o h,go'back to sth)to conslder
plnnned. o WImlng went ohead m spite of the thedwol. float amund,flolltaroundsth4 Qv+adv+prep + v+adv+adv
stb that happenedin the past: 3btracetReorrgins
h d m t h e r B B pmceed(formal)3{wfth ath) to move or be placed tn a circle. The cycIisl m 'go a4 sb to attack sb: He went at me like a wiki of thepmblem,we have iogo buck lo the 18thcen-
if sb m ahead with sth,they do it. although tury oi'mgoingbackafetuy@arsnow... (= I'm
there may be a problem, or sb may haveobjected going round the rormdabout the wmng m y . 0
Theeofih-mund the sun. o lfgumtiw) We're

or expressed doubts' In spite of her illness,Anna going roltnd in cimfes in this argument. 5 to be animal. talkingabout sth that happened some years ago)

decided lo go ahead milh the W i n g .o 'May f enoughfor everyoneto have a share:Therearm't *V+PW (B v +a& 2,3also v +adv +prep

start now?' 'Yes,go nhmd (= E give you permk- enough chairsto go round. o Is thereenoughfd 'go at sth to make m t a r t s todo sth, towork ,go 'back on 8th to fail to keep a promise; to
change your mind a b u t sth: She never gioes
s~on)',BE)pmceed (wfth 8th) togoaroundaIl thegUPS1S?B tomoveamund the hardand with enthusiasm at sth:They rwntat the
lob as If their livesdependadon it. 0 He wargoing back on her word [=failstodowhatshe has said
@v+adv$ alsovtadvtpmp outsideof 8th inorder togetpast sthorget tothe a! tRe.fmdasthoughhe hodn'teatenfirdqys.
she will do). o He went back om his promise. o I
t the"goahsad n [smg.]permissionorapproyal other side: We didn't go inio t k city, We went
for sth to start: Has the h m gimyou the m around rt.08Bmllseof thepmd, tw had m g o
ev+prgp don's like togo hckon what Isadd.
a h w dfor Ihepmjecl? round by the minor roads lo get to school. 7 to go at ii,hammerand longstf two people go
at it hammer and tongs,they argue or fight + your pmmlae,your word
b '-had d j[usuallybeforenounl(BrEjvery travel in a country or place and visit lots of dif- v+adv + prep
ambitious:tryinghardtosucoeed,&enbyusing ferent things:Wetr~ueoIround by bus. o They're
new methods and ideas: a goahead young sauing up to go around the world. o We're phn- w ~ tahlot of energy and noise
go 'back over sth to think abut sth again or
,goa'way1 toleave aplace or a person:Coaway! oflen: I wen! back o w Me day's euents in my
dagner ning logo round vrsitrgall thetempk Bto visit You're annoying me! o Go away and thfnk &out mind.

,goa'long1 to progreps; to develop or Improw: werypart of aroomor building:How Iongdoesit it a bid. 2 to leavehomefor a period of time,espe- 6v+adv+prep

Thingsoregoingalongnicelp 2 (tosit11(wlth sb) take togoaround themuseum7oA guide wrIigo ciallyfor a holidayWacation:They mmlatmyfor

to go somewhere or to an event with sb: I menl m u d withyou. the m k e M . o Are you going away on holiday ,~p'back to sth 1 to start talking abut sth
along lo the club a mupk of t i m . o Sam mid thisyear? o Shegoes away on businessa lot 3 to
+v+adv * v+pmp again: i% go brick to what you were saying
he'd go along60 theparty with us.3 (esjxxhliy disappear gradually: Thesmell still hasn't gone
ESlwhat , g ma~round 'E- around what- WOW... mhlm to Sth 2 = GO BACK... 2
A m 0 ta d o what sb else suggests or does: What- away. oHw your headache gone aluaylo The
ever msad Max uant rightnlom. ever happens now will have an effect in the longrng never went away. 3 =GO BACK... 3

furn Qv+adu*prep

gv+adv ,go a'round I* advlprepl, ,goa'mund d h [+ EE3 come b ~ ~ k ,go 'backto 8th;,go 'backto dolng 8th 1to

as y a g~o m k n g while you are doingsth: He advtpmp], ,go a'mund doing sth (BrE o h 6 v+adv startdoingsth again that you had stoppeddoing:

m a d e t h e s l o ~ y u ~ a s h e m a l o n g . o I l u o s ~,ga'roundlabut I+adv(prep1 ,go ' r o u n d l a W ,goa'way with Bfnto leave a place with a par- Tam Islrrred owr and writ t m k to sleep 0 I

&ugh1 how touseacomputer I i l l s l p W it was sth I+advlpmpf ,go'roundla'hbovtdolng SWI) to tlcularfeeling or impmslon:IdonY wantpeople wouldn't go back 50 living in the cw.o She3
rdecided to go back a0 teaching.o John's going
I uwnr abng dress or lwhave m a particular way; to do 5 t h togoaway mith the wrong idea back io college to get some more quolifimtmns.
Qv+adv+prep
regularly:She around bnrefmt most of the

tmm.o It's no1safe @gou h u i thestreets alone. o

2 (ofa situation)to return to what it wasbefore Mmnbershipnumbers hawgonedown m t l j r o knows wht'sgotng&wn. o Whul'sgoingdom? ( h m ) a lot, nothlng, ntc. 'golng Iw lVyw

sth eIse happened: Things huen't gone Gack lo The swelling has gone down n litrte. ZW) d w 23 (from...) (BrE,formal)to leave a university (to have) manyhotmany advantages: She has a

M~WZU~W tall go up 4 I*a&] if a remark a perform- (especiallyOxford or Cambridge)at the end of a @job she's &mctiue and intelligent- she
term or after finishing your studies: She went has a lot gotogfor he? o Thetown d m n l really
EY return ta sth ance,an action,etc goes down well or badly,etc.

Q v+ adv +prep it gets a good or bad reaction from people: Did down CfmmCumbridge)in1 9 5 4 . 5 go up have mmhgoingfor it.

,go be'fOm(lilemty)(notused fn t h e p r o g m ' v e yourmr/ormmmgodown all rrght (= did pe~ple @v+& 'go for d h 1 to choose sth:I think I*llgoJwthe
terns) to -1st or happen in an earlier time:The like it)?o The mouie uwnl down well in America.
present crisis is luorse t h n any that h u e gone ,ga'down;,go "down sthto movefrom a higher s m k . o Which mrnpufer w&m are they going
hfore. o Jokes don'tgodown tw well with my mother (= ~ s i t i o tno a lowerone;to go along 5th h m o n e for7 2 to try to get or achieve sth:Did you gofor
BElGo before is usually used in the w s t or
she does not like them). o The band m n t down end towards the other: One end of the see-#w that job? o He's going for the wod3 mrd.o &I
-perfect tenses. a storm (= people liked them very much).5 (of gwsup whmletheotherend~chwno. Thepafn forftlYou'wgotnothzngU1he.o Thot'sagrwt
the sun and moon) to disappear below the point
--h vrarlv where the sky seemsto meet the land or the sea gws down my arm. o I'velust got D go down lo ]dm!Gofor It! 3 to k sold for the price men-
'go before sb/sth(of a l e H mse,a proposal or
(the horizon): Wewakhed thesungo down. BE) Jrm's sfiim with thpsepnpm o Will wgo down tioned: These computers usually go for under
an lssue) to be presented to sWsth m that they any sleep hilk? o You'll seethe heusem lf you go £1 m.
can discussit or make a decision or ajudgement set IEB wnn up;rl-6 toget worse: ThequaI. down the swd a bit, o It WRS h r d enough to gel Q v + ~ " e p
about ~ tW:hendoes hiscawgo wore thejudge? up Rere (= a mountain,for example), and now ,go Yorth (litemry)to leavea place and go m e -
ity of the p & ~ a has gone down s i m k h com- m'w got to go down! o Their company h a where,e s p x i d y inorderto do sth goad or brave
ev*prep rIecIded togodownthe-path (= do the same e v + a d u
pany luas soM. o He's certainly gone down in my things)mours.
,go be'yond sth to be greater,better, etc. than estimcstion.(= I don't have the good opinion of ,go 'forwardItomake p m m to begin to hap
sth. Thepricewegotforthpainting lvent Wnd hlm that 1. used to). o Thefood'sganedownsince ESl road, staim,hlll EEQ go up,pup rth
all our expectntiom(= was much better than we the r e s t a m t changed hands. deterlorate Qv+adv + u+prep pen or besuccessful:Theprojectisgoingfol~~~rd
had expected).o T?umatter has gone beyond a nicely. o hrcw that we haw Risagrnment thedeal
J o h(= has become very seriousand is no longer (moreJornaaf)EZB go up 7 (computrng) if a IEEIgo down the 'dmln (BrEalso go d m b e
amusing) mmputet system goes down,n stops working con gofirword. 2 (of clocks and watches)to be
temporarlly:I h l a I I m y w r k whenshemmputer 'plughole)to be w a s w to get much worse go set one hour ahead at the beginning of summer
ex- IM (mrnm~n lwnl down.8 (ofbod,a meal,etc.)to be d~gested down 'thatroadto foUm a particular course of
or partly digested:Let y o u r . f ~ gdoown kfom The c k k goforward tonlght. We have an hour
you go swimrnmg. 9 [+ adv] if f d or drink actlun,especially a dimcult or h a r M one:He less in bed. IEE) p back 3 to be suggested as a
candidatefor a job or an electdposit~one, tc:
ev+prsv wilYwill not go down, it is easyldifflcultto swal- saui he'd never kwd drugs bemuse he'd seen loo name has g o n e f o r d f o r lhe]ab.4 (to sth) to

,go 'by(of time)to pass: As t i m g c w by. my m- low, or you enjoy iVdo not enjoy ~ tM: y drink mnny fahented kidsgo down that road.

o l y seem to get wrse. 0 The weeks mt sIowCy went down the wmng way and I S I w t e d cough- ,go 'downon athtoloweryourbody towardsthe win one stage of a competition,etc. and be able
ground, especially so that you are heeling: I totake w r t in thenext stage: Whichh m swillgo
by. o Hardly a day went by without Anthony 3 ing o A cup of tea rvouId go down nicely (= I m n t down on my hands and knees to h k f u r forward tothe secondmurad?
name k i n g mentioned.
wouldlike one).1O when the curtain in a theatre ihe pen. o IZn not going togo down on my knees g v + a d v

Qv+adv goesdown,it isthe end of the performance:The and beg him tofirgiveme.
EEZ hanrls and knees, k ~ 8on, e knee, all
'go by: 'go by sWsth 1to pass sWsth without cludiencemcheeringas thecurtarnwent dourn. ,go 'InI (ofthe sunormoon)todisappeatbehinda
stopping:Dtd you see a boy go by on rr bQc!e?o ~(figuratiw)ABer 25 ymrs, tlna curtain has fours
Wesatand~wtcRodtwh d g o by(=watched finally gane down on his smrkltng mreer IEEB cloud: The sun went in and it grew mIdeb SBB
go up 1T when lights go down in a theatre, the Qv+adv+pmp come out 2 ( f n f o m n (of fact$, information,
people passing), o T h y wauwl to rrs as tw went performance is about to start:ShequickIyfomd etc.) to be abort&, understood and remem-
,go 'dorm to .../nth to go to a place near where bered:I &p studying, but thew dates just won't
by the ujindow. pass by, pass by sbl&th2
(AmQto stop somewhere or vlsit sb for a short o seat M o m the lightswentdown. go up ?2 you are, or a place you often go to: Shall rw go go in. IEE)slnk In 3 (of a piece of equipment,
downtothebwchforaswim?~I h g o i ~ d o w n t o furniture.etc) to bebuilt or fitted in a place: The
time,oftenon your way tosomewhereelse:I'Ilgo f+ advlprepl to reach down to apartlcular point: the corner shopfor somemilk
by and s#e him on my way home. o WouMyougo Peprla's coat is so big ii gws right down lo her kitchenmill kfinished oncethefrIrIgehargone in.
bythegr~cetyslo?vforme?E!Q dmp by;stop by ankfes.13 (of a tyre) to low air My t p ' s gone @v+adv+prep
+ S e @ ( T h G O IN,GV 1N STH.GO l N T 0 STB; GO I N ,

Al v + a-r-l v + v +m down agntn T 4 (BrE, informai'~ to be sent to ,go' d mwlth sth(esmInllyBrE)tobwome ill GO INTO STH; GO INTO STH
7 prison: He'sgonedownfortwntyyears. 15(oE a
F -r carpet) to be put on the floor: It'IIfeeI a lot w1thsth:Ith~nkI'mgoingdowwnirhamId. Qv+&

'go by sth 1 to be guided or directed by sth;to warmer when t& carpet goes down. 16 (of a ,sr.,c ~ n deorm wfth sth: nlckenfor nth; ,go 'In;,gw 'In sth; ,go'Into 8th 1to enter a

form an opinionorajudgement h m sth: That's catch sth;get sth -room, a house,etc:It's getlmng mM:&?go i n o

...~ g & r u I ~ b o m 4 y . o ~ ~ p n s t a p m h c e t s a n y - plane) to fall from the sky;to be brought to the 6 v+adv+prep k t ' s go in the kitchen ilk wurmer o Why did

thlnle to go by. Tom will bt lase!o1 shut1 ~o ground:'ThepIa~'sgoin#down!'hemred1.7 (of 'gofor sMth 1toattack sblsth:She went& him you go in& my o m ? o Am you going inlo town
a shlpjtosink:Hundredsdkd whentheferry wnt W y ? 2to fit intoa container,etc. Thesu~tmwfs
enrrreb by whnt my solicrtor sqvs.2 to call your- wltha k n i f ~o. Vigurnfiw)Thenewspapersreally Juli already -thaseshmsdefinibelywon'tgo in. o
self a ~rticularnameewhich may not be your down, J8 to Fall; to behave badly and lose wentfor hrm over hu ddmce of termrim. 2 to 3"m mazed that all the IwgaRe w n l in the wc o
people's respect: the brrsinessgoes&wn, wego appty to sblsth;to be true of sblsth: Whot I surd
real name: For her crime novels, she goes by the down wlth it, 19 to be defeated by sb, especially about Tim helping g ~ e fsor you roo, Alex. o We An rhepho& willgo intot h ba~*.3(infirm0to
name of Monica Simon. onlythe nameof...
0 v+prep in a smrts game or -petition: Liuerml went may have high u m p l o y m t , but the same gaes join an organization,especiallyoneof thearmed
h w n 2-Oto Everton. 20 (to 8th) ( e s p a k l l y BrE) forcesor the police:He wrs I7 when he wmt inthe
,go 'down.I(to ...lath) (fmm 18th)to travel from for many other muntrres. o Terry naads to relux army o Ed wnls Zogo intothe Marines. 4 (ofthe
one place to another,especially M m the north of to be made to move to a Eower position, rank, mom, and the same goesfor you 3 to go to get
a country tothe south: We'regoing down toLon- class, status, etc: We d lo win the next two
don raerrw k . EE!3 go up2tofall to the gruund sblsth: S h l I I go for a W r ?o She's gone for ball m sports played w t h a ball, etc.)to enterthe
games to avold going damn rapp,go up 21 (In
She trip* and went down with a bump. 3 to sth)(as 8th)to be written down;to be recordedor some milk. 4 to be attracted by sblsth; to like or goal,net,hole,etc.and swre points:Didyou 8eeif
prefer sblsth:He's not the typ?I llsuoily gofor: 0 the ball went in7o He klckad theball hard enough
become loweror smaller;to fall:TheprIce ofpet- remembred in a particular way: Everyfhlng I
roI isgoing downlFe!ro[is gozng down (inprlce). said went down in hfs Iittk &book o I998 will ga ChiidmnusuallygoforcoIowfuIpackaging. to@ intot h Mofthegoal.
o Thetemperaturewent down by 10d e g m over- down as the wmmny's best yeax o He will go
&V+PWP -f seeaka GO IN;GO IN,GOINTOSTH;GO INTO STH

nigRt. o Rental m l s / m egone down (EsO)s i m down in Ahlory m a grml shztamnn 22 (slnng, &v+adv + v+prep
lasd yea,: o The fi'dtuaters are going down. o mpchlCy A m 0 to be happening: She always

go!." .........................................................................................l..2..

,go 'In; ,go 'into sth 1 to go to an omce or now.7(also,go'Into doTngah)(of money, time, ,go 'off wfth sb to leave your h u a h d , wife, atme!oShukeepsgolngonatmelo&m Mter

another place of work in order towork do a w- fdTort+etc)tobespentonstht:obeusedtodosth: partner, etc. in arderto havea relationship with SEE?carry on (at8b) (aboutstl~)c;rftldze mb 13
sb else: Eddie's gow ofl with his wre's be$t to oontinue to travel in the direction you are
ticular task, have some work done for you, etc: More money needs to go into rebuiwing the inner
going:I kn roo tired togo an. o They had an mi-
f'vegot to uxlrk tomorrow,but I m alwaysgo in cities o I can see that a lot of time and H o r i has friend

Ia@. o Thecar needs lo go In (= into the garage) gone inloyourpmjecf. 4 A huge amount of wrk E@runawaylMwfthsb dent and mrrh'l go on.DEE) carry on 14

fur a ~erwko.Am you going in& wrk lornor- uwnilntomakingiheocMslonastrccess.o A lotof +v+adu+pmp (aheedfto toah)to travel,in h n t of sb else: Juck's

row? 2 to ga to a hospital to m l v e treatment, skill. loueudmrkhadgoneinlolhegrrrden. Bto ,go 'off w4th sth to leave a place with sth that going on ahead toget the h o w &y. o S h l l we

testa, etc: I'm going in on Fridayfor an X-rap o start taking part in an exam, a wmpetition, an d m not belong to you: Who'sgome ofl with my waitfor Ray or shaU wego on inlo town wrlhoral
hrm?4 5 (of a mad, a piece of land, etc.)to cover
When is Cam going into hospitul?3 (of soldiem, election, etc: Icon'!go intothe w m unpmpmd. new pen?
a particular distance in a part~culardirection:
an armx etc.)to go to a plaw where there is &ht- 9 if one number goes i n t o a Iargernumber, it is +E 3 meko off (with5th) Thedesertsaemed Dgo onforeue~7 6 (of an actor
v+adv+prep
ing or a war and k o m e invo1vd in it: Troops contain4 in that numkr the number of times or a performer) to walk onto the stage to begin
their performance: ShedaPsn'tgoonliilAa2.17
aregoing in lonight. mentioned: 5gw-s inlo 25fiw times. oDwS I3go ,go 'on 1(of a situation or a state of f l a b ) to (in sport) (of a player) to join a team lnstead of
another player during a game: Alkn urenl on (in
+ ~ e e a l s O ~INo;CO INGO IN STH, GO INTO STH; info397- Notice also the example: 5 Into 24 continue to happen or exist without changing: phce of Bmm)just tqfore hnwttm. 18 go on

GO INTO STB m n ' t go. Wecan't let thIs disputego on. o Things can't go Ismken, i n f i r m / ,espxially B r a used to agree
to do or alIow sth that you do not really want to
Qv*sdv*v+pmp 3Seeah0 GO IM; GO lN,GO 1N STH, GO INTO STH; on as theyam. o on spite oJ everything, lue must door allow,mer sb has persuaded you: Xre you
sureyou won'! mm7' 'Oh~poon then, bm I won't
,go 'In for sth(esperiullyBE)I to take part in a GO IN, GO INTO STH go on, o WemnYgo on likethis! BFO carry on;
cornpetitlon; to takean exam: Shewinfor all k able to stby long.' 19 go on1 (oldfashiorned,
Q V+PWP continue 2 to last for a particular time: The BrE,spohn, it?forW used to show that you do
not believe what sb is saying:Go on! You drdn't
the competitions In ihe m g a z h a n d neverwins ,go 'off 1 (to ah) to leave a place, -idly in meefing went on for hours.o How much longer earlit allyoum!f!E3B g e t away (wlth you)
anything. o Which events am yougoing infor at order to do sth:You go fland havefun. o W e n
the .whmI spor1.17o She's going in for the b- rareyougoingoffonyawtrip? o Have thechildmn will this hot weather go on (Tor)? carry m; Qv+&
lest 3 (wlth ath) to continue an activ~tye, spe
bridge First C.rt@cafe.2 = GO INTO STH 3 He goneflto schwlyed?o Everyone wmtqjr happy 4alsor*adv+-ing
cially after a pause or a break: f'm sorry I inter-
o Ican't believe Ed w e ~otn without saying@- 5 also v+ adv + speech
W d d loga inforpofiticr. bye! o Mypomntshnvejrrstgone offt~ &. 2 (of a rupted. Go on wrth your story. o The c h i k f m
be , g o b ''on(for) sth (Bra to be nearly a
IEX)enter ath quietly went on with their wrk.olet's tnke a particular age, time or number: It lws going on
Vir)midnight. o She's 15,going on PI!(= she acts
Q v+adv +prep weapon, etc.) to befir& to explode: Xhegun went break. We'ilgaon whenyou're &p carry as ~fshe's 21) enwgh, plenty, ete. to he golng
'an4 t h enough,plenw etc.forour present n d s :
,go 'In for s t h ; ,go 'infor doing s t h to like sth flbytwident. o Thebomb wentofl in a crotuded MI (wkh Bth) 4 (wfth 8th) ( a h,go 'on dolng sth)
and regularly use it, do it, etc.; to have gth as an street, D E lgun, bnmb 3(of an alarm)to make a Thatshould beenoughfwd lo hgoingon with.
sudden loud noise or flash: She got up as soon ras to continue an activity without stopping: WhenI b .gdnga-'on n [pl.] (rrdormuR activit~esor
interest ora h0bby:Shsgoesinfor~erbyrighghiwl- the aIarm clock went on o The thieues run a w y came lnto the room, the boss jusi uwnt on miih wents that are slrange or amusing: Therehave

ours. o He doesn't m l l y go in for mnking long what she wm doing and drdn"lk up. o I could k e n some stmngegorngsanat fheirhow.

.&s o My family don'l go in for that sort of when the burglor o h r m went o f l m alarm, huegoneonlistening ro Tedb stories all night. o c 'ongolngu& [usually before noun] continuing
alann clock,fire- alarm 4 if a light, the electri- I'dprefer t o p on doing thmlpsmyownwqy. EiQ to ex~stor dwelop: an ongoing process0 the
thiw. o Shenewrwent infor dancing.
mty, etc. goes oft it stops working: Suddenly all eany on (wfth sm), carry on dulng sth 5to con- ongoing dehie o an ongoing situntion o The
Qv+adv+prep
thelightswentolf: o ThehmtingcomesonutGarad tinue speaking after a short pause: 'You know', problem Isongoing.
,go 'In with sb (on ath) tojoin sb b a aparticular gws off a t 9. EEilllghtsIT0 come on: go on 5
pro~ecta, ctivlM h s ~ n wet,c: Jack went in with [+ adv] if a performance, etc. g w s off welYbadly, he went on, 'I muer liked her'o Coon then! Tell
somefriends to slarl a car him business,o I'll go
in with you on (= I'l give you some money for) it is successful/not successful: Thesham w ~ notf me what happened! o She hesilatedfir a moment,
Mary ' s p m i .o My brothenam opening a gar- v e y wil.o Howdtif ihewncengooflo Theper- and then w n l on. EE)carry on6(of a Ilght, the
age and they want me togo In with them. f o r m m went ofl wlthout a hitch (= wrthout
Q v+ adv +prep any problemsat all). 6(Brmif food or drink goes electrlclty, etc.) to start to work, to be switched

,ga'Intosth I (of avehicle)tohitsthviolenlly;to onoff-itbewrnesbadandnot fit toeatordrink: ThLs on: Suddenball thelightswenlon. IE?l go eU7

milk hus gone Isvs.llmllk, meat 7 {especiolEy (of time) to pass: Things w ~ l ilmproue as t ~ m e

goeson o She ~ m o r r m i w r a b l e uthse euen-

crash lnto sth: The mr skidded and w n t into m B r a ta become worse in quality: Her books have ing went on. go by 8 (uswily wed in he ,go bn; ,go'on d h to fit or put on top of
another object: The lld WRY go on. o This shoe
t m .2 (01avehicleordriver) to startaparticular gone off in m t years. 8 (informal,especutIly pmgrmiw l e n . ~ )to take place: to happen:
movement: Thetruck went inton spin on apatch BrE) to fall asleep: Hasn't the h b y gogone fl(lo
of ice. o %plane m n t into a nosedive. 3 (also Whntkgaingon here?o Wha knows what goes on
,go 'In for sth) todecide todo aparticular kind of +sleep)yet?E D d rep off when I'm away o Thew must be a m g o t n g on mn'sgoon myfmt atall.
v+adv next rdool: o She ignores a Iot of what goes on. 9 +u+adu +v+prep

work as your job or career Whm did you decide (to HMOdo sth) to do sth after you have finished 'go on sth 1 (& in neg&uem&nm a n d q w

to go into palirrcs?o She'sgoing intopublishing. ,go'off;,go 'off 8th 1to move away flmm sth sth clsc:Wall the st&enLsgoon m work in mzer- lions) to base an opinion or a judgement on ssth:

o Sanjay'sgoneinio businesswith h i i f a r k large or important and go in a dfleerent d i m ingPoLet'sgoontothenerlitemontheagenda.o The police don't have much avidem lo p on. o
politlca take sth up 4 to h e n to lx in a The boys went on lo a club, but I decided lo go I'm only gorng on what shB CDld m. 2 to begin
particular state or situation: She went rnio a tion, The road you want goes fl on the right. o
m m after the accident. o The wuntry is going (figrsmtiue) She's always go& ng the point (= home. 10 ,go'on1(informi)used to encourage doing, following,enjoyingor using 5th: toguon a
into a W i n e . o The cumpuny has gone inlo
laquidation,o Thefamily has gone &lo hMing. not talking about the main topic). 2 to leave the or dare sb to do sth: Go on' Haw another mke. o cowseltripo 1% going on a diet on Monday. 0
Goon! Try it! o Gom!Ask b o u t ! Idareyou' 1 4 Whenarer?yogaingonIwllday?o &goon thedole
kZ4 Ilquldetlon, production, dacllne, hlding, stage, the sports field, etc. during a play or a (aboutsblsth) to continue talking to sb for a Iong (= to start to receive government unemployment

erile,a coma Sto begin toactor behaveinapar- game:Hamlet goes 4ff in the rnrddk qf t h e m . time about the m e person or thing, usually in benefit) o When do the bnndgu on lour?

o Johnmn- went ofl a: halftime. an annoyingway: They keepgorng on a b u t t k r r b v + prep
@v+adv + v+prep trip o WhofIs she going on abut? 0 My pnrenlg
m n t onand on rrhut h o w s ~ l msrysler is. 'goon sZ)l; 'go on d o l n g sth (of moneg:time,
ticular way: He w n l mto u bng explanation nf ,go Wf s h t h (irsformaf,especiallyBrE) to lose BE)bang on a b w l sblsth ( B E , imrmao 1 2 energ' etc) to be spent or used for 8th: All his
interest in sWsth; to stop liking sblsth:I thhk {at sb) (about sth) (especiaI1yBrm to complain to money gws on drhk. o Most of the e M @ we
the affair o D r m rvere there, ready io go info wgm on running themmpulets.
action if the stunt went wrong. 6 to examine or she'sgoingoff nae. o He'sgone ofl hisfood. o I've sb about thew behav~ourw, ork, ctc: My dad went
discuss sth carefully. I won't 80 into delaib gone off the rdw of a holiday in h i l a n d . on a! me ahout not having ajoh. o Stap gorng on +Wo&OGOON4

now o We'eto go into the questlon of costs. 0 O v + m e' V+P~*P

She'smtwming, form^ which Iwon'tgoinio

a.-.o-,..o.-..u.,t,..".............................. "..........................................................1% 1

,go 'out1 (IwRoah)to leave your house to go to rwndstmight out and spent E?W on a new W. b ,@olng'mrn [sing.]( ~ o r n 10 an act of ,go 'through ,go 'through 8th to enter and
examining, cleaning or repsirLng sth thor- cross a room, an area of land,a town,a country,
mlal events, etc: Shall w go out for a ml lE!9 go In,go In I*, go Inmrth 2 to bwome no oughly:I'ur given thefit a good goingaver (= a etc.; topass throughsth: TheguW o ~ d o n wde

tonight?oElliegm out a Iol. o Shegoesautd m - longer fashionable or used: That hirsgrk went thorough dean).o The garage gave the car a wen#t h m q h , o Lots of huee frwhgo through

cing most weeken&. o Jenny wually goes out out of fashion years go. oStyIes like that haw through guing-owr (= a careful ~nspection)2. a the rown. o You have logo through the lounge lo
withherfrfendron Fn'day evenings,IEB9 atay In mmpletely gone out M U o The word k t h e r n '
seriousphysical orverbal attackon sb:Thegong much the kitchen. o The d&nce was 4,and
2 (with sbhgethar) (inform0 (especially o f has gone olrt of use in modern Englrsh. raPa) th@ball went through inio thegwl. o The bullet
gave him a r@aZgoing-ouer
young pgaple) to spend time with sb and have a come In, mtn sth, come into sth
,go 'wer to sbtsth 1 to leave a groupof pe~ple went s m i ~ htthrough the wrnrlom o This is the
romanticor sexual relationshipwith them:Sam Q v t e d v . v+adv+prep in order to joJn a competing group; to change hole where he bullet wmt through,
from one side, opinion, habit, system, etc. to +v+adv u + w p
has been going out with Kate for srx months. o ,go'outfor ath ( A mto try to gain a place In a
sports team,a band or a group that does some another;tostart using sth dmerent: TwoC a w - ,go 'throughs b l ifafeelinggoesthroughyw,
How Ion# have Sam and Kate been going out other activity:I had 0 talk Greg inlo going out W i v e MPs went over lo the opmsitwa o We'w ~t passes through your body: A shudder wend
for f& basketbaI1 aam. o 'Did she make f!u m t l y gone o w toI= we'vestarted using)smf- through hex 2 if a particular type of food
t0mlher70 When did ithey start goirsg out? trand?' 'Shedtdn'tguoutfor it.' skimm?d miIk. 2 (inbroadcastmglto transferto though you, you And it difficultto digestand it
d a e , date sb 3(af a letter,a message,etc.)to be try for nths l y out (for sth)
(espe~ialIAy mE) a dlfierent person, place, etc. for the next part of isemptied from your tmwelsquickly or in liquid
sent,announced,etc: Have the invitationsgone
out yet7oA memo rvant out about the dimtor's Qv+adv+prep a programme:Letkgoover lothenews deskloran form Imn't eatsushi- i r g m right through me.
restgmtwn. 4 (of news, information, etc.)to be
made public;tobe publishd: Word went out that ,go "out of sbtsth (of a qualimor feeling)to no hpormnt onnounmment. Qv+pw
longer be present in sblsth; to disappear from
IhePrrmeMinwier hacireszgmi. o Themagazrw sblsth: He r e i d and the tension went out of Qv+adv+prep 'go through sblsthto ask a personor an organ-
him. o Theheat hadgoneoutof thedqv.
.goes out six limes a year 5 (espechllyBrE) (of a ,go'past(oft h e )to paas:HaVan JIOuruwttprsi ~zationto deal with sth for you or give you per-
(4 v+ adv + prep
radioor telwisfonprogramme) tobe broadcask while we weresitting them. mission to do sth: you want lo book the cruise,
ThefirstepisodegmoufnextFridayataonpm. o ,go 'over 1 (to sblsth) to move towards sblsth, CJ v+adv
Theshow will ga out livefrom the studio. 6 (of a especially crossing a room, etc:He went ouer to you'llhaw logothmugha tmwlagent.
the window for a cioser h k at the parude. oI
flreor alight)tostop burningor shining: Thefim m t o w r a n d m t k s i d e J ~ ~Zm(.tosth)tovisitsb ,go'pest;,go'past s h t h to pass in h n t of Q V+PWP
for a short time,usually at theirhouse: I'm gofng sWsth:Istoordhck lo kt Jackgopast. o Theshop ,ga'throughath 1 to pm throughsth &am one
hasgoneout. o Therewasa power cut and all the
lights went out. Ilghts, flro IEQ b m extln- +over to my daughter" for lunch. setl a h GO Lemply whenever Igoplsf it. e n d to the other: Wew n t through the &loget
guishedIformnO7 $ money $foesout,~t1sspent
...ROUND13(to )to travel to a place overseas:My Qv+adv + v+prep to the b k e . o lfisuratiue) What went through
on bills and expenses: We wed need have more
moneymmingin tlmngoingout. DE3 come In B fami& Iiue in Beklum and I'm ming o w to %?e ,(p'round(BrE)( A d ,goa'round) 1 (to8th)to your mind whm you saw John siandin~there
them week. visit sb for a short time, usually at their h o w : &r alI thistime?T ifyou go through an event,
(to...)to leaveyour countryand travel toanother Why don't you go mundand %Annie? o I'uegot a period of time, etc., you pass through it from
evtadv
one, especially one far away: We went out t o m *togo around to my sister's(= toher house)in t k the beginning to theend:He w n t throught b d a y
h~rnwhen he ulas living in Australia, o Haw yon in a state of s m . oShe mn't go zhrowh Elfe
been out taIndIarecently?9 i f the tide or the sea morning. seeaIso~oOVER 2 2 to spin or turn:
When Ifound the b&k, the wheels ruere still alwaysdependinffon herporeflb3to experience
g m s out, it moves away from the land: When going round. o (fzguratiw).l'wgol so many idws or suffer sth: You don't mlize what I've h n
does Ihe t M e p out?lWZlonly the tlde ebb ,go'bvelr:,go' m rsthto passaboveor m r the goinaoroundinmy headarthemmnt. going rhrough.o She's been dhroug11a badpatch

(moreformal) EEB w w In f O to fail in a wm- top of sblsth:Planes were going over all night, o Qv+adv reoently o We'vekefithmugh a a t olpther 0 It's

petition, contest, etc She went out irt lhefirsi Wem s h a k e n as themr went over the bwnps in ,go'round;,go 'roundath (BrE)=GO AROUND, a phosPlstage all h m g m go througkW

round of the fourtramt. the road. GO AROUND STH phase, experlam, a bad, dHRcult, etc. patch

+v+adv Qv+adv v+piep ,go'round,go 'roundath:,go'rounddoing EE3 und%rgo sm (more f i r m 0 4 to look at,
check or examine sth closely and m y , e s p
goout llkea 'IlgMtofallasleepwryquickly: ,go'cver d h Ito do more,spend more,etc.than ~ t (hB r m = GO AROUND, GO AROUND STH, GO
crally in order to find sth-I'uegonethroughaIlmy
I writ out like a light as $can as my hmd hit the a particular amount or than you are allowed to
p~liow.your hwrt 986s ?ovl to sb used to say
that you feel a lot of sympathy forsb:Ourhearls do:Wn'tgoouerthespeediimit. oDidyougoover AROUND DOING STH packets but Imn'tfindmy keys. oqltm hbdeath,

go out $0thefamilies of thevrcrim. budget on your prujecl7IEE3 exceed ath (more ,go'roundsbhth(BrE) =oo AROUND S B ~ T H h b dnughler had lo go through his papers. Dil

b 'outgolnga d j 1 aufgolng very friendly and forman 2 to examine the details o f sth;to check ,go'round ~ t (&hE) =GO AROUND ST8 p~ekets,papers 5 to discuss or study slh In

l'ilng to meet and talk to other people: Amie's 6th: I'll go over thefigurns again to make sure ,go 'round with sb; ,go 'round together detail, especially repeating it. Let's go through
sister w much mom outgoing than she h 2 [only (mE) = GO AROUND WITH SB, GO AROUND
beforenoun]about to leave aposition of respon- they're right. o Go ouer your ruork mr&ufZy theargumentsaguim o Conid wegolhroughAct2
TOGETHER oncemore7FC run thmugh sth & to performa
sibil~tyt:he outgoing govermnt 3 [onlybefore b@oreyouhand iiin. 3to study sth t h l l y ; to series of actlons;to follow a method: Thais the
nounJgoing away from a particular place rather repeat sth:I'uegonewerandouerwhathappened ,go"through 1(to8th)(ir&C~rmauls)edespecially pnmss you have togo through to barnme a club
than taming in to it: outgolng wIWflighlslpzs. toasksb toenteram,etc:Shnllluegothmllgh m b m o I m d e a misfaks when I mas lolegtng
sengers o Iheoutguingtide in my mind, o She m t ouer her lines ( = in a to my ofice?o Go thmugh and make yourseIf
conlfwlab1.e.2 2 a law,a contract, etc. goes out ond had lo fl through the whole proms
b 'outgoingsn[pl,](RrE)themoneywhich a per- play) unt!l$heknew thern-ly 4 to look at or through, it is officialIy appmved, accepted or again. oHave you seen him go through h*. aw-
son or a campany spends regularly on bills and completed: The bill went through without any
inspwt sth c-: P o l k went (back)o w all cw routine in the mornings7EEi process, mu-
other necessary expenses: TItey h w n ' t got objections.oThe adoption I= of a child) has tlne,pmeedumT touseupsth. T w r n f obegoing
the evidenceagain. oMy dad went ouer the car thmugh a lot of money at the moment. o Have we
enoughmoney towwr tiroutgoings. finalIy gone thr0Irgh. 3 if a bus1nes.s deal, etc.
Ihoroughlytmdadu*edusnottobuy rt.5todraw, goes through, it 1s completed successfully:We gone through all that milk alre0dy.P- get
are almosi certain the deal mill go through. 0 .?f thmugh sth 8 to wear or make a hole in sth:I'ue
paint, etc. over the top of sth that has already the mergergoes through, we m y lose owjobs. 4
(tosth) to pasata the next stageof a competition, gone throughfRee[bowsofmyj u m m ~
been drawnorpainted:I'wgoneovertheor~'mI etc., havlng won the firstpart(s):Four tmms will
go through to thesemi-final. Go through sth can be usedinthe passive
drawing in pen. 6 to clean sth by passing sth Q v+adv 111meanings 4,5 and 6: TheformnIitieS haw to&

,go'out;,go 'outof sth 1toleavearoom, build- acrossthe surface He wens over thesurfaceswilh gone rhrough.

ing, ett. It's too mid lo go out. o The talking n dusfer OV+P~P

startwl as swn as the teacher went out of the ~Eoovernthanbeusedinthepassivein

m m .oEl isn't a good idea lo go out alone at meanlngs 2, 4,5 and 6: Thm?details have been

night. o I'mgoingoutfora walk o He'sJusYgone goneovera l d y .

out m gel a aewsmpeK oMy W y m o l h e r never Q v+vrep
went out Zo wonk (= away from the home),o She

. .. ...,g...o. .t..h...r..o...u...g.h.. 4....t....h, .......-,.... .....................-.......................1..3..5.,

go thmugh the 'rnotfom (of sWd doh# plants. g o b the 'wall ff B company orabusiness team or a student)to move to a higher rank,pos- goad/gas AnmEgwal

sth) f to pretend to do sth: Hejust w n l through g w s to the wall, it fails m u s e of a lack of ition orclass:Liverpol hvegom?up infothe W ,goadsb 'onto drive and e n c o m sbto dosth:
onddivistaa o Is shegoing up into IhpskthfQm They goaded him an & brPek the window o The
the motions of Ring a m . 2 to do or say sth money
t h F P y e r r r P ~go d m 10(to...)(Brmto begin boxers weregooderionby theshriekingcrowd.
without k i n g serious or s i n e about It: Her ,goto'gether1(of twoormoreth-) to existat @ v +nipmn+adv
heart wasn't in the game - she was just pling your studies at a university, especially Oxford or
the same time; to beoftenfound together:Mowy
thmugh t h e m t i o m go through the 'red 1(of Cambridge; to b g m a term at university: Sh@
and happinessdon't a h y s g o logether 3see aLso
prices, etc.) to rise very qurckly: H o w prices uwni up (lo Odord)mn 1976. PFB go d m gobble p g ~ b kA d ' g c b l l
have gone thmugh the mj 2 ta become very GO WITH STH 2 2 to look, taste, sound, etc. good @ v+adv
angry: My mum will go through the rmf if she ,gobble sth 'downrup (ilrformanto eat foal
together; to wmbinewell with sth: T h m I o u r s ,go 'up; ,ga 'up 8th to move fmn a lower PO% very quickly: I gobbkl down my b m w e s t and
finds out! go together wid. o Cuny and p m t ~don't reully ition to a higher one or upstairs In a building: ran out of the house.
go logether W Go is also used with thk mean- he l w g m up and down u1Eduy o Go up rhe lad-
de,: o She went up thestntrs veryslowly. o Julre's +181H)wolf %th down
,go 'throughwith sth todowhatisnecesaryto +ing. Curry and pasta don't reallygo. o Theseml- gone z q to her m m to change. v+adv+n + vtnlpmn+adv
complete sth or achieve sth, even though it may EEi stalm, hlll, road IEQ ascend, ascend sth
ours don't really go. see a h GO WITH STH 1 3 ,gobble sth 'up (i~rormal1) to use a l l of sth,
(formai) espec~allymoney#very quickly: The rent gobbh
be dficult or unpleasant: She &itfed not 50 go (oldfashwned,espmidly Anna (wuaIIy uSed In up half his earnings. 2 if a business,oompanx
)ogo down, go dorm 8th;ds-nd, d e w n d etc. gobbles up a smallerone, it takes control of
through wrlh ihoperathion (= she dec~dednot to the progressiue tenses) (of two people) to spend Sth ~ o r m n f ) it: Small famrly businessesam being gobbled up

have it). o Hesays he'll mke us lo court, but he'll time witheachother and have ammantic or sex- Qv+adv v+prep
ual relationship: They hnuen? h n @tw
wvergo thmughwith it.
togetherbrig. +s e e a h GO OUT 2
Qv+adv+prep

,go 'bIt (AmE,qmken,Wornma0usedto tell sbto e v + a d v ,go 'up agalnst sblsth(AmE,informanto face by largcrfirms.
start doing sth: Youneedtogetitfinished by 6. Go 'go towards sth; 'gotowards dolng sth to sWsthdrfficult, for example in a competition: He
lwnr up against the champion in the semnd m swallow dlup
to if! o Webatergo W it w o r e Itgetsdark. beused as part of the payment for sth;to be used
as part of sth:Themoney will go t o w & buying e v + a d v + n v+nlpmn+adv
Qv+prep+rt
round.o In a consumw mte testteCsolke ruent up
'go b sb/sthto be given to sWsth; to pass to sb awmputer oAll thmmarksgo~wrdsmyfiiaul goof I ~ I
else when sb dies: Prwdsporn the mmrt will against Pepsi.
diploma.

go ta charity. o Some of the credit for the book @ V + P W Qv+adv*prep ,goof a'round (&format, e s ~ i a l l yAm57 to
waste your time doing silly or stupid things:
should go lo the illustmtor o Thefirstprize went ,go budder 1to sink M o w the surface of the ,go' u p to sth to come close to a particularpoint Comeon,guitg&ngaround- this isserious.
or tlme, or ga in a particular direction: Thk
to Peter o Thewniraci h g o m to aprIuate$rm water: Thejl had bo swim lo shore when the b w t diary only goes up lo November o The roadgoes mess around
up to the schci~l. @ v+adv
0 The property m n t ta his el&t daughter (= went undm 4 Somwrze w h e d lo help him when

when hedied). he went wtdm: 2 (Irlformal)to fail, lose power,

9V+PBP etc.: ta be unable to pay what you owe: A large Qv+adv+prep ,goof bff CAM,i ~ & m Dto waste time when
30 to sth 'Ito start to do sth;to be@ to be in a number of small companieshauegone u m h
'gowHh sb (okt-fushionedI,rlfomtjto have a sex- you are supposed to be working
particular state or condition: The lw muniries +v+adv
ual or romantic rerationship wlth sb: to have g e ~ &v+actw
withsb:SRe'sbeenguing with himforquitea while, b 'god& n ( A d , illformal, disai~pwvtng)a
aresettom fu w u r o w thedispute. oIhntetosee 'go under sth to be knownby a particular name lazy person who doesnot work hard
food going to wasre. o My bmin went to work or t ~ t lkbes hego wuiermy other names?
+ W Q k U G O OUT2

on (= s t a r t d to think about) what I should do EEil the name of..., a rflffemnt, ete. name,the ~v+PW , g o d 'up(onsth), , g o d 8th 'up ( A M . irbfor-
ml)to make a mistake; ta spoil sth by making a
nexthl3E onlywer,was~,rmrk2tomakealoot f title of... 'go wlth sbrsth Einfwwl, especially Am57 to
support a plan, an idea, etc. or the person sug- mistake or doing it badly: He aluloysgoofs up (on
etrort, spend a lot of mongS etc. 1t-1order to do or -P s e e a h GO BY STH2 gestmg it: I'rnprepamd loga with herdacistono exams). o He reallygoof& up his ewun

achieve sth: W n ' t go to any #roubleon my ~ v + P W I i k e Ted's idm. Lat'sgu with it. o Which mndi- mess up,mess sth up
h h a K o Whygo to the expenseof buying a w? ,goUp 1to bewme higher in price, level,etc;to
o He wetat to g m t pofns lo persuade us. o It's rise: Theprice of cigtsrem b going up, o Cigar-
dateshall lwgo with? Qv+adv 4 v+nlpron+adv v+adv+n

amozrng !he lengthspeople will go tn toged ajob. ettes am going up (inprtce), o My pension has QV + P ~ ~ P
@onlytroIuble. expense, pama,lengths 'gowlth sthl tolook, taste,sound,etc.goadwith gouge1 ~ 3 1
gone up (by)L5a week. IsuaJIprice, bmperature
Qv+prep+n
)SYH) riw )OPIP) come down: go down 2 (to sth; to combine well with sth: This sauce g m ,gouge sth 'out: ,BOW sth 'out of sth to
ga goo the 'dogs( i n f o m l )to get into a very sblsth) to go towards sblsth: He mnt up to the W B wrEh Iamb~oDoesthk skirr 80 with my
j~rRper?+W a1.W GO TOGETHER 2 (of tWO Or remove sth,or form sth,by digging into a surface
badstate: Somepeoplethink thismunhy isgoing house and knackdon the dm,: 3 (to ...) to travel with a sharp tool, your fingers, etc: I wanted to
more things) to exist at the same time or in the gouge her eyes out. o Glaciersgouged out ualleys
lo the dogs. go t o your 'head 1 (of aloohol) to from one place to another, especially from the sameplaceas sth: to beoftenfoundtogether:D b from fhehflk.
make you feeldrunk 2 (ofsucwss, praise, etc.) to south of a country to the north: She'sgom up io euse often goes with poverty. o She hues aU the meyes
ScotIandto see herson. o Areyougoingup ioloton-
make yon feel very proud of yourseEf, especially nitention that goes with krngfamous. +seealso @ v+adv+n + v+nlpron*adv +
don tomorrowP4 to be built; to be put up: New
in a way that other m p l e find annoying go ta GO TOGETHER 13tobe included w ~ t h o r a s a p a r t v +nlpron+a&+ prep
'pieces (iqforrnnflif somebody goes to picoes, ofim blades aregozng up ewevwhm. 5 to be des-
they becomeso upset orfrightend that they can- troyed by fire or an explosion: one of thegels of sth:Anewmrgws with thejob.
to& goes up.there wrll be mapsiue damage. o
not live or work normally: I! seems Ise goes lo The whole building went up in flames. 6 to be ~V+PMP grablgraebl
pieces m a crmis, go to 'pot ( i n f o r m 0 to be
spoiled because people are not working hard or fixed in a public place: Notices hnuemne w all ,go withbout,;go wlth'out sth; ,go wlth'out 'grab at s M h to try to take hdd of sblsth: She
taking care of things: His plan to m k e money over & miwrsitr. 7 if the curtain across the dolng sth tomanage without sthwhich you usu- gmbkdafthe branch,misxdandJell.
hadgone topot. go to "Imp 1to fall asleep 2 if ally have I wuer wont the children lo haw togo
stage in a theatre goes up, it is raised or opened: +E!Q clutch at sblsth
part of your body goes to sleep, you lose the The stage u m empty when the curtain went up. withorit. o She went without sleepforbhreednys. v + prep
sense of feeElng In it go to 'tuwn (on sth)to do EEEleurhln coma d m 8 if a loudsound
sth with a lot of energy and enthusrasm, e s w such as a shout or a cheer goes up, it is made by do wfthout, do without sth
ciaIlyspendingalot of money: Theyhodn'tgot a
garden,so lhgr really went to town on indoor lots of people: A huge cheer uwnt up fmm the Qv+adv + vtprep
crowd. llusrlchwr, cryQ(tollntosth)(of asports

g....r.a...b....a*t............................................-.... ..........................1..3..4.................. ............................................................

'grab a l d hto take advantagedan opportunity ,grow'backif hair,b,etc. g p ~ w bsack,it starts b,grown-'up@ ( i q f o m n 4 mentallyand phye
to doorhawsth: He'llgrabat any Pxctrsetouvoid to grow again after it has been cut or damaged: ically an adult: He has two grown-upchi&en Z
His h r r grew back thrcker om he shaved his
doing thedishes. hwd. adult mature: Susie is uerygrown-upfor herwe.

FSZi chance, opportunMy+-8s IEB halt 'gmwnup n IrnfornrnO (used especial& by
adults when mlking lo chiidren, or by childmn)
mnth ,grind 8th ' d m to rub sth against a hard s w v+adv an adult person: The grown-ups win sit at one
@V+P~P faceinorder to make it smoothandshiny table and t h e c h i h n at another
,grow'Into sth 1 to gradually become sth over a
)91M) wear sth down
period of time: She had grown hfo a h u t i f u l
Q v+nlpron+adv v+adv+n

'grapple wlth sth to try to deal with a difecult ,grind'onto continuefor alongthne in aboring young m n . 2 if a child gmws lnio clothes,
situation or solve a diIIIclzlt problem: I'w spent or unpleasant way: Thenegotiationsground on
all a f t e r m n grappliw with them accoum. formonlhs. helshebecomes big enowh to fit lnta them: This ,grub sth 'outrup (mm)to dig ath out of the
Q v+adv mt's loo bigfor him now. but he'll grow inlo it
EUl problem,issue E B wrestlo wfth sth ground: Thollsatuh of miles of r f w s have
W Grapple with sth can h used m the pas- ,grind sth 'out 1to produce sth inlarge q w - l@Z coat,trousers, sic, EB g m w out of sth 3 beengmbM up
slbe Thu.rs an ksw that LS k l n g gmppIed with ttties over a long perid of time, especially sth
that is not interesting or of good quality: He to become famiIiar with and oonfident in a new ESdlg sth out:dlg sth up
b.v the council. g r i ~ o u l ma uela month. EBB chum sth out 2 job, activity, etc. He needs t ~ smo grow in& the
to press a burnlng cigarette down firmly wlth Qv+adv+n a v+nlpron+a&
QV + P ~ ~ P fob. EEi job, role
guard/g~d:A&gmrd/
eV + P ~

your hand or your fwt in order lo stop it burn- 'grow on sb if SWSMgrows on you, you grad- 'guard agalnst ath:'guard agalnl dolng
ually 11kethemllt more and mom: That painl-
'grasp at sthnb to try to takehold of sthhb in ing: Ha ground out the cfgemtte with hs heel. tng'sreallygrownon me. sth to do sth toprevent sth happening or to pm
your hands. S h e ~ p a 2 n t h l s w . tect yourself from sth: CIwn t h w~ound toguard
EZD catch at sthlab:eluleh at sthhb rtubsthout 6+Y + P ~ ~ P
@v+a&v+n v+nlpmn+adv agoinst the dnnger of infmion. o We should
,grow 'out if the mlour or style of your hair guard l r g o t M the m i b i i r g of this happening
growa out, it disappears as your hair grows: I again. oRegulrsr exercise mn help fu guard
QV+P~P

'grasp at sth to try to take advantage of an had my hairmlodszxzueeksogo, bur St'sgmw- agairrsl heart disease-

opportunitxespedally becauseyou areunham 'grope for sth to twhardtofhdsU1: Zsfep@in. ing out mul E E i danger, risks, posslblllty
w ~ t hthe present situation: He gmsperd at any f h e d o o r o n d g r o d f i r theIiphtswlWr. firgu guru-
Q vtadv W Guard against sthlagainst d o h g s t h m
hfwwf=m. five)'Yes,but....' H e m g m p i n g f o r words.
,grow Mh 'OMto let your hair grow so that the be used in the passive: This danger must k
I9YH)clutch at sth lFZl Ilght,word,an-r colour or stylechanges ordisappears: h d e c i d e
+guordd against.
eV+WP e v +prep logrow f h e I a ~ o u t . v + prep

EQ grasp at '*rum to try very hard to find a 'grope towards d h (mre) t~ try to find an Qv+nlpron+adv 4 v+adv+n
solution to a ~roblemosrome hope ina dmcult apreement,an answer to a problem etc: The #loo
,grow 'out of sth 1 if a child grows out of
or lmplcasant situation,wen though thisseems part& aregroping towards a compromiw.
clothes, helshe becomes too blg to wear them: 'guess al ath to try to imagine sth or make a
very unlikely Q v + prep judgement w~thoultolowingall the facts: Wemn
She grows out of her clothes sa fast! EXd coat, onlyguessat thereasonfor his actbns.
G u w at 6th can & used in the passive:
grass/gmsAmEgr@ trousers, etc. E D outgrewsth grow Into H~rfeelmgsmnonly k g u e ~ W d ~ 1 .

szh 2 to stop doingsomethmg or suffering from Qv+prep

,grass sth ' O W rto cwer an areaof ground with ,gross sb ' O B (AmE,iqi3rmaO to make sb feel 8th as you become older: He &WLUout of his
disgusted:Hisgreasy hnirmllygrosses meout!
grass: Thegodenhad Geengrasdover eczema as h got older o He was cr very rebeilhious
v +nlpron+a& * v+ adv +n{lessfreguenf)
Grarss 6th over is offen used in the passive. t e e n u r n but he grew out of it. outgrow
groundt m t r n d l
@v+adv+n * v+nlpmn+adv sth 3todevelop from sth:Thex lowsgrew out of gulplanlpl
m,,grass sb 'Up be 'grounded Inton 8th to be b a d on 8th: Is a need t~protm!childmn.
iMormal) to inform the theslory groundedinfact? Q v+ adv prep ,gulp sth 'back (rare)to stop yourself showing
Q be+v+prep that you are upset by swallowing hard: She
policeorsb inauthorityabouta.nimeorsthhd ,grew 'up 1 when a person grows up, they gulped back her tears.
become an adult: Kate's $rowing wfrrst. o Oh,
that sb has done: Mygirrfrwndgmwdme u p grow up I= behave in a more sensible way) and EEi bars
ssopmkingsuchafUss!o He wasad&Ecultteen- Q v+adv+n r v+nlpmn+adv
It is d m possible to say: IWy girZfrlrmd age6 but grew up lo k u a p n s f b I e adult. 2
[+advtprep]to spend the t h e you are a child in a ,gulp9th 'downto swallow sth guicklyand nols-
g m s d (onme). particular place or in a particuIar way: Hegrew ilp. HegvlpeddownagIassoJ wter:
up m Portugal. o Me1 and I grew up together:o !GIwater, coffee, etc-
6 v+nfpmn*adv + v+edv+n This gensmthn hm grown up on MTE! 3 to Gulp sth can also be used with a similar
develop gradually: The town had grown up meaning.
gravitate~ ' ~ r n v r t e r t ~ ,grow a'pad to become less close to sb in a rela-
tionship: We used to k g o d friends, buf w ' u s 6 v+adv+n * v+rdpmn+adv
'gravltete toltoward(s) s h t h to move grown amrr.
towardssbkth that youareattractedto: Most uFP- around the abbq! o A cult hudgrown uparound
iiors to New Yorkgmurlate to TimesSqwm. Qv+adv
Rim. EE)develop
ev +prep ,grow a'way from sb to wme to have a less
close relationship with sb;to depend on sb less: =Do not confuse this phrasal verb with ,gum sth 'up(BrE,Infirmat, ram)to AU sth with
grindlgramd, ( w n d , g m u d {graundl) grow Grow can be u& without an object to a sticky substan~eso that it cannot m o w or
Shehasgrown atlmypom herparents. mean 'increasein s~zen,umber, cost,&.' Grow, work: @! eyes cuere all gumIPIBd up o The sub
,grind sb ' d m to treat sb in a harsh way or Q v + adv +prep
annoy them for a long t h e until they can no
longer defend themselves or flght back: Don't kt but not grow up, can be used with an object: lo stancegununed the machineup
grow v@gemb[esU. se bring sb up to refer to par-
Gumsth up isoftenwed inthe passiw.
ents caring for their ch~ldrenunttl they are +v+nlpron+adv v+adv+n
grown up and teaching them how to behave,etc.

+v+adv

gunIN (4n-j hackfirekl ham/heem/(-mm)

,gun sb ' d w m z I i ~ i ' ) t o s h o ostb,&ally ,hack 8th a'bout(EWE,Informa[,dkpproving) ,ham H 'up(Wiorna~Oto act in a delibmtely arti-
so as to kill or serlwsly injure them: He wap to cut or change sth in a rough and mreless way:
g u d down outside Afs home.o Terrorists The hairdressers hum h k d her hair about a ficial or exaggerated way: TheQctors were m l f y
guddournsLxrtxp~oplein the town h t m o n t h . bit. o Cfigurntiw)Thescripr was hacked a h u t By hamming it up.
seuernlpuple ~ u r e t h e m v iweasfinished. +v*it+adv
m shoot l b
v+ dpmn +adv hammer/%=mar)/
W Gun sb down Is&n usedin the passive.
@ v + a d v + n * v+pron+a& fu. v + n + a d v ( m ) 'hack at sth: ,hack a'way (at 5th) to try to cut ,hammer a'way at sth to work hardinorderto
sth using strong rough blows with a n axe, a finish or ach~evesth: to repeat sth again and
'gun for sb (Informal)(only used In the p m w - kn&+scissors.etc: She'sreallyhackedatmy hair again:Hekept hnmrnerIrngawat thesumpoint
stw kws)to try to blamesbor causetrouble for Ir's a mmpM mess o He mas hacking away at
them: She's k e n gnnningfor me s i r m I came to the trpes wzlh an axe.0 Wn't hack at it! Cut it +all through the Mlw.
v + adv + prep
work here. rnnghily!
e v + p r e p v+adv ,hammer slh 'In; ,hammer sth 'Into sb to
+v+prev forcesb to learn sth by repeating it manytimes:
'gun for sth (irbfornurb(only usarl in t h e m ,hacksth'down tocutakee,etc.roughly sothat 1'11 manage fo hammer the point in sontehow O
it falls to the ground: Theyam hackingdown the Thy haue hadEnglishgmmmnr harmmeredrnio
slue fmm)t o m hard to get sth: to aim for sth: @ ~ LtoSsdi the timbm: them
TAW ore h t h gunning for p h m in the c h m - Qv+nlp-m+aUv + v+adv+n v+n@mn+pmp
pionsh rp. W tree ES)chop sth down
,hammer $th 'out 1todiscussa plan,a deal,etc.
Q v+prep @v+nlpron+adv v+adv+n for a long tune and with greateffort, until 9th i s
dwided oragreed on:It taok umk mhammerorat
gusSy hnsil (gm*k=. auswlng, gu-fad. ,hack 'into slh(mmputin& toflndaway of look- on a g m m n t . E d doel, agreement, polley2 t o
Inp at or changing the information on sb else's pt-duce a sound,play a tune, etc.especially on a
gussled) computer w~thouttheir knowledge or permls- piano. loudly and not very well: She hamme&
sion: A W M Mgirl managed to huck inlo the
,QussysMth 'up;,guSsyyOU~f'ufp(.AmE,
mnform0 to dresssblyourself in special,attract- bank'smmpultr:

ive clothes: to decorate 5th to make it look @V+PMP out ' H a pR~irlhday'on thepiam
attractwe: She glrssted herself up for the big
,hack sb 'off ( B E , irpformal)to make sb feel @ v + a d v + n+ v+n!pmn+adv
mm.o Jim's got all gussied up!o My dress
extremely annoyed or irritated:He was hadcad
waspbin, but Ijiu~siedit up wnthsomejewellery.
0 Thedly wasgmied upJor IhePresident's visit. ofl wrth thp whok situation. o She always m l s hand/ h n d /

doll yournelf up (Insth); betget dolled up her jobs done in the next I 0 minutes. That mflu

(In s t h ~

K 5 W Gusy sblsthup is usuallyused In the gas-

slrc w~thbeorgat.

6v+adv+n + v+pmn+adu

hacksmeon: KUUNU
~ a c skb off i s usually used in the passive
,hand sb 'back to sbmth used by a television
or as an adjective. or radio reporter at the end of a report fmm a
Q v +nlpron + adv + v+ adv +n
particular pIace ta show that themaia presenter
,hack sth 'off:,hack 8th 'OHsth tocut sth will continue: Now I'If handyou back to Trevor
in thestudio.
slh w ~ t mh ugh heavy blows: They hhackedofl the
v +nlpion+a& +prep
d w d brunches. o He hacked the @pad off the
door o She was alwuys thi-miminl: lo hack her ,hand sth 'back (to sb) Ito give sth back to the
person, country, etc, who usedto have it or who
lowly longhairon with the kitchenX ~ T S . owns it legally: The territory wap handad back to
W chop ath off,chop sth OW sth Egypt. o We wi1I not prms charges if the stolen
Q v* a& n 4 v +nlpron+adu + v + nlpmn+prep money ishandad back. money, control 2 to
give 9th back tothe personwho gaveit to you: She
,hack sth 'upto cut sth very roughly into large l ~ k e qduickly at my passwrt and then hm6W Sf
p~ecesHehQckd up the meat with a large knife. h k . EEi p a s s ~ r tl,etter, glass In mfor-

TW chop rth up

Qv+adv+n 4 v+nlpmn+&

hail ma1spokenlanguagehand sb back sth and, less
often, hand sb 8th back are also uswl I b n d e d
'hailfrom ... C f o m ~ ( n o t l l s e d i n t ~ h e p ~ t v he e r $ a c k h e r p n . o I h a n d d h e r k p e n k k .
tenses) to come h m or to live in a particular ETE) glve sth back (to sb); returnazh (to ab)
place: Whichpartof r m m d b h e h a ~ l f r o m ? 6 v+nIpron+a& v+adv+n

&V*PWP ,hand5th 'down1( a h,handsfh 'an)(to sb)to

give or leave sth to a younger person: All my

c l o r h were ho&&down to me by by bmthez 0

These skilk haue been handed down from

gantmthn to generation o He's got no one lo c 'hand-n [C]IIT]the act of moving poweror , h a n g a'round wlth s b ,hang a'round fora big trmserifyou want. o Ihopshemnagm
hand tkfumily house on lo.EQitradlon, eus- responsibility from one person or group to together (BrEo h ,hang a'bouu'mund 4 t h 50 hang on lo herjob, o Thecompanytvm lo be
tom, skill8 IEB pass sth dorm (to sb) W In another: the period duringwhich this happens ah. ,hang a'boutrroundtogether) (inform0 to
this meaning hand sth down isusuaIly used in impabkof h n n g f n g o n 0 i k s s M oHe'sogreal
the passl~e2. ( e ~ p e ~ ~Alml lEy) /of a court of law
or other o!Xcial body) to announce an official .-HANDOVER OVER at HnNn SWSTH OVER (TO spend a lot of time with sb or with a group of guy-youshou[dhangontohim!
dwision: The judge handed down a sentenre @
sixyears. EEi decfslon,sentence, verdlct s B ~ .HAND YOURSEL.F O.VE-R (Tn- -R-,AI people. Bob hangs around with Tim. o Bob and EE)holdonto sblsth, h d d an to sb/m
nrn hang omund together:o I don't like the kind +v+prep * v+adv+prep
~ v + n / p r m + a d vr v+adu+n ,hand sbtsth 'over (to a),,hand youmew
ofpwpkshe hangsubout with. ,hang 'out(informan1[tadvlpmp] tospenda lot
b 'hand-me-down n [usually PI.] (#specfolly 'met(to sbl to give sW* officiaLly to sb else, of tme In a plaw or with a person or a group of
AmE) clothmr that ia no longer wanted and is go amund wlth sb, go around togother peopIe. Wheretkw h@ hang out them@s?o She
given to sb else, especially a youngwbmther or especiallysb inauthority: They handed himouer
slster: I used to hate w r i n g my brother'shand- to thepolice. o Heforced me tohand over the keys Qv+adv+prep 4 v+adv+adv
me-downs.
to the we. ,hang 'back1to not move forwardsbemuse you wed to hung out with the h t k s esn thesixties.2
are nervous or afraid: Shehung h.ck m i d logo to spend tune relaxmg, doing v g y little: We've
E D delhmsb/& avertup(to rb),d d W nearthedog.2 t o stay behind in aplacesuchasa tust been hangingoutand Lktenlng tomusic.

yourself m r l u p (to s b ) ( m u r e f o m ~ school or an office after most of the other people +v+adv
have left: Myfriends rwhed out, but I hung bclck
ev+n,'pron*adv * v*adv+n lo folkto lhetwcher 3to be unwillingto dosth;to t-nr-'ho-an-ni-ngy.-osupet nnd(iInngfortirmrmel)waltphlafcrieewndhse:raepyoopuulliavre
F 'handorern[CI[Ulthe actof g l v i n g a m nor hesitate: Thss is a g m t opportunity We can't
,hand sth 'in(tasb) 1to give a piece of work to a thinf:to sb inauthoriw hang-outfnrteetmge~s
sb, such as a teacher, so that they mn correct, + S ~ ~ ~ I S O H A N D O YatEHRAMD OVER MSB,HAND
read or deal with it; to givesth to sb in authority STH OVER TO SB
-use ~tbelong to them or is lost: Make sum alford toRang buck. ,hang 9 t h 'out to attach things that you have

you hand inyourhomewrkontime.o Handyour ,hand sth hund ( w i a l l yBrm (AmE w w l l y Qv+adv washed to a piece of string or rope outside so
mom keys in by 10 a m BE essay, homework ,hand8tha'mund)to offerorpasgsth (espxially
food and drink) to each person In a group of ,hang 'on to hold sbisth firmly:Hang on light that they candry: to put sthsuchasaflag,etc.out
give sth In(to sbj2 to tell sb Mcially that people or in a room: &uld you hand round the o f a wlndow or in a street by attaching it to a
you intend to Ieave your job: I'vaju! haadd in and you luon'tfall ofl o Theh o w suddenly ml- prece of string or rope: Hewyou hungihe m h -
mndwiches,p h ? ing out?o Muny h o w hung out a banner sup
my notice, only your notlee, your resign, v+adv+n * v+nlpmn*adv lop& o r and I t r k i lo hang on as h t as I muld.
tlon E Z 9 g l m sth In (to 5b); reslgn porting the mmnrch.
+SteabHANG ONTO STHISB, HANC ON TO STHAB
Q v + a d v + n v+rdpmn+adv hang / h n l (hung, hungt h q l ) 2 (BrE, spoken, i n f o r n o used to ask sb to wait EZZi walhlng, elothea, flags, benner
for a short time: Hang on a mmute -I'm nearly
,hand sth 'on (to sb) 1to send or give sth to -a h t -wt ready. o The line's e w & . Would you like lo + S ~ ~ ~ ~ S O HUAP,NHACNG STH UP 1
another petson after you have Rnished with it:
Hand on themgazmet o y o u r m d . o Thelast -abouttogether - OYBr hang on? 3 (BrE also .hang a'hut) (spken, Qv+nlpmn+adv + v+adv+n
has h?Pnh a d on f0TIW. 2 = H A N D STH DOWN 1
IED passsthm(tosb) --- a W t with --rwntl rnformi')used to tell sb to stop what they are ,hang 'over sblsth if a problem, a t h a t or sth
arwnd roundtogeVler do~ngor saying, because you have just realized sad hangsoveryou, you think about it or worry
+v+adv+n + v+nlpmn+adv arwnd together sth, or becauseyou do not understand sth:Hang about it a lot. A question mark hangs over the
-around with -round wlth future of theclub (= no one knows what ts going
,hands t h 'out(fasbjl to give sth to each person on! I've had an him.o Ha* on! How much drd to happen). o Thethreat of dismlssaI hung over
111 a gmup: She handed dexlbwks out to the new 139 -back --together you say it was? o Hang on! That'snoE whatIsaid! our heads.
studen&. leaflets, money EEg glne rm -an UP 4to ccmtinue do~ngsth wen when the situatlon IsusJlquesffon mark,thmal EEl head,futum
IS difficult: HOWmuch bnger con their troops
-onto, on to 140 -with hang on in thntpusitlon?S to wait for 5th to hap Q v+prev
pen: I&nn answersoon-don't keepmehang-
out; pass 5th out (to sb) 2 to give advice, criti- .han*a 'round(BrE*i n f o m l )=HANG AROUND
ingon.
cism, a pun~shmente, tc. to s b The mrvls are ,hanga ' b u t(Brm1(WrmaO =HANG ON 3 2 = E S ) heldon ,hang 'round: ,hang 'round sth (BrE, irtfor-
Q v+adv
handingout toughsentences lofwuent o~en&rs. HANGAROUND 7 n d ) =HA.lG AROUND,HANG AROUWD STH
hang (on) 'In there (irhfibrmnt)to continue
Infonnutlon,punlshrnmt,s e n t e m ,hang a'bout,,hang a'bout rth ( B E ) = HANG ,hang 'round wlth sb: ,hang Wound
trying to do sth, even though it is very difficult: together (BrE,in$ormtJ =HANG AROUND WITH
IEEj dlsh sth out (tosb)(;nformal) AROUND. HANG AR0l:IUT.I S.TH.
Qv+nlpron+adv * v+adv+n Hangon in there! T h e m n uwillsoon Mover SR. HANC AROUND TOGF,TIIER
,hang a'bout with sb; ,hang a'bout
F 'handoutn 1 something that is given free to togeiher ( B r a =HANG AROUND WITH SB, HANG 'hang on s t h to depend on sth: My w h l e f ~ t u r e ,hang to'gether to be well organired and fit
people, especially fwd, money or clothes 2 a together well: to have parts that aU agree wlth
document giv~neinformation about sth, e s p AROUND TOGETHER hung on hisdecision.
clally one that is given to a groupor a class by a each other: Tlne ixwk doesn'tmlly hang t o g e l k
teacher,speaker,etc. ,hang a'mund (&E a h ,'hang a'bouLPlound) E Z declslon depend on sth
(informa0'Ito wait: SDrry to keepyou hmging
,hand 'wer ta s b ,handsb 'over to sb(mp aroundfor so low.oI won't hangarboutfiryouf @ v +prep o Thw m u n t of what happened doesn't hnng
you're lute.E 9 walt around (for sbhth) 2 to
crolly RrE) to give sb else a turn to speak when delay doing sth;to keslow to do sth:Huveyoupw 'hang sth on sb ( M r m a l ,especially Ana.57 to mgether
Qv+adv
you have finishd talking: I'd like to hand owr . "".ished otreudy? Youdon't hang about doyou? blame sb for sth, often unfairly: You mn't hang
now to o w guest s w k e o~I'lI h n d you ouer to the da m g e W your computer on ,hang'up:,hang8th 'upItoattachsthhmthe
&d for a chat. "A u + * r h , me -I Wasn't
+euen there! top to a h w k , a piece of string,etc, so +thatthe
v + adv +prep v +nlpmn+adv +prep ,hang a'round;,hang a'round 8th (BrEalso v+ nlpron+prep lower part is five or loose;to be attached In this

,hand 'wer to sb; ,hand nth 'over to sb to ,hang aWutrmund, ,hang a'bouV"rnund am) ,hang 'onto s t h l s b ,hang 'onto sthmb to way: My dress Is hanging u p in the wardrobe, o
givesb else your position of mwer or authority; hold sthlsb tightly: Hang o m m y hand whID w
to givesb elsethe responsibility for dealing with (mnformn0 to spend t m e somewhere, without cross the road. Shall I hawflw coat up?o He loot off his suit
a particular situatlon: Iam resigrringond hand- doing very much: WespentmossoJ the &y h n g - EZi holdon,hold&rlhlsb, hold on to sWrb and hung it up ~ u 2 I yB.Ei coot clothw +see
ing ouer ta my depuw oMy father has hafaded a h HANG STH OUT 2 (on sb) to end a telephone
overthe b u s i m tome. iw about doing nothing. o Children hang ++ $eeakOHAMGON conversation, often very sudde* by putting
Qv+edv+prep + v+adv+n+prep amwid the s i r e e ~h~u s e there's nowhere for v+adv + v+prep + v+adv+prep
down the part of the telephone that you speak
v +n l p +adv +prep them to p b . o Why are they alwys hangrng ,hang 'onto sb~sth;,hang 'on to s b i s t h into (the receiver) or switching the telephone
round our h o w ? (1qforma0to k w p sWsth: to not sell,give away or
Qv+adv * v+prep losesth:Hong on to the r m i ~int m y a u w a n * lo ofi. She hung up on me.o Don't hang u p I'd like
change the d m r eoS YSOUmn hnng on to h k w+- -.,I to Dad too. o I was so uaset I hun-a u-u the

phone. phone, -hr~r 3;o finish using sth

.forthe last time:to giveup a uarticular a c t~t x hashIh- a-*l.l Wonnak)to discuss 8th in ,ham sb a'rwnd (especinlfy Arid) = HAVE ss l o m o m w ? m~ l n g , wnmthhg,a kt
n g~i -
pmfession, etc: @r tz&@ &urs p l q y i ,hash stb 'outMmE, in order to m c h an agree OVER Have nth on is not us& ~nthe passive.
detaflfor a long time
-bnll, k'sfiM'9hwingIrwismk ,have il a'way (wlth ab){BrE,slung) = VAVB IT @ v+nlpmn+adv

*"+a& + v+adv+n+ v+rdpmn+adu OFF (WITH SB) 1 alsov+ adv + n ( h f m q u e n f )
ment: Theyaresiill hashingout lhe&iuikof the
-get ,hung'up(Amto be delayed: lgot hung UP ,have sb 'back( e s p ~ c h l tBy rE) 1 to allow a hus- ,have sth 'on nbisth ( a h b,got rth 'on
conmf. band, wife or artner that you are wparated
10traflc. o Sorry 1'm Lw 1got hung UPat Iha thresh from to return: He Rrrd his wife bnck lime and sblsth) ( i m r m a o (not u d in the p v i w
timeagain. FEZ)@a ab b.ek 2 to invite sb to tenses)to know sth bad about someone that cen
^ff^^ your house afier you have beensomewhere with be used agalnst them: Thepolicehad nothrw on
VJJXC. @v+adv*n v+nlpron+adv them: m r thecinemauh?hadewryMy hckrfor hrm (= no evidence that he had committed a
wffee..,svl, ask ssb back; lnvltm sb beck (mom crime).
eget+v+FIdv
form0 EQ aomethlng,notklna
'hangwith sb(AmE,skmg)tospendalotd time hatch~ J I Have sb hack isnot used in the passive. m H m sth on sb(sth i s not used in the
with sb:Awyoustillhanging withthomguys?
,hatch ,od (BrE)when a bird, an insect etc. @ v + nlpmn +adv passive.
0V + P W hatches out, it comes out of the e u , when an @ v +nbmn +prep
,havesth 'backto receive 6th that hasbeen bor-
e R hatches o u t it breaks open and a bird, an rowed or taken h m you: Cun I haw the h k ,have sth 'out 1to have a tooth or an organ of
buck by Thursday?
'hanker Irfberhr a h to want sthvery much:He Insect, etc. comes out: Thechi& hutch oulufler Have 8th back isnotused inthe passive. yourbodymoved:Ihnd to haueaioothout. EEi
hankered after big city life. tooth,appendix, tonslls2 (wlth sb) to talk to sb
meen days. o Have the eggs hntFhod out yet? o Qv+nlpmn+a&+ v+adv+n(mre) openly to try tosettle a disputeor disagreement:
)SYH) long for slm Shefinally decided to h u e it out with him.El
When wrll fhemterpiilarshalchout?
9V + P W P =Hatch is used instead of hatch out in

American English. It can also k e used in Britkh

Engllsh.

Qv+adv

,happen e'fongrby ( i n f m d j to arHve or haulI ~ T J ,have sb 'downas sth(wmiallB~m to think Aeve s* isnot usedin the passive,
appear unexpectedly: A pIice w r h a p w
that sb is a particular type of person,especially QV+nlm*a*

nlongjusi at that rnornenl. ,haul sb be'fore s M h ( a h ,but sb 'up when in fact they are not: I didn't haw you ,haw sb 'over (also,hWp sb a'mund especblly
AmE) (RrEa2.w ,haw sb 'twnd) to ~nvitesb to
Qv+adv befom sbhM) ( i n f i r m 0 tomake sb appear in a down as IhejmIousWm. come to your house: They had somefrtendp ouer
lasf night. o We're having people round for din-
'happenampon s h t h (o&Imhbn& t o k d court of law in order to lx judged: T h g r n ~msb do- sth is not used in the
ner 6onlghf.
or meet sWstb by chance: I fmppened umn the hauled hfore the courts. o They hnuM her up in - - ..
front of senioro m s . mHave sbw e r l a r o u n ~ Ids not used in
book I m l e d in a second-handhokshop. ,have sb 'In ( a h haw ,get sb 'In) to have sb
,sr*, brfng sb before sblsth Imreformal)
,sr*,erne acrosa sblsth In front af sblsth can be used instead of doing somework in your home or office: TW'ue the passive.
got the b u i k in allm k . o WeAnd the insmt-
e v+Prep before: They hatiled hm up iinfmntofseniorofi- o n in on M p Qu+rllpmn+&
W Have sbin is not usedinthe passive
cem Haul sb (up1beforelin front o f sWsth is ,have sb 'up(for sth)(BrE.irbformolt)toaccuse sb
Qv+nlpson+adv of sth and bring them to a court of law to be
,,,I,form hark at sb,to show that you think what sb often used Inthe passive. examined by a judge: He rnhad upfor dnnger-
'hark at sb (spoken,humurnus)usedonly in the ,haw sth 'In( a hhave .got & "In)(nor u.wd in ous driviw.
HAUL sn UP
ha s justloslaoisde is stup-hidt,,o. r shows too hmeur!chprldseo: +,+ntpron + prep Ihepmgressiw lenses) to have a supply of sth in
'Hnrk
,haul5b 'offtto -1.. .)(fWormal)ttoake sbsome your home, etc:Do we h n v e e n o w h f d infor #he Have sbupI susually u& Inthepassive.
hnliday? o Iwanted togel a newswimsuit, but the & v +nlpmn+adv
thin Jmn hardly see her!' where by force: They h u I d him fltojail.
Z E 3 drag sb off (to sthl...)
A I,+ nmn
.Y Fmut'

,hark 'back to sth I 10taut a b u t or r e m e m b
-hack to s t h is often used in the progmss~ve v + nlpkn +adv + v +a&+n (mre) storedidn't haveany inyet. hawk{ha:k/
,hawk sth a'Walroun&mumd; ,hawk
sth that hapwed inthe past or was mentioned ,haul sb 'up (idormr) make sb a p m in a Havesth In ~snotusedlnthep~ssive.
court of law In orderto Wudged: Hewas h u k d Q u + nlpmn +adv
You m y t p harking up ona chamof d n m g m o w d r l v i ~ , sth a'boutla'roundl'round sth (RrE)to try
the paF1, have It 'off ( a h,have It a'way (Wfth 8b))W E , to sell things by golng h m place to place asking
Haul sb up isoffenused inthe passfve. slang)to have sex with sb pmpleto buythem: Pimtempi~softheir CDwere
B E the pasthyouth Dm3In this meaning hark k i n g hawked amund. o Thqr hawked their
@v+ll+adv news&ter aromdstlldent bass.
tenses. 2 ( B r E )toremind youof or to be like sth ' S P e a a L S O H A U L SB B B P O R E S R I S T ~
m the past Themelody harks back to one of hw @ v+REpm"+a* v+aChr+n(mm) ,have sb 'om(hformao(usually cmd in thepro- Qv+nlpmn+& + v+a&+n(lesP-wt) *
earlier symphonies El74 In this meaning hark n m i w &mto)joke withsb by pretendingsth
back t o s t h isnot used rntheprogressive tenses. haveIhav,av,hfwJ(has, M n g ,had, had) 18 true when it is not: 'We've won a new car!' v +nlpron+prep
'You'rehauimame on!'
ev+adv+prep ,have sth a'galnsl sbtsth ( o hh m ,gotm
v +dpron + i d v
a'galnst sblsth). (not used i n the progmsive headmeal
,havesth 'on( a hhaw ,got sth 'on)l (mwed
temes) to dislike sWsth for a parti- reason: 'head f o r m r d s sth ( a h bm 'head.d * l
m f h e p r o g r m i w ~ ~ ~ t o b e w e a r i n g sSthhe:'s towwds s4h tkpciaIIy A m ( o m used i n the
,harp'on(aboutsthh 'harpan sth(hfbrmal)to I've got nothing against harfmily m m m l l y got her k l dress on. o He had nothing (= no p r o p c s i u e t e r n ) 1to be going in a prticular
keeptalkingabout sth in a way that other people clothes)on! o He had on a bkre and white^
findannoying:He'sstiflharpingonabout having - it's lust that them are so many of them! o 1 shirt andjeans. E E i clothes,#at, hat,ate I 3 3 d~rectlonor to a parEicular place: It's ttmef wus
hi7 bike s t o h . o He's always hrpiqq on the be wearing rth 2 to have a piece of electrical heading for home. oJane hmded for the door
don't know what she hadagainsf me,
Samthmne. E L nothlng,anything,sornethlna ~quipmenstwitched on: Ididn'l heoryou comein E 3make fw sblrth2 to belikely to experience

m @oon(aboutm) Have sth against sblsth is not u w d i n the &we 1had the radioon. @Etellevldon, tadlo sth, especially sth bad: They'm W i n g Jor
passive. 3 to have something planned or arranged: I've trouble. o Thecuunfly is headdfor an m m m i c
Qv+a&*v+,mp
Qv+pron+m

hmi a lot on recznlly. 0 What doyou huw on Cfor) d m t m E E l ~ b l ed+ h t , disaster. vlctory,
aCll

+v+prep ba+v+prep

,head'offtoleavea place to go mmewhemeIseor hearlhra(r~;~(dhewad,heard/hsa heat , h a / hemmed in by resbrictiot~~.
do sth else: It's tunem m o f l togetthe hebrain. AmE twnd/)
,h e l 'up@nEj=HOT w .rsmr)fen- sh In
Qv+adv 'hear a b u t sb/sthto be told new3 or infurma- .heal 'up:,heat sth 'Upto becomewarm or hot: Hem sblsthin isoftenused in thepashre.
tion about sb/sth:I'm so sorry tahear about your
,headSb 'offtoget in f'rontof s b h o r d e r tomake 6 ,+wpm" +a& v +adv* n
them turn back or go in a different direction: mother(=forexample, that sheis a).o Hawyou to make sth warm or hot: T h e p i w will erpand
filim tried lo head off the dmnonslmlomW o r e
theygot tothecityhail. hwmloboutyourjobyet (= if you have got it or as they heat up. o Wemn hent up the soup in the herdmd;=JmEkrd/
Isv*1 Intercept sb (muref o m d j
not)? mirroww. ,herd Wgether; ,herd sblsth to'gether to
v+adv+n 4 v+nlpmn+adv move or make sWsth m m m a particular d m
Q v+vmp E!3 warm up,wsnn sth up tion: They were herded together inio trucks and
,head sb/sth 'offto prevent sth:to stopsbfrom @ v+adv + v+&+n * v+nlpmn+adv
dorng sth. Their attempts lo tread o f f crltklsm "ear from sb; 'hear sth from sb 1toreceive
news or informationfrom sb, usually by letteror hedgethmt dr~uenaluqv.
hauefoiIed
@ v+adv+n v+nlpmn+& telephone: Da you ever h w r from any of your Herd sbkth together is &en u s d in the
s c b !friends? o (rrmrrmtIml m) k f o r m r d to hear-
'head towards sth (also be 'headed towrds ing from you. o I haven't heard mything fm ,hedgesth a'boutra'roundtmundwlth sth passive.
Kafeforages. 2 toformallyget sb'sopinionabout
{BrE,formal) to surround and limit sth with g v + a d v r v+nlpron+adv v+sdv+n

conditions or restrictions: E m p l o y m i is hide/hard/ (hid/h~d/hiddan/'hrdnl)

sth @ S p e ~ i d y h # =EH) EAD F Q R m W A R D S STH, BE sthor their description of sth that has happened, hedj,,w'around with Iegblation murodays.

HEADED FOF~TOWARDSSTH such as a n accident, etc: Can zue hearfrom soma H d g e 5thabouUaroundh.Oundwith sth ,hide a'way: ,hi& yourn* a'way to go to a
is usually used in the passive. place serretly because you do not want anyone to
,head 'up sth: ,head Wthem 'up to be in of the women in t h e a u d k m ? ~Thepolice would findyou: She ured to hide away in her rwm when
charge of sth such as a department, a company, +v+nlpmn+adv+prep she got &p&. o She hid hersew army ~ l n l i l
an organization, etc: She heads w ourfinam like lo heorfrom anyone who witnessed the mi- shefelt bet#,:
,hedge swath 'Into surroundsWsth with sth; to
division. dent. o I'd like lo hear somelhingJrom somebody restrlct the freedom of sbto do sth:Thecathedm1 g v t a d v rv+pron*adv
is h d g e d in ty other bufMings. o HefiIt hedged
operablon, company who's had experlenmoJ studying abrmd. in hy oli the rulesand regulations, b 'hMeawaya a place where ski goes t~ be alone

Q v + prep * v+ nlpron +prep IFEl fence ab In: ham sblsth In ,hidesbtsth a'wayt a p u t s b k t h i n a ~ p l a c e
-Hedge sWsth in is often used in the 9 0 that no one else can 6nd themlit: You won't
A noun must always follow up, but a pra 'heardsbkthto knowabout sblsth M u s eyou passive.

noun comes between the verb and up. r This have been told about themlit: I'w haard of #he

phrasal verb is also used Inthe passive: Thenew Alexander iechnique, but I don't know mything

company wrll kheaded upby GmhornHan abaur it, oI'ue never heard of him Qv+nlpron+adv + v+adv+n

Head sth is also usedwith the samemean- Hear of sb is often used inthe present per-

ing She heads our.finanmdiufston. fect tensewith h m . help/help/ ,hide 'outto go to asecretphce to escapef h m sb
+ see also UNHEARD-OFat HEAR OF SB~STHH, EAR who is tryinglo find you: He hid oui in the woods,
Qv+adv+n + v+pron+adv ,help d h a'longto try to make 5th happen more
,+v+
healhi:u STII OF SI3lSTH quyckly or easily: MYmother a l w s wsthat Q ahweout a ,,hplwahoeme sbgoeswhen they do
,t tobe found
@ v + prep cup of lea helps t h h g ~along. o His faihr's
namehel@aIong hrsmreerm Ihewrlydays.
,heal 'uprover if a cut, a wound, etc. heals 'hear of sbrsth;'hear sth of sbtsthto have
uplwer, it closes and bemmes healthy again: news of sblsth: I lurrs sorry to hear of your mi- ,helpsb 'offl'onwfth sth to help sb to takeofF ,hikesth 'upI (Informaf)to lift or pull upa p i e x
Herkk-mka long timetohm1 rap. o Thecut hap dent. o He was hsf hwrd of in UwrpooL o or put ona pieceof clothing,such asa a t : Con I of clothing that youarewearing:He hiked up his
help you ofl with your m i ? o She he[@ him on
hwledouernotu You'rPgoingcrbroad7This~stlrcrfimtI've hwtvi trouxrsonduxldedinlothewa~ hkhath
with hk dressrraggomn. up2 to increase a price or rate suddenlyand by a
W Heal isoften usedwith the samemeanlng. of it?o Fmm what I've heard of Andy, he's large amount They h i k d UP the p r m hv 40%.
bemme v e p succe.c.fu1, o I m W we'll hear more *Q v+nlpron +adv prep
6 v+adv of thisband in thefufullrre

heap hipi Hearof sb 1s orten used inthe passlve.

"eap A on & 'heap 8 with A ( a h 'heap A ,, ,,+ ~ # a k 0NOT H E A R OF STH, NOT HEAR OF SB -,help 'out{with sth). ,help sb ' o d (wlth .th) to FEB jack sth up in for ma^, put sth up
help sb in order to make things easier for them, Hike sth isused lessorten with thrsmeaning.
upon BmorelbrrnQO1toputalotof sthina pile ,+v+wep. ~ + " t p s o n + ~ ~ for example hy doing same of their work or by
u n h h u r d . o f d j t h a thas never been known or giving them money:Thankyoufor Aalping out. o +v+adv+n rv+pmn+adv* v+n+advImrt.)
on sth: She hmpedfcd on my ~hle.T0h f o d done; surprising:~t3 utmost u n h m d ~ f f iirt to Mydndsnrdhe'dhelpmeuut withmow.

was Am@ on the plate. 0 T h chairs ,in them injlllu
-hoped wrlhcushions.3 to offer or glvesba lot of
of sth; not sb doing ~ e l (pwith. stn) and help sb (with 8th) hingemd31
sth, especially praise or criticism: They hen& 'hlngeon sth(ulso'h1nyupan r(h momfwmaD
can be u s dwfth the same meaning. if an action, a result, etc,hingesonluponsth,it
h'sprOmmz. oPratsewashaaped On tonot atlologwosobumt ethinwgoournIroItnahZllworwsb to do sTthhe: IV +v+adv + v+nlpron+edv + v+adv+n(mre)
depends on lt completely or is strongly M u -
the p~licefor their handling of -. 4ffd it ,
menced by it: whole c a w r muld hmni?e on the
praise, scorn wuMn'l hear of w p o s t m n i w the trip 'help sb to s* 'help yourself to s& to give *reSUILS these @Xams. TheWmX5 of the Pro-
--- -pdna.t.vTeh. ese pM are offenusedinthe shtyourseIf some food or drink. a n I hc[pany.
+~tt0.bUFIHRARD-OF at HEAR OF SB~STHH.EAR
one to more chicken?o Plwse help yourselws lo
Q v + dpmn +prep STH OF SBlSTH fect hrngacon how wellweryone works together
salad.
,heapsth 'UPto put sthintoa pile:A hyge PI^ qf ,h9eaVr +sbP a~w~tPto listen until sb hash i s h d say- - ev+prep
washing was heawd up inac o r n &v+nlpmn+prep hintm t i
BE)plle sth up ing what they want to say: I kmur you don't
-.--h..e-m. hem!, (.-mm-\. S W S w~ i~th 8th so 'hint s t f ~to s w ~ e sitn an indirectMY that 9th
+v+nlpmn+adv + v+adv+n beIiew me, butplmsehmrme out!
& v+nlpron+adu ,hem sbMh 'In to S U - ~

tllst they move h i y : *hick IS true or likely: I n h i r s m h the PrimeMinister

b~mme db ~m ino nal lsider,oTh esh iplu a s h i " "Hd ionftaant~strh[cya@n b~ t ei o nd M a e p w i v e : The
hemmed by the ice. o (yigumiiw) We felt problem u m only hintedar
zn



h.-o--w.. out l*lll..II.- 146.*....... *.............................................1*,,.111*.....................................-

,hold ' o d sth to offer a chance, hope or mssibU- sth holds them together,they are logical and hvnk 2 to form 8th by making a hole in mme- hoseLWL;~ m ~ h w z l
ity of sth: He muy m,but I don't hold out the parts agree with each other His idem don't thing eke: 17re tuoues haw Iwllowed out caws
much hope. o This methud mms to hold out the really hoM logether o Words [ike 'however: along theclifl ,hose sth 'down to wash or clean sth using
+v+adv+n + v+pmn+& + v*n+adv(mre) water from a longrubberorplastictube(a hose):
~mutestpromiseofsuccess, Zher@ore', 'alihough: &. nm hokf your iexl
homem a u m : ~ ~ ~ e ~ h o u m / lhosedfhervrrdownlogetridofthemud.
D t h e prrrmlsdprospee~p~gIMIIotfy...,h v W h e r 3to remain in one piece: to $tay In good +w+nlpmn+adv + v+adv+n
E E t l Hold out s t h rsnever used wlthapronoun. condition: It's a m i m k that hiscar is slIa how- ,home 'In on sblsth 1 to move or be aimed
straight towards sblsth: She homed in on me as hot fint: A d h a ? / (-W)
@v+a&+n ingl o g e t k o Hls trousers wreheid together by soonasshesawme. 2 toturnallyourattentionto
sth: The laoyerhomad in onthe imnsbtenciesin ,hd'up(BrEj@mE,hmmt 'upinforma0to become
,holdSth ' o dtoholdsthsuch asyourhandor 8th iwlefypiw. her stov. more lively o r exciting: Thingsare holting up as
in your band, in fmnt of you towardrsb else:She e)v + adv +prep the election nppt.wches. o As the poce hot& up,
+v+adv * v+nlpron+adv v+adv+n hedropped h c k inm third place.

heZd her cup ooi for more Mee. o 'You must be ,hold 'up 1to remain health%in good condition 6v+adv
Kate,' hesaid, holding out hishand.
or working effectiwly,especially when there are
EEi hand
dimculties: Sales have held up w I b in spite qf
+v+nlpmn+& 4 v+a&+n
mnomlcd&i2ultiPs, o How didyourrent hold up
,hold 'outfor sth to deliberately delay reaching m the storm? 2 d an idea, a n argument, etc.
houndf i a m d l
a n a g m m e n t in the hope that you will gain sth; holds up, it remains strong when you analyse ~t
,hook sb 'Intosth;,hwksb 'Intodoing sth a,hound sb 'out; ,hound sb 'out of
to refuse to accept anything less than what you carefully: Idon 'tthink h a argrament m i l y horn ( A d , injbrml) t o persuade s b to do sth when 'houndsbfrorn sthtororcesb t o l e m a p l a c e
they do not want to: Idldn'i m n t be involved or theirjob: Theywluerehoundadoutofthelown.0
are asking for:Union I w d e ~ ~ ~ ~ h o l d i n g o u t ~upr. aIEB stand up but I got hwked intu helpzng, o He trted 50 hook She was houndedfromgolitics by her ttvak.
me intogoing with them. Hound sb out i s usually used In the pas-
+bener&oL +v+a& W H w k sb into sthlintodoing 8th Is n w l y
v + adv +prep always used Inthepassive. SlYC.
,hold sblsth 'up 1to raise sblsth in the air: She Q v + nlpron+prep
@ v+nlpmn+adv + v+adu+n(mm)
,held 'Out O n sb (ir#?rmd)to r e h e t o tell or held up her hand lo stop him. o He held up his ,hook 'up(wsth sb) 1(ftlfbrma0to agreeto work v + n l p m n + a d v + m* v+nlpmn*pr%p
give sb 5th: You p m m M to giue me the money. trophy us the mud applauded. 2 to support with sb: We've hmkedup with afirm mIwInnd.2
sblsth and prevent itkhern from fdallrng:Her trou- (informal,esmc!aliyAmE)to meetsb and spend huddlef h a i ~
Slopholdingouton me. time with them: On vomtion we h o k e d u p with
sen were heid ufr with striw.o The two pillors some Texanr.o Let's hook up whenyou gel bock ,huddle to'mther to move,stand or sit dmto
@ v+ a& + prep from your trip. 3 (AmE. r r h f O m l ) to start a rela- one another for warmth or gmtection: We h d -
were h u M i ~ gthe ceihng up. IF@keep ath up 3 tionship with sb: They hooked up a! mle'sparty. dIed togetherfor warmth.
,hold sth 'over 1 to leave sth to be dealt with @v+adv
to block or delay the progrcss of sblsth Road- *u+&
later: Wadwided to hold the ma&r over until the mrks on the motorway are holding up tmfic. o ,huddk 'up (aguinsuto S W M ) to press -If
,hook 'up: ,hook s h t h 'up(to8th) to connect into a small $pawfor warmthor protection: She
next m i n g p o s m m t h 2 ( A m to Shephond lomy she'd bmn held up at the oj,%x. sbtsth to a piece of electronic equipment or to a huddled up a ~ a i n sht im lokeep warm.

show a IilmEmovie or play for longer than o Idon'i tvnM lo hokdgou un 4 to rob a person, a powersupply.AIl#hes~mkershookuptoasingle @ v+adv
planned because it i s sa successful:Theshow is
bank, a shoplstore, etc, using a gun: Have fhgr
h ~ n g h e l doverfor another month.
asught thepeople who held up the bank?
EiilHold sth overisoffen used in the passive. Hold sblsth up is d e n used lnthe passive. amplifier o The h l ~ v a shooked up lo the shore
Q v+rJpmn+ath,+ v+adv+n
6 v+adv+n + v+nlpmn+adv
b 'holdover n (Ama person wha keeps a rn
4v+adv+n v*pmn+adv + v+n+adv{rare)
ltxon ot power, for examplesb who had a particu- b 'hold-up n Ia delay o r sth which causes a
lar posltlon in one government and who still bas delay: Whut's the hoId-up?2 an act of robbing a

ft In thenext person, a bank,a shoplstore, etc. using a gun power suppl~lo Thqr'w hmked him up lo rr life-

,holdsth 'oversbtousesththat youknowabout ,hold sbtsth "p as sth to present sWsth as an supporl machine. 'hungerafter- sth ( l i w m v )to toa strong
sbin order to threaten them and to make themdo example of sfi. My mother held up my musinas des~rcfor sth and try to get it: She huragm &r
what you want:Idon't want logiw him anything an examplesf a d s t u d e n t . Q v + a d v + v+adv+o v+fdpron+adv
to hold o w me. Q v + nlpron + adv + prep 4 v * a&+ n+prep b 'hook-upn a connection between twoo r more wealth andpresl&e.
@ v* nlpmn +prep pieces or equipment: on international phone
ev+prep
hook-up
%OMhsth if you hold to a n opinion, a belief, 'hold with sth t o a m with orapproveof sth:I
etc., you do not change it: Sheolwuys holds to her don't hoId with tthese new tlneoriesoneducation. hunkerphnqka(r)/
Hold with sth 1sonly used in negative sen-
princlpk ,hunker ' d m(esminllyAmE) 1to siton your
tences and questions. ,hoover sth 'up(BrEj to removedust, dirt, etc. heels with yourknees bent up in front of you: We
S33 kaeptorth;rtkktosth
OY+P~~P fiom a carpet or flmr with a vacuum cleaner (= hunkered down around thefire. TEE3 squat 2 to
Q v +prep an elwlrical machine that cleans floorsand car- refuse to change a n opinion, a way of behaving,

'hold sb to sth 1to make sb keep a promise: T hale/haul;A&houl/ pets by sucking up dust and dirt): Vigumliw) etc: The Democwts haw hunkered down and
promue I'll tokeyou out todinner iS we win. ' TII The US und Canado usually hhoouer up ail the won't b moved 330 startto work at sth or study
hold you to ihotl'2 ( s p m )to stop your opponent ,hole 'up;be ,holed'up(idormnf)to hidesome- ~oMandsiluerm d ~ l s atthe Olymps Gemes,
very hard: It's trrne you hunkered down and
in a sports competition winning more points where. The fhieues hied up in a n m p g ware. +v+adv*n v+nlpmn+adv
than you: Spain h e k l h n m lo a 1-1draw. house. o The police couMn'l find out where the slartdstudying.
Q v+ nlpron +prep gang were holed up.
+v+adv + be+v+adv horsep w ~ ; ~ t n E h a : ~ &v+a&
"old dth to sth to placesth close to 5th else:He
,horse a'round(BrEaLpO ,horse a'bout) (infor- huntm t l
held o knreferoherthroat.
mu0 to play In a noisy and careless way that is ,hunt sb 'downto searchfor sbuntil you find or
Qv+nlpron+prep Hkcly to darnage sth or hurt sb: you two don't catchthem: He uomd to hunt downthe k i l h
&v+adv+n + v+nlpmn+adv
,hold to'gether, ,hold 8th to'gether 1 to ,hollow sth 'out 1to make a space inside sth by stop horsingaround you'll hurlyourselves.
remain, or to keep sbtsth, united: The clwlitbn removing part of it: We hollowed out the pump BYE) mess around( B r m
hes hem together for hnger than expechi. o kin and put a mndle in it o a hollod-out im
+v+adu
Srrang bonds of &yo.!&hold thefamlly tw&t

2 if ~deas,arguments, etc. hold together, or

.h...u...n....t..d...o....w....n............................................................... ..........1..4..8.............................................. ......................r...........................I.*..-

,hunt sih 'downroutt o h d sth d e r a longand ,hurry sbMh 'up to encourage sb to move or

dfficult search:ImnMged tohunt out t h s e f i ~ work faster;to do 8thto make sth happen faster:

you m t e d . c Cun you hunt domn his phone Httpur-rywyouArrbrmw'tht egrout paallrdrw1~Iol$IelsIathtee.roeHa umrryy it
numhrfor me? of

IE@ dlg sth out; mot sWsth out hurrging fhlws up? Ice/am{ m l m r n e n e sb in 8th is oAen wed in the
e v + a d u + n + v+pmn+adv + v + n + a d u ( m )
+v+nlpmn+adv v + a d v + n ( m ) +,b'mrrup: be ,led "Pup to become passive.
covered by a layer of ice: The rwn'hnd iced over v +niprwr+prep
,hunt ~ b i s t h'UPto search for sWsth, especially
shisth that Is hidden or difficult to find: We

hrulted u p a w n a who might hnwkmwn him. ,hush bth 'up to hide information about a situ- during thenight. o Thewindscreen hn$Wrrp o impactI ~ ' P & I
ation, especially 8th bad or shocking, because The lake was M u p .
Qv+adv*n v+pmn+a& * v+n+adv(mre) Irn'pact on sbMh (also Irn'paot upon sb/sth
Em ~ m 0 r , ~ u p moreformal).to haveaneffect on sblsth:Govern-
youdonotwantpeopletokn~wabouitt: the go^ ment cuss will innpact directfy on etitrmtim, o
Qv+adv + be+v*abu
ernment tried to hushthe flair up.

,hurry sbtsth a'longtodoor say sth tomake sb IDS33Hush 6th up is often used in the passive: Thrsdectsdon m y ~mpactontheunemployed.
Tlrescandal mx hush9 up.
move or work faster,to do sth to make stb hap BE!) affect sblsth
pen faster: Hurry the kidsoQngor mue'l! miss the Q)v+nlpron+adv v+adv+n 'eF'dentifywlth sb/sthto feelthat you canunder-
U+P~~P

train. o We should t q to hurry fh-s along a stand and sham the feelings of sb else: He's a impingelrmpmdsl
chamcler thot wadersfee1 theycanidentify with.
+brt. ,hype s h t h 'up(infomaI) ta advertiseor talk Im'plngeon sb/sth(also Im'plngeuponsb/afh
v+ nlpmn+adv @v+m moreformi) to have a strong effect on sblsth,
ahout sblsth inan exaggerated way in order to I'dentWy sb w4th sbisthto considersbtobesth especially a bad one: She rlidn'l ailow her per-
,hurry 'On(tosth)to mntinuespeaking, without get alotof publicattent~onfo~r tH: ~shiestmovie sonal p r o m 0mpinge on he? w r k .
allowing anyoneto interrupt w speak: She bur- or to bc closely connected with sbkth: The h t
ned on to the next topic Wore I could object. o I S being hypedupbythemedm. Ihingshewantedwastobtide?li@?d withherpar- eE% affect ab/-
'Juah v e that lo m;she hurried on. Hype sWsthup isoften wed in thepassive. mts. o Muny of these artists were cfosery idens '+Prep
fied with Cubfsttpninting
6v+adv + v+adv+speech Hype sblsth 1s also used with the same mean-
EElIdentify sbwlthsWsth IS used inthe imposelmapwn~; r m E r m ' ~ l
ing.
passive
,hurry 'up{spoken) used to tell sb ta moveor do Qu+rdpron+adu v+adv+n
sth more quickly: Hurry up,we h u e to leave in Qv+dpmn+prep Im'pow on sb to expect sb to da 8th for you or
five minutes! 0 I wishthe buswould hurry up and b ,hyped'up adj (inf~nnaI1) (of a person) very
come. o l wish the waiter wouM huny up with excitedor worriedabout 6thShegelsuery hyped i'dentlfy sth wlth sth to consider5thto be the spcndtime with you when theydonothavemuch
same as sth else: Beau& k o m kknw with time,or when it may not heconvenientfor them:
OWMUp. up before a m.2 (of a M o v i e , a book an
youth, Tim never says 'hb;so people are alulays i m p -
Q v+adv event,etc.)advertised or talked about inan exag-
geratd way to get public attention: a hypedup ing on him.
ev+nlpm+m
mvi.9

I'dentlfy yourself wlth s M h ; be @ v+prev

I'dentlffed with aMth to support sWsth; ta impress/m@resl
be closely connected with sblsfi He refwed tu

rdenlifi himself wrth IhenewpoliiicaIpar~ im'presssth on sb(& Im'prpsrnth upon sb

4 ~ U ~ ~ D A N STR W~ITVH SYBISTH moreformi) to emphasizeto sb how important

or serious sfh is: I wanted to impress on hrm that

it was a uery swims offence.0 She i m p m d on

,Idle sth S'wayto spend time doingnothingvery her stcff the importance oj keep~ngmum@
important: They iolM awuy Ihsir time watching
television. mrds.

FEEi day, Urne The object of impresg usually comes&er
on sb.
@v+adv+n s v+ntpfon*a&
v +n l p m+prep

Im'press sth!ltself on sth (also Im'pruu

sthntaetfuponsth moreJormQi)tf sbimpresses

Im'bue sbhth wlth sth to AU sWsth with a sth on or sth impresses itself on your mind,
strong feeling, qualkt): etc:He m a W to imbue
his employeeswlth lmm spirit o Thepainting b memory, etc. it has a great effect on you so that
you do not forget iP Her h n f y impressed itself
Imbued wlEh ewrgjrand I@.
on everyom who met her o Hrs worrIs impressed
InfusaBwithA themlueson my memom

~ I m buesWsthw I t h 6 t h i ~ o f t e n u ~ e d t h e& v + n l p r o n + p w

pnssrve Imprint /m'prmt/
@ v+nlpmn*prep
im'print A lnmn B;Im'prlnt B wlth A I to
ImmerseI ~ ~ x ; ~ I ' ~ w : ~ s I
have a great effecton sth sothat IF cannot be for-

Im'rnersesmurself in nthto -e, or to gotten,chmgd,&: Themnewas imprinted on
mnke sb become, completely involved in 9th:He my mind. o Thepicturew imprinted wrthhis own
immersed h i m v in his shrdles,o 1 was cum-
plrfr!y ~rmmersedin thestoyy. style. 2 to printor pressa mark or design on sth:

T-shirtsimprmted with the logos of sports Iwm

....I.m..,..p...r..o...v....e,...........................................................................I. ..........................................~ Imn

-Imprint sth W-th 8th is ofIenused ~InfrIngermluponBthcanbeu&inthe pm 2 to take action to prevent st% unpleasant Invest s b t d with sth is often uwd in the
passive. passive.
+in the passlve. happening: This is fo insureogoimt a remtisron
v +nlpron+prep e' V + P ~ of prezliousdigagtem. Q v +nlpron+ prep

improve/rmspncv/ Infuse/rnall:r/ +V+PW

Im'proweon sth ( a hIlm'prorra upDn sth morp In'fuseA into 13.;In'fussB wfth A (formal)to 'Interestsb In stb to persuade sb to b u d~o or in,vltesb a'longto ask sb if they would like to
form0 to achiwe or p d u c e sth of a better eat s t h Could I rnlewst you in this &l(= of go with you toan event oractivity:Shall IinuIle
standard or qualitythan sth else:Thereore ofew Irefill sblsth with a particular qual~tyH: is arriuul Dave atong(tothe#&)t
c . Sir? EE) ask sb along(lessformar)
porn& inyour work that you muld improwon. o i n f d new and energy into the ieam. oHer Q v+ nlpron+prep
mrk is fqf& with anger @v+nlpmn+adJ + v+edv+n(m)
The Kenyan girl improved on her pnuiow best E 9 imbue sth with ath Interfere/,mta%@r)A;M , m t a m j
performance (= in a race). In,vite sb a'mund = rNwm SB
W Improve onhrpon 8th can be used in the Q v +ntpmn+ prep intetfere with sb (BrO to touch a child in a
passive: ThesemsulAr must k imploved ugon sexual way OVHR~ROUND
,Ink sth 'in(Brmto write or draw in ink over sth Interfere with ~b can lw used in the
QV + P ~ P In,vitesb 'back(to8th)(especiallyBrmtoask sb
that has b e e n w r i t t e n o r ~ i n p e n c W I d ~ t h e passive. to go back to your homeafter you have been out
impute/rmpju+t/ @I3SlueRin penn'lfirsf and then inked them In. o wmewhere together She inuited me back to her
Vigumtlve) The cornparry has inked in June Is1 ev +prep m t f o r coflmo$ter the movie.
Im'pute sth to S M h Vontull) to sm d e n (= made it definite)for the hunch.
(Qv+nlpmn+adv 4 v+adv+n InterTemd h sth 1to get inthe way of sth;to E9ask sb back (to nth); haw sb twckIhth
unfairk that s M h is responsiblefor sth,or has prevent sth from beingdone or making progress:
inquire/m'ha~a(r)/ w n ' t let anylhlng in&rfeferewi#hyour fmlning.o +lessforman
a particular quality: Why do you Impute $e@1b Wedon't wont lo interrere wSth your p k m . 2 to v * nlpron+adv + v +a&+ n Ehsfrequenfl
touch,adjust or change sth without permission,
rnotilleslo her? and damage it: Who's h e n iniqfering with the In,vlta sb 'Int'upto politely ask sb to enter a
cImk?p 3 tamper wlth ath 3if sth interfern room, your house,etc: Aren'tyou going to invite
& v +n t p m +prep with radio or sound waves, etc., it stops them
being heard easily or clearly The wmputer fs me infir emffei??
Inwuulre after sbMR (especially An@) = intmfwing with theradio.
Interfere wfth sth canbeused inthepas- +I.YH)ask sb ilnwp(lessformafi
EhOUIRE AFTER SdSTH slve. Theevidencehas hen kt&md with.
QV+PW v +nlpron+ adv + v+ &* n~ h J % q w n l )
ln'cline bonowareh 9th; In'cHns sb in'quire Into d h (especially AmEj = ENQUIRE
Inure /~.tljwr~)r:nE~'njur/ In,vltearb ' o d toask sb togoout withyou,esp
to/towerrl~sth Iformoo to tend to think or INTO STH ciaUy asa way of beginningamanticrehtion-
behave in a particular way;to rnakesbdo thk: I i'nure shrylDurseA to d h to make sblsth get shlp. We've ken muitmi out for dinner this
incitnetothe uiew thnl w shouldtukenoaction.o In'qlJin ~ t Ohf ~b(@I@ Am@ =ENQUIRE usedto sth unpleasant $0that theyare no longer
strongly afFected b y ik The prisoners puickly evening o He ewntunlIy found the muroge lo
Her loveof tawtmges I n c i M her iowurdsacar- STH OF $5 inuiteJull0out.
+b m e Inured lo the harshcunditions,
+e e r tr~branslato~ insinuate ~rn'smjuertj v + rdpron +prep IE9 ask ab out ( h s ~ % r m u ~
v + prep + v + rdpmn+prep
In,slnuateyourmlf 'Into sth ybrmul, d h p 6v +nlpmn+adv + v *edv +nl [ p s s h u e n i )
indulge~ r n ' ~ & /
proving) to get yourself into a position of advan- in,vlta sb 'webround (BrEj(AmE, l n W sb

In'dulge In 8th Ito allow youpself to haveor do tage, especially by clever talk or by gaining the a'ruwnd) to ask sb to come and visit you in your
sth that you like,oftensththatis bad for you: She favour or mpct of sb important:She ckwdy
indulged in the luxury of a IoRg bath. o He now home:I'w invited afiwpiends round to watch
has time lo indulgeinhisfavourSte hoblyrphotog. +inrinua&d herself into hhfamilv.
v +pmn+prep the game with us on TlC o We ought 50 invite the

ruphy. o I'mgorng 60indulge in a chmkle mke! insist/ n u s ~ s t / new netghboursoverfor coffm.
2 to takepart inan activity,especially 5thbad or E D ask sb overtround(Iessfmnafl

6 v+ nlpmn+adv

illegal: We shouldn't indulge in speculetion as so In'slst on sth; In'slst on dolng sth ( a h In,vlteSb 'Up= INVITE SB I N h P

what m l l y happened In'slstupDn ath, In'slstupondolng 8ihmomfor- ,Invalfdsb 'out;,lnvalldsb ' o d of sth (Brm
to make sb leave a job, especially in the armed
E S i l Indulge In 9th canbe used in the passive: ma!)todemand sthand refuseto be persuaded to forces, because they are ilyslck or hured: He
It 'F a luxury that can only h M u @ d infrom accept anything else: They are Inststing on a was invalided out of the army bemuw of his
trme lo time. 1IIjurias. In'wrlvesb In sth to make sb experience or do
metrng lomorrora o I aZwuys im'st on skimmed =Invalid eb out is usually used in the sth, especially sth unpleasant: The new exanas
h a w involved When in a lot of enhn paper-
Q v + prep milk. o HeimistedonwaIkinghomewrlh hm passive. work
& v +nlprwn+prep
Insist onhpon sth crtn be used in the pas- @ v*nlpron+adv v+adv+n +
iron~mn:AmE'arant/
SI%C: Thisformat m w t be rnswled on. v +W p m +adv+ prep

in'formon sbto giveevidenceabout sbormdxe QV+PWP In-st In &h( W r m a l .o m humorow)to buy ,iron sth 'out 1to remove the folds that yw do
an amsation agalnst sb,to the police .or sb in not want from clothes,etc. by using a tool with a
authority:Oneof thegang informed on the he.$, In'slst on doling sth ( a hIn'rlrt upon rklng sth or spend money on sinthvetstehd in,easnwewi dslqyks-th flat metal base that canbe heated (aniron):Iron
ath nwre forman to m t i n u e doing sth wen expensive: It's time we
~V+P~P though other people And it annoying: She will out alI the m s . EZ!Ei reeler 2 to get rid of
insis on shouting at the top of her wm. any problems or difficulties that are afkting
infringe/ m ' m / sth: We musl imn out the p m b h Wore next
ev+pr.sp
week.EE4 dWffeuItlss, problems EB rwolve
In'frlnge on sth ( a hIn'fdngs upon tttb t h m insure/ r n n S ~-r8f~a:.cr):A ~ E : J W / thtsonersJhlIing to bits.
JormO ta limit sb's M o m , rights, etc The sth ( m n rf~ormal)
medm is mwed of infringing on people's priu- In'sureagainst 8th to buy an insurance pol- &V+P~P Qv+adv+n 4 v+pron+adu + v+n+adw(mm)
icy which WIUpay you money if the went men-
my. tloned happens:Ewryone nee& loinsureagainst In'mrtsb/sth with sth0ta make sWgth
nnrm to have a particular quality:Being theboss
m Ilbsrty,lhta tnu~slsher withmceriainglanaour

'Issuefrom sth @mnuOto come,go or flow out jab IWI (-bw J- 8th 'up(wlth s?hl(Worm01to make 6th
of sth or somewhere: I mukt see smoke Lpsulng more lively or ~nterestingJ: au up t h : plain
'jab at smth (wlth 8th) to push a sharp ar d m with some jewllery. EEK) Ikon sth up;
+from the wfndow. pointed object quicklq.or roughly into sblsth or sploe sM up (momfirmnfl2to makea plece of
v + prep in the direction of sblsth: He kepijabbingal the music sound more modern, or more like jazz or
popular music:jrmed up&&
itchI ~ S ! paper cup with h b penclf. o She labbed a: the
p a w with herfinger @v+adv+n *v+nlpmn+sdv
'Itch for sth (usually UrvBd in the p ~ ~ ~ s i w Q v + prep
lenses) to want 6th very much: They w mjust
Jabbera ' w a y ( i m m f ito s m k or talkquickly
I tchingfor afight. in an excited way: Shejabbered mu&):wing lo
EB3 a ngM, a chance d k m his umntion,o He wasjabbering away

Itch to do sth can a h be used with the InRussinn.
same meaning He masi t d i n g loflndout mom.
OV+P'BP +v+adv

jerk sb a'rwnd (iflorma[, esperially A m to
treat sb badly and cause them problems, e s p

cially by deceiving them: He won't giw 11s an

answer -he keepsjerkmnguswound.

jack l@kl EBB mesa sb abutlaround (BE)
+v+dpmn+adv + v+adv+n
Jack sth 'In (BrE, iirlformcroto stop doing sth,
especially yourjob:Shedecided lOjack in herjob. Jerk 'off (SrE, A,slung) U a man jerks m,he
o m s u c h a bad day JfeeIlikeJnckfngit all in.
E 3 J job E% chuck sth Inlup;pack sth In gives himself sexual pleasure by rubbing his

+sexual organs
v+adv

Jack sth In can not ibeusedin the passive.
Qv+adv+n + v+nlpron+adv

Jack 'off( d m ,A,stong) If a manfacks off he Jet 'off(tu...I tD fly somewhere,espedallysome

gives humself sexual pleasure by rubbing his where far away: Tky're Jetting ofl lo Florida

sexualorgans ZOmmm

&v+adv +v+adv

Jack 'up(slnng) totake an Wegal drug by putting
it Into your body using a plastic or glass tube

with a long hollowneedlelasyringe) 'jibe wlth sth @mEj to agreewith sth;to be the

+v+adv same as sth or match sth: Her story dfdn't jibe

jmck 8th 'up 1to lift sthsuchasa vehicleoff the wrlhthe witrzm&oa*lunr

groundusinga spxiaI dwioe(ajack) ESI Ear 2 Q V + P ~ P
(iqformal)to increasethe cost or the price of sth:

The w h l m I e r s h u e jacked up their p r w . EEZi

coat, price put sth up;increase s2hlmore 'jockeyfwsthtotrywry hardtogainanadvan-
tage, a favour, etc for yourself and stop other
form0 people gettingit:Swmlrmployees arejockqing

+v+adv.tn + v+n/prm+adv

for the mnager'sposition

- -lZE3 wsltlon. mwnr

.lam 8th 'Onif mulaman the brakeson a vehicle Q v +o. re.0

youoperateth;m~~ddenlyand wirhforce:~child
ran rnlo t h e d and Ijammedon the brakes. ~- O-Z/d)pg;ArnEdgmg/ (-gg-)

-EEJ only the brakes, the hmndbmke ,awu, slam jog a'long( B E , Wwmn~tocontinueina steady
nay, with little or noexcltement or p r o m s :Ebr
nth on yeurs tke businessjust keptjoggingalom.
@ v+adv+n v+ntpron+adv
Wrn 'up;Jamd h 'up(wlth ah)((e~pecint&BrE) .a)v+adv
If a machine, a m d , etc jams up,or sthjams it

up, it bewmes blocked, stops working, etc: Let's ---al-ain0/r-~-.-m--m, / 'In Sth to we
art moving Wore the tr@c jams up.0 People
~rwrjeamming up the o k h m Lhelr m h taget tout 'fn(with swsth),
nf the fhmtre.o Thar photocopier is always gar-
'nmved in to part inan activitywith
lin-n../am& nu
other pmple: CQn Ijoin in (tRs g m ) ? o We ail
d)v+adv v+ady+n + v + p m + & +
joined in wzththesinging.
v + n +adu( [ e s s f w w n t )
D partlclpate{In 5th)(morefirmtrO

+v+adv 4 v+prep

join 'up 1(wm WSM) to meet or wmbine with l ~ m b l e ~ d m b l l

sWsth to do sthtogether: Theyjoined up with the jumble sth 'uph'getherto mix things up ina keelmiw ,kwp sb 'back1 (BrEj =KEEP SB IN 1I m k e p t
rest cf theparfy later 2 to become a memkr of
confused way: Make s u r e y ~ udon'tjumbk letmy.
the armed forces: We Lathjoined up ln 1939. thing up. 0 The defailsof the &ent were al[
enflst (momforrml)
jumbIerltagelher in hlsmind.
+v+adv backafterdmIforh?ing&eky. 2(AmE)=KEEP
Bmlx sth up
Join 'up:Joln 8th 'up( ~ ~ IBfFI)toybe con- ,keel 'wer 1(inform0to fall over:I'm w ti& SB DOWN 1
nectedto sth;to connect sth to sth: Thedolsjoin Jumble sth urngether i s often used in all I want toda Is keel over and s k p for a week.
thp passive:All herpapershod beenjumbled up. collapw 2 (of a boat) to turn on Its side: ,keepsblsth 'back(fmmsbltth) to make sWsth
upt o f o 1 . o Join up ihedots to seethe ev+nlprm+adv v+adv+n The boat keelad over in the $strong winds. E B remain at a distance from sblsth;to p m t sb
prcture. from moving forwards: Keep the chl[dren buck
capalze fmm thefire. o Thepol- weretrying to kmp h c k
F5connect (ah)(mornformar). thecrDurdsurds
Q vtadv
@v+adv 4 v+adv+ n v+nlpmn+edv
=JUMP ON $8 Qv+nlpmn+& 4 v+a&+n
b Jolned'upadl [usuallyhfore noun] (espffially lump at sb
keep/kip/ (keptkeptFeptl) ,keepath 'back1(especiallygrE)to keep a part
BrE) things that arejoined up are connected or 'jump at sth to ampt an opportunity, achance, of sth to use Eater:Have you kept mme money

linked together joined-up witingo (figurative) etc with enthusiasm: Ijumpedat the chanceof a -afkr back to p y the bilk?oh k p a piece 4f cake back

joined-up fhinkin~o(fe~umtiveFthe govern- trip lo Italv. -ahead. aheadof -trim
-oft
ment'sjocned-up poiicy on health mre EEl chance,ldsa IEB hap at sth
-at -on fordkc. 2 (fmm sbtsth)to refuse to ten sb sth; to
'binwlth sb(insthAndolngslhth)Crom~todoor Q V + P ~ ~ P
"a V 157 -out,wtof hold sth back. Ih sure she's keeping something
saysthwithsbelseor with a groupd people: I?n jump 'In1(dth ah)to interrupta commation: -to b a c k m m rrsl mmethlng, anything, noth-
--back
sure you'll j o ~ nwith me m congmtulalzng Isia l jumped In while them ms a br&f p o w in the behand -togetm ing withdd sM (moreformal) 3to try not
-down -under to let other people see or know how you feel: He
and Jake. o Parents joined with teuchers to p m mnwrsntion. 2 to become involved in a situation 158 -from -UP
158 - u p M could hnrdly keep h k the rmrs. team IEQ
lasr~a~nsltheclosumot hf x h w l . suddenly or quickly: She had jumptd in to h i p -in
holdsth back
Q V+PW whlla he was ill

+v+adu Q 1,2v+nlpmn+adv e v+edv+n
3v+adv+n v+n@tm+adv
lump on nb(dmEaLro'Jumpatsb)(irsformal)to *,kwplaBersbgbautahlto&sth)(AmE)toask
critlcm sb sharply: Shejrunped on me Wore I
Machancetoaplain. or tell sb repeatedly to do sth: SheWpssftar ma
,keepsb ba'hlnd@mE)l=KEEP SB TN1
Jolly sb a'long(BrE, i~&rmnl)to keep enmr- (~V+PMP to& the TV
aging sb in a friendly way:She tried tojolfyhlm
alow bui he muIdn'lforgelhrsproblams. Jump 'out at sb to; be very easy to see; to be + s e e a l s o ~ OsN~2~ ,keep 'downto hide yourselfby not standingup
noticeable: Theheudlinejwnpd out a t m . o 7% straight.Keepdown!hn'tMonyMy seeyou.
ev+nlpm+adv mrstokesaresoobuious they~umpoutal you. ev + prep

jolly s h t h 'up (BrE) to make sWsth brighter +EE)leapout at sb ;keep a'hsad;,keepa'head of sbtsthtomn- ZEE) stay down
or more cheerful: W yw think you can jolly v+ adv +prep
Anthony up a brt? tinue to be more advanced or sumsful than @ v+adv
EEO chwr sblsth up;IkonaWsth up Jump 'up to stand quickly and suddenly when
you havc h e n sitting:Hejumped up off t h e j h r other pwple, groups,etc: We wed lo keep a M ,keepsb 'down1(BrE)(Amt,kwpsb 'backlto
Qv+n/pron+adv + v+adv+n af ourcompetitom og y o u want lokeepahmd zn make a studentrepeat a year at schwl, college,
leap up
'jostlefor sthto competestronglyandforcefully Q v+adv this industry,you huwbbemthless. etc. because of poor markslgwdes: I uxrs kegd
with other people for 8th:A@opIt?In the md down bemuse IfaLrPd the exam. 2 to control a
werejostlingfor thebestpositions. t Jumped-upadJ [onlybeforenoun](BrE,idor- EFT) stay ahead,stay ahead of sblstk people,a nation, etc. so that they have no power
mnl, dkapprouing) thinking that you are more
'e V + P ~ ~ P Qv+a& + v+adv+prep
Important than you really are, particularly
J o t [asat;~ d d g a t l when you have risen in social status but do not ,keep 'at sth; ,keep sb ' A9th to continue to or M o m : Thepeople haw $een kept damnfor
deserve to: I won? lake ordenfrom ajumped-up
olficegirl! e lworkhard at sth.or to make sb work h a d at sth, yeurs bya brutalregime. repreus sb

particularly sth which isdimcult ortakesa long v+dpmnn+adv

tlme: Keep at if,you'w11wrlyfinish&! o He kept Xv+nIpmn+adv r v+adv+n

fhematlhejobwlilitmfinLrhed ,keep sth 'down7 to make sth remainat a low
@ v+prep r v+nlpmn+prep level;to avoid mcreapingsth: We'retrying lokeep

,keep a'way (from ubisth) to not go near sblsth: cost3 down. o He exercisesa lot f8 l o p his w&ht
Keep away from me!o The police told us to keep down. o Keep your worn down?oKeep ft down

Jot sth 'downto write8th down quickly:I'lljot uwll awayfrom the area. (= the noise)! I'm trylng to mncentrale. E!E
d o w n r h e i r a d d I r e s s ~ r a I f w g eit.
SE)note sth down jut 'out{from ah), Jut 'OM d ~ t tho stand Out Hay away {horn sblsth) costa, prlmu,Wee, mlseDE) hold sth down

&v+a&+n 4 v+nlpmn+adv from st& to stickout furtherthan the surround- @ v +a.dv 2 to manage to keep fwd or drink In your stom-

juice l a ~ s t ing surface: Thebpsof the- h w sjutted ;keep sbmth a'way (from sblnth) to prwent ach and avoid bringing it back through the
sbEsth from going near sblsth: f i p him aumy mouth: He mnY kmp anything down. IBIfcmd
Jufee sth 'upW ,sZang) 1to make sth more outof iheluat.?~ porn the Rlrchen while wemukehis birthday mke.
lively, exciting or interesting: J u h up yourpm o We l u r e d o f the lights lo k p the maspultoes EE)held nth down 3 to not raise a par! of your
sentntlons withmloutfuigmphics. IB!D J- ath IE!El stlck wt.stkk out d sth atmy o Her parents ore keeping her a w y from
up (inform0 2 to make sth more powerful: I schoolfor afew days. o l&umtrw)A hwllhy diet body: Keep your head dawn!o She kept her e w
could juice up the engtnefor you. soup sth @v+adv 4 r+adv*prep m n help to keep cokismdflu away damnw h i l he was talking. eyes,bead,hce
up3to put pemlinavehicle: Weneedlolumup
thecar beforeme leave. B E car fill sth up @v+nlpmn+adv v+al+n(lessfhqumt) In meanings 2 and 3, keep sth down can
not kused in the passive.
Qv+a&+n v+nlpmn+adv ,keep'back(from Wsth)to remainat a distance
from sblsth: Keep ba% or I'll shoot!4I kept 6 1,2v+nlpron+adv4 v+adv+n
Ixrckfrorn themad.
3v +nlpron+a&

kemp(get your 'head chw~ta avoid amact-
ing attent~on

.........156r.........h..... ~........................."..-... 7...........................,...,.. ~...........-.?

'keepfrom dolng 5th:'keepyournelf frvm ,kWp 'off; ,keep 'oft slh to not go onto a par- 'keep sth on sblsth if you keep your mind, 'keepto mth;*keepsth to nth to useonlyone
thing or a limited number or amount of sth;to
ondolng sth to prevent yourself from doing sth: ticular area: Xeep ofl (thegram)?o We kepl eyes, etc. on sblsth, you fk your attention on
She bll her lip lok ~ p f r o mlaughing. themlit. I can't keep my mind on my work. o She make sure that the number or amount of sth
Q v + prep + v + pmn +prep the main roadstoavoid them. kepF r m e ~ oinhetrqf3icandthtotheronthemap. doesn't become any bigger than a particular
size: We'uedm& to keep lopale mbursfor the
mgram E E I mlnd,awntion, e p

'kwp sbfmm sth;%keepsbfrom dolng sth Qv*adv 4 v+prep

to prevent sb from doing sth: IlonY Iel me keep ,keep'aff sth:,keep sb 'off sth Ito not eat. +v+nlpron+prep bedmom o f 'm hying to keep Ihe n m b m of

you from your work. o I'w ken trying to keep drlnk or smoke sth; to not let sb eat, drink or +kwpeepgneponrblrth(ilbfwmn~towatchor guests & a minimum.
hlmfromfinding out the truth. o Her pride kept smoke sth: The doctor's told me to M p off rPd check sWsth to make sure that they are safe,etc.; v + prep 4 v + nlpron+prep

herfromw i n g irtmnl of them. m r . 2 tonot mention a particdar topic:to stop to look after sblsth: WilEyou keep on eye on the ,keep ath to youVsslfto not tell anyone about
& v + nlpmn + prep sb talking about a particular topic:It's M r to babyforfivernrnules
8th or what you th~nkabout sth: I know who's
'keepsth from abtoavoid telling sb5th: f think k ~ e poff the subject qF pItiics with myfadher o
he's keeping secrelsmm m.oAre you keeping Keep heror thesubjectof teewegirls! EBl sub- ,keep 'out; ,keep 'outof 8th to not enter a won. but Ihr kwping it 0 mywwo Kmp your

place;to remalnoutside:Therem asign=- opintons toyowself ~nfutureo! (figumtiue)Keep
'Ktep our!'.o P i m keep out of the om while your handstoyourself!(=do not touchme)
somethmnf from us? led,topic

secrets, something rSYH)m~msth I'm mrking. EEi opknlans

Q v + nlpmn +prep @v+prep. v+nlpron+pmp @v+adv 4 v*adv+prep (3v + nlpron +prep+pmn

,keep 'in(BrE)to stay near the edge of themad or ,keep s k s t h 'off:,keepsbrsth 'off s h t h to ,keep "ut of sth; ,keep sb 'out of sth 1 to ,keep torgether,keep rblsth to'wther to
stop sWsth from taming near or going inta (a remain together in a group; to make sWsth do
path whlle you are driving, walking,etc: you plate);to stop sblsth from touching or harming avoid sth; to prevent sblyourself from being this:Keep t o ~ e t h kqids, when w e m s theroad. o
keepin,the vnnmnwemken Useopaprclip m keepyourpupem together
sblsth:He covered tkhesandwrchesm keep thepies affeded b y sth:Thedoctor hasadvised me lo k e p
v+edv out of the sun. o Theyalmyskept theirdaughter
offoKwp ynur animals off my Inntd' o Working
,keepsb 'InEesmiaUyBrEjl( B r E a h , k msb helm keep my mind oMmypro&m. o Ikepl the out of the spotlight (= away from the publlc). o I +v+a&v +v+nlpmn+adv+v+adv+n(less
'back) ( A da h ,kesp ab be'hlnd) to make a
child stayafternormal schoolhours as a punish- childrenofl(schw0until theyfill better hy to keep out of his way IGIthe sun, slght, fwueno

PQRles, hands,mind, eyes sb'dthe way 2 to avoid becoming involved in ,keep sb 'under(Brmto contml sb: The low1
sth; to stop sb thin becom~nginvolved in sth: people arekept under by thearmy.
ment:Thelencher kept them all m o ~ s c h o o l 2 v+nfpmn* adv 4 v + nlpron+prep Keepout of shk! It'sgotnuthinglodo withhyou!~
to not allow a child to go outdoors: I'm keeping +Try tokeep the kidsout of mischkf whileI'mout. ~ppressb (moreform0
the children in h u s e it's mining outside. 3 to ,keepb n I(also, b p 'ondoing5th)tooontinue +v* adv + prep + v * nlpmn + adv + prep
keep sb in hwpital:She's much betm but they're dolng what you were doing, behaving in a m- v +nlpmn +a&
tam way etc., without stopping: He'll get into
troubk V he keeps on like ihislo Keep on wing ,keep 'up 1a rain, snow, etc.keeps up+lt mn-
+keepingher in ouernight. ,keep8th 'outto notput sth away that you have tlnues without stopping. The min kept up all
v +nlpron+ adv taken ant of a cupbod, etc.;to k e p sth readyto @ernDon. 2 (with sblslh) to m w e at the same
-don't giue up! Q Therain kepton ( = continued use:Keep the butteroutf u r breakfast. rate or s p x d as sblsth. I had b run to h p up
,keep s t h Vn 1 to stop yourself expressing an
emotion:He wuki hardly kwp Inhls a m IEB tofall) all night. E B carry on (with 8th). carry put ath away w ~ t him. EEB lafl behld,taII behlnd sblsth 3
restrain sth 2 to not allow sth to escape, be lost to work at the necessary speed sa that you pro-
or takenout:C k i h r d m r f o kmp in themrmth. ondolng sth2(at sb)(about skleth)(BrFJ)tocon- Q v+ nlpmn+adv v+adv+n(hIwrwntj
o She wunted to cut the sex scene I= in a play or
tinue to talkabut sblsth in a borlngor annoying ,keepsbMh 'out:,keepsblsth 'wtof sth to gress at the same speed as other pwple: She's
fllm/movie),but we kept it in. ESl wrmth,h a
way Don't keep on labout it)!oMy mum keepson prevent sblsth from enteringa place: We hung a having trouble keeprng up mi* the rest of the
c u m i n ot the door to k w p out the mld. o @gum- c b s , o L)o keep up! 1can't k p mpmtlng every-
at m i o c u l my huil: go MI (aboutsblsth)+

3 to not allowan animal to go outdrxlrs S W a h K E E P AFTER S R (ABOUTS T H h O DO STH) ttve)She tried tokeep theangerout of her MW. thing.4 (with sth) to rise at the same rate as sth
Qv+nlpron+adv a v+adu+n
& v+a& hr alsov* adv * -ing +v+rdpmn+adv + v + a & + n r else:Solrrriesare not keeping up with inji'athn.5
v +nlpron+adv +prep (with sth)to do all the wo* necessaryin order to
kaep your 'hand In to do an activity ooca- ,keep 'on;k,eep 'on nth td continue to follow a finish on time or deal successfully with a situ-
sionally so that you do not lnseyour skillat it:I particular route: Keep on until you corn to the 'keep to sth 1to not leave a path, a mad, etc: at ion that changesrapidly:We'refirtding It Aord
play squnrhfom time to H m ,just lo keep my &. 0Keep on thepath unlzlyou seeag a p to keep up with demand.o Thinm were happn-
@v+adv + v+prep Keep to thefoolpath.o Keep to IheL$tfl(=on a m d , Ing mofast to k w p up with.
hand ~n
etc.). path2toMkor writeon1yaboutapar- @v+adv
'keep sbmurself In ath(informa0 to dve or ,keep sb 'on to continue to employ sb, wen ticular subject. K#p lo the mint!o Will you
allow sWyoumeIf a regular supply of sth: This though circumstances have changed: We am please keep ro the subjecl under dwwsiun?EEi ,keep sb 'up to prevent sb from going to bed or
onlyfiordtokeepofern mrkwson. subJect,polnt5 tofollowaplan,anagreement,a
pn-limejob keepsme incigawtes.
~ v + n / m + a r h*rv + a d v + n ( I p s s ~ u e n t )
+v + nlpron + prep
-tage for yourself: He keeps in with anyone loho on in M.o Keep the l f d on luhile the lea is brew- rule,etc, exactly as you are expectedto do, or as from sleeping:l hope we're noth p i n g p u np. o

,keep11nwith sb@r@towntinue tobefkiendly ,keep ath 'on 1 to continue to wear 6th:to not you have prom& to do: She hasn't kepr lo the Theh b y kept us up hbfthenight.
with sb, especially in order to g a h someadvan- take st h ofF:It ~unsso cold t h l wekept o w sacks agreement,so neitherwill I, o Wemust keep to the
Q v+ nlpmn * adv

might hw f u I tohim ing: take ath off 2 to not switch sthoft Do schedule. o He mver keeps to the speed limil. E X # ,keeps t h 'upt to continuesth at the same,usu-
rulw,a@laarnentw, hsduk EEQ adhere tosth ally high, level: to continue to practise or

Qv+adv+prep you keep the heuthg on all &? lea- 8th CmTormsatO4& to nh observe sth: Keep up the g d w r k ? oYou're
on I% M e h sth off 3 to stop sth coming or doinga greatjob!Keep it up! o Wekept up am
,keep 'off (espedally BrE3 if rain, snow,etc. Keep to s t h mbeused inthe passive: Was pace alI the loqx o We're having dmcuirlty keep
keepsoff,it d o e notfall,eventhoughit looksas falling OWHow doyou kwp thot h n a b g e o n ' d t
i f it might:TheptrrSy willgo aherrdprovided the continue to rent or be the owner of a house, '+?heagendakept toat themeeting? mg up our mortgage poymenls, o The pms is
rain keepsog
EE)hold off flauapartment,etc: Con yw amrd to keep this 6 PEP keepiw up lhepressure on t h e g m n m n l .o Do
p h on whikyou'mabxaadP
&v+a&v ,keep ta youtseR ,keep youfsnlf to you still k@p up your Portwume?EEl It, psee,
v +nlpron + adv s v+ adv + n( k ~ u e n f )
keep your 'blr an (BrE, . s p o k h , ir&rnaal) youfsetf to avoid meeting people sucialIy or pressurn,tradltion 2 to prevent sth fromfalling
hecoming involved in other people's affairs: He down: You'lEhaveto -a bell lo keep your fmu-
used to tell sb not to becomeangry
keeps (himsea.tah i m w andnobodyknows sers up. E!El tmuserdpants hold stit up

much about him.

&v+prep+pmn+ v+pmn+pmp*pmn

3 to make sthstay at a high level:High tmnspoH kick., r k .r ~ m,k~cks m b h dIn ( i~l d o r~~ nto kick kldtludl(d*)

m i s are &pingfoDd ~rrricesup o Thqr sang ,kick a'bovt: ,kick a u k i tsth @rEj = K ~ C K sb very violently ,klda'round(ilafomZ, especiaJlyAmE)b behave
Feespl,h,
mngs 60 kmp h i r spkils ,kick 'off 1when a footballgame ot team Hcu diiyway;tojoke:A btof whatlsoid M I ~ W
kkrrldingam&, butpeaplemk mewiousIy.
stPenath, morale 4 to keen a house ear- AROU""D'KICKAROUNDSTH off,the gamestarts: T h e m k i c k s o f fat 7.37.2 ,svr,mess around
d e w & , etc. m good rnndi&n by s & n & g ,kicksb albout(BrD=KICK SB AROUND
(with sth) (in$ormal) to start: The tour kicks M &v+a#v
money on it or warkrng hard on it: The h o w is .kick ~ t ah'boutlBrm=KICK STH AROl.lND-
h o m i n g #oaapepensruefor them 60 k m p up E ? G ,kick a'round; ,kick a'round sth (BrE uJso +walha concert in Notfinghum. kill
malntain nth v+adv
.kick a'borrt,,klek a'- sth)(iny+rmaO (ma-
*Ql v+nlpron+edv v+adv+n aIly wed an the pmp-essiw t e r n ) to be Present c 'kick-offn [Cl[Ujthe start of a fDotbalPgame:

keep up ap'pearams to hfde the true situ- U s' an a j W mkick-ofl ~MmPurmlto ,kill sboth 'Off9 tomakealdtof ~lants,animds.
,m
ation and pretend that things are better than or lying somewhere not b e i i ~used: His Celter Lp Flck sb baf: eac. die: A~frbw#icsshouki kill o r the bactzri~0,
they arc: Th~w'sno point keeping up appear-
kickfng @bout somewhme.o The idea has k e n break theconnection -sb'smmputer and Theplant life was kllledoff by alrpolhtfon.3to
ances when ewryone knows we've Ios2 all o w kicking aroundfor yecrrs. 2 (of a person) to be
mow keep your 'chln upf (smken,Worman somewhere, or to go Trum one place to another, the Internet, so that they can no longer use the get of sblsth;to sth: The hm si

used to tell sb to remain cheerful m dimcultck- with no particular purpose: f decided to kick Internet: I keep Mtiw kicked off the f~~~ .in- . - .--.- , m is dimcult to off ofl old
around the Statesfora couple$ month. for no m n . ti o nosr is onen
t~t myths. m1&1 sWsth
BEItka Internet,wrver,\rsb@he dl- in the
cumstances EE) knock around,knock amund sth
t 'upk-p n IUl1themstorprowssof keepinga neet sb Iframsth) &v+adv+n + ~ + ~ r o n + s dcvv+n+;ldu(m)
building, piece of land, etc. h good condition: +v+adv v+prep
Who k resmnsiblefor the dny-today upkeep of Thesephrasalverbsareusually wedh the
the house?2the mst or pmcess of giving a child ,klck sb a'round (BrE also ,kick ab .'bout)
or an animal thethingsthat they need (anfirmat)to treat sb in a harsh or unfair way: passlve. k'lpl k r ~(t-pp)
WnY ktthe boss kickywuwotrrrd.
,keep 'up wlth sb to continue t~ be in contact 9v +nlpron+a& + v+ nlpmn+prep
& v +nlpmn+adv
with sb by writing, phaningorseeingthem regu- ,k(kiwclktrhsacthohf)~ft'oohkefrfegs.Iintoahmraeemedotivlnrergy,8adtnhouebrvynenoktni,ctektkcin:hWgeShboh2'esed,.kdiipsonw' ondtfoyrmouWr oEw,nMbredm: aIsl )tthoesrel eaenpyhwahperlemtot hkaitp
,kick sth a'mund @rE also , k ~ c nk h a'bout) I
nigh*p

larly:Hourmnyof youroldschoolfriendsdoyou to play with a ball by kicking it with your foot: mrwto ktckoff thediscussion? (4v+adV
mom@tokeepup with? They were kickinga ballaround in thestreet. BZi
,kick 'out(atWsth) 1to kick your foot into the "'-I "'*'
@ v+ adv +prep ball 2 (inform0 to discussplans, ideas, etc. in
an informalway: They 'rek~kingaroundthe fdm air to try to hlt sb,especially hemuse you are ,kisssth ~ w t stoopsbfeelingsador- by
,keep 'up with sth t to learn about the news, of a m e w Idea EE)discuss 8th Imre
events, etc. that are happening: I fry 0 keep up forma0 angryor up&: Shekickedouf wildlyat himashe kissing them: Letmummy k i s s a m y y o w laars.
wilh current amim o Susie l l a 60 kmp up with EB knwk sth around E E teara,worrles
the Inlestfashions. 2 to mntinue to pay or do sth tried ~ g m hher2toreactv~olentlytosbhththat
regularly: He couldn't kwp w with the repay- Qv+nlpmn+adu + v+adv+n makesYOU angry orupset: Shekrckadoutogoimt @ v 4 adv +n * v +pmn + adv v + n+ adv (mj
mentson the Im.o Areyou keeping up withyour
'klck against sth to protest about sth or resist tmdttdnal .&as aboutpaintlngporlrotts.~. ,kiss "p tosrb UmE,inforrrm0if you kissup to

ev+adv sb inauthorit5you try t o p l e t~hem in order t0

homework? 5th:It k no lrse kickIngopainst the system. ,kick sb 'auk,kicksb 'out of sth ( i d o m r )to galn nn advantagefor youmU

&v+adv+prep 6V + P ~ ~ P make sb leave;to send sb away by force:Hispar- suck upto sb

,klck 'back MmE, ~ r m lto)relax:I spent fhe ents k W him out (= made Kim leave home) Q v +adv +prep
euening kzcktng k k in theRotelrspiumbal:
key,kt1 when Re rwsseventeen. o They werekicked out of kit lkrtt (-tt-1

,key 8th 'In:,key sth ' I n t o 8th to put informa- +v+adu the nghtdubforfighting
bwtsb out+bootnbaut drth(irlrOrmao+
tion into a mrnputet using a keybard: Key in ,klck sth 'back (to abl WmE, hformal)to pay ,kit sbMh "outgLw,ldt s M d 'up k s s f ~ u m b )
throw sb out,t h m sbout of 5th (InWlth sth) [Btm to supply sblsth with the
yourmmnal n u m h 0Ald the l n f o r m t h has money flegally in order to get some advantage
for g~ourselfCnndrrrcdom winning mnstmtion Kick sb out isoften used in the paps&. clothes equipment that they ndfor a
beenkeyed hto the computer ticular purpose:Thekidsureall kinedoutfor t h ~
j o b h d to kick b k 2 per cent of the mnrmct ~ v t n l p r o n t a d v *v+adv+n+ new rsJlWl yywc o The studio is krlled Out With
data,Infonnatim BE) mter sth Onto sth) p r m t o s l r e ~ oa
Q v+ adv+ n v + nlpron+adv v +nlprm+prep u +n/pmn+adv +prep

,key 'Into 8th1touseammputerminformation +v*adv+n r v+nlpron+adv ,klcksth 'wertomakesthfallonitssidebykick- h r n sou&eguipmnf.
stored on a oomputer:A hacker kcyd Inloa vIml ing it: SheuImost kicked the bucketow,:
database at the newsmper's o h B sccasu t 'bkkback n IAM,in~iornmorl)money that is -Kit swath out is usually used in the
sth (moref o r m 0 2 if sth keys Into sth else, it paid to sb in order to get an advanhe for your-
self E!Q knocksth wer pas5ive.
goes wellwith ~ta n d a m with it, pmducinga g v+n/pron+adv 4 v+adv+n gv+nlpmn+adv v+a&*n
,kick stb 'down to break sth and make it fall
good result: remedies that key into the body's ,kick 'up if a wind, a storm, etc. kicks up. it kneel{niw(lmen+kn& /neltj.RmEaIso
inwards by kickingit: U YOU don't open UJJ, we'll bwomes stronser

ebasic ?nembolism kick thedoordown. -bnly wlnd:~tom kneeled, k n & ~ l d )
l3E4 door
v* prep Qv+adv ,kneel 'downto get intoa position where one ar
*&v+dpmn+adv v+adv+n
'key Sth to sthbb to make sth sultable far ,kicksth 'uptomakedust.sand, etc.riseintothe b t h k n are~resting on the ground: He knelt
sthlsb,to make sth consistentmthsth else eto ,kick 'In ( W w M to start to work or have an air: The horse kwred up a cloud of dust.
down k i d e the &it 0 She ruasklWli7lg &WR,

lrnk sth with sth else: Theform was keyed to the effect:$,#er a couple of minutes the emergerrcy dirt,dust Ioohtngfor somelhmgon theflmr:
needsof the localpmple. o The rfmhtgof the con- eltx-trrctty supply kicked Ln. o You'll feiMiw +v+adu+n +v+pron+rtbr* v+n+adv(mmj @"+a&

cerlswas keyed to the Wwld Cupsaccergnmes. urhmtheantibwth kick In ,kick up a 'fusdstlnk etc, (abut sth) to

-Key sth to etWsb is usually used in the +v+adv cumplalnloudlyabout 8th

vassrve. .klekath 'Into breaksthandmakeit Winwards
hy kickmg it: They W k I c k e d lhepmnttibori~
6 v + dpmn +prep door

&v+nrprwr+adv v+adv+n(Eess~wnfi

knit ( 4 - 1 b 'knoebbmt odi lusuallv before noun1- E. Br-A, p ~ d o w n I o f foa m d t d y o u m a ~ g e k 7 ~ k 1 w c k e d o f l 3 ~ , s l n n g ) t o a n a k e a m ~ o f a
lhemdownfrwn f i m 3 t o f 4 W 0 7 0 He mwedto popular product to sell at a cheaper prim,often
,knlt bo'gether (Enfr ts usually &for t h e m ~cnockabouetntertameit involvespeopleact-
fewand past purticiple) when broken bones ing lna deliberately silly way,for examplefalling k n o c ~t h e p r i w d o w n e r n x m m w a illegally
overor hlttlng otherpwple,in order to make the I F ) h a t sblsth d m
knit together, they grow together again: The audience laugh Qv+a#v+n* v+nlpmn+adv
rrhsarebroken, but ihey'llknit together: m g n c r c k sb down sthandlmodt nth down b ' k n w k d n WmE, frlfom0 a copy#often
,knock aGroun&a'bwt with sb; ,knock
Knit is alsoused with the same meaning. a'roundf8'bouttogether (BrE, r@rmaR to sth can also be used: We shoukl be d i e tok m k Illegalaolf, a popularpmluctsoldatachmpr price
Q u+adv spend a lot of tlme a ~ t shb: She k k s arawrd 'm,knock sth
t h m down ofew mu?&.oHe knmked theprim ,knock 8th 'off8th 1 to

d o w n f i v e dollars. M u mthe price, value, etc.of sth:We'w k m k e d

knock~nak.4; rn~nock/ with Sohan. o She and S h u n knock amund 9v +nfpron+adv v +adv +n(lasJqrren0 DO off the price. o The shorl cui kn& about
together o He knocks a h u t wtfh some strange
--abwt ,knock 5th 'dwm Ito destroy sU1and make It hay an hour off the jourq! o That hairstyle
abwttqelher pe0p.Je1 fall down u y o u don'topen up,I'mgoingbkmk k m k s years off your uge, IEZl lop sth off,lop
-163 - ~ n S!3 hang around wlth sb, hang amund
-aWwrth in4nto the door down. o Theseold h o w aregoinglo k sth off 8th 2 to remove sth,and usually make ~t
-around -off together knocked down. ESJ house, door EEl demollsh fallto the ground,by hitting ~ tW: ho knocked that
-out, wtaf glassoff the hbk? o She k&myg- or
--around together *@v+adv+prap v+adv+ab, 5th (moreformal)2 (meb) to sell sth to the per- +v+nlpron+adv + v+adv+n + v+nlpmn*prep
arwnd wrth -162 -over miml knock ywr 'MoeWhslld off (BrE,
-back togem ,knock sb 'back 1to prevent s b h achieving son who offers most money at a publ~csale (an
-down sth Or making p r o m , especially by rejecting auction): Thepainting was knocked down to me
-UP them or sththat they suggest o r a s k He hQd ken
k m k e d back twice by the selection wmmitlee. 2 fir ESm. 3 to take sth apart, especially spoken, rnformal) usedto show that you arevery

fllrnlture, so that it can besent or carried some angrywithsb,by threateningto hit themknoekl

,knack a'bout; ,knock a'bout sth (BYE) = to surprise or shock sb: Thenews m l l y knack& where more easily blow ubb 'sack off to impreas or surprlse sb
me back
KNOCK AROUND, KNOCK AROUND STH Qv+nfpmn+adv+ v+adv+n(mm) ~v+nlpmn+adwv+adv+n vcrymuch
b 'knack-back n (BrE)an occasion when sb
,hock ~b a ' h ~(Bt rE)=KNOCK SB AROUND rejects you or sth that you suggest or ask; a b 'Lnoclr-dormprimna muchlower price than ,knock s'b 'out 1 (a& ,knock yourun 'out) to
usual. lgot thesebwksat a k w k d o w n p r i m .
,knock sth a'bout(BrE)=KNOCK STH AROUND refusal Kdon't think Imuld shnd anolherknock- make sb fall asleepor become anmnscious: The
back.
,knock a'bout wlth sb;,knock a'bout 3mahKNOCK-DOWNat KNQCK 58 DOWN b u m on the head knocked me out cold. o He

together = KNOCK AROUND/ABOUT WITH SB, ,knock sth 'In;,knack sth 'IWinto 8th 1to was k m k e d out in She seventh round.o He mn
makesth enter sth by hitting it,forexample with shnighl into a bmppost, knocking himself our 2
a hammer: Sheknncked some ~ i intko the mlL (In boxing) to hit an opponent so hard that they
KNOCK AROUND/ABOUT TOGETHER ,knmk sb 'back sth(Br&inform0to cost sb a

,knock a'round;,knock a'round sth (BrE particular amount of money: Those h k s 2to makesth go Into sth by hitting or kicking ~ t : fall to the ground and cannot get up within a

also ,knock *'bout ,knock a'bwt ath) (iflor- knocked me k k ESD.o That mr must h u e Barnes k m k e d in law goals o She R w k e d tfw limited time, so losing the fight 3 (also,knock

ma €)'i(es- l!y BrE, (oftenused m thep m g m - knockedyouback a bit! hhall into the net, goal,bmll yoursan but)to make sb very tired, ill,etc. The
siue tenses) wed to say that sWsth is In a E3 set sb back ath course mmplelely knocked m out, o She'sk m k -
Qv+nlpmn+adv* v+actv+n + v+nlpron+prep
ing herself out with all thnt ~ r k4 (.i n f o r m n to
particular place, but is not doing anything or Knock sb back sth cannot be used in the ,knock 5th 'Insth to make sth such as a hole in surprise sb very much; to have a strong erno-
6th by hitting: They knockedahokcnthewallfor
being used: These chocobtm how ken knocking passive, tRe window tional effect on sb: The movie m p n t n s l i c . It
k m k e d me out.
-around since New Yent o Has book was knockins &v+nl-m-+nr-h-r+n IEJhole @ 1,2,3v+nlpmn+adv v+a&+n(kss
around ttw h u w f o r ages. o T- were a fefe;; ,knock 8th 'back (!q%rnmaO to drink sth
kids knocking a b u t in rhe slm? outside. 2 to quickly: H e k m k d h c k twopints of kr: Qv+nfpmn+m frequent)
Wave1and live in various places: He spent am E E beer,coffee,etc. EE)Aylg +th 4v+nlpmn*&
years knocking a b u t Europe, oJ@ will know @ v+adv+n* v+n/pmn+adv ,knock 'off;,knock 'OHrrth (ityormanto stop
whatto do-he's k n d d ~ 1 h u t abit(= has trav- t 'knockoul (also ' k m k d ) a 1 a person, a
elled and had a lot of experience of riserent ,knock sb 'down1if a car or another vehicle doing sth, especially work: Whnt time do you piece of clothiig, a performance, etc. that i s
knocRofJ(work)loday? extremely attractive or Impressive:Her dough-
situations), knocks sb down, it Mts them, offen killing or
mwork #'$ an absolute knockout. 2 (in W i g ) a blow
,sm, klck amund,klck amund rth ~njurlngthem: She was knocked down by a bus Qu+adv + "+prep that ~sso hard that your opponent falls to the

+v+adv v+prep FZ5 run sb m r Knock sb down ~soften ,knock it 'oPT(spken,Ir&mml) used to tell sbto ground and cannot get up withina lfm~tedtime,
used in the passive in this meaning.2 lo hit or stop dolng 8th annoying: Knack it fl!Ihr trying so losingthe fight
,knock sb a'round( B r E o h .knoclc sb a'-) push sb so that they fall to the ground or the to concenlmle?
@v+it+ach +St@ a h KNOCKOUT at KNOCK SBlSTH OUT
(~nSornreIt)o hit sb again and again: Her hw floor: The wind WE. slmng emugh to b m k y o u
bandknacks herabout. down oHe k m k e d &tun his opwnenl in she ,knock sb 'oft(s-) 1 to murder sb: He was 'knockout dmpa n [pl.] ( h m m )mediche
first round (= In boxing).
6 v+nlpron+adv knocked off by anothergang. DB? krmp sb oPf in Iiqu~dform that makesyou sleeporfeelsleepy

,knock 9th a'round ( B ~ Ea h ,knock sth -B . F W ~ hKNOCK SB OVRR (rnJorma0 2 ( B E ,A, sbng)to havesex with sb ,knock sb~sth'out; ,knock sbisth 'out of

a'bout) 1 to h a t sth roughly: to hammer or hit ev+nlpron+adv v+adv+n Qv+nfpmn+adv+ v+adv+n sth (sport)to defeat a penon or a team so that

st21: The bulldem hnw started knocking our kit- EQdyw could have knoelrstl me dmvn wHh a ,knock sb 'otf;,knack sb 'oft sth t o m a h s b they cannot w n t ~ n u ein thecompetition: F m
chenubul.2(BrE) to kick stharound: Wesp@nfo 'featherusedto express great surprise knock.& Belgium out of the Europmn Cup
few hours knocking a ball a h u t . EB3 a ball EZ?3 b 'knockdorm n an occasion in boxing when falloff sth by hitting them: 1w.s k w k e d o f l my
bike this morning(=by a car). @v+nlpron+a&*v+adv+n *
klck ath around 3(ftdbrm0to d~scusasn idea one competitor hits the other so hard that they
' +v+nlpmn*abv*v+nlpmn+m r *nfpmn+a&+ prep
or a suggestion wlth several pwple: We knocked fall to theground
,knock sth 'off 1( a h,knock sth 'wt)(irlfor- t 'knackout(also'knock-wt)n ( e l l y B E .
a f2w i d w s oborat at the meeting @EIdiea Em +s t e a k 0 KNOCK-DOWN PRICEat KNOCK STH
ma0 to complete sth quickly and without much sgort)acompetition in which the winningplayer
klck 8th arwnd DOWN effort: T h q e q w t me m knock o r (= write) a or team a t each stage goes on to the neKt stage,
thousand wads rr day. Bchurn sth oout 2 but the losing one no longer takes part in the
Q v+nlpmn+advr v+edv+n ,knack sblsth 'downto persuade sbto ampt a
F 'knockaboutn ( B E ) a period of time spmt lower price for sth:tomake theprice of sth lower: (BrE. slang)to s t d sth: He3 knocking o r TVs competition: the European cup k?wckouto a
kicklng a ball aroundwith other people: Wehad He knodred Simon down so ES. o W k m k d the and video rewrdemo These brkes have k n
a kmkoboul in t h e p r k . knockoutmmpelitfon
-B see a h KNOCKOUT at KNOCK SB OUT

k....n..o...c...k...w.....t......................~...................-..............................1..6.2.

,knock sth 'out 1 =KNOCK STH OFF (iqf-l) ,knocksth 'up =KNOCK STH TOGETHER 1

Can you Knock out a quldr r e p ? for me? 2 to

remove sth with a hard blow: ShekrmM out her know/neu;A&nw/ (knewW ; A ~ E

front W hin thefill. BEl nu:/knawn /naun:AmEnwn/)

+v+adv+n + v+nlpron+adv 'know sbtsthas d ht o dsblsthbyaparticular labour~. E.I.AmI El a b )..l'lerbalr)! Beinntoooubmdien Iondedhertn trouble. o How

,knack yourself 'out 1 = KNOCK SB OUT 12 = name;tothinkthat sblsthhasaparticula~chara~- 'labour u& sth WE)(form0 1I o j b wed in did i bnd myse~ffn such a m ? o He m l l y
KNOCK SB OUT^ z ( i r l l b d ,~U~~KWUFUSSp,~cbZly teristic or is a particular type of persono r thing: theprogmsiue ! e m ) to believe 8th that is not
AmE) used to enmurage sb to do sth they have She is known io her friend7 as Beth. o It became true: to ik labouring under a delwion o She was landed us in it!!(=got usi n t o h u b l e l
Q v+ prep + v + n l p n prep

said they would llke to do,mnthoughyou do not knownas themrstlorn1compmy lo mrkfor labouring under the impression that he hebwd her ,land 'up(BrK fllformnl) l[tadvlpmplto reach a
understand why they want to do it. You writ lo
Know s h t h as 8th 1s usually used In the E E mlsappmh.nskon, delwim2to And a sltu- final pusit ion or situation: She landed up in h&
help?Gmt, knock youmtf wt!4 S m you mn passwe.
mkeouwtkmoking-knockyom~out! & v +nlp-m +prep ation very difficult because of sth. The new gov- p ~ t a lwilh a brahen kg.o Thewarn wasdiveM
and w landed up in York o The dlsh slip@ out
+v+pron*adv ernment LS iabouring under a hugedtbt.
oJ my hafidsandbndedugontheJbor o IIanded
,knock sth 'out of sb to make sb lose their be 'knownfo* sth to be well known becaw of O v +prep up with more work than I muld m g e . 2 Iand

breath, because of a fall, a blow, ek:Theforce of a particular characteristic, achievement or fea- lace0e1sl up dolng sth to end by doing sth or having to do
ture: The town is best knotonfor fts oncfent mi- sth that you had not planned to do: They Inndd
t h e r m m knack& the b ~ t h o u t o f h e r :
uerslty. o He is not known for his mi!(= he is ,lace 'up;,lacenth 'upto tie the slrhgs that go upp y r g f o r thadarmge. o We lnnrIed UP spend-
mbmh,wlnd d e n rude) through the holes on a shoe to fasten i t (shoe- ing thenight at theairport.

&v+nlpmn+adv+pp &be+v+prep lacesor laces): She laced hershoes u p EE)end up: Rnlsh up

knoc klosteheth'esitrueffninerggoJ:uetnotfhussbia(IsnmfWomr dul) to-'kennocwe Abethwemen Btobeabletorewgnleethediffer- EZl shws, boots do up,do sth up 0 Iv+adv
make sb two things: She doesn't know a
dence Lace s t h isalsoused w ~ t h t h imseaning. 2v+adv+-ing
Rolls Roywfrorn aRemu €1.
,knock nb 'wer if s car or another vehicle =Know sthkom sthcannot b e w e d in the Qu+Wpmn+adv v+adv+n 'land abyouraelf wlth s h t h ; 'land

knocks sb aver,it hits them and oRen kills or passive. r 'la-p n [usuallypl.] (EM)shoes fastened x sbrywrseH wRh dolng sth (iqforml, espe-
1n~ui-teh~em: Hegot k m k e d o w r by n bus. wilh strings:dsochild,shealwaysworn l ~ u p cial$ Brfi,) to give sWyourself an unpleasant or
9v+nlpron +prep
EE)run sblwlh omr 0 laceup upshoes d~fficulttasktodeal with. We'veIrrndedoumlws
not know y w r , u r nfrwn pur blbowW E ,
Knock sb wer isoflen u& in the passive. A, slang) used to say that you think sb is very 'lace sth wlth sth 1to put a small amount of wrfh the most bringjobof the lot. o Igot Ionded
sth, such as alcohol, a drug,poison, etc. into a wrth clearing up the mess. o They landed the
It i s not used as often a s knock sb downor ran stupld or completely lacking in skill drmk:Sotneo~ehadlaoedihemt'smilk w i t h a b organizothn with a huEe bill.
sb over.
'know ofsbtsthto have heardof sbMh,butnot hoL 2 (especuriiy BrE) to put a lot of a w r t i c d a r I E l saddle sb/yauwtf wtth sbtsth,raddh
+s e e a h ~ ~sos DcO~WN have very much information about or experi- quality intosth such asaspeech, a piece of writ- sbrywrsetfwRh do6ng ath
ing, elc: The show is Inoed with black humour o RElilLand sb with sblsth and land sb with
+v+nlpmn+a& + v+adv+n ence of themlit: 'Has he ever km in trouble with

,knockrth 'mrtopwhorhitsth,makingitfall the mlice?''Not that I know M ' o I know of one She Eeaas her smrfm with i r o W~ Lace sth doing sth are often uscd In the passive, usually
or turn on itsside: You'uekm&&?nydrinkowr!
student urho faiM the e a r n twice. 0 I know of with 8th is usually used in the passive in thm with get. G u m whogot l a d e d wilh wushingihe
o f'Il put the candle here XIthat it &snY get he6 but we'venever actuallymt.
kmkedowr eV + P ~ P meaning. dkhfs9
+v+nlpmn+adv e v*adv+n
v +nlpmn + prep @ v + n l p n+prep

,knock to'gether(wpciallyBra if two things ladle/ l e d /
knock together, they touch each other with
some force and make a sound: Viguratius) His ,knuckle ' d m (to sfh)(.bformb to bgln to ,ladlesth 'out to serve food with a large spoon ,lap sth 'up Ito receive sth such a s praise or a
k m were knocking together withfridt. work seriously at eth, usually after a period or in large quantities: He ladled out the soap. 2 kmd m a r k with p l e m without thinking
when you have not worlted hard: It's tune to (somaslmesdimpprouing) to give sb a lot of sth, about whether i t is true or not: Thebnby wus lap
Qv+adv knuckledown(tosomehard work). especrallymoney or advlce ping upthea m t i o n he wasgetting. o Shelapped
buckle down (to 8th) e v + a d v + n + v+nlpron+a& up h t s j l a t t e ~2~t~o drink all of 5th with great
,knock 8th b'gether 1(also,knock sfh 'up)to Qv+adu
make or complete sth quicklyand offen not very lagmt c ~ s ) enjoyment: Thecat lappedupthemm.
well: I'I1 qurckiy knock some lunch t u g e t h ~3 ,knuckle 'under(to &/nth) ( i a r m n t )to accept +v+a&+n v+p-m+adv + v + n + a d v ( h
(BrEj to join two or more m m s or houses to
make a single one: They'ue k n d & the rm or adm~dtefeat and do what you aretold or what ,lag b'hlnd; ,lag W h i d ab/sth 1 to be frequent)
roomstogether 0make onebig living mom. you have to do: Tho* who Mused to knuck& hehind sblsth because you are walking more
&v+nlpron+adv + v+adv+n under muere imprison&. slowly: Everyonerandown to the bwch, bui Amy 'lapse lnto sth 1to passgraduallyinto a worse
Qv+adv l a g g d khihind.o Swie lagged hhtnd the other or less active state or condition: They lapsed into
,knock 'up(BrE,sport).(in tennis, etc.) to practise chiMwn. 2 (In sthlln dolng sth) to progress
for a short t h e W o r e the beginning of a game: kow'towto *lath (itbformnl) toshow sblsth too develop more slowly than others: Weare lagging silence. o The munbry lapsed into chuos. o to
We knocked upforafew minutes beforeth match much respect and be too willing to obey thm: I far behind our Europwrr comp?riiors In using Irrpse into u n o p ~ ~ ~ i o ~ c s ~#neus s lEa L sllenm,
@v+adv mfse60kowlowto anyone. new lechnololey. un-clousmss 2 to start speak~ngo r tehav-
b 'knoekupn (BrE)(intennis,etc.) a shart p c - +v+adv v + m ing in a diflerent way.often one that 1s less
t ice before a m e Q V+PV acceptable: Shelop% im.F'r@lu:hwhenshearnY
land~ m d / think of a word in Englrsh.
,knock sb 'up(informan 1(Bra to wake sb by
knocking on their dwr: Wauld you like me O 'Iand In a h ; 'lam1 sbryourseH In sth ( W w - ~ ) Y + P ~ P
knack you up in tltemrnlng?2 ( e s p d ~ t lAy m
to makea woman pregnant man to get 8Wyourself into trouble or a dimcult
Q l v+dpron+adv s~tuationS: he Eandpd in m m f i r smling a cur o

Zv+nIpron+adv + v*adu+n

lard~ l a - a ; m l a - r d t ,latch 'an;,latch 'onto sth ( a h 'm ao lavish.ITEW-L.II ,lay d h I n VbrmoO to get a supply of sth and
store it to use in the future:I've bid in enough
'lardsdh with 8th( ~ ~ tvo inclulde ~lsatthc)he1)sotnotobtehceormeedbaEttoaocdhceedlIst.o2tsothb:e The u i m 'IavEsh 8th on sWsth ( a h 'tavlsh sth upon logsfor the minter
a lot o f aparticularkind of words or expressions interested sblsth m o r e @ m O to give a lot of sth, oftentoo
much,to sWsth: They luuished such care on that +rsrm)gfdsthln
in a speechor ina piece of writing:Hiswnvem- in an rdea,a Cash~one,tc,and use it for yourown v+adv+n + v+dpn+adv
house! oHe wasjealous of the attentionlavished
lionwas Inrded withR m l n nprowrbs. purposes: The government haw IrsiWted onto on his s i s k o Mrlrions OJ pounds were lavished ,lay 'Into s b t h (vrlthah)(Forsth/for dolng sth)
b r d sth with 6th is nearlyalwaysused in (iRformn0to attack sblsth violently,with words
e n v i r o n ~ ius~s w to win uom.o They have a on resZorirrg thebuildmg or blows: Slne bid into him with her@&. o He
the passive. hid into thegovernmentforspending m i U W of
@v+nlpmn+~mp reputationlorlotchingontoallthe lotestcmzes, 4 BQi attenttan,pralse,cam pounds on buildingsnobody wanred.
Young childmn latch onto phmes and rem E Z i l h v i s h sth onlupon sWslh, isd e n used in FEE) rfp fnta sblsth (wlth sth)(fors t h h t ddng
lark/la:k;~ r n ~ l a r r k l
them over end over 3 (BrE,inform0 to under- +the passwe. Sth)
,lark a ' M a ' m u n d (oldflmhionad,BrE, i@r- v nlpron+prep
ma0 to enjoy y o m I f by behaving in a silly way: stand an idea,what sb Issaying,etc:It t m k hima
S o w kids mrehrkingabut in rheslroppingmrre.
F53 mess around while to latch onto thew style of hunaou~o She
Q v+adv
m n latchdonlo the &a. o It mo d ~ u lmtn-

mpt t o g m u bul Sam h t c M o n very quicklj lay (lald,law /lerd/) G+v+P~P

+ v + m v + w p * v+adv+pmp ,lay 'off;,lay'OW sbmth:,lay 'offdoing sth
(iflormai)used to tell sb to stop doing sth that
laughI I ~ A ~ E W ! ,lay a'boutsb (wtthah)(espmtcrllySrE)toattack irritates or annoys you: Lay off!You're m i n g
sb violently physically or sometimes with
'faughat s ~ u r a e t f t o m k e s h & m m e I fseem up my home~uorko! Loy off him, he's still h r n -
words:He -s to Zoy a b u t me with his walk-

stupid by making Jokesabut thewyourself; to ingstick. ing. o L a y ofl bullykg your b m W ?
nor be t w ser~ousabout sblyourself:They were
,lash'downIfrain fashes down,it falls heavily: bughing at hrm khind h b back. o We all +'+prep (gv+adv r v+prsp
Themin Insheddawn.
,lay sth a'slde (form0 1to put sth to one side Jay 'off sth:Jay 'off doin(l sth (ii@rmO to
+v+adv lau~hedat Jane when she mid she b e l i e d in and not use it or think about it:I h i d my book
aside ondpicked up the ImZet: o O@uratiw) They stop doing or using sth harmful: You s h l d LXV
,lash 'out (at sblrth) I to make a sudden violent ghosfi o I lnughed at mywU for hlieuing such Inid wide their d f l e m m until the crisis was off aIcuhuUdrinkingfora while.
attackonsb:Helashedoutatus.o JimInshedoW an unlikely stop. over 2( a h,laysth 'byZessfreqwnt)to keep sth
laugh at ab can be used in the passive: to use in the future;to save sth: Haw you laid Q v +prep
wrth bothfisls. 2 to criticize sWsth in an angry
way:She hW out at th@m m n yfor treating Nobody likes Lo belaughedat. canythhgwidefor your oldwe? ,laysb 'offtodisrnissworke~ugs,uallyforashort
ehersrrbadIp I!BE) hltout (atsbtstk) EZEj put sth aslde;set sth aside time, because there is not enough work: We've
v+prep had to Inyoff hundredFof wrkem.
-.Qv+nlpmn+adv+ v+adv+n Q v +nlpron+adv r v +adv+ n
+v*adv 'laughat sth 1 toshow thatyoufidslh€unnyor ,lay $th beYore sblsth to presenta proposal, b 'lay-offn I [C]an act of dismissing workers
because there is not enoughwork:The &is hos
last /last;~ d l a e s t t amusing: You Muer hugh (I# my j o k . o The some information, etc. to sb for them to think caused thousands of byofls.2 [usuallysing.] a
whole chss wus laughing at him clowning about and dectdeon:Thebill turnhid befimPaT- period of time when sb is not able to take part in
lfoment. anactiv~tyor asportthat they usually do
,last 'Qd,la,ststh 'outIto survivefor a period omand. 2 to make sth seem stupid by makinaking
of time:How hng mn weht out without wa&? v +nlpmn+prep ,Iy sth 'on(BrE,LnformD to provide orarrange
jokes about it: He was laughing or my accent. sth for sb, for examplefwd, transport or enter-
o T k &tors thought he might not mof oui the EE)rldlcukirth (momform2) p a y &I 'by =LAY sm ASIDE
night. 2 to continue in the same situation or W h u g h at sth canbe usedin thepassive: He
,laysth 'down1toputsthdownorstopushgit: talnment: Extra buses were hid on dUrIng the
manage to do 8thfor a particular lengthof time: doesn't Iikp his ideakinglaugheder. Hestop& writlngand laidclownhhpen o They
He mnde it O the s m m l t , bud a1 one p i n t P M u d to lay down t h e i r a m . putsWsth trarnstrike. o She had hid on teafortheplayen.
Q v +prep +v+adv+n r v+nlpron+adv
thought he m ' t going lo Iast ow. o She h t d down 2 if you lay down a d e , or a principle,
outfor a week without smoking. o Can you last ,laugh 9th 'off( W r m n i )to try to make people lay Itlsth an wlm a r-l: fay A on rhlck
think that you do not m a b o u t sth, or that it 1%

out the day without using your phone? 3 to be not senousor important,by rnakingajokeabout you state officially that p x p l e must obey it or (tnformn to talk about sbfsth in a way that

enoughfor a particular lengthoftime:Our sup it: He lnughed OHsuggestions i b r he had
plies should h t out until the end of the month. o appmwhd lo be manager of ihe England teaearn
o It was an emhrmssingsituation, but she man- use it: Thegovernment has I n t d d o w n p r d u m makes them seem much btter or worse than
for negotiating lenchers'my. o CZwr guidelim they really are;to exaggerate8th: He u ~ W~ insg
MlI thefood h t out the w k ? hold olrt
Last sth out cannot be usedin the passive aged tolaugh it OR
Last and last sth are used frequently with the @v+adv+n+ v+pmn+adv4 v + n + a d v ( h have been bid down for religious teaching in on the flattery with a trowi. o Calling him a

s c b k . EZl guldellnea, ruler, wndlnons 3 to genius isIaying it on a bit thick!

same meanmgs. fwuent1 establish sth that will dwelopor kuseful inthe ,lay sth 'on sb (i~&rmaO 1 to force sb to deal
fhture: Gwd wring habits can be lard down in with sth unpleasant or dMcult:I'm sorry lo lqy
@v+adv * v+adv+n v+prwr+a& launch/ h t j /
chiIdhw3. 4 to produce sth that is stored and ailthisurorkonyou. Z(AmE)tobreakbadorsur-
v+n +advlfpss~wnt) gradually increases: you eat toomuch, th?sur- prisingnews tosb: Sony lo lay this on you, but
he's neverwming Wk.
, l a l sb 'out(ofm humoml~rit)o liveor oontinue 'hunch into 8th; 'launch yourself Into sth plus is Iard down as fat. F5E3fat El34 Lay sth Q v + nlpmn+prep
longer than sb else:My gmndmotlaerissofit ond to start do~ngsth in a very enthusiastic way;to down is usuallyused in the passive in t h ~msean-
hmIlhyshe'lIpmbably last us 011 out! start to attack sb physicaIly or with words:She ing. 5 (Brm to store sth,especially wlne, to w e ,lay sb 'out 1 (informal).to knack sb uncon-
lalrnchedintoanexpZanationofhaw themnchine inthefuture:Shehas laid down hundredsof bob- scious: He Inid his opponenr wl with a single
6 v+ nlpron+adv tuorked.o We&n'l want to launch o u m l u ~isnto blow. 2 to prepare a dead body tobe buried
the wrong enterprh. o T k band krwtched into t k s of port. ElJ bottles,wlne +v+ntpmn+adv r v+adv*n
,latch'on;,latch'ontos b ( a h,lot& 'ontosb) oneof theirbest kmwn songs.
(iqfoml) to follow sb around, often when they 1,4v+adv+n 4 v+nlpmn+adu Jay sth "ut 'Ilo spread sthout ready touseor so
do not want you with them: He lalched onto us El speech,explenatlon,chdlenge
and ~ m u ~ nget' rtid of him. &v+prep 4 v+pron+prep 2,3,5 v +a&+n + v+pmn +adv +
Q v+adv v+prep v+adv+ prep
,launch 'out(Into8th)to begin to do sth new or v+n+adv(m)
different in a confident way: She's decided she lay down the 'lawto tell sbArmly what th@Y that ~tcan be seen easily:h y out all She chth
has enoughm r i e n c e lo launchorrronh e r u m can or m n o t do lay dorm your 'lh(for shhtk) you want 0 Dke,o lay all the cards out on the
v+adv to die willingly In order to save sb or because o f table.2 to plan how sthshould look and arrange
it in this way:Thy hid the stmts out on a grid
sth that you believein
partern. o a wIl laid out CVlmwn.6 3topresent

.66.....................11*......_...... ................*..............................~.*..........-

or explainsth clearly a n d caremy:At thealemeeG mom, a door. a street, etc. leads into a place, it leap (leapt,leapt{leptlor lea&, l o a p d )
ing, he hid out his plansfor the mmpany. 4 (on
opensinto~toroonnectswithit: Theahrledinto ,Is& 'through sth to turn over the pages of a 'leap at sthtoacceptskheagerlxwithouthesitat-
8th)(informa0ta spend money:We Iatdouf thou- a tiny kitchen. E@Lldoor, room,mad book, a magazine etc. quickly without reading ing: Sheleaptot the c h a m o f w*ing in Paris.

sandsrenomtingthehotrw. QV+PWP ethem carefully or in detail:Shepicked up a bm- EEl chance,opportunttyIFBJumpat 8th
+v+rdpmn+adv + v+adv*n chureond Wedthmwh ti. v + prep
b 'Faywtn[usuallysing.] theway Inwhich sth is b 'lead-In(toah)n an introduction to a subject,

a story, etc: We iuunt a striking W - i n to the EEI pages Rlck throughsth 'leap on sih ( a b 'leap upan s* momf o r m 0
arranged:He still recoiledthe layout the how newplogmmme. ( e s ~ i a l lByrEj to suddenly become very inter-
pe!fectly. o TThe mgazine has a w g atrracslve eV + P ~ ~ P
,read 'off(wlth sth)(esmInllyAmE)tostartadis- ested in an idea or a suggestion. especially
layofit. cussion. rneet~ng,etc: Ewryone will have a Ileakt l ~ k / W u s e you thlnk it will give you an advantage:
chumlo s w k Wouldyoulike mW o f l
b 'outlayn [C]IUlthe money that you spend on ,leak 'out if s m t information leaks out, it Thepress Iwpton thestory.
5th. espedally when you start a new pmject:an +v+adv
o u t b of $4W DW o Wkal m y o u r initial outlrry becomes known to the public when it should Q v +prep
on aqulpmenl? ,lead'OHnth;,kadWf from sth 1if astreet remain secret:He was luorriedaboul whatmight
,leap 'out at sb if sth,especially sth written,
,lay 'Upto hide somewhere or do nothing for a Eeads off (from)a place, it starts there and gaes rnh a p p n if thenewsW e d out. Ieaps out at you, yw see it immediately: His
while They Iay up fn a wve until itgot hrk. away from it: He mmied to a street I d r g off getwt nameJlueempptowuttaatlmsbefrom thepage.
from) the corner of the wuaw. 2 if a room,a
Qv+adv door,etc. leads off(fmm)a place, it connects dlr- (4v+adv

,lay sb 'Up (irdormal)if sb is laid up they are ectly with it:A1I the roomskad@ the main h i l . Q v+ adv + prep

unable to work or take part in an activity +v+prep + v+adv+prep leannim/ ~ ~ s a f i e cler a, ned,B ~ aE h ~ e a n t , ,leap'upto standquickly andsuddenly whenyou
leant /h?nt/l
bemuse they areWslck or injurer?I luaslaid up ,lead sb 'on(irlformal) to decetve sb and make have k e n sitting:He leapd up and ran toaT1su.w
lor a month w ~ l ah broken leg. o He has land
up withflufira wk. them k l i m s t h that is not true, especially that 'Isan agalnsZron sthlsb Jean 'up agalnst the*
65tiN Lay sb up is nearly always wed in the sth to rest agamst or on sthlsb far support: )9Y*) jump up
passlve. you love them or h d them attractive: You
Laurn lenned m k l y agarmt the dm%o We W Qv+adv
Qu+nlpron+adv + v+arhr+n +shouldn'th u e W him on like lhnt.
v +nlpron+adv v +adv +n( I e s s J k q m ) our bikes leaning up agaitrsl the waI!. o Youmn 'leap upon sth(ePpeciallB~ rm =LEAP ON STH
,ley sth 'up 1(for yoursen) (BrE) If you lay up
trouble or pmblems for yourselt you do sth that 'lead to 8th;'had sb to sth ( a h ,bad 'onto lwn on my arm. leaveIMX/w,IOR /leftfi
will result m difficuities later You're hying up
probLemsforwurseIf hy not tackling this now. 2 sth, )sad sb 'on to sth) to result in a p a r - c u h +SR?a.k0LEAN ON SBkTH ,leave sth a'slde to not discuss or consider a
tostop using a vehicle, ship, etc. because you do action or event; to force or persttadesbto take a particular ideaor issue:Lsaningasidewrpnrk-
not need it, or it has lo be repaired: Our bwt is particular action:Llulngindampwnditbmcan +v+pmp + v+adv+prep
bid up d u r w the winkr month$.W L a y sth lead to serhus hwlthpro&m. o Whatledyou to ' k n 8th agalnsWon sth; ,lean 5th 'up
up IS often used in the passive in t h ~ ms eanlng. this mnclusion?o The increase in the number of
motor vehkles has led to an inmaw in a u b against sth to make sth rest against or on sth rng space, the housing deveEopmnt is Loell
Qv+adv+n + v+rdpron+adv crimes. o The w l i m have oflered a reward for
irlformcrtlon leading lo the conviction of the in a sloping posit~on:He leow his head on his planned. oLet us Ieaw mida the puestlon of
chrld's killers. o She rIPscriM how her ear& 2%
hand ond closed his eyes. 0 Maggie JeoM the msisfor the mment. o Kauing that us&...

broom up agurnsl the wall. BEl questlmn,thatlthl. problem
Q v+adv+n + v+pron+adv + v + n + a d v ( h
4v + nlpron+ prep + v +ntpron+& +p p

had led her to herprofmlon as an arlist. o O m 'lean on sb (informar)to try to makesbdo slthby Jreqwnfl
thing kd to another and h f o m Bng Sue and I
laze/lea/ thmtening them: the^ are leaning on him 0 ,leave aksth be'hlndto make p r o g ~ m~ usch

,lazea'round;laze a'mund sthEBrEaLw,?mo wereengaged. makehim wilhdmw hismmpbints. faster than sb else:Thenewcar fsgorngt~leave

e'bwt, ,laze a'boul sth) te spend your time Bmn Lead sb to do sth can alsa b UsRd with -Lean on ~b can be used in the pass* I the cumpetitionfar hhihind.

relaxing and doing very little:He hedabout all t h ~rsneanmg:ShedescriMhow hermrly Iffiled ewas berng h B a n e d on. @ v+ nlpron adv
day.o They kued arourrd the p m l in the ofter- her to twomean onkt v+pw ,leavesbtsth be'hlnd:,leave &sth be'hlnd

nwn. @v+prep * v+nlpmn+pmp v+adv+prep 4 'ban on swath( e h ' k a n upon sb(sth morefir- sb 1 to go away from a place without taking
mal)to depend on sb/sth.It's @lo haw some- sblsth because you haveforgotten thewit: S o w
EE5 Ilsaround,lk m n d sth:lounge v+ nlpmn+adv + prep one 0 lean on, o She was unsure of hmse.!f and
h t w d haauilyon herfrkndsfor supmrt. -M y has l$t thn'r umbrella behind. o Waif
aboutreround.lounge 8bouVamund sth ,lead'upto sth 1to bethe inimIuction to or the
+ S R a h LEAN ACAINST/ON SBlSTH don't h u e me behindr2to go away from a place
Qv*adv v+prep cause of sth: The b m k dmribes the perid Iead- while the result of sthyou have done stays them

,laze sth #way to spend a period of time relaw- ing up to thesturt of the m r o Pblice are ImvePti- QV + P ~ ~ P T k y wore gloves so as not to leaw any finger-

mr:and doing very little: We Irrzedouroy thesum- gatingthechainof ewnb that led up toherdeath ,lean to'wads sth (also ,loon t o w ak)to prints khind Ithem). 3ta leavea p e m n or plaoe
2 to prepare to talk about sth or ask a dimcult support or tend to prefer aparticularideaor pol-
meron the W h . itical party:I'mnot surehow I'mgoinglouote bul permnentln especially in order to begma new
I'm leanrngtowardsfheD?mmls.
~ v + n l p m + a d v v+adv+n question by gradualIy intmducing the subject life: He was anrious to leave the pus! behind
@ v +prep (htm).oShe $ i s a p e a yaor ago heaving
you want totalkabout: WhatemcflyareyouZedzead behind a boyfriend and a ml!h b y 4 to have
Jeanup a'gainst 8th sblsth remaining after your death: He d i d a t the
lead (led, ~ s d inguptolo HemmedtokEeadinguptoaskinga 4 S e t a h LEAN AGA~NST~OSNTHkB age of 33. h v i n g behind a wifeand threeyoung

,lead 'Into 8th 1 if a subject or a discussion di.tjTcultqwtion. ,leanslh up a'gainststh chiidren.

leads into sth, it mows naturally into a second Qv+adv+prep + seealsoI.EAN STH AGAINSTION STH Leaw sbkth is a h often used with all
subject or d ~ m i o n T: hw led into a discussion these meaning?.: Thqr w r e glova so as not to
on gender d ~ r e r e mo. Fair and group twrk b ,lead-'up(to sth) n [sing.] (Brm a period of
ttme or an event or series of wents before 'kan Upon sb/3th=LEAN ON 8 8 k T H lea ue anyflngerprhts.
o f l n h d s into a whole class discussion. 2 if a another event or activity: in the led-up to the

election

&v+nlpmn+adv + v+adv+n v+nlpmn+prep

leave In MI .... ..,,,,-,,.....-.................................... ,......,,.......,,,. ,,,,,.. ,.....,A.... ..1..6..9........................................................*..................~........I8....l...O...M...

,I- nth 'inlo not removesthforexampleh m b 'leffmrw n t [usually pl.] fwd that has ,kt 'down; ,let yourself 'down to be ,let 'into sth (BrE)tobe put Lnto thesurface
make sblsthlyou~selfless successfhl or impres- of sth:A large wlndow was lei into thewlI.
a bmk, a piem of writing, etc: Make sure YOU not been eaten andremains after a meal 2a cus-
tom, tradition, etc. that belongs to an earlier elve than theylitlyou should be: Her knowiedgeof @ be+v*prep
h u e thatpamgmph in. time but still exists: Thew norrow roMts ore a
Italian ~sexwiIenbt,ut herpronunciotian lets her ,let 'off (BrE, slang) to let air from the bowels
Em leaveam out down, o His clothes kt him down. o if you don't come out thmugh yourbottom
m r k hard for these emm,you'll only b? letting
+v+nlprcn+adv r v+&+ n leffawrfrom the &ys@ horse-drawnmrriages. youmZf down. *v+&
+v+nlpmn+&+v+adv+n
,leave 'ow,,leave 'off sth:,leave 'off ddng b 'l&owr adj [only before noun] remaining ,let sb 'off (with ath) to punish sb lightlyfor sth
because ~t has not bzen eaten or used: Iflover ,kt 8th 'downI to make sth go lower We kt tlse wrongthey have done;tonotpunish sb at all: She
9th (BrE, i?$ir~~ormtrnto stop doing sth: Lee bucket down on a rope. IEB -I sth(morefor- was leE off with afine. ol?flet you ofl this time,
shouted othim, but he muldn'l kawofl o Would uegetahkdfubrk butdon't do Ltagam.

you lwveoff mhnf you aredoingfor o moment7 o 'leaw sb to sth to go away from sb sathat they

We'regoing to try and begin where they Z& ofl: o can continue what they were doing before you

'WiI!yo~ ~ R owff ~ g g i n g ? ' k ~ h O ~ t e d . m e , or do 8th without your help: (infirmi) fl man 2 to make sth longer, especvatly an Item of 4v + nlpmn +a&

Qv+adv r v+adv+n v+adv+-ing you don't need m a n y m,I?[Iwvepou to it. o clothingsuchasask~rtoradress Imgoingto [el ,kt sb 'ow ,Idsb 'off sth 1toallowsbnottodo
the hem down a w w k of mntimatres. FEB take sth or not to go somewhere:You m I l y ought lo
,leave sbkth '0%Jeawsbbth 'off sth to I'I! Imueyou toyour lunch. mth up3(BrE)toallow theair tocomeout of sth, IzeIp with the shopping, but I suppose I mu& kt
not include or mention sbtsth. espxially on a such as a tyre: The fymon his car had ken let you flo Mum kt me o n the howhold chores
9v+ rJpmn+mp down durrng the night. tyre BE) detlate during ewms. 2 to allow sb to get out of a
list:Haue I L$tanyoneoff the [ffit? ath IformcrI) vehfcle, especially a bus: Canyou lel meoff here?
UZ4 leave sb to thelr arm deblcea to leave s b +v+ntpron+adw v+adv+n
Qv+nlpmn*adv 4 v+abv+n + v+nlpron+prep alone to do as they wish: Once J'w mpInined Q v +ntpmn + adv v + nlpmn +prep
things to him 1 lend to h u e him to h b own tet your 'haltd a m (In$ormaR to relax and
,Seamsth 'an1if you leaw clothes on,you con- enjoy yourself,often in a wild or lively way:Isow B M sb off the 'hooktofr%esbhmadifRcult
trnue wearing them:Leawyourshmon. 2tonot devices. my parents letting their hair down on the dance
or unpleasant task or situation: Heoasn'tgoing
switch sth off. J f i w d the ielevisionhad been I@ lend /lend! (lent. ant /lentn floor ro kt the senator off the h m k easily; he kept ask-
onallnrght. i n g d m u l t guestiona.
,Msbrsth In; ,let yourself 'In;,let sb/sth!
BE) keepsthon EEB learssth0W;swftck ,lend 'out(to sb) t o allow sbto borrow sthfor y~urself'Into sth to allow sWsthlyourselE to ,letsth 'off to fire a gun: to rnakeabombexplode:
enter a roomor a building: Letme in!lt'smIdout The boys were [elling flpremrkrrkorHe kt ofl a
Sth off a perid of time: The Me- h k s cannot be here. o Theguard refusesto iel mtyorne in without warning shot.
a smrztypass. o She let hersew insotheJkt.
+v+nlpmn*adv v+adv+n lentout. &v+rdpmn+adv v+adv+n 4 v+n/pron+pnp EZGlflremrrk,s M

,learn It 'out (BrE, infoml) I used to tell 8b to +v+nlpron+adv o v+adu+n ,kt sth 'Into allow sth such a s water or light to +v*adv+n v+nlpmn+&
enter a plam through a hole: Thsw was a hole in .let off 'steamto get rid of yourenergy, em*
stopdoing sth silly or annoying 2used to tellsb 'lend R w l f r n e m s a h to sth (Tornurl)to be
that you think whai they have sald k stupid, or su~tablefor sth: Science tn ekmenlcrry schoois tinns, etc. by shouting or dolngsth active: He lei

that you do not believe it: Two million dolIarsP tends iwy mlf10 learning through plqy. o Not offstmm byhittingapillour

Lwve it out! all materialslendthemsel~toscienlifrcduting.

+v+it+adv

,leave sb 'out, ,leave rb 'out of sth to not letbet1MW. kt,let) theroof #hatlet themin in. o I d m thecurtuim ,lel 'on(to sb) {infomI) to tell sb &I that Is sup
bock to kt in mme light. posed to be a secret:Shedwn'tkmwl'w bought
include sb deliberately: Itsem& unkindto &us - down -m her a wlcln, so don't M on, will youPo 7% chil-
Da&y out. so we invital her too. o There was an EUi IIgM, mln dren knew he wasmmmg, but theydirdnY lel on lo
oulcry when he rnlefl out of thelearn. 169 -in, into -wt onyone. o There loere holes in Jack's shoeshbouets
EE9 uxciuderb(momJ o r m Q -In lor EmLet sth incannot be wedin the mssive. Kaledidn'z leton (thaRshe'd noticed.
-in on 170 -past
ev+nlpmn+adv o v+adv+n -into ,@v+nlpmn+adv r v+adv+n &v*adv
-mmush
v+ ntpmn +adv+prep *riff b 'Inletn 1a narrow strip of water which g ~ e s
-UP Worn the sea or a lake into the land: a nar-
left 'out odj unhappy because you have not
m w l s h e l M inlet 2 the part of a machine
been included in sth:IfeIta bit l&out. ,letSb ' clown I to failto helpor supportsbinthe through whiih air, gas or he1 enters: a ,let 'out( A mwhen schools, classes,uEBw, etc

,leave sbsth 'OM,leaves h t h 'out of sth way that they hoped or expected: She mid she flre~pm?irnlet Iet out, they cometo an end and students,work-
ers, etc. go home at the end of a day or a term:
1to not involve sWsth In s t h Laaw my brother would help, but let lhmndown a t the k t minute. ,ktsb!yourself 'In for 8th (tqforrrm0 to allow CInpsesk t out In June. o More than W D W m p l e
yourself to become involved In sth difficult or
outof this-hehndnofhingfodo with if. 2 tonot o It's important ourdectsion -2 letdown our unpleasant: i7 I'd known what I was kiting are exp&3ed in thesquareqfter work Iekaut.
mysev m f o ~I'd never have ugmd to hefp. o
include swath either accidentally or on purpose: customers. o me car has never let me down. o f +v+abv

H a w I lefl anyone o u E o You can h u e out the fill I'd k e n badly let down by the mmpany. 2 to

gory W i k . o This ts $pelf mmnglj You'w le~? tell sb some bad news in a k ~ n dway so that they What hawyoukt me infor? ,let sb ' o ~ , lsdb 'outof sth 1toallowsbnot

out the 'e: o Yora'w lefl rlre second 7n' out of w f l not be too disappointed or upset: Tha k& Let ~Wyomelfin forsth cannot be used to do sth they have promised or are expected to
do; to free sb from a difficult situation: I'vegot
'wmrnifte:oYou'us Lg7 out an h' in will be really upset the trip's been mncelkd -bry in the passwe. It is often used in questions with school lomormw, so thnt lets me out (of helping).
what.
'mmmrttee: ornil 8th(morefirmnf) io let themdowngently.

+Iv+nlpron+adu v+nlpmn+adv+prep +v+nlpmn+advl alsov+adu+n @ v+dpmn +a&+ prep 2 toallow sbtoleavea hospital,prison,etc.,espe
let the 'slde down (BrE)to disappoint your
2v+adv+n * v+n&mn+adv ,let ab 'In an 8th (BrE a h ,,let ab 'Into sth) cldy esrlyorfor ashorttime: Thedoclorsmrght
(tMormu0 to allow sb to share a secret:Am you
v+nlpron+adv*prep family, friends, team, etc,by not being assuccess- going lo IeZ #hemin on your phm? o I wanW to lel me out lomorrow.
let Chris m on the mret. o f"ld &you inlo a little Qv+nlpron+adv v+adv+n
be ,Ml'cnrer (hurn) (of f o d or money) if ful as they expect, or not helping or supwrting
them: John wuEd new ld the side down. 01 secret. v+nlpmn+adv+prep
fwd, money,etc. is lefl over,it remainswhen the k n e w I m L#frng thesidedown (= disappinting
rest has been eaten ar u w iup: &kI'wpoid my rnaeuof b 'let& n [sing.] (es-lly Brm something
my family,etc.) by not going mmlkge. that allows you to avoid an unpleasant or dim-
rent and hughifaad there isn't much ouer to Q v+ nlpmn+a&+ prep v +nlpmn +prep
b 'letdormn [C, usuailIy sing.] [U]something cult situation: a &+u# c l a m (= in a contract)o
spand on books o There roas plenty qf focd k$ that is not as good as you thought or hoped it
ouer rifler the pa* o Thew's some rice kft ouer wouldbe: Themtrteloesgreat buttheendingrws 1' think it's Iw hut to go jogging ' I surd
from Iunch. a bzt of a kt-ck~wn.
lookmgfor a let-out.
g be+v+adv

_l.-e-t--o...u..t.......I..........*......_..........I..I........1.1 170
....................I.* . . . . . . . . . . ........ . II................1 *,,...............*......I...................................

,let sbinth 'out;,let sbsth 'out of am ,let We lpnlrsmY kt e m though w're winning. o ~ E aI'head;,liea'headof sb tobe inthefuture; ,lie 'up(BrEl to hide somewhew T ~ ~ b'l m
Doesn'tsheever lebup?Sk's beencompIrrininga[l to be in fmnt of you: G m t op~?iuni* Ite
yourself 'out; ,let yourself 'out of sth to +up in thecaves until it gat dark.
allow sbtsthlyotme1f to go out of a room or a dny. d m d , o Who knows what problem mkht lie v+adv
ehpadof us7
burlding. Can you kt youmu our70 l urns 9v+adv 'Ilewtth shmth(te do ah)(formantobethe duty

afflnterl they Iether out of h s p ~ t nslosoon b 'kt-up (in sth)n [sing.]a reduction inthe +v+adv + v+adv+pmp or responsibility of sblsth: It Zles with you lo
strengthof something:aperidof time whenstb m p t or reject the pmposcrl. o The decision on
+v+nlpmn+adv + v+adv+n4 rile a'round; ,lla anroundsth (BrE also ,llm whether lopmceed lles with theminkter
a'bout,,lie about sth) 1 (of a pason)to spend
v+ nlpron+adv+ prep unpleasant stops: There can be no &-up in the time being lazy and not doing anything in par- rnW t W i t k S b
ticular:She's beenlymgaround the h o w all dQY
~ l e t t h s ' c a t o u t o l ~ ~ t o t e l l a s e r r ewt ar against drugs. o T ~ rQnin m n t h w d all QV+PW
carelessly or by mistake I tvas trying So keep my uflernonnwrthno let-up.
promotron quicl bub Skue went and lel thecat out
doing m t h i ~ . llare amund, laze around
of the hg.
sth; lounge aboutramund, lounge abwU
,let sth 'OM1togive a cry;tomake a sound: She
Id out a scream of terror o He lel out a sigh of 'level sth at slusth 'I(also ,lwIsth awlnst amund nth 2 (of a number o f things)to be leR Jlft 'Off when a racket, etc. lifts o f fit rises h m
Wah)to say publicly that sb is to Mame for sth, somewhere in a careless or untidy way: HLS the ground into the air: The racket IW off nmt
m!kJ BEJ cry, sl@hI E E held rth In 2 to allow clothes lay around ail ouer ih@flm%o 'Hoveyou
secret ~nforrnationto -me known: He3 the espec~allya mistake or a crime: The charges
Ievalledagaimthim ore Must. oEnvironmenraI seen my purse?' 'It was lyrng about In the kiwhen +v+adv
only person who muld Aove kt the sacrelout. o g r o w have leueIiudanwnberqf criticismsatthe when I Iast saw it. ' o You shouldn't h u e valu-
The mmpnny let out that they were putting in a ables lying amundthp changing room b 'lift-off n [C] the moment when a rocket or
btd for KKF EEl w m t LEE) reveel sth (more proposal. EE4 critlclsm, aceusatlon, charge Qv+adv + v+prep spacecraffleaves the ground and rises into the
form0 3 (to sb) ( B r o to make a house, flat, b 'layabut n (oldhshioned, B E , i@rmnt) a
apartment, etc. available for rent: TIE apan- Lmel sth agaItlstlat sblxth k usually lazy person who doesvery little work air: Wehave lift@
ment's ken let out to a German coupk.Plwl used in the passive in this meaning A m a t t o n s
of ~ncomptenceh u e hen leueIled at the princl- :lie 'back.(Inlon slh) torest,relax and do very lit- ,lift ssbrnsth 'up; ,lW your~df'up to raise
fiatlapeflment,houm ZiE9 hlre sm out {tosb): pal. 2 to point sth, especially a w n ,at s b She tle:Just iw bodi and enjoy thepwceand gUW. 0 sblsthlyaurself to a higher maition or Iwek I
rentsth out (toW4tomakean itemof clothing -Ievelled lheprstol at R l s head SIlP lay back on thepi1Eowsand closed h e r w . can't lift you up -you 'reloo Wq!0 She i f t d
lmser or Iarger:I'ue wten somuch I'llhaveto M A v + n. "lnrr-nn. + nran +v+adv
.-"V herseff up on om elbow. o She ltftd up the box
my beItout!lZjJ sklrt, trousers lE5 take sth In " 3le be'fon,sb(litemyv)I tobe in Ront of sb:A andput iton the able.
5 (also,let ath 'auto(sth)toallowair,I~suide,tc.
,revel sth 'dorrl'up to make standards, Lift ~WsthEyourselfcanalso be usedwith
t h ~mseaning.
amounts, etc, be the same lowfiigh or lower1

toescapcor flowout of somewhere: Weneed to let hlgher level: The government is OEC@ of WribIe sight lay &fom them. 2 to be in the +v+nlpmn+adv + v+&+n
kvelling dawn s t a d r d s in schw2.s rather than
the atr out of the rudwtor: lewil~ngthemup. future. Your whole Ifle liesW O M Y O U .

&v+adv+n + v+nlpron+adu e v + a d v + n* v+nlpmn+& Ov+mv

5 a l s o v + n l w D n-+- a dv +m ,level'&?out 1 to k o m e level orsteadyaftera "Jk-'hind sth to bethe real explanationor rea- 'Ilght onmpon sbmth (litmW)1to puddeW
F
-r
b 'outlet n 1i k r sth) a way o f expressing or
using energy,strongfeelings,ideas, etc:ChiMmn period of sharp rises and falls: H o w p r i m son for sth: She undersW thefeelings that hY scc sbtsth. Her gtwe l $ R Mon her daugh&r2 to
&an outletfor all their energy 2 a shoplstore showed no stgnof levellkg 2 to b m e level
&hindhisangry words. o We willprohbly never suddenly find sblsth or think of sblsth: The
know what lny Wbehind hisdacfPionlo resm
or an organization that sells goods made by a or hortzontal after rising or falling: The road -rch team laas lit upon imp-t nem ttmter-
Q v + prep
Particular company or of a particular type: a began m lewI off as tw approachmi the roast. o iaf. hlt on sth

retaiUfus? fmd outlet 3 ( m ~ i n i l yAmE) a Thephne Ievelled f l a t 20 ~ W f e e t . r[lle'downtebeormove tntoa horizontalmition Lighted Is also used for the past tense and

shoptstore that sells goods of a mrticular e v + a d v on a bed, etc, in order to sleep or rest:Goand lie past pastlclple.
edownfor a while. o He lay down on the mfa and rS_Y_ allght onlupOn &lsth
makelmakesatreduced priws:designeroutkts4 ,levelsth 'Off?ovtto makesomethingsmoothor went 20 sleep. o Thecoughing ~sworse when he's v + prep
a pipe or hole through which water, st-, etc. flat:Lewlthegroundout b&oresotuing the&
mnflow out 5 (Amm adwice in a waLl that you +v+nlpmn+adv * v+adv+n lying down. o She cwsbmg down on the bed ,IlgM 'up;JlgM8th 'upIto become or to make

use to mnnect apiece of electricalequlDment to Do not confusethis sense o f lie down with sth bright with light or mlm: She swiZclPed the
apowersupp1y:anekzricaloutler6 theend o f a lay 9th down, which must always have an mnitur on and the m n Iit up"o Flashes 4f
river where ~tflows lnto alakeor the sea ,I-1 sth 'up =LEVEL STH D D W N ~ P object:Jack lay down on the sofa. o Jack hid the lightning lit up #he& o Theurale@~ll uKls lit U p
'levelwith ab{infmml) to speak or deal with sb pen down on the table. o Jack was lying dotun On at night with pink and greenfloodlighss. 2 if a
,Idsbtsth 'past to allow sbkth to go past yw: the sofu,(notJack was Irlymg down on thesoh). mrson's eyes or face Ught u p , or sth lights
CQnyoukt mepast,pleasef In an honest and direct way: Im going to h l
with you m w - your work W n ' t h w b
ev+adu them up,theybewmebrlghtw~thexcitementor
slandordfor orsome time. o I'vegot theleelingthat
Q v + nlpmn +8du take sth Wng 'dorm to accept an insult, a happiness:Hereyes lit up whenshestrw them. o A
he>not ieueIIingwith m.
Jet s M h 'through to Now sWsth to pass or @ v + prep crlticlsm, a violent attack,etc, without protest- smile of delight Iit up hisfam. o His fuce lit up
go through stb that is ;blocking the way: The ing or reactingto it:He hns hen m&4f brib- with plwsure. 3 (informal)to begin to smoke a
ery,but he hen't take his Iyingdown
mud mUed aside to let the ambulam thrawh. tick .hk1. ciaarette,etc:Shet#koutocigaretFe~ndl~utp. o
b ,Ile-'downn [sing.](BrE,hformn0 a short rest, He I! t upow cigmtteofter anothe~
9Lei m through -Im a doclor o These bli& ,lick 'oRlrup;,lick *h 'Off 8th to eat especially in bed:to hnuealre-down
drink by moving your tongue the sw (4v(+kasdfv? wr vw+ natd)v + n +v+pton+a& *v+n*adu
don't kt rnuchiighr through 2(-1ai& &E)to face of lt:Shelicked t h e f m f l ( t h e s m n ro The w-,Ile'In infornrn0to stay inbed afterthe time

say that sblsth is g d enough for sth or is cor-
rect:Wew m mrried the wouMndn"l th you usually get up: It's W d y bt?Wrro~s,o
cat licked up the rnilkfmm #hedish. 'IlgM UPOn s b l ~ t =hLIGHT ONhlPON XBISTH
+phnsfwthe new buikfingrhtough. v * nlpmn +adv + v + adv +n + v + nlpmn+prep myou rnn lie in.
v+ nlpmn +a& * v + adv +n (rare) sbep In -linhtenr b ~

,kt 'UP (inf-0 1to b m m e less m n g : The Ilefl@ (lla*, lying,lay pm/bln/lemn @v+adv ,Ilghten 'up(spaken) used to tell sbt~ be l ~sws
lous or to complain or worry less a b u t 5th:
rainshowed nosign of h i n g up.2 to do stb with b ,Il*'tn n [sing.J(BrE, W r m a t )an act of stay- Comeon,lightm up! It m o n I y ajoke.
less effortor energythanbefore,or stopdoing it: #Ifea'bow:,lie a'bovt 8th (Brm = AROUND, Ing in bed longer than usual in the morning: 0 @v+adv
haw a lie-in
LIE AROUND STH

,llgMen d h 'up (@3rmaO to make slh more Jlnesbmtb 'up1toarrangepwpleorthings ina (mnI the Iadr o Walyou lislen outfir t h e p h w while Itlw off slusth disapprwicg) to Bet the

cheerlid and less serious or depressing: He did line or a row:She lined the childm up for the Ih in the bn#h?o The children were asked to !is- maney or the things you need h m sblsth: You
his h t w lighten things up. o She SrlerI to photogmph. o His CDs were llMd up on the shelf mn'l rive off your mrents forever! 4 He had lo
tenoutfor a word hgeginninewith '3h:
lrghten up h e r s ~ 1h~ 1 tahfeLujokes. l i v e f l his savings.
2 (for ~Wstht)o organize anevent or an activity; E3l mund, door
+v+nlpmn+adv v+adv+n
to arrange for sb to do somethingat an event, a gv+prep 4 v+sdv+prep +V+WP

Iskenflarkanj competition, etc: He's lznad up a h n d f o r the ,listen 'in 1 (onlto sth) to llsten to sth or sb 'llve off sth to eat one type of food very
party. a We've fined vpafew thingsfor the m k . secretly.Haw you bmn listening in on myphone quently or all the time: When I urns a s W n t I
smh to sbMth ho d.0 X k v already Q buwrfor ihefr car
to rnll-v.? o T- hm wresure that ihe #lice were lislen- liuedfl braadandchm&.
+see a h LIVE ON STB 2
sbhth to someoneor somethingelseand say that v+pmn+* v+n+*(Cess ing intO theirmnuersntions. 2(iosth)to listento
they are similar: He has k n likened bcr young a radio programme, etc: Lbten in on Fridnyfor e v +prep
GeorgeBaPI. o She likened the buildngtoa ship mwnl'
our mkrvicw with Gwrge Micha?L IEW lke the "and to eat food that you can
Liken s M t h to sbtsth Is often used in the ~~~~~~~
passive grow, k ~ lolr findyourself Theormy m f o d to ~
an event: an i m p m s i w lineup of p e r f i , r m o Iiueofl !heland. o It's afarmingamand most of
& v +n / m + prep The line-up fir tonighi'sgame is still not known,
lhepeopkstillliwofl thebnd. llvoofl the fat of
~ ~ ~ ~ r & ' ~ i ~ e d ~ ~ Pgv+adv
,listen ' o d fot slNsth =LTSTENFOR SB~STH,LIB-

TEN OUT FOR BBlSTH the 'land (disoppmuing)to have enough money

limber/knba(r)/ 2 a set of events, peop!e or thfngs:&urn1 new ,Ilsten'up(spoken,aspeciallyM u& to tell sb to be able to buy expensivefood, drmk, clothes,
dmmas are indud& in t k line-up of pro- to pay attention to what you are going to say:Lk- etc: It urnsa trme when landlords and merdrants
,Ihrtber 'up(for sth) to do exercise to prepare to grammesfor nextyear ten u~ everyom- this is imrnrfant? .-Iiwd o f fthe.fato.f the land.
take part In a sport,a race,etc.; to warm up: The
playerslwm l h k r i n g upforthegame. o mum- +seeUbLINE-UPat LINE UP ,Hve 'onto mntinue to live or exist: He may be

tiue]TRemndidab oreake&y timberingu pfir rivepN{ dmd but his musk livcspon.

the e h t i o n campaign. gv+adr

Bwarm up ,Ilnger 'on1to remain for a longtime: mem- 'live by sth to follow a particular belief or set O f ' I h on 8th 1 to have a particular amount of
ory of lhnt dny lingen on in the m i d of h a 1 principles:Sompmpk live by Iherule ' a n y t h w money w ~ t hwhich to buy everything you need:
Q v+adv m p l e . o Thesmell lingemdonforolnys&@r 2 to for the suke of pmce: o Women working in a Howd#youmanogeboI~wonasluden#gmrrt?o

remain alive, but becoming graduauy weaker: m n ' s mrldhuwto Irwbmen'smles. They don't eurn emugh lo liue on. 2 to eat a par-

'Iirnlt sth Xo sbhth to make sth exist or happen We should be fhanWuithat she didn't linger an. E E prIncfpIm,8tandaMs ticular type of food very frequently or & the
tlme:Shem living onfruit and mur vqeWb[Ps.
Linger is used more fmquently wlth the e v +Prep
only in a particular plam or within a particular samemeanings. by p u r ' W I t~o m m o n e y or survive *0 birds thQt liveon ln$eC&+S&?Ut!SO LIVE OFF STH
group: Vmlentcrime is not limrled to big cities. o @"+a& v + prep
Thetmhing of hbtayy shorrM not be lirniled to by clever and sometimes dishonest means:He
hud no money and was living by hm wits and 4v Jive 'out(BrE)to live away from the place where
datesandjigurn. seainqafewpaintlngs. you work or study:I Iiwd out durfng my lfml

S B cmflne ath b sbtsth ,filnk 'up1(with sb) to join with sb inorderto do 'Ilwr by sth; 'llve by dolng sth to earn the yeuratmllege.
-Limit sth to sWsth is usually used in the sth together We are Wing 60 link up with olher money that you n& by usingor doiwgaparticu- I F 5 !lye In
chntitim wrkzngin thearm. 2 (withnth)to make lar thing: people who lrve by the lavld (= for Qv+adv
passive. example, farmers) o She lived by givrng prfvate
a connection wrth sth: The two s m r @ will Iessoms. ,Ilw 'outsth;,IIm lMnem 'out It a d o h real-
@ v + nlpmn+prep link up m orbit. ity sth that you think about,believefn,dreamof.
ev+m etc: On holiday in TausI U w d out my childhood
+v+adw
,Ifm 'up 1(lor rthlto do ah) if people h e up, ,Iksth 'dawnto make people forget 8th very fan2asyqf beingamwbojl EEi fmn~ry,dmarn2
they form a line, standing onebehind the other ,!Ink sb/sth Up 00 a h ) to connect sWsth Nth embarrassing or bad that you have done in the to spend your life or the rest of your life 1n a par-
or beside each other:A groupof people wen{in* someone or something else: The alarm Islinked past:Ecan'l Wiewlfell in theriwr-I'll M U W ~ ticular way. She lived out the rest of her I$e in
up lo the police stairon o The nem W w r k rn ahle to Ilve if down.
ing up for Zlckac o They lined up to s h k e the hnk m. up to sirnilor organimlwm emund the Live sth downis not used in thepassive. poverw o Maybe Illliusoulmydaysln i & m
munw of the nwunkmm. ESJ Ib,d a p
Pmident's laand. o The mwrs fin& rap at the ~ v + n I p m n + a & v+adv+n
startinglim. + s e e a h g v ~ UuP~( w3 T~H h O DO ~ v + n l p m + ra v~*adv+n A noun must alwaysfollow out. but a p m
STH) 2 to join with sb in order to do sth:Local
F 'Ilnk-upnacommtlonbetween twosystemsor 'I& for sbhth to consider shtsth as the m a h noun comesbetween the verb andout.
groups are lining up against the new dewlop machines: They did a liw srrreleP link-up with
menf.o Several newsmpem lined up lo &mad theshow. purpose of or the most important person or Q v + a d v + n r v+pmn+a&

his mignation. thing m your life:She livesfor het mrk.4 W h t ,live Yhmugh sth to e r i e n c e sth difAcult or
haw Igot to livefwnot~'?
unpleasant and survive: He lived thmugh both
*v+a& liquorylrka(r)/ Q v + prep
wkl wrs.o I f 3something I newt want to llve
b 'Ilnl-up n [usuallysing.]a m of people that is belget ,liqrwred 'up(A&, Wormal) to Mget , l h to h at the place where you work *through agaln.
formed so that sbwho saw a crimecantryto rec. drunk: Wegot ltqwred uponSaturday night. study: Tw haw a nanny living in. o ( B r aMost V+PWP
ognizethe person who d ~ idt: Sheptckd him out belget + v +adv
of a line-UP(= she recognized him as the person st~liveindrrri~thirfirstywr,: 'live together (also'ltw vfth sb) 1to live in the
who committedthe crime). llstenVltsn) same house, flatlaprhent, etc: There are six
rn liveout stu3mt.s Iiuing togetherin the h o w . o I'm living
-t CI~OLINE-UPa t t l ~ ESB~STHUP
g v+ adv

,Ilne 'up;Jlne 8th 'upto he,or to put sth, in the 'listen for sbmth; ,Ifsten 'out for s b t h to b 'lhre-in udf [only Mm noun] 1 (of an in aflat with Meg.2 to sharea home and have a
correct position in relation to sth else: The i h m employ~)livinpin the housewheretheywork:U sexual relationship, but without being a r i d
holesshoukf allline up (loilh mch other), h e n carefullyto see if you canhearsblsth:She live-in.hlrsekeeperlpositwn 2 (of a b w f e n d , Q v + a d v r u+prep
Qv*adv r v+nlpmn+abv * v+adv+n Iqvawuke,lrslen~ngoutforthemmdofthekg in girlfriend, etc.) Iivhg in the game houseastheir

sexual partner:a liue-in lowltmyfriend

, I h It 'up(informal)to have a very exciting and -the conditionsgivenby the empluyer: The man- ryrtem, wmputa* EEB log Infon; log

enjoyabletime,usually spending a lot of money: ,roan sthnb 'OM(to *b) to lend s W b to sb, agement will lock oul anyom who ta sign Intotonto8t?1
I've hwrdthat Tom's livingit up in LA, sometimes in return for money:Severalplqwm the new mntmct.
Log orObut of ath mnbe used in the pat-
+v+it+adv have h n h n e d out io other learn. o Sometim ~ v + n l p r o n + a r h r* v+adv+n tern. Wartunfilrrllthelrsersareloggedoff:

,llw'upto~htobehaveaswellasorbeasgood we loanout theseb m . 1alsov * nlpmn+sdv* prep +v+actv + v+prep
F 'lackout n a situation when an employer
or sucoessfhl as m p l e expect:TheholelJaiZedio +v+adv+n + v+nlpmn+adv
Ilue up to expctatwm. o Mr Mean I i v d u p ~nhis refuses to let workers enter their place of work

ll~meandd~edarni1~ionaobI-'ev~egotalot toltve until they agree to particular conditions: The ,loll a'round; ,loll a'round sth (BrE also ,loll
strikemfoceda Lxkout. a'boul, Joll a'bout 8th)to sit, lie or stand h a
UP to. ,lock sb a'way1 =LOCK STH UP 12 = WCK SB relaxed way,doing very little:Themwereseuerul
LlPlAWAY He W ~ ~ ~ O W fIorIthYe W o f h i slre. ,lock yourself 'out;,lock youmaif 'out of kids lolIt&qaroundours~ethecluh o Jim should
EGl apactatlons, name,repuhtlon sth t o acc~dentallyleave your keys inside a ar, get a job ~ m l odf Eolizng around the h o w all
@ v + adv +prep building, etc. when you go out, so that you are
unable to get inside again I'w mcmaggaf lo lock day.
'Ilvewlth sb =LIVE TOGETHBR Jock 8th a'way =LOCK STH UP She locM the myseif out of my room threetuna!
rnoneyawny rn a c t r p r n . Qv+pmn+adv + v+pmn+adv+prep +v+adv + v+prep
'Ifvewlth sth: 'llvewHh purseftoaccept an
unpleasant situationand contlnuewith your lire ,lock yoursan e'way = LOCK mn U P 1to shut ,lock 'up;,lmk sth 'upto make a building safe
and work. You might not like the situation, but yourself in a place away h t n other people so
you'll haw roh r n to Itw with it. o She wouldn't that you are not disturbed: He la%& him.wIf by lockfng the doors and windows: Make sure 'long for sblsth; 'Ion@for sb to do sth to
be able tolivewith herseif Fshe hurt hrm. away (in his m m )until h'djinished hb work. you lock up uporeyoukaw. o SheloFkedthmhop want sblsthvery much:to longfbra baby o I w a s
BB) shut yoursstf away (from sb/&) upand wenl home.
*'+POP lonfingfor a chat and a good la&, o Shsfound
3S e e a h LOCK SR UP/A\IrAY

liven/ l a m / &v+pmn+adv Qv+adv t v+n/pron+adv + v+adv+n herself longingfir hher ukfforsto h u e .

,lim 'up; , l h n sb/sth 'up to bwome or to ,lock sb!sth 'In; ,lock ywlaelf 'in to put b 'rock-upna small shopthattheowner dwsnot @ v+ prep 4 v + prep+nlpron+to lrif
makesblsth more lively, interesting or exciting: sblsthlyourseK in a room or buildmg and lock live in;a place that the owner does not need and
She U u e d w when Alon asked her lo dam.o the door: Theprimm are h k e d in ewry night. rents to sb else, for example to k e q a car in: a F *longd+r ndj [onlybefore noun] that sb has
Put $ommusicon toliven thints up. oAfew pic- o H e m h e d b his M~yx)rnandlocked h i m ! f in. k n wantingor hoping for very much:a Eongd-
turn m u M livenup t h e m . I&-up gurugelshop for child
ev*nipron+adv + v+adv+n
brlphtenup:Mghten ~ t uhp s e e a h LOCH-UP at LOCK 38 UP~AWAY
F 'leek4nn (BrE)an occasion when customers
Qv+adv v*nlpmn+adv + v+adv+n are locked into a bar or pub after it has closed so ,lock sb 'upta'wey(fformol) toputsb inprison
that they can wntinuedrinkingprivately
or in a guarded hospital:&up& Iike that should

-......,...-,- - - -- -, unpleasant situation,especiallyan argument or Lx h k e d u p l o They should lock her ly, and -about -Into
thmw away t h e w " -on
-,loasdbtsth 'down a legal dispute, that seems unllkely to end won: -- a m -out
many thlnw to carry: lom'&down with Q v +nlpron+ adv v+ adv + n aRer
Thewren&areloclocked in a bitrer legal httkouer -urn
books. 2 to g ~ v esblsth too much or too t h f v t u s et~hetwins. b 'lockup n a small prison where primers are I76 -ahead
kept for ashort time -- oulonlwer
many responsibillt~es:We've k m Ioaded down A, -h,+-,+,, r -F -around wwr
T +M?a h LOCK-UPat LOCK U P ,LOCK STH UP -at
with mrk m t l j - murd
Laad sb,sth dm is usualtyused in the ,lock 'In on 8th =LOCK orno STH Jmck sth 'up 1(also ,lock st+ a'wnyy)to put sth -w
valuable in a W e place and lock ~ tL:ock y a w 178 -through
passive. be ,locked 'intosth (aIsobeeomelget,I- ualrrablesupinihesafe.22tngth) to investmoney ---back -10
'Into sth) to be in a particular situation, or In 8th and not be able to turn it into cash to d0WR
*6 v+nl~mn+sdv v+adv+n behave in a particular way, that you cannot spend:Huge sums of m?uyare h%ed UP in m dovm on 'UP
sionfunds. EL!i eapltal, money EG)tle 8th up
,load 'up (wlth sm),,load sth 'up(with 6th) to EtZf.3 In this meaning Iwk 6th u p is nearly -for --upm
upon
always used inthepassive. in -fwwardto

ev+nlpmn+adv * v+adv+n -in

put a lot of things &on sth, especiallya vehicle: cyh-adnEgef:Tyh.el"".* Older hiosrlsoecskceadn@ lacvked into Jook a'bout;,look a'bwt sth: ,look a'bout
Bring tlpemr to the door and m'll helpyou load yDU (BrE) = LOOK AROUND, LOOK AROUND STH,
up. o I b m k i up the can with a12 mypospessions, * 'uwu'"
o We've w e d up ail fbfurnitwe and are just be + prep LOOK AROUND YOU
Joek 'ontost41(also,luck'In on sth)if a weapon
h u t readvmao. logIIW;~ m ~ 1 3 :lga,w (-1 , b k a'ertwsfwer(auto sb/sth) to lwk quickly
h a d load Bth are used more & that is sent throughthe air locks ontosththat it
qucntlywith this meaning. is aimed at, it fmds It and follows it: The mrssile ,fog'Ln'on;,log'Fddonto sth (computing)to a c m s a rwm:I Iwked m s s to where they were
can Jmk ontua targmfmm a k i l o n w t r e a ~ . siittw. o Sheknew fwasthere, butahedidn'tlook
&v+adv v+adv+n r v*nlpmn+sdv perform the actions that allow you to begin
EEi target over atme.
using a computer system:Igot an rnm m p
&v+adv
loafl l e ~ m E l o # f ! Luck oata ath can be used in the paasive: when I tried lo log rnton. o Thep m d aliows
the u.w to Iog intothe system. ,look 'after sblsthryoumeff (mmhlluB m 1
The mlsstlewas LwMonm the target
,lotaai'bfmoaui'rnte,o,aluolnaazfdya:',wblooaayu.ftdraot'hirno)g(u&vnefrodyrsmlitta+h+l)(:tBokrsEfpadelnW~sdoy, onIurdg'Im6k EEI system, m r k , eomputermPP) lw eflt to make sure that sWsth is safe; .take care oE
+ pp, + + prep
sblsth (ah;o,roeksb'.th 'outorrthj out:log offlDvt of 8th sbkth: His pwmhare h k i n g @&rthe FhildrPn
'out =Log: intolonto sth can be used in the pat- fir the rueekend o She dwsn'i h k af!er her

:~p"~~~.g clothes. o -hie will h k &r the vlsitim. o
They'reold enough to look @er themseiues now
.nut with nothing Cn do a Shejvst loafs omund hnd k k e d me out. 2 to prevent workers fmm ~ ~ ~ i ~ m ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ w ~ ~ ~ ~tern:Iwas logged onlotheInternet.
thesfmetsailda* entering their place o f work until they agree to & v + a d u + v+prep
Q v + & + v+prep
,109 'offr'out+,log 'offroul of sth (computing) (= they don't need any help).o Wouldyou mind
to perform the actlons that allow you lo fin~sh Iooklngafermy bugfor a rninule?~&you m n
using a computer system: ??ylogging off and
-h k qfteryourself (= when saying goodbye to
loggingon again. sb). Take care af sb is used in American
and Britlsh English wlth the samemeanmg:My

mother is going to look flerllake core of the Xi&

--" ~,............+....-~ m ~ loak"..m...,..u...d..,,..

while w k a m g In mom formal language you He Lr@ school withoutany quul#atbns, but look been Ewkfngfoc2tosearchfor sth;to .trytoh d ,look '&used to tell sb to be m w f ~ l@, ally
can also use care for sb:Hisjob involves mring at Rim now! (= he is very successfU now)4 sth: They wre lookingforan mlution Othe when there is some danger:Look out! There'sa
Money doesn't always bring hnppiness -just mr cornIW.o You'regoing to burn that fd
for theewrly +seealso BRING SB U P 12 to make Iook at Ian (=he is richbut not happy). problem, W 5 e e k 8th is only used with this don't look out.
EZB watch out
sure that thlngs happen to sb's advantage: He's QV + P ~ ~ P meaning in very formd language, or in news-
goodatlooking after his own intemsfs. ev+adv
'look at sth 1to read sth, usuallyquickly,with- papers.
Look after sblsth can be usml In the pas- out seadingall the details: She sat in the waiting ,look sth '& (for rb/$t+t)(Brm to search for
sive.He& tobtpmperlyhkdaftm Qv+m something Wm among your possessions: I'll
0V + P ~ ~ P m m , looking o f a magazine, In this mean- b k fw ' W b k to behave in a way that is ltmkoutthat bookforyou.
Look sth oatcannotbe used hthepassive.
,look 'afterfh (&&) to deal with sth; to be ing look at 8thcanbe used in the passive:Don't ltkely to causean argument,a fight,etc:Are you Q v + a d u + n * v+nlpmn+adv
responsiblefor s t k Theiraccounlant IooRs &r hand the form in until it's been h k e d at by a
teacher 2 to think about or study 5th:Haw you lwkrngfor trouble? ,look ' o d far stuyourself to take care of
IheflRUtIcidsideof things. h k d of the possibility of adopdng a child?+
E3 attend to 8th (moreformcrD Thefilm l o o h at the events leadil: up lo the w m b un'looked-for cdj not expected: shrywrself and think about their/youp own
interests:Once he was ln London he A d lo look
Lmk after sth can be used in the mssive: In this meaning,lookat 6th can 'be used In unlookedfors m s s
thc passrve: Four msslble mules wem hoked at outfor hirneey o Emily's bmthrs alwuys looked
Everyihing's being h k e d O&K * Take care af for thenew road.3 l oconsidersth ina particular b k 'fornard to sth: ,look 'fo-d to
way:VyouIookafitlikethat i t ' s a m t h z n g w c dolng 5th to feel excited about sth that 1sgoing outfor her
s$h is used in American and British English dtdn't go. 4 (InJormnfi (always used in the p m @v+adv+prep
wlth the same meaning. gressiw lames) to have to consider or deal with to happenbecause you expect to enjoy It:Areyou
6th; tobefacedwith5th: You'reIwkingaEDX7fu looking f o m r d to your Pip?o Im not looking ,look 'out for sbRlth 1 to try to h d sWsth or
Q v + prep ger the m r a e d . o he'sfound guilty he's imk- forward lo going 50 the dentist. o We're Iooking
rnguiask-yeorprison mlence. forward to the c o m t ? oI lookforwrd to hwr-
,looka%head(tosth)tothiinkabout what tsgohg
to happen m the future: The learn is h k i n g eu+prep ingfmmwu (= at the end o f a letter).
ahwd fu llPXl m n . o h k i n g ahead to t h
weekend.the weather ~ i l l s l a y p n e ~ ,rook a'ww(fmm OW$t h) tolook tn theopposite passive: Themsidentt'sousistght irsawngbme b [mkidnftoher- rneetsb ImIwking!outforPe&batl1didn"l
d m t i o n ; ta turn your eyes away h m sblsth: word to. Remember that to is a prewsition in hrm, Look outfor thisfilmoryour Iomlanema,
Qv+adv She h k d at him i h looked away oHe mum- this phrasal verb and must be follow& b y a noun
bled a reply and lookedawayfmm me. or the -ingformo f a verb. to try to avoid sth bad happeningor doing sth
,look a'round (BrE also ,M'mund) d (at
s blsth)to turn your head in order to see sWsth +r+a&v gv+adv*prep bad:Laok outforplckmkerS,
behind you: The w p l e in fmnt kept hoking
,look 'back (at/onnosth) to think about sth that +I Fv+3awdavt+cphroeput for sblsM
=mundnt us.o He lookedround to I w m still has happenedin yourpast:h o k i n g h c k ,I'm not
surprised she&l o He looked back on his time in gook 'In (onsb) to make a shortvisit to a place:I -lwk0ut n 1 a nlacewheresb watchesfmmto
there. 2 (for sblsth) to examme various choices Enghnd with u armof wsiabgia. asked&& fa h k inon her grandmothwon her see ifthere is danger:a IwkoulposUtower 2
or possibilities:W e k looking around for a new Qv+a& way home. o The doctor will Lmk in again this a person who watches for danger: The burglars
m nevahot look 'back ( i r t f o m l )to become
more and more sucoessful:He smtdPd luork on a evening. postedu lookoutouts& the house.
+v+adw market srai! in 1970and he'snever looked bzck
Qv+adv ,look 'outonlover sth(of aroom,etc.)tohavea
,look a'round; ,look a'round sth ( B E a h ,Iaok 'downto turn your eye3 downwards to the
,lookW n d , ,look'mundath)tovisitaplace ma flwr, especially because yuu are embarrassed, ,look'Intoath to examhe sthorconsiderlt care- v ~ e wof sth:Our roomhkedoutwerthesguare.
building as a tourist: Take your i i m h k i n g s h e~tc:TheUttkboyblushedand look&down. o fully: Thewmrnirtw .& looking into the matter o Qv+adv+prep
around.o Tfnq'uegone to Iwii round Ihe colh- She h k c d down at her ha& The mnnager is looking inlo your complaint.o
edml. o Ismnt thedny Lmking around thetown. We're lookrng into the possibillv of moving lo ,look 'ovw (atr(o sM=)toor n c ~ o s s t o v ~ ~
+v+adv v+prep Qv+adv France. AT^ SBtSTH)

,look a'mund; ,look a'round 8th; ,look ,look 'downon sblsthto mnsidersblsthasless Look into 8th can be used In the passive: ,look 'over sth 1to make a tour of a plaoe: We
a'mund you IBrE also ,look a'boutrmund, good or Important than yourself She tends to u w r e ~ v r ~Lfmokowrthenew chsmwms. 2 to
look downonpeoplewho haven't beera locollege. o Thrssii~urtionshoukble looked hie. read sth quickly: I need 60 I w R over my now
,lookaWboutl'muntlsth,,look a'boutl'mutwJyou) They [wkeddown an our littlehouse. wore the lest. o Your tutor will h k over your
Emltook down on sblsth can be used in the ++v+prev work withyou.
to turn your head In differentdirectionsso that Q v +prep
you cansee sth or seewhat is them:Shecum into +passive: He wasI w k d down on a1school. ,took 'on q to watch an event or an incidentwith-
the room, look.& around, then went out. o H e v+ adv +prep out taking part in it yourself:Paople h k e d on In ,look sb/sth 'over to lnspeaor examhe sblsth
hooked round the classmorn angrilj o l Iwked aktrm as the mr &an to mll down the hill. o
a b u t meal the otherpwwngem. 'look For sbfsth to search for sWsth,either PMsers-$y just looked on as he was attacked. 2
because you have lost themlit, or because you (wlthsb)(AmE) toshareabwk,etc,with another to see how good, big, etc it ia:He b k e d #wpaiM-
+v+acb v+prep nPPd themlit:Sw's been hkingforyou. o a n I ingonerca&ully. o ollike thedoclorto h k him
help you?' 'YB,I'm lmkingfor rhfsshrrt in blw.' person in a group: Themaren'temwh books so over o We'll get a mechanic to h k the mr over
'look at s m h 1 to turn your eyes towards (= in a shoplstore) you71huw lo Iwkon wrthyourneighbor
sblsth so that you can see themlit:Don't look at Seek sblsthis only used with thismeaning before lw buy it.
me like thotlo What ore you Wking as? 2 to in very formal languageor innewspapers. Qv+A
examine sthlsb cIosely:I'd likethe doctor so look F 'mlookern a pmon who watches sthwithout FE)check sUsth mccexarnlnn sbMh
at him. o Can you Iook at this watch for m?I ~V+P~P kmrnbng involved in it:A m w d of onlookm =When look sbhth over is used with the
think it meht be broken. W In this meaning, pronouns d and them referring to things, these
look at sWsth can be used In the passive:I took ' I mk for sth 1to hope for sthor expxt sth: The formedoround thefight.
t h e m l o t h e m toget it lookedat. 3 { m l l y mminers will & loOkfngfbrgoodgmmmrand pronouns mn a h come after aver: We'd ffkea
lrsed in neguliwe s e n t e m or guestiom) to w n - spelhng. o Thiscould bejust the opmrlunity he's 'look on sbsth (ah'lookupon NIthmorefir- mechaniclolook owr I!for us.
sider or be prepared to accept sblsth: Thgr
wukfn'tewn look at someone wantingplH-tim mat)[+ advlpnp] to consider sWslh in a particu- Qv+nlpmn+adv v+adv*n
work. 4 used to draw sb's attention to sblsth. lar way: I h k onyou as myfriend. o She h k e d
oftenasan examplethat you want themto follow upon theassignment as a challenge. o IIookedon ,look 'round(Br0 =W O K AROUND
Ifleinadi.@renlw a y m r fhni. o S h e w a s a l w s ,look 'round:,look ' m n d d h (BrB = LOOK
or not follow:I wuldn't Dke d a d vfrom her -
lookdon with distrust. AROUND, LOOK AROUND STU
just look at Ihenressshe'smd~ofher own life!o
Look onhpon s k t h can be used in the ,look 'round;,look 'round sth: ,l& 'round
passwe: Thejobwaslooked upon aaglnmomus.
WU (Br,%) = LOOK AROUND, LOOK AROUND STH,

+V+WP 1,OOR A R O U N D YOU

look through IIX....................1..7..8................... IXI...................*,,.,....................*,,...........-.......*11 .....-....-

,look through sbtolookatsbandnotshowthat ,loom 'up to appear as a large shape that is not lumpWPI
you have seen or recognized them:I smilerd at
clear. often in a way that seems highteningor ,lounge a'boutra'round ,lounge a'hut, Jump A and B to'gether,'lump A wlth B;
him,buthejust l m k e $ m i g h t thivughme. threatening: A dark stiupe Iwnaed up out of the a'round sth to spend your time in a relaxed 'lump A In wlth B (inlorma0 to put or con-
Q v +prep way doing very little: She ulas alwys loungrng sirler two or more people ar things together m
fog. about while !he resl $I us were workinglo They the same group: A large n m h w of p h t s are
,look 'through sth 1to read sth quickly: She were loungingaround the hotel pool. lumped togetherunderthe nameof 'herbs:o You
Loom up is u s M y followedby an adverb laze around, faze aroumlsth; Ile mboutr can't lump the elderly and the di.wb[sd together o
look& through her nuts Mra the a m .2 to or a phrasebeginning wfth a prep0sItion:Aman around,Ile akutramund sth
h m e d up out of the darkness. + Loom 1s also Youcan't lump theelderlywith thedmbltd.
read sth quickly: I Wed through the papr used with this rneanmg. +v+a& *v+prep
while I was l u a i t e . 3 to examine a collection of W Lump sblsth together is often used in the
Touse~ U S I
things or what rs inside sth: What amyou doing Qv+adv passive.
,.lo-use d h "0 (sInng) to spoil or nth sth:He
h k r w through my bog? loused up m y j r o m o t i o n ~ h n ~ @v+dprwl+adv + v+a&+n *

ev+prep v+nlpron+pmp v+n!pmn+adv+pv

' b k to sbl~thVosrthttodosth)torely onsWsth ,loosen 'up (idormar)to h o m e more relaxed )IIH) mesa ath upIBrE) 'lustafter sb@ftendisspprouSng)to feel a strong
or expect sbto provide sth or do sth: Theyb k d andcomfortab1e:Hehganlolm~allde~ @ v+adv+n v+nlpron+adr sexual desire for sb
to usfor help. o We must l w k to other means to the awning.
Lust aftersbrn be used in thepassive.
genem&thefun& weneed.o Mmy studentsmn't Qv+adv
Juck 'Into sth ( A M , Iqkormal) to get sth you @ ~ l w+prep
h k to therr~rentsforfina11~inIs~pon. ,loossn 'up;, W n sbhth 'upto relax your
muscles orpartsol the bdy,ormakethemrelax, want by chance:I lucked intowmfm llckets. 'lust aftartfor 5th tohavea strongdesiretopos-
turn to sb before taking exercise, etc. I sworn a short dls- sess or have sth: She was lusting afWKor
tunw to lwsera up.o A massage will help loosen QV+PW revenge.
eV+WP you up o These a & s luiB loosen rap your -Lust aftertfor sth can be used in the
shauldm. ,luck 'OM(AmE,ii@rmoO to be very lucky: We
'look to sth (espmialbl y E ) f to think about lucked out in a b.Q m p o We swlb lucked out
something that wlll happen in thehture. Weam Qv+adv r v*ntpmn+adv + v+adv+n

baking to the future with c a W r r c e . the
future 2 I l o r m l ) to make sure that sth issafeor
in good condition; to think about how to mprove

sth: YoushouMhkropwownhhauiourhfore with the h e t h

+crtticiring others. ,lop &I 'off;,lop 8th 'OHsth t to remove sth Q v+adv

v + prep from sth,especially branches from a tree,by cut- lugP O I (-8s) lu'xurlateIn sth (formnn to takegreatpleasure
t ~ n git: Seueml bmnches hnd k e n loppedM (the in 6th that ISvery pleasantand relaxing Ilwruri-
,look 'up 1 (from sth) to raise your eyes: She ,lug sth a'round(BrEatso ,lugsth a'- ,lug
Iookd upfmmIaer h m k andsmiIed.2 (Srdbrmab tree). o Thv l o p ~ z o opff theprice of each unit. sth 'mund)(with you)(iqfnrmf) to carry o r pull +a M in a low,hot h t h .
(usuallyUS@d in iheprogressluetenses)(of a busi- sth large, awkward or heavy from one place to v + prep
ness, a situation etc.) to become better, to B chop am off,chop am off ~thc;ut sm OW, another, or everywhere you go: Can I h u e my
bng somwh@re?li'suery hmvy to lug omund.
improve: Things started io h k upfor me omI cut sfh off sth 2 to make 6th smaller or less: The
gotajoh o B1~51mis b k i n g upal ti&. EE3)any stharound (ayou) (moreforman,
new mil link has l o p H an hour ofl thejournej
Qv+adv lE3) knock sth off, knock rth eff slh cart sth arwnd (with you)

Jmksb 'up(ir6fwmclT)tovisit orcontactsbwhen &v+nlpron+adv v+adv+n v+nlpron+prep +v+nlpmn+ah v+adv+n

you are in the place where they live, m i a l l y lordoaf AmElsxdl
+when you have not seen them for a long time:
'lord it owr sb tobehavein a superiorway to sb: lullmnl,
Lmkmeuprmttimeyou%inLondon She likes to lord it over thejunbr stclO:
DBElL w k sb up cannotbe used in the passive. ,lull sb 'Into 8th;,lull sb 'Into dolng sth m
v +nlpron + adv v+ adv+ n(IessJtequem) &v+if+prep make sbfeel.confident and relaxed, especially so

look slr ,up and 'down tu lwk at sb suspi- loseIIUZI(lest,lortd ~ ~ t ; ~ m b s t / ) that they do not expect it when 5thbad happens:
clously or in a carefulor critical way Don't let slllressin the lest lullyou into thinking
you do not need tomork hard. o His calmmanner
,Iwk sth 'upto searchfor a word or someinfor- 'losey w m H In sthtobecome sointerest4 in lulled me into afatse semofswfirity (= made
mation in a dictionary or another book:I h k d sth that you are not aware of anything else: I
the wrd up in f h e d i c l w m o Hang on, IPjusi s w n lost mYW[f in thet!w&mmtof theplay. +me feelsafe with him when I was not).
@ v+ pron+prep v + Wpmn +prep
look tcp her telephone n u m k r

ev+nlpmn*adv v+adv+n Jose'out(onsth)(lnformlt) ~ b u n s u c oIne ~

Joak 'up to sb to admire or respect sb: SIX getting 8th that you want or think you should lumberrlunwr)~
a l w s looked up toher olders&lm: have: Some yourtg&~s are tnking &ty Jobs and
W h k up to ab can be used In the passive: losing out on xhooling, o thtngsgo m n B , Yrn beget'lumberedwith rbbth(BYE,i r d o r ~ D
She rvaslwked up toby the ast of herfamily. the one who'll lose out. o While the stoms make to give sfi a responsibility or a problem that they
brgprofits, it'sthe custamerswho l w o u l . do not want and cannot get rid of: I'm sorrjr
@v+adu+prep you've haen lumbered with drrulng me hame. 0
Qv+adv Them u l e wus about sb who w s a murder and
'look u p o n sbisth =LOOR on SWSTH themgetslumbered with t?!e &mi mn's child.
,loss 'out to ssbrnsth (InJimul) to not get the
@belSet+~+PWP
business you expectedor hoped ta get,because

J-rn a'head if sth dangerous, difficult or sbelsehasgotit: SnnaElsOm!JorabSi?Ig~~ttOIhe
unpleasant looms ahead, it is likely to happen
soon:Furiher problemara kwmttwohead. big supermar*ets.
@ v + adv +prep

~ " " " " ' . " .."...."".....".............................""".."..""181 make up fo-r---.

( how did you m c h that conclusion)?W ,make sth 'up 1to Lmrent sth, often in order to
Mnke ~ W s t hout cannot be wed m the passive
deceivesb: He was making up siorisfir the chil-
e lIn thrsmeaning. d m .o She made up on erccusefor being l o t o
v+adv+n + v+pron+adv v+n+adv(less
Did you think I rwsmnlcIng rt all up?BEi story,

make for8th (miused in t h e p m w m) fmq Wflt) s x c w e ~ l kt much more common to say
makeupa story thaninvent astOry.2 ,malt9'up
to help to make sth possible; to produce a par- Z v + a & + n v+ntpmn+adv
,magic sblstb a'wayf up(BrE)to use @to ticular result: The rumhour journey to work sth to form a particular part of sth:Rice makes
make sbtsth dhappearor appear; to make sblsth makesjbra longday.o The [nrgeprint makesfor p ake sth 'outtowrite out or completes form or up a l o v e pon oJ thew dret. o Womenm k e UP
disappear or appear so quickly or suddenly that easter rerrdina. clwument: He made out a ckquefir £100 o Who
it seems as if you have used magic:I wish my d ~ o iIl make the c h e ~ wout to I= whose name 55%of thestudentpopulation. BE)account for
Qv+m ahallIwriteon it)?o Shnlllmahthe inwiwout
problem muld be just magickcd awy.Q Sumh sth; constitute 8th form0 9 ,make 'up sth,
mnwked up a wotide@uI m w l in a wry shoe 'makesb/sth Inta sthto changesWsthinto8th: lo the cumpoq?o Wouldyou make out a list for
time. They made the extm b e d m m into Q bnthraom. o me OF everyOne who'scuming? ,make M h e m 'up to put sth together from sev-
You'mtrying t o m k t herintommelhings& isn't,
6 v+adv+n. v+nlprm+adv o T h e i r s l o r y t s k ~ n g m d~e n wamouie. FQl cheque,llst eral different th~ngs:the culturesa d Mces that
In informal spoken language make sb oat make up the nation o Themume i s made up of
mall /mew IBB rum sblsth Ento 8th
6v +dpmn+prep uth canalsobe used: I'IEmakeyououta 1191. five moduIes. E 5 mnstltute nth: lse wm
,mailsth 'off(toab)to send sthtosbbypostmail: p r w d of sth VormoO A noun must always
I m a i k d o ~an applimtionthe mat@ 'make8thof sbisthtohavean impressionor an @ v + a d v + n * v+n/pmn+adv
understandingof sblsth:Whatdidyou mrrke of follow up, but apronouncomesbetween theverb
letter, package EB p s t 8th dli (Brm, thtplay?o P never knew quite what to make of F a k e s M h *over( i t b f o m l ,especially Am6) and Up.+W R CQ~NSlST OF STHISB, CONSlST OF
Nick. o The informlion rw have Is so m n f - , In change sb/sth to give themlit a new
send sth of((to sb) DOING STH 4 to complete sth, especially a num-
+it'shnrd bomnke anyfhingoJ rt. nppearance; to change sth to give it a new use: ber or an amount: We need one more p h t r to
You can alsouse maila letter,etc, but this v + nlpron+prep They dmlded b make over the whok h o w when moke up a team. 5 to replace sth that has been
oftenrefers to the action of putting the letter in they moved in. lost: We n.wd to make up lost time, o He luas In#
themailbox: Howmuchdoesitmst smut[ab m ,make'off(with sth) (lqformaftio hurryor rush @v+adv+n + v + n m + a d v lor work but he made the time u p thefillowing
away, especidy when sb Is trying to @scamor day. 6 to prepare sth; to make sth ready to use:
in Ituiy? b ' r n a w r n the process of fmpruving the
has stolen sth. T h e y o u l h s ~ o fInf asdoIenwr: Thepharmclcrsl mnde up the prescription (= the
Qv+ntpmn+adu + v + a & + n o Ruo boysmndeofl withour bags. nppearance of apersonor a place: Shewona corn- medicme). o She made up a h k e t of food for the
pCte m a k e o w ( = new clothes,hairstyle,etc.) ino
,ma11 5th bout to send sth to a lot of different 4 See ak0 MAKE AWAY WlTW STH picnic. o The M ' s already mnde w.-In
mmpetltwn. informal s p k e n language make sb up sth is
people or places a t the m e time: t k t ~ ~ b g z x s also used: Conyou make us upopocked lunch?
will be mailedout m a t w k . F a k e sth 'orer to sb to legally give sth you

$v+adu own tosbelse:HemMtehIsesla~ow~hiseIdest e v + a d v + n + v+nlpmn+adw
msandsthwt mn. o The government has mu& a h i of its
Mail sth canalsobe usedwithtRtsmeaning. ,make 'out(t~~jimm4l)usedto ask sbh m they ~v+&+R
3v+adu+n + v+pm+arhr
Q v+nlpron+adv 4 v+adu+n have managed or survived in a particular situ. Wwerover lo the regiom.o Thehoust?wus mde

ation: How ure yW making out In your new i m r lothe charity threeywrsag~. make up y w r 'mindZo decidesth:I likebotn
IEE estate, money
b m ? o 'Didyou make out all right in the inter- dresses -I m ' t make up my mind. o Have you
@ v +nlpron + adv +prep v+ a&+ n+prep yYuouur'llmninewdsrwphnelrme tdaeghoifmarloyosutaryh-onheyB-
'major In 8th ( A m to study 5th as your main view? 'Yesf,ifine.'Z (with sb) (AmE) to kiss sb: I made up
subjectat a universityor college; to get a degree sawhermakingout mithB~IIy. F a k e towards sblsth togo in the dlrsction of
in that subject:He majomd in chemistry moon? a
+v+adv
Q~+P~P nblsth:imwthemmaking WwordstReexi2. -mmd's mnde up (- he has definitely decided to
...,make ' w t (that ...), , m a b sblstmurself
'outto be to claimthat 5th is true that may +v+prev go). o Oomeon it's makegour mind yp time!
b made-'up adj invented;nof true or real: It uras
1ake 'up;,make sblsth 'up;,make your- a: t r w s t o v , note made-up one.
not h;to try to make people believe sth: She self 'up C&rmto put substances on yourlsb's + s e e a h WADE-urat M A K E UP,MAKE SB~STHUP,
mnde out (that)she was turning a forturn. cr
rycs, lips and face ta make them or yourself MAKE YOURSELF UP

Things a m n l asbadas he makes out, o T h brc- attractiveor to prepare for an appearance in the c 'make-upn 1the dtfFemtthings,people,qual-
ities, etc that combine to form something:
-aw&ywrth 181 -0var chummade thepkia out lo be a quiet resort. o He theatre, on television, etc:It Fakes her on hour to Aggression ispart of our geneticmake-up. o The
make up beforegoing onsmge. o She- wuntry has a complicaled ethnic makeup 2
-fm --mto makes hkimwU oui to be n big shot in the c&& o ages ( A m Aa schml test that you were not present for
lW,-ardS The hoded wm'tquite what u urllsmadeowfto be
-I& mnking hemy up. o Thechildrenhad been made
-*UP (=itwasnot a s g o d asthe brochuresafditwas).
--01 up b r +rivp+toa d~ vm kI ivk+enclpl mo wn+sa. dv v+adv+n
oft 4

-out 182 -upto +v+adv v+nlpron+adv+to~ni b .madr'upadj wearing m l o d s u b s t a n m on and that you take later: Themake-upwwrll be on
Fridoy. oo make-up mest
,make a'way with 8th (b@ormaOto steal slh ,make sb!sth 'out 1 to manage to see sblsthor the face: o heauiiy &upfafe 6 She's QlLuoyS +See a h MAKE-UP at MAKE UP,MAKE SWSTA UP,
and take it away with you: Thkm made a w read 9th: I could jwi make out Ihe shupe of a mmfi lly made-up.
with a cornpuler and lwoteIeviswm. MAKE YOURSELF UP
h o r n in the darkness, o CMI you make out his + S W ~ ~ M A D E - U P B ~ M A K8TEH UP
+ S @ ~ ~ ~ O M AOKFFE (WITH STH) Isondwriting?~She auld just make out the ,make 'up for sth;,make 'up for doing sth
sound of ddistml U D e I ~couldn't m k e out c 'makeup h IU1substancesthat pwple put on
@v+adv+prep what he was saying.2(us& in negadiussen- their eyes, lips and face t~ make t h d v e s to do orprovide s t h gomltohlance orreducethe
orid questions)to understand sblsth; to see the moreat!mctive, or that actors,etc. use:toput on effects of sth bad:I h u g h t myself a new d m h,
'make for sbisth to move in the d M i m of make upfor notgenznglhejoh o m twoyears
reasons why sth happens or why sb behaves in your mk.+up o a make-up bug
sblsth:Hejumpedupond~ ~ o r t h e d worSche in prison Ws M W muking upfor lost time (=
mndesfmightforme the way thai they do: She muldn'i make out Ih@. +see o k o MAKE-UP at MAKE sTn UP doing the things he was not able to do whlle he
EE)headi o r h w a r d r tth expressionon hisfaceas &$spoke.o I can't make was m prison&
her our at all. o He mrrldnY make out what luas m a k e 'up;,makeIt 'up(wlthsb)((BrE) to end a
+V+P~~P clriaml or ad~sputewithsb:Lm'skissandmaRe +EE)compensate(for ah) (mmfirml)
going on. o Youneed lo opptyfor aprmit, asfar up. o He$ mnde it up with hismmnls. v +adv + prep
us I ma make out. o How &you make that out
Qu+adv 4 v+it+adv



Phrasal verbs are typically used with particular nouns. It is a good idea to
rrcord these. This will helo you with context and accuracy, e.g.
Sornetlrnes when you meet a multi-word verb, you can understand the meaning if
you understand the verb and particle individually. For example, one meaningof I to fionrd^,oouutJr.~Ia so!urran to play 1downBJQ hlem or th E
to phase in d tofill in a.cAlu. .cum..e.nt or form
put down is to place something somewhere: lock put the books dawn on the table. to make up a to break off newtiations or f~
But what does it mean in the following sentence?She's olwayr puttingpeopIedawn.
to butt in on a conversoti~n
It does not mean that she places people somewhere, but that she is alwap
criticizing them. When you see a verb followed by a particle but you cannot Iou can use the common subjects or objeck given in the dictionary to help you
understandthe meaning in the context from the meaningof the verb and the
particle, you have found an idiomatic phrasal verb. do this.

If you find other combinationsof verh and particles which seem to have a different Organizing PhrasalVerbs
meaningfrom the verb used on its own, this is likely to be a type of phrasal wrb too
When you record the verbs there are wayz of organizingthem that may make them
Verbs which are always followed by the same partide are another type. (For more casrer 10 remember.
informationon the types of phrasalwfbs found in this dictionary, look at pagevi). a Organizing by pcirlicles

It is useful to learn these combinationsof verbs and particlesas a chunk of language.
It is also essential to learn the context the verb usually appears in. For example, put
down in the sense of crificize is used with a pemn or peopleas the object.

Recording Phrasal Verbs The particleswhich appear wlth ' U r w K I ~ I T U9,67 rrrru. crrrnr rrlto,

The firsi thirig you need to do is to phrasal verbs often have a general crowd into
find ways of recordingthe phrasal
verbs you meet. It is a good idea to - meaningof their own, which can 1: gr.ar1Io.1w:m.,infoto,,ptuullrninitro?,toa,Immwakre.nri.roI ~ O
have a separate section for them in to fall asleep. often when helpyou to understand the meaning ng:
your vocabulary book. You should of the whole verb. For example. one
record the verb, its meaningand you don't intend to
an example sentence to help you meaningof the particle owr is 'considering. thinking about or examinin6 and this
remember the context. Look at the He usudlly drops off in
example in the box. front of the ftlevjston can help you to understandverbs like Eook over, talk over,go over, think over. read

You could also record a translation owr. The particle up is the most common particle with phrasal verbs but it has
in your own language but you must
make sure the context ir the same. mess around mrtdnt fhir'9$ several meanings e.g. 'increasing', 'improving', 'preparing', 'completing and

exampk I e.9. p u r Hfork finishing'. Therefore, you should try and record verbs under all these separate

I S exdm5 meanings. Look at the examples for the particle into above:

m u s e he was rnmsslng b Organizing by meaning grwrp5

aground instl ring. SomeTimes it can help you to

The position ofabjects - . -, - -- . - . m . - u remember verbs if you record them , , ,vu., fo qet cdrried dwdc to open up,
in meaning(or semantic) groups.
If the verb has an object, it is useful C .r F - This is because these verbs often to fall ULF :.to get on
to record the possible positionsof appear together in the same context,
the object. In this dictionary you for example 'feelings', "tvel', Trime'. with
will find this information about This means that when you need to
each verb after the definitions and talkor wrj,te about a particular to fdke 01 h:
examples. You can record the situation you will have at1the verbs
information as it is given in the to fouth down; to st('r " "
didionary, or by putting examples mmpbs: She jrjed oltt h e new w i p e on LTtmc: to get aw 5rea~into; to
in your notebook.
her ~hrldrcn. fUlG3 ;in; , wn

5hc tned 6 new rtxipc out on you may need together. For example:

her ~hildmn. c Urganizing b y o p p s h

=.

I . -7 .--+ - -* -7

Or you could record the verb as: try sth out, t ~ oyut dh Remember that when the '1 turn uphm down swit~han/swit~hoff ps o~~t/comreound
object is a pronoun, it must come between the verb and the particle: She triedit out b m K up/get fogether go awdy/come bring forwani/ptrt
on the children.

d Organizing by d i meanings a d ptimmr b~the same vwb

For example: make up F . ~ --
to m a b uJ r a ~vel rbs are often the usual way of expressing something in everyday language.

70 maw up your m~m. - to plrt on mdke-up Oiptidk, eye-4hadow. A r i n ~ l eword which means the same is often more formal. Look at this description

of an excursion from a printed brochure:
ImT~II~Iourt .- . .
invent sfi ,+ . ..

h m e Fit after an ar tmh'e?I coach will d e eat 09.00. Leaving the city, it will am1

mountain Ipasses to math the temple at 10.:$0.A local
:ng .--- -.gulde
_form or LOI .,, : ...:Is
.- pOI Mt.aI e +, m a nurn~ero jI.posst.oIt.Ir~.. will conduct the tour a.nob a.n.swer any questions that ar.ise-. rIiot
WIII Vis~rursW ~

e Ugonizing threewad & be admitted unless they are wearing suitable clothing, and w rll be expedtad to Fm_Vl!e

You may want to record together the verbs that are followed by an adverb and a their shoes before entering the temple. The group will Muty via the 'Lo: ;t Valley',
prepes~tiora.For example:
where lunch will be provided for those who have requested il

to ~ ubied on to ~ o t u~phon to 90 dlong w n h to stun4 in for 1ow look at this letter,
to fee/ up fo to ~ o m ein for fo get round to to look bdck on hich Penny wrote to
to get on with to lookfomdrd to lo take a m - from her friend when she got
to run out of back from her holiday.
In this letter the words
NB However you organize y w r verbs, it is eswnt~atlhat yw r e m d them in the same way, that are underlined in wcar l o n g - s l u d t o p and long h-ouacm or f i e f wouldn' f
that is with their rneanmg and context. the brochure text
h p v e u s . Ofmw,we hd ot-
LearningPhrasat Verbs would be too formal.
aboUt how w w w SUP+ to hhd* 4nd abod ffic hisfmy
These are some ideas far self-study that may help p u to learn and remember 'Use a form of one of
phrasal verbs, 4the place. C. 7hcpIe i t ~ (~5f absoIutely.b m i h f a t i q but
each of the phrasal
thdt l r t l ~ l Pih fhing k ~ a wec
verbs i n the box t o fill through whaf *ey dl f i e h i hlley'. Lunh mrtl

i Try to rend in English, especially informnl writing such as tabloid newspapers and the gaps in her letter:
novels, and underline oll the phrasal verbs you find. Check their rneoning in your . . --" s>7n-
=
dittionory and make a note io your vocabulary book as suggested above.
ask f or~ come back
ii Learn the verbs in orgnnized groups (as suggested on p $22-25) miher thnn
randomly. Constantly look back through your vocabulary book - forniliarity ond come up get.to
repstition help you to leorn more effectively.
go in lay on
iii Think of a particle and then tr)r and list the different 'meonings' that the particle
let in sri UII
has. When you have done this, see how mony verbs you can list under eoch
menning. You ton olso do this exercise with a friend. tf you can learn the shm ake off
meonings of the particles, it will help you to understand new verbs you come
across. The Guide to Particles ot the bock of the dictionary will help you with this. Recording phrasal verbs

iv Look ot the verbs you have recorded in meaning groups. Try to leora nll the verbs, Here are mme suggest~onsfor your own vocabulary records.
then in your head ar in writing, make up a story using os mony of the verbs as
possible. These 'ston'es' will help you to remember the context for the verbs.
try this with a friend. Tell each other stories ond corred each other if necessary.

v Write down ten exomple sentences of phrasoF verbs h o t you wont to learn, Then
on onother piece of paper write down a tmnslation in your own longunge.
Underline the verb in your language. One week later, take out your tronsloted
sentences. Look nt rhe underlined verb nnd try to remember what the pbrasol
verb equivalent is in English. This will help you to 'think' in phrasal verbs, rather
than using a more formal haanslotion from your language.

Oxford UnlnersityPrev