I y TeOrrOMrrOBO ,n:06a, Te MHOrH ,n:pyrH, Koje HaBO,n:e CTpa60H, nOAH6Hje, COAHH H ,n:pyrH, OrrHCaIlle 36HBruna y I1H,n:Ho H~iJuju, jH, nepcHjH, ErHrrTY H MHOrHM ,n:pyrHM KpajeBHMa. Je,n:HaKO nepcuju u TaKO HH faAHjH He Y3MaH.Ka H.e3HH rrHca~ ,llHacpop, Tpa Ezunmy. KHjH COKpaT, a AH6HjH XecHoHax. TeOKaA XYHH6aA,n: C BHIlle o Ta.nuju, TpaKuju o,n: TpH,n:eceT CBOjHX KH.Hra, BaCTaA,n:, XeAHraCTO, Ape6aA,n:, u Au6uju.. PHTXHMep, BeTaH, ,lloPaK, Kapa,n:aK H PyTBHK rrpOHeIlle rAac o <t>paH~HMa, ,n:aHac 3BaHHM <t>paH~3HMa. CBH cy TH Hapo ,n:H, ,n:aKAe, Koje CMO HaBeAH, Ha rAacy y l.J:HTaBY CBeTy jep cy ce, Kao IllTO peKOCMO, HaMepHAH Ha yqeHe lby,n:e, KOjH MHoro 3Hoja rrpOAHIlle, He 6H AH HX CBOjHM crrHCHMa rrpOCAaBHAH. VII Hapo,n: CAOBeHCKH, MeOYTHM, 6eIlle y TOMe je,n:HHH AOIlle cpehe. O,n: caMora ce rrOl.J:eTKa, HaHMe, AaTH CTaAHHX paTOBaH.a HapoiJ H ,n:eAa ,n:OCTojHHX Bel.J:HOr CrrOMeHa, HHMaAO He MapehH 3a TO cnoae~cKU . ~uje UMao ,n:a HX HeKO 3a6eAeN<:H y KH.HraMa. MaAO Je rrHca~a OCTaBHAO ceoje nu~e. crrOMeH Ha CAoBeHe, a H OHO IllTO cy OCTaBHAH THl.J:e ce yrAaBHoM paTOBaH.a C pa3HHM Hapo,n:HMa H HHje OCHOB ,n:a 6H ce rro,n:apHAa CAaBa TOM rrAeMeHY, Koje CBOjOM BOjCKOM 3a,n:a MHoro MyKe rOTOBO CBHM Hapo,n:HMa OBora CBeTa. HaCPHY Ha nepcHjy; 3aBAa,n:a A3HjOM H ACPPHKOM; rrOBe,n:e 6op6y C ErHrrhaHHMa H AAeKcaH,n:poM BeAHKHM; rroKopH fpl.J:KY, MaKe,n:oHHjy H I1AHpHK; 3aY3e MOpaBCKY, illAeCKY, qeIllKY, nOlbCKY H o6aAe EaATHl.J:KOr Mopa; rrpeoe y I1TaAHjy, r,n:e rroBe,n:e llYry 6op6y C PHMlbaHHMa, OCTaBIllH KOjH rryT rropaN<:eHHM, ,n:pyrH rryT OCBeTHBIllH ce H rro6HBIllH MHoro PHMlbaHa, a ,n:pyroM rrpHAHKOM paTyjyhH OCTa y oKpIllajy je,n:HaKHM lbHMa, Te rroKopHBIllH Ha Kpajy PHMCKO UapCTBo 3aY3e MHOre lberoBe rroKpajHHe, pa30pH rpa,n: PHM H o6Be3a pHMcKe ~apeBe Ha ,n:aHaK, IllTO HHje ycrreAo HH je,n:HoM ,n:pyroM Hapo,ny Ha cBeTy. 3aBAa,n:a <t>paH~cKoM; yqBpCTH BAa,n:aBHHY y illrraHHjH H o,n: H.HXOBe KpBH ce po,n:HIlle rropo,n:H~e BHCOKora IIAeMCTBa, a 3Ha ce ,n:a PHMCKH rrHC~H HHCY ,n:apeN<:" lbHBH rrOXBaAaMa rrpeMa BapBapHMa (KaKO HX OHH 30BY) Kao rrpeMa cBojHMa. 360r Tora caM ce ja, H3 ocehaja .n:yN<:HOCTH KOjH Me BeN<:e 3a MOj CAOBeHCKH po,n:, ,n:pare BOlbe HaMyqHo KaKO 6HX pa3jacHHo rropeKAO H pa3Boj H.erOBOr ~apCTBa, rrpHKYrrHBIllH CBe OHO IllTO ce pacyTo HaAa3HAO 3arrHcaHO KO,n: pa3HHX ayTopa, He 6H AH TaKO 6HAO AaKIlle ,n:03HaTH KaKO CAaBHO H 3HaMeHHTO yaeK 6ejaIlle TO IIAeMe. 113 H.eroBor KpHAa H3aOOIlle y rrpOIllAO BpeMe MHorH H BpAO MohHH HaPO,n:H - CAOBeHH BaH,n:aAH, EYPryH,n:H, fOTH, OCTPOroTH, BH3HroTH, ferrH,n:H, feTH, AAaHH, BepAH HAH XepYAH, ABapH, CKHPH, XHPH, MeAaHXAeHH, EaCTapHH, nel.J:eHe3H, ,llal.J:aHH, illBeoaHH, HopMaHH, <t>eHH HAH <t>HH~H, YKpH HAH YHKpaHH, MapKOMaHH, KBa,n:H, Tpal.J:aHH H I1AHpH. 3aTHM cy BeHe,n:H, O,n:HOCHO XeHeTH, 3arrOCeAH o6aAe EaATHl.J:KOr Mopa, a 6HAH cy rro,n:elbeHH Ha MHore orpaHKe: nOMepaH~H, BHA~H, PyjaH~H, BapHaBH, 060,n:PHTH, nOAa6lbaHH, BarHpH, AHHrOHH, 100 TOAeH~H, Pe,n:apH HAH PHa.n:yPH, UHp~HrraHH, KH3HHH, XepyAH O,n:HOCHO XeBeA,n:H, Aey6Y~H, BHAHHH, CTo,n:epaHH H EpH3aHH, y3 MHore ,n:pyre Koje HaBo,n:H CBeIllTeHHK XeAMOA,n:, a KOjH CBH 6ejexy je,n:aH H HCTH CAOBeHCKH Hapo,n:, Kao IllTO he ce OB,n:e ,n:albe BH,n:eTH. He 6H AH ce OBO ,n:eAO IllTO BHIlle rrpH6AHN<:HAO caBpIlleHCTBY, HHcaM N<:aAHO Tpy ,n:a: BHIlle caM rryTa rrporrYTOBao I1TaAHjy ,n:a rrperAe,n:aM KH.HN<:HH~e y rrOTpa3H 3a rroTpe6HHM KH.HraMa, a HajBehH caM ,n:eo rrpOHaIllao y necapy y KH.HN<:HH~H rrpeCBeTAora rocrrapa BojBo,n:e o,n: Yp6HHa, Koja je, BepyjeM, Haj60raTHja H HajoTMeHHja, a Taj je KHe3 o,n:pN<:aBa H l.J:YBa BpAO 6pHN<: lbHBO H MaplbHBO. CBOjHM H3BaHpe,n:HHM rr03HaBaH.eM pa3 AHl.J:HTHX HaYKa H CBOjOM BeIllTHHOM y BOjHHM rrHTaH.HMa, pa36opHTOIllhy, rrpaBe,n:HOIllhy, rr060N<:HOIllhy H He6pojeHHM ,n:pyrHM BpAHHaMa KojHMa ce HCTHl.J:e, Taj KHe3 rro CBHM 3acAyraMa Ha,n:MaIllyje H caMO 06Hlbe CBora HMeTKa. npHKYrrHBIllH KOHal.J:HO Hajrro3HaTHjy rpaOY Koja ce HaAa3H pacyTa y MHorHM KH.HraMa, XTeo caM je 06eAo,n:aHHTH Ha rrOHOC CBer CAOBeHCKor Hapo,n:a, KOjH MOAHM ,n:a ,n:06pOHa- VIH MepHO rrpHMH Taj MOj Tpy,n: Kao ycrrOMeHY H ,n:OKa3 BeAHl.J:HHe CBOjHX rrpe,n:aKa, Kao jacaH 3HaK H.HXOBOra jYHaIllTBa H KOHal.J:HO Kao HeIllTO IllTO My rrpHrra,n:a. A aKO ce Haoe HeKO, KO 6H MOj Tpy,n: rraKOCHO H He3axBaAHO XTeo rrOKY,n:HTH, .n:yN<:HOCT he CAOBeHCKora rrAeMeHa 6HTH ,n:a ra CBOjOM pa3 60pHTOIllhy o,n:6paHH, Ol.J:YBa H O,n:pN<:H My yrAe,n:. OHaj, rraK, KojeM he ce MON{.ll:a rrpHl.J:HHHTH ,n:a OBO ,n:eAO HHje y rrOTrrYHOCTH ,n:OBpIlleHO, rrpHceTHhe ce KaKO cy ce pa360pHTH lby,n:H YBeK 3HaAH CMHAOBaTH H orrpOCTHTH rrHC~, KOjH ce rrpBH AaTHO HeKaKBor rpa,n:HBa HAH rrpe,n:MeTa. HahH he ce MON{.ll:a ,n:pyrH (6y,nyhH ,n:a je AaKO ,n:o,n:aBaTH Beh rOTOBHM cTBapHMa) KOjH he H 06HAHHje H pel.J:HTHje rrHcaTH 0 HCTOM rrpe,n:MeTy. ,llo Ta,n:a Bac, MHAOCTHBH l.J:HTaO~H, MOAHM ,n:a rrpHMHTe C 6AarOHaKAOHoIllhy OHO IllTO BaM 3aca,n: HMaM rro,n:apHTH. 101
IX x AYTOPH UHTHPAHH Y OBOM ,llEAY CKpeheM naJKli>Y 'IHTao:u..y ,lla ce Meoy OBHM ayTopHMa HaAa3H HeKOAHKO li>HX Koje je CBeTa PHMCKa UpKBa OCY,llHAa, a Koje CMO noce6HO 03Ha'1HAH; IbHX CMO ll;HTHpaAH je,llHOCTaBHO Kao HCTOpHjCKH H3BOP 0 CTBapHMa 0 KojHMa ,llpyrH CBe,llO'1e. ;"", , A ~tc.Tdt~~ A~'ti!Vr{pargCftfc . AJ11abio, ' .A&r3~ Oudio A(bmeoSifsone M•.A4atn°,. , AgatiaSoiimco Agollil\o Dottote ~"goO:in9 Morauo Aimone'Mon<lco Albeno Cantil) A.ibetto Stadenfe AlCiftildroGulI.ino Alefsandro Scultto Altlll'l!cro' . Ammlano Monato" Andrca~~~10DIU'3:'~O AI)dt(~ Cemdio . A.ndll!foSll:l'i'Q Aliii~i IfiIi.rifi.la ' AnnalfdJ.Ol~(\~ Aol'tali dlltaiifa ' Annalidi R:uui:l Annab 4~'.Tutdli Annll~rV~n(t~ :, AnnoB?> Monaco, Antonio Bofinio 4Qt1)n:io.(i ellfr\:9, p!'~modio'Sabelli(o MtQnio.S.(onco'J~Q AltoDioViPe.fanQ . Appi2t\O Att'Bandrino Arnoldo Abbate: . ArpontacQ Burdl:'salenk Arriano di Nicam~dia }.(. Aurelip<!afsiodoro' S.MlrttioVinore. , BAlda~a~ Spali~110 BcalQRcn:l!'l.q' r ,1 ~C~o,I" Bctnarqo OfuJl:iniario . B.ili~aldoPi~~~!m~no ))onl(aC10 S~Jte~ ... :Bulla ~'d.iO' >, . ,,,/"" >' \ ) 'BuJ.......o.iW>~ . ...., ' wW,", __ <,".~~;"!: .. t'\'" t C Alfurino5UliL CaHim~ apprdso PUnic CarloS,lgonio Callo Vigrit:fe ' Celio DQ.I)ato Ccrillia)lQ Cerate Saranio M. Cicerone . Cotrtdio Tldto Colbnril1o Porfi'iogC{lito Coft:unino Spandtlgino COrr.:ldo Bmgcnre Corrado Pcudngero Criuppo - Cronica de'Fnti Minorid Q.. Cunia. Chrii\of..oo Var«:uicgo. oAUiiChitreo. Qanna· to Amote.. Defcriti~d('l mOllQO Diodorq Siculo Diogenc Lac:rtio DionQ.Niceo Dionifio Punieo Ditltmaro McrApurgc:Ii: Domp:lj'ro Mal'ioN&g11O EGefipPol .. Egidio Tfdll./.dio Eginharto Mona!:o ElioCorclQ . EI io fparria no ~lafllado ManafJc ~~Ii:ome diStr.lbonc: ,llHtl:p(! ~t~l1a ' Eudocia Pancgiti!l:a EU3ippo M~;l\\ac4l.• Eutcbio F.uftami() .. Euuopio FAbioCderiano raralmllono<:irc<:o 'fatckolo d c'tempi. : Filippo Calh~o· 102 Filippo Lonicero. din.aut Flauio V'opifco i I., Horo . i FrancefcoBilio . ; Fr:mcefco B.1 IdiJl 0 Fr:mcc(co !tenico Francdco Scrdonati GAfparoHedione. dan. natoau[. Carparo Peucero Ga4'3toTigurino,dan.aut. Gtremia Rufso .' ; Gertardo Rudingero Gioanni Auball'o .. Gjoanni Auc:ntino. (lanlla~ toan/;•. GioanniBanifta Gio~nni BOlero Gioanni Cocleo GioanniCurop:\Iaro Gioan!li Dtlbrauio·· Gioanni di Ef..endii Gioanni' Herbu'no Gio3.rinib~iardo . Gioanni Magno Gotho Gioanni LeuncJauio, (lath nato aut: Giaanni }\l'al!dr:ro Gioanm VillalJo Gioanni St:ldio Gioanlli Goro},pcio Gio:mni Gobellino G ioannlMonact') GjOannl di,ThvudcZ ,Gigl,nni T.gutino Gioanni Pinero <; iacolll(5Cact:atdo Giacomo Meiero Giacomo ViR1l1nSJo Gia'COllIO Spigelio GIacomo Zieglc:~o, danoa. toatlfqfc.. Giotgio GCdreno Gio r~jot~britio. ctalU)a. toa~ ~ <>., •••. , b 'tt Cior~ ("HOfEiq Pachimao GOrglO Tirio Giorgio V \'crcfthuo Glofn;tlldo Alano Girolalll0 Donate Glrob 010 Blfdi Girolamo Rllfl;.;lli Gnilio Farahlo Giuliino GilHlloCordo' Godifrcdo Monaco, Gothfrido Viterbicn{e Gregorio Dotfote GuhchllO Canrer(J GulklmoFrilio Gumhero 1 1 0et:.l. H Arrnnnno Sche:d.d Hclmoldo Prete Henrico di Er\lordill HcrmannoContr:mo Hermanno Hamclman... no, Hcrm.1nno Schodcl Herodiano Hcrodoto Aliccrnafeo HuldlicoMut:lo. dannaro <1U Iore. Humbaldo I OJ~hi~O Curco 1S.lCio Tutze Ifidoro Hlfpalenfe Higonlo appte(so PHnto l(Iria(o Spangebergio. LAmoerro S,h1t'fnabur g~n!c Laonico C:akondila. dan.;. n:uo aut. L:\llf(:mio Suro Leonardo Aretina Libra ~c:lle C:ognitioni Libro delle p.1lU dl Prq;;tdi diR,;mfa LodouicaCcruino l.ucano Lucio Faur.no I~tI<:lo Floro Luigi Contarinc 1 II roido B:utl ~r~ic LU1.£ prando Ticjnim~e !vi Arc;eUr.o Conte Marlano 'cotO M.irino Barlcdo .M:.rino B'eil.:b.e1Xlio f. Mattino' .~ Manino Abbate' M.utUlo Crome,~ Martino Vdi:oQOC()fsl:nd no Manino Scgonio Martin'o Vagncto Marzlano Capella M;mhia Mt'c(::ouua Mal.ociliQ Mctcllo TI~\lrino MCfOdio lI.tl:orl'to ,M,chd RICCiO Mi.he;I Salonitano Moddlo NAzario Mamc:nino Ntcelora Gregora 1'.1 icere Coruato G. Nicolo Doglioni Nicolo M,ulci1co Nicolo Srobeo OLaoMagpo Ondimo Or:gmc ul"'(Jorhi QUone Fri~igenrc 1'. Ouidlo Na(one PholD Barnefrido 1':1:010 Diacono PaQlo Enulio Paolo Niucmonrano P.O!Q (jiouio l':loto Langlo Paolo Orofio Paolo Panna Paolo Sl.'.lligcm Pet:lOclo Picr Fran(cfcoGiambula. ri Pierro Arropeo • daallatO alllorc l'ietroBdlonio T'1I:tro Biz:no 1'11:1 [0 de Ca!l:ro Pete Pierro Crullbct P\I:,tro Ectlliino Pll'troGill!tinian<» Pi.. fro Liuio P Pi!t'o P40 Se:cOAdo 103 rhnto Plmarcn 'oUbio Por6rib' , POn'lpo\,\io Lcto Ptiuifc!ti di Catlt.O P[o~Q~io di CeCuea profpc.ro Aquitano i R..{faclov~er.ino Reginant'Abbate l\egiftrQ delle CrOn.icbe Reinl)ero Reinedo. daD nalO :Il; c.' , R.icardo Bartolino Rjnaldo BrinnnO RoberroGaguino Itobcn:oValwrio SAtlbnc Gramm:trieo Scbaftian Ml.lllftcro, du nato'aut. Scollftico Smirneo Scipione Ammiraro Scruio Sidol!110 ApotlinarQ Sigiberro Gt'mblaccic SlgifmondO Herberfltino Sllj;)erto G(fIebrar40 SoC[1fC Hdiorite SolinD Soz.i.meno Spec:ciodc'SalforU C. St~ti9. ~octa', , Stefano BluntiD.o. Strabane ' SnlfridD'Pictto Mittieate' SUlda <." , • Scplilncnto di Eutropi8:. SI;H~t~nio TranqniUo Sufndo'Mi{ncnle . ~ymma..:o. TEodcrico' TC:Odol'oSp:mdugino< Tcopoinpo ChiC) Tcodola Tiro'Liuio Tolomeo Aldrandtino. TOll)a£bendomo TrF&c!lio Poi1ioJ1c, Trogo Pompeo . Tflgetlone"Pat.\uillQ. Vafcrio M~r,~o.·. .IL VJlODt ~, I. V..
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1 ODHC CKAH,nHHABHJE KOJA JE BHAA .llPEBHA .llOMOBHHA CAOBEHA Co63HPOM Ha TO )].a rOTOBO CBH nHCUH BH'IHH nepy, KOjH OCTaBHIIle CBe)].OqaHCTBa 0 CAOBeHCKOM HapO,uy 3a 6y,uyna nOKOAeH.a, TBp)].e H 3aKThyqyjy)].a OHH nOTeKOille H3 CKaH )].HHaBHje, XTeo caM Ha nOqeTKY OBora )].eAa YKpaTKO penH HeillTO 0 H.eHOM nOAOJKajy, KaKO 6H OHH KOjH )].aHac npHna)].ajy TOM Hapo,uy, npe CBera CTaHOBHHUH ,UaAMaUHje H MAHpHje, 3HaAH C Koje cy CTpaHe CBeTa )].OIIlAH H.HXOBH npeUH. CKaH)].HHaBHja )].aK.I\e, KOjy MHorH 30BY CKaHUHja, 2 )].pyrH naK CKOH)].aHHja, CKaH)].Hja, CKOH)].Hja H CKaH)].H- CICaHcnmaeuja HOCUpQ3HQ 30Ha, CMeillTeHa je y ceBepHHM npe)].eAHMa. CTapH AaTHHH UMeHa. H fPUH rOTOBO )].a je HHCY n03HaBaAH, a onillTe je MHIIllbeH.e 6H.1\o)].a ce TaMO HaAa3H Ae)].eHH nojac 3eMlbe, ocyljeH Ha BeqHH CHer H HeHacelbeH JKHBOTHH.aMa; MaAO H.HX je CnOMHH.e, a HeKH CMeCTHille y Te npocTope cpenHe 3eMlbe H lby)].e ,uyroBeqHe H BpAO npaBe)].He Meljy CBHM CMPTHHUHMa, )].OK )].pyrH naK nOBepaBaille )].a ce Pa)].H 0 BeAHKOM OCTpBy. Ho nAHHHje, MeljyTHM, Ka)]. y IV. KH.H3H CnOMHH.e oCTpBa BaATHqKor Mopa, OBaKO 0 H>oj roBOPH: »Meljy THM je oCTpBHMa CKaH)].HHaBHja noce6Ho nAeMeHHTa H Heynope)].HBe BeAHqHHe-. A COAHH Y norAaBlbY 32.0 qy)l.HMa OBOra CBeTa KaJKe: .CKaH)].HHaBHja je CTpBO Bene 0)]. CBHX OCTaAHX OCTpBa fepMaHHje, TaMO HeMa HH'llera qy)].eCHor )].0 caMor oCTpBa«. Ho 3aTHM ce Ca3HaAO )].a CKaH)l.HHaBHja HHje OCTPBO, Hero BpAO BeAHKO nOAYOCTpBO, TaKO BeAHKO )].a ra Jop)].aHec AAaH CMaTpa noce6HHM CBeTOM, KOBaqKoeat{Hu~a HHUOM Hapo)].a H KOAeBKOM HauHja. .llyJKHHa MY je 0)]. jyra HQPoaa. Ha ceBep OKO 1.800 MHlba, a IIlHpHHa He MHOro MaH.e 0)]. nOAOBHHe Tora. OKpYJKeHO je ca CBHX CTpaHa BaATHqKHM MopeM, Koje )].pyrH Ha3HBajy, KaKO nHille AATxaMep y KO PQ3Ha T.J..M.eHQ BaJ!mut{IC02 MeHTapHMa TaUHTY, pa3HHM HMeHHMa - fepMaHCKO, CBeBMOpa. CKO, BpHTaHCKO. BaATHqKO, Bap6apCKO, nOMepaHCKO, 3 ApKTHqKO, BOpeaAHO, CeBepHo,Ae)].eHO, Ko)].aHCKO, BeHe)]. CKO, OCHM IIlTO ce C HCTOKa, roTOBO Ha KpajH>eM ceBepy, HaAa3e CKpHqmHUH H KapeAHjUH Ha rpaHHUH C MOCKOBlbaHHMa, KaKO nOKa3yje OAayc MarHYc y CBOM 3eMlbonHcy. OCHM Tora, yqeHH lbY)].H cMaTpajy )].a je TO CAaBHa TyAa, a CICaHOuHaeuja pa3A03H Koje HaBo)].e TeMelbe ce Ha OBOMe: nOMnoHHje Me je c:Jl.aeHa Ty.Jla.. Aa CMeillTa TYAY HacynpoT )].OH.e fepMaHHje; nToAeMej joj 106 107
.,..... o,npeljyje lIOAOJKaj Ha Ce,naM,neCeT If TPIf CTelIeHa IIIlfplfHe If ,nBa,neCeT If IlIeCT .ll;.YJKlfHe: ilpoKolIlfje lIlfIlIe ,na je HaCTaILyje TpHHaeCT pa3HlfX HapO,na H ,na ffiOMe BAa,na IfCTO TOAHKO KpaJbeBa, Te ,na je ,neCeT rryTa Bena O,n BpHTaHlfje. CTecpaH Blf3aHTlfHaI1, Ha3lfBa je BeAHKOM H CMeIlITa TaMO HapO,ne CKpHcpHTaHaI1,a, KOjlf ce ,naHaC 30BY CKPlfcpHHI1,HMa. I1CaK UeI1,e, TYMa'l AlfKOCPPOHa, KalKe ,na ce TyAa HMa31f IfCTO'lHO o,n BpHTaHlfje. CBe cy TO CTBapH Koje o,nrOBapajy CKaH,nHjH If HH je,nHoj ,npyroj. .llo,naj TOMe ,na ce je,naH ,neo CKaH,nHje If ,naH-,naHaC 30Be TYAcKa MapKa. BMTH'lKO Mope Koje je 3aIIlbycKyje HHje lIO,ll;ll.OJKHO lIAHMIf If OCeI1,lf, aAH je Y36ypKaHO H BpAO OlIaCHO. Ka,na CTpyja roffieHa BeTpOM ,nOAa3H ca ceBepa, Bo,na je TaKO CAaTKa,na je MopHapH KOPlfCTe 3a KYBaffie, a Y3POK je TOMe MHOIlITBO peKa If je3epa KOjH TaMO YTIf 'ly. CyrrPOTHO ce TOMe ,noralja Ka,na cTpyja ,nOAa31f ca 3arra ,na. 3HMH ce 3Me,n1f lIpeKO CBaKe Mepe, TaKO ,na ce lIOBPIlIHHOM Kpene HeKOM BPCTOM KOAHI1,a, Koja TaMOIlIffiH lby,nlf 30 4 By CAeHTeH (caHKe), a KaTKa,n 'lHTaBe BojcKe lIpeAa3e lIeIlIHI1,e ca CKaH,nHHaBCKor KOHTHHeHTa Ha OCTpBa. JaK06 UIfrAep, 0,n6aI1,HBIlIIf CBe ,npyre Ha3HBe, 3a,npJKa Ha3HB CKOH ,nHje IlITO, KaKO OH KalKe. 3Ha'lH lbyrrKOCT, TO jecT AelIOTa. To C1\.aHiJw-ta6uja je 3aTO IlITO 6AaroIlIny lIo,nHe6lba, lIAo,nHoIlIny TAa, ,n06PHM npe602ama lIOAOJKajeM AYKa If TpJKHHI1,a, lIOMOpCKHM 6oraTcTBoM, o61fceUMe lbeM pH6a CBOjHX je3epa H peKa, AOBlfIlITHMa lIAeMeHlfTe 'i,::::::a ,nHBlba'lH, HelfCI1,plIHHM HMa3lfIlITHMa 3AaTa, cpe6pa, 6aKpa JKU6om. H OAOBa, MHOIlITBOM rpa,nOBa If rpaljaHcKlfX YCTaHOBa He 3aocTaje HH 3a je,nHOM 60raTOM lIoKpajlfHOM. 113 CKaHC1\.aHGuHaeC1\.e ,nHHaBlfje cy 'leCTO lIO lIpOBepeHHM ,neBlfI1,aMa o,naIlIlflbaHH OeeulJe uoy Ha (KaKO HaBO,nH COAHH y 25. lIorAaBlbY 0 CeBepffiaI1,HMa) lIpBH 3aeemHU nym lIAO,nOBH JKeTBe Kao 3aBeT AlIOAOHY .lleAcKoM. Ho KaKO ce AnO.!lOHY 6 6' h jze.!lC1\.O.M.. OHe, 3 or 3AO e HelIpHJaTelba, HHCY BpallMe HeTaKHYTe, O,nyCTMO ce o,n 3aBeTHHX rryToBaffia H 60rolIoIlIToBaffie je 6HAO OrpaHIf'leHO yHyTap rpaHHI1,a CKaH,nHHaBHje. .llaHac OHa 06YXBaTa TpH KpaJbeBCTBa - HopBeIlIKY, lliBe,nCKY H rOTCKY C ,neAOM KpaJbeBHHe .llaHcKe, Te MHore ,npyre lIOKpajHHe, KaO IlITO cy BOTHHja, <PHHHMapK, AarroHlfja H <PHHCKa KOjy je, KaKO lIHIlIe MHHCTep y IV. KffiH3H KocMorpa <PuH.C1\.G cpHje, y lIpOIlIAHM BpeMeHHMa HaCTaffilfBao CAOBeHCKH HaCmalt>eHa • CJtOeeHU.Ma. Hapo,n, rOBOplfAO ce ffieroBHM Je3HKoM, a Y BpeMe BAa,naBHHe MocKoBlbaHa 6HO je Ha CHa3H rp'lKIf o6pe,n. JOIlI je MHOro ,npyrHx lIoKpajHHa y CKaH,nHHaBHjlf H3 Koje cy, KaKO ne ce KacHlfje lIOKa3aTH, lIOTeKAH CAoBeHIf C MHorHM ,npyrHM MonHlfM Hapo,nHMa KOjH lIoKopHIlIe If 3aBAa,naIlIe 3aTHM A3HjOM, ACPPlfKOM If EBpOlIOM. 108 5 nOPEKAO CAOBEHA H PA3BOJ ILHXOBOr UAPCTBA DOHeKa,n je AaKO ,n03HaTH lIOpeKAO MHorHX Hapo,na, IfAIf 360r Tora IlITO cy OCTaBHAH Tpar ,neAHMa H KYNrypoM IfAIf 360r ora IlITO cy, lIpeM,na caMIf lIO ce6H He06pa30BaHIf If BapBapH, HMaAH 3a cyce,ne Hapo,ne lIocBeneHe HaYI1,If, KojHMa Hlfje He,nOCTajMo HH cAo6o,nHor BpeMeHa HH peBHoCTH ,na HCTpalKe H 3alIHIlIY lIOpeKAO H ,neAa He caMO CBOjlfX cyce,nHHX, Ben If Hajy,naJbeHlfjHx Hapo,na. Ho TaKO AaKO ,n03HaTIf lIO HeIlITO 0 lIOpeKAy If pa3Bojy CAOBeHCKora I1,apCTBa, lIOIlITO cy CAoBeHIf, OClfM IlITO cy o,nyBlfjeK MMO ,nplKaAH ,no HaYKe H ,no HayqHHKa, He OCTajynH HM HHKa,na BpeMeHa ,na ce lIOCBeTe CTy,nHjHMa If HayIJ,H, caMH lIO lIPlfpO,n1f BapBaplf, JKHBeAH Meljy Hapo ,nlfMa je,nHaKO TaKO OKpyTHHM H BapBapCKHM, C KojlfMa cy HelIpeCTaHI1,e paTOBaAH. TIa KaKO cy o,n caMora lIO'leTKa JKlfBeAH cy caCBHM HelI03HaTH y lIpoCTpaHoj YCaMlbeHOCTIf BapBapcKHX Hapo,na, lIojaBlfIlIe ce lIpBH rryT Y BpeMe Ka,na rpI1,H H PHMlbaHIf, KO,n KOjHX cy yrAaBHoM HajBlfIlIe I1,BeTMe cry,nlfje If HaYKa, 1f3ry6HIlIe yje,nHO If KffilfJKeBHOCT If BeIlITHHY roBopHlfIlITBa, HaKOH IlITO cy HX HalIMe, 1f3MY 'llfAe If rOTOBO lIa YHHIlITlfAe BojcKe ilapTa, rOTa, BaH,nMa, AAaHa, AaHro6ap,na, CapaI1,eHa, XYHa H Ha Kpajy CAOBeHa. HaIlIaBIlIH ce lIPHTlfCHyTIf BAaCTHTHM HeBOlbaMa If He ,nanaMa, He lIOCBeTlfIlIe ce, HlfTIf HM OCTa BpeMeHa ,na IfCTpalKe H 3a6eAeJKe y KffiHraMa lIOpeKAO If YClIexe ryljlfHaI1,a, HapO'llfTO OHlfX Koje C pa3AoroM 3aMp3lfIlIe. KaKO MOPaM YKpaTKO OlIlfcaTIf lIOpeKAO H YClIexe Tora BpAO lIAeMeHHTor CAOBeHCKor Hapo,na, lIo.nyxBaTHny ce TaKO TeIlIKO CXBaTlbHBe rpal)e, H3HocenH pa,nlfje Tylje HO cBoje BAaCTHTO MlfIlIlbeffie, jep MH ce 'lHHH ,na Hene 6lfTIf AaKO MeHIf HeYKoM OTKPHTIf OHO IlITO je 6HAO cKplfBeHO HajMaplbHBHjHMa Meljy HCTpalKlfBa'lHMa HCTHHe. ilpeMa CBeTOM lIlfCMY CTapora 3aBeTa H OlIIlITeM cy,ny lIlfCaIJ,a, jacHo je ,na ce JacpeT, cTapHjH CHH HojeB o,n Kojera lIOTe'le CAOBeHCKIf Hapo,n, KaKO CBe,nO'le XOAaHljaHlfH ileTap Kpy36ep y Tpenoj KffiH31f 0 CeBepffiaI1,lfMa, BIfTHKHH,n H3 BarplfeHa y lIPBOj Kffilf31f 0 repMaHlfjlf If AAeKcaH,nap rBaffilfHH y CBOjOj CapMaTHjH, HaKOH OlIIlITer lIOTOlIa CKAOHlfO HajlIpe y A3Hjy, a 3aTHM ffierOBH lIOTOMI1,1f 109 Kaoace npeu nym ja6Jbajy C.!106eHU. C.!lOeeHU nomO.MlJU JacjJemoeu 6
...,..... o,n:OllIe y EBPOrry Ha CeBep, y 3eMlbY ,n:aHaC 3BaHY CKaH,n:HHaBHja. TaMO ce pa3MHO)KHllIe y BeAlfKOM 6pojy, KaO llITO CBe,n:O'IH CBeTH AyryCTHH y 6. KlhH3H 0 BOJKjoj 0pJ/(aBu, r,n:e Kpajeeu KruKe ,n:a cy CHHOBH H IlOTOMll.H JacpeToBH HMaAH ,n:BeCTa 3anoceoHymu JacpemoeUM 3aBH'Iaja H HaCeAlfllIe KpajeBe KOjH ce IlpY2Kajy o,n: IlAa nOrnoM",UMa. 3Ha~e~e UMeHa Jeupemoeoz .. CJtoeeHu ooyeex: OOeaJK.HU Ha opyJKjy. Hanycme C1mHinmaeujy. 3anyTHllIe ce H3 Te 3eMlbe KaKO IlHllIy MeTO,n: MyqeHHK, OilaT npHMa y CBOjM Jop,n:aH AAaH y I. KlhH3H 0 reTHMa, naBAe 1)aKoH, Kao H ¢>paHll.HCKO MpeHHK y I. [Jox:ope KlhH3H, IlorAaBlhY 46), Te HailycTHBllIH y BeAlfKOM 6pojy eeponcx:y O'IHHCKa rHe3,n:a, IloKopHIlIe 'IHTaBY eBpoIlcKY CapMaTHjy Cap.Mamujy. Koja je (ilpeMa nToAeMejy) C HCTOKa oMel)eHa MO'IBapOM MeoTH,n:oM H TaHaHcoM [peKa .llOH ], Ha 3aIla,ny joj je rpaKaoa CJtoeeHU HHll.a BHCAa, Ha ceBepy CapMaTCKO Mope, aHa jyry KapIlaHanycmUw.e TH. npBO HCelbaBalhe CAOBeHa H3 CKaH,n:HHaBHje ,n:oro,n:HAo. < Cx:aHGuHaeujy ce, KaKO IlHllIe AA6epT KpaHll. y 2. IlOrAaBlb y 0 lilBe,n:cKoj, sa BpeMe BAa,n:aBHHe xe6pejcKor cy,n:Hje OToHHjeAa, Ilpe BpeMeHa Kpa:lbeBa. OH je, HaHMe, HaCAe,n:HO Mcyca HaBHClloeeHU 00- Ha, MojcHjeBor HaCAe,n:HHKa rO.lUlHe 3790. o,n: IlOCTaHKa JU13e U3 ~x:a~ CBeTa HAlf 1460. I'D,n:HHe Ilpe .ll.OAaCKa XpHCTa, a y TO Bpe- oUHaeu)e nou • zomcICUM Me HarrycTHllIe CKaH.lUIHaBHJY a IlO.ll. lhHXOBHM HMeUMeHO.M. HOM H CAOBeHH jep, KaKO 'IHTaMO KO,n: BHTHKHH,n:a H3 BarpHeHa y I. KlhH3H 0 repMaHHjH H KO.ll. MpeHHKa y l. KlhH3H, IlorAaBlhY 8, 6HAH cy Ta,n:a CAoBeHH (KaKo neMo j(eAe ce Ha KacHHje IloKa3aTH) HCTH HapO.ll. y 3aje.ll.HHll.H C rOTHMa. Ha .MHOZe ozpaHx:e KOH llITO je CAOBOHCKH HapO.ll. IlOKOPHO H IlO,n: BAaCT CBora nOOpQ3HUM . UMeHUMa ll.apCTBa IlpHBeo 'IHTaBY CapMaTHJY, pa3.ll.eAlf ce Ha BHIlIe orpaHaKa IlO.ll. pa3HHM HMeHHMa. KaKO IlHIlIe JaH .lly6paBHj y I. KlhH3H 0 qellIKoj, Ha3BallIe ce BeHe.ll.H, CAoBeHH, AHTH, BepAlf HAH XepYAH, AAaHH HAlf MacareTH, XHPH, CKHPH,CHp6H,EMHHXAeHH,.lla'IaHH,lilBel)aHH,¢eHH HAH 110 HHHe Tayp y KHAlfKHjH Ha ceBepy, IlpeKO CeBepHora Mopa, IlOAOBHHe A3Hje H 'IHTaBe EBpoIle, CBe ,n:o EpHTaHcKora T . 6 . J Mopa. 0 Je HO ,n:OKa3, KaKO TYMa'Ielha 110 KOJeM HMe acpeTOBo 3Ha'IH llIHpelhe, TaKO H OHe HojeBe 3aKAeTBe cpenHora Hcxo,n:a; OTall. JacpeTOB, HaHMe, 3HajynH ,n:a HY2KHO Mopajy IloCTojaTH TpH CTalha lby,n:CKora 2KHBlbelha H ,n:o,n:elbyjynH CBaKOMe o,n: CHHOBa 3Balhe Koje 6H IlPHAH'IHAO CKAOHOCTHMa CBaKora o,n: lhHX, caOIlllITH HM OBY CBOjy o,n: AYKY: .TH nelli, CeMe, Kao CBeUlTeHHK ,n:p2KaTH E02Kjy CAY2K6y. TH neIlI, XaMe, 06pal)HBaTH 3eMlhY H IlOCBeTHTH ce 3aHaTHMa. TH, Jacpere, BAa,n:aj H 6paHH 3eMlbY Kao Kpa:lb H 6y,n:H BH'IaH OPY2Kjy Kao BOjHHK«. Ty 3aIlOBeCT HAlf 3aKAeTBy HojeBY, KaKO ce KacHHje BH,n:eAO, IlOTOMll.H lherOBHX CHHOBa HHKa,n:a HHCY IlOra3HAH. CTora CAOBeHH, IlOTeKAH o,n: JacpeTa, 6ejaxy o,nyBHjeK O,n:Ba2KHH Ha OPY2Kjy H IloKopHIlIe MHore Hapo,n:e. Ey,nynH, ,n:aKAe, ,n:a je 6poj JacpeTOBHX 110 7TOMaKa HapacTao H,n:a cy ce HaMH02KHAH y TOj MepH,n:a HX HH BeAlfKa CKaH,n:HHaBHja HHje BHllIe MorAa CBe IlpHMHTH, ( ¢HHll.H, npYCH, BaH.ll.aAH, EypryH,n:H, rOTH, OCTPOI'DTH, BH3HI'DTH, reTH, reIlH,n:H, MapKOMaHH, KBa,n:H, ABapH, ne'IeHe3H, EaCTapHH, POKCOAaHH, TO jeCT PyCH H MOCKOBlhaHH, nOlball.H, qecH, lilAe3H H EyrapH, a CBH OHH 6ejexy o,n: HCTora CAOBeHCKora Hapo,n:a. je po,n: JOIlI H ,n:aH-,n:aHac (ilpeMa TBp.lJ.lhaMa Koje .llaBH,n: XHTpeyc H3HOCH y III. KffiH3H 0 CacKoj, naOAO JOBHO y 3aKOHHKY MocKoBHje, Kao H JoxaHHec BepHep H AaspeHTHj CYPHj) HajBenH O.ll. CBHX HapO.ll.a. Hapo,ny H je3HKY CAOBeHCKOM He IlpHIla,n:ajy, HaTpy HMe, Hapo,n:H, Ke3H, lhHX CKOM EOCaHll.H, H IleT caMO 3aAHBy, a KapilaTe, TaKol)e Kao IlAaHHHa, XpBaTH, OHH llITO CBe H KOjH Ben ,n:o cy nOMepaHll.H neTOrOpll.H, PyCH, EyrapH, peKe H HaCTalhyjy.llaAMall.Hjy, MHom nO.ll.OlhaHH, Aa6e. PaCH, .ll.pyrH H TO OHe OHH jeCT TO KOjH 3HaMeHHTH HaCTalheHH MOCKOBIhaHH CTaHOBHHll.H jeCT cy PallIaHH, IlpeOCTaAH MAHPHjy, y H 06AH2KBeHe,n: H MonHH Cp6H, qepMco,n: lhHX, repMaHH H ,n:aHac 30BY CAOBeHHMa H BeH,n:HMa HAH BHH,n:HMa; Ha Kpajy, Ty cy AY2KH'IaHH, KallIy6H, MOpaBll.H, nOlhall.H, AHTBaHll.H, lilAe3H H qeCH. YKpaTKO, Ilo,n:pyqje ce CAOBeHCKora je3HKa IlpOTe2Ke O.ll. KacIlHjcKor Mopa CBe ,n:o CaCKe, Te O.ll. J a,n:paHcKor ,n:o repMaHCKor Mopa, r,n:e CBY.ll.a HaAa3HMO PO.ll. CAOBeHCKH. Y BpeMe Ka,n: HaCTaHallIe CapMaTHjy, Taj ce Hapo,n: IlOKa3a Cp'IaHHM, paT060pHHM H YBeK 2KeIhHHM CAaBe. nHllIe nOMIloHHje MeAa ,n:a HM 6ellIe ,n:peBHH 06H'Iaj ,n:a ce HHKa,n:a He 3aYCTaBIhajy Ha je.ll.HOMe MeCTY, Hero KaKO 6H HX MaMHAH 60lhH IlallIlhall.H HAH KaKO 6H rOHHAH HeIlpHjaTelha y 6eKCTBY HAH 6H HX IlaK HeIlpHjareIhcKe CHare IlPHTHcHYAe, TaKO 6H ce OHH CeAlfAH Ha HOBa 60paBHIlITa HocenH ca C060M CBa cBoja ,n:06pa H CTaHyjynH CTaAHO IlO,n: IlIaTopHMa Kao CA060.ll.HH H HeYKpOTHBH paTHHll.H. 3aTo He qy,n:H llITO cy JOIlI y BpeMe Ue3apa ABryCTa, KaKO IlHllIe CTpa60H, 2KHBeAlf H3MellIaHH Mel)y Tpa'IaHHMa, Ila 3aTHM OPY2KjeM OCBojHIlIe I'DTOBO ll.eAY EBpOllY H BeAlfKH ,n:eo A3Hje H AcppHKe. HaHMe (KaKO IlHllIe AAeKCaH.ll.ap rBalhHH y CBOjOj CapMaTHjH), KO 6H XTeo IlruKIhHBO IlpOyqHTH Hapo,n: CAOBeHCKH, Hene HanH HH y je,n:HOM IlPOIlIAOM BpeMeHY paT060pHHjera HapO.ll.a. CAOBeHH cy C AaKOnOM IlO.ll.HOCHAH XAa.ll.Hony, Mpa3, BpynHHY H CBe OCTaAe paTHe Ter06e, a ,n:a 6H CTeKAH CAaBHO H 6eCMpTHO HMe, HHCy MHOI'D MapHAH 3a BAaCTHTH 2KHBOT, H3AaJKynH ra 6e3 6pojHHM OilaCHOCTHMa. npaBO je 'Iy,n:o IlITO je OBH.ll.Hje Ha30H, IlpOrHa:H o,n: PHMIhaHa y TaypH,ny, 0 TOj H3BaHpe,n:Hoj CHa3H, Cp'IaHOCTH H IlO2KpTBOBalhY HeIl06e.ll.HBOra capMaTCKor ,nyxa H3BeCTHO pHMCKe ceHaTope y CBOjHM CIlHCHMa. M3Mel)y OCTaAOr, OH IlHllIe MaKCHMY y I. KlhH3H, II. eAerHjH: Ycpe,n: HeIlpHjaTelha H IlorelhH, Ja caM: K'o,n:a MHje C 3aBH'IajeM 111 CJ!oeeHcx:u poo je HajeeFiu .Me1Jy HapoiJUMa. Kpajeeu mpeHymHo Hacma~eHU 8 CllOeeHU.Ma. Hanycme C1mHGuHaeujy j(peeHU 06u~aj Cap.Mama.
9 .,..... 11 caM MHp 0.llY3eT. He 6H AH Y,ll.BOCTpyqHAH Y3poKe CMpTH Moje Oeuouje PaHaMa CBOjHM, IlIHlbaK CBaKH onucyje ryjHHHM je OTPOBOM HaTonlbeH. CapJlWme. OKO 3HJl.HHa OBHX cpe,ll. nycTolliH O,ll.pe,ll.H cy KOfbaHHKa K'O BYKOBH Ka,.u, OKO 3aTBopeHor Topa Kpy:>Ke. C TBp.\jaBe BH,ll.HIlI YOKOAO Kao llIYMy O,ll. Konalba ynepeHHX, a O,ll. BpaTa CHAOBHTO ce OPY>Kje He O,ll.MH'Ie. Memo. E.nezuja II. illTa CapMaTH 'IHHe H CMHOHH Ja30H H 3eMlba TaYPH,ll.a, O,ll.aHa BO>KHIJ;H OpeCTejH, IlITa ,ll.pyrH Hapo,ll.H 'IHHe r,ll.e I1cTap ce Ae,ll.H, PeKa KOjOj no 'IBpCTOM xp6aTY KOH.e cBoje XHTpO rOHe: a Taj HajBenH ,ll.eo lbY,ll.CKOra pO,ll.a, PHMe, He xaje 3a Te H TBOjy AenoTy H opy>Kja AY30HHjeBHX o,ll.pe,ll.a ce He 60jH. Xpa6pocT My yAHBajy AYK H nyH To6oAaIJ;, H KOH. CBHKHYT .llYroM TPKY. Jep HayqHllIe ce H3,ll.p:>KaTH .llYro )Ke.\j, H ca >Ke.\jy BeAHKY rA8,lI, C KOjOM HenpHjaTeIha roHe Hene HanH HHKa,.u, peKe, HH H3Bopa. Beema.n.uey. EJlezuja VII, IUbuza W. .; 11 caM ,ll.o6po BH,ll.HIlI KaKO CTpallIHH BOAap Ja30H HaTOBapeHa KOAa B03H Ha,ll. BO,ll.OM I1cTpa, H BH,ll.HIlI no,ll. CBHHYTHM Ma'ieM OTPOB, H ,ll.Ba Y3poKa CMpTH, aje,ll.HO oPY>Kje. 113 OBHX ce OBH,ll.HjeBHx peqH MO>Ke CXBaTHTH KOAHKO 6exy O.llYBeK paTo6opHH CapMaTH, Te KaKO HHKa,.u,a He no,ll. AerHYllie PHMCKOMe UapCTBY, Ka,.u,a KaJKe: »He xaje, PHMe, 3a Te H TBOjy lbenOTy.« illTaBHllIe, 3a BpeMe BAa,.u,aBHHe IJ;a10 pa MaKCHMHHa CapMaTH npera3HIlIe peKY HCTap Te y.\jOllie YUU1.U cy Y y I1AHpHK, Y naHoHHjy H Me3Hjy H Onlba'lKaBIliH CBe IlITO H.lIupw(u HM ce Ha.\je Ha nyTy. He OCTaBHBIliH HH KaMeH Ha KaMeHY ITaH.OHujy. (KaKO nHllie ABeHTHH y II. KfbH3H), HacpHyllie H Ha pHMcKe KoxopTe, KojHMa BHllIe nYTa 3a,.u,a,ll.OllIe BeAHKe MyKe. PHMCKO UapcTBo je YBeK H36eraBaAO paT npOTHB CapMaTa, 112 cMaTpajynH ycnexoM Ben H caMO OnHpaH.e H.HXOBOj :>Kec Pw.ubaH.Ucy THHH H O,ll.6HjaH.e H.HXOBHX Hana,ll.a. BHTHKHH,ll. H3 BarpH ce yael':. y30pJKllaaJIU 00 eHa, Me.\jy OCTaAHMa, onHcao je paTOBaH.a ,ll.peBHHX Cap pamoealha ca MaTa H H3AO>KH CBe IlITO HX ce TH'ie. 3aTo neMO MH TO CapMamUMa npenYTaTH, ,ll.a 6HCMO ce nOCBeTHAH CAOBeHHMa, KOjH jOIli Y BpeMe Ka,.u,a HaCelbaBaxy CapMaTHjy ,ll.a,.u,ollIe ce6H TO 3aHCTa noce6Ho HMe CAaBeHH (CAOBeHH), TO jeCT CAaBHH. OHH nOTeKOllie O,ll. BHH,ll.a HAH BeHe,ll.a, capMaTCKor HapO,ll.a C.lIOaeH.u ca MHOIliTBO ITAeMeHa, KaKO nHllie JOPHaH,ll. (Jop,ll.aH) AAaH nomutLy 00 BeH.eoa. y CBOMe ,ll.eAY 0 reTHMa, r,ll.e KaJKe: »YHYTpallIH.OCT LtaKHje je YTBp.\jeHa H onacaHa KaO KPYHOM BeAHKHM AAnHMa, C 'IHje ce AeBe CTpaHe, Koja rAe,ll.a Ha ceBep, Te O,ll. H3Bopa BHCAe npeKO HenperAe,ll.HHX npOCTpaHCTaBa HaCTaHHllie BHH,ll.H, HapO,ll. KOjH HMa nyHO nAeMeHa. lDHXOBa HMeHa, npeM,ll.a H3MeH>eHa O,ll. pO,ll.a ,ll.O pO,ll.a H O,ll. MeCTa ,ll.O MeCTa, HnaK O,ll.roBapajy HajBHllIe HMeHHMa CAOBeHa H AHTa. CAO CnoaeH.U BeHH >KHBe Ha npoCTOpy O,ll. HOBrop0,ll.a H CAaBHHa Py AH.mu u IhUXoeO npe- MYHCKor (Slavino Rumunense) H je3epa 3BaHor MycHjaH 6uaaJIUwme.. CBe ,ll.O peKe LtH>eCTpa H Ha ceBep ,ll.O BHCAe. npe6HBaAHllITe AHTa, HajcHaJKHHjer Me.\jy HapO,ll.HMa OKO UpHora Mopa, npOTe:>Ke ce O,ll. LtH.eCTpa CBe ,ll.O LtyHaBa, a O,ll. je,ll.He ,ll.O ,ll.pyre peKe .llYr je BHllIe,ll.HeBaH nyT.« MaAO nOTOM HanHca: »BeHe,ll.H, nOTeKaBIliH O,ll. HCTora pO,ll.a, ,ll.aHaC cy n03HaTH no,ll. TpH HMeHa: BeHe,ll.H, AHTH H CAoBeHH, a cBY,ll.a, C BO>KjHM ,ll.oITyllITeH>eM 360r HallIHX rpexoBa, nOKa3yjy HeH3MepHY CypOBOCT.« BHTHKHH,ll. XOAaH.\jaHHH y II. KH.H3H 0 BeHe,ll.HMa H JepeMHja Pyc y MOCKOBCKOM AeTonHcy nHllIy Kaoa C.lIoaeH.u ,ll.a cy CAoBeHH, jOIli ,ll.OK cy >KHBeAH y CapMaTHjH, YSH,ll.eB H.aoeH.ywe ce6u mo UMe. IlIH ,ll.a y CTaAHOM paTOBaH.Y C pa3HHM Hapo,ll.HMa yseK H3 Aa3e Kao n06e,ll.HHIJ;H, Ha,.u,eHYllie ce6H TO HMe CAaBeHH CltoeeH.U HanaOH.Y U (CAOBeHH), no,ll. KOjHM (KaKO nHllie PHHaAJI. BpHTaHCKH y 1. . ocaole KH.H3H XpOHHKa) OKyITHllie Ha BeHe,ll.CKOM MOPY MonHY Tq:IaJbeacmeo MOpHapHUY, KOjOM nOTOM Hana,.u,OllIe EHrAeCKY, r,ll.e cy HX EH2JLeC/'cy. 360r H.HXOBOr BHCOKor CTaca CMaTpaAH ,ll.HBOBHMa. HCTO 11 TBPJl.H neTap CyCPPH,ll. AeOBap,ll.HjcKH y 1. KfbH3H 0 nopeKAy <I>pH>KaHa KaJKe: CBH nHCIJ;H KOjH 3a6eAe:>KHllie 36HBaH.a y BpHTaHHjH, ,ll.eAe MHllilbeH.e ,ll.a BpyT, KOjH no ce6H Ha3Ba BpHTaHHjoM 3eMlbY Koja ce paHHje 3BaAa AA6HOH, npOTepa C OCTpBa LtHBoBe Ha3HBaHe CAOBeHHMa, KOjH, KaKO ce 'IHTa y XOAaH,ll.CKHM XpOHHKaMa, nOIliTO cy 6HAH npOTepaHH H3 OHHX KpajeBa H y nOTpa3H 3a HOBHM CTaHHIliTeM, npHcnellie Ha o6aAe ,ll.OH.e CaCKe, ,ll.aHallIH.e <I>pH3Hje, Te ce He 3aTeKaBiliH HHKora HCKpIJ;allIe; HO y6p30 HX CTaHOBHHIJ;H Tora Kpaja npHcHAHllie H3HeHa,.u,HHM Hana,.u,oM ,ll.a ce nOByKY HaTpar Ha cBoje Aa.\je. OTnAoBHllIe nOTOM npeMa yHyTpallIH.OCTH, Ha 3ana,.u" CBe ,ll.O YllIna peKe Meyce. 3aycTaBHBIliH ce TaMO, He.llYro nOTOM H He,ll.aAeKO O,ll. MeCTa y 6AH3HHH ,ll.peBHe Y AapJl.HHre, carpa,.u,HllIe MOnHY TBp.\jaBY 113
I CAoeeHu CAaeeH6ypza. Me.lbume.JbU ymeC!toeeHU oooAeeajy AlleICcaHOpy BeJtuICOMe. KOjy rro ce6H Ha3BaIIIe CAaBeH6ypr, y .Il:06a CaMyeAa, KpaIba H3paeAcKor, 900 rO.ll:HHa rrpe XpHCTa. Ha Ty ce HCTOPHjy XOAaH.Il:Hje JOIII H .Il:aRac rro3HBajy CBH Cyce.ll:HH HapO.ll:H. H C ..l-. . T' C eIIITO .Il:aIbe Y't'PH.Il: .Il:o.ll:aje: .. H KOjH oTepaIIIe AOBeHe, 6exy CBeBH, KOjH rrpe Tora orepaIIIe TaKooe H AAaHe, Te HaCTaIbHBaxy qHTaB Kpaj Ha rroTe3Y O.ll: peKe <PAeBO .Il:O peKe CBeBO.« JoxaH HaYKAep y 31. rrorAaBIbY crrOMHlDe BAa .Il:aBHHY CAoBeHa HM EHrAecKoM, Te KaJKe .Il:a je BpyT, KOjH rrporepa CAoBeHe H3 EHrAecKe, 6HO CHH CRlUmjeB H rrOTOMaK EHejHH. OCTaAH CAoBeHH, KOjH 3a TO BpeMe 6ejexy OCTaAH Y CapMaTHjH, xpa6po ce H CpqaHO O.ll:YrrpeIIIe AAeKCaH.Il:PY, KOjH ce 360r CHAHHX CBOjHX .Il:eAa Ha3Ba BeAHKHM. AAeKCaH.Il:ap BeAHKH ce TPY.ll:HO CBHM CHAaMa .Il:a AHIIIH CAOBeHe ypooeHe HM cAo6o.ll:e, HO OHH, 3aMeTHYBIIIH 6op6y, 'HaHoce nopQ.3 y6HIIIe 3arrOBe.ll:HHKa AAeKCaH.Il:pOBe BojcKe MeHe.ll:eMa H 3anoeeoHuICY AlleICcaHopoee HceKOIIIe Ha KOMMe .Il:Be XHIbMe rreIIIaKa H TpH CTOTHHe eojclCe MeHeOe.MY. 12 ,aeaoecem ClloeeH.CICUX U3aCllaHUICa OOAa3U AlleICcaHOpy. Beceoa CAoeeHa AlleICcaHopy. KOlDaHHKa MaKe.ll:0HCKHX. Taj rrOTe3 KBHHT KypIJ;Hje rrpHrrHcyje CKHTHMa, rro 06Hqajy H 3a6AY.ll:H .Il:pyrHx HTaAHjaHCKHX rrHCaIJ;a KOjH, KM He rro3Hajy HMe HeKora HapO.ll:a, HCTora TpeHa, KaKO TO KaJKe AA6ep1' KpaHIJ;, rrpH6eraBajy CKHTCKOM ., HMeHy. AAH, JoxaH ABeHTHH y 1. KlDH3H 0 BaC BapIJ;HMa jaCHO rroKa3Yje KaKO ce PMHAO 0 AOBeHHMa, Te OBaKO KaJKe: »Jl:oooIIIe AAeKcaH.Il:py BeAHKOM y rroxo.ll:e TaKOoe H H3aCAaHHIJ;H HCTOqHHX repMaHa, Koje OH.Il:aIIIlDH rrHCIJ;H Ha3HBajy CapMaTHMa H CKHTHMa, a MH BeHe.ll:HMa, .Il:OK ce OHH caMH 30BY CAOBeHHMa; rropa3HBIIIH TOKOM .Il:aHa AAeKCaH.Il:pOBe IbY.ll:e, rrOCAaIIIe K lDeMY .Il:BMeCeT H3acAaHHKa, KOjH AAeKcaH.Il:py OBaKO 36opHIIIe.« KBHHT KypIJ;Hje y Ce.ll:Moj KlDH3H KaJKe: "CBe rroTpe6HO 3a CMOTPY 6eeIIIe Beh crrpeMHo, Ka.ll:a .Il:BMeCeT H3aCAaHHKa CKHTa Ha KOlDHMa rrpooe AoropoM H HajaBH cBoje rrOCAaHCTBO KpaIbY· YBe.ll:OIIIe HX y IIIaTop H rroHY.ll:HIIIe HM .Il:a Ce.ll:Hy, a OHH He O.ll:Bajaxy rrOrAe.ll: O.ll: KpaibeBa AHIJ;a. BepyjeM .Il:a je TO 3aTO IIITO HM ce, rrpOIJ;elDyjyhH .D:YX rrpeMa CTacy, OH qHHHO CHTaR H Hecpa3MepaH TOAHKOj CAaBH. CKHTH HHCY rrpHrrpocTe rraMeTH H caCBHM HeYKH rrorryT .Il:pyrHx BapBapa, a KaJKe ce .Il:a HeKH O.ll: lDHX rrpHKYrre MY.ll:POCTH KOAHKO je Beh MOJKe rrpHrpAHTH HapO.ll: BHqaH 0pyJKjy. To IIITO peKoIIIe TMa AAeKCaH.Il:py, 3HaTHO ce pa3AHKYje O.ll: 06Hqaja HaIIIHX H OHHX IbY.ll:H IIAeMeHHTHjera .D:YXa H o6pa30BalDa. TIa, HaKO 6H ce MorAO pacrrpaBIbaTH 0 lDHXOBHM peqHMa, ycrrpKoc TOMe MOPaMO CaqYBaTH Bepy y TO, H OHO IIITO peKOIIIe, TaqHO rrpeHeTH. Je.ll:aH O.ll: lDHX, HajCTapHjH, rro rrpHqalDY je OBaKO rOBopHO: ,,lla cy 60roBH XTeAH .Il:a TH BeAH'iHHa TeAa 6Y.ll:e cpa3MepHa rrOXAerrH AYIIIe, 3arrpeMHHHa CBeTa He 6H TH HAa .Il:OBOIbHa, TH H je.ll:HOM PYKOM .Il:O.ll:HpHBaO HCTOK, 6 6 . a .Il:pyroM 3arrM; a Ka.ll: 6H TO rrOCTHrao, rrpOXTeAO 6H TH ce OTKpHTH r.ll:e ce TOAHKH cjaj 60JKaHCKH KpHje, jep TOAHKa 114 je TBoja JKeIba 3a CTBapHMa Koje He MOJKeIII rrOCTHhH. TH H3 EBporre H.Il:eIII y A3Hjy H H3 A3Hje rrpeAa3HIII y EBpOrry. 11 Ka.ll: 6Y.ll:eIII rr06e.ll:HO qHTaB IbY.ll:CKH PO.ll:, ca IIIYMaMa H ca 3BepHMa, ca CHerOM H C peKaMa, TH heIII paTOBaTH. Ho 3ap He 3HaIII .Il:a BeAHKa CTa6Aa AYrD paCTy, .Il:a 6H 3aTHM y TpeH 6HAa HIIIqyrraHa? Ay.ll: je KO caMO lDHXOB IIAO.ll: MOTPH, a He MepH HM BHCHHy. TIa3H .Il:a, JKeAehH .Il:O Bpxa CTHhH, He rrMHeIII 3aje.ll:HO C rpaHaMa 3a Koje heIII ce .Il:pJKaTH. AaB 3Ha KOjH rryT CKOHqaTH Kao xpaHa MaAHX rrTHIJ;a, poa je.ll:e rBOJKOe. HeMa CTBapH TaKO rroCTojaHe, .Il:a joj He 6H rrpeTHAa rrorH6Hja O.ll: HeKe .Il:pyre cAa6e. lIITa MH HMaMO C To6oM? MH HHKMa HHCMO cTyrrHAH Ha TAe TBoje 3eMIbe. KaKO 3HaIII r.ll:e CH .Il:OIIIao? 3ap HaM HHje .Il:orryIIITeHo .Il:a OCTaHeMO Herr03HaTH, JKHBehH cpe.ll: OBHX BeAHKHX IIIYMa? MH ce HHKOMe He rrOKOpaBaMO H He JKeAHMO HHKOMe rocrrO.ll:apHTH. TIpe.ll:ajeMo BaM OB.Il:e cBoje .Il:apOBe, KaKO 6HCTe MorAH yrro3HaTH HapO.ll: CKHTCKH: rrap BOAOBa, rrAyr, CTpeAe, KOIIIba H rrexap. To cy CTBapH KojHMa ce CAyJKHMO, C rrpHjaTeIbHMa, a rrpoTHB HerrpHjaTeIba. AeTHHY CTeqeHY pa .Il:OM BOAOBa .Il:apyjeMo rrpHjaTeIbHMa H C lDHMa y rrexapHMa BHHO Kao JKp1'By 6oroBHMa rrpHHocHMO, a HerrpHjaTeIbe H3 .Il:aAeKa CTpeAaMa H H36AH3a KorrIbeM Y.ll:apaMo. TaKo CMO rro6e.ll:HAH Kpalba CKHTHje, Kpalba Me.ll:Hje H HCTO TaKO Kpalba TIepcHje. TIyT HaM ce CBe .Il:O y ErHrraT OTBOpHO. Ho, TH KOjH ce TOAHKO .Il:HqHIII cBY.ll:a r.ll:e CH CTHrao .Il:a CH .Il:OIIIaO rrporoHHTH pa360jHHKe CBHX HapO.ll:HOCTH, TH caM HHCH HHIIITa .Il:pyro, Hero pa36ojHHK. 3ay3eo CH AH.Il:Hjy H 3arroceo COPHjy: .Il:PJKHIII y CBOjOj MohH TIepcHjy, rro.ll: TBOJOM cy BAaIIIhy BaKTPHjIJ;H, y I1H.Il:Hjy JKeAHIII OTHhH, a Beh rrpyJKaIII cBoje AaKOMe H He3aCHTHe PYKe rrpeMa HaIIIHM CTMHMa. l..feMY CBa Ta 60raTCTBa, KM H3a3HBajy y Te6H CBe Behy rAM? TH CH Taj KOMe je BHIIIe Hero HKOM .Il:pyroM H3006HIbe .Il:OHeAO rAM, Te IIITO BHIIIe HMaIII, TO JKeIbHHje JKY.Il:HIII 3a OHHM IIITO HeMaIII. 3ap ce He crrOMHlDeIII KOAHKO je Beh BpeMeHa rrpOIIIAO OTKaKO OrrCe.ll:aIII BacHjaHe JKeAehH CHAOM rro6eAY? COr.ll:aHIJ;H cy HaHOBO 3apaTHAH. Te6H paT H3 rro6e.ll:e H3HMqe. TIpeM.Il:a Te cMaTpajy BehHM H CHaJKHHjHM O.ll: .Il:pyrHX, HrraK HHKO He TprrH TyOHHIJ;a 3a rocrrO.ll:apa. TIpehH heIII TaRJ [Tj. Jl:OH], rra heIII CXBaTHTH IIIHpHHY rrpOCTopa KOjHM ce rrpOTeJKe. CKHTe TH HHKM HeheIII rrOKopHTH. HaIIIa he CHpoTHlDa 6HTH 6pJKa O.ll: TBoje BojcKe Koja ca C060M HOCH IIAHeH MHorHX HapO.ll:a, a Ka.ll: 6Y.ll:eIII BepoBao .Il:a CMO .Il:aAeKO, yrAe.ll:aT heIII Hac y CBOM Ta6opy. I1cToM 6P3HHOM rrporoHHMo H 6eJKHMo. l..fyjeMo .Il:a je KO.ll: rpKa CKHTCKa rrYCToIII rrOCAOBHqHO H3BprHYTa pyrAy, HO HaMa cy .Il:paJKe HeHaCTalDeHe H Heo6paoeHe IIIYMe Hero rpMOBH H 60raTH rrOCe.ll:H. Jl:PJKH CTora qBPCTO y PYKaMa CBOjy cpehy, jep je rrpOAa3Ha H He MOJKe ce rrpoTHB 115 13 C!toeeHU He MOZY HU /COMe p06oeamu. ,aajy oapoee AlleICcaHopy. Tpe6a mumu npUMeoa U3aCllaHUI&U HUCY ClCUmu. CJtoeeHU ca8J!aoajy 1CpQ.lbeee Meaujeu IJepcuje U cmWICY 00 Ezunma. 14 Cpenaje npOJ!Q.3Ha.
15 I lllma ClloeeHu .MUClle 0 cpehu. t{epcmo npujatne.Jbcm eO.Meay jeoHaK:U.Ma. I13.Meay zocnooapa U Cllyze He.Ma npujatne.Jbcmea. C.J!oeeHU ce 3aK.J!U1bY now.myjyhu eepy. CllooeHU ce nOmYK;y c AneK;Cafi.0p0.M Be.Jtu K:UM. Clloeefi.u oO.J!a3e U3 Cap.Mamujen ooe.Jtuew.u ce H.a oea Oe.J!a, jeoaH oeo 1bUX3anOceoH.e ol5a.ne BanmuliK:Oz .Mopa. H.e3HHe BOlhe 3a)l.p::>KaTH. By)]'eIll AH CAe)],HO Taj KOPHCHH CaBeT, Kao H oHaj IllTO TH ra BpeMe Ca)l.aIllH.e npY::>Ka, tSolbe heIll CBOjy cpehy 3aY3)],aTH H AaKIlle heIll H.OMe ynpaBlhaTH. Ko)], HaC ce Ka::>Ke )],a cpeha HeMa Hore, Hero caMO PYKe nepHaTe, Te Ka)], npY::>Ka pYKe, He )],a nepje )]'oTahlf. KOHa'IHO, aKO CH TH Bor, lbY)],HMa MopaIll no)],eAHTH tSAaro)],aTH, a He O,ll,y3HMaTH HM OHe Koje Beh HMajy. Ho aKO CH 'IOBeK, HMaj YBeK Ha yMy TO IllTO jeCH. rAyno je )]'p::>KaTH YBeK Ha YMY CTBapH 3tSor KOjHX cetSe caMora 3atS0paBlbaIll. C KHM He tSy)]'eIll 3apaTHO, Taj he TH tSHTH npHjaTelb, jep 'IBpCTO je npHjaTelbCTBO caMO Meljy je)],HaKHMa, a KaKO H3rAe)],a je)]'HaKH cy MeljycotSHo OHH KOjH HHCY onpotSaAH cBoje CHareo He Bepyj )],a cy TH npHjaTelbH OHH Koje CH nOKopHo, jep He MO::>Ke tSHTH npHjaTelbCTBa H3Meljy rocno)],apa H cAyre. 11 y MHpy HaM je otSH'Iaj Ha paT MHCAHTH. HeMoj MHCAHTH )],a CKHTH 3aKAeTBOM nOTBpljyjy MHAOCT, OHH ce 3aKAHH.y noIllTyjyhH Bepy. rpUHMa je otSH'Iaj )],a tSy,ll,y Ha onpe3Y, Te CBe tSeAe::>Ke H npH3HBajy tSorOBe. Ko He nOIllTyje lhy)],e, 015 MaH.yje tSoroBe, a HH TetSH HHCY nOTpetSHH npHjaTelha y 'IHjy )],otSpy HaMepy CYMI:haIll. Y HaMa heIll CHryPHO npoHahH 'IyBape A3Hje H EBpone. ]loTH'IeMO BaKTPHjy TaMO r)],e je TaHaHc )],eAH, a H3a TaHaHca, na CBe )],0 TpaKHje, rAac ce npOHOCH )],a ce MaKe)],OHHja C Tpa'IKHM tSpe:>K)%UHMa H tSp )],HMa cnaja. TH pa3MHcAH ::>KeAHIll AH Hac Ha rpaHHuaMa otSa cBoja uapCTBa 3a npHjaTelhe HAH HenpHjaTelbe." Te pe 'IH H3roBOPH BapBapHH. AAeKcaH)],ap HM O)],roBOPH )],a ce ::>KeAH nOCAY::>KHTH cpehOM y KOjy ce HeH3MepHO Y3)],a, a TeK OH)],a caBeTOM OHHX KOjH ra HaBo)],e )],a He Y'IHHH HHIllTa HenpOMHIlllbeHO .• YXBaTHBIllH ce nOTOM y KOIllTau C THM CAOBeHHMa, 3aje)]'HO C 'IHTaBOM CBOjOM BOjCKOM, AAeKcaH )],ap H3rytSH MHoro lbY)],H, )],OK HenpHjaTelbHMa HaHece TeK MaAO IllTeTe. YBH)],BIllH )],a HX AAeKcaH)]'pOBa BojcKa, Hao-< pY::>KaHa CBaKaKBHM OpY::>KjeM, npHTHCKa ca CBHX CTpaHa, CAOBeHH ce no CBOM otSH'Iajy nOBYKOIlle y YHYTpaIllI:hOCT CapMaTHje. ]la je HeKO nO::>KeAHO 3atSeAe::>KHTH 0)], nO'IeTKa CBa H.HXOBa )],eAa y CapMaTHjH, nAeMeHHTe H CAaBHe no)], BHre Koje nO,ll,y3eIlle H Koje cpehHO H ycneIllHo npHBe)],OIlle Kpajy, BepyjeM )],a My He tSH tSHO )],OBOlbaH 'IHTaB ::>KHBOT. Taj paTotSopHH CAOBeHCKH Hapo)], HHje MHpOBao HH TpeHyTKa, Beh CTpeMehH YBeK HajtSolbeM, OMY'IH HanYCTHTH capMaTCKe nyCTOIllH. 3aITyTHBIllH ce, pa3)],eAHIlle ce Ha )],Ba )],eAa. Je)],HH O)],OIlle Ha ceBep H 3anoce)],HYIlle otSaAe BaATH'IKOr Mopa, KaKO nHIlle ]laBH)], XHTpeyc y 3. KH.H3H 0 CacKoj, r)],e OBaKO nHIlle: BaATH'IKO Mope 3anO'IHI:he 0)], AyKe i\HtSeK, KO)], yIllha peKe ]lpaBe [AatSej, H npOTe::>Ke ce )],Be CTOTHHe ne)],eceT repMaHCKHX MHlba H3Meljy HeMa'IKe, IlpycKe, AHBoHHje, PyCHje H otSaAe HacynpoT ]laHcKoj, rOTCKe H <PHHCKe, CBe )],0 BHtSopra. XeHeTH, O)],HOCHO 116 BeHe)]'H, Koje repMaHH 30BY BHHH)l,eH, a l1TaAHjaHH CAaBH, )],OK ce KO)], Hac Ha3HBajy TaKolje BaH)]'aAHMa, 3anoce)],HYIlle 'IHTaB Taj )],eo BaATH'IKOr npHMopja. JOXaH ABeHTHH y 4. KH.H3H Ka::>Ke: KpajeBH y OAH3HHH BeHe)],HjcKor Mopa HacelbeHH cy lbY)],HMa BeAHKe CypOBOCTH, O)],HOCHO ECTHjUHMa H )],pyrHM CAOBeHCKHM HapO)l,HMa Ha jyry. 11ToAeMej naK y 3. KH.H3H, 5. norAaBlbY, Ka::>Ke: BeHe)],H, Hapo)], H3Y3eTHe BeAH'IHHe, )]'p::>Ke BeAHKH )],eo CapMaTHje AY:>K ueAora BeHe )],HjcKor 3aAHBa. Ho, 0 THM heMo CAoBeHHMa BeHe)]'HMa roBOpHTH KacHHje, Ka)l. 3a TO )]'olje BpeMe. ]lpyrH )],eo CAoBeHa, KOjH ce tSejaxy 3anyTHAH Ha jyr, 3anOCe)l,He otSaAe JlyHaBa. IloKYIllaIlle nOTOM OCBOjHTH H PHMCKO UapCTBo, CTaAHO nycToIlleliH H.eroBe 3eMlhe H nOKpajHHe, KOHa'IHO MHore 0)], H.HX H nOKopHIlle, KaKO nHIlle IlpoKonHje H3 Uecapeje, npBH KOjH je, KOAHKO ja 3HaM, nHcao 0 THM CAOBeHHMa H 0 paToBHMa Koje cy BO)],HAH C PHMlhaHHMa. Y npBoj KH.H3H 0 rOTHMa, HaHMe, OBaKO nHIlle 0 CAOBeHHMa: Y MeIjYBpeMeHY MapTHH H BaAepHjaH )],oljoIlle BeAH3apy Bo)],ehH ca COtSOM XHlba)l,y IlleCTO BojHHKa, Meljy KojHMa cy BehHHa tSHAH XyHH, CAoBeHH H AHTH, KOjH ::>KHBe C OHe CTpaHe JlyHaBa, He)],aAeKO 0)], pe'IHe otSaAe. CHARO ce otSpa )]'OBaBIllH H.HXOBOM )],OAacKY, BeAH3ap OMY'IH nOTyhH ce C HenpHjaTelbeM. Y )],pyroj naK KH.H3H: BeAH3ap HaCTojaIlle (Ka::>Ke ce )],albe) Ha CBaKH Ha'IHH 3apOOHTH HeKora 0)], HenpHjaTelbcKHX jYHaKa, KaKO tSH My Taj nOCBe)],O'IHO y IllTO ce TO BapBapH Y3)]'ajy, Ka)], nO)],Hoce TaKO TeIllKe HeBOlbe. ]lOK ce BeAH3ap tSaBHO TOM MHIlllbY, BaAepHjaH My ooeha )],a he ce notSpHHYTH 3a TO, tSy,ll,yhH )],a y H.eroBoj 'IeTH HMa CAOBeHa BH'IHHX npHKpHBaH.y H3a KaKBor KaMeHa HAH rpMa, )],a tSH TaKO H3 3ace)],e 3apotSHAH Kora ro)]' ::>KeAe H3 HenpHjaTelbcKHX pe)],OBa, y 'IeMY tSejaxy CTeKAH HCKYCTBO H Ha JlyHaBY, r)],e cy HM tSopaBHIllTa, H y PHMY npoTHB )],pyrHx BapBapa. BeAH3ap, )],aKAe, tSy,ll,yhH )],a My ce Ta tSece)],a CHAHO cBH)],eAa, CMeCTa 3anOBe)l,H BaAepHjaHY )],a ce notSpHHe )],a ce TO H3Be)],e. OBaj Ta)l.a H3atSpa je)],Hora CAOBeHa KOjH je CTaCOM H cHaroM Ha)],MaIllHBaO MHore, OCHM Tora H3pa3HTO xpatSap H BpAO BeIllT y TOMe, Te ra nOCAa He tSH AH YXBaTHO Kojer HenpHjaTelha H )],OBeo My ra, a 3aY3BpaT MY otSeha tSp)]'a H )],OAHHe, caMO )],a ycneIllHo H3 BpIllH 3a)l.aTaK. Taj CAoBeH, )],aKAe, KpeHYSIllH JOIll npe CBHTaH.a, nonHe ce Ha tSper r)],e cy ce CBaKO)l,HeBHO BO)],HAe tSoptSe KaKO tSH ce nOKOCHAa TpaBa 3a xpaHy KOH.HMa, Te AeraBIllH Ha 3eMlbY H nOKpHBIllH ce TpH.eM, OCTa TaKO CKpHBeH. Ka)]' Beh tSeIlle CBaHYAO, je)]'aH rOT )],olje )],a caKYnH TPaBY H, He cAYTehH onaCHOCTH H3 IllHKape r)],e ce CAoBeH cKpHBao, norAe)],aBaIlle 'IeCTO )],oAe npeMa nOlbY )],a ra KOjH HenpHjaTelb He tSH )],OIllao yrpatSHTH. Ta)l.a v"vo'"n, H3aIllaBIllH H3 3ace)],e, O)],Max 3aCKO'IH rOTa CTpara, oorpAH 117 Tepe.Mafi.u 30ey Clloeefi.e BtmOefi.. C.J!oeefi.CK;U fi.apoo U3Y3emHe cypooocmu U ee.JtUttUHe. Befi.eOu fi.apoo U3Y3emHe ee.JtUliUfi.e. 16 )1pyzu oeo C.J!ooeHa3anoceaHe ol5a.ne JI.YHaea U noK;Yw.a oceojumu TPttK;O Uapcmeo. JIpoK;onuje U3 Uecapeje npeu je nucao 0 oe.JtU.Ma u pamoeU.Ma C.J!ooeHa. C.J!ooeHU ce noa 3anoeeaHUW.mBO.M Be .J!U3apa 60pe y I1ma.JtUju npomueToma. Be.JtU3ap UCK;a3yje ee.JtuK;y paoocm360z oO.JtaCK;a ClloeHay I1ma.Jtujy. C.J!OeeHU epJw eew.mu y nocmaeJba1bY 3aceae.. 17
r JYHarumso jeoHoz C!!ooeHa. ra rro cpe,nHHH, rro,nHrHe Ha pYKe, Te ra CMeCTa o,nHece y PHMCKH Ta60p H rrpe,na BaAepHjaHY. A y Tpenoj KlbH3H: EellIe, Ka:>Ke, Ha JycTHHHjaHoBY ,nBOPY 'lOBeK H3 lberOBor po,na rro HMeHY XHAAH6Hje, MyJK CTBapHo HCKYcaH H BelliT y paToBalbY, KOjH rrpe3Hpallie HOBau: ,no Te Mepe ,na CMaTpallie CaMora ce6e rrpe60raTHM CBHMe, HaKO HHje HMao HHr,ne HH'lera. l.{eTBpTe ro,nHHe cBoje BAa,naBHHe u:ap ra rrOCTaBH 3a Ha'leARHKa 'lHTaBe TpaKHje 3a Ha,n30P JlyHaBa, C!!ooeHU HaHO- KaKO 6H ra llITHTHO TaKO ,na ra BapBapH y6y,nyne He MOry ce SeJLU/cy ruTTlEmy JJ:;;:::::; . Xwu'Ju6uje llapes' 3anooeOHUIC nomYlieH U y6ujeH 00 C!!ooeHa. C!!ooeHU ca6Jlaoajy AHme. CJlOOeHU cy JlCUSeJLU Y cseHapooHoj CJl.06oiJu. 18 Y ruma sepyjy CJlOSeHu.. CJlOSeHU ce He y30ajy y Cy06UHY. CJlOOeHC/cu ICyJlmoSU. C!!ooeHU uoy y rrpenH. ITpe TOra, HaHMe, KaKO XYHH, TaKO H AHTH H CAOBeHH, rrpera3HBllIH peKY 6ejaxy HaHeAH PHMlbaHHMa HerrOrrpaBlbHBe llITeTe. O,n Tor ,no6a, MeOYTHM, XHAAH6Hje 3a,na BapBapHMa TOAHKO CTpaxa, ,na TOKOM TpH ro,nHHe lberOBe yrrpaBe HHje,naH BapBapHH HHje Morao rrpenH peKY H HarraCTH PHMlbaHe; llITaBHllIe, XHAAH6Hje je ca CBOjHM PHMlbaHHMa, rrpera3HBllIH peKY MHoro IIyTa, HceKao Ha KOMa,ne 6e36poj BapBapa, a MHore je 3apo6Ho H o,nBeo y po6lbe. ITa H rraK, HaKOH TpH ro,nHHe rrpoBe,neHe C OHe CTpaHe JlyHaBa ca llIa'lHU:OM lby,nH, HacpHy Ha lbera 'lHTaB Hapo,n CAOBeHCKH. 3aMeTHyalliH 6oj, XHAAH6Hje rrorH6e 3aje,nHo C MHorHM PHMlbaHHMa. HaKOH Tora, 3aBa,nHllIe ce AHTH H CAoBeHH, Te ce Ha Kpajy H rroTYKollIe, rrpH 'leMY cy AHTH rro6eOeHH. no,naje rrOTOM H Ka:>Ke: Hapo,noM aHTCKHM H CAOBeHCKHM He yrrpaBlba, MeOyTHM, je,naH je,nHHH 'lOBeK, Ben o,n ,naBHHHe Taj Hapo,n )KHBH y CBeHapo,nHoj H CBeorrllITOj CAo6o,nH, Te 0 CBeMY, 6HAO ,na ce pa,nH 0 'leMY KOPHCHOM HAH KOjHM cAyqajeM TelliKHM, Benajy CBH 3aje.n: C . . 6 HO. Be OCTaAO Je Je,nHaKO H caCBHM CAH'lHO y 0 a Hapo,na. OCHM TOra, 3aKOH THX BapBapa HaAa:>Ke, a rrpeU:H lbHXOBH HX yqe ,na Meoy CBHM 6oroBHMa Bepyjy y rpOMOBHHKa Kao je,nHHora rocrro,napa CBHX CTBapH, ,na .' My )KpTByjy rOBe,na H ,npyre :>KHBOTHlbe, a ,na ce HH Ha KOJH Ha'lHH He Y3,naJY y' cy,n6HHY, rra TBp,ne KaKO OHa HeMa HHKaKBe MonH Ha,n lby,nHMa. Ho 6y,nynH ,na HM o,n 60AeCTH y KYnH HAH rraK y paTy rrpeTH CMPT, .n:y:>KHH cy rro 3aKoHY, aKO KOjHM CAy 'lajeM 03,npaBe, 'lHM H36erHY CMPTHOj orraCHOCTH, HCrryHHTH 3aBeT H o6enalba H rrpHHeTH )KPTBY, Te 'lBpCTO Bepyjy ,na cy 3axBalbyjynH )KpTBaMa o3,npaBHAH. OCHM Tora, rrOllITyjy lliYMe H BHAe C ,npyrHM ,neMOHHMa, KojHMa rrpHHoce )KpTBe H TOKOM )KpTBoBalba H3pHQY rrpOpO'laHCTBa. )KHBe pam YZJUlSHOM y AOllie carpaheHHM ja,nHHM KOAH6aMa, Ha BeAHKoj y,nalbe /Ca0 newallU.' . 6 o . HOCTH Je,nHe o,n ,npyre, a 'leCTO MelbaJY rrpe HBaAHllITe, Ka 'PYJICje C!!ooeHa. CJlOOeHU cy BUCO/cu U seJlUICe TTIEJleCHe cHaze. . 6 . Y n . KO Je 0 H'laJ. paTy Be HHOM rrellIaU:H H,ny Ha HerrpHJaTelba, HapyJKaHH llITHTOM H KorrlbHMa; He Hoce OKAorr, a HeKH 'laK HH o,neny, HOBY HAH rroxa6aHY, Hero rrAalliTeBe KOjH HM ,noce)K)' ,no 6e,napa: TaKBH cToje HacrrpaM HerrpHjaTelba. Je3HK HM je BapBapCKH, a CTaCOM ce Meoyco6HO He pa3AHKYjy, jep CBH cy BpAO BHCOKH H BeAHKe TeAeCHe CHare. lliTO 118 ce rryTH H 60je Koce TH'le, HHCY HH rrpeTepaHo HH caCBHM PHOH, ,nOK HHrrOlliTO HHCY u:pHOMalbaCTH, Hero HrraK HarHlbY pHOeM. )KHBOT je lbHXOB BpAO Te)KaK H ,nHBlbH H, Kao KO,n MacareTa, Ha MaAOj je u:eHH; xpaHe ce HeYKYCHOM H He'lHCTOM xpaHOM. ITa HrraK, HHCY 3AOHaMepHH, HHTH orraKH. Ka,n HaHoce llITeTe, xapajy H IIlba'lKajy, 'lHHe TO rrorrYT XYHa. Y ,naBHHHH cy CAOBeHH H AHTH HOCHAH CAH 'laH Ha,nHMaK, jep CTapH HX rrp03Ballie CrropH, llITO 3Ha'lH pa3aCyTH, CTora llITO, KaKO MHCAHM, )KHBlbaxy o,nBojeHo CBaKH 3a ce6e y CBOjOj KOAH6H. J1Majy MHOro 3eMlbe, rroIIyT OHHX KOjH cy HaCCelbaBaAH KpajeBe C OHe cTpaHe JlyHaBa. J1aKo CHARO rrOHOCHH H OKPyTHH, HrraK cy jaKo rrOlliTOBaAH cBoje CBellITeHHKe. 0 BepH OBHX AHTa rrHllIe JepeMHja Pyc y MOCKOBCKOM lbeTorrHCY, Te Ka:>Ke ,na, H3MeOY OCTaAHX 6oroBa, rrOlliTOBaxy H,nOAa rro,n 'lHjHM HoraMa Ae)Kaxy je,nHa lby,nCKa H je,nHa AaBlba rAaBa, ,nOK OH Y ,necHoj PYU:H ,np )KH CTpeAY, a y AeBoj cpe6pHY KYrAy. 3BaAH cy ra JaKo6or. O,nHOCHO jaKH Eor. Tpe6a ra pa3AHKoBaTH o,n H,nOAa Koje rrOlliTOBaxy CAOBeHH. 0 OBHMa rrOCAe,nlbHMa, ITpoKorrHje y 3. KlbH3H Y HaCTaBKY Ka:>Ke: Y TO ,no6a CAOBHHCKa BojcKa, rrpellIaBllIH JlyHaB, HaHece BeAHKe llITeTe H TelliKe HeBOlbe CBeKOAHKHM J1AHpHMa CBe ,no npa'la. neo lbHX caceKOllie Ha KOMa,ne, a ,npyre, Koje cy MorAH, He o6a3HpynH ce Ha rrOA HH Ha Y3paCT, 3apo6HllIe, Te ce, o,nHocenH HM CBY HMOBHHY, rrocBy,na rrOKa3axy HeH3MepHO OKpYTHHMa. 3ay3ellIe rrOTOM y OHHM KpajeBHMa MHora CHa:>KHa yrropHllITa, Te xapajynH YHaOKOAO, KaKO HM je Ben 6HAO rro BOlbH, CBe Orrlba'lKallie. J1AHPCKH KHe)KeBH, rrpeM,na CKYrrHllIe MHOllITBO o,n rreTHaeCT XHlba,na 6opau:a H rrpeM,na KpeHYllie CMeCTa CAe,nHTH Tpar HerrpHjaTelbeB, He Moraxy ce HHKaKO O,nBa:>KHTH ,na My ce H rrpH6AH)Ke. A Ha ,npyroM MeCTy Ka )Ke: Y TO BpeMe CAOBeHCKa BojcKa C He BHllIe o,n TpH XHlba ,ne paTHHKa, rrpellIaBllIH JlyHaB C AaKonOM H He HaHllIaBllIH HH Ha KaKaB OTrrop, pa3,neAH ce Ha ,nBa ,neAa, CBaKH C XHlba.n:y rreTCTO 6opau:a. 3arrOBe,nHHU:H pHMCKe BojcKe, YXBaTHBllIH ce C lbHMa y KOllITau:, HeKH y J1AHPHKY, a HeKH y TpaKHjH, 6y,ny y 6HU:H rroTyqeHH H rroy6HjaHH C MHoro CBOjHX lby,nH. ITpe)KHBeAH ce crraCHllIe 6eKCTBOM. Ey,nynH ,na TH 3arrOBe,nHHU:H rra,nOllie y 6HU:H o,n PYKe BapBapa, 6pOjHO 3HaTHO cAa6HjHx, 6HBllIH u:apeB 0pyJKap Ac6a,n, a Ta,na 3arrOBe,nHHK je,nHe KOlbH'lKe 'leTe, CYK06H ce C je,nHOM BapBapCKOM 'leTOM. ITOlliTO lberoBH lby,nH 6ejexy HaTepaHH y 6eKCTBO H y6HjeHH, OH )KHB rra,ne y pYKe HerrpHjaTelbHMa. CAOBeHH My C Aeoa o,npallie KO)K)' y TpaKe H 6aU:HllIe ra )KHBOra y BaTpy. HaKOH Tora, CAOBeHH Orrlba'lKallie CBe llITO HM ,nooe rro,n PYKY CBe ,no rrpHMopja H 3aY3ellIe TaKOoe H rrOMopCKH rpa,n. J1 rrope,n lberoBe CHa:>KHe BojHe rroca,ne H yrrpKoc TOMe llITO 6ellIe rrpeCTOHHu:a CBHX rpa,nOBa Ha 119 JKueomUMje meJICaIC. Hucy ona/CU .. 4peeHo UMe CJlOOeHa Ha ZPliICOM.. 19 C!!ooeHu jaICo norumyjy ceoje ceeruTTlEHUlCe. JaIC060z UOOJl AHma. CJlOeeHU HaHoce ruTTlE my liUmaeOM. HJlupuICy. myICy C!!oeeHU eojclCe. pUMcICe noje 20 CJlOeeHU lieH Ac6am zpao Ha Uapcmea. npUMopc/CU U 00 PuM.cICOZ CnQJbeH. CJloeenomyoceo
MOPY, Yll.aIbeHa Oll. KOHcraHTliHOn01b8. ll.BaHaecr ll.aHa ny Ta; a OCBojliwe rpa..n. AYKaBcrBOM. MHom cy ce BapBapli, HaliMe, CaKpliAli OKO rpa..n.CKliX SliMHa li Ha TeWKO ll.0 cTynHliM MeCTliMa, ll.OK HeKOAliu.liHa aliX, np06liBWli ce ll.0 liCTOqimx rpa..n.CKliX BpaTa, sa..n.aBawe TeWKe MYKe PliMlba- PamHO HliMa paSMeWTeHliM Ha 0ll.6paHli Slill.liHa. CTora BOjHliU.li J!yrcaecmeo liS noca..n.e CMeWTeHe y rpa.zr.y, He nOMliCAliBWli ll.a 6li Bap- CltoeeHa. Bapa MorAO 6liTli Bliwe Hero WTO ce Blill.li, AaTliwe ce Oll. Max opy.lKja Te, HaBaAHBWli CliAOBliTO liS rpall.a, HacpHyna ce PHMlbaHli OCMeAliWe li KpeHywe y nOTjepy sa aliMa, Yll.aIbyjyl'm ce Oll. rpa..n.a. Ta..n.a BapBapli KOjli cy qeKaAH y saCell.aMa liCKOqe liSHeHa..n.a npell. PHMlhaHe y nOTepli 3a aliXOBliM ll.pyroBliMa, npeceKowe liM nYT li MaqeBliMa liX CBe ll.0 jell.Hor nOceKowe. Y jypliWY HacpHywe saTliM Ha rpa..n.. fpaoaHli, YBlill.eBWli ll.a cy liX BOjHliU.li HanycrliAli li He 3Hajyhli WTO ll.pyro ll.a qliHe, ySMy BeAliKe KOAli'-IliHe CMOAe, nOMewajy je C YlbeM li nycre ll.a saKlinli Ha BaTpli, Te je 6au.e Ha HenplijaTelbe KOjli cy ce neaaAH ys 3lill.liHe. 3aClinaxy liX ys TO TaKBOM KliWOM KaMeaa, ll.a Ha Taj HaqliH roTOBO li36erowe norli6lijy. Ho, CAOBeHli liX nOTOM HaTepawe ll.a ce nOByKY C 6ell.eMa. craAHO Oll.anliayl'm Ha aliX CTpeAe, Te npliCAOHliBWli Mepll.eBliHe 0 3lill.liHe. npli CJ!oeeHuno6ujy npBOM HaAeTY saY3MY rpa..n. li n06lijy neTHaecr Xlilha..n.a lbynemHaecm • xwoaoa JbyOu. ll.li, OnlhaqKaJY CBe :lKHBO, a ll.euy li :lKeHe Oll.Be.zr.y y poncrBO. OCliM Tora, jow Oll. caMora nOqeTKa Ka..n. cy noqeAli jypliwaTli Ha pliMCKe 3eMlbe, HliCY WTell.eAli HliKora, 6e3 063lipa Ha yspacT, y6lijajyhli CBaKora Ha Kora 6li HaMWAli, Y TOAliKOM 6pojy ll.a 3eMlba HAlipa li TpaqaHa 6ejawe npeKpliBeHa HecaxpaaeHliM TeAliMa. Ha Kora 6li HaMWAli, He 6u ra MaqeM, KonlbeM liAli KOjOM ll.pyroM Oll. y06liqajeHliX Bpcra opy.lKja YCMPTUAli, Hero sa6lijajyhli y seMlbY saWli21 lbeHO KOlbe, Ha aliX 6u Ha60Ali 6ell.He CMpTHliKe npOBAaqe~ < hu BPX OWTpor KOAIJ.a Oll.OSll.O KpOS crUll.He ll.eAOBe TeAa U rypajyhli ra CBe ll.O y YTp06y, Te 6u liX TaKO CTaBlbaAli Ha Ha'!:uH.MytteH:>a BeAliKe MyKe. llpOHaWAli cy jow jell.HY BPCTY MY'-Ieaa. Ha KOjU cy ll3.M.UC- 6 6 . J!UJ!U CltoaeHU. qeTUPli BeAUKe MOTKe ll.0 pO sa uJeHe y seMlhy npliBesaTu 6li Hore li pyKe p060Ba, Koje 6u saTliM 6aTliHoM Yll.apaAH no rAaBU Kao ll.a ce paM 0 ncy liAli 3MlijU, CBe ll.OK OHli He 6li y BeAliKliM MYKaMa yMpAli. ,Upyre 6li rraK, Koje 3601' crapocru liAli KaKBe ll.pyre CMeTH>e He 6li MOrAli ca C060M rroBecrli, 3aTBOpliAli y KaKaB cKYT.JeH npocrop sajell.HO C roBell.UMa li oBu.aMa, Te 6li liX TaMO CnaAliAli 6e3 TpyHKe CaMliAOcrli. lloy6lijaBwu TaKO CBe Ha Koje 6u HaliWAli, CAoBeHu ce KOHaqHO Meoyco6HO 3aBa..n.liwe, Te ce onlijeHu MopeM rrpOAliBeHe KpBli BpaTuwe CBOjliM ll.OMOBliMa npenyaeHli cBaKoBpcHliM nAeHOM. HewTO ll.aIbe ll.Oll.aje: Y MeOYBpeMeHY, ll.OK fepMaH 6ejawe saoKYnlheH npuKYrrlbaaeM 6opau.a li rrplinpeMaMa He 6li Ali CBe rroTpe6HO 6liAO 120 Ha Haj60lbu Morynli HaqUH crrpeMHo 3a 6y.zr.yhe paToBaae, CAoBeHli y 6pojy BeneM Hero UKa..n. paHuje rrpeoowe ,llyHaB U ll.OOowe ll.0 Haucyca [HliW]. HeKOAliu.uHa aux, KOjli cy ce Oll.BOjliAli Oll. OCTaAliX U AYTaxy OHUM KpajeBliMa, rra..n.owe y PYKe PHMlbaHliMa. OBli liX rroll.Bprowe MyqeauMa li liCrrUTUBaaUMa He 6u Ali ll.03HaAH pa3Aor rrpeAaCKa ,llyHaBa. CAOBeHU U3ll.p:lKawe, TBpll.enU ll.a Hli 3601' qera ll.pyror HliCY ll.OWAli Y Te KpajeBe, Hero li3 :lKelbe ll.a 3aysMy rpall. COAYH li 06Ali:lKH>a Mecra. ,U03HaBWU TO, u.ap y BeAliKOM crpaxy rrpell. crpawHoM onacHowny rrOCAa fepMaHY nliCMO y KOMe ra MOAli ll.a O,l.l/l.O:lKli rrYT Y HTaAujy li ll.oOe y nOMon COAYHY li ll.pyrliM rpa..n.OBliMa Te rroKpajliHe li .n.a CBliM CHaraMa Oll.6lije CAOBeHCKe Harrall.e. fepMaH ce Tall.a, O,l.l/l.O :lKliBWli CBe OCTaAO, 3aycTaBli TaMO rll.e ra 3aTeKowe u.apeBa rrUCMa. CAOBeHli, orroMeHYTli Oll. po60Ba KaKO ce fepMaH HaAaSli y Capll.liu.li CliAHO ce npena..n.owe, jep fepMaHOBO UMe 6ejawe KOll. aliX Ben Ha rAacy. HaliMe, rroqeTKOM BAa..n.aBliHe aeroBor CTpliU.a JycruHlijaHa, AHTli, KOjli cy 6AliCKli CAOBeHUMa, rrpera3liwe ,llyHaB y BeAliKOM 6pojy Te Hana..n.owe pliMCKe seMlhe. a fepMaH, KOjli je KpaTKO npe TOra liMeHOBaH npecPeKTOM TpaKlije, YXBaTli ce ca aUMa y KowTau. li rrOTYKaBWli liX ll.0 KOHaqHOr rropa3a, roTOBO liX CBe noy6lija. 3axBaIbyjynu TOj rr06ell.li creqe BeAliKY CAaBY U UMe ce aerOBO rrpoqy MeOY CBUM CMPTHuu.UMa. a HapOqUTO Meoy BapBapUMa. OHU, ll.aKAe, Y3ll.PMaHU CliAHliM CTpaxOM Oll. fepMaHa li Bep~ynli ll.a BOM ca C060M BeAliKY BOjCKY, rrorrYT OHe KOjy u.ap 6ejawe rrOCAao y HTaAHjy npOTUB TOTliAe U ll.pyrliX fOTa, OHUM nYTeM KOjli BOM PaBHO Y COAYH, cMecra 3aKpeHYwe Ha ll.PYry crp~, ITa KaKO ce HliKa..n.a HliCY 0ll.Ba:lKUAli Clinu y PaBHliUY, np0ll.pewe Y 'uaAMau.lijy, rrpewaBWU HAliPCKO ropje. OHli CAOBeHU, KOjli y rrpowAocrli HarraAli u.apeBe 3eMlbe, a sa aliMa U ll.pyru uere Hap0ll.Hocru, rrpera3uwe ,llYHaB li cMecra ce nplill.py.lKliwe OHliMa KOjli MaAO npe Tora y CliAHOj pasYSll.aHocrli npoKpcrapliwe 'uaAMaU.lijOM, xapajynu li nlhaqKajynli. MHoru MliCAe ll.a je TOTliAa Te BapBape nOll.MliTliO BeAliKOM KOAliqliHOM HOBu.a li nOCAao UX y TY PUMCKY nOKpajliHy, ca u.lilheM ll.a oHeMorynli u.apa ll.a y6y.zr.yne TaKO AaKO sapaTli rrpOTliB fOTa, nOWTO je 6liO npuculbeH ll.a n0ll.eAli cBoje CHare li o./lYnpe ce CAoBeHliMa. ,Ua Ali cy OHli ll.OWAli Ha TOTUAliHY MOA6y, liAli rraK cBojeBOlbHO, He 3HaM 0 TOMe HliWTa WTO 6liX ca ClirypHowny Morao TBPll.liTli. CAoBeHcKa BojcKa, ll.aKAe, rrOll.elbeHa Ha Tpli ll.eAa, Oll. KOjux CBaKU KpeHY Ha ll.pyry crpaHY, nOqliHli y EBponu HeHa..n.oKHa..n.liBe WTeTe. He nlhaqKaxy, HaMMe, KaKO je 06liqaj, yna..n.ajynli y Hacelba U Oll.HOCenU ITAeH, Hero ce saycraBuwe npe3UMUTli KaO ll.a cy KOll. cBoje KYne, HUMaAO He crperrenu rrpell. HenpujaTelbeM. U,ap 3aTO nOCAa 121 CJ!oeeHU npe.rta3e J!YHae u Hanaoajy Pu.iH.JbaHe. Hacmoje 3aY3emu COJ!YH. 22 CJ!OBeHU npoOupyy J!a.J1.MQ1,&ujy U cee l1JbattKajy. TOmuAa noo.Muhyje CltoeeHe. Pa3apajy LUUPaM Eepone.
Ha IbliX 6HpaHY BOjCK)' no,Z:( 3anOBe,Z:(HHIlITBOM, H3Meoy OCTaAHX, KOHCTaHTHHa. Apall.Hja H Ha3apa, KaO H CBOjHX Ha23 MeCHHKa JYCTHHa H JOBaHa. CBHMa lhHMa nOCTaBH Ha qeAO reHepaAa, HeKor CXOAaCTHKa EBHyxa. TaKO ypeoeHa BojcKa O,Z:(Max cYCTHrHY ,Z:(eo CAOBeHa KO,Z:( XaJ(pHaHOnOAHca, rpaJ(a CMeliiTeHor y YHYTpaIlIlhocTH TpaKHje Ha neT ,Z:(aHa nyTa o,z:( KOHCTaHTHHonolba. He MOraBIlIH KpeHYTH Hanpe,Z:(, HHTH 3aoKpeHYTH y 'z:(pyrOM cMepy, a HocenH ca C060M BeAHK IIAeH p060Ba, OBall.a H MHorHX ,Z:(pyrHX CTBapH BeAHKe Bpe,Z:(HoCTH, 3aycTaBHIlIe ce Ha TOM MeCTY H yAOropHIlIe ce Ha je,Z:(HOM 6pery, ,Z:(OK ce PHMlbaHH YAoropHIlIe y paBHHll.H y 6AH3HHH HenpHjaTelba. 3aY3eBIlIH Taj nOAOJKaj, CAOBeHH HaCT~axy HanH HaqHH ,Z:(a H3HeHa,Z:(a HanaJ(HY PHMlbaHe. 1l0K TaKO H je'z:(Ha H ,Z:(pyra CTpaHa 'IeKa nOByKaBIlIH ce H yKonaBIlIH ce, npooe MHOro BpeMeHa. PHMCKHM BojHHll.HMa 6eIlIe TO Ben ,Z:(OCaJ(HAO, Te 03AojeoeHH nOKa3HBaxy BeAHKO HeCTpIIlbelhe. OnTylKHBaxy CTora JKeCTOKO cBoje HaqeAHHKe ,Z:(a HenpHjaTelb 06HAyje 3aAHXaMa, ,Z:(OK 3aIIOBe,Z:(HHll.H pHMCKe BojcKe yonliiTe He cHa6,Z:(eBajy cBoje BojHHKe, KojH Tpne y He,Z:(OCTaTK)' CBera HYJKHora. H3 HCTor pa3Aora qeCTO rOBopaxy ,Z:(a 6H H npOTHB BOlbe 3anOBe,Z:(HHKa 3aMeTHYAH 60j C HenpHjaTelbeM. CYOqHBIlIH ce C Y3jorylheHHM BojHHll.HMa, 3aIIOBe,Z:(HHll.H ce npOTHB cBoje BOlbe cyK06e ca CAOBeHHMa. CpqaHO ce BojeBaAO, HO Pw.ubaHU nomyttel'tu 00 PHMlbaHH KOHa'IHO 6ejexy Ha,nja'IaHH H HaTepaHH y 6eKCnoeel'ta. CTBO, a MHorH xpa6pH MYJKeBH naJ(OIlIe Y 6Hll.H. H caMHM 3anOBe,Z:(HHll.HMa 3anpeTH onaCHOCT ,Z:(a naJ(HY y PYKe C.lI.ooeHU ce. 6 Y' 6 ootrenajy HenpHjaTelbY, HO cnaCHIlIe ce eKCTBOM. TOj ce Hll.H KOHCmal'tmUfW CAoBeHH ,Z:(OqenaIlIe KOHCTaHTHHOBa 3HaMelha, Te cA060'z:( ea 31'tQ.Me1ba. HO H.nynH YOKOAO KaKO HM je no BOlbH, noxapaIlIe ACTHK On.JbatLajy (ACTHHr), KOjH je CBe ,Z:(OTaJ(a OCTao HeTaKHYT. nOxapaBIlIH Acmwc. CmWKY cee 00 ,Z:(aKAe H OnlbaqKaBIlIH CBe PHMCKO, CTHroIlIe H ,Z:(O MeCTa < i1oHZeMypa. AOHreMypa, y,Z:(albeHOr O,Z:( KOHCTaHTHHonOlba 'z:(aH rryTa HAH qaK HeliiTO Malhe. Ho, y6p30 nOliiTO ce pHMCKa BojcKa onopaBHAa HaKOH 6eKCTBa H nOHOBHO ce oKYIIHAa, KpeHY 3a 24 CAOBeHHMa, Te HaCpHyBIlIH H3HeHaJ(a Ha ,Z:(eo lhHX, HarHa HX y 6er, HeMaAO HX noy6HjaBIlIH H OCA060,Z:(HBIlIH pOnCTBa Pw.ubaHU MHoro PHMlbaHa. PHMlbaHH nOTOM nOBpaTHIlIe H KOHCTaHnoepame THHOBa 3HaMelha H3ry6lbeHa y 6Hll.H. CAoBeHH KOjH yTeu3zyl'ilbel'ta . 31'tQ.Me1ba. KOIlIe 3aje,Z:(HO C ,Z:(pyrHMa H3 CBora Hapo,Z:(a, nOBYKoIlIe ce CMeCTa y cBoje ,Z:(oMoBe. HaHoBo KpeHyaIlIH oTy,Z:(a y BeAHCnooeHU KOM 6pojy, HacpHyIlIe Ha HAHpe H HaHeIlIe HM TaKBe IlITeI{Ul'toce ee.nulCe Te, 'z:(a ce TO peqHMa He ,Z:(a onHcaTH. Uap nOCAa Ha lbHX ~;=a. BOjcK)' Koja, MeOYTHM, 6y.nynH 6pojHO 3HaTHO cAa6Hja, HHje MOrAa 3aMeTHYTH 6HTK)' HCTOra ,Z:(aHa, Hero KpeHY CAe,Z:(HTH HenpHjaTelba OC n03aJ(H, paHHBIlIH H YCMPTHBIlIH MHore CAOBeHe H3 3aIlITHTHHll.e. HeKoAHll.HHY HX 3ap06HIlIe JKHBe H nOCAaIlIe ll.apy y KOHCTaHTHHonolb. Ho ycnpKoc TOMe, 122 BapBapH HHCY caCBHM CnpeqeHH,Z:(a HaHecy BeAHKe IlITeTe. TOKOM MHOro BpeMeHa y IIlbaqKH, cBy,Z:(a HcnYHHIlIe nyTeBe MPTBHM TeAHMa, a KaKO ce He Ha.l.l:>KGe HHTKO TKO 6H HM ce cynpoTCTaBHO, KOHa'IHO ce BpaTHIlIe K)'nH 3'z:(paBH H 'IHTaBH ca CBHM CBOjHM IIAeHOM. npH npeAacK)' JlyHaBa PHMlbaHH HM HHCy MOrAH nOCTaBHTH 3ace,Z:(e HHTH OTBopeHO HX HanaCTH, jep 6H fenH,Z:(H npHTeKAH y nOMon H y 06paHY CBOjHX CAOBeHCKHX caBe3HHKa. Uap 6eIlIe jaKo HeCTpIIlbHB, a HajBena My MyKa 6eIlIe HeMon ,Z:(a CnpeqH CAOBeHe ,Z:(a npeAa3e JlyHaB, KOjH HHCy HH 360r qera ,Z:(pyror npeAa3HAH Hero ,Z:(a IIlbaqKajy PHMCKO UapCTBO. 110 TaJ(a rOBopH npoKonHje 0 CAOBeHCKHM ynaJ(HMa y pHMCKe 3eMlbe H Hana ,Z:(HMa Ha PHMlbaHe. CnOMHlhe TO TaKooe H BjOH1(O, HOBHjH aYTop, aAH caBeCTaH HCTpaJKHBaq ,Z:(aBHHHe. OH, HaHMe, HanHCaBIlIH HeKOAHKO peqH y L 1leKa1(H y KlhH3H 8, 'z:(o'z:(aje 3aTHM: HaKO fpryp BeAHKH He nHIlIe BHIlIe HHIlITa 0 TOj npOBaAH H CAOBeHCKHM ynaJ(HMa y HCTPY, 3HaMO 3aCHryPHO ,Z:(a Taj Hapo,Z:( KOjH je, KaKO CMO nOKa3aAH, 60paBHO C OHe CTpaHe JlyHaBa H KojeM ce TaCT H CHH ll.apa MaBPHKHja 6ejexy cynpoTCTaBHAH, 3aY3e TaJ(a npBH nYT ,Z:(eCHY 06aAy JaJ(paHcKora Mopa H TaMO ce HaCTaHH, TaKO ,Z:(a CBe OHO IlITO ce paHHje 3BaIIIe HCTPOM H 1laAMall.HjOM, caJ(a Ha3HBaMO CAaBOHHjOM. Y cAe'z:(enoj KlhH3H, r'z:(e 06paoyje ,Z:(oral)aje H3 BpeMeHa ll.apa cl>oKe, HaCAe,Z:(HHKa MaBpHKHjeBa, OBaKO nHIlIe: Y TO BpeMe, Ka,Z:(a ce PHMCKO UapCTBo HaIlIAO y HeBOlbaMa 360r 6yHa y A3HjH H ACPPHll.H, CAoBeHH, 3a Koje CMO Ben peKAH ,Z:(a cy ce 3aYCTaBHAH Ha 06aAaMa HCTpe H 1laAMall.Hje, npOBaAHIlIe y 06AHJKlbe nOKpajHHe H pa30pHIlIe CBe PHMCKO IlITO TaMO 3aTeKOIlIe. Y je'z:(HOM H3 HeHaJ(aHOM jYPHIlIy noy6HjaIlIe CBe BojHHKe H3 nocaJ(a KOje je cI>oKa pa3MeCTHo 3a 3aIlITHTy, Te nOKopHIlIe CBe ,Z:(aAMaTHHCKe H HAHpCKe nOKpajHHe y3 JaJ(paHCKO Mope. 3a pa3AHK)' O,Z:( HaBe,Z:(eHHX aYTopa, 1)HPOAaMO Bap'z:(H je 3a6eAeJKHO BpeMe H ro,Z:(HHY CAOBeHCKHX noxo,Z:(a y TpaKHjH H HAHpHK)'. Y ,Z:(pyroM ,Z:(eAY nHIlIe ,Z:(a cy CAoBeHH 548. ro,Z:(HHe HanaAH 1laAMall.Hjy H npo,Z:(pAH CBe ,Z:(O 1lpa'Ia. fO,Z:(HHe 549. noxapaAH cy TpaKHjy, a 550, npeliiaBIlIH rp'IKe rpa-: HHll.e, nOTyKAH TaMO ll.apeBY BOjCK)'. fO,Z:(HHe 552, HanycTHBIlIH nOHOBHO cBoje 3eMlbe H YIIIaBIlIH Y MaKe,Z:(oHHjy, HaHeAH cy TaMO HeH3MepHe IlITeTe, Te 3aYCTaBHBIlIH ce KOHaqHO Ha30BY no ce6H Te KpajeBe CAaBoHHjoM. fO,Z:(HHe 554. Ha,njaqajy 3anOBe,Z:(HHKe H OCTaTKe fOTa H OnlbaqKajy CHll.HAHjy, o,Z:(aKAe HX HCTepa fepMaH, 3anOBe,Z:(HHK BojcKe ll.apa JYCTHHHjaHa. fO,Z:(HHe 585. npoKpCTape 3eMlbe CBe ,Z:(O KOHCTaHTHHonOlba H OIIlbaqKajy 'IHTaBY TpaKHjy. nHIlIe fpryp BeAHKH JOBHjy, HaMecHHK)' ll.apa MaBpHKHja y HAHpHK)', ,Z:(a 591, Tj. ce,Z:(Me rO,Z:(HHe MaBpHKHjeBe BAaJ(aBHHe, CAoBeHH npeAa3e JlyHaB H rryCToIlIe HAHpHK. KaKO nHIlIe 123 renuOu caee3I'tUl&U C.lI.ooel'ta. C.lI.Oeel'tu xapajy I1cmpo.M. I1cmpa u j!a.JI.M.al&uja l'ta3eal'tu cy C.lI.aeoHUjo.M. C.lI.Oeel'tu noy6ujajy pu.MClCe eojHUlCe u 3anoceol'ty j!a.JI.M.al&ujy u I1.l1.upux:. 'BpeMe ClIOeel'tclCUX I'tacpmaja I'ta j!a.JI.M.al&Ujy. noxapajy TpalCUjy. HaojatLajy l&apeey eojclCy. Oceoje MalCeool'tujy. On.Jba4.lC.ajy Cul&U.lI.Ujy. 25
--- B~enu npeo HaBe,n:eHR nana, lhy,n:R ce Ta,n:a, He 6R Ali R36erAli FbRXOBY CJl.OOeHlLMa OKpyTHOCT, CKAOHe Ha OCTpBa. HCTe ro,n:RHe II.ap MaBMnupu ce nooy- pRKRje ,n:RrHe BOjCKy Ha XYHe, KOjR JOJlI o,n: BpeMeHa BpAO ICy Ha ocmpea.. KpyTHor Kpalba ATRAe HacelhaBaxy naHoHRjy ca OHe CTpaHe ,lIyHasa. nOCAa C BOjCKOM TaCTa R CRHa, KOjR TaKO Ha26 MyqRJlIe XYHe, ,n:a cy OHR Ben pa3MRJlIlhaAIi,n:a ce BpaTe Ha cBoja npBOTHa 60paBRJlITa. KOHaQHO oMyqRJlIe n03BaTR y CnooeHu npu- '10. C . X cICatty y nOM.On nOMOH cyce,n:He AOBeHe, KOJR y,n:py:aceHR C YHRMa HarpXYHlLMa. Xapajy 3eM JbOMCee 00 TpattICOZ BocljJopa. BojcICa !lapa MaepuICuja nopa;;ceHa 00 CnoeeHa. CnooeHu nomytteHu 00 JIPUCKa. 3602 CJl.OeeHa je !lap yeeIC nod 0PYJICjeM. Uap 6u npucu- JbeH ycmynu- HYJlIe Ha PRMlhaHe R 3a,n:a,n:OJlIe RM TaKBe MYKe, ,n:a ce OBR R Te KaKO qyBaxy ,n:RpeKTHor OKpJlIaja. CAe,n:ene ro,n:RHe CAOBeHR y,n:apRJlIe Ha PRMCKO UapCTBO R HaHeCOJlIe My cRAlie JlITeTe, Te (KaKO nRJlIe AAecaH,n:po CKyATeTO y CBOM AeTonRCY) npOKpCTapRBJlIR nlhaqKajynR 3eMlhe CBe ,n:o TpaqKor Eocnopa, TaMO ce KOHaqHO 3aYCTaBRJlIe. MasPRKRje 594. ro,n:RHe nOCAa Ha FbRX jaKy BOjCKy, HO (KaKo nRJlIe naBAe oaKoH y 18. KlbR3R R 30Hapa Ka,n: roBOPR 0 MaBPRKRjy) 6R nopa:aceH. OjaqaBJlIR CBOjy BOjCKy, 3ano,n:eHe 60j C HenpRjaTelheM, Ha,n: KOjRM o,n:Hece KpBaBY n06e,n:y. qeTRpR ro,n:RHe KacHRje, y,n:py:acemr C XYHRMa R ABapRMa, Hana,n:OJlIe 3eMlhe PRMcKora UapcTBa. MaBpRKRje ,n:R:ace Ha lbRX BOjCKy no,n: 3anOBe,n:HRJlITBOM faAl!HRKa, Kora nOCAa Ha MeCTO pRMCKe cpaMoTe, HO HR o,n: Tora He 6R HRKaKBe nOMonR. IIlTa BRJlIe, CAOBeHR TRMe JOJlI BRJlIe pacpoeHR, nOHOBHO yna,n:OJlIe y pRMCKe nOKpajRHe R TeK npRCK, KOjR 6eJlIe KpeHYO Ha FbRX, o,n:Hece n06e,n:y. Ho CAOBeHR, RnaK nOHOBHO OKynRBJlIR BOjCKy, npRTRCHYJlIe MaBpRKRja TaKO ,n:a ra (KaKO nRJlIY OaKOH y KlbR3R 18, 30Hapa R EjOH,n:O Y 1. ,lleKa,n:R KlbR3R OCMOj) ,n:p:acaxy CTaAHO no,n: opy:acjeM. 3aTRM ro,n:RHe 600. ro,n:RHe, ,n:OK cy XapaAR 3eMlbaMa UapCTBa, PRMCKR RM 3anOBe,n:HRII.R HaHeJlIe TeJlIKe nopa3e. Ho ycnpKoc TOMe 6RAO je ~HO (npeMa nRcalbRMa OaKOHOBRM R 30HapMHMM Ha nOMeHyTOM Mecry) ,n:a. ce II.ap 3a,n:0~ < mu CnooeHlLMa BOlhR TRMe ,n:a MM ycrynR caMO HAlipRK, KOJR OHM nOTOM HJl.UPUIC, ICoju Ha3Bame CAaBoHRjoM. ,lleo RX 3aY3e KpajeBe y3 Mope, ,n:pyje 3amlLM rn lbRXOB ,n:eo ce 3anyTR y cMepy roplbe naHOHRje, ,n:OK HrueaH CJl.a80HUjO.M. OCTaAI! no,n: BO,n:CTBOM qexa R Aexa npo,n:peJlIe TaKooe R y MOpaBCKy, qeJlIKy R nOlhCKy. OHR KOjR 3aY3eJlIe ,n:aAMaTRHCKe 06aAe He o,n:yCTajaxy, MeOYTRM, o,n: Tora ,n:a npoJlIRpe CBOjy BAaCT, Te FbRXOBa BojcKa 3a,n:a cRAlie MyKe He caMO cyce,n:MMa, Hero qaK R Hajy)l.albeHMjMM Hapo,n:MMa. TaKO 3a BpeMe BAa,n:aBMHe ApROaA,n:a, Kpalba AaHro6ap,n:CKor CnoeeHu ca (KaKO nRJlIe naBAe oaKOH y Tpenoj KFbR3M, nOrAaBlhY 46. eojclCo.M y~rue HCTopMje AaHro6ap)l.a), CAoBeHM oKynRJlIe cRAliY BOjCKy, y AnYJl.uJY27 yooJlIe y AnyARjy M yTa60pMJlIe ce KO,n: rpa,n:a MaH<ppe,n:oJIoprue PuOHea HRje. HacpHY TaMO Ha lbRX PMoHe, BojBo,n:a o,n: EeHeBeHTa, eojeooy 00 HO 6R nopa:aceH M y 6RII.R R3ry6M :acRBOT. ,llOqYSJlIM TO, BeHeeeHma. lberOB 6paT Pa,n:OaA,n: o,n:e CAOBeHMMa, npMjaTelhcKR RM ce 06paTM Ha lbRXOBOM je3MKy M ,n:OHeKAe RX yMRpR, Te OHR 124 06YCTaBMJlIe 60p6e. BM,n:eBJlIM TO. Pa,n:OaA,n: O,n:Max HaBaAI! Ha FbRX M 3aTeKaBJlIM RX HecnpeMHe, noy6Rja RX y BeAMKOM 6pojy. npe)KRBeAli cy 6RA1i npMCMlheHR HanYCTMTR Te KpajeBe, HO Ha nOBpaTKy y ,llaAMaII.Rjy 3aTeKOJlIe ,n:a ce rOTOBO II.eAa ,llaAMaII.Mja yje,n:RHRAa npOTRB FbRX R OKynRAa CMARY BOjCKy Ha yJlIny HepeTBe, He 6R Ali MM CnpeqRAR npRCTyn peII.M. CAOBeHM ce Ta,n:a npeTBapame )l.a ce xone BpaTRTR Ha3a,n:, a ,llaAMaTRHII.R KpeHYJlIe 3a FbMMa, HO Ka,n: ce cnyCTM Hon, M3ry6RJlIe MX R3 BM)l.a. CAOBeHR, CKAOHMBJlIR ce M3a KopqyAe, OCTaHY TaMO npMTajeHR qRTaBOr CAe ,n:ener ,n:aHa, ,n:a 6R YBeqe MCnAOBRAM R3 AyKe M KpeHyAli npeMa ,n:aAMaTRHCKRM 6po,n:OBRMa. HaKOH M3HeHa)l,aHor CAOBeHCKor Hana,n:a, 3anO)l.eHY ce ,n:yra 6RTKa, a CAOBeHM KOHaqHO opy:acjeM npOKpqRJlIe nyT, Te npo,n:peJlIe HepeTBOM CBe ,n:o MeCTa Koja cy Ben paHMje 3ay3eAli. 3aBAa ,n:aBJlIR, )l.aKAe, HepeTBlhaHCKRM KpajeM, Kojer o,n: CTapRHe Ha3Baxy HapOHa, nOCTaJlIe BeAliKa CRAa Ha MOPY M ,n:yro 3a,n:aBaxy MYKe MAeqaHMMa, KOjR 3aje,n:HO C ,llaAMaTRHII.RMa nAanaxy ,n:aHaK OBRM HepeTBlhaHCKRM CAOBeHMMa, KaKO y KlbR3M ,n:pyroj HaBO)l.M Ca6eARKO, MAeTaqKR nRCaII., KOjR Ka:ace: MAeqaHR 3aje,n:HO C ,n:pyrMM ,llaAMaTRHII.RMa nAahaxy ,n:aHaK HepeTBlhaHRMa, KOjM cy ce TOKOM CTO ce~ ,n:aM,n:eceT ro)l.MHa C npOMeHlhRBOM cpenOM 60PMAIi C MAeqaHMMa 3a npeBAaCT Ha MOpy. A njeTpo OYCTRHRaHR, MCTOpRqap MAeTaqKR, y 1. KFbM3M Ka:ace: HepeTBlhaHM, BeqHM, OXOAM R MpCKM HenpRjaTelhR MMeHa MAeTaqKOr, ,n:yro Bo,n:RJlIe 60p6e y pa3HRM R qeCTO KpBaBRM 6MTKaMa C MAeqaHRMa. nOTBpoyje TO R OYARO <papoA)l,O y MAeTaqKOM AeTOnRCY, Ka,n: Ka:ace: HepeTBlhaHR 3a,n:aBame MAeqaHRMa HeBOlhe roTOBO HenpeKR,n:HO TOKOM CTO ce,n:aM,n:eceT ro)l.MHa. Eejexy TO CAaBOHII.M, Her,n:a 3BaHR CAOBeHM (CAaBRHR), KOjR (KaKO ce qRTa y KOHCTaHTRHonOlhCKMM KOMeHTapMMa) HaMyqMJlIe TOKOM )l.yrRX rO)l.MHa HCTOqHO UapCTBO R opy:acjeM OCBojMJlIe OHe FberoBe nOKpajRHe, Koje PMMlhaHR Ha3RBaxy HARPMKOM R KOjR nOTOM no FbRMa ,n:06R RMe CAaBoHRja. PaT M3Meoy HepeTBlhaHCKRX CAOBeHa M MAeqaHa 3anOqe (KaKO ce 3aKlhyqyje R3 <papOA)l,OBa ,n:eAa) 3a BpeMe BAa,n:asRHe HBaHa napTMqRnaTMja, ~a MAeTaqKor, JlITO ce no HRKOAli ,llOlhOHMjy 36R ro)l.RHe 829. HaCAe)l.HRK lberOB neTap fpa,n:eHMKo CKAOnR MRp C HepeTBlhaHCKRM KRe30M MYRjCOM (MRcAaBoM). He,n:yro HaKOH Tora HepeTBlhaHR pacKRHyllie MRp R Y BOjHOM noxo,n:y noxapaJlIe 3eMlhe CBe ,n:o KaopAa, Te nOCAa Ha FbRX CRAHY <pAOTY no,n: 3anOBe,n:HRJlITBOM CBor CRHa HBaHa, C KOjRM je ,n:eARO ~eBcKy qaCT, HO He no,n:y3e HRJlITa ,n:pyro. CAe,n:ene ro,n:RHe, KpeHYBJlIR Ha Mynjca C HOBOM <pAOTOM, 6R o,n: lbera nopa:aceH y nOMopcKoj 6RII.R y3 CTpaJlIHe ry6RTKe 6po,n:OBa, Te ce BpaTR y BeHeII.Rjy ,n:a pacnyCTR 125 PoOOaA.O u3HeHaoa HaeaA.U Ha fbtlX. Mn.ettaHu CJl.OeeHU.Ma. CnoeeHu 1l.ajy 8JbaHCIClLM HepemoaHalC nA.ace oecem cmo ceoa.M- 200uHa 60pe ca Mn.ettaHlLMa 3a npeeA.acm HaM.Opy. 28 pUIC Oceajajy HepemeJbaHa Kaoa pam U Mn.ettaHa. 0PYJICjeM. U3.Me1Jy 3anOtte HJl.uMyujc (MuCJl.ae) ICHe3 HepemeJbaHa. JI.YJICo JIemap T'paoeHulCo no6e1JeH 00 HepemeJbaHa.
Bewe mo 838. zoouH.e. HepeTr!8.!baH. CKU CJ[oeeH.U cycmpaxu mpenemj(aJ! MamUH.14UMa.. rroca,n;e. HHje rr03HaTO MeCTO r.n;e ce TO 36HAO, Hero caMO TO .n;a .ll.,Y)K.l( rropruKeH. He H3ry6Hlile MAeqaHH CaMO y TOM C}'lw6y, Beh (KaKO KruKe ¢apOMO) H y MHorHM .n;pyrHMa Koje rrOBe.n;OIIle TOKOM cAe.n;ehHX ro.n;HHa. nOIIlTO je y BeHeLI;HjH YHarrpeoeH y .ll.,Y)K.l(eBCKy qaCT neTap 1. KaH.n;HaHO, H OH roTOBO O.n;Max 6H rrpHCHlheH 3rpa6HTH op)')Kje rrpOTHB HepeTBlbaHa. Ho HCXO.n; He 6eIIle rrOBOlbaH rro Inera, KaKO rrHIIle MHXO COAHInaHHH y pacrrpaBH 0 .llaAMaLI;HjH, r.n;e 0 paTY HepeTBlbaHa C MAeqaHHMa rOBopH Ha cAe.n;ehH HaqHH: HepeTBlbaHH (KruKe OH), po.n; CAOBeHCKH, 6exy CTpax H TperreT KaKO MeCTa y YHyrpaIIlInOCTH, TaKO H CBHX .n;aA . M MaTHHCKHX rroMopcKHX rpa,n;oBa, a rrOHajBHIIle AeqaHa, 6y.nyhH .n;a TOKOM .n;aeCTa ro.n;HHa HaCTaBHIIle .n;o CMPTH HX rrpOraInaTH, rrpeM.n;a HM MAeqaHH 3a CBe TO BpeMe IIAahaxy .n;aHaK KaKO 6H MOrAH CA060.n;HO rrAOBHTH Ja,n;paHCKHM J~:;OO MopeM, Ha Koje HepeTBlbaHH rrOAaraxy rrpaBO H Ha,n; KOjHM ceOjOM HMaIIle rrOTIIYHY BAaCT. Ko ro.n;je oHY.n;a rrAOBHO, 3axTeBaAH 6J!aw~y. cy.n;a IIAaTH LI;apHHy, O.n;HOCHO rrpOAa3, IIlTO je H 6HO pa3Aor yqeCTaAHM oKpIIlajHMa. HepeTBlbaHH, HaHMe, 3a,n;p2KaBaxy .29 qeCTO MAeTaqKe Aaoe KaKO 6H HaIIAaTHAH .n;aHaK HeHcrrAa3awmo H.acpmaxy H.a MJ!emat{K:e 6poooee. Y pamoea1t>y c Mn~aH.UMa CJ[oeeH.U yeeK: n06e1)yjy. Bumo B06a.Jbeeu~ npOClla6.!beH.U eojcK:oeo1)a. heH Ha BpeMe, Kao H Ha,n;OKHa.ny Y P06H KOjy rrOTpa2KHBaIIle y cAyqajy rrpeKpIIlaja HAH KaIIlH>eIna y HCIIAaTH. npo6· raInaxy MAeqaHe rrpe CBera 3aTO IIlTO cy CBaKHM .n;aHOM. HBaAH CBe CHruKHHjH Ha MOPY y Te2KInH .n;a rrpHCBOje LlaAMaLI;Hjy, Koja rraK ca cBoje CTpaHe, KaKO joj .n;03Aorp .n;HIIle CHAHH 6e306pa3AyLI;H HepeTBlbaHa, rrpH2KelbKHBaIIle InHXOBY rrporraCT. MAeqaHH cy HaMepHO rro.n;CTHLI;aAH TO InHXOBO rroTajHo HerrpHjaTelbCTBO, He 6H AH AaKIIle yrpa6HAH rrpHAHKy .n;a H3MeOY .n;Bejy 3aBaoeHHX CTpaHa H3ByKy CBOjy KOpHCT. YBH.n;eBIIlH Ty MAeTaqKy rro.n;MYKAOCT, HepeTBlbaHH HX 3aMp3eIIle, Te HX CypOBO rrporaH>axy, TaKO H TOAHKO .n;a BHIIle HO je.n;HOM .n;OBe.n;OIIle rpa,n; BeHeLI;Hjy .n;D< KpajIne 6e.n;e H oqaja. YXBaTHBIIlH ce BHIIle rryTa y KOIIlTaLI;, MAeTaqKe cPATe roTOBO yaeK H3ry6HIIle 6HTKe H rrpeTprreIIle BeAHKe IIlTere, a HapOqHTO 3a BpeMe BAa,n;aBHHe .ny2KAa neTpa KaH.n;HaHa. OH (rrorryT .n;pyrHx .ll.,Y)K.l(eBa), AHqHO ce rrpH.n;p)')KHBIIlH cPAOTH y .n;pyroM rroxo.ny, Te 3aMeTHyaIIlH 6HTKy KO.n; KaBo MHKyAO y .llaAMaLI;HjH, y rrOqeTKy rrOKa3HBaIIle rrpeMoh, Te HepeTBlbaHcKH KHe3 MYHjC Beh 6Hjawe crrpeMaH Ha 6er. Ho rrpHTeKHe My Ta,n;a y rroMoh OCTaTaK HepeTBlbaHCKHX 6po.n;OBa rro.n; BO.n;CTBOM BHTa E06alheBHha .lly6pOBqaHHHa, KOjH y TO .n;06a cy.n;eAOBaIIle qeCTO y BOjHHM rroxo.n;HMa rrOMeHYTor HepeTBlbaHCKOr KHe3a, Kao BOjCKOBooa rrpOCAaBlbeH H HCKycaH y 3arrOBe.n;aInY CAOBeHCKHM BojcKaMa Ha KorrHY H Ha MOpy. KHe3 ce Ta.n;a rrOHOBHO CYOqH C HerrpHjaTelbeM, KOjH HaKOH xpa6pe 0.n;6paHe H3ry6H 6HTKy, a .ll.,Y)K.l( 2KHBOT. MAeqaHHMa TO 3a,n;a MHOro CTpaxa, rra oqeKyjyhH .n;a HX HerrpHjaTelb, 2KeAehH JOIIl jaqy 126 ..,..... rr06e.ny, Harra,n;He y InHXOBOj BAacTHToj KyhH, 3aTBopHIIle BeAHKHM AaHLI;HMa YAa3e y AyKe KojHMa ce rrpHcTyrra rpa.ny H rrOCTaBHIIle MHOIIlTBO lby.n;H Ha CTpa2K)'. rOTOBO HCTO TO rrpHrrOBe.n;ajy Ca6eAHKO y rrpBoj KInH3H .n;eBeTe EHea.n;e H 1)aM6YAapH y rrpBoj KInH3H, Te Ka2K)' .n;a neTap KaH.n;HaHO, rrOIIlTO 6H YHarrpeoeH y Ha .lJY)K.n;eBCKy cPYHKLI;Hjy H C 063HPOM Ha TO .n;a cy Ja.n;paHOM XapaAH HepeTBlbaHH, rroCAa Ha InHX cPAOTY, Koja ce BpaTH KyhH HHIIlTa He rrOCTHraBIIlH. 3aTo OH AHqHO KpeHY C .n;BaHaecT 6po.n;OBa H 3aTeKHe HepeTBlbaHe KO.n; KaBo MHKyAO y .llaAMaLI;HjH, r.n;e 3aMeTHYIIle 60j y3 rrOqeTHY rrpeMoh .ll.,Y)K.l(eBy. Ho 6y.nyhH .n;a je TaMO 6HAO MHoro HepeTBlbaHa, YHHIIlTHIIle MAeTaqKy cPAOry, a .lJY)K.n;, rreTor MeceLI;a cBoje BAa,n;aBHHe, rra,n;e y 6HLI;H, xpa6po ce 60pehH. lheroBo TeAO CKAOHHIIle I1cTpaHH, Te ra o.n;HecoIIle y rpa,n;o H TaMO ra caxpaHHIIle. Y3 CAHKy IneroBY y MAeTaqKOM CeHaTY 6H rrOCTaBlbeH HaTrrHC: ,ame CaM npomuB HepemBaHa pamoBao Xpa6po 3aMemHYo 60j, cpeo CBujemJI.02 opy:JICja 3602 n060:JICHOCmU MY:JICeBHO naoox. lby.n;H KOjH ce crraCHIIle 6eKCTBOM KyhH, YHeCOIIle y rpa,n; TaKBY rrOMeTInY, .n;a 6H BeHeLI;Hja, Y3HeMHpeHa HOBocTHMa, 3arraAa y Hepe.n;e .n;a I1BaH napTHLI;HrraTYC He rrpey3e rrOHOBHO, 3a .n;06po Perry6AHKe, HarrYIIlTeHH rrOA02Kaj H .n;a He 3a .n;p2Ka .n;OCTojaHcTBo ycpe.n; TOAHKOr cTpaxa rpaOaHa. nOIIlTO je Y36YHa CTHIIlaHa Ha Taj HaqHH H CTpax paCTepaH, rpa.n;CKH OLI;H H3a6paIIle 3a HOBor .ll.,Y)K.l(a neTpa TpH6YHa, KOjH yTBp.n;H rpa.n; Ha BHIIle MeCTa H orpOMHHM ra AaHLI;eM oCHrypa o.n; HeHa.n;aHHX Harra,n;a OHHX KOjH 6H My XTeAH HaIIlKo.n;HTH. EeIIle TO y BpeMe rrarre I1BaHa (VIII, OKO ro.n;HHe OCaMCTO ocaM.n;eceTe. Ho, HepeTBlbaHH H .n;alhe He o.nyCTajaxy o.n; IIlbaqKe H rryCTOIIleIna, Te 3a BAa,n;aBHHe neTpa CaHYTa, .n;eBeTHaeCTor MAeTaqKOr .lJY)K.n;a, roTOBO OrrKOAHIIle rpa,n; BeHeLI;Hjy. 1)aM6YAAapH OBaKO rrHIIle y ce.n;Moj KH>H3H: 3a BAa,n;aBHHe Tor .ll.,Y)K.l(a Hapo.n; .llaAMaLI;Hje, a HaPOqHTO HepeTBlbaHCKor Kpaja, KOjH CTapH Ha3HBaxy EpoHa [HapoHa], rrpeIIlaBIIlH Ja.n;paHCKO Mope rOTOBO y rroTrryHOCTH OrrKOAH BeHeLI;Hjy, CrrpeqHBIIlH joj cHa6.n;eBaIne MOpCKHM rryTeM, 6HAO xpaHOM HAH KOjOM ro.n; .n;pyroM p060M, Koja HHje MorAa rrpohH a .n;a, H3.n;aAeKa HAH H36AH3a Ha OqH rpa.ny, He 6H 6HAa 3arrAeIneHa H 0.ny3eTa y3 BeAHKe ry6HTKe H IIlTeTe He CaMO 3a rrpeB03HHKe, Hero M02KAa JOIIl H Behe 3a MHOIIlTBO IIlTO HX HIIlqeKHBaIIle y rpa.ny. n peTprre BeHeLI;Hja TO BHIIle rryra, rrpeMa H3BeIIlTajHMa Ca6eAHKOBHM y KInH3H rrpBoj, r.n;e KruKe .n;a ro.n;HHe 976. HepeTBlbaHH 3a,n;aBaxy TaKBe MYKe MeCTHMa Ha MOPY, .n;a BeHeLI;Hja roTOBO He 6ejaIIle y rrOA02Kajy 60lbeM o.n; rrOA02Kaja rpa,n;OBa rro.n; orrca.n;OM, Te cpaMOTa H cpI,I6a rro.n;CTHLI;aIIle CBaqHjH 127 Mn~aH.U3ameapajy npeo CJ[oeeH.UMa YJ[Q3e y J[yK:y J!aH.14UMa. 30 j(yJICo nemap KaH.OuaH.o zy6u JlCUeom 00 CllOeeH.CK:e pyK:e. BeH.e14uja je Y3H.e.MUpeH.a nOpQ30M ceojux. Mnet{aH.U OZpOMH.UM J[aH.14e.M ocuzypaeajy zpao. BeH.e14uja noo CllOOeH.CK:OM oncaooM. 31
-,...-- lJYX Ha OCBeTy. rpal)aHH cy 3aTO roBOPIiAR .n:a ce TO He MO )Ke TprreTH, .n:a MAeqaHH, KOjH ce .n:o Ta.n:a rrpOCAaBHlIIe Ha MOPY, Mopajy rro.n:HOCHTH .n:PCKOCT lIIaqHI.I;e pa36ojHHKa. He MOry ce .n:OBOlbHO Haqy.n:HTH, KaKO je Ca6eAHKO Halliao xpa6poCTH H o6pa3a HarrHcaTH .n:a HepeTBlbaHH y TO BpeMe 6ejaxy TeK lIIaqHu;a pa36ojHHKa, Ka.n: je BeOMa .n:06po rro3HaBao OHO lIITO rrHlIIe y MapKa BapOHa (Kao lIITO ce BH.n:H KO.n: nAHHHja y KIDH3H 3, rrorAaBlbY 20), a TO je .n:a Hacelbe HapOHa, Koja je 6HAa rrpeCTOHHu;a HepeTBlbaHCKa, 6ejaIIIe TaKO BeAHKa H 3HaMeHHTa, .n:a Ha lbe3HH caBeT 6ejaIIIe yrryneHo .n:pyrHx ocaM.n:eceT .n:eBeT rpa.n:OBa, Te .n:a KacHHje rrpBH KpalbeBH H u;apeBH HacTojaxy rrpH.n:06HTH HepeTBalbHCKO rrpHjaTelbCTBO. Mel)y IDHMa 6H H u;apOTOH III, KOjH, ca3HaBlIIH .n:a cy HCTyrrHAH H3 lberoBa CaBe3a, ro.n:HHe 980. rrOBe.n:e rrpoTHB IDHX BOjCKY H (KaKO Ka)Ke Eap.n:H y 2. .n:eAY) 3a.n:a HM MHOro MYKe. Ca6eAHKO je OCHM Tora 3Hao, a H caM TaKO rrHlIIe, .n:a cy HepeTBlbaHH TOKOM CTO ce .n:aM.n:eceT ro.n:HHa BO.n:HAH C MAeqaHHMa 6op6e 3a rrpeBAaCT Ha MOPY H HH 360r qera .n:pyror. TaKol)e He MO)Ke penH .n:a cy MAeqaHH y TO BpeMe HMaAH TaKO MaAO CHara .n:a He 6H MorAH (.n:a ce pa.n:HAO 0 lIIaqHU;H pa36ojHHKa) o.n:OAeTH HepeTBlbaHHMa, jep OH caM TBp.n:H .n:a cy .n:OTa.n: 6HAH YBeK rrpOCAaBlbeHH Ha MOpy. He Balba CTora penH, HHTH y rrOTrrYHOCTH rrOBepOBaTH, .n:a cy HepeTBaaHH 6HAH Ta.n:a lIIaqHu;a pa360jHHKa (KaKO 6H TO XTHO Ca6eAHKO), Ben Hapo.n: CHAaH H H3Y3eTHO rrAeMeHHT. Ka.n: HM MAeqaHH 32 YCKpaTHlIIe .n:aHaK, KOjH cy HM TaKO ,llJ'TO IIAanaAH, HaCAOOeftU ce . nOftoeo op~alIIe ce rrpoTHB IDHX. Ca6eAHKo y.n:pyroJ KlbH3H, crroftaopyJICaeajy MHIDynH TO, Ka)Ke: ,l.lyJK.n: neTap OpceOAO CTeqe HaKAOHOCT npomue BAa.n:apa ErHrrTa H CHpHje 3axBalbyjynH CBOjHM rrOKAHCaMnetiafta Kao pHMa, Kao H rrOTrryHO rrpHjaTelbCTBO CBHX HTaAHjaHcKHx UM oeu yc- . h. Kpame OaftaK. CHAa 3axBalbYJYl1H YCAyraMa H .n:apOBHMa, Te Ka.n: My. ae yqHHH .n:a je rrpaBH TpeHyTaK .n:a ce MAeU;H AaKO OCBeTe HepeTBlbaHHMa 3a CBe CTape H HOBe YBpe.n:e, YCKpaTH HM .n:aHaK HcrrAanHBaH TOAHKO ro.n:HHa 3a CHrypHY IIAOBH.n:6y LlaAMaU;HjoM. HepeTBlbaHCKH BapBapH, Cp.n:HTH Ha MAeqaHe, CMeCTa rrOqelIIe 3AOCTaBlbaTH rrpHMopCKa MeCTa Te, He Hepe7TU3.Jbaftu 3a.n:OBOlbHBlIIH ce THMe, Ha KorrHY YHHlIITHlIIe OKOAHHY 3anycmow.e 01(0- .n:pa, qHjH CTaHOBHHU;H 6ejaxy Ta.n:a je.n:HHH ,llaAMaTHHU;H AUfty 3aopa. rro.n:qHIDeHH MAeU;HMa. Eellie TO OKO ro.n:HHe 996, H .n:o Ta .n:a roBOPH Ca6eAHKo. YrrpaBo y TOM pa3.n:06lbY (Ka)Ke MAeTaqKH AeTorrHC) MAeU;H yseAHKO o6Y3.n:alIIe OXOAOCT HepeTBlbaHa. OBH, HaHMe, rrpeY3elIIe xpHlIInaHCTBO 3a BpeMe BAa.n:aBHHe CBeTorreAeKa [CBaTorryAKaj HAH (KaKO ra Ha3H 1iupuJto ux npe06pamu y Bajy AaTHHCKH rrHCU;H) CQ:>eporrHAa Kpalba IbHXOBora, Kora Xpucmoey je Ha Bepy y XpHCTa rrpeo6paTHO MeTO.n: ct>HA030Q:>, KacHHje eepy. Ha3BaH 1'mpHAO (rrpeMa rrHcaIDY norra LlYKlhaHHHa, EjOH.n:a, Ca6eAAHKa H JoxaHHeca ABeHTHHyca y 4. KlbH3H). 128 nOlliTO cy rrOCTaAH xplIInaHH, 6ejaxy o.n: BeAHKe rroMonH ¥lTaAHjH, KOjy Y BpeMe u;apa BacliARja MaKe.n:oHu;a 3ay3elIIe Capau;eHH KO.n: IIAaHHHe rapraHo y ArrYAHjH. HepeTBlbaHH, .n:aKAe, 3.n:p~eHH C ,lly6pOBqaHHMa H .n:pyrHM cyce.n:HHM CAoBeHHMa (KaKO rrHlIIy Ay.n:OBHK Ty6epoH y nopeKAy ,lly6poBHHKa H reopmje Ke.n:peH y 6HorpaQ:>HjH u;apa BaCHAHja), rrpel)olIIe C BeAHKOM Q:>AOTOM y A6pyu;o, KOjH ce Ta.n:a Ha3HBao THeTH. nOKa3alIIe TaMO CBOjy .n:peBHY xpa6pOCT, HCTepaBlIIH Capau;eHe H3 ¥lTaAHje H rro6HBlIIH HX y BeAHKOM 6pojy, Ha BeqHY cAaBY cAoBeHcKY. 0 THM neMo CAoBeHHMa roBOPHTH KacHHje, a ca.n:a neMo ce BpaTHTH OHHMa 3a Koje CMO peKAH .n:a cy rrpo.n:pAH y roplbY naHoHHjy H Y .n:olbY EaBapCKY. OCBojHlIIe OHH TaKol)e lIITajepcKY, KOPYlIIKY, KpalbcKY H MHore .n:pyre o6AH)KJbe KpajeBe, Te YBeAHKe rrpocAaBHlIIe cBoje HMe. HaHMe, CAoBeHH (rrpeMa rrHcaIDY ABeHTHHYca y Tpenoj KlbH3H) y BpeMe u;apa AHaCTacHja ,llHKopoca, OKO ro.n:HHe rreTCTO ocaM.n:eCeTe, yl)olIIe C BOjBO.n:OM rH3aAOHOM y .n:olbY EaBapCKY, r.n:e ce HaAa3e MeCTO H IIAaHHHe Ha3BaHH BeHe.n:H rro yrrpaBH BeHe.n:CKHX CAoBeHa. npera3HBlIIH ¥lCTap KO.n: Yllina peKe ¥lcap, oCBojHlIIe rpa.n:oBe nH30H, .n:aHac (rrpeMa BOAQ:>raHry Aauy) n030HHjy (nO)KJH), Ayrc6ypr, AU;HAHjy, Mau;eAHjy, .n:aHac 3BaHY (KaKo je rro BOlbH A6paxaMY 0pTeAAY) MOHU;HHr, y 6AH3HHH o6aAe ,llyHaBa C .n:eCHe CTpaHe. 3aY3elIIe TaKol)e H CTape ,llBope, MeCTO y.n:albeHO o.n: PereHc6ypra 15 MHlba Ha HCTOK, Koje .n:aHac 30BY nQ:>ep; aHa Kpajy H AeTIDe ,llBope. Y.n:p~eHH C EojHMa pa36HlIIe 06aACKe CTpa)Ke pHMCKe BojcKe Ha ,llyHaBY. KpeHYSlIIH oCBajaTH PereHC6ypr, y6p30 rrOCTa.n:OlIIe rocrro.n:apH H Tora rpa.n:a. CAOBeHH, HaHMe, KOjH 6ejaxy BpAO BelliTH y HarrHlbaIDY AYKa H 6au;aIDY Korrlba, rrpeIIAaBHlIIe 3H.n:HHe TaKBOM KOAHqHHOM CTpeAa .n:a rrOCKH.n:alIIe C IDHX CBe .n:o je.n:Hora 6paHHou;a. ¥lCTH Taj JoxaH ABeHTHHYC 3aTHM HaCTaBlba H Ka)Ke: PHMlbaHH cy ce 6e3 ycrrexa CYK06HAH C 6aBapCKHM KpalbeM Teo.n:OHOM H ca CAOBeHHMa TOAHKO rryTa .n:a KOHaqHO H3 ry6HlIIe CBaKY H8.,lly .n:a 6H MOrAH 3a.n:p)KaTH Me3Hjy, naHOHHjy H OCTaTaK HopHKa, Te HX HarryCTHlIIe H rro6erOllie y ¥lTaAHjy, OTrrpHAHKe ro.n:HHe rreTCTO rreTHaeCTe. YrrpaBO y TO BpeMe CAOBeHH, .n:aHac TaqHHje 3BaHH KpalbU;H, OCBOjHlIIe oHaj .n:eo HopHKa KOjH je CMelliTeH KO.n: rrAaHHHe Tayp H rAe.n:a Ha HCTOK, a 06yxsaneH je rrpOCTopOM H3Mel)y peKa Mype, liAR MypaBe, ,llpaBe H CaBe, CBe .n:o rro.n:pyqja AKBHAeje, KOjy jOlli YBeK rroce,llyjy, rro.n: HMeHOM KapaHTaHU;H liAR KopYlIIaHH, rrpeMa HMeHY 3aY3eTor MeCTa. C 063HPOM Ha IbHXOBY CAaBY, CTeqeHY MHOro6pojHHM rro6e.n:aMa Ha.n: pa3HHM Hapo.n:HMa, OTrrpliARKe ro.n:HHe rreTCTO .n:eBe.n:eceT H Tpene, ArHAYAQ:> Kpalb AaHro6ap.n:CKH, KOjH Ta.n:a paTOBallie y ¥lTaAHjH H .n:p)Kallie rro.n: orrca.n:OM na.n:OBY, He MOraBlIIH 129 Py6poo'Wftu yopYJICeftu ca opyZUM. CAOeeftUMa npeJUl3e c cJmOmoMY HmaJ!ujy npomue CapalJefta. CJ!Oeeftu 3ay3UMajy llaftoftujy, BaeapcKy, IlImajepcKY, KOpyW.Ky u KpaH:.CKY· 33 I'u3aJ!Oft eojeooa CJ!ooeftCKU. Cnoeeftu oceajajy zpaooee lloJICyft, Ayzc6ypz u MftOZe opyze. llopase Pu.ilubafte u oceoje PezeftC6ypz. CJ!Oeeftu ePJto eew.mu y ooanuH:.aH:.Y cmpeJta. Pu.ilubaftu ce trecmo 6e3 ycnexa 60peca CJ!OeeftUMa. Kaoa Cnoeeftu 3ay3UMajy HopuK.
r I I ! AZlllly,;u:fJ KPQJb je HHKaKO 3aY3eTH, n03Ba Y nOMoh (KaKO nHlile A)"iHO AaH2ot5apoclCU <paYHo Y KFbH3H 6.) CAoBeHe, Te je 3axBaIhyjyhH FbHMa KOys nOMOn HaqHO OCBOjH. KpeHJBWH 3aTHM ca CAoBeHHMa y oCBajaFbe C.JloeeHa sayse IIaooey U FuM. PHMa, nOCTa rocnoAapoM rpa.,ll;a Y pOKY OA rOAHHY AaHa. lleceT roAHHa nOTOM, HCTH ce Taj KpaIh ArMAyAcp 3aBa.,ll;H C 34 PHMlbaHHMa, jep jeAHa FberoBa KhH 6ejawe 3apo6lbeHa, Te HanyCTHBwH MMAaHO, 3aTpruKH nOMoh OA aBapCKOr KpaIha XaKaHa, KOjH My nOCAa CAOBeHe y BeAMKOM 6pojy (KaKO nHWe IlaBAe 1)aKoH y Tpehoj KFbH3H, norAaBlbY 29, HCTOC.JlOeeHU pHje AaHro6apAa). ArMAYACP KpeHY C FbHMa Y nOXOA Ha pasope KpeMoHY H pa3pywH je AO TeMelba AaHa 21. aBryCTa roKPe.MOHY· AHHe 603. Ha nOBpaTKY KYhH, CAOBeHH cy xapaAH C.JloeeHu xapa- 3eMlbaMa X1iAAe6epTa, KpaIha cppaHaqKOr H repMaHCKor, jy q,paHal(KlLM. KOjH nOCAa Ha FbHX CHruKHY BOjCKY nOA 3anOBeAHHWTBOM ICpQJbeeCmeoM. TaCMAa, KHe3a 6aBapCKor, qHje cy ce 3eMlbe Ha HCTOKY rpaIIopWICeHu cy 00 TaCU.Jla. C.JlOOeHU pacKOMaoajy vee XUlbaoe BaeapalJa. OTUb(ll(Kajy BaeapcKY U nomyKy Xepo.Jloa. Oceajajy Hcmpy. C!toeeHu Haojal(Qjy Aeape. HHqMAe ca CAOBeHHMa. 3aMeTHYSWH 60j C FbHMa, TaCMAO HX Ha,z:Jjaqa H nOAqHHH XHMe6epTY, HO TeK WTO ce BpaTHO KYhH, CAOBeHH ce n06YHe. 3aTO ABe xHlbaAe BaBapa1:(a yoe y HenpHjaTelbCTBY Y CAOBeHCKe 3eMlbe, a OBH, 3ajeAHo C KpaIheM CBOjHM XaKaHOM, pa36HBWH 6aBapCKe peAOBe, CBe HX AO jeAHora noceKowe, He OCTaBHBWH Y :H<:HBOTY HH jeAHor jeAHHor (KaKO nHwe JoxaH ABeHTHHYC Y Tpehoj KFbH3H) KOjH 6H 0 TOMe nOCBeAOqHO Y AOMOBHHH. YwaBWH 3aTHM Y BaBapcKY, OnlbaqKaWe je H nOTJKowe AO HOry CHHa TaCMAOBor XepOMa, KOjH HM ce cynpOTCTaBHO C BOjCKOM. Iloy6HjaBwH pHMCKe BojHHKe, 3ay3My HCTPY Kojy cy Beh paHHje (KruKe <paYHO Y OCMOj KFbH3H), Y BpeMe 1:(apa TeoAocHja, BHwe HO jeAHoM OnlbaqKaAH. rOAHHe 617, He MOraBWH BHwe TpneTH aBapcKY CYPOBOCT, CAOBeHH ce HaOPY:H<:ajy npOTHB FbHX, Te H3 6HTKe H3aoowe Kao n06eAHH1:(H (KaKo qHTaMO y MOHaxa AHMoHa, y 4. KFbH3H, norAaBlbY 9, 0 cppaHaqKHM 3roAaMa). Y TOj 6H1:(H, H3MeOY 00-< TaAHX MY:H<: no HMeHY CaMO nOKa3a BeAMKO jYHawTBO, Y TOj MepH Aa ra CAoBeHH nporAace KpaIheM. 3aAp:H<:a OH TO AOCTOjaHcTBo TpHAeceT weCT roAHHa, HCKa3aBWH BeAMKY MYAPOCT H CpqaHOCT Y CBHM CBOjHM He6pojeHHM paTHHM nOXOAHMa H nO,llyXBaTHMa npOTHB ABapa, H3 KOjHX YBeK (KaKO KruKe AHMOH) H3aoe npOCAaBlbeH. Y3e ABaHaeCT CAOBeHCKHX :H<:eHa H C FbHMa H3POAH HCTO TOAHKO CHHOBa H neTHaeCT KhepH. Y HeKOAHKO oKpwaja :H<:aAOCHHX 3a KpaIha 35 cppaHaqKOr .ll.ar06epTa, CaMO ra BHwe HO jeAHoM nOTJ'ie JI.azooepm WQJbe usaC.JtaHUKa lCpatby CQMy. AO HOry, n06HBwH (npeMa OHOMe WTO nHwe KapAO H3 BarpHeHa Y ce)l:Moj KFbH3H 0 BeHeAHMa) MHOro BpCHHX BOjCKOBooa H HeKOAHKO XHlba.,ll;a <ppaHaKa. rpynH <ppaHaKa, KOjH nyTOBaxy H3 HOBor PHMa ca CBOjOM p060M, ycnyT je OAJ3eTa CBa HMoBHHa, a OHe KOjH ce oAJnpewe CAoBeHH y6Hwe. .ll.03HaBwH TO, .ll.aro6epT nOCAa KpaIhY CaMy jeAHora CBor H3aCAaHHKa no HMeHY CHXap, 3aTpa:H<:HBWH OA 130 Fbera Aa HCTpruKH npaBAJ. H3aCAaHHK, YSHAeBwH Aa ra KpaIh CaMO He :H<:eAH npHMHTH, 3aorpHY ce CAOBeHCKOM OAehoM, KaKO ra oBaj He 6H npen03Hao, Te TaKO npepyweH jeAHora AaHa HCTynH npeA Fbera H H3AO:H<:H WTO My rocnOAap FberoB 6Hjawe HaAO:H<:HO, AOAaBWH KaKO CaMO He CMe nOA1:(eFbHBaTH <ppaHKe, Ka.,ll; 3Ha Aa je 3ajeAHo C THM HCTHM HapOAOM nOAaHHK KpalbeBCTBa <ppaHaqKOr. CaMO 6e:H<:e jaKO oropqeH THM peqHMa H OAroBOPH KaKO 6H OH, 3ajeAHo ca CBOjHM HapOA, 6HO OAaH <ppaH1:(HMa Ka.,ll; 6H .ll.ar06epT H FberoBH XTeAH OAp:H<:aTH npHjaTelbCTBO ca CAOBeHHMa. CHXap MY OArOBopH Aa je HeMoryhe Aa XpHCTOBe CAyre CKAone caBe3 HAM HKaKBO npHjaTelbcTBO C nCHMa, Ha WTO CaMO peqe: BH caCBHM CHryPHO HcnOBHeAaTe Bepy XPHCTOBHX CAYry, a MH CMO FberoBa nceTa. CTora OHO WTO BH npOTHB FberoBe BOlbe rpeWHora qHHHTe, HaMa je AOnYWTeHO OCBeTHTH ce yrpH3HMa 3y6a, Te TO H3peKaBWH, CMeCTa ra OTepa. .ll.aro6epT ce Ha TO CTpawHO yspeAH. OKYnH Ta.,ll;a 6HpaRJ BOjCKY H YAapH Ha CAoBeHe. A OHH (KaKo KruKe AHMOH y qeTBpToj KFbH3H, norAaBlbY 23) pa3 6Hwe Haj60lbH Aeo cppaHaqKe BojcKe H OABeAowe MHOro p06lba. O)l:Max nOTOM nojypHwe y nOMoh CBOjOj CAoBeHcKoj 6pahH Koja je 6MAa nOA OnCa.,ll;OM cppaHaqKOM y KawTeAY BoracTPY, Te HacpHyswH Ha HenpHjaTelbe, HaTepawe HX Y 6eKCTBo H HeKOAH1:(HHY n06Hwe, OTeBWH HM CBY onpeMY H waTope. Jow BHwe OCOKOlbeHH TOM n06eAoM, CAOBeHH Y BeAHKOM 6pojy HaBaAHWe y THpHHrHjy H y Apyra MeCTa y cppaHaqKOM cyceACTBY. Ha TO BojBoAa .ll.epBaH, nOA qHjOM ynpaBOM 6ejaxy OHH CAOBeHCKH rpa.,ll;OBH KOjH AOTa.,ll; 6exy OAP:H<:aAH npHjaTelbCTBO C <ppaH1:(HMa, BHAeBWH nAOAHe H BeAMKe CAOBeHCKe ycnexe H Aa cy <ppaH1:(H CBaKaKO Ha.,ll; BAa)l;aHH, n06yHH ce H npHCTJTIH CAOBeHHMa. OHH ce HeKO BpeMe 3a.,ll;p:H<:aWe y nYCTOweFbY KpaIheBCTBa <ppaHaqKOr, HO 3aTHM ce OKpeHYwe npOTHB HTaAHje, Te YWaBWH Y 3eMlbY roAHHe 640. MAH naK 650, KaKO TBPAH BapAH, nOqHHHWe BeAMKe WTeTe, a nOTOM ce, Ha,z:J;BAa.,ll;aHH OA rpHMOaMa, nOBYKoille CBOjHM KYhaMa. Ho, He OCTa.,ll;owe TaMO AYr0 MHpHH, Beh nOHOBHO 3apaTHIIle C .ll.aro6ePTOM. CYK06HBIIlH ce C AMOPOM, KOjH HaKOH Ky60Kapa nOCTa.,ll;e BAa.,ll;ap AYHaBcKHX CAoBeHa, .ll.aro6ePT H3aoe H3 npBor oKpwaja KaO n06eAHHK, HO nOHOBHO ce CYK06H ca CAoBeHHMa H 6H n06eoeH (KaKO nHwe KapAO H3 BarpHeHa y cell: MOj KFbH3H). BHAeBWH TO, CAOBeHH KOjH cy 6MAH nOA CaMOM HacpHYwe Ha <ppaHKe H OKPyTHO onYCTOWHwe FbHXOBe 3eMlbe . .ll.aro6epT Ta.,ll;a OAA)"iH OCBeTHTH ce CAOBeHHMa 3a CBa HaHeceHa MY 3Aa, Te H3a6paBWH HajBpcHHje 60p1:(e KpaIheBCTBa, KpeHY Ha FbHX. IlyTeM My H3aOY y cycpeT caCKH rAaCHH1:(H, y3 06ehaFbe H nOHYAJ Aa he OHH Ha.,ll; CAoBeHHMa H3BPWHTH AY:H<:HY oCBeTY, aAH y3 noroA6y 131 JI.azooepm noeeae eojcKY Ha C!toeeHe U t5yoe nOPWICeH. CJtoeeHU xapajy TuPUH2UjOM. 36 JI.epeaH. C!tOfJeH.. C!toeeH.uy1)y y Hma.Jtujy U HaHoce wmemy. MOp, KH.e3 oyHaec/CUX C!toeeHa, pamyjec 1Cpatbe.M JI.azooepmOM. C!toeeHU nycmowe q,paHal(Ke Se.M.1be.
I H YCAOB, MebYTHM, .n:a HX ,llaro6epT OCAo6o.n:H ro.n:HlllFher .n:aHKa o.n: neT CTOTliHa KpaBa Koje cy nAanaAH cPpaHaqKHM Kpan:.eBHMa jOIll o.n: BpeMeHa XAOTapa, npBora cPpaHaqKOr Kpan:.a Tor HMeHa. ,llaro6epT npHXBaTH H OCAo6o.n:H me .n:aHKa; HO, ycnpKoc CBeMY TOMe, HHje 6HAO nOMonH. HaHMe, CAOBeHH (npeMa H3BelllTajHMa AliMOHOBHM y qeIIycmoU1;e TBPTOj KFhH3H, nOrAaBIbY 26), HaBaAHBlllH y THpHHrHjy 'fuPUHZUJY· cAe.n:ene ro.n:HHe, a TO je 6HAa je.n:aHaeCTa ro.ll:HHa ,llaro6epTOBe BAa.n:aBHHe, onyCTolllHllle qHTaB Kpaj. ,llaro6epT je 6HO 3aTO npHCHIbeH nOCTaBHTH Ha BAaCT y AYCTPHjH CHHa Cm'6ePTa C Kpan:.eBCKHM 3BaFheM, KaKO 6H qYBao Te rpaHHlJ,e o.n: CAOBeHa. na H y3 CBe TO, OHH cy H .n:an:.e HaHOCHAH lllTeTy cPpaHaqKHM 3eMlbaMa, TaKO .n:a ,llaro6ePT, .n:o37 Be.n:eH rOTOBO .n:o oqaja, CKYnH TpH BojcKe, cBaKY o.n: ne.n:eceT XHIba.n:a 6opalJ,a, Te me nOCAa Ha CAoBeHe Kpan:.a HaojattaH.u 00 CaMa. CYKo6HBlllH ce C HenpHjaTelbeM y AryHTy, Kpan:. Cac;[JpaH.aJ<::a. MO 6H Ha,njaqaH 3axBan:.yjynH He TOAHKO xpa6pOCTH HenpHjaTeIbeBoj KOAHKO BeAHKOM aeroBY 6pojy. Y TOM ce Bopym pa3.n:06lbY TH CAOBeHH npeo6paTHille Ha XpHCTOBY Bepy, H.aCJteOH.UI': Ka.n: CBeTH KOAYM6aH .n:obe Meby FhHX nponOBe.n:aTH Je I':pa.!ba Ca.Ma. BaHbeIbe. HaKOH CMPTH CaMOBe, HaCAHje.n:H ra BOPYT HAH, KaKO ra 30Be BOAcPraHr i\alJ, y 6. KH>H3H, Bopyx KOjH, KruKe i\an 6ellle npBH nOKplllTeHH Kpan:. KapaHTaHcKHx CAoBeHa. npHMH OH KplllTeFhe o.n: 6AruKeHor ,lloHHHra, yqeHHKa Y3BHllleHor PynePTa, 6HcKYna jYBaHCKOr H npOCBeTHTeIba KpaFhcKor. Kao rapaHTe BepHocTH cBoje .n:a.n:e Kpan:.y,llaro6epTy 3a TaOlJ,e CBor KapaCTa (ropa3.n:a) H YHYKa KOTeMHpa CnoeeH.U 6 . nOH.U,3e XYH.e. (XoTHMHpa). CYKO HBlllH ce 3aTHM C XYHHMa, KOJH xapaxy BOPYTOBHM 3eMlhaMa, CKplllH HX, nopa3H H noceqe. HaKOH XomUMup l':H.e3 CMpTH BopYToBe, 3aBAa.n:a CAOBeHHMa HopHKa HAH KapaHl':apaH.maH.C/UlX TaHHje cnoMeHYTH XOTHMHP, a npeMa i\auy, MebYTHM, CnoeeH.a. ropa3.n:. 3a BpeMe BAa.n:aBHHe FherOBe MajopaH, MpK yqeH, nponoBe.n:allle OHOMe Hapo.n:y XpHCTOBY Bepy, Te HX FhOj CnoaeH.CI':U noyqH. CAoBeHcKH ce nAeMHnH Ta.n:a no6YHHille npOTHB 11.J!e.MUhu ce XOTHMHpa, jep je o.n:6alJ,HO .n:peBHy Bepy CBOjHX npe.n:aKa H nooYH.e npomua npHrpAHO HOBy. Ha TO TacHAo ,llpyrH, KHe3 6aBapcKH, .n:oXomUMupa. be y nOMon XOTHMHPY H npHCHAH no.n:aHHKe aeroBe Ha nOCAYIllHOCT CBOM BAa.n:apy. HaKOH aeroBe CMPTH, Mebyl1cmepajy THM, CAOBeHCKH nAeMHnH HanYCTHllle xpHlllnaHCTBO H XPuw.1!.aH.cl':e . ca€w.meH.Ul':e U OTepalile CBelllTeHHKe y BaBapCKY. YlllaBlllH y ¢lyPAaHHJY, oooa16e a€py. cYKo6Hllle ce TaMO C BOjBO.n:OM <l>ep.n:yAcPOM Te, YCMPTHBlllH ra y 6ojy. H3BplllHille CTpalilaH nOKOIb aerOBHX IbY.ll:H, KaKO nHllle naBAe 1)aKoH (y Tpenoj KFhH3H, norAaBlbY 23), KOjH KruKe .n:a 2KHBOT H3ry6Hllle BojBo.n:a <l>ep.n:yAcP H ApraHT, HaMeCHHK FheroB KOjH ra je no.n:CTaKao Ha Taj OKplllaj. YcAe.n: cnopa H Hepa36opHTOCTH <l>ep.n:yAcP0BHX H ApraHToBHX, na.n:e KOHaqHO TOAHKO CHruKHHX H xpa6pHx MpKeBa KOAHKO 6H HX 6HAO .n:OBOlbHO, caMO .n:a cy 6HAH BobeHH 132 caBjeToM My.n:PHM H pa36opHTHM, .n:a CBAa.n:ajy XHlba.n:e H XHlba.n:e npOTHBHHKa. Ka.n: y cnoMeHYToj nOKpajHHH <l>ypAaHHjH BOjBo.n:a nOCTa neHMOH. OTalJ, Paqa (PaTKa) H Paqe (PaTKe), CAOBeHH ra 6e3 HMaAO nOIllTOBaFha npHCHAHllle Ha CKAanaFhe MHpa. Ka.n: Paqo HacAHje.n:H THTyAy BOjBo.n:e, HenpOMHIllIbeHO paCKH.n:e Taj MHp H yna.n:e y KpaFhCKY, .n:OMOBHHY cAoBeHcKY, nyCTolllenH qHTaBY 3eMIby. Ho, 3a TO npHMH 3aCApKeHY Ka3HY, jep CAOBeHH HaoppKaHH HaBaAHllle y FheroBe 3eMIbe H HaHellle BeAHKY lllTeTy, KaKO TO naBAe 1)aKoH KruKe y norAaBlbY 52. Taj ce ayTop, r.n:e ro.n: .n:a rOBopH 0 CAOBeHHMa, He nOKa3yje MHOro HaKAOFheH TOM Hapo.n:y, Te YMaFhyje lllTO ro.n: BHllle M02Ke FhmeOBY cHary H xpa6poCT. Pa3Aor TOMe je lllTO CAOBeHH (KaKO nHllle BjOH .n:o y 1. ,lleKa.n:H, KH>H3H 10) 3apaTHille MHOro ITYTa C i\aHro6ap.n:HMa, qHjeM po.n:y 1)aKoH npHna.n:a. By.n:ynH .n:a CAOBeHH, .n:aKAe, KaKO je peqeHO, 6exy o.n:6anHAH XpHlllnaHCTBO, TacHAo, ojaqaBlllH CBOjy BOjCKY, nOHOBHO yna.n:e y FhHXOBY 3eMIbY H HaKOH HeKOAHKO oKplllaja HX nopa3H, Te HM .n:o.n:eAH BOjBO.n:y, a TO je 6HO BaA.ZlYHr. CBelllTeHHlJ,H XeMOH H PemHaA.Il:, a ca FhHMa MajopaH, rOTap, EpHHo6epT, PerHHap.n:, AyryCTHH H rHHTep nponoBe.n:axy CAoBeHHMa peq B02Kjy, o.n: Koje BeAHKalllH, a OHH 6ejaxy BHTe30BH, y nOTnyHoCTH 3a3Hpaxy. Ho, I1HroH, HacAe.n:HHK BaA.Zl:yHroB, npeo6paTH HX Ha xpHlllnaHCTBO npHpe.n:HBlllH r036y, Ha HaroBop ApHa, 6HCKYna CaAlJ,6YPIilKOr. By.n:ynH .n:a BaA .Il:YHr, Kora Cm'e6epT H3 )KaM6Aya 30Be I1HroH, He ycne npeo6paTHTH Ha xplllHnaHCTBO BeAHKalile OHaKO KaKO je yqHHHO ca CeIbalJ,HMa, n03Ba je.n:Hora .n:aHa Ha ro36y CBe cBoje no.n:aHHKe, Te nAeMHne O.n:BOjH o.n: ceIbaKa. CeIbaKe nOCTaBH 3a CBOj CTO Te HX y3 nOqaCTH nocApKH jeAHMa y cpe6pHHM H 3AaTHHM nocy.n:aMa, .n:OK cy nAeMHnH y.n:an:.eHH o.n: Fhera nocApKeHH y 3eMIbaHHM nocy.n:aMa. YnHTaH 3a pa3Aor, BaA.ZlYHr O.n:roBOPH .n:a je o.n:pe.n:Ho .n:a CTOAOBH 6y.n:y nocApKeHH npeMa KBaAHTeTy Y3BaHHKa, jep CeIbalJ,HMa je, nOIllTO cy xpHlllnaHH H npOqHlllneHHa npeqHCTOM KPBlbY I1CYCOBOM, .n:yllla qHCTa H HeoKan:.aHa, .n:OK je nAeMHnHMa H.n:oAOnOKAOHHlJ,HMa .n:yllla OKan:.aHa H rpelllHa. To nOTcTaKHY CAOBeHCKe ITAeMHne .n:a CBH nOCTalile xpHlllnaHH. Ory.n: nOTHqe H oHaj CBeqaHH o6pe.n: KOjH ce ynpruKFhaBa npH H360py BOjBo.n:e y KapaHTaHHjH. By.n:ynH .n:a BojBo.n:a npHMa 3HaMeFhe CBora .n:ocTojaHCTBa Ha HaqHH npHAHqHO qy.n:aH H pa3AHqHT o.n: CBHX .n:pyrHX, o6pe.n: 3aCAY2KYje (6apeM 3a 3a6aBY OHOMe TKO qHTa) .n:a 6y.n:e onHcaH HajKpahe lllTO ce M02Ke, 3aHeMapyjynH noje.n:HHOCTH. ,llaKAe, He .n:aAeKO o.n: KalllTeAa CBeTor BH.n:a, y je.n:Hoj .n:OAHHH, jOIll ce .n:aHac HaAa3e PYllleBHHe .n:peBHora rpa.n:a, TaKO CTapor, .n:a My je H .n:peBHO HMe H3ry6IbeHO. nOKpaj pYllleBHHa, Ha BeAHKOj AHBa.n:H, Ae2KH orpOMHa H BHCOKa MpaMopHa ITAoqa. 133 Patto (Paml':oj aojaoOa ijJYPJtaH.CI':U. 38 CJtoa€H.U xapajy c;[JYPJtaH.ujoM. IIa8Jte 15al':oH. H.enpujam€Jb CJtoe€H.CI<:OZ UM€H.a. IIponoa€o H.U16U KapaH. maH.C/UlX Cnoe€H.a. Kal':o ce l':apaxmaH.cl':U CJtoa€H.u apamuw.e xpuwliaH.cmay 39 CaettaH.U oopeo U,36opa KapaH.maH.CKO z aojaooe.
r Ha TOM MPaMOpy, npll KpYHllCalbY HOBora KHe3a, ce,n;ll CeIbaK KOMe Taj nOAO>Kaj npllna,.a;a npeMa CTapo,n;peBHOM npaay npBeHCTBa lberoBor po,n;a. C ,n;eCHe cBoje CTpaHe ,n;p>Kll UPHY KpaBy, a C AeBe jaKY MpllIaBy II PY>KHY Ko6HAY· OKO BeAllKOr KaMeHa CTojll MHOllITBO Hapo,n;a, a HajBllllIe CeIbaKa, y llllI'!eKllBalbY HOBor BAa,.a;apa. Ka,n: ce Taj nojaBll nycmou:e y,n;HY AllBa,.a;e, npllCTynll y pacKollIHoj npaTlbll 6oraTo o,n;eTupU.H2UJY. BeHllX nAeMllli.a II BeAllKallIa. TIpe,n; CBllMa cryna rpocp ropll'!Kll, Majop,n;OM KHe>KeBa ,ll;Bopa, Hoceli.ll ll3Meoy ,n;BaHaeCT MalbllX 3HaMelLa BeAllKY 3aCTaay Ha,.a;BOjBO,n;llHY. l-f3a BAa,.a;apa CAe,n;e BeAllKo,n;OCTojHllUll II ,n;p>KaBHll ,n;OCTOjaHCTBeHllUll II OHll, nonyT '!llTaBe ,n;pY>KllHe, o,n;eBeHll y Haj60Iby o,n;eli.y Koja ce MO:>Ke Hali.ll. Meoy CBllMa lbllMa, CaMO je KHe3 o,n;eBeH nonyT CeIbaKa, 3aorpHYT rpy60M ceIba'!KOM O,n;OpOM, Te TaKO npllcryna OHOM MPaMOpy. Ho CeIbaK KOjll Ha lLeMY ce,n;ll, yrAe,n;aBllIll BOjBO,n;y, nllTa Ha je3llKY CAOBeHCKOM ll3 CBer rAaca: Ko je Taj, KOjll ,n;OAa3ll y TaKO BeAllKoj pacKollIll? A Hapo,n; KOjll CTOjll YOKOAO o,n;roBapa My: HallI je TO HOBll BAa,n;ap, KOjll ,n;OAa3ll npeY3eTll ,n;p>KaBy. CeIbaK Ta,.a;a nOHOBHO 3anllTa: Je All OH npaBe,n;aH cy,n;llja? Te>Kll All OH ,n;o6po6llTll ,n;OMOBllHe? Je All OH CAo6o,n;aH II cp'!aH '!OBeK, ,n;OCTojaH II '!aCTaH, npaBll xPllllIli.aHllH, 6paHllTeIb II llIllpllTeIb CBeTe Bepe? A Ha CBaKO o,n; TllX nllTaa,a nyK o,n;roBapa: ,lla, ,n;a, OH TO jeCTe II TaKO li.e '!llHllTll. KOHa'!HO ceIbaK ,n;o,n;a: H3 Kojer Me OH TO pa3Aora >KeAll YKAOHllTll C OBor ce,n;llllITa? Ha TO My rpocp 40 ropll'IKH OBaKO o,n;rOBapa: 3a ce,n;aM,n;eceT ,n;eHapa li.e OTKYnllTll o,n; Te6e TO MeCTO, a >KllBOTlllbe li.e OBe, Ko6HAa II KpaBa, 6llTll TBoje. ,llo6llli.ellI o,n;eli.y KOjy KHe3 Ha ce6ll HOCll II 6llli.ellI cAo6o,n;aH Tll II ,n;OM TBOj, 6e3 nAali.alba llKaKBor ,n;aHKa. TIyqaHllH Ta,n;a Ka>Ke KHe3Y, AaraHO My AynllBllIll PYKOM Allue, HeKa 6y,n;e npaBe,n;aH cy,n;au, O,n;HOCHb HeKa no npaBy cY,ll;ll. Clloe Ta,.a;a C OHor MPaMOpa II XllTpO HanyCTll TO MeCTO C KpaBOM II Ko6HAOM. Ha TO ce KHe3 nonHe Ha BeAllKll KaMeH Te ll3BYKaBllIll Ma'I ll3 Kopllua, CTpora ll3pa3a, 3aMaxHe lLllMe II oKpeHe ce yqllHllTll TO llCTO ca CBaKe CTpaHe KaMeHa, He 6ll All Ha Taj Ha'!llH, KaKO ce 'IllHll, o6eli.ao npaBe,n;aH cy,n;. HaAO>KllBllIll ,n;a My ce ,n;OHece Bo,n;e, jaBHo nllje ll3 CeIba'IKOr KAo6YKa (llIenmpa), BaIb,n;a y 3HaK Tpe3BeHoCTll, Tj. Te ,n;a ce Heli.e ,n;aTll no,n;MllTllTll BapIbllBllM y,n;06HocTllMa TOAllKllX ,n;parou:eHOCTll. CllllIaBllIll nOTOM c KaMeHa, C 'IllTaBOM ce ,n;PY>KllHOM 3anyTJI y 06All:>K1f,y UPKBY, Te o,n;CAYllIaBllIll TaMO HajcBe'!aHlljy OTneBaHY CAY>K6y Koja ce 3aMllCAllTll MO>Ke, CKHHe CeIba'IKY o,n;eli.y, npe,n;a llX ceIbaKY C MpaMopa, Te ce npecByqe y BAa,.a;apcKj' o,n;opy. Ce,n;HyBllIll 3aTJIM 3a CTO ca CBllM nAeMllli.llMa II BeAllKallIllMa, '!aCHO o6e,oyyje II BpaTJI ce Ha AllBa,ll;y, r,n;e Ha Cy,n;llllITy 3a TO npllnpaaIbeHOM ,n;eAll 134 npaB,n;y OHOMe KO je 3aTpa>Kll HAll naK, y CKAa,ll;y C 06ll 'IajllMa Te 3eMIbe, ,n;apyje noce,n;e II AeHa, KaKO My je aeli. 3ro,n;HJIje. OnnmpHJIje 0 TOMe y CBOjOj EBpOnJI npllnOBe,n;a EHea CHABllO, KacHllje [nana] TIJIO II, KOjJI 6ejallle npllcyTaH TOM o6pe,n;y y KapaHTaHlljJI. Y'!BPCTllBlllll ,n;aKAe cBoje KpaIbeBCTBO, CAOBeHll ce CYK06IbaBaxy '!eCTO C <ppaHU:JIMa. OBll OKj'llJIllIe BeAllKO MHOlllTBO IbY,ll;ll no,n; BOOCTBOM AHXll3a, ou:a TIllnJIHa HajMAaoer, KOjll 6ejallle ,n;BOPCKJI ynpaBJITeIb cppaHa'IKOr KpaIba Teo,n;opJIKa, Te ro,n;llHe 667. 3aMeTHYllle ca CAOBeHJIMa 60j ll3 Kojer JI3aoOllIe nOpa>KeHll, a AHXll3 (KaKO CBe,n;O'!ll JoxaH ABeHTllHYc y '!eTBPTOj KH>ll3ll) ll3ry6JI :>KllBOT Y 6llU:JI. HaKOH HeKor BpeMeHa, 3aBa,.a;JIllIe ce CAoBeHll C XaKaHOM, KpaIbeM ABapa, llaKO JI OBll 6ejaxy Hapo,n; CAOBeHCKll KOjll y CBOjOj BAaCTJI ,n;p:>KallIe BaBapcKY, na xapaxy nycTollleli.JI lbllXOBY 3eMIbY, TaKO ,n;a XaKaH Ha Kpajy 6ellle npJICllIbeH HanycTllTJI je. CTom ro,n;llHe 805. (KaKo TBp,n;e TIeTap CYCPPJI,n;JI JI onaT PerJIHOH y ,n;pyroj KH>ll3ll CBor AeTOnllca) XaKaH ,n;ooe u:apy KaPAy BeAllKOM, Tpa>Keli.JI o,n; a,era MeCTO ll3Meoy Ca6aPJIje JI KapaHTaHJIje r,n;e 6ll ce HaCTaHllO, jep ,n;a, npeMa lberOBllM TBp,n;lbaMa, He MO:>Ke BJIllIe npe6llBaTJI Ha npBO6llTHOM CBOM 60paBlllllTy 360r CTaAHllX HenplljaTeIbCKHx yna,.a;a y a,eroBY 3eMIbY, ll3 Koje ra CAOBeHJI KOHa'!HO llCTeparne 3aje,n;HO C XYHJIMa. CAOBeHJI ce, HallMe, Ta,.a;a no,n; BOOCTBOM TIpllMllcAaBa, t.{eMllKaCa, CTOllMJIpa II OTorepa, HaCTaHJIllle OKO peKe ,llpaBe, o,n; 6aBapCKllX rpaHllu:a ,n;aIbe. He,n;yro HaKOH Tora OHJI CAOBeHJI KOjll HaCTalLaaaxy KpajeBe OKO ,llyHaBa JI y HOPllKj', y,n;PY>KllBlllll ce C BaBapUJIMa, HacpHyllle Ha rOPlby TIaHOHJIjy Koja, npeMa PllMCKllM OnJICJIMa, 06YXBaTa npoCTOp ll3Meoy,llyHaBa, CaBe II ,llpaBe. KpeHYllle 3aTJIM OPY>KjeM HQ ,llaKlljy C ,n;pyre CTpaHe ,llyHaBa, r,n;e pa36llllIe, nOTyKOllIe II caceKOllle OCTaTKe ABapa JI XYHa. TIOKOPJIBlllll 3eMIbe CBe ,n;o Ylllli.a CaBe, npeMa npll'Ialby JoxaHa ABeHTllHYCa y 'IeTBPTOj Klbll3ll, yTeMeIbllllIe TaMO Haceo6llHe Baaapaua JI CAOBeHa. HCTll ayTop 3aTllM Ka>Ke KaKO rOTOBO llCTOBpeMeHO KOHCTaHTJIHOnOIbCKJI u:ap HllKecpop nOCAa KapAY BeAJIKOM JI3aCAaHllKe, TIeTpa 6llCKYlla II KaAJICTa. ,llBojJIu:a BAa,.a;apa CKAOnllllle TaKO Mllp [812. ro,n;JIHe) Te 6ll 3aKIbyqeHo KaKO KapAY npllna,.a;ajy TIaHoHllja, ,llaKJIja. HCTpa, All6ypHllja JI ,llaAMau:JIja, ll3Y3eB CBem HeKOAllKO npJIMOpCKllX rpa,n;OBa npenylllTeHJIX HllKecpopy. He,n;yro HaKOH Tora, 6y,n;yli.ll ,n;a ,llaAMaTJIHU:llMa 6ejallle Beli. MpCKa npeBPTIbJIBOCT rpKa, noCAallIe KapAY BeAllKOM cBoje JI3aCAaHJIKe TIaaAa, HaMeCHllKa 3a,n;apCKor, JI ,lloHaTa, 6llCKYna JICTOra rpa,.a;a, C noPYKOM ,n;a ce nOKopaBajy KpyHll cppaHa'!Koj. ,llo3HaBllIll 3a no6yHY ,llaAMaTllHau:a, HllKecpop nora3ll MJIP C KapAOM JI nOCAa C BOjCKOM Y ,llaAMaU:lljy HJIKeTy TIaTpJIU:llja KOjll, 135 naliOlillu nOpwlCeliu 00 C.noeeHa, a AHXU3 U3i?!J6u JlCUeom y 6ullu. 41 C.noeeliu ucmepajy XYHeU3 1bUXoee 3eM..1be. C.noeeliu lianaoajy iiOp1bY nalioliujy. CaceKY ocmamKe Aeapa. CnoeeHcKa liaCe.Jba y J!.aKUju. M.nupuKje noOe.1beli U3.MeOy oea llapa. J!.QJ/.MamuIi1,lu Ul.a.Jby U3ac.naIiUKe Kap.ny U 6Ylie ce npomueTpKa.
-' y6p30 HaKOH CBor .ll:OAaCKa, He caMO.ll:a nOBpaTH OHO llITO Y fIodena llaAMaU:HjH 6ellIe rp'lKO, Hero H MHoro BHllIe O.ll: Tora. Ho, ,aa.n.M.aTJuje HaKOH CMpTH KapAOBe H HHKecPopoBe, a 6ellIe TO ro.ll:HHe U3M.e/)y TJapeea lIydoeUKa U OCaMCTO ocaMHaeCTe, i\Y.ll:OBHK IIo602KHH, CHH KapAOB, nolIaea. .ll:eAH ,llaAMaU:Hjy C KOHCTaHTHHonOIbCKHM u:apeM MBOM. Y TO ce BpeMe lhY.ll:eBHT CAOBeH, rocnO.ll:ap .ll:oae naHoHHje, 42 Koja ce .ll:aHaC 30Be IIo2Kera, no6YHH npoTHB u:apa i\Y.ll:OBHKa 6y,zryllH .ll:a My Taj YCKpaTHO TIAanaae. H3a3Ba CTpaIIIHY pa3japeHoCT Y HCro'lHOj BasapcKoj, npH.ll:06HBllIH 3a ce6e Byrape, KapaHTaHu:e H .ll:eo Kpaaau:a, Te 3aY3e BeAHK .ll:eo ropae naHOHHje. CBe TO HaTepa i\Y.ll:OBHKa .ll:a ca30Be Y fIycmow.e TupUHZUjy. AxeHY 3eMaIbCKH ca6op, r.ll:e H3Me}jy OCTaAOr 6H O.ll:pe}jeHO .ll:a BojcKa H3 HTaAHje KpeHe y naHoHHjy npOTHB lhY.ll:eBHTa. A lhY.ll:eBHT, H3allIaBllIH H3 oKpllIaja C HenpHjaTeIbeM Kao no6e.ll:HHK, nOCTa (KaKo nHllIe AHMOH y KaH3H 2, nOrAaBIbY 106) jOlli OXOAHjH Hero paHHje. YcnpKOC TOMe, no CBOjHM nOKAHCapHMa 3aTpa2KH O.ll: u:apa MHp y3 O.ll:pe}jeHe YCAOBe, y3 o6enaae .ll:a ne, aKO OHH 6y,zry HcnyaeHH, yqHHHTH CBe llITO MY 6Y.ll:e HaA02KeHO. Uap naK, He npHXBaTHBllIH noro.ll:6y KOjy My je lhY.ll:eBHT HY.ll:HO, O.ll:aCAa cBoje nOKAHcape HY.ll:enH .ll:pyra'lHjy noro.ll:6y y3 .ll:Pyre YCAOBe. lhY.ll:eBHT HX O.ll:6H H O.z:t.AyqH HCTpajaTH y CBOM paTOBaay, Te nOKYIIIa npH.ll:06HTH cyce.ll:He HapO.ll:e H nO.ll:HllH HX Ha Hore. TyHyqaHH (THMO'laHH), HapO.ll: HaCTaaeH y 6AH3HHH ByrapcKe (npeMa TBp.ll:aaMa A6paxaMa OpTeAa). no6JHH ce npoTHB Byrapa y 2KeIbH .ll:a npHCTaHe y3 u:apa, HO lhY.ll:eBHT HX CBOjOM BelliTHHOM HaroBopH .ll:a HanyCTe u:apa H.ll:a ce npHKAOHe aeMy. Ha nOBpaTK)' u:apeBe BojcKe H3 naHOHHje, cPYPAaHCKor BOjBO,zry Ka,n:aAoxa cnona,n:e rp03HHu:a H OH npeMHHY, a Ha aerOBO MeCTO .ll:o}je BaA.ll:epHK. lbeMY ce, naK, Ha yAacK)' y nOKpajHHY KapaHTaHau:a . KOjH nOTna,n:axy no.ll: aeroBY ynpasy, cynpoTCTaBl:!< lhY.ll:eBHTOBa BojcKa, HO BaA.ll:ePHK ra, jypHllIajynH Ha aera JIY'>K peKe ,llpaBe, HaTepa y 6eKCTBO. ,llaAMaTHHCKH BojBO.ll:a BopHa CK)'TIH CHARY BOjCK)' H HacpHy Ha lhY.ll:eBHTa KO.ll: peKe KOAanHje, KOjy CAOBeHH (KaKO Ka2Ke i\au:) 30BY Kyna. Ha caMOM nO'leTK)' 6HTKe BoPHY HanYCTHllIe IY.ll:YllI'laHH, Hapo.ll: TaKo}je HaCTaaeH y 6AH3HHH ByrapcKe, HO ycnpKoc TOMe, y3 nOMon TeAOXpaHHTeIba H3 cBoje rap.ll:e, BojBO.ll:a ce cnaCH Tora .ll:a na.ll:He Y pYKe HenpHjaTeIbY· Y TOj 6HU:H na,n:e lhY.ll:eBHTOB TaCT ,llparoMJ)K, KOjH y nO'leTK)' lhY.ll:eBHTOBe no6JHe 6ejallie HanYCTHO 3eTa H npHCTyIIHO BOpHH. 43110K ce IY.ll:YllI'laHH Bpahaxy K)'nH, BopHa HX nOHOBHO nOT'lHHH. Ho lhY.ll:eBHT HCKOPHCTH Ty npHAHK)' H y}je y llaAMaU:Hjy ca CHa2KHOM BOjCKOM, 2KapenH H naAenH CBe npe.ll: C060M. BopHa, YBH.ll:eBllIH .ll:a My ce He M02Ke paBHonpasHo .ll:HpeKTHO cynpoTcTasHTH, CKAOHH Ha CHI)'PHO y TBp}jaBe CBa cBoja .ll:06pa, Te C HeKOAHU:HHOM Hajxpa6pHjHx 136 CBOjHX IbY.ll:H CTa,n:e MyqHTH lhY.ll:eBHToBY BOjCK)'. 'lac C 6oKa, 'lac H3 n03a,n:HHe. n06HBllIH Ha Taj Ha'lHH TpH XHIba,n:e HenpHjaTeIbCKHX BojHHKa H o,zry3eBllIH HM TpH CTOTHHe KaMHAa, npHMopa HX .ll:a H3a}jy H3 aeroBe 3eMIbe. Y Meceu:y jaHyapy i\Y.ll:OBHK ca3Ba jOlli je.ll:aH 3eMaIbCKH ca60p y AxeHY, r.ll:e 6H O.z:t.AyqeHO.ll:a ce cK)'ne TpH BojcKe Ha TpH pa3AH'lHTa MeCTa H .ll:a ce HCTOBpeMeHO nOlliaIbY .ll:a nYCTOllie lhY.ll:eBHTOBe 3eMIbe H .ll:a ce TaKO o6Y3.ll:a aeroBa xpa6poCT. npBa BojcKa y}je y lhY.ll:eBHTOBe 3eMIbe npellIasllIH AAne y HopHK)', .ll:pyra H3 KapaHTaHHje, a Tpella npeKO BaBapCKe H ropae naHoHHje. ,llBe O.ll: Te TpH BojcKe, O.ll:HOCHO OHa 3.ll:eCHa H OHa CAeBa, npHCTHrollie C nonpHAH'lHHM 3aKalliaeaeM, jep 6ejaxy Hana.AHYTe npH npeAacK)' AAna. Ho OHa y Cpe.ll:HHH, Koja je npOAa3HAa Kp03 KapaHTaHHjy, 6ellIe 60Ibe cpene, jep je TpH nyTa CBAa.ll:aAa HenpHjaTeIba H npera3HBllIH peK)' ,llpaBY KOHa'lHO CTH2Ke Ha O.ll:pe.ll:HllITe. YnpKOC CBeMY TOMe, lhY.ll:eBHT ce HHje npHnpeMao, HHTH nOK)'llIa CKAOnHTH MHp C npOTHBHHKOM. TPH ce BojcKe cnojHllIe H CTa,n:OllIe 2KapHTH H naAHTH lhY.ll:eBHTOBOM 3eMIbOM. Ho BojcKa Koja ce 6ellIe npo6HAa Kp03 ropay naHoHHjy, npH npeAacK)' ce peKe ,llpaBe pa360AH O.ll: 3ara}jeHor Ba3.AYXa Te MHorH 6opU:H nOyMHpallIe. Te TpH BojcKe 6ejaxy 3.ll:pJ)KeHe BojcKe CaCKe, HCTO'lHe ¢lpaHu:ycKe, HeMa'lKe, BaBapCKe H HTaAHje. A HaKOH llITO cy ce BojcKe BpaTHAe K)'llH, KapMOAaHU:H, HaCTaaeHH y OKOAHU:H peKe CaBe rOTOBO y3 cPYPAaHCKe rpaHHu:e, npe .ll:a,n:OllIe ce BaA.ll:epHK)', llITO yqHHH H oHaj .ll:eo KapaHTaHau:a KOjH 6ellIe npHllIao lhY.ll:eBHTy. OH naK, BH.ll:eBllIH .ll:a H3 HTaAHje .ll:OAa3H y naHoHHjy CHa2KHa BojcKa, HanycTH rpa,n: CHCaK H O.ll:e .ll:aAMaTHHCKHM Copa6HMa. IIpe6HBajynH TaMO, ca3Ha .ll:a ra je.ll:aH O.ll: TaMOllIaHX KHe2KeBa 2KeAH H3.ll:aTH, Te ra 3aTO je.ll:HOra .ll:aHa YCMpTH H aarocno .ll:apH aeroBHM rpa,n:OM. nopyqH nOTOM u:apy .ll:a 2KeAH pa3 roBapaTH C aHM Ha HeKOM CHI)'pHOM MecTy. BY.ll:YllH.ll:a My 44 je TO O.ll:6HjeHo, npeceAH ce K i\a,n:H CAOBeHY, yjaK)' BOPHHHOM Kojer je HaKOH BopHHHe CMpTH u:ap i\Y.ll:OBHK nOCTaBHO 3a HaMeCHHKa y ,llaAMaU:HjH. BopaBenH TaMO HeKO BpeMe, lhY.ll:eBHT KOHa'lHO na,n:e KaO 2KpTBa i\a,n:HHe H3.ll:aje. TaKO HanYCTH oBaj cBHjeT CAaBHH lhY.ll:eBHT. lberoBa cy paTOBaaa npOTHB pa3HHX HapO.ll:a H MHOI'M aeroBH nO.AYXBaTH 3a6eAe2KeHH (KaKO Ka2Ke JoxaH ABeHTHHYC) y nepraMeHTCKoj KaH3H Koja ce qysa y MaHaCTHpy Ha YMY, r.ll:e ce TaKo}jep HaAa3e nO.ll:aU:H 0 MHorHM .ll:pyrHM CAOBeHCKHM paTHHM nOXO.ll:HMa. Ynpaso TH CAOBeHH, .ll:aKAe, CnoeeH.U 3a BpeMe BAa,n:aBHHe cPpaHa'lKOr Kpalba APHYAcPa, y}jOllie y yJl.Q3e y cjJpaTO KpaIbeBCTBO, Te 360r HeKHX HenpaB.ll:H Koje cy HM H.a'!Ke 3eMJbe, HaHeTe zOe H.aH.OCe ee- nO'lHHHllIe TaKBe CHAHe llITeTe y B HeKOAHKO JlUlce wmeme. nOKpajHHa.ll:a APHYAcP AH'lHO KpeHY Ha aHX. Ho aeroBa 137
- BojcKa 6ll pa36lljeHa llCTprreBIIIll ClllI.Ha 3AOCTaBlhaIha, llopase U caKaKO ce "'IllTa KO,l\ PerllHOHa y 2. KIhll3ll. AyTop Taj rrllIlle celCY eojc/cy KaKO APHYA<py, napy II KpalbY <ppaHa"'IKOM, Ka,n; ce rO,l\llHe rjJpaHa'iICOl KpWba 891. 3aTeKHY YHYTap 6aBapCKllX rpaHllna He 6ll All cY36ll0 ApHy.rujJa. CAOBeHCKe Harra,n;e, 6ll ,l\ojaBlheHO ,l\a cy HerrplljaTelhll ll3 BpIllllAll CTpaIllaH rrOKOlh IherOBllX lhy,l\ll II O,l\HeAll rr06e.llY. fy6llTaK BepHllX lhy,l\ll ra CllARO paCTYJKH, a 3aTllM Y3AllIllyhll 3arrO"'Ie Ty2KalbK)' CBOjy, H~ro Hll:a<:yhll <ppaHa"'IKe rr06e,l\e, 3axBalbyjyhH KojHMa cy ,l\0 TOr BpeMeHa 6Hllli roTOBO Herr06e,l\llBH, ,l\a 6H Ta,n;a rrpBH I1yT 6Hllli HaTepaHH y 6eKCTBO rrpe,l\ CAOBeHCKllM rrpOTHBHHnHMa. CAOBeHll rraK, KpeHYSIllH ,l\albe y CBOjHM rrOXO,l\llMa, 3aY3eIlle 3eMlhY CnooeHu 3ay3U.Majy Koja rro penH MapaxaBH. O,l\HOCHO MopaBH, 6ejaIlle rrpoMopaec/cy. 3BaHa MapaBaHHja, a 3aTHM MOpaBCKa (KaKO rrHIlle Bea . ryc PeHaHYC y rrpBoj KIhH3H cBoje repMaHllje). I1CTepaBIllll ~~:::;:! OCTaTKe MapKOMaHa, HaCTaHHIlle ce y THM KpajeBllMa MapKOMaHa. rrpoIllHpyjyl'm yseAHKO cBoje napCTBO. HallMe (KaKO rrllwe KOJIUICO ce <PpaHnHCK I1peHHK y 12. KIhH3H), KpalbeBCTBO MOPaBCKHX npotn.e/lCe CAoBeHa 06YXBaTame TaKOoe YrapcK)', lfeIllK)' H PyCHjy H MopaeC1co Kpalbeecmeo. OCTa TaKBHM CBe ,l\OK BAa,n;awe CBaTOrrAYK, rrpeTrrOCAe,l\IhH Hapae Pyca, MOPaBCKll Kpalb. 0 IheMY iljep<ppaH"'IeCKO 1JaM6yA1\apH llOJbG.Iro, OBaKO rrHIlle y 1. KIhll3H: ,llpJICaIlle OH He CaMO MHpHllMa, MopQ6a~a U Hero H MllpOlhy6HBHMa, PyClljy, ilOlhCK)', MopaBCK)' H lfeIllT.Jexa C1CllOHa. . 6 O ""y' K)', rrOKpaJllHe rrpllpO,l\HO rrpHBpJICeHe OpYJKJY H oraTe p~" • MopaeC1CU lhY,l\CTBOM KOJHM 6ll ce MorAe CMeAO rrOCAYJKHTll II y HaJBeCJlOOeHU ayzo hllM rrOAyxBaTllMa. TH MopaBcKll CAOBeHH (rrpeMa ll3BeIllpamooaxy c TajllMa BOA<praHra J\ana y KIhll3ll 9) rrOBe,l\OIlle MHore r:;:~::~'u paToBe C <ppaHnHMa, repMaHllMa II CaCllMa. 3a,n;ame TaCaCUMa. Kooe BeAllKe MYKe ilOAOBnHMa, ,l\aHac TaTapllMa (KaKO rrll45 Ille PemHOH y 2. KIhll3ll). MapTHH KpoMep H JaH LJ:y6PaBllj J].o lCaaa orrIllHpHo rrHcaxy 0 TOM KpalbeBCTBY, Koje rroTpaja ,l\0 ronompaJa MopaoclCa ,l\llHe 991, Ka,n;a ra, HaKOH CMpTH Kpalba CBeBAa,n;a, 3a-. < KpalbeeuHa. rrOCe,l\HYIlle YrpH, ilolhanH H BellliKllM ,l\eAOM lfecH. Mo MopaeclCa paBcKa rrOCTa xpllIllhaHCKa 3eMlha, KaKO TBp,l\H BjeHnenocmaje CAaB lfex, 3a BpeMe BA8,l(aBHHe MOpaBCKOr Kpalba CBa- XPUtuhaHCIro se.M.lba. TOI1A~, C rrpeCTOHHnOM y B" eAerp~, KOJll ca CBOJllM HaPO,l\OM rrpHMll xpllwhaHCTBo O,l\ <plllI.030<pa rmpllll.a. PaHllje 3BaHor KOHCTaHTHH. BY.llYhll ,l\a OH 6eIlle rrpoCBeTHTelh KO,l\ Byrapa, PaIllaHa H OCTMHX CAoBeHa H3 ,llaAMaJKueom nHje H MopaBcKe, rrOMHCAllO caM KaKO je HYJKHO YKpaTKO 1i.UpuJtQ llcrrpHrrOBe,l\llTll IheroB 2KllBOT Ha TeMelhY TBp,l\Ihll ilorra npoceemume- D,yKn,aHHHa, JaHa ,lly6paBcKor, Kao H ABrycTHHa MopaB .lba CJlOeeHa. CKor y 6llorpa<pHjaMa Ha,n;6HcK)'rra H3 OAoMoyna. rmpllll. 6lljaIlle PO,l\OM rpK, a pO,l\H ce y TecMoHHKH, ,l\aHac CoAYHY, O,l\ ona l\.aBa ll3rrAeMllhKe rrOpO,l\Hne. I1crrpBa ce 3BaIlle KOHCTaHTllH <PHA030<p. rO,l\HHe 887. rrOCTa rrorAaBapoM BeAerpa,n;cKe npKBe OMYKOM Xa,n;plljaHa, Tpehera pllMcKor rrarre Tor HMeHa. BejaIlle TaKOoe rrpBll Ha,n;6llCK)'IT 138 MopaBCKll, rroyqllBIllH rrpe TOra xpHwhaHcKoj BepH Byrape, Cp6e II ,l\aAMaTHHCKor Kpalba CBeTOrreAeKa, Te HaKOH IhllX MopaBcKor Kpalba CBaTorrA~, 3aje,l\HO C "'IllTaBHM IheroBHM HapO,l\OM, KojeM ce rpaHlllle rrpoTe3axy AY2K TOKa peKe BHCAe, ,llyHaBa H Bara. HaKOH rreToro,l\llwIher yrrpaBlhaH.a MOPaBCKOM npKBOM, nllpllll. ce O,l\peKHY Tor ,l\OCTojaHCTBa, Te y3 HaroBOP rrarre CTe<paHa, HaCAeAHHKa Xa,n;pHjaHoBa, rrOCTaBH Ha Taj rroAoJICaj CBor 6paTa MeTO,l\a, rrpeMa KojMe ce Kpalb CBaTOI1AYK MAaOll BpAO Aowe rrOHeo. HallMe, OTllIllaBIllH je,l\HOM y AOB, HMOJKll Ha,n; 6HCK)'rry Mero.llY ,l\a He CAYJKH MllCY rrpe IheroBa rrOBpaTKa. MeTO,l\ rrpH"'IeKa ,l\0 rrO,l\HeBa, HO HarpHJKeH CYMIhOM KaKO 6H BOJKllja cAYJK6a MorAa THMe 6HTll OMMOBa2KeHa, Te Bll,l\eBIllll ,l\a HapO,l\, KOjH ce OK)'ITHO y BeAllKOM 6pojy, rrO"'IHH>e HanYIllTaTll npKBY, He XTe,l\e AY2Ke "'IeKaTll HHTll rrOIllTOBaTll HMor KpalbeB, Te CTa,n;e CAYJKllTll CAYJK6y. Ka,n; OH Beh 6eIlle 3a OATapOM, CTHJlCe Kpalb OKpYJKeH MHOWTBOM AOBana II "'IOrrOpOM rraca, Te CMeCTa YOe Y npKBy y3 TOrrOT II AaBe2K rraca H MaIllll ce oPYJKja. JeABa ce CY3,l\pJKll O,l\ Tora ,l\a paHll II caMora Ha,n;6llcK)'ITa, aAll 3aTO rr06ana Ha 3eMlhY CBe IllTO 6eIlle Ha oATapy. Mero,l\ OTrryTOBa 6e3 OMaraIha II rrpeoe y lfeIllK)', re ll30rrIllTH Kpalba II 3a6paHll 60rocAYJKeIhe y "'IllTaBOM KpalbeBCTBY. 3a,n;PJKll ce HaKpaTKO y lfeIllKoj H O,l\e y PilM, r,l\e 3aTeKHY CBor 6paTa nllpllll.a. He.nyro ra rrOTOM rrOHOBHO rr030BY y MOpaBCK)', HO BH,l\eBIllH KaKO je Kpalb, "'IOBeK OXOA II orraK, CHARO oKpyTaH rrpeMa cBeIllTeHCTBY II He MoraBIllH rrO,l\HeTH TOAllKll ry6llTaK H rrporraCT CBora CTa,l\a, BpaTll ce y PilM, r,l\e rrpeMllHy ro,l\llHe 907. CaxpaHHIlle ra TaMO y npKBH CBeTor KAeMeHTa, "'Illje TeAO 6paT MeTO,l\OB, CBeTll 1iHpllll., 6ejaIlle rrpeHeo C KpHMcKor rroAyoCTpBa, ,l\aHaC 3BaHor ,l\OIha TaTapCKa. ilpll"'Iajy JaH ,lly6paBllj II EHea ClllI.BllO KaKO CAOBeHH, Koje 'fiHPllll. 6ejame rrpe06paTllO Ha Bepy XpllCTOBY II KOjllMa 6ejame rrpeBeo Ha IhllXOB CAOBeHCKll je3llK CTapll II HOBH 3aBeT, XTe,l\Owe ,l\a ce Mllca II 60rocAYJKeIhe ,l\pJICe II CAYJKe Ha IhllXOBOM je3llK)'. ilpHMHBIllll ry CAOBeHCK)' MOA6y, PHMCKll je rrana ll3Hece rrpe,l\ 360p Kap,l\llHMa, r,l\e y rro"'IeTK)' 6ejaIlle rrpllroBopa, HO O,l\Max ce rrOTOM 3aqyo rAaC KOjH pe"'Ie: CBe .llYIlle HeK CAaBe rOcrrO,l\a II CBH je3Hnll HeK llCrrOBe,l\ajy Bepy y Ihera. Ta,n;a CMeCTa 6ll y,l\OBOlheHo CAOBeHcKoj MOA6ll yrryheHoj rranH, Te IhHXOBH CBeIllTeHHnH, a HapO"'IllTO OHll O,l\ llli6YMCKllX CAoBeHa, KOjH cy rrO,l\aHHnll HOpH"'IKOr Ha,n;BojBO,l\e, H ,l\aH ,l\aHaC CAYJKe MllCy H ,l\pyra 60rocAYJKeIha Ha CBOM MarepllIheM je3llK)', 6Y.llYhll ,l\a He 3Hajy Hll pe"'IH AaTllHCKor. IIlTaBHIlle, H CaMll KHe2KeBll HopHKa (KaKO rrHIlle JoxaH ABeHTHHYC y 4. KIhH3H) YCBojllIlle CAOBeHCKO rrHCMO y jaBHllM crrHCllMa, Kao WTO ce TO M02Ke Bll,l\eTH y npKBll CBeTor CTe<paHa y Beqy. 139 Memoa,opam 1i.upuJtoo u HaaouclCYn MopaeclCU. KpQJb CeamonJtylC liapyJ/CU Memoaa. 46 Memoa Oe:>ICU y T.Jew.ICY U saopafOyje 002oCJ!Y:JICefOe y MopaecKOj. Bpahacey MopaeclCy. 1i.UpuJto npeeoOu Ceemo nuCMO lia CJ!ooeliCICU jesulC. CnoeeHu CJ!y:JICe MUCY Ha ceOM MamepfOe.M jesulCy.
,....., CAOBeHcKH Hapo,n: KOPHCTH ,n:Be BpCTe nHCMa, a IIITO He TaKO y nOTpary 3a CHrypHHM YTOqHIIITeM H y,n:06HHM 60 C.lI.OOeH.u qHHe HH rpqH HH AaTHHH. Je.n.HO je nHCMO npOHaIIIaO l1H paBHIIITeM r,n:e 6H ce HaCTaHHO, a npH,n:py:arn My ce 6paT Kopucme aee PHAO H 30Be ce hHpHAHqa; .n.pyro je CMHCAHO CBeTH Jepo lberOB Aex C PO,n:6HHOM, npHjaTeIbHMa, cAyraMa H C MHoro epcme nUCM.a. HHM, 30Be ce 6YKBHqa, a H3rAe,n:a OBaKO: ,n:pyrHx Iby,n:H. 3anYTHIIIe ce OHHM nyTeM KOjH HX je npeKO 47 CnooeH.CKa H.aCeJbay '{eW.1Coj U JIOJbC1COj. t & '" &") r X. 1t ir.: {.~. t. 1 hI :» , sir 'I' u.r". '" , -a; J. 9! f f r 1& I-( c: e / r S , It f {fll St tri e S It' I d 'Jt ~ 1'" 11fT1 Y JV1' jJ r1 MI J ~ r 1'tHpHAMqa ce naK nHIIIe OBaKO:' f'A J,1htI4t rttJ. ,on . a. . uirt/~I.f,t:o. ilJl. lftUi/fi • tr~fit . 1.m.. ~o . f. .[J,.(.. t.-:j:J. s~ ~ lie. i k4.i:J ."". muUti. ncur ,()J:1.J0teoE .~. rbo . /f. I. CC. J\ . M . '- 0 1r·.f·" ',.~I' .• 1'., r.' .. tJ,&4fl' • f.(~ • h.1";I.1t. o.~:tr .aaYl. c1UCrU . St(l( • $I(U • m . ~.j. :p:+. w.CAJ·1 .v. 1\.. PJ . jjL Te .n.Be BpCTe nHCMa OCMHCAHIIIe (KaKO je peqeHO) CBeTH JepOHHM H l1HpHA, Ha Koje BeqHH cnOMeH qysajy CAOBeHH, a HapOqHTO qecH H IloIbaqH. Ta ,n:Ba KpaIbeBCTBa nOTeKO~ ~ IIIe o.n. .n.HqHOra CAOBeHCKor Hapo.n.a KOjH, 3arocno,n:apHBIIIH I1AHpHKOM, KpeHy OCHHBaTH cBoja HaceIba H Ha ceBepy, O.n.HOCHO y,n:aHaIIIlboj qeIIIKoj H IloIbcKoj. 36H ce TO (npeMa 3anHCHMa JaHa ,lly6paBcKor y 1. KlbH3H) Ha cAe.n.ehH HaqHH. XpBaT no HMeHY qex 6eIIIe MY:>K ITAeMeHHT H Meoy cBojHMa yseAHKe nOIIITOBaH. HexoTHqe HAM naK HaMepHo, y6Hje je,n:Hora o.n. CBOjHX, qOBeKa BeAHKa yrAe.n.a. Ka,n: ra 360r TOra on'I')':>KHIIIe H XTe,n:OIIIe MY Cy,n:HTH, OH ce HHnOIIITO HHje XTeo nojaBHTH Ha cy,n;y. .n.OK lberoBH npoTHBHHqH HHKaKO He o,n;yCTajaxy o.n. CBaKo.n.HeBHHX npora:tba:tba. CTora HajBehH .n.eo XpBaTCKe YCTa Ha OPY:>Kje y 0.n.6paHY H 3aIIITHTy CBOjHX 3aKOHa npOTHB orAYIIIe:tba qexoBor. CXBaTHBIIIH KOAHKa je cpr;r6a Hapo.n.a, qex He nOqeKa BHIIIe HH TpeHYTKa, Hero .n.a 6H H36erao norH6eIb, Ha caBeT npHjaTeIba oTnyTyje Ha BpeMe, O,n:AyqHBIIIH nOTpa:>KHTH HOBO npe6HBaAHIIITe YMeCTO npB06HTHe cBoje .n.OMOBHHe. KpeHY 140 BaAepHje, CMeIIITeHe H3Meoy,llyHaBa H CaBe H Ta,n:a no,n: BAaIIIhy XpBaTa, BO,n:HO y rop:tby IlaHoHHjy, y 6AH3HHH MopascKe. CKpeHYBIIIH ,n:aKAe y MOpaBCKY H OTKpHBIIIH ,n:a ce OHa, Kao H BeAHKH ,n:eo CaCKe, HaAa3H y noce,n;y CAOBeHa, HeKO ce BpeMe TaMO 3a,n:p:>KaIIIe. MOpasqH HX, ,n:03HaBIIIH nOBO,n: lbHXOBa nyTOBalba, noyqHIIIe IIITO HM je qHHHTH Te HM 06jacHHIIIe KaKO ce He,n:aAeKO HaAa3H 3eMIba KOjy repMaHH 30BY BoxeMHja H KOjy cy OHH HeKa,n:a HaceIbasaAH, a TpeHyTHo je nYCTa H y nOTnYHoj H30AOBaHa, H3Y3eB IIIaqHqe BaH,n:aAa, TaKOoe po,n:a CAOBeHCKora, KOjH pa3acyTH npe6HBajy Ha HeKOAHKO MeCTa y ja,n:HHM HaceIbHMa, Te KaKO ce TO qHHH npHKAa,n:HHM MeCTOM sa HOBH CTaH qeXOBe ,n:pY:>KHHe. qex TO npHXBaTH, THM pa,n:Hje IIITO MY 6H jacHo ,n:a ce HaAa3H y nOAO:>Kajy ,n:a HeMa HHKaKBe KOPHCTH pacnpaBIbaTH 0 nOHYoeHHM npe,n:A03HMa. KpeHyBIIIH ,n:aKAe nOHOBHO Ha nyT H 3anyTHBIIIH ce npeBojeM XepqHHcKOr ropja, H,n;yhH cBy,n:a MHPOIby6HBO H He ,n:HpajyhH HH y Kora, CnyCTH ce qex y BoxeMHjy. Ky,n: ro,n: KpeHYO, MoraIIIe BH ,n:eTH CBOjHM OqHMa OHO IIITO MY 6HAO HcnpHnOBe,n:aHO, O,n:HOCHO ,n:a je BoxeMHja He06paoeHa, nycTa H HaCTa:tbeHa CTa,n:HMa oBaqa H Kp,n:HMa roBe,n:a BHIIIe Hero Iby,n:HMa, KOjHX 6eIIIe BpAO MaAO, ,n:OK :arnBOTH:tba 6eIIIe 6e36poj. Iby,n:H Koje TaMO 3aTeKOIIIe He 6ejaxy HH MaAO YIbyoeHH, Hero ,n;yre Koce H AHCTOM naCTHpH. Y nOqeTKY, Ka,n: yrAe,n:aIIIe qexoBe Iby,n:e, HHKa,n: npe BHoeHe, npeCTpaIIIHIIIe ce; HO CXBaTHBIIIH ,n:a cy OHH lbHXOBe Hapo,n:HOCTH H npHjaTeIbH, CMeCTa pa3MeHHIIIe n03,n:paBe rpAehH ce, Te ,n:oHocehH noKAOHe KojHMa 06H'IaBaxy ,n:apHBaTH npHjaTeIbe H roere, a TO cy MAeKO, CHp H Meco. ,lla,n:OIIIe nOTOM qexoBOj ,n:py:arnHH Bo,n:Hqa ,n:a HX o,n:Be,n:e y ,n:Olby BoxeMHjy. CTHroIIIe TaKO ,n:o nAaHHHe IIITO ce Y3,n:H:>Ke H3MeOY peKa Aa6e H BATase, a TaMOIIIlbH je Iby,n:H 30BY Pamn, IIITO 3HaqH BH,n:HK, jep ce o,n:aTAe BH,n:e OKOAHa BeAHKa H npOCTpaHa nOIba. qex ce none Ha ITAaHHHY, Te rAe,n:ajyhH CBY,n: OKO ce6e. IlpoMaTpaIIIe 3a,n:HBIbeH 'lac He60 H qHCT Ba3,n;yx, 'lac ITAO,n:HO TAe, IIIyMe H rajeBe noro,n:He 3a HcnaIIIY, na 6aqaIIIe norAe,n: Ha 6HCTpe Bo,n:e H peKe 60raTe pH6oM. He MoraBIIIH BHIIIe KpHTH pa ,n:OCT y ,n;yIIIH, Y3,n:HrHYTHx PYKY npeMa He6y CTa,n:e 3axBaIbHBaTH 60roBHMa Ha TOAHKHM 6Aaro,n:aTHMa. Y6H Ta,n:a :>KpTBe Koje 6eIIIe nOHHO ca C060M, Te npHHece :>KpTBY 60 roBHMa, KaKO 6eIIIe 06Hqaj Tor Hapo,n:a. BpaTHBIIIH ce CBOjHMa ,n:OAe y pasHHqH, YHece y cBe HOBO BeceIbe, 06jaBHBIIIH HM ,n:a je .n.OIIIAO BpeMe .n.a ce OKOHqa lbHXOBO .n.yro H 6eCqHIbHO AyTa:tbe, Te nOTHqyhH HX .n.a Ha TOM MeCTj' 141 48 '{ex cycpehe CJweeH.e y Mopaec1Coj U CaC1COj BaH.aa.nu CJl.ooeH.u. l1.Ji.aH.UH.a P;;cun '{ex npuH.OCU x;;pmey 6ozoeUMa. 49
"..... carpMe KYne H HapOTfHTO ,na 06paljyjy 3eMlhY, KaKO He 6H 3aycmaeJba ce 6Hl\H npHCHlheHH JKHBjeTH caMO o,n AOBa H Ha Mecy nonYT y Boxe.Muju. 3BepH. XpBaTH 6ejaxy BelllTH KaKO rpMIbH, TaKO H paTapCTBY, Te CTOra CBaKO o,n IbHX PMOCHO H cnpeMHO 06ena TaKO yqHHHTH. Ho t{ex HaCTaBlhallle COKOAHTH HX H nOTHl.l;aTH Ha Taj no.nyBaT. CTaHOBHHlllTBO Tor Kpaja ce nOBena H CHAHO YMHOJKH ,nOAaCKOM KaKO BaH,nMa, TaKO H llaAMaTHHaua, KOjH ce CAHBallle y BoxeMHjy KaO MecTO ,l(Cl.ll.M.amuHu.,u npucmWKYY cnoKojHo H ,nMeKO o,n CBHX 6YHa H CTaAHHX paTOBaIba. Aex BOXe.Mujy.. TMa, nOJKeAeBlllH H OH nOCTaTH 3aTfeTHHKOM je,nHor Hapo ,na H Kpa.IbeBCTBa, npHcTynH CBOM 6paTY t{exy C MOA60M ,na ra nYCTH Y nOTpary 3a HOBHM 60paBHlllTHMa H HOBHMa KpajeBHMa, 3aje,nHO ca CBHMa OHHMa KOjH ra JKeAe CAe,nHTH. 06ena 6paTy ,na ne ce, He npoHalje AH CAY'lajHo TO lllTO l1ex Hanywma TPaJKH, BpaTHTH K IbeMy. AaKo H3MOAHBlllH TO o,n 6paTa, 6pama. npelje TIAaHHHe Ha ceBepy Te CTU>Ke y KpajeBe KojH ce rpeHYTHO HMa3e ,neAOMHue y noce.ny lllAeCKOM, a ,neAOM nOlhCKOM. Aex, ynpaBo nonyT CBOr 6paTa t{exa, 6ellle y CBOM no.nyXBaTy cpenHe pYKe H HaceAH Te KpajeBe HOBHM Hapo,noM, nOKa3yjynH ce YBeK KpajIbe CKPOMHHM npeMa CBeKOAHKoj CBOjOj TfelhMH, a HHKM TfaCTolhy6HBHM Hl\H OXOAHM, ynpaBo OHaKO KaKO je TO TfHHHO H IberoB 6paT t{ex. CTOra Hapao,n IbHXOB caqyaa BeTfHH cnOMeH Ha 060jHlJ;Y Te ce, npen03HajynH y IbHMa cBoje 3aTfeTHHKe, tfecu nomutty np03Baxy no IbHMa TaKO ,na ce CBe ,no ,naHac BoxeMH no 00 tfexa, a t{exy 30BY t{eCH, a lIolhaUH no Aexy AecH. Ta ,nBa Hapo,na IIoJbau.,u 00 l1exa. HMajy nHcue CAaBHe H lhy,ne yqeHe, Meljy KojHMa BjeHuecAaB t{ex, MaTHja MjexoBHTa, JaH 1ly6PaBCKH (.llY6patfew/ru u BHj) H MaPTHH KpoMep H MHorH ,npyrH, KOjH cy onlllHpHo nOJbc/ru nuCl6u. nHCaAH 0 TfelllKHM H nOlhCKHM paToBaIbHMa H n06e,naMa. Ko JKeAH yn03HaTH pa3Boj THX ,nBajy Kpa.IbeBCTaBa, MOJKe npoyqHTH HaBe,neHe nHcue, jep ja ny ce 3MOBOlhHTH THMe aKO KaJKeM, CAe,nenH yqeHor 1)aM6YMapHja, ,na t{elllKa H 50 lIolhcKa 6ejaxy yaeK npHpo,nHO npHBpJKeHe OpYJKjy H 60 raTe lhy,nCTBOM KOjHM 6H ce MorAe CMeAO nOCAYJKHTH H y HajBenHM nOTXBaTHMa. t{eCH npYJKHllle TfeCTO ,nOKa3e TOMe y npHAor, Te 3Mallle MYKe He CaMO cyce,nHMa, Hero H Hajy,na.IbeHHjHM H HajMonHHjHM BAMapHMa, KaKO nHllle lIao11.0 EMHAH. OH Y 3. KIbH3H, npHTfajynH 0 paToBaIbHMa uapa KapAa ,ll,e6eAor, OBaKO roBOPH: KapAO CHH ynYCTH ce Y Taj no.nyxBaT y KOPHCT XYHa C HCTHM nperHyneM C KOjHM ce npe Tora 6ejallle npOTHB IbHX 60PHO, HO IberoBe ra HMe tfecu CWlHO H3HeBepHllle. OTKpH HaHMe, ,na cy t{ecH lhY.ll:H CHAHO xpaxpa6pu. 6pH,.nyxa HHnOlllTO AynelllKor, Hero TBp,nOKopHa nonYT HCTHHCKHX npOTHBHHKa, a CYK06 H3Meljy t{exa H ¢lpaHaKa, KOjH cy YKpOTHAU xyHCKY OXOAOCT, 6ellle no.nyxBaT HeCHryPHHjH H onacHHjH o,n npeTxo,nHor cYK06a H3Meljy XYHa H ¢lpaHaKa. Hajn03HaTHjH H HajcAaBHHjH TfelllKH Kpa.Ib 6ellle 142 OTOKap V. lIpeMa npHTfaH.y JaK06a BHMncPeAAHHra y fepMaHCKHM UHTaTHMa, 6ejallle OH no HapaBH npe,naH CTMHOM BojeBaIbY, MyJK CpTfaH H JKelhaH TelllKHX H CAaBHHX no.nyxBaTa. lIpolllHpH cBoje UaPCTBO o,n BMTHTfKOr Mopa CBe ,no ,ll,yHaBa H JMpaHa. lIHllle Ha3apHje MaMepTHHCKH ,na t{eCH 6ejaxy O,nyBHjeK O,nAHTfHH CTpeAUH, a CBelllTeHHK XeAMOA,.!:( HX y 5. norAaBlhY CAoBeHcKHX xpoHHKa Ha3HBa paT060pHHM TIYKOM. Ho, lllTa TO rOBopHM 0 MymKapUHMa, KM H JKeHe H ,neBojKe H3 OHHX KpajeBa 6ejaxy je,nHaKO TaKO paT060pHe no HapaBH, a YMeAe cy, KaKO nHllle lnana] lIHO ,ll,pyrH y CBOjOj t{elllKoj HCTOPHjH, jaxaTH KOIba H YBeJK6aBaTH ra 3a TpK, 3aoKpeHYTH Ha KOIbY, 60PHTH ce KonlheM, HOCHTH OKAon H AYK, o,nanHIbaTH cTpeAe H 6auaTH Konlhe, HnH y AOB, He 3aHeMapyjynH HHTH je,nHY o,n CTBapH y06HTfajeHHx 3a ,n06por BojHHKa Hl\H BHTe3a. Balll TO 6H Y3POK lllTO JKeHe cBojeBpeMeHO 3aBAMallle THM KpalheBCTBOM (npeMa H3BelllTajHMa onaTa PerHHOHa y 2. KIbH3H, lIHja ,ll,pyror H JaHa Jl.y6paBcKor). HaHMe BaAaCKa, npaTHlha AH6Yllle, JKeHe lIpHMHcAaBa Kpa.Iba TfelllKOr, roTOBO nonYT HOBe lIaHTacHAeje AMa30HKe, KAOHenH ce 3aje,nHO C ,npyrapHUaMa MymKora ,npYlllTBa, Ha Kpajy noy6Hja MymKapue y 3eMlhH H OCTa Ha BAaCTH y t{elllKoj ce,naM ro ,nHHa, a y je,nHOM,n~ y6H ce,naM npOTHBHHKa. Bejallle TO :>KeHa BpAO MY,npa H ,nOMHllllhaTa, Koja TaMO r,ne o,n CHAe He 6H nOMonH npH6eraBarue BapKaMa. lIoyqH Toj BelllTHHH H ,npyre JKeHe H3 ,npYJK6e, a HapOTfHTO CapKY, JKeHY noce6He lhenOTe, a jOlll Bene AYKaBOCTH H OKPyTHOCTH. ,ll,a 6H yCMPTHAa CTHpMa. MAMHna CHaJKHOr H HajBener nporoHHTelha THX t{eXHIba, HCKOPHCTH OBO AYKaBCTBO H BapKY. Hape ,nH ,na joj Be:>KY PYKe H Hore 3a je,nHO CTa6A H nOCTaBe noKpaj Ibe AOBaTfKH por H nocy.ny ca 3aTfapaHHM HanHTKOM o,n Kojer 6H oHaj KO 6H ra HcnHO H3ry6HO naMeT. HMOJKH nOTOM ,npyraMa CBOjHM ,na ce caKpHjy He,nMeKO y lllYMH. TeK lllTO cy OTHlllAe :>KeHe, KM eTO TH CTHPMa KOjH H.nynH y AOB npHcne Ha MeCTO r,ne 6ejallle Be3aHa AYKaBa CapKa. BH,neBlllH je OHaKO CBe3aHY, CMHAOBa ce H ynHTa je 3alllTO je ocyljeHa Ha TaKBe MYKe. ,ll,oMHllllbaTa ,neBojKa MY o,nroBOPH: BMaCKa je TaKO Hape,nHAa, jep je nOKajaBlllH ce 3a 3Ao,neAa lllTO 6ejax 3aje,nHO C IbOM npOTHB MymKapaUa noTfHHHAa, OMyqHl\H npeKHHyTH C TaKBHM JKHBOTOM H OTHnH o,n Ibe. ,ll,03HaBlllH TO, ,nMe Me CBe3aTH KaKO 6HX YMpAa y XHlha.ny MYKa. Ho 3aTfyalllH AaBe:>K TBOjHX naca H IbHcaK KOIba, yTeKAa je cnaCHTH ce, C HaMepoM,na ce BpaTH BH,neTH MOjy CMpT. MOAHM Te H 3aKAHIbeM y HMe TIAeMeHHTOCTH TBoje, ,na Me OCA060,nHlll HAH ,na Me CBOjHM PYKaMa YCMPTHlll, CaMO ,na He nMHeM nOHOBHO IbOj y pYKe. CTHpa,n je. 06Y3eT KOAHKO caMHAolllny, TOAHKO H lhenOTOM Ibe3HHOM, 0,nBe3a. lIpHYnHTaBlllH je 3a CBPXY nocy,ne H pora, OHa My 143 KpQJb OmoKap, 1278. zoUuHe Ko.!!uK:l.l.M nod py'lje.M ana rowe Kpa.lb OmoKap. tfecu pam06opHu. tfewKe .:i'ICeHe no Hapaee CK.!!OHe opy.:i'ICjy. JKeHe saanaoajy ceoQ.M ttewK:l.l.M JbeeCmeOM. anaaawe BQ.J!acKa ,l(eeojKa tfew.KOM zoUuHa. ,r;paCapKa :JK:eHa .!!yKasa. 51 tfexcycpene C.!!oeeHe y MopaecKoj u Cacx:oj
-...,...... O,ll;roBOPH: HanHTaK je 6HO npHnpeMlheH ,ll;a ,lly)Ke nO)f(HBHM H,ll;a Moje M)'Ke TaKO,lly)Ke nOTpajy, a por cy MH xTjeAe 06eCHTH OKO BpaTa y 3HaK ,ll;a CaM 6HAa AOBall.. IbpeKaBIllH TO, OTnH H3 nocY,ll;e ,ll;eo HanHTKa KOjH lbOj He MOra,ll;e HaIllKO,ll;HTH, a OCTaTaK ,ll;a,ll;e CTHPaAY KOjH O,ll; Tora H3xy6H naMeT. 3aTHM npHHece por YCHaMa, Y3 peqH: )KeAHM 3aCBHpaTH lbHMa y HHaT, a 3B)'K ce pa3AerHY 3PaKOM H IllYMOM. qyBIllH 3B)'K pora, BaAaCKa H3abe C ,ll;pyraMa H3 BaJ!Q.c1ffi 3aCe,ll;e, Te YXBaTHIlle H CBe3aIlle HecpeTHor MAa,ll;Hna. O,ll; yxeamu u Be,ll;OIlle ra y BHIllerpa,ll;CKY TBpbaBY H noxy6HIlle npe,ll; Kpanozyou lheM npHMHCAaBOM H qHTaBHM HapO,ll;OM. 0 TOM YCTaHKY Cmupaoa. qeIllKHX )KeHa nHO .l{pyrH nHIlle y CBOjoj qeIllKoj XpOHHll.H, Kao H JaH .l{y6paBcKH, KOjH y,ll;pyroj KlbH3H K~e: KaKO J]peaHu oou~aj HeKO He 6H nOMHCAHO ,ll;a je paT )KeHa npOTHB MyIllKapau.a capMamclCUX y qeIllKoj n)'Ka H3MHIlllhOTHHa, Balba 3HaTH ,ll;a y Cap )l;;:~~m MaTHjH 6HO ,ll;peBHH 06Hqaj ,ll;a. ce )KeHe 60pe npOTHB MYIlluoeaoja1ffi u Kapall.a, KaKO nHIlle nOMnOHHJe MeAa. Ka,ll;a K~e ,ll;a ,lIyJKoopaCltUX HOCTH capMaTCKHX ,ll;eBojaKa 6ejaxy rabalbe A)'KOM H CTpej//CeHa Y. AOM, jaxalbe H AOB, a O,ll;paCAHX )KeHa palbaBalbe HenpHCapMamujU. . 6 6 6 S2 JaTelha, Te Ka,ll; ro,ll; TO He H yqHHHAe, Ka3Ha H HM HAa )lapyje lIpK6U OaUtmuHY Ca. IIempa. MamwtOa Hapedu oa H>eHOMMYj//CY oopyoe 2.JIa8y. TaMep.JtaH CKpUteH u nopQj//(e'f{ 00 IIo.lba1ffi. AuaoHujau IIOMepaHuja CaaJl.aOaHe 00 IIO.lba1ffi. xy6HTaK ,ll;eBH"iaHCTBa. TaKBY CpqaHOCT nOKa3a TaKobe MaTHAAa Koja, KaKO K~e [nanaj nHO .l{pyrH, 6eIlle qeIllKor pO,ll;a. OHa ,ll;apOBa PHMCKOj UPKBH qHTaBY 3eMlhY Koja ce npOCTHpe O,ll; MeCTa Pa,ll;HKocpaHO KaCTeA CaHece [BaH ,ll;eHO ,ll;H POHKoHej ,ll;0 qenapaHa H Koja ce ,ll;aHaC 30Be 6aIllTHHa CBeTor neTpa. )KeHa IIAeMeHHTor je,ll;HOr KHe3a, POAH MY CHHa KOjH KpaTKO nO)KHBe, a 360r CTpaIllHHX 60AOBa npH nopobajy OMyqH He AenH BHIlle C M~eM. Y3,ll;pMaH THMe, KpeHY op~jeM Ha )KeHY, Koja MY ce xpa6po cynpoTcTaBH H y3 nOMon ,ll;06pe BojcKe OTepa ra O,ll; ce6e, na KaO n06ebeHOM Hape,ll;H,ll;a My 0,ll;py6e rAaBy. H He XTe,ll;e ce HHKa,ll; BHIlle y,ll;aTH. AAeCaH,ll;pO .l{ypaHTe, OnpaB,ll;aBajy-< hH MaTHAAHH nOCTynaK, y,ll;pyroj KlbH3H K~e: .l{Be CTBapH OnpaB,ll;aBajy MaTHAAHH OKpyTHH qHH: je,ll;Ha je BeAHKa ,ll;PCKOCT lbeHor ~a H Hepa360pHTOCT lberOBa, ,ll;OK je ,ll;pyra lbeHO nopeKAO, jep nOTHqe O,ll; paT060pHor H nOHOCHTOr HapO,ll;a qeIllKor. He 3aoCTaje HHMaAO 3a lbHM, HH no CAaBH, HHTH no CpqaHOCTH, HapO,ll; nOlbCKH. npenYTaBIllH 6e36pojHe lbHXOBe n06e,ll;e, CnOMeHYny CaMO .>KH~H,ll;a, Kpalba nOlhCKor, KOjH BHIlle nYTa nOTyqe ,ll;0 HCTpe6lhelba CH~e BojcKe no,ll; BobCTBOM TaMepAaHa H BaTy-KaHa, KaKO nHIlly BHHKO H3 BOBea, TOMa apXHbaKOH CnAHTCKH H MjexoBHTa. Taj HapO,ll; 6ejaIlle nponaCT lbY,ll;CKOra pO,ll;a, Te HaTepa y 6eKCTBO TaKobe H CHAHY BOjCKY BojBO,ll;e MOCKOBCKor, nOCeKaBIllH OCaM,ll;eCeT XHlba,ll;a lbY,ll;H. H3aIllaBIllH H3 paTa C rOCnO,ll;apHMa AHBoHHje H nOMepaHHje Kao no6e,ll;HHll.H, CHAHO ce Y30XOAHBIllH, npHCHAHIlle HX CAe,ll;enHX ro,ll;HHa Ha IIAallalbe ,ll;aHKa. Y3a CBe TO ce TyPll.H, y3 nOMon 144 caBe3HHKa CBOjHx BAaxa, 6ejaxy OCMeAHAH H3a3BaTH paT C nOlball.HMa, HO OHH HX He CaMO npHCHAHIlle ,ll;a HanycTe IIo.lbal,lu j//Cape rpaHHll.e nOlbCKe y3 xy6HTaK HajBener ,ll;eAa CBOjHX lbYAH, u nQ.lle Hero IllTa BHIlle yna,ll;OIlle y BAaIllKe 3eMlhe, )KapenH H BlI.aUtICOM. naAenH CBe OKO ce6e. TOAHKOj CHa3H BeAHKOr KHe3a KaKaB 6ejaIlle )KHrMYH,ll;, Balba npH,ll;O,ll;aTH H3Y3eTHY CpqaHOCT IIO.lbC1ffi lCaCHO nOlbaKa y paTy, 6y,uynH ,ll;a HM je, CAe,ll;enH y TOMe ,ll;peBHH npUMuXpuCmoayaepy. npHMep BpAHX CBOjHX npa,ll;e,ll;OBa CAOBeHa, KpBaBa norH6Hja ,ll;pa)Ka O,ll; CpaMHOr 6eKCTBa. 360r CTaAHHX paTOBalba nOCTaBIllH OXOAH H OKPYTHH, BpAO KaCHO npHXBaTHIlle XpHIllnaHCTBO. Bejaxy npeKO CBaKe Mepe npe,ll;aHH H,ll;O KYMUPU AOnOKAOHCTBY H nOIllTOBalbY HeKOAHKHX CBOjHX noce6HHX IIO.lbalCa. KYMHpa: JynHTep, Mapc, nAYTOH, Uepepa, BeHepa H .l{Hja S3 Ha. JynHTepa np03BaIlle Ha CBOM CAOBeHCKOM je3HKY JECE Je3. Aeoa. (Je3) H CMaTpaxy ra cBeMonHHM. Mapcy Ha,ll;eHYIlle HMe AE.l{A, a 6ejaIlle 60r paTa H ,ll;OHOCHAall. n06e,ll;e. nAYTOHY Huja. JaH ,ll.!tyZOUt HMe 6ejaIlle HHJA, a MOAHAH cy ce Haj60lbe MeCTO y lbero nuUte oa ce y BOM KpalbeBcTBY HaKOH CMpTH. BeHepy np03BaIlle .l{3H .l{3HAElbA. .l{OrO.l{A ,ll;06'ap )KHBOHHJA, 06Hlbe IIAO,ll;HOCT H3Ha,ll; Mep TyMaqH ,ll;ell.e AOB. KAacja (noro,ll;a) lbHBa . Uepepy a .l{HjaHH noro,uy a lbOj )iCHTa lby H HAH 3aCa,ll;a. cy 3aKAHlbaxy np03BaIlle Kao ,ll;a,ll;OIlle ce H nOXBHCT. Be,ll;pO, KpOIllalba MOAHAH 060)KaBaxy HMe ,ll;a MAP3AHA. ,ll;OK 3a )KHBAHA HM MapTHH cTa6aAa, nOKBHCT, IIAO,ll;HOCT, nO,ll;apH BeTap Tp~enH (Mapll.HH (1l3eBaHa) YMepeHoCT IllTO a HAH HaCAa,ll;e 3Baxy nOKBHcpHjyqe ) O,ll; KpoHAH lbe ra H H rHuje3HY )l3U03wtuja. Jta3U Map3aHa. nocae1'ieH JKuaaHa. II02ooa. Huju. XpaM HaIlleA, KaKO K~e MjexoBHTa (MeXOBCKH), KO,ll; Ma30Ba 3HaqH HeBpeMe. Hero TaKO 060)KaBaxy AA.l{Y, MajKY Kac Aaoa. Topa H nOA)'KCa. Cenalbe Ha TO 3a,ll;p)Ka ce CBe ,ll;0 MjexoBHTHHor BpeMeHa, jep OH K~e ,ll;a OHH IllTO neBaxy ,ll;peBHe CTHXOBe, nOHaBlhaxy peqH AA.l{A AAJJA, HAEAH HAEAH, nOAEAH nOAEAH. Kaeropa, HaRMe, 3Baxy l1AelbH, a l1Jte.lbu. IIOJte.lbu. nOA)'KCa nOAelbH. nHIlle JaH .l{AyroIll ,ll;a cy y lberoBo BpeMe y qeIllKoj H nOlbCKoj KHTHAH BeHll.HMa KHnOBe Map3aHe H 3jeBoHHje, Te HX HOIllaxy Y CBeqaHoj nOBOpll.H y3 Ty)KH0 neBalbe, ,ll;a 6H HX nOTOM 6all.HAH y MOqBapy HAH y peKY. Pa,ll;HAH cy TO qeTBpTe He,ll;elbe BeAHKor nOCTa y cnOMeH Ha Ce)l;MH ,ll;aH MeCell.a MapTa, Ka,ll;a Kpalb MjeqHCAaB jaBHHM nporAaCOM Hape,ll;H ,ll;a ce pa36Hjy CBH KYMHpH. lbHMa nolball.H nOCBenHBaxy XpaMOBe H noce6Ha MeCTa, 3aTHM KHnOBe, CBeIllTeHHKe TaKoJ:)e, y lbHXOBY qaCT O,ll;pebHBaxy npa3HHqHe ,ll;aHe y3 nAec, CAaBlbe, neCMY H pa3He Hrpe. TaKaB ce 06pe,ll; y npa3HHqHe ,ll;aHe, npHqa .l{AyroIll, pe,ll;OBHO O,ll;P)KaBO y nOlbCKoj CBe ,ll;0 lberoBHX ,ll;aHa, HeKOAHKO Be S4 KOBa no npHMalbY XpHIllnaHCTBa. HaRMe, CBH 3aje,ll;HO, MYIllKapll.H H )KeHe, CTapH H MAa,ll;H, HMaAH cy 06Hqaj OKYnHTH ce y ,ll;aHe Koje MH 30BeMO .l{yxOBHMa H CAaBHTH y3 Hrpe H nlheCKalbe. To cBoje oKYnlbalbe 3Baxy CTa,ll;O, y3 Cmaoo. 145
HCTO SHaqelbe Koje Ta peq H ,Il.aHaC HMa KO,ll. HaC. PyCH H AHTBaHll;H, HapOqHTO Ha ceAY, H ,Il.aH ,Il.aHaC HMajy 06Hqaj, ,Il.OK Hrpajy H IIlbecKajy pYKaMa, IIOHaBlbaTH IIeBajyhH HMe Aa,Il.OHe. rpexa H,Il.OAOIIOKAOHCTBa qecH ce OCTaBHlIIe IIO (MHlIIlbelbY BjeHll;ecMBa qexa H JaHa ,lJy6paBCKor) H IIPH 'Ieuuca MHlIIe xpHlIIhaHCKY Bepy SRXBalbyjyhH MOPaBCKOM KpalbY npena3u Ita CBaTOIIAYKY, 3a BpeMe BAa,Il.aBHHe qelIIKOr Kpalba BOPHBOxpuwJiWtcmeo . 900. zoaulie. Ja H )KeHe My lbY,ll.MHAe OKO ro,ll.HHe 900. Ilolball;H, MeoylIo.1l:>C'ca THM, HCTpajRlIIe y CBOM HeSHa601IITBY, Te ra ce O,ll.peKOlIIe npuxeamu TeK 965. ro,ll.HHe saCAyroM lbHXOBor Kpalba MjeqHCMBa. Ha xpulU1iwtcmeo IIpeo6pahalbe 6HO je IIOTCTaKHY IIOBO,ll.OM KjH heMo Ca,Il.a 965. zoaulie. HSAO)KHTH. IlpeyseBlIIH HaKOH OqeBe CMpTH BAaCT y IlOlbCKOj, y3e OH, KaKO TO Beh 06HqaBaxy He3Ha601IIll;H, Ce,ll.aM )KeHa, HO YCIIPKOC TOMe He ,Il.06H HH je,ll.HOr je,ll.HHOr HaCAe,ll.HHKa KOMe 6H OCTaBHO Kpan;,eBCTBO. Y HCTO ,Il.o6a lIoeoa npeo6pa1ieH>a MHorH IlOlball;H Ha IIoBpaTKY KYhH H3 qelIIKe H MOpaBCKe nOJl:>cKOz ,Il.OHOCHAH cy ca C060M xpHlIIhaHCKY Bepy, a 6HAO je KpaJba XpHlIIhaHa H y IlOlbCKOj, O,ll. KOjHX HeKH y CAYJK6H BAa,ll.apa, Mje'l.uCJ1.aea. ,Il.OK cy ce ,Il.pyrH 6aBHAH TproBHHOM. Bejaxy Ty H OHH KOjH, KaKO 6H ce MOrAH CIIOKOjHO IIOCBeTHTH )l.yXOBHHM CTBapHMa, )KHBlbRXY IIoByqeHo Ha OCaMlbeHHM MeCTHMa. OHH CaBeTOBalIIe H IIO,ll.CTaKHYlIIe MjeqHCAaBa ,Il.a ce OCTaBH 3a6AY,ll.a HeSHa6o)Kall;a H IIpHMH XpHCTa, KOjH je salIITHTHHK IIOTOMCTBa H TelIIHTelb CBHX .uylIIa. Y6e,ll.HlIIe ra ,Il.a ce S,Il.PYJKH C je,ll.HOM je,ll.HHOM )KeHOM xpHlIIhaHKoM y IIpaBoM H 3aKOHHTOM 6paKY, Ha lIITO OH IIOCAa HsaCAaHHKe y qelIIKY ,Il.a HCIIPOCH Khep BojBO,ll.e BOAeCAaBa, a TO je oHaj KOjH 6elIIe y6HO CBor 6paTa, KacHHje IIporAalUeHor CBell;eM. BOAeCMB My He YCKpaTH PYKY cBoje KhepH, ys YCAOB ,Il.a ce IIpOcall; OCTaBH HeSHa60lUTBa H IIOCTaHe XpHlUhaHHH. MjeqHCAaB ca 3a,1l.0BOlbCTBOM IIpHCTa H yqHHHTH TO. Y je,ll.HOM ,liQ.M6poecrm je,ll.HHOM ,Il.aHY, a 6elUe TO ro,ll.HHe 965, MjeqHCAaB IIpHMH '1< JKelia KPaJba rHHjesHoM CBeTO KplUTelbe H O)KeHH ,Il.eBHIJ;Y ,llaM6POBKY. Mje'l.uCJ1.aea. 113,1l.a IIOTOM IIporAac, KOjHM HaAO)KH ,Il.a y CBHM rpa,ll.OBHMa . H ,Il.pyrHM MeCTHMa y lberoBY KpalbeBCTBY 6y.uy pas6HjeHH Y 6ujajy 1I00000cKoj KyMUpe. Pa3 KYMHpH H ,Il.a c~aKo 6Y,ll.e KplUTeH. TaKo )l.yro ,Il.OK OCTa y )KHBOTY, HacToJalUe CBHM CHAaMa YBeCTH, a IIOTOM O,ll.p )KaTH XPHlUhaHcKY Bepy y qHTaBOM CBOM KpalbeBCTBY. AHTBaHll;H, HaKO CAOBeHCKora pO,ll.a H HCTOBpeMeHO yje)l.HBepa 6 . . Jl.umealia a. lbeHH C IIOlbCKHM KpalbeBCTBOM, eJaxy BpAO HCTpaJHH, Te tJ Sa,ll.p)KalUe rryCTO cBoje IIpasHoBepje y AaJKHe 60roBe A}')Ke 55 qaK H 0,Zl; caMHX IlolbaKa. 060)KaBaxy 60ra BaTpe, Kojer Ha 31iUT./ CBOM je3HKY SBaxy 3Hllq, Te Ha HeKHM MeCTHMa H y HajBehHM rpa,ll.OBHMa O,ll.p)KaBaxy CTaAaH H BeqaH IIAaMeH, HHKa,Il.a ra He racehH. O,ll.aBaxy IIOqaCTH rpoMoBHMa, Koje lIepKYliu. SBaxy IlEPKYHll, Kao 60)KaHCTBHMa. CBeTH IIAaMeH, IIpe,Zl;MeT lbHXOBa 060)KaBalba, CBelUTeHHll;H HS xpaMa HeIIpeCTaHO O,ll.p)KaBaxy, KaKO ce H Ha TpeH He 6H yraCHO. 146 ," IlpHjaTelbH 60AeCHHX ,Il.OM3HAH cy CBelUTeHHll;HMa IIO caBeT, a OBH cy Hohy IIpHAaSHAH CBeTOM IIAaMeHY H jyTPOM ,Il.aBaAH O,ll.roBOP ,Il.a cy y BaTpH BH,Il.eAH 60AeCHHKOBY ceHKY. OCHM Tora, 6HAe cy TaMO )l.y6paBe H 6HpaHa CTa6Aa y lUYMaMa IIOCBeheHH lbHXOBHM 6oroBHMa, Te HHKOMe He 6ejalUe ,Il.OIIYlUTeHO ,Il.OTaKHYTH HX MaqeM, a aKO 6H cAyqajHo HeKO TO H yqHHHO, He 6H IIpOlUao HeKaJKlbeHO. HaHMe, H3a3BaBlUH THMe cpJ,I6y 3Ao.uyxa HAH 6H Ha MeCTy IIao MPTaB HAH 6H IIaK OCTao ocaKaheH H3ry6HBlUH HeKH ,Il.eo TeAa. BepOBaxy jOlU ,Il.a OTpOBHHll;e H ,Il.pyre 3MHje Hoce y ce6H ,Il.eo 6o)KaHcKe IIpHpO,ll.e, Te cy HX XpaHHAH IIO KYhaMa H y IIOPO,ll.Hll;H Kao KYhHa 60)KaHCTBa, IIpHHocehH HM )KpTBY Y MAeKY H KOKOlIIHMa. BHAO je OIIaCHO H IIory6HO 3a qHTaBY IIOpO,ll.HIJ;Y y6HTH HeKY O,ll. THX 3MHja HAH joj HaHeTH HeKO 311.0. CBaKe ro,ll.HHe IIpBor ,Il.aHa oKTo6pa, HaKOH )KeTBe H 6ep6e, IIPHHOCHAH cy CBeqaHe )KpTBe, y qeMY cy CY,ll.eAOBaAH MHorH ca )KeHaMa H ,Il.ell;OM, IIa cy ce TpH ,Il.aHa ysaCToIIll;e rOCTHAH OHHMe lUTO 6ejaxy SaKAaAH H IIOHY,ll.HAH 6oroBHMa Kao )KPTBy. Ilo IIOBpaTKY H3 paTa, CIIalbHBaAH cy YMecro )KpTBeHe )KHBOTHlbe ,Il.eo paTHor IIAeHa H IIOHeKor paTHor 3apo6lbeHHKa. By.uyhH ,Il.aKAe ,Il.a AHTBaHll;H )KHBelUe y TaKBOM rpexy, BeAHKH BojBO,ll.a AHTBaHCKH JareAOH. sHajyhH ,Il.a IlOlbCKOM BAa,ll.a ,Il.eBHll;a Xe,ll.BHra, rO,ll.HHe 1385. IIOCAa ,Il.Ba cBoja 6paTa HCIIPOCHTH lbe3HHY PYKY. ,lloBe,ll.eHH IIpe,ll. KpalbHIJ;Y, OBaKO joj ce 06paTHlUe: AKO ce BH, MY,Il.pa ,Il.eBHll;e ,Il.OCTojHa TaKO Y3BHlIIeHa IIOAO )Kaja, y,ll.OCTojHTe Y3eTH 3a MYJKa rocIIO,ll.apa HRlIIera JareAOHa, OH 06ehaBa ,Il.a he IIOCTaTH xpHlUhaHHHoM 3aje,ll.HO C qHTaBOM AHTBOM, ,Il.a he OCAo60,ll.HTH CBe IlolbaKe Koje ,Il.p)KH y 3ap06lbeHHlIITBY H ,Il.a he sayseK yje,ll.HHHTH cBoje SeMlbe C KpalbeBCTBOM IIOlbCKHM; IIOHY,Il.H ce TaKOoe ,Il.a IIoBpaTH seMlbe IloMepaHHjy, KYAMeK, IIIAecKY H cBaKY ,Il.pyry Koja 6ejRlIIe oTprHyTa O,ll. KpalbeBCTBa IIOlbCKor. Ta IIOPYKa He 6ejalIIe IIO BOlbH KPalbHll;H, aAH ce CBH,Il.e 6HCKYIIHMa H IIAeMHhHMa, jep YBH,Il.elIIe ,Il.a 6H Ha Taj HaqHH IIOlbCKO KpalbeBCTBO 6HAO CHrypHHje O,ll. yna,ll.a ryOHHall;a, a IIpH TOMe 6H BeAHKO MHOlIITBO lbY,ll.H 6HAO oCA06ooeHO H3 COTOHHHHX PYKY H IIpHBe,ll.eHO XPHCTy. CTBap je, HIIaK, IIperrylUTeHa BOlbH yrapcKe KpalbHll;e, MajKe Xe)l.BHrHHe. OHa O,ll.roBOPH ,Il.a 6H joj 3a,1l.0BOlbCTBO 6HAO Ka,ll. 6H BeAHKalUH IIOlbCKH IIpHXBaTHAH OHO lUTO je Ha KOPHCT XPHlIIhaHcKoM cBery H IIOlbCKOM KpalbeBCTBY. CTora J areAOH ,Il.oOe y KpaKOB C 6pahoM H y IIpaTlbH 6pojHe ,Il.pYJKHHe AHTBaHCKHX IIAeMHha, Te CT}'IIHBlUH IIpe,ll. KpalbHIJ;Y, IIpe,ll.a joj KpalbeBCKe ,Il.apOBe, a 6elIIe TO ro,ll.HHe 1386. He)l.yro IIOTOM, IIoyqeH yqelbeM Bepe XPHlIIhaHCKe, 6H KplUTeH HOBHM HMeHOM BAa,Il.HCAaB. TaKooe H HMeHa 6pahe lberoBe 6ejaxy KplIITelbeM H3MelbeHa, jep BHroHT 6elIIe IIP03BaH 147 IIpUitOlUeH>e JKpmee KOa Jl.umealtatJa. Jl.umealic1\U eojeoaa Jazenoli npocu py"Ky nO.1l:>C"Ke KpaJbutJe Xeaeuze. 06e1ia aa 1ie nocmamu xpulU1ialiuli. 56 Jazenoli ce Kpcmuu npOM.eHU UM.e y B.n.aauCJ1.ae zoaulie 1386.
r-. AAeKcaH.n:ap, KOpHraAOH rrOCTa Ka3HMHp, a CBHTpHraAOH BOAeCAaB. I1cTora .n:aHa lbHXOBa KpIllTelba, O.n:P)KH ce BeH ':Ialbe KPaJhH':IHHO, a rrOlhCKOM KpaJheBCTBY 6ejaxy 3aYBeK rrpHrrojeHe AHTBa. CaMoje.n:a H PyCHja. HaKOH Tora BAaKpyHucaHje .n:HCAaB 6H rrOMa3aH H OKpYlbeH KpaJheM I1olhcKe, ro.n:HHe KPQJbe.M. 1387. )KeAetm .n:a rrpe06paTH Ha xpHIllhaHcTBo AHTBaHCKH IIoJbcKe. Hapo.n:, rrOBe.n:e ca C060M )KeHY CBOjy KPaJhHUY, BOjBO.n:y o.n: Ma30BHje H MHore 6HcKYrre H .n:pyro CBeIllTeHCTBO. CTHraBBpana ce y J\u- IllH Y AHTBY, o.n:BpaTH Hapo.n: o.n: H.n:OAOrrOKAOHCTBa, yracH mey u camupe CBeTH rrAaMeH, cpaBHH ca 3eMlhOM xpaMOBe H OATape rroUOOAonOIUlOH- cBeheHe KYMHpHMa, rroce':le y KopeHY IllyMe H rr06H 3MHje cmeo. Koje AHTBaHl.J:H 060)KaBaxy. Ho Ka.n: rr03Ba Hapo.n: y ceqy lberoBHx CBeTHX IllyMa H cTa6aAa, HHKO ce He O.n:Ba)KH rB03.n:eHOM OIllTPHU:OM .n:OTaKHYTH CBeTO .n:PBO, CBe .n:OK HX rrporrOBe.n:HHK He oxpa6pH rrpJ)KHBIllH HM H caM rrpHMep CBOjHX pe':lH. 3aTpBIllH y rroTrryHoCTH He3Ha60IllTBO, rroy ':IaBaIlle rryK yqelby Bepe H pe':lH rocrro.n:lboj, .n:a 6H ra 3aTHM H rrOKpCTHO. I1060)KHH KPaJh CBaKor rryqaHHHa KOjH BAaOUC1l.aB.!bee 6eIlle rrpHCTyrrHo KpIllTelbY, .n:apHBaIlle HOBHM o.n:eAOM H3 oap HoeUM '" . xpuwnaHUMa. pa.)eHHM O.n: TKaHHHe .n:OHeCeHe H3 I1olhcKe, a TOM CBOJOM 6PH)KHOM lhy6a3HoIllhy rrOCTH)Ke TO .n:a Hapo.n:, H BeAHKaIllH H CHpOTHlba, KOjH ce .n:OTa.n: 6ejaxy 3a.n:OBOlhHAH rrAaTHeHOM o.n:ehOM, Ka.n: ce rrpoHece rAac 0 TOM .n:apHBalbY, rrOXHTa 57 AMCTOM ca CBHX CTpaHa .n:a ce rrOKpCTH, He 6H AM .n:06HO 06zopjaHlJU u BYHeHo o.n:eAo. Ho OHH H3 CaMoje.n:e, rrpeM.n:a rro AHTBH CQ.Mojeou, 6ejaxy rrpHrrojeHH KpaJheBHHH I10lhCKOj, He rrOKopHIlle ce CAoeeHu XPHCTY, Hero 3aje.n:HO C 06ropjaHU:HMa OCTa.n:OIlle orpe3AM pamo6opHu u y He3-Ha60IllTBY. Te cy .n:Be rroKpajHHe (rro CBe.n:O':lelbY I1e Cp1.l.aHU.. Tpa Kpy36epa y 2. KlbH3H H KapAa H3 BarpHeHa y 7. 0 BeHe.n:HMa) HaCTalbeHe CAOBeHCKHM Hapo.n:oM, paT060pHHM H rrpeKo CBaKe Mepe CMeAMM, 0 ':IeMY ':IeCTO 6ejaxy rrpJ)KHAH .n:OKa3e y oKpIllajHMa ca CBOjHM cyce.n:HMa, Koje )'Bell: .n:P)Kaxy rro.n: opJ)KjeM. Y rrycToIllelbHMa H rrlha':lKalbHMa, HaHMe (Ka)Ke Kpy36ep), Ha.n:MaIllHBaxy CBe OCTaAe. CaMoje.n:H ()KeMajTH) TaKol)e, rroBo.n:ehH ce 3a OCTaAHM CAoBeHHMa, rroIllToBaxy KYMHpe, a Bepa lbHXOBa 6eIlle Bp CQ.MojeOu AO CAH':IHa BepH AHTBaHau:a. BHAH cy, HaHMe, rrpHBp)KeHH eepyjy y rrpe.n:3HaU:HMa H rrpopHu:albHMa. 113Ha.n: CBera, HrraK, npeo3HaKe. 060)KaBaxy BaTpy, KOjy cMaTpaxy rrpecBeToM H Be':lHOM, Te je .n:P)Kaxy 3aTBopeHY y KYAM Ha BPX 6p.n:a, a CBeIllTeHHU:H je HerrpecTaHo o.n:p)KaBaxy .n:o.n:aBalbeM .n:pBa. I1Ma.n:oIlle TaKol)e H cBoje rrocBeheHe IllYMe, Koje 060)KaBaxy rrorryT CBeTHlba H rrpe6HBaAHIllTa CBOjHX 60roBa. A 6ejaxy 06y3eTH TaKBHM .n:yxOBHHM CAerrHAOM, .n:a BepoBaxy KaKO cy CBeTe He caMO Te IllYMe, Hero ':IaK H rrTHu:e H 3BepH Koje y lbHMa rrpe6HBajy, H CBe OHO IllTO 3al)e y IllYMY. Y THM CBeTHM IllYMaMa o.n:p)KaBaxy rrAaMeH Ha orlbHIllTHMa rro .n:elheHHM rrpeMa KYhaMa H PO.n:OBHMa, r.n:e CrraJhHBaxy TeAa 148 CBOjHX .n:parHX H po.n:6HHe, 3aje.n:HO C KOlbHMa, Ce.ll:i\HMa H HajCKYrro~eHHjoM o.n:ehOM. I10Kpaj THX orlbHIllTa rrOCTaBlhaxy CTOAHhe o.n: xpaCTa rrAYTlbaKa, a Ha lbHMa jeAa rrpHrrpeMlheHa o.n: XAe6a y 06AMKY CHpa, .n:OK Ha.n: rrAaMeHOM CHrraxy CAa.n:, 06MaHYTH y CBOjOj AaKOBepHOCTH .n:a he .n:yIlle rroKojHHKa, ':IHja TeAa 6ejaxy TaMO CrraJheHa, .n:OhH Hohy H OKperrHTH ce jeAoM. CelhaU:H H3 CaMoje.n:e (rrpeMa H3BeIllTajHMa AAeKcaH.n:pa rBalbHHa y lberoBoj CapMaTHjH) rrpexpalbHBaxy rro KYhaMa HeKaKBe 3MHje C ':IeTHpH HO)KHu:e rrorryT ryIllTepa, u:pHe H KpyrrHa TeAa, Koje Ha CBOM MaTepHlbeM je3HKY 3Baxy )KI1BOJTI1JI1, a cMaTpaxy HX 3a KYhHa 60)KaHCTBa. 3a rrpO':lHIllhaBalba .n:OMOBa Te 6H 3MHje H3Aa3HAe jeCTH rrpHrrpeMlheHy xpaHY, a .n:OK 6H OHe jeAe, ':IHTaBa 6H ce rropo.n:Hu:a oKYrrHAa OKO lbHX C BeAHKHM cTpaxorroIllToBalbeM H ':IeKaAa .n:a ce CHTe BpaTe Ha cBoje MeCTO. AKO 6H cAyqajHo HeKaKBa Hecpeha 3a.n:eCHAa rroPO.n:HUY, BepoBaxy .n:a je TO 3aTO IllTO ca 3MHjOAHKHM CBOjHM KYhHHM 60)KaHCTBOM HHCY .n:06po rrOCTYrraAH H IllTO ce HHje .n:o CHTa HajeAO. CBaKe ro.n:HHe KpajeM OKT06pa, HaKOH )KeTBe H 6ep6e, rrpHpel)HBaxy Ha cAe.n:ehH Ha':lHH jaBHY CBe':laHY ro36y. CBH ce ca )KeHaMa CBOjHM, .n:eU:OM H rrocAyroM CKYrrlhaxy Ha MeCTO o.n:pel)eHo 3a r036y H rrOCTaBlhaxy CTO Ha ceHY, a rrocpe.n: CTOAa XAe6 H y3 lbera rrap Kp':lara CAa.n:OBHHe. ,UOBO.n:HAH cy 3aTHM TeAe, Berrpa H KpMa':lY, rreTAa H KOKOIllKY H .n:pyre .n:oMahe )KHBOTHlbe y rrapOBHMa MY)KjaKa H )KeHKe. I1pe HO IllTO 6H HX y6HAH 3a )KPTBY, .n:OIllao 6H raTaAau: Te 6H, H3rOBopHBIllH HeKOAMKO pe':lH, 3arrO':leO TyhH )KHBOTHlbY 6aTHHOM, ':IeMY 6H rrOTOM rrpHOHYAH H CBH rrpHcyTHH, TYKYhH je rro rAaBH, HOraMa H Tp6yxy, roBopehH: OBO cy TH .n:apOBH, 60)Ke 3JEMEHI1qE Oep TH celhaU:H TaKO 3Baxy .n:eMoHa), 3axBaJhyjeMo TH IllTO CH Hac OBe ro.n:HHe o.n:p)Kao y 3.n:paBlhY H IllTO CH HaM .n:ao 06H1he CBera; a ca.n: Te MOAHMO, .n:a Hac H cAe.n:ehe ro.n:HHe rrOMa)KeIll H 3aIllTHIll o.n: BaTpe, Ma':la, KYre H o.n: CBHX HerrpHjaTelha. 3aTHM 6H jeAM Meco )KPTBoBaHHx )KHBoTHlba, a rrpe HO IllTO 6H rrO':leAH jecTH, o.n: CBaKor 6H jeAa 0.n:pe3aAM KOMa.n: H rr06aU:aAH HX Ha 3eMlhY y CBaKH KYT KYhe, roBopehH: OBO je Te6H )KpTBa, 0 3jeMeHH':Ie, rrpHMH je H rroje.n:H y CAaCT. Ta.n:a 6H CBH rrpHoHyAM jeAY y Becelhy. Ta rrpa3HoBepja CaMoje.n:a rroTpajaIlle .n:o ro.n:HHe 1413, Ka.n: rrOlhCKH KPaJh BAa.n:HcAaB, BoroM Ha.n:axHyT, KpeHy Ha lbHX H caBAa.n:a HX. CrraAH Ta.n:a KYAy CBeTor IIAaMeHa, yracH IIAaMeH, rroce':le IllYMe y KopeHY, He 6e3 BeAMKor qyl)elba TaMOIlllber Hapo.n:a, KOjH Hje Morao BepOBaTH CBOjHM O':lHMa .n:a rrOlhCKH BOjHHU:H, KOjH 6ejaxy rroceKAH rnyMe, HHCY HHMaAO 03Ael)eHH, KaKO ce lbHMa caMHMa BHIlle HO je.n:HoM .n:oro.n:HAO. 3arroBe.n:H rrOTOM KPaJh BAa.n:HcAaB .n:a CBH rroCTaHY xpHIllhaHH H KpCTe ce, a rro.n:H)Ke rrpeKpacHY U:pKBy 149 JKueojmuju, KynHa 60:JICaHCmea CQ.Mojeoa. 58 T036e Ibuxoee. JKpmeoealba. KyMUp 3je.M.eHuK. CQ.Mojeoa nocmaje xpuwnaHcKa 1413. zoouHe. YHuwmeHo uooAonolUloHc meoy CQ.MojeOu. IIoOu/lCY ce lJPKee y MjeoHuxy.
."......~ KyMUpu U Y Mje,lJ,HHXY. 06ropjaHUH 06mKaBaxy Kj'MHpa no HMeHY eepoear-oa 3J\ATASASA, O,lJ,HOCHO 3AaTHa 6aKa, ":IHjH KHn cTajaIl1e y3 06zopjal-ta/Ja. pjeKj' 06yo, ,lJ,p1Kerm y KPHAY ,lJ,eTeHl:J;e 3a Koje ce rOBopHAO 59,lJ,a joj je YHYK. KyMHp Taj 6ejarne OnpeMlI>eH HHCTpYMeHHe3l-ta ce epeMe npe06pa1'tar-oa 06zopjal-ta/Ja. Bel-teaucy pooa ClWeel-tC/Wza. Bal-toaJlu U Cnoeel-tu ce Pa3.Jl.U1<cyjy ca~ MonoUMel-ty. CnoeeHu opeel-tu I-tapoo U3 TepMal-tuje. JIocmajy 6pojl-tuju U Cl-tQ.)l(l-tuju. Cnoeel-tu npoaupy cee 00 THMa, Koja nonyT Tpy6a HCnyIl1Taxy CHa1KaH 3BYK. Ka,D,a 6H HeIl1TO XTeO Y":IHHHTH HAH KpeHYTH Ha nyT, CBeIl1TeHHK 6H Tpa1KHO CaBjeT 0,lJ, Tor Kj'MHpa. je TO ":IY,lJ,0 jep (KaKO Ka1Ke A6paxaM OpTeA y CBOM TeaTpy) Kj'MHP ,lJ,aBaIl1e Ta":lHe H CHrypHe O,lJ,rOBOpe 0 OHOMe Il1Ta Tpe6a ,lJ,a ":IHHe. HHKO ce He 6H YCY,lJ,HO nponH nOKpaj lbera, a ,lJ,a He OCTaBH HeKaKaB ,lJ,ap, na Ka,D, HHIl1Ta ,lJ,pyro He 6H HMao, CBYKao 6H ca ce6e K01KYX, nao HH":IHue Ha 3eMlbY H (KaKO Ka1Ke JoxaH Ay6aHYc) nOHY,lJ,HO My K01KYX Ha ,lJ,ap. HHCaM HaIl1aO 3anHca 0 BpeMeHY npeo6pahelba 06ropjaHaua HH KO,lJ, je,lJ,Hor ayTopa, na hy npehH Ha ,lJ,pyre CAOBeHe, Ta":lHHje, Ha OHe KOjH 3aY3eIl1e ":IHTaBO npHMopje Koje ce npoTe1Ke O,lJ, OA3aUHje ,lJ,0 i\HBoHHje. Y THM KpajeBHMa (no CBe ,lJ,O":lelbY ITeTepa ApToneyca) 1KHBlbaIl1e CAOBeHCKH HapO,lJ, no HMeHY BeHe,lJ,H HAH BeHeTH. CAa1Ke ce C THMe H JoxaH MarHYC rOT y 6. KlbH3H, nOrAaBlbY 21, r,lJ,e OBaKO roBOPH: Ko cy 6HAH BeHeTH, Jop,lJ,aHeC je H3A01KHO nOBo,lJ,ehH ce 3a aYTopHTeTOM A6Aa6HjeBHM H TBp,lJ,ehH ,lJ,a ce Pa,D,H 0 nAeMeHY CAOBeHCKora pO,lJ,a. HaHMe, nO,lJ,elbeHH KaKO Ben 6ejaxy Ha pa3He HapO,lJ,e (a TaKO je H ,lJ,aHac), CAOBeHH ,lJ,06HIl1e pa3AH":IHTa HMeHa. H YHCTHHY, nyK ce CAOBeHCKH He pa3 AHK}'je 0,lJ, BaH,lJ,aAa HH no ":IeMY ,lJ,pyroM, ,lJ,O no HMeHY. JoxaH ABeHTHHYC naK y 2. KlbH3H Ka1Ke: 3a BpeMe BAa,lJ,aBHHe uapa MapUHjaHa, OKO 453. rO,lJ,HHe, HapO,lJ, BeHe,lJ,a, KOjH ce6e caMe Ha3HBajy CAOBeHHMa, a KOjH cy ,lJ,peBHH Hapo,lJ, H3 repMaHHje (KaKO nHIl1e TaUHT), rrpO,lJ,peBIl1H y CBOjHM yrra,D,HMa y Il1yMe H nAaHHHe CMeIl1TeHe H3Mel)y no ,lJ,pY":lja ITeY":laHa H ¢eHa, 360r rpexa HaIl1HX (KaKO KaJIre Jop,lJ,aHec) nOCTa,D,OIl1e OKpyTHH, 6pOjHHjH H CHa1KHHjH, Y . TOAHKOJ MepH ,na MaAO rro MaAO rrperrAaBHIl1e H 3aY3eIIIe ":IHTaB Kpaj CMelliTeH H3Mel)y peKa i\a6e H TaHe, Kao H ueAOM .lfY1KHHOM H Il1HPHHOM H3Mel)y Ko,naHCKor H Ja,D,paHCKor Mopa. ITpo,npellie 3aTHM CBe ,no KpajlbHx o6aAa 3aKpGjr-oux on6a~ rra,D,HOr OKeaHa, Kao IIITO ce BH,lJ,H KO,n ITaBAa QaKOHa y 17. Aa 3anaOHOZ KlbH3H, r,lJ,e OBaKO Ka1Ke: Ho cAe,nenera ,lJ,aHa PHMlbaHH OIceal-ta. yxaaTHIl1e TpH CAOBeHCKa MY1Ka, KOjH He HOCHIIIe ca C060M HHIl1Ta rB03,neHora OCHM Il1THTOBe y PYKaMa. Uap MaBpH Aeapc/CU Kpa.7b • 6 XaKflI-t WQJbe KHJe HX yrrHTa OTKj',lJ, ,lJ,OAa3e H r,lJ,e cy HM OpaBHIIITa. OHH Cnoeel-tUMa MY O,nroBopHIl1e ,na cy po,na CAOBeHCKora H ,lJ,a )KHBe Kpaj Vlacl-tUKe U 06aAa 3arra,nHor OKeaHa, Te ,lJ,a je aBapcKH Kpalb XaKaH mp= nOMan. rrOCAao lbHXOBHM KHe1KeBHMa rAaCHHKe C ,lJ,apOBHMa, TpaCnoeel-tc/CU h h nOV!aeapu. 1Ke H rrOMO rrpoTHB PHMlbaHa. CTora cy HX norAaBapH 60 lbHXOBH rrOCAaAH XaKaHY ,na My 06jacHe KaKO je TO 360r y,nalbeHOCTH 3eMalba HeMoryne, jep cy OHH caMH npOBeAH 150 Ha nyTy ocaMHaeCT MeceUH. illTHTOBe cy HOCHAH, KaKO 06jacHHIl1e, 6y,z:ryhH ,lJ,a HHTKO 0,lJ, lbHX HHje BH,lJ,eO OKAorr, jep 3eMlba lbHXOBa He rro3Haje rB01Kl)e. Uap, ,lJ,aKAe, 3a ":Iyl)eH lbHXOBHM 1KHBOTOM H yje,lJ,HO 3a,D,HBlbeH KpyrrHHM lbHXOBHM CTaCOM, rrOCAa HX y XepaKAejy. ITo THM je CAOBeHHMa BeHe,lJ,HMa Mope BeHe,lJ,CKO ,lJ,06HAO HMe, jep OHH, rrpera3HBIl1H rrpBO peKj' BHCAY H CTHraBIl1H y CBOM rroxo,z:ry CBe ,lJ,O i\a6e, Hana,D,OIl1e OHe KojH HaCTalbaBaxy o6aAe KO,lJ,aHCKor Mopa. Y TO ,lJ,06a 6ejaxy TH KpajeBH HaCTalbeHH CHa1KHHM H BPAO MonHHM HapO,lJ,HMa, Kao Il1TO cy CBeBH, i\aHro6ap,lJ,H. PyjaHUH H CBHTOHUH KOjH, HaKOH nopa3a 0,lJ, CAOBeHa, KpeHYllie y cMepy ,nyHaBa. XHTpeyc y 3. KlbH3H, r,lJ,e rOBopH 0 Toj rrpOBaAH Ka1Ke: Hapo,lJ, XeHeTH HAH BeHe,lJ,H. Koje HHjeMUH 30BY BeH,lJ,eH, TaAHjaHH CAaBH, a y KO,lJ, Hac HM je HMe BaH,lJ,aAH, 3aY3eIl1e, HaKOH Ko6HHX THX ceo6a HapO,lJ,a, 'IHTaBY 06aAy SaATH'IKOr Mopa, OKO lbeTa rOcrro,lJ,lber 500. O,lJ, SaATH":IKOr Mopa na CBe ,lJ,O i\a6e, 0,lJ, H3Bopa, O,lJ,HOCHO je,lJ,aHaeCT rrOTOKa KOjH ce y lby cAHBajy rrpe HO Il1TO ce crrYCTH HH3 'IelliKe TIAaHHHe, rOTOBO CBe ,lJ,O pe":lHOr YIl1ha, 1KHBlbaxy OHH HeKOAHKO BeKOBa. ITPOIl1HpHIl1e CHAHO KpalbeBCTBO cBoje, ,lJ,OK HX XeHpHK AyKj'rr H CHARH OTOH He rroTyKOIl1e rrpBH rryT Ha peKaMa i\a6H H XaBeAY. HaKOH lbHX H XeHpHK i\aB, IIIeCTO rO,lJ,HHa HaKOH lbHXOBa ,lJ,OAaCKa y Te KpajeBe, ,lJ,eAOM HX y CTaAHHM paTOBHMa rroy6Hja, a ,lJ,eAOM rropa3H H no.njapMH. Y3 yaol)elbe XpHIl1naHCTBa, H3HHKHYllie y THM KpajeBHMa H Hacelba HeMaua. Ho ycrrpKoc TOMe, H ,lJ,aH ,lJ,aHaC ce OCTaUH CAOBeHa HaAa3e y3 06aAe i\a6e, y i\Y1KHUH H Ha ,lJ,pyrHM MeCTHMa. ITpeM,lJ,a y rro'IeTKj', y BpeMe 3aY3HMalba 6aATH":IKe 06aAe, HMaAH je,lJ,HHCTBeHo HMe CAoBeHH, rrOTOM cy HM Ha,D,eHyTa pa3Ha HMeHa, Te ce HeKH 0,lJ, lbHX OBaKO 3Baxy: ITOMEPAHUH. BHi\UH H PyrAHUH. OCTpBlbaHH lbHMa HacyrrpoT. BAPHABH. OSo'llPHTH. ITOJ\ASH. BArHPH. i\HHrOHH. ITOMEPAHUH, JOIl1 YBHjeK rr03HaTH rro,lJ, ,lJ,peBHHM HMeHOM, TyMa":le ce Kao npHMopUH, jep nOMepHe Ha CAOBeHCKOM je3HKj' He 3Ha'IH HHIl1Ta ,lJ,pyro,lJ,O 3eMlbY y3 Mope, rroMopje HAH rrpHMopje. Y rrpOlliAOCTH IToMepaHHja HMa rpaHHue MHOro Il1Hpe HO Il1TO cy TO ,lJ,aHac. IToMepaHUH (KaKO rrHIIIe AA6epT KpaHU y 1. KlbH3H, rrorAaBlbY 16) 3aje,lJ,HO C KaIIIy6HMa HaCTalbaBaxy Te 06aAe Beh y pa3,lJ,06lby rrpe KpHCTa. BHi\UH H lbYTHnH, O,lJ,HOCHO i\Y1KH":IaHH, 6ejallie HMe Koje o6YXBaTa OBa 'IeTHpH HapO,lJ,a: TOi\EHUH, 151 3umu BQJba YOQJbeHocm CAoeeHu OOMoeUHe CnoeeHa. eeAUKY 3anay ceojoj 3eMlbU He n03Hajy 2eOJICOe. Bel-teOCKO Mopeo06uja UMeno CAoeeHUMa BeHeihLMa. MH02U CHQ.)I(HU Hapoau npempne nopa3 00 CnoeeHa. Cacu30ey CAoeeHe Bal-tOaJlUMa. YKoje 006a 3ay3ewe 6aJl mW-I.Ke 06aJle. CnoeeHu CUA HO npowupe ceoje Kpa Jbeecmeo. Bope ce npo mueXeHpuKa AyKynaUCUAH020moHa. Pa:ma UMeHa CAoeeHaca BaJlmUttK02 Mapa. 61 JIOMepje KOO C.llOeeHa 3HattU 3eMJby xpajMopa. JIOMepaH/JU u Kawy6u HaCeJbGeaxy JIoMepaHujy y epeMe npe Xpucma..
PE,llAPl1 l1Al1 Pl1ALlYPl1, Il,l1PIl,l1TIAH11, Kl1Il,l1HI1. Bl1AIl,l1 ,lJ.06Hllie TO HMe (KaKO IIHllie XeAM01\A y 3. IIorAaB lby) 360r BeAHKe cBoje CHare. TOAEHIl,l1 H Pe,lJ.apH cy IIO XeAM0Nl:Y je,lJ.aH Te HCTH HapO,lJ., a'iHHH ce,lJ.a cy OBH ,lJ.pyrH TO HMe ,lJ.06HAH IIO rpa.n;y PeTpH, ,lJ.OK OHH IIpBH IIO peU;H TOAeHC, y3 KOjy ce HaAa3Hllie H..HXOBa 60pa'BHlliTa. Pe,lJ.apH :>KHBlbaxy y rpaHHu;aMa CTe THFhaHa H3MeOY peKa llaH H BjMpa. Il,l1PIl,l1TIAHl1 ,nyryjy HMe peU;H llaH, a FhHXOBa 60paBHlliTa 6ejaxy CMelliTeHa y Kpajy OKO fpHIICMAHje, BOAraCTa H COH,lJ.Hja. Kl1Il,l1Hl1 (Xl12KAHl1) IIpe6HBaxy y 6AH3HHH rpMa fy'qe roBHja, a MO}K,lJ.a My IIO FhHMa H OCTa HMe. PYJAHIl,l1, O,lJ.HOCHO PaHH, 30By ce TaKO IIO OCTPBY PyjaH, HCTO RaO lliTO ce qecH H3 BoxeMHje IIO FhOj 30BY BoxeMH. BAPHABl1 6ejaxy TaKO Ha3BaHH IIO peu;H BapHaBH Ha IIO,lJ.pyqjy POCTOKa. OBO.llPl1Tl1 ,lJ.p:>Kaxy Y IIoce,ny 3eMlbe MeKAeH6yp:>KaHa. llOMBl1, BepyjeM, Y3ellie TO HMe IIO TaMolliFhoj paBHHU;H. fAaBHH rpM FhHXOB 6ellie Pau;e6ypr. II03HaT IIpBO IIO KHe :>KeBHHH, a 3aTHM IIO 6HCK)'IIHjH. BAfl1Pl1 HaCTaH..aBaxy Kpaj KO,lJ. 01\AeH6ypra, rpMa CBO jeBpeMeHO CAaBHOr IIO 6HCK)'IIHjH. HaHMe, IIOTOM 6HCK)'IIY 62 fepoNl:Y YCIIe ,lJ.a 6HCK)'IIHja 6Y,lJ.e IIpeMelliTeHa y AHH6eK. 113Meoy AHHroHa H AHHa He npaBHM pa3AHKe. J::bHX cnOMHH..e XeAM01\A y 1. KH..H3H, je,lJ.He y 1. IIorAaBlbY, a ,lJ.pyre y 38. IIorAaBlbY. AyHe H AYHe6ypr 'iyeajy jOlli yeHjeK cnOMeH Ha FhHX, jep KruKe ce,lJ.a HM TaMO 6ejaxy npe6HBaAHlliTa. l1MeHa ,lJ.pyrHX CAOBeHCKHX HapO,lJ.a KOjH ce 3aycTaBHllie (KaKo Ka:>Ke XeAM01\A) y l1CTO'iHOj CAaBHjH, lliTO 3Ha'iH H37 '; Meoy peKe Aa6e H BjMpa, O,lJ.HOCHO y BpaH,lJ.eH6yplliKoj KpajHHH, jecy CAe,lJ.ena: AEYBYCl1, Bl1Al1Hl1, CTY.llEPAHl1, BP113AHl1. BEPAl1 HAH (X)EPYAl1, Te MHOrH ,lJ.pyrH KOjH ce HaAa3e KO,lJ. XeAM01\Aa. BepAH HAH XjepyAH HaCTaH..aBaxy KpajeBe y3 peK)' XaABeA, a HMe FhHXOBO OCTa CBe ,lJ.O ,lJ.aHa ,lJ.aHalliH..era TpaiJ BepJl rpa.n;y BepAY, CMelliTeHOM y rpaHHu;aMa 060,lJ.pHTa. BH KOjH HaseaH no BepJl!.l.MO.. BAMaxy BepAHMa TY cy HH:>Ke 3anHcaHH. llOlll1C KHE2KEBA 11 BOJBO.llA KHeJlCe8U CAOBeHa BepAa HAH [X)epYAa. CJweeHa BepJla. a,lJ.allie y BpeMe u;apa KapAa BeAHKOr CAO HMa H PyjaHU;HMa C BaATH'iKOr Mopa. J::beroBa 152 -' CBaCTHRa, O,lJ.HOCHO ceCTpa FheroBe :>KeHe, no HMeHY XHA ,lJ.erap,lJ.a, 3,lJ.PY:>KH ce y 6paK)' ca CBeHOHOM, KpalbeM IllBe,lJ. CKe H fOTCKe. Bl1AYHf, CHH ApHnepTOB, nOKopH cyce,D.He HapO,lJ.e H npolliHpH CBOjy BAaCT O,lJ. BHCAe ,lJ.O Be3epe H O,lJ. .llaHcKe ,lJ.O OA3aU;Hje (fOAlliTHHHje). )KHBeo je y MeKAeH6ypry, Ce,lJ.HlliTY H npeCTOHHU;H CBOjHX IIpe,lJ.aKa. BHO je rocnO,lJ.ap HeKOAHKO nOMopCKHX rpMOBa BeAHKOra yrAe,lJ.a 360r IIOMopCKe TproBHHe H IIpoMeTa, O,lJ.HOCHO JYAHHa (l1BAHHa), BHHeTe, PeTpe, CTaprap,lJ.a HAH CTapHrpMa, BOAraCTa, KYU;HHa (fHCTHHa), KHCHHa, .lleMHHa H MaAXOBa (MeAKOBpa). Ml1CMB HAH M11311CMB H Ml1CTl1BOJ, 6pana H CHHOBH BHAAYHroBH, BAa,lJ.axy CAOBeHHMa BepAHMa, a 6ejaxy :>KeCTOKH HenpHjaTelbH H IIporOHHTelbH HMeHa xpHllinaHCKor. O,lJ. FhHX ,lJ.BojHu;e, MHCTHBOj Y3e 3a :>KeHY MaprapHTY, Knep u;apa XeHpHRa I. AYK)'na H C H..OM ,lJ.06H TpH CHHa. Y,lJ.a (Y,lJ.OHa), AHMpara H fHeja. Y CTapOCTH, 3aCAyroM CBOje :>KeHe, npHrpAH Bepy XpHCTOBY H O,lJ.e Ha IIoKajaH..e y Bap,lJ.OBHK. fOTIllMK OKO ro,lJ.HHe 1040. IIO,lJ.HrHY IIOCe,lJ. y pH6apcKoM HacelbY, TaMO r,lJ.e ce ,lJ.aHaC Y3,lJ.H:>Ke AH6eK, BeAHKH rpM Ha TaMolliFhoj 06aAH, a KOjH ce y IIPOlliAOCTH 3Ballie BYTe HAM BarpHeH. Tor KHe3a IIpeo6paTH Ha xpHllinaHcTBo MapKoH, 6HCK)'II 01\AeH6ypra. Y.110 (Y,lJ.OH), CHH MHCTHBoja, npBor xpHllinaHHHa y OHHM KpajeBHMa, H3MyqeH CTaAHHM paToBaFhHMa O,lJ. TeO,lJ.0pHKa BpaH,lJ.eH6yplliKor H O,lJ. HeKor BepHap,lJ.a, MapKH3a O,lJ. IllalliKe, HarryCTH xpHllinaHCK)' Bepy. CBeTH OpTOACP My BHllie HO je,lJ.HOM IIOCAa MHore CBeTe lby,lJ.e, He 6H AH ra O,lJ.BpaTHO O,lJ. paTa KOjH 6ejame nOTpajao 6e3 npeKH,lJ.a ,lJ.BaHaeCT rO,lJ.HHa, HO CBe 6H Y3aAY,lJ.. Y,lJ.OH He CaMO ,lJ.a He yqHHH KaKO ra y6eOHBame, Hero 'iaK HeKe O,lJ. OHHX CBeTHX lbY,lJ.H, KOjH ,lJ.OAa3Hllie H..eMY, CTaBH Ha MYKe, a Meoy FhHMa 6ellie H 6HCK)'n BpeMeHa, XaM6ypra H MeKAeH6ypra. AllPl1B110H ce nOBe,lJ.e 3a O'ieBHM npHMepoM y IIporoHHMa xpHllinaHa. fOTlliaAK, CHH Y,lJ.OHOB, BpaTHBlliH ce BepH XPHCTOBOj, He caMO ,lJ.a je CAe,lJ.HO BepHO yqeH..e xpHllinaHCKO, Hero H caM 'iecTO IIpOnOBe,lJ.allie H YTBpOHBallie Bepy KO,lJ. TaMOlliH..er HapO,lJ.a. 360r TOra ra FheroBH y6Hllie, AeTa focno,lJ.H..er 1060. Bejallie OCTaBHO H3a ce6e ,lJ.Ba CHHa, IIO HMeHY XeHpHK H Byrye. KOjH npolliHpHllie rpM AH6eK. Ho XeHpHKa nOTOM cBprHy C BAaCTH KPHTOH, Kpalb PyjaHau;a, a BJTyea y6Hllie HeBepHHU;H y OA3aU;HjH (fOAlliTHHH). 153 BWl.YHI! jaKo npowupu ceoje KpaJbeecmeo. Me7CJleH6YPl, cpeeJuwme eepJlCKUX KHeJlCeea. 63
- XEHPHK, CHH fOTIIIaAKOB H 5paT ByryeoB, HCTepaH H3 O"iHHCKOr KpaIbeBCTBa O,n: PyjaHL(a KpHTOHa, KOHa"iHO y5H HenpHjaTelha 3axBaIbyjyfiH CBOjOj :lKeHH CAOBeHKH. HMa,z:J.e C InOM TpH CHHa, KaHYTa, CaH,n:OnOAKa H CYBHHa, HO CBa TpojHL(a YMpellie 5e3 nOTOMaKa, Te ce C InHMa CKOH"ia pO,n: KHe:lKeBa CAOBeHa BepAa. KaHYTa, HaMMe, y5H InerOB 5paT CaH,n:onOAK, a Inera naK je,n:aH ,n:aHCKH nAeMHfi ro,n:HHe 1100. 3a BpeMe BAa,z:J.aBHHe XeHpHKa, PyjaHL(H ce H BepAH BpaTHIIIe He3Ha50IIITBY, ycnpKoc HanopHMa KHe3a InHXOBora, KOjH HX Ha CBe Moryfie Ha"iHHe HacTojaIIIe o,n:BpaTHTH o,n: TOra. KaHYT, CHH XeHpHKa, KpaIba .llaHcKe, 5y,n:yfiH ,n:a je YCaxAO KOAeHO KHe:lKeBa BepAaCKHX, npHMH nOTBp,n:y BAaCTH Ha,n: BepAHMa H MeKAeH5yproM o,n: L(apa i\oTapa, KOjH y IllAecBBHry ,n:p:lKallie y 3apo5lheHHIIITBY npaBe H 3aKOHHTe HaCAe,n:HHKe, nOTOMKe KHe3a Y,n:oHa, a 5ejaxy TO HHKAeTa, Kojer ,n:pyrH 30BY HHKAeT H ilPH5HCAaB. Bellie TO OTnpHAHKe lheTa focno,n:Inera 1130. ilPHBHCMB, nylliTeH Ha CAo5o,n:y, 3arocno,n:apH KpaIbeBCTBOM CBOjHX npe,n:a, Ka,z:J. ce IneroBH no,n:aHHL(H BpaTHIIIe nOHOBHO He3Ha50IIITBY. Y3aAY,n: ce caCKH BojBo,n:a XeHpHK i\aB nOMY"1H, He 5H AH HX CKAOHHO o,n: Tora CTaAHHM paTOBaIneM, Kao H 5HCKYn BaM5epra OTOH, KOjH o,n:e Meoy InHX nponOBe,n:aTH, a OHH ra CTaBHIIIe Ha MYKe. ilPHBHCMB H BPATHCMB, CHHOBH HHKAeTHHH C Heo64 rpaHH"ieHOM BAaIIIfiy Ha,z:J. BepAHMa. HaKOH MHorHX H CTaAHHX oKpIIIaja C BOjBO,n:OM caCKHM XeHpHKOM i\aBoM 5exy nOpa:lKeHH. Taj BojBo,n:a npH3Ba BepAe HaTpar BepH XPHCTOBOj, a BpaTHCAaBa OCy,n:H ,n:a 5y,n:e pacneT Ha KPCry, jep o,n:5Hjallie npHXBaTHTH xpHIIIfiaHCTBO, AeTa focno,n:Inera 1170. ilpH5HcAaBa naK nOBe,n:e ca C050M y ACPPHKY xo ,n:O"iaCTHTH Ha rpo5 focno,n:a Halliera. BpaTHBIIIH ce 1179, ro,n:HHe. ilpH5HcAaB H3ry5H :lKHBOT y I\HHe5ypry ToeKOM BHTelliKor rypHHpa, Ka,z:J. KOIn na,n:e no,n: InHM. CaxpaHHIIIe ra y .lly5HHY y3 oBaj HaTnHC: ilPH5HCAaB BO:lKjOM MHAOIIIfiy KpaIb BepAa, Barpa, UHpL(HnaHa, iloAancKHx CAoBeHa, 05o,n:pHAa, KHcHHapa H BaH,n:aAa. ?!1C.t'I<lI~f8'JB1Glld'tu IlClaJ:UI~ lUJ~" ItVAGRI07i""",QlllC~Jf"'t!M. ?Ot~ltJlil,tl'1Jll.QMlttltPlil,..:Krt$l-< HD1(lJt!M .11.17 ItANOAtORPMAB&., To cy, ,n:aKAe, KHe:lKeBH IIITO y npolliAHM BpeMeHHMa BAa ,n:axy CAoBeHHMa BepAHMa y nOKpajHHH 3BaHoj BepAHja, a ,n:aHac je TO BOjBO,n:CTBO HAH KHe:lKeBHHa MeKAeH5ypr. Y Toj KHe:lKeBHHH 5eIIIe y npOlliAOCTH HeKOAHKO rpa,n:OBa CAaBHHX no TprOBHHH ca ceBepHHM KpajeBHMa: BHHaBa, HBAHH H BepAHja, npo3BaHa TaKO no Hapo,n:y BepAecKoM. Ce5acTHjaH MHHcTep y 3. KInH3H KocMorpacpHje, roBopefiH 0 Hapo,n:y THX KpajeBa, OBaKO nHIIIe: ilPBH ce TaMOlliInH CTaHOBHHL(H 3Baxy XepYAH H 050,n:PHTH, a 3aje,n:HH"iKHM HMeHOM BaH,n:aAH . .llo,n:aje 3aTHM H Ka:lKe: Hapo,n: 5ejaIIIe CAO50,n:aH H xpa5ap, HHKa,z:J. nOJl:"1HJ:beH PHMlhaHHMa, a CBHKHyT paTOBaH>y. Meoy fOTHMa 5eIIIe TO oHaj ITYK KOjH Haj "iellifie Y3HeMHpaBallie paTHHM noxo,n:HMa PHM, HTaAHjy, <ppaHUYCKY, IllnaHHjy, ACPPHKY, EBPOny H A3Hjy. KapAO BeAHKH, 50pefiH ce ca CaCHMa, He ,n:HPHY y XepYAe. To je OHO IIITO nHIIIe MYHCTep. I\EYBYCH ,n:a,z:J.OIIIe HMe rpa,n:y l\ey5y3HjH, n03HaTOM no 5HCKYnHjH. BHI\HHH H Cry,n:epaHH (npeMa MHIIIlheInY HeKHX HOBHjHX aYTopa) HaCTaInaBaxy KpajeBe KO,n: BepAHHa H BpaH,n:eH5ypra. CTY.llEPAHE H BpH3aHe (BpH:lKaHe) XeAMOAJl: CMelliTa Ha no,n:pyqje XaBeA5epra. fPa,z:J.OBH BpHL(eH H BPHL( ,n:o ,n:aHac cy 3a,z:J.P:lKaAH HMe 5pH3aHcKo . .llpyrH CAOBeHCKH Hapo,n:H, TO jeCT ilpe,n:eL(eHTH, Copa5H, TeTMa3H, OA3aL(H, CTepMapH H Hop,n:aA5HHrH, HaCTaInBaxy o5aAe BeHe,n:cKor Mopa H 5ejaxy CTpax H TpeneT He caMO cyce,n:HMa Hero H Hajy,n:aIbeHHjHM Hapo,n:HMa. HaMyqHIIIe y OPY:lKaHHM nOXOJl:HMa KpalheBCTBO .llaHaL(a, C KojHMa ce (Ka:lKe XeAMOAJl:) XBaTaxy y KOIIITaL( H3 3a5aBe, a HHKa,z:J.a (npeMa H3BeIIITajHMa CaKca fpaMMaTHKYCa H ileTpa CycpPHJl:Hja y 2. KI:bH3H) He YOOllie y 50p5y C .llaHL(HMa 3a XepcoHec, Befi 5ejaxy yaeK y 3aBa,z:J.H H paTOBaxy 3a KPYHY H 3a KpaIbeBCTBo. OnyCTOIIIHIIIe HCTO TaKO H CacKY, THpHHrHjy. <ppaHUYCKY H fepMaHHjy. HaCPHYllie TaKoOe Ha AKBHTaHHjy, BpHTaHHjy, YM5pHjy, CaAaH,n:Hjy H XOAaH,n:Hjy. JoxaH ABeHTHHYc nHIIIe y 3. KInH3H ,n:a CAoBeHli nO"iellie ja"iaTH y YHYTpalliInOCTH fepMaHHje ro,n:HHe 480. H He npeCTajaxy BpAO OKPYTHO noCTynaTH ca cyce,n:HMa. AAapHK, Ta,z:J.aIIIInH KpaIb CBeBa, He Morallie TO BHIIIe TpnjeTH, Te ca CBHM CBOjHM BaBapL(HMa o,n:e Ha 3ana,n:, HanyCTHBIIIH IllAecKY, I\Y:lKHUY H o5AH:lKH>e KpajeBe Ha HCTOKY H ceBepoHCToKY, Te ce nOTOM y,n:aIbH npeMa KpajeBHMa OKO .llyHaBa, PajHe, UpHe PeKe H MajHe. CAOBeHCKH KPaIbeBH qex H i\ex 3aY3e-llie nOTOM KpajeBe HanyIIITeHe o,n: CBeBa H BaBapaL(a, a ,n:p:lKe HX Y CBOM noce,n:y H ,n:aHac. YlliaBIIIH 3aTHM y CacKY, CHAHO je YHHIIITHIIIe, Te 3arocno,n:apHBIIIH HeKHMa o,n: TaMOIIIInHX MeCTa, jOlli yaHjeK :lKHBe TaMO, KaKO nHIIIe Bearyc PeHaHYc y 1. KInH3H 0 fepMaHHjH. MOHax AHMOH y 4. KInH3H, norAaBlhY 23, Ka:lKe ,n:a CAoBeHH npeoollie y THpHHrHjy H ,n:a HaCTaInaBaxy MepoBec5ypr, rpa,n:efiH 5pojHa Hacelha H 155 65 BwtYHZjarw npoULupu caoje KpCl.JbeaCmao. MeKlteH6yp2, cpeauULme aepJ1C1CUX KHe:JICeaa. C7!oaeHU pamoaaxy c KpaJbe.M ,aaHcKe U33a6aae. CJlOaeHU xapajy CaCKO.M, TuPUHZUjO.M, tPpaHlJ,ycKO.M U rep.MaHujO.M. Hanaoajy AKaumaHujy, BpumaHujy, Y.M6pujy, CQJlaHaujy u XOJlaHaujy. C7!oaeHu no4.wt.y ja4.Qmu y yHympaULI-bocmu rep.MaHuje. Omepajy caeaCKOIC KpCl.Jba AnapuKQ U 3ay3.My IJln.ecICy, AyJICUlJ,y U o6.1lUJ1Cl-be Kpajeae. YHuULmaaajy COCKY· CJlOaeHU Hacmal-baaajy TupUHZUjy.. 66 154
........ H3BaH rpa,na, TO jecT y IIIYMH 3BaHoj XHpc6pYAHC. 3aTHM TyHex.zI,OP<!>, Tyre6paxTeIIITeT, HeByxeHpOT, XOX,nOP<!>, Te 06u4.aj Ha MHOrHM ,npyrHM MeCTHMa. 06H:tIaj HM 6eIIIe (KaKO y CJWeeHa U3 TupuH2Uje npu EnHCTOAM eHrAeCKOM npHHUY E.nyap.ny nHIIIe BHH<!>pe,n caxpaHu EHrAe3, KacHHje Ha3BaH BOHH<!>an;Hje H nOCTaBlbeH 3a Ha,nnOx:ojHWW. 6HCK)'I1a y MajHUY) ,na ce no MpKeBlbeBoj CMpTH }KeHa 6aCaclCU eojeooa n;H Ha AOMaqy Ha KOjOj je TeAO Ibe3HHor MY:>Ka H3ropeAo. nox:ywaea fo,nHHe 590. caCKH BojBo,na nOKYIIIa CBHM CHaraMa o.nyooynpemu ce npeTH ce CAaoBeHHMa, Te oKYnH BOjCKY o,n ne,neceT TpH CJweeHUMa. XHlba,ne 6opan;a. YXBaTHBIIIH ce y KOIIITan; C HenpHjaTe Cyx:06u ce ca H:>UMa U oyoe lbeM, KO,n rpa,na i\yxTe y CacKoj, npeTne nopa3 (npeMa nOpa.:?ICeH. H3BeIIITajHMa KapAa H3 BarpHeHa y 3. KIbH3H). Ta CAOBeHCKa n06e,na yAM TaKaB CTpax CBHM CacHMa, ,na IbHXOB BOjBo,na 6H npHcHlbeH 06paTHTH ce Kpan,y)laHcKe, 3aKAHIbyhH ra 3a nOMoh y THM 3AOK06HHM BpeMeHHMa, Kao H ,na y,nPY:>KH cBoje CHare ca CacHMa. Ycne My C AaKohoM TO noCTHhH, 6y.nyhH ,na ,naHCKH KPan, 6eIIIe y CTPaxy ,na 6H CAOBeHH HaKOH no6e,ne Ha,n CaCHMa MorAH oKpeHyTH BOjCKY H Ha Ibera. DopeljaIIIe CTora cBoje lby,ne, KOjHX (npeMa KapAY H3 BarpHeHa) 6eIIIe OKO ocaM,neceT ce,naM XHlba,na 6opan;a. YXBaTHIIIe ce y KOIIITan; C HenpHjaTelbeM y OKOAHHH i\ayCacu U ,ilaHllu 6 6" . npempne neHa, Te 3aMeTHYIIIe xpa ap H KpBaB OJ, KOjH nOTpaJa o,n nopa300 jyTpa na CBe,no ,nBa,neceT H ,npyror caTa y,naRY. Do6e,na ce C.JtoeeHa.. Ha Kpajy npHKAOHH CAoBeHHMa, KojHMa Ta,na 3anOBe,naIIIe 3eje3dodpaz BojcKoBolja 3Bje3,no,npar. )laHcKH KPan, H3ry6H Y TOj 6Hn;H C.JtO€leHCICU • €Ioj€looa. }KHBOT, a BOjBo,na o,n CacKe, HaIIIaBIIIH ce y HeBOlbH, 6an;H ,ilaHclCU x:pa.Jb C KOIbeM y peKY H TaKO cnaCH. CAoBeHH ce nOTOM OKpenozuHe y oojy HYIIIe npoTHB <PpaHaKa, Te xapajyhH IbHXOBHM Kpan,eB00 C.JtoeeHCKe CTBOM nOKa3aIIIe CBY CBOjy OKPYTHOCT. Ta,naIIIIbH <!>paHaqC.Jt:::~ ce KH KPan, XHAAe6epT nOCAa A.nyA<!>a, je,nHora o,n Haj60lbfIX ox:pehy npo- CBOjHX BojcKoBolja, ,na ce cynpoTCTaBH BeAOCAaBY (jep TamU€I CPpaHax:a. KO ce 3BaIIIe KHe3 cAoBeHcKH) KOjH ce, 3aTeKaBIIIH ce y. B€.JtoC.Jtae X:He3 HenpHjaTelbcKoj 3eMlbH H YBH,neBIIIH KaKO MaAO HMa CAOC.JtoeeHCICU. to;. 6' rl-. BeHa y nopelJeIbY C pOjHHM '"t'paHaqKHM CHaraMa, nOKOB€.JtOC.Jtae.Jbe€la Ae6a y CBOM HayMy. Ona3HBIIIH TO, A.nyA<!> My npenpeqH oeceoa nyT H 3aTBOpH CBe npOAa3e. BeAOCAaB ce Ha TO nOByqe ca €IojHUlJUMa. cBojHMa y nO,AHO}Kje je,nHor 6p,na, Te ce OBaKBOM 6ece,nOM 06paTH CBOjHM lby,nHMa: BH,nHTe, 60pn;H H ,npyrOBH MOjH C.JtoeeHUMa BepHH,,na Hac je HenpHjaTelb TaKO onKOAHO ,na ce He MOkuje oonyw- }KeMO ,npYK'llHje Hero cHaroM CBOjHX PYKY cnaCHTH. D06ehH mel-w oex:cmeo ce He MO}Ke; na CBe H Ka,n 6H ce MorAo, 3aKOHH HaM npe,nay pamy. 67 Ka HaIIIHX He ,nonYIIITajy TO. By.nyhH, ,naKAe, ,na cnac H CBY Ha.ny CBOjy nOAa:>KeMO y CHary PYKY HaIIIHX, KpeHHMO ,naKAe ,npare BOlbe y 6op6y 3a cnac H qaCT ce6e caMfIX. He Tpe6a Hac ynAaIIIHTH 6pOjHOCT HenpHjaTelba, Ka,n 3HaMO ,na CMO BHIIIe HO je,nHOM Ha,rgaqaAH HajcHAHHje cacKe, ,naHcKe H <!>paHaqKe BojcKe. AKO HaM je ca,na y 6op6H C <ppaHn;HMa norHHyTH, norHHHMO CAaBHO, ,na ce HenpHjaTelb HMa 156 MaAO qeMY pa,nOBaTH, a ,na CHHOBHMa H nOTOMn;HMa CBOjHM, IIITa BHIIIe qHTaBOMe CBeTy, npY:>KHMO pe,naK npHMep CHare H CpqaHOCTH. l-i3roBopHBIIIH TO, Hape,nH ,na ce CBH nOCTpoje y 60p6eHe pe,nOBe. A.nyA<!>, naK, He nOqeKa .nyro, Hero O,nMax ,na,ne 3HaK 3a nOqeTaK 6HTKe, y KOjy ce <ppaHn;H, nOy3,najyhH ce y CBOjy 6POjHOCT, pa,no ynyCTHIIIe. CAOBeHH HM, HaCTojerm HCKOPHCTHTH CBOj nOAO}Kaj, C je,AHaKOM xpa6poIIIhy o,nOAeBaxy; IIITa BHIIIe, roTOBO 6e3 Ha,ne y cnac, je,naH ,npyrora nOTHn;axy Ha OCBeTY. Ha Kpajy ce TaKO pa3japHIIIe y CBOM 6ecy, ,na ce <ppaHn;H nOqeIIIe noBAaqHTH H rHHYTH je,naH 3a ,npyrHM. BH,neBIIIH IIITa ce ,noralja, A.nyA<!> ce nOKaja IIITO ce yonIIITe ynYCTHo Y 6HTKY, HO HH 3a KajaIbe My He OCTa MHoro BpeMeHa, jep na,ne H OH C BeAMKHM ,neAOM cBoje BojcKe. DorHHYIIIe TaKolje H MHorH CAOBeHH, a BojcKoBolja IbHXOB BeAOCAaB 6H CMPTHO paIbeH Te He.nyro 3aTHM Ha nOBpaTKY KYhH HanYCTH oBaj CBeT. )lepBaH, KHe3 CAOBeHcKH H 6paT BOAeCAaBlbeB, y }KelbH ,na OCBeTH 6paTOBY CMpT, KpeHy Ha Kpan,a )laro6epTa, KOjH je HaCAe,nHO XHAAe6epTa Ha <!>paHaqKOM npeCTOAY; nOTYKaBIIIH ce C )lar06epTOM H C IberoBoM 6HPaHOM BOjCKOM <ppaHaKa H AYCTpHjaHan;a, nOTyqe HX ,no HOry. YIIIaBIIIH nOTOM y THpHHrHjy H y KpajeBe y3 <!>paHaqKe rpaHHn;e (KaKO nHIIIe MOHax AHMOH y 4. KIbH3H, norAaBlbY 23), HaHece BeAHKe IIITeTe H o,nHece ca C060M HeH3MepaH nAeH. CAOBeHH Copa6H, OCOKOlbeHH TOM n06e,nOM, yna,noIIIe TaKolje y HenpHjaTelbcKoM noxo.ny y THpHHrHjy H CacKY, Te onn,aqKaBIIIH Te ,nBe 3eMlbe, Ha Kpajy CBe yHHIIITHIIIe H CnaAHIIIe. TH Copa6H npHna,najy OHHMa Koje i\aoHHK XaAKOKOH,nHA CMeIIITa y ,npeBHy nOKpajHHY TPH6aAa y ceBepHoj Me3HjH. DpeMa TOMe, ,nOIIIaBIIIH ca ceBepa, 3aY3eIIIe BeAHK ,neo )laAMan;Hje (KaKO H3BeIIITaBa AHMOH y 4. KIbH3H, norAaBlbY 3a BpeMe BAa,naBHHe n;apa KOHCTaHTHHa, ,naKAe y IV. BeKY, HaCTaIbaBaxy ,nOIby DaHoHHjy, r,ne ce no6YHHIIIe npoTHB n;apa. Ho OH HM ce (KaKO Ka:>Ke ABeHTHHYc y 2. KIbH3H) o6paTH 6ece,noM c nponoBe,naoHHn;e, Te HX npHBOAM Ha MHp H Ha Kpajy fIX YMHpH. )lpeBHo npe6HBaAHIIITe Copa6a (npeMa DAHHHjy) 6eaIIIe Kpaj OKO MOqBape MeOTH,n. Je,naH IbHXOB ,neo ce 3anyTH OTy,n y cMepy ,llyHaBa H roPIbe Me3Hje, ,nOK ,npyrH ,neo KpeHY Ha nyT npeKo HenperAe,nHHX npoCTpaHcTaBa CapMaTHje, TO jeCT DOlbcKe, ,na 6H Ha KOHUY npo,npAH y repMaHcKe 3eMlbe He,naAeKO o,n DOlbCKe, Koje ce ,naHac 30BY i\Y:>KHn;a. PacnpIIIHBIIIH ce no OKOAHHM KpajeBHMa, 3ayCTaBHIIIe ce H3Meljy peKa CaAe H i\a6e. CTora JaH )ly6paBcKH c pa3AoroM CMeIIITa TaMO CHp6e, no KojHMa cy Ha3BaHH rpa,nOBH Cep6eK H Cep6eCT. HeKa Hac He 3a6pHIbaBa IIITO je CAOBO 0 3aMeIbeHO CAOBHMa 11 H E, jep TO ce y,nOTHqHOM HMeHY HAM peqH (KaKO CMO ona3HAM) qeCTO ,noralja. AYCTPHjCKH AeTonHC TOMe 157 AHOYJUj:l, eojcx:o€lo/Ja lCpa.Jba XU.Jtoeoepma, cyx:oou ce ca C.Jto€leHUMa. [JoZUHe ca MHOlO C€lojux Jbydu. YMUpe Be.JtOC.Jta€l HaC.Jte/Jyje za opam H:>eZO€l ,ilep€laH.. C.JtoeeHu nomyx:y cJ:!paHa4.X:oz x:pa.Jba ,ilazoOepma. Y.Jta3e y TupuH2Ujy U HaHoce €Ie .Jtux:y wmemy. C.JtoeeHu Copa6u nycmowe TuPUHzujy U Cacx:y. Kpajeeu n.p€loOUmHO HaCmaH:>eHU CopaoUMa. 3ay3.My €Ie.JtulCU oeo ,ilaJI.MalJuje. 68 ,ilpaeHo npeOU€la.Jtuwme Copaoa. Kpaje€lu x:oje 3aY3UMajy Copaou. Cepoex: u Cep6ecm, zpaooeu Copaoa.
Copa6u, Cup6u, CupeujaHI&U U Cp6ujaHI&u jeaaH cy me ucmu Hapoa. 3e.MJbe Cp6ujaHal&a y H.!!upuju. 'npu3peH, 3aeutUlj I&apa . JycmuHujaHa. E6eH,ll.Opcpa Ha3MBa HX CMpBMjaHll.MMa, a Y TOM AeTonMCY E6eH,ll.0PCP Ka:>Ke: CBojeBpeMeHO lf3a6eAa, KhM pMMCKor ll.apa <PpM,ll.pMXa AYCTpMjcKor, 6eIlle Y,ll.aTa 3a 'IeIllKOr Kpalba JaHa i\YKceM6yprOBll.a, KOjM je OCTaBM no,ll. 06pa3AOJKelbeM ,ll.a je HeMohaH. Ka..a. je nOTOM 3aTpa:>KMIlle ,ll.a Y3Me 3a MYJKa Kpalba CMpBMje, OHa TO O,ll.6M, jep ,ll.a joj ce He CBMoa IllTO je paCKOAHMK KOjM je npMrpAMO rp'IKH o6pe,ll.. Y HCTOpMjM CaCKe 30BY ce Copa6MMa, IllTO je KO,ll. i\aoHMKa MCKpMBlbeHO Y Copa6pM. Y cnMCMMa UapMrpa..a.CKor ca60pa Ha3MBajy ce CMPCPMMa, IllTO je MMe KOjMM HX ,ll.aH-,ll.aHaC Ha3MBajy cyce,ll.HM KopYIllaHM, Kpalbll.M, IIlTajepll.M M YrpM, ,ll.OK OHM caMM ce6e 30BY Cap6lbM MAM Cep6lbM. H>HXOBe ce 3eMlbe y HAMPMjM npoCTMpy O,ll. CMe,ll.epeBa, rpa..a.a Ha .llyHaBY, CBe ,ll.O HMIlla, r,ll.e nO'IMlbe ByrapCKa. Hajno3HaTMja cy MeCTa y Cp6MjM npeCTOHMll.a CTOHM BMOrpa..a. [Beorpa..a.], 3aTMM npM3peH, PO,ll.HM rpa..a. ll.apa JYCTMHMjaHa, na HeocBojMBa TBpoaBa HOBaropa M UpHaropa (HoBO Bp,ll.o), r,ll.e ce HaAa3e npe60raTM TyPCKH PY,ll.HMll.M 3AaTa M cpe6pa. llaKAe, C TMM i\YJKM'IKMM Copa6MMa ll.ap KapAo BeAMKH 6eKap.!!oBe.JtUlCU Ille roTOBO HenpeCTaHO y paTy, Te M OH AM'IHO KpeHy MHOro 6ejaUle tiecma nyTa y 6op6eHe nOXO,ll.e Ha lbMX. HaMMe, npBM nyT, He 6M 6::'~~. AM MX nOKopMO, nOCAa OH (KaKO nMIlle [KapAo] BarpMeHCKM y 2. KlbM3M) CHa}!{HY BOjCKY no,ll. 3anOBe,ll.HMIllTBOM Haj60lbHX CBOjMX BojcKoBooa, HO He ycne y CBOM HayMy, jep C.!106eHU no- Copa6M M3aQOIlle M3 3eMlbe M KpeHyrne ycycpeT HenpMja mylCy KapJlOey .. 6 eojclCy. TelbCKOJ BOJCll.M, xpa pO HacpHYSIllM ~~ lbMX, Te ce 3aMeTHY JKeCTOKa M OKpyTHa 6MTKa, y KOJOJ na..a.e MHOro TIAenOZl-my CJlO- ..:h eeHCICU ICHe3 MeHMTMX M CAaBHMX ,¥paHa'IKMX MYJKeBa. norMHY TaMO M fby6uapaz. KHe3 CAOBeHa Copa6a i\y6M,ll.par, O,ll.HOCHO lby6M,ll.par, C 69 MHOIllTBOM CBOjHX lbY,ll.M. Ka:>Ke BarpMeHCKM ,ll.a 3a cppaHa'IKO KpalbeBCTBO TO 6eIlle Hajnory6HMja 6MTKa, nOIllTO y Tpuaecem aee . ry6 XUJbaae t:Ppa- lbOJ M3 M JKMBOT TpM,ll.eCeT ,ll.Be XMlba..a.e <ppaHaKa M OKO HalCa nozu6e 'IeTpHaeCT XM1ba,ll.a CAOBeHa. BecHMjM HO MKa..a., CBM ce y 6ul&u ca CAOBeHM (KaKO nMIlle JOXaH ABeHTMHYC y 4. KlbM3M) yjeC.!!oeeHUMa. ,ll.MHMIlle npOTMB <ppaHaKa, na YIllaBIllM y 3eMlbe 060,ll.PMYUlaeUlU y . 6 eojeoacmeo Ta, ,ll.aHaC BOJBO,ll.CTBO MeKAeH ypr, My CaCKY, nOXapaIlle M MelC.!!eH6ypz U CnaAHIlle CBe npe,ll. C060M. To HarHa KapAa [BeAMKorj ,ll.a Y Cac/cy, C.!!o- nOHOBHO OKYnM BOjCKY, MHoro Behy O,ll. npeTXO,ll.He, Te eeHU na.!!e cee npe,ll.aBIllM 3anOBe,ll.HMIllTBO CBOM BOjCKOBOOM i\MyTnpaH,ll.Y, npea C06OM. 6 Kap.!!o ce yna..a.He y 3eMlbY Copa a. Ho i\MYTnpaH,ll. He Y3Hanpe,ll.OBa noH080 OuZHe MHoro y CBOM noxo,ll.Y, Ka,ll. 6M npMCMlbeH BpaTMTM ce Ha opYJKje npo- HaTpar. HaMMe, yXO,ll.e My ,ll.ojaBMIlle ,ll.a My HenpMjaTelbM mue C.!!oeeHa. yje,ll.MlbeHM ca CAOBeHMMa BHAll.MMa ,ll.OAa3e YCYCpeT C BeC.!!oeeHu AMKOM BOjCKOM, Te ce OH 3aYCTaBM M He XTe,ll.e KpeHyTM nOHoeo ,ll.albe. Ha TO CAOBeHM onKOAMIlle <ppaHKe ca CBMX CTpaHa M nomylCy Kap- y Hana..a.y KO,ll. peKe i\a6e M3BpIllMIlle CTpaIllaH nOKOlb, ,ll.a .!!oey eojclCy. 6M 3aTMM ynaAH y CacKY M TMpMHrMjy M TaMO YHMIllTHAM M CnaAHAM HeKOAMKO MeCTa. npMMMBIllM rAaCe 0 TOMe, KapAo 158 .,... n03Ba K ce6M TpOjMll.Y CBOjMX BojcKoBooa, A,ll.eArM3a nOCTelbHMKa, reHAOHa M Bopa..a.a ,ll.BopjaHMHa. Hape,ll.M MM ,ll.a oKYne MCTO'IHe <ppaHKe M Cace M ,ll.a IllTO npe KpeHY Ha CAoBeHe Copa6e. ,llOK OHM M3BpIllaBaxy ll.apeBe HaAOre, npMMMIlle BeCT (KaKO nMIlle AMMOH y 4. KlbM3M, norAaBlbY 74) ,ll.a ce CacM 6ejaxy n06YHHAH M YCTaAM Ha OPYJKje npoTMB KapAoBMx lbY,ll.M. To npMcMAM <ppaHKe ,ll.a o,ll.YCTaHY O,ll. nOXO,ll.a npOTMB CAoBeHa, a OBM ce JOIll BMIlle OCOKOAMIlle M Beh CA060,ll.HO xapaxy ll.apeBMM 3eMlbaMa. Uap, YBM,ll.eBIllM ,ll.a My y TaKBMM npMAMKaMa HeMa ,ll.pyre HO YXBaTMTM ce Y KOIllTall. C lbMMa, M TO AM'IHO, YMeCTO ,ll.a Illalbe Ha lbMX cBoje BojcKoBooe, Hape,ll.M ,ll.a ce y 'IMTaBOM ll.apCTBY oKYne HOBM lbY,ll.M, He 6M AM KOHa'IHO nOKopMAM CAOBeHe. ,ll03HaBIllM 3a TO, CAOBeHM ce yje,ll.MHMIlle KaKO 6M MM ce O..a.ynpAM. MOHax AMMOH, npMnOBe,ll.ajyhM 0 TOM ll.apeBOM paTy ca CAOBeHMMa, y 4. KlbM3M, norAaBlbY 81, Ka:>Ke: Y repMaHMjM JKMBM je,ll.aH paT060pHM CAOBeHCKM HaPO,ll., HaCTalbeH Ha 06aAaMa OKeaHa, KOjM ce Ha BAaCTHTOM je3MKY Ha3MBa BeAeTa6M, a Ha cppaHa'IKOM BMAUM HAM BYAUM. Hapo,ll. Taj 6ejaIlle <ppaHll.MMa Be'IHM HenpMjaTelb, Te HMKaKO He npecTajaIlle y opYJKaHMM nOXO,ll.MMa MyqMTM cBoje cyce,ll.e nO,ll.AOJKHe cppaHa'IKOM KpalbeBCTBY MAM y caBe3Y C lbMM. He MoraBIllM BMIlle TpneTM lbMXOBY 6e30'IHOCT, KapAo BeAMKM oKYnM BOjCKY M AM'IHO KpeHy Ha lbMX. Hape,ll.M ,ll.a ce carpa,ll.e ,ll.Ba MOCTa Ha pell.M i\a6M M TaKO npeoe y 3eMlbY HenpMjaTelbCKY. CAoBeHM Ha TO, KaKO ce He 6M M3AOJKMAM norM6elbM, CKAOnMIlle C ll.apeM MMp. OB,ll.e BarpMeHCKM ,ll.O,ll.aje ,ll.a KapAo ,ll.pJKaIlle MHoro ,ll.0 TOr MMpa, ,ll.a CAOBeHCKOM KHe3Y ,llparOBM,ll.Y npe,ll.a MHOIllTBO KpalbeBCKMX ,ll.apOBa. ,llpyrM ,ll.eo CAOBeHa, npM 'IeMY MMCAMM Ha Copa6e, yna,ll.He y KapAoBo ll.apCTBO (KaKO npMnOBe,ll.a BarpMeHCKH), Te 6e3 MMaAO nOIllTOBalba JKapMIlle M naAMIlle lberoBHM 3eMlbaMa. Uap nOCAa Ha lbMX M3 AxeHa CMHa KapAa C BOjCKOM. UapeB CMH ce CYK06M C HenpMjaTelbMMa M O,ll.HeCe n06e,ll.Y, a (KaKO nMIlle AMMOH y 4. KlbM3M, norAaBlbY 92) MMAe,ll.OX (MMAO..a.yx), BAa..a.ap Copa6a, na..a.e y 60jy. Ho ycnpKoc CBeMY TOMe, HMKa..a. He 6M Moryhe 06Y3 ,ll.aTM CAOBeHe, Te OHM HaCTaBlbaxy nyCTOIllMTM cppaHa'IKHM KpalbeBCTBOM, ,ll.pJKehM ll.apa roTOBO CTaAHO no,ll. OPYJKjeM, IllTO ce BH,ll.M M M3 lberoBe 6MorpacpMje M3 nepa pe,ll.OBHMKa AjHxap,ll.a, KOjM Ka:>Ke ,ll.a ce ll.ap AM'IHO ..a.yro 60 pMO C BeAeTa6MMa, Haj60lbMM CAOBeHMMa. nOTBpoyje TO M onaT PerMHOH y 2. KlbM3M, Te TaKooep neTap CyCPPM,ll.M (MajceHCKM) Ka,ll.a Ka}!{e: CAoBeHM ce 'IeCTO xBaTaxy y KOIllTall. C KapAoM BeAMKMM, KOjM ce rp,ll.HO HaMyqM He 6M AM HeKe O,ll. lbMX nOKopMO, a Ka,ll. KOHa'IHO CKAOnMIlle MMp C ll.apeM, OKpeHYIlle ce, no CBOM ,ll.peBHOM 06M'Iajy, npOTMB ,llaHCKe. HaMMe, y 3. KlbM3M 0 BeHe,ll.MMa neTap 159 Pamo6opHU C.!!08eHU. .Be<iHU HenpujaameJbu UMeHa cjJpaHatilCoz. 70 Kap.!!o Be.JtulCU .!!U4.HO ICpeHe Ha C.!!oeeHe. ClC.!!ana .MUP ca IOUX08u.M ICHe30M ApazoeuaOM. C.!!oeeHU nOHoeo y'!!a3e ypamc Kap.!!OM. Apazoeuaoe HaC.!!e01iux MU.!!ooyx nOZUHe y 6ojy. C.!!oeeHU HenpecmaHo apJKe I&apa noa 0PYJKje.M. Kap.!!o Be.JtulCU cezpOHo Ha.MY4.U He 6u .!!u nolCOpuo C.!!08eHe.
. ....,........- KpY30ep XOAaHoaHliH millie Aa CAOBeHH He oejaxy HHKaAa MHpHH, a KaA He oejaxy Y paTY C repMaHCKHM uapeBHMa, Cx:.nonuewu OKpeTaxy oppKje Ha ,llaHue. CTora, CKAOrrHBIllH OKO MU6.!:~OM, roAHHe 804. MHp C KapAoM BeAHKHM, cryrrHllle Y paT C OKpell.y opyJICje AaHCKHM KPalbeM rOAHcppHAOM. YlllaBIllH ca CHruKHOM HajJaHlJe. BOjCKOM Y 3eMlbY CAOBeHa OOOAPHTa, rOAHcppHA 3aY3e HeKOAHKO TBpoaBa, HO ycrrpKoc TOMe, BpaTH ce H3 Tor APawKO KHe3 rrOXOAa (KaKO rrHllle AHMOH y 94. rrorAaBlbY 49. KFbHre) y3 CJWeeHCKU. BeAHKe ryoHTKe y lbYACTBy. HaHMe, rrpeMAa HaTepa y 6eKCTBO KHe3a ,llpaIIIKa, KOjH oejaille yTeKao ca CBor rrOAO>Kaja He rrOY3AajynH ce y rrOMon CBOjHX, H rrpeMAa rrOTOM YCMPTH H BOjBOAY rOAeAaHOa, tOAHCPPHA HrraK rrpH TOMe H3 ryOH Hajoolbe cBoje oopue H CHHOBua PerHHOAAa, opaTOBor CHHa, KOjH H3ryOH >KHBOT 3ajeAHo C MHorHM AH'IHHM ,llaHUliMa y HarraAY Ha jeAHY TBPoaBY. ,lla My y TOM paTy He oejaxy rrpHTeKAH y rrOMon CAOBeHH BHAUH, MO>KAa OH 'IaK H OH caM C 'IHTaBOM CBOjOM BOjCKOM HaIIIaO TaMO CMpT. 71 CaMO 3aTO IllTO BHAUH (KaKO Ka>Ke AHMOH), 300r ApeBHHX CBOjHX CBaoa C OOOAPHTHMa, rrpHTeKOllle cBojeBolbHo Aa OH ce 3APY>KHAH C AaHCKOM BOjCKOM, rOAHcppHA OAHece rrOOeAY. Ho HeAYro rrOTOM, ,llpaIllKo ce rrOMHpH C rOAHCPPHAOM, Te cKyrIH BOjCKY C KOjOM HacpHy Ha cBoje CAOBeHCKe cyceAe >KapenH H rraAenH CBe OKO ceoe. nOpeoaBlllH C!!ooeHu rrOHOBHO cBoje oopue H HeKOAHUHHY Caca, OCBOjH BeAHKH oceajajy zpao rpaA CMeAAHHr. nAOAHHM THM CBOjHM ycrrecHMa rrOCTHrHY C.MeJ7.0wU!. Aa CBH OHH KOjH ce oejaxy rrooYHHAH rrpoTHB Fbera rrOHOBHO CKAorre C FbHM CaBe3. HeAYro HaKOH Tora, 3aTeKaBIllH APawKo ce y TproBHIllTy PepHK, OH MyqKli YOHjeH OA H3AajHH'IKe Mytm:U y6ujeH. PYKe rOAHcppHAOBHX lbYAH. HaKOH FberoBe CMpTH OOOAC!!oeeHU pHTH HarraAOllle YTBPAY Xoxoyx Ha peUH J\aOH, y y KOjOj cpaeHe ca 3eM· TaAa rrpeOHBallle rrOKAHCap uapa KapAa H HCTO'IHHX Cacao .!bOM mepbaey KaA je KOHa'IHO H OCBOjHille, rroTrryHo je yHHlllTHIlle.· Y Xox6yx. rrpolllAocTH ce YXBaTHllle y KOlllTau H C AaHCKHM KpalbeM IJomYKY"'F - CHP.apAOM. 3aMeTHYBIllH ooj C FbHM, rro-ryKOllle ra KOA <t>H a .!bajJaHCKe u OHHJe. Ho OH ce, OKYITHBIllH rrOHOBHO BOJCKY, CYKOOH C Heoceoje JYlJujy. rrpHjaTelbHMa y rroKpajHHH JYUHjH, HO H TaMO OH rrOpa>KeH H HaTjepaH y OeKCTBO. 3arocrrOAapHBIllH JYUHjOM. CAOBeHH rrpoIllHpHllle cBoje uapCTBo. Y TOM paTy (KaKO H3BeIllTaBa AAoepT KpaHT3 y 1. KFbH3H, rrOrAaBlbY 13. ° BaHAaAHjH) 3apOOHllle JapMepHKa, CHHa CHpapAoBa, 3ajeAHo C ABe FberOBe ceCTpe; jeAHY OA FbHX rrpOAaAOllle HopBeIllKOM KPalbY, a APYry AaAOllle repMaHHMa C KojHMa HaKOH KapAOBe CMpTH CAOBeHH MHOro rryTa paTOBaxy. HaCAHeAHBIllH OKO roAHHe 818. roAHHe oua Ha rrpecToAY, J\YAOBHK noUapJ\.yooeuK OO>KHH ce, HaHMe, CYKOOH ca CAoBeHHMa, re (KaKO 'IHTaMO IJ060JICHU Y KapAa H3 BarpHeHa Y 6. KFbH3H) OH Y oojy rrOpa>KeH, a nOpaJICeH od C!!oeeHa .. MHOro FberOBHX H lbYAH rrorHbe. AHMOH, rrpH'IajynH 0 THM AoraoajHMa Y 5. KFbH3H, rrOrAaBlbY 11, Ka>Ke Aa CAoBeHH 160 HaKOH rrpeAaCKa peKe J\aoe xapaxy CaCKOM, Te Aa J\YAOBHK rroaCAa Ha FbHX AOBOlbaH opoj paTHHKa H HaTepa HX Aa 0AYCTaHY OA Tora. Ho OHH rrOTOM rOAHHe 839. YCTallle Ha oppKje rrpoTHB AOTH'IHOr uapa, KOjH 6H rrpHCHlbeH Aa ce HerrpeKHAHO ABe roAHHe AH'IHO 60PH rrpOTHB FbHX, Aa 6H KOHa'IHO Y TOM paTY rrpeTprrHO BeAHKe IllTere OA CAOBeHa. PaTOBaxy OHH TaKooep H C FberoBHM CHHOM J\YAOBHKOM, APyrHM uapeM Tor HMeHa. HaHMe rOAHHe 869. CAoBeHH, KOjH HacelbaBaxy KpajeBe HacyrrpoT CaCHMa, yrraAollle Y CacKY H HaHellle BeAHKe IllTere. YAPY >KHBIllH ce, AaKAe, ca CacHMa, J\YAOBHK AH'IHO KpeHY Ha FbHX, Te 3aMeTHYBIllH 60j OAHece TeK YCAOBHY rro6eAY, yToAHKO BHIlle IllTO oHTKa (Ka>Ke AHMOH Y 5. KFbH3H, rrorAaBlby 23) 6eIlle KpBaBa H C o6e CTpaHe rraAe BeAHKIi opoj 6opaua. CAOBeHH HrraK He OAYCTajaxy OA CTaAHHX HarraAa Ha FberOBO uapCTBO. Y CYKo6y C FbHMa 874. rOAHHe J\YAOBHKOB ce CHH KapAo 3aTeKHY y TaKBoj HeBOlbH Aa FberOBOM ony rropyqHIlle KaKO OH, He rrpHTeKHe AH IllTO rrpe y rrOMon CHHY, Morao H He BHAeTH ra BHIlle. J\YAOBHK AH'IHO KpeHy Ha rryT H, OCAo6oAHBIllH CHHa, rrOCAa rrOKAHcape CAOBeHHMa KojHMa BAaAaxy pa3HH KHe>KeBH, Te (Ka>Ke AHMOH y rreToj KFbH3H, rrOrAaBlbY 31) CKAorrH C FbHMa MHp KaKO Haj60lbe Moraille. CTpalllaH H AYr 6aIlle, MeOyTHM, J\YAOBHKOB paT C PaAHKOM HAH (KaKO ra 30Be orraT PerHHOH y 2. KFbH3H) PaCTHToM, KHe30M CAOBeHCKHM. He MoraBlllH ra HHKaKO APyra'IHje CaBAaAaTH, cTyrrH y TajHe rrperoBope C FberoBHM HenaKOM, He 6H AH ra ce AO'Ierrao. KaA 3axBalbyjynH H3AajH TO H OCTBapH, AaAe My HCKorraTH O'IH H 3aTBopHTH ra y MaHaCTHp. HaKOH Tor ycrrexa CHAHO ce ropAHO, Tpa >KenH Aa ra rrOIllTyjy jOlll BHIlle Hero paHHje. na HaKO My ycrre CBAaAaTH CAOBeHa PaAHKa, HrraK HHKaA He MOraAe Crrpe'IHTH CAOBeHCKa ITAeMeHa Aa xapajy FberOBHM KpalbeBCTBOM HaHOCenH BeAHKe IllTeTe. nHllle KapAo H3 BarpHeHa y 4. KFbH3H 0 BeHeAHMa Aa ce Taj uap H 6paT FberoB KapAMaH 'IeCTO cyKo6lbaBaxy ca CAoBeHHMa, a Aa MeOY CBHM FbHXOBHM oKpIllajHMa TpH 6ejaxy HajBena: oHaj KOA ropHHreHa y THpHHrHjH, ApyrH y POABHXY Y CacKoj, a TpenH H3Meoy peKa <t>YAAe H Be3ep. Y THM 6HTKaMa <t>paHUH H3ry6HIlle MHore cBoje BojcKoBooe H BHIlle OA rreAeceT XHlbaAa 6opaua, y3 3aHeMapHBe ry6HTKe rrpoTHBHHKa CBOjHX CAoBeHa. 3a BpeMe BAaAaBHHe Te ABOjHUe uapeBa (rrpeMa TBpAFbaMa HeKHX ayTOpa) Aeo CAoBeHa, OAHOCHO OHH IllTO HaCelbaBaxy 6aATH'IKe oOaAe, cKJi"rrHllle CHa>KHY CPAOTY H KpeHYllle y HarraA Ha EHrAeCKY, 3aAaBIllH CTpalllHe MyKe TaMOlllFbeM KpalbY Xepecrrepy. Ho Xepecrrep Ha Kpajy H3aoe H3 jeAHor oKplllaja Kao rr06eAHHK H 3apo6H Pa'Ia HAH (KaKo ra 30Be AAecaHAPo CKYATeTO) PaCTa, Kpalba CAoBeHa H OCAerrH ra. npeOCTaAH ce Pa'IOBH lbYAH TaAa BpaTHllle 161 jJee ZOOuHe ce .JI.WiHO 60pu npomue H:>UX u npempnu ee· .JI.UKe wmeme. 72 Illa.1be CJ!OeeHU.Ma nox:.nucape u mpeJICU MUp. jJyzo pamyje ca C!!oeeHOM PaOuKO.M. IJeoecem XLUbaoa qJpaHaKa nOZUHe 00 C.JI.OeeHCK e pyKe. Pa4.0 1qla.1b C!!ooeHa. 73
r CJlOBeHU Ha- OrrpeMHBIIIH rrOHOBHO cPAOTy, Harra,nOIIIe ¢HOHHjy, naoajy OCmpBO HajBaJKHHje OCTPBO y BaATHqKOM MOpy. HaHeCOIIIe TaMO <:PuOHUjy. TaKBe IIITeTe H H3BpIIIHIIIe TaKaB rrOKOlb TaMOIIITher CTaHOBHHIIITBa, ,na 6H OCTPBO, ,na ce TO jOIII je,nHOM ,nOrO,nHAO, OCTaAO rrOTrrYHO rryCTO, 6e3 H je,nHOr je,nHHOr CTaHOBHHKa, KaKO rrHIIIe CaKCO rpaMMaTHKYC y 14. KH:.H3H. MCTO TO rrHIIIe H BarpHeHCKH y 4. KThH3H, HO rAe,ne BpeMeHa 36HCJlc;:ee;:;:u~ BaTha He CAaJKe ce y rrOTrryHOCTH ca CaKCOM. CAOBeHH paHenpecmaHO TOBaxy 3aTHM H ,npJKaHY ,nyro rro,n OPYJKjeM H XeHpHKa nod oP!PKje.M. CaKCOHIJ.a, KOjH (rrpeMa TBp,nH:.aMa rIjepcPpaHqeCKa 'fiaM6yAaPHja) 6eIIIe rrpBH repMaHCKH BojBo,na C rrOTrrYHoM CJlooeHU 3apa me ca yapeBU- BAaIIIhy Ha,n 3eMlbOM. 3apaTHIIIe 3aTHM (KaKO rrpHqa 'fiHMa XeHpuK:OM I pOAaMO Bap,nH y 2. ,neAY) C IJ.apeM XeHpHKoM ro,nHHe 934, U OmOHOM I. a 957. CYK06HIIIe ce C IJ.apeM OTOHOM rIPBHM. Yrra,nOIIIe Ta,na y repMaHHjy (KaKO rrHIIIy BarpHeHCKH H XHMepHKYC nycmawe M . X ). TepMaHujy. yTHyC y CBOJHM pOHHKaMa, Te Je orrYCTOIIIHIIIe, HaHoceIJ.ap OmaH npe- hH BeAHKe IIITeTe. )Ky,nehH 3a OCBeTOM, OTOH CKYrrH o,nmpnu nopa3 00 AHqHY BOjCKY rreIIIaKa H KOH:.aHHKa, HO 3aMeTHYBIIIH 60j y CJ!ooeHa TyPHHry 6H rrOpaJKeH H je,nBa ce crraCH C HeKOAHIJ.HHOM CJlOBeHU CBOjHX. He,nyro HaKOH Tora, CAOBeHH Ha rr03HB MTaAHjaHa uoy y noMon YCTaIIIe Ha opyJKje rrpOTHB HCTora IJ.apa. Ka,n ra HacAHje,nH HmaJlujaHUMa OTOH II, paT060pHH ra Taj rrYK CAOBeHCKH HaTepa ,na ce npomue yapa. MaIIIH opYJKja H 3a,na My BeAHKe MYKe. Ho KOHaqHO, HaKOH Pamyjy c IIITO 6ejaxy 3apaTHAH C H:.HM, OTOH II. HX Y ,nBa oKpIIIaja OmOHaM II. (KaKo rrHIIIy BepHap,no 'fiYCTHHHaHH y rrpBoj H Ca6eAHKO y Oeajux Tpehoj KH:.H3H 3. ,neAa) TaKO rrpeMohHo rr06e,nH, ,na ce rroHaojat{a. BYKOIIIe CBOjHM KYhaMa. HaKOH IIITO 6ejaxy CKAorrHAM MHp CJ!oeeHU C IJ.apeM, rrpHTeKOIIIe My BHIIIe HO je,nHOM y rroMoh rrpOTHB naMCVKY yapy. HerrpHjaTelba H rr06YH:.eHHKa. TaKo H BHKHMaH, HaKOH ,nyCJlOeeHCK:U rorO,nHIIIThe rr06YHe rrpOTHB OTOHa, Hahe CMPT O,n PYKe K:He3 Mucax MHcaKa, KHe3a CAOBeHCKOr H rrpHjaTelba IJ.apeBa. MapHaH y6uje CKOT y 3. KH:.H3H rrpHrrOBe,na TO HCTO, aAH He CAaJKe ceo y BWCl.LMaHa. rrOTrrYHOCTH C BarpHeHCKHM, jep TBp,nH ,na ce TO 36HAO 3a CJ!ooeHu BpeMe BAa,naBHHe OTOHa I, KOMe cy CAOBeHH CAYJKHAH y pamyjy c paTOBHMa. Ho 3aTO 3a,naIIIe CHAHe MyKe OTOHY III, C KOjHM OmOHaM III. u paTOBaxy ro,nHHe 989. H 3aTHM 999. rIpe HO IIITO o,nHece y6ujy MH020 KOHaqHY rr06e,ny Ha,n H:.HMa, H3ry6H XHlba,ne H XHlba,ne CBOl-be20BUXJbYOu. jHX lby,nH Ha peIJ.H Aa6H. rIeTap Kpy36ep, roBopehH y 3. KH:.H3H 0 rrocle,nH:.eM oKpIIIajy OToHa III. ca CAoBeHHMa, rrHIIIe OBaKO: OTOH He MoraIIIe TprreTH (KaJKe OH) ,na CAOBeHH TOAHKO rryTa YCTaHY OPYJKjeM Ha H:.era H ,na HX OH He 74 ycrrHeBa caBAa,naTH. CTora 3aMeTHYBIIIH rrOHOBHO 60j, 3arrOqe 6HTKa KpBaBa H jOIII oIIITpHja H JKeIIIha o,n rrpBe. MaKO CAOBeHH rra,nOIIIe y BeAHKOM 6pojy, OTOH HrraK H3 ry6H rroHaj60lbe cBoje 60pIJ.e. 3aHCTa, HHKa,n HHKOMe He ycrre y rrOTrryHOCTH rrOKopHTH Taj Hapo,n, KaKO YOCTaAOM rrHIIIe H njepcPpaHqeCKO 'fiaM6YAapH y 3. KThH3H, Ka,na KaJKe: YIIIaBIIIH y CacKY H YCTaBIIIH rrpOTHB CAoBeHa, OTOH 162 HaMyqH, OrrlbaqKa H crraAH H:.HXOBY 3eMlby. Ho HH TO He 6ejaIIIe ,nOBOlbHO ,na 6H HX rro,nBprao CBOjOj BOlbH, jep CAOBeHH CTaBlbajy CA060,ny Hcrrpe,n CBera ,npyrora ,nO qera ,npJKe, Te he pa,nHje H3a6paTH CMPT, Hero ,na cAyJKe IJ.apy HAM HKOMe ,npyroMe. HaKOH IIITO ce Ha rrpeCTO rrorreo KOHPa,n II, CAOBeHH HacpHyIIIe Ha H:.era qeTBpTe ro,nHHe TheroBe BAa,naBHHe, O,nHOCHO AeTa rocrro,nThera 1029, KaKO TBP.nH CHre6ePT H3 )KaM6Aya KOjH, MehYTHM, rrpehyTKYje IIITeTe Koje Taj Hapo,n HaHeCe KOHPa,ny. BarpHeHcKH, HarrpoTHB, O,nAHqHO TO orrHcyje y 4. KThH3H Ka,na rOBopH 0 rropa3y KOjH IJ.ap rrpeTprre y je,nHoM oKpIIIajy ca CAoBeHHMa. YXBaTHBIIIH ce ro,nHHe 1055. y KOIIITaIJ. C BOjCKOM IJ.apa ¢PH ,npHKa, CAoBeHH (rrpeMa rrpHqaH:.Y CHre6ePTa H3 )KaM6Aya) H3aOoIIIe H3 oKpIIIaja Kao rr06e,nHHIJ.H H H3BpIIIHIIIe CTpaIIIaH rrOKOlb Ha,n rrpOTHBHHIJ.HMa. By,nyhH ,na ce CAaBa H:.HXOBa 6ejaIIIe Ta,na Beh rrpoHeAa qHTaBHM CBeTOM, XapaM, Kpalb ,llaHcKe H HopBeIIIKe, 3apaTHBIIIH C pa3HHM Hapo,nHMa, rrpHxBaTH 3a caBe3HHKe y TOM rro,nyaaTy (KaKO rrHIIIe CaKCO rpaMMaTHKYC y 3. KH:.H3H 0 ,llaHcKoj) CAOBeHCKe KHeJKeBe ,llyKa H ,llaAa y rrpaTH:.H BeAHKOr 6poja CBOjHX lby,nH. 3axBalbyjyhH ThHXOBOj CpqaHOCTH. XapaM rrOKopH AKBHTaHHjy, rra rrpeIIIaBIIIH y BpHTaHHjy YCMPTH TaMO Kpalba XyM6pa. HaKOH Tora CAOBeHH caCTaBHIIIe cPAOTY o,n MHorHX, ,na He KaJKeM 6aIII 6e36pojHHX Aaha H Harra,noIIIe HCTOqHe KpajeBe CaAaH,nHje, r,ne 3aMeTHYIIIe MHore H JKecTOKe oKpIIIaje C KpalbeM PoxHMHje H O,nHeCOIIIe OrpOMaH ITAeH. rIoHOBO CKYrrHBIIIH jOIII je,nHY cPAOTy o,n 1500 6po ,nOBa, Harra,nOIIIe XaAaH,nHjy. HO 3601" oAyje (KaJKe HCTH Taj Caxo y 14. KH:.H3H) IIITO ce rro,nHrHY je,nHe HohH. HajBehH HX ce ,neo rrOTorrH. HaKoH Tora, y paT rrpOTHB CAOBeHa KpeHY ,naHCKH Kpalb CBeH, HO rrpeTprre rropa3 H (KaKO rrHIIIe rpaMaTHKYC y 15. KH:.H3H) rrOCTa ThHXOB p06. rIpHqa XeAMoM (y 1. KH:.H3H, rrorAaBlbY 24) KaKO caCKH BojBo,na Op,nyAcP paToBaIIIe ca CAoBeHHMa HerrpeKH,nHo ,nBaHaeCT ro,nHHa, a ,na rrpHToM HH je,nHOM He H3ahe H3 60ja KaO rro6e,nHHK, Hero YBeK rr06eheH, CBe ,no KOHaqHOr rropa3a ro ,nHHe 1066, O,nHOCHO OCMe ro,nHHe BAa,naBHHe IJ.apa XeHpHKa IV. HHKora TO He 6H CMeAO 3aqy,nHTH, jep (KaKO rrHIIIe JoxaHC ABeHTHHYC y 4. KThH3H) BeAHK 6ejaIIIe yrAe,n TaKO CAaBHor CAOBeHCKor rrYKa, rrOIIITOBaHor H 3601" cBoje 6POjHOCTH. MCTH ayTop y 1. KH:.H3H KaJKe: Hapo,n KOjH HeMIJ.H 30BY BeHe,nHMa, a Ha H:.HXOBY BAaCTHTOM je3HKY HMe HM je CAoBeHH, rro,nelbeH je Ha MHOro orpaHaKa, 6y ,nyhH ,na 3a BAa,naBHHe IJ.apa JYCTHHHjaHa I. rrpera3HIIIe JlYHaB H 3aY3eIIIe ,llaAMaIJ.Hjy, AH6ypHHjy, J1AHpHK, rIaHoHHjy H ,neo HopHKa, KOjH ce H ,naH-,naHac rro H:.HMa 30Be CAaBoHHja. ,llOBOlbHO he 6HTH pehH 0 H:.HMa ,na cy HaIJ.Hja CHAHa H CHaJKHa. 3aTO JoxaH ABeHTHHYC rOBopH 0 Hapo,ny 163 CJlOBeHU ce pabajy CJW600HU U He MOZY HUK:OMe CJlY:JK:Umu. IJ.ap KOHpaO II npempne nopa3 00 CJlOOeHa. CYK:06uewu ce ca eojCK:OM yapa cf>puopuxa, CJlOOeHU U3Bp' we cmpawaH nOK:OJb. CJlOOeHCK:U K:H.eJK.eBU JI.y K: uJI.aJl naMa :»::y OaHCK:OM I<:paJby XapaJloy. CJlOOeHCK:a qmoma Hanaoa CaJlaHOujy. BooeMHoze oK:pwaja C I<:paJbe.M. PowUJlOuje. CJlOOeHCK:a cj:)Jloma 6ewe cacmaeJbeHa 00 1500 Jlaba. JI.aHCK:U I<:paJb CeeH nopa :»::eH naoa CJ!ooeHUMa y poncmeo. CacK:U eojeoda OpoyJlcjJ 60pu ceca CJ!ooeHUMa 12200uHa. BeJluK:U Y2Jleo CJlOOeHa. 75 nOOeJbeHU Ha MH020 02paHaK:a. CUllHa Hayuja.
r I nQ.1Wpa. CAOBeHCKOM. A .n.a je Taj Hapo.n. MMao MCTMHolby6MBe cBoje <tww CJta.ey lIMCI.l;e KOjM 6M Sa6M1be)KHAM CBe IheroBe .n.peBHe lIOTXBaTe, CJW8eHC1(;OZ KY.n.MKaMo 6M cAaBHMje CM 6MAO IheroBo MMe. O. KOAMKa liapooa.. My je CAaBa BepOBaTHO YCKpaneHa, CaMO 3aTO lIlTO My TMjeKoM .zryrMX lbeTa YSMaIhKalIle M)'2KeBM KOjM 6M 6y.zrynMM lIOKOlbeIhMMa lIOHY.n.HAM Ha '-IMTaIhe 6es6pojHa .n.M'-IHa .n.eAa cAoBeHcKal AKO je lIOHer.n.e M SalIMCaHO HelIlTO 0 IhMMa, MSalIlAO je TO rOTOBO HeXOTMI.l;e MS lIepa ayTopa KOjM lIpMlIa.n.axy CYlIapHM'-IKoj CTpaHM, .n.OK MMIIllbaxy KaKO 6M yBeAM'-IaAH .n.eAa BAaCTMTOr po.n.a. CTora cy .n.eAa CAOBeHCKa TaKO lIlKpTO MAM '-IaK HeTa'-IHO OlIMCaHa .n.a, 6y.zrynM .n.a BenMHa MCTopMje He3Ha6mKaI.l;a Byqe CBe CMMlIaTMje Ha CBOjy CTpaHY, HenelIl HM Ha TpeH .n.OBeCTM y CyMIhy .n.a roBopenM o CAOBeHMMa roBope 0 HelIpMjaTelbMMa, CBMKHYTMM Ha 6op6y Ms6AMsa Ma'-IeM, aAM He M pe'-IMMa. JOlIl HeIIlTO, MeQyTMM, lIOMpa'-IM M YBeAMKe oCAa6M CHare M I.l;apCTBO CAOBeHa, a 6ejaxy TO HeCAora IhMXOBa M MeQyco6HM paTOBM. lla HMje Tora 6MAO, HeMa cyMIhe .n.a 6M lIOCTaAM roClIO.n.aPM (KaKO KruKY neTap Kpys6ep M [KapAo] BarpMeHCKM) He caMO o6aAa BaATM'-IKor Mopa Hero M '-IMTaBe fepMaHMje M ¢paHUYCKe. na Ka.n. ce, .n.aKAe, M .n.oro.n.M .n.a ce KO.n. HeKor aympa '-IMTa KaKO je Taj M Taj Kpalb MAM I.l;ap CaBAMaO CAOBeHe, He Balba TO cxaaTMTM, HMTM BepOBaTM, Kao .n.a CBAMao '-IMTaB CAOBeH..,CKM Hapo.n. ys BaATM'-IKO Mope, Hero caMO je.n.aH IherOB .n.eo, 6y.zrynM .n.a cy CAOBeHM 6MAM lIo.n.elbeHM Ha MHore CHruKHe Hapo.n.e lIO.n. BAalIlny paSAM'-IMTMX KHeLKeBa. I1CTMHa je .n.a HeneMO HMr.n.e HaMnM Ha TBp.n.Ihe KaKO ce '-IMTaB Taj Hapo.n. MKM yje.n.MHMO, HMTM .n.a je MKMa 6HAO KOjM Kpalb HAM I.l;ap paTOBao ca CBMMa IhMMa o,ZIje.n.HoM. lla HMCY 6MAM TaKO pasje.n.MIheHM, 6HAO 6M MX CBMX saje.n.Ho .n.OBOlbHo.n.a ce O.zrylIpy He CaMO je.n.HOM c::::~:e cppaHa'-IKOM Kpalby MAM I.l;apy, Hero M MHorMMa y.n.pYLKe" weOuHuwe HMMa MeQyco6HO. CXBaTMIIle TO M KHeLKeBM CYCe.n.HMX seMeOY C060M y Malba, lIa ce CBMM CMAaMa Tpy.n.MlIle He 6M AM MX oCAa6MAM 60p6u npomue IhMXOBMM BAaCTMTMM CHaraMa. Hene ce CTOra HMKM HanM Henpujame.lba. .n.a je 6HAO KOjM Kpalb MAM I.l;ap paTOBao C Hapo.n.OM CAOBeH76 CKMM, a .n.a My Ha lIOMonM HMje 6MO BeAMKM 6poj ynpaBo CAoBeHa. CA~AM cy y paTy paSAM'-IHTe KHeLKeBe M 60 pHAH ce lIpOTMB BAaCTMTor Hapo.n.a, je.n.HaKo Kao lIlTO cy TO Y lIPOIIlAOCTM '-IMHHAH M jOlIl M CM '-IMHe illBajI.l;apI.l;M HAM CTaHOBHHI.l;M fpMCOHca. Ko ce LKeAH caBpIIleHo YlIo3HaTH C PyjaHlJ,U Time, HeKa '-IHTa CBeIIlTeHHKa XeAMOMa, CaKca fpaMaTH yJKueajy ee.nuK:U YVleo KYca, AA6epTa KpaHI.l;a H AHMoHa pe.n.oBHHKa, a MeHH ne 1(;00 ocma.J!ux 6HTH .n.OBOlbHO HaBeCTH oB.n.e Kao lIpHMep PyjaHI.l;e, HajClIoeeHa.. MonHHje o.n. CBHX CAoBeHa. KpalbeBcTBO IhHXOBO He lIpOlIa .n.e HHKM, OCMM KM KpeHylIle Op)'2KjeM je.n.aH Ha .n.pyrora. OHM HajMonHMjM Te (KaKO KruKe XeAMOM) )'2KMBaxy HajBenM yrAe.n. MeQY CBHM CAOBeHHMa. HaCTaIhaBaxy He 164 CaMO 06aAe BeHe.n.CKor Mopa. Hero M ycpe.n. caMor Mopa. MMaxy BAaCTHTora Kpalba, a xpaM IhMXOB 6ejalIle lIOCBy.n.a Ha rAacy, Te H CTora lIoAaraxy lIpaBO Ha lIpBeHCTBO y KpMAy '-IHTaBe CAOBeHCKe HaI.l;Mje. Y IhMXOBOM lIoce.zry 6ejalIle OCTPBO PyjaH y BeHe.n.CKOM MOPY, .zryro ce.n.aM HeMa'-IKMX MHlba M je.n.HaKO TaKO IIlMPOKO, IIAO.ll.Ha TAa, Te je .n.aHac )KHTHMI.l;a Ce.zryHaI.l;a, Kao IIlTO je CMI.l;HAMja )KHTHMI.l;a PMMlbaHa. fAaBHM rpM PyjaHaI.l;a, lIO MMeHY ApKOHa, ce .n.aHac HM pYIIleBMHe He BM.n.e, 6ejaIIle CMeIIlTeH (IIO MMlIllbeIhY HeKOAMI.l;MHe) Ha BMCOKOM pTy '-IMje o6aAe C MCTOKa M C jyra OIIA~je Mope, OlIacaHOM TaKO BMCOKMM SM.n.MHaMa .n.a 6M CTpeAa o.n.alIeTa MS AyKa je.n.Ba .n.ocerAa BPX IhMXOB. Ca salIMa rpM 6MjalIle salIlTMneH BeAMKOM M CHruKHOM TBPQaBoM. CaKCO fpaMaTMKYC MeQYTMM CMelIlTa ApKOHY Ha .n.pyro OCTPBO, SBaHO BMTOpa, y.n.albeH o.n. PyjaHa sa lIlMPMHY peKe, a Ihera YHMlIlTMlIle XaPaM, Kpalb fOTa, M XeMMHr, Kpalb llaHaI.l;a. A6paxaM OpTeA TBp.n.M .n.a Ha MecTy ApKOHe y .n.aBHMHM 6ejalIle CMeIIlTeH CAOBeHCKM rpa.n. BMHeTa, a 6ejalIle TO rpM (KaKo lIMIne XeAMoM) HajBenM o.n. CBMX eBpolIcKMX rpMoBa M HajlIo3HaTMjM lIO TproBMHM M3MeQY pasHMx Hapo.n.a. BejalIle HaCTaIheH CAoBeHMMa KOjM lIpMMaxy M .n.pyre Hapo.n.e, KojMMa MeQyTMM, sa BpeMe IhMXOBor 60paBKa y rpa.zry, He .n.OlIylIlTaxy )KHBeTM lIpeMa XpMIIlnaHCKMM 3aKOHMMa. CBe .n.o KOHa'-IHOr CBor yHMIIlTe .n.pyro .n.M ny.n.HoCTM CMelIlTa Iha, Kpalb roBM O.n.pe '-IeCTMTMjMX Taj OCTaI.l;M. M .n.aHCKM, .n.o rpa.n. rpMa Taj HeCAora o.n. rpM CAoBeHa .n.aKAe YSpOK KaMMHa, y 06M'-Iaja LKelbM MeQY .n.pyra'-IMje, YCTpaja lIpOlIaCTM KOjM IheHMM .n.a HM r.n.e Bene OlIlba'-IKa HacTaIhaBaxy y ce He3Ha601I1TBY. rpaQaHMMa, HaMMe jOIIl BMHeTe roCTOlby6MBOCTM M TaKO .n.aH-.n.aHac MSMeQY HMje BMHeTy. 60raT '-IMMe Ho 6HAO YlIlna He lIOTaKHyT rpM, BM.n.e M XeAMoM .n.o6poHMlIlTa 6M peKe IhelbycaCTaBM BeAMKY CPAOTy C KOjOM HacpHy Ha rpM, sayae ra, OlIlba'-IKa M cpaBHM ca seMlbOM. PyjaHI.l;M, CTaHOBHMI.l;M oCTpBa PyjaH, MMaxy 6po.n.oBe y BeAMKOM 6pojy, Te KpcTapenM OHMM 06aAaMa '-IMHMIIle BeAMKe IIlTeTe, a lIoHajBMIIle .n.aHCKMM KpalbeBMMa C KojMMa ce '-IeCTO cYKo6lbaBaxy. BMTMKMH.n. XOAaHQaHMH y 3. KIhMSM lIMlIle.n.a PyjaHI.l;M AeTa foclIo.n.Ihera 809. caCTaBMBlIlM CPAOTy o.n. 830 AaQa, HalIa .n.OlIle KpalbeBMHY llaHcKY M MCTO'-IHy ¢PMSMjy, a ys OCTaAa 3Aa Koja TaMO lIO'-IMHMlIle, 3ayselIle M ClIaAMlIle rpMoBe BMHY OMeH6ypr CBOjy PyjaH. M HMceH, BelIle Te TO o.n.HeCOIIle paSAor s60r orpOMaH Kojer lIAeH ce KapAo y .n.OMOBeAMKM OKO ro.n.MHe 810. MalIlM opYLKja lIpOTMB IhMX, Te MX y .n.Ba LKeCTOKa M KpBaBa oKpIIlaja Ha,ZIja'-Ia M lIpMBe.n.e XPMCTy. nOKOpMBIIlM MX (KaKO lIMlIle BMTMKMH.n.) SaxBalbyjynM IhHXOBOj pasje.n.MIheHocTM BMIIle HO BOjCI.l;M cppaHa'-IKoj, Hape.n.M .n.a CBM lIOCTaHY xpMIIlnaHM M cAe.n.6eHMI.l;M pMMcKor 165 HMajy fJ.llacmumoz 1(;pa.Jba. Onucocmpea PyjaH. BuHema, Vla8HU zpao ClIooeHa. Y3P01(; nponacmu BuHeme. 77 ClI08eHu qJJloma oajy,aaHC1(;Y· <tecmo ClIOOeHC1(;a Hana6ewe CaCmaalbeHa 00 8301laOa. ClIo8eHu cna.J!e 6ypz u OlloeHHuceH uxapajy ,aaHCK.O.M. u ucmo<tHOM 4>PU3UjOM. KaPJlO Be.nuK:U pamwec PyjaHlJ,U.Ma.
'I""""" I IIo6eau ux u 06pe,na, Te ,na 3aje,nHO ca CaCHMa, Koje HeIIlTO rrpe TOra npueeoe 6ejaIIIe rrpe06paTHO Ha Bepy XpHCTOBY, rrAahajy ,naHaK H Xpucmy. HCKa3yjy rroce6Ho rrOIIlTOBaEbe CBeTOM BHJIj1, KOjH Y TO HaKOH. Kap- JlOee CMpmu ,n06a 6ejaIIle Meny OHHM rrYKOM H3Ha,n CBera rrOIIlTOBaH. C.JtooeHu ce PyjaHUH rrAahaxy ,naHaK CBe ,nOK rr02KHBe KapAO BeAMKH, n06YHe u Ha- HO HaKOH H>eroBe CMPTH 0,n6HIIle IIAahaTH ,naHaK H rrpHnycme xpuw- ,npJKaBaTH ce Bepe XpHIIlhaHCKe. Carpa,nHIIle y CBOM rpaAY haHcKyeepy. A . C IIoiJu:JKy XPaM PKOHH xpaM y KOJH rrOCTaBHIIle KHrr BaTOBHTa HAM Kuny uoO./ta (KaKO ra Ha3HBa KpaHU) 3BaHTOBHKa, KOjH HHje ,npyro ,nO Ceamoeuma. CBeTH BH,n, Te CBaKe ro,nHHe MYIIIKapUH H JKeHe ,nOHOCHIIle II.Jta1lajy OaliaK y Taj XPaM ,naHaK O,n je,nHOr ,nHHapa rro rAaBH. Ka,n 6H HX Ceamoeumy. Onuc KyMupa Ceamoeuma. BaAmU1.{KU C.JtoeeHu HUCY HOCU.JtU 6paoy. cyce,nH rrHTaAH 3a ,naHaK, o,nroBapaxy ,na HX y ,nOMy H>HXOBY ,nOBOIbHO 3a,nOBOIbaBa BH,n HOBO je ,naHaK H>eroB. BpaTHBIIlH ce TaKO He3Ha60IIlTBY, 060JKaBaxy KYMHpa TOr CBaTOBHTa, KOjH 6ejaIIle H3paneH o,n ,npBa H BeAMKH rrorryT ,nHBa, a HMaIIle, Kao H JaR (JaHYC) KO,n HeKHX ,npyrHX Hapo,na, 'leTHpH rAaBe, KaKO 6H YAa3ehH C 6HAO Koje CTpaHe xpaMa 'lOBeK Morao BH,neTH H }'JKHBaTH y rrorAeAY Ha KYMHpOB 06pa3. M,nOA 6ejaIIle roA06pa,n, a JIj1ra My Koca 6ejaIIle ca CBHX CTpaHa ,n06po rro,npe3aHa, Te ce 'lHlbaIIIe (KaKo KaJKe CaKCO rpaMMaTHKYC) Kao ,na orrOHaIIla CAOBeHCKe HaBHKe y rro,npe3HBaH>Y Koce. EejaIIle o,neBeH y xaIbHHe JIj1ra'lKe CBe ,nO rro,na, y ,neCHHUH ,npJKaIIIe KOBaHH 78 por, a y Taj por cBeIIlTeHHK, je,nHHH KOjH Meny CAOBeHHMa HocaIIle 6paJI:.Y, y3 6pojHe CBe'laHe 06pe,ne YAeBaIIle BHHO. BHHO 6H OCTMO Y pory ,nO cAe,neher ,naHa, rra rrpeMa TOMe ,na AM 6H OCTMO Ha HCTOM HHBOY HAM 6H orrMO, CBeIIlTeHHUH 6H rrpocy,nHAM KaKBa he 6HTH cAe,neha ro,nHHa, TYMa'lehH orra,naIne HHBoa Kao OCKY,nHUY, a lberOBY rroCTOjaHoCT Kao 06HIbe. JbeBHUY ,npJKaIIle CBaTOBHT OCAOH>eHY 0 60K, a He,nMeKO ce o,n H>era MorAe cy ce BH,neTH y3,ne H ce,nAO H>eroBa KOH>a, Kao H BeAMKH H 60raTo yKpaIIleH Ma'J. Taj ce H TaKaB KYMHp HMa3HO y KarreAH C 'leTHpH AyKa CMeIIlTeHoj y BeAMKOM XPaMY, rrpeM,na 6e3 HKaKBa OCAOHua o 3H,nOBe xpaMa, a ca CBHX CTpaHa KarreAa 6ejaIIIe OKpyJKeHa 3aBeCaMa o,n 60raTo YKpaIIleHe rryprrypHe TKaRHHe. Y KarreAY 6eIIle 3a6paH>eH rrpHCTyrr CBHMa OCHM CBeIIlTeHHKY, a HH H>eMY yseK H Ka,n ro,n MY ce rrpOXTe, Hero caMO y rrpeTrrpa3HH'lKe ,naHe KaKO 6H CBe rrO'lHCTHO H yrAa'lao. na HH caMOM CBeIIlTeHHKY He 6ejaIIle ,norryIIlTeHo ,nHcaTH yHyTap 3aTBopeHHX 3aBeCa, Hero Ka,n 6H XTeo Y3eTH ,nax, Jl.eo n.JteHa rrOTp'lao 6H Ha BpaTa H rrpOMOAHO rAaBY KaKO ,nax CMPToapyjy HHKa He 6H HH Ha KOjH Ha'lHH ,nO,nHPHYO 60JKaHCTBO, jep Ceamoeumy. CMarpaxy TO rrpeBeAMKHM rpeXOM. CBOM H,nOAY ,naBaxy yseK TpehHHY paTHor H CBaKora ,npyror rrAeHa, a HMa,ne CBaTOBHT H CBOjHx 300 KOH>a H rroce6HY CTPa2KY o,n 300 Iby,nH KOjH H,nOIIle y paT 3a H>era H CBY ,n06HT rrpe,naBaxy CBeIIlTeHHKY, ,na 6H 3aTHM 6HAa CKAOH>eHa y pH3HHUY H3 166 Koje jy HHje 6HAO ,norryIIlTeHo H3HeTH HH Ha KOjH Ha'lHH H HH H3 Kojer pa3AOra. nHIIle CaKCO rpaMMaTHKYC ,na HCTor Tor H,nOAa 060JKaBaxy He caMO CAOBeHH, Hero ,na ra ,napHBaxy H crpaHUH H KpaIbeBH cyce,nHHX 3eMaIba. Meny OBHMa rrOCAe,nH>HMa 6ejaIIle H ,naHCKH KpaIb CaMO, KOjH My rrOCAa Ha ,nap 3AaTHH rrexap BpXYHCKe H3pa,ne, 3a UITa rrpHMH H HarpaJI:.Y. He rrpone, HaHMe, MHoro BpeMeHa, a KpaIb CaMO YMpe 6e,nHoM H OKPYTHOM cMphy H CBaTOBHT My He 6H HH o,n KaKBe rroMohH. M,nOAY 6ejaIIIe rrocBeheH H je,naH 6eAH KOIn KpyrrHa CTaca, KOMe HHKO OCHM CBeIIlTeHHKa He CMe 'lyrraTH,nA~ H3 perra HAM rpHBe, HHTH jaxaTH ra HAM KHTHTH, jep CAOBeHH 6ejaxy 'lBPCTO YBepeHH KaKO ra CBaTOBHT jaIIle y CBOjHM rroxo,nHMa Ha HerrpHjaTeIbe Ka,nro,n My ce rrpOXTe. BepOBaxy KaKO je ,nOKa3 TOMe IIlTO, OCTaBHBIIlH HaBe'lep KOH>a y y06H'lajeHoM IneroBoM CTaHY, HCTHMapeHora, 'lHCTOr H Be3aHor, 'leCTO ra cAe,neher jYTpa HMa3HIIle 6AaTH>aBOr H 3HojaBor, Kao ,na Te HohH 6ejaIIle rrpeBMHO JIj1r rryT. no XOJIj1 Tor KOH>a rrpopHnaxy ycrrex HAH Heycrrex 3arrO'leTHX paTOBa, a JKeAehH ,n03HaTH TO rrpe HO IIlTO ce OCTBapH, rrpH6eraBaxy cAe,neheM rroCTyrrKY: Y 3eMIbY rrpe,n XPaMOM 3a6Hjaxy ycrrpaBHO IIleCT MOTKH y rrapOBHMa je,nHy rrpe,n ,npyrOM H Ha je,nHaKOM pa3M~. 3aTHM 6H rrpeKO THX rrapOBa rrpHBe3MH rrorrpeKO jOIIl je,nHY MOTKY, TaKO 6AM3Y TAy ,na KOH> MOJKe caCBHM AaKO rrpehH rrpeKO, a ,na He CKO'lH. Ha ,naH YTBpneH 3a Taj ,noranaj, CBeIIlTeHHK 6H HaKOH JIj1rHX H BeAH'laHCTBeHHX MOAHTBH rrOBeo CBe'laHHM KOPaKOM KOH>a 3a Y3,ne, CBe ,no OHe TpH rrperrOHe o,n MOTKH; aKO 6H KOlb ype,nHO, je,nHY 3a ,npyroM, rrpeKOpa'lHO CBe TpH rrperrOHe, YBeK ,neCHHM KOrrHTOM H He 3aMeHHBIIlH HHje,nHOM ,neCHY C AeBOM CTpaHOM, CAOBeHH 6H 6HAM CHryPHH Y rr06eJIj1, a aKO 6H KOH> yqHHHO cyrrpoTHo o,n Tora, 0JIj13eo 6H HM Bepy y rr06eJIj1. CBaKe ro,nHHe HaKOH JKeTBe JKPTBOBaxy CBOM H,nOAY BeAHKH 6poj JKHBOTHH>a, a rrOHeKa,n 6H CBeIIlTeHHK Y3eo H Kojer xpHIIlhaHHHa H y6HO ra 3a JKPTBY, TBp,nehH ,na je KpB xpHIIlhaHcKa 60roBHMa H Te KaKO yro,nHa. HaKoH Tora 6H rrpe,n BpaTHMa xPaMa rrpHpe,nHAH CBe'laHY r036y H ,nOHeAM Ha CTO OKpyrAy rrora'ly rrpHrrpeMIbeHy o,n KHceAor TeCTa a TaKO BeAMKY, ,na 6H ce H3a H>e Morao caKpHTH o,npaCTao 'lOBeK. CBeIIlTeHHK 6H 3aHCTa CTao H3a rrora'le, Te ce caKpHO rroKpHBajyhH ce H>OMe, rra yrrHTao MOry AM ra BH ,neTH. Ka.n 6H CBH yrAac o,npe'lHO o,nrOBopHAM, CTao 6H MOAMTH CBor ,na HM ,na,ne ,na ra ce cAe,nehe ro,nHHe jOIIl MaH>e BH,nH. PyjaHnH HCTpajaxy y THM CBOjHM 3a6Ay,naMa roTOBO rryHHX rpHCTa rre,neceT ro,nHHa, a 3a TO BpeMe (rrpeMa rrHCaEbY BHTHKHH,na XOAaHnaHHHa y Tpehoj KH>H3H H neTpa Kpy36epa y IIleCToj) rrOBe,nOIIle 6e36poj paTOBa C MHorHM Hapo,nHMa, xapajyhH He CaMO rrpHMopjeM H rrpH06MHHM 167 Jl.aHcKU KPQJb CaMO WQJbe oapoee Ceamoeumy. 79 IIpu JKpmeoeal-bY y6uje jeoH02 xpuwhaHulia.. IIoimt.ta 00 Kuce.JtOi! mecma. PyjaHljU ucmpajy y uoo.Jtono/\.Jwlic may mOKOM 35020auHa.
- rpa,nOBHMa, Hero rrpo,nHpyhH CBe ,no Y YHyrpaWl:bOCT repMaHHje H 3a,najyhH BeAllKe MyKe OH,naWlhHM KpalbeBHMa H u.apeBHMa. Ho Bor, 'lHje cy HaM HaMepe CKpHBeHe, He XTejJaHCIru KpaJb ,ne,na Taj Hapo,n paT060pHH OCTaHe y MpaKY He3Ha60WTBa, BQJl.OeMQ.p Te OCOKOAH Kpalba ,naHCKor BaA,[(eMapa,na YCTaHe op)')KjeM yopYJlCeH C Ha l:bHX. BaA,[(eMap CKYrrH CHruKHY BOjCKY Y HaMepH ,na HX MHOZUM rrOKopH, HO YBH,neBWH KaKO CaMe lheroBe CHare HHCY ,noClloeeHCIruM ICHeJlCeelLMa. BOlbHe, y,nP)')KH ce C rrOMepaHCKHM KHeJKeBHMa Ka3HMHHaojat(a POM H BorycAaBoM, Kao H C ITpH6HcAaBOM, BAa,napOM CAOPyjaHye. BeHa 060,npHTa. KpeHYBWH 3aje,nHO C lhHMa y rroxo,n, BaA80,neMap ro,nHHe 1167. Ha,z:da'la Cp'laHe PyjaHu.e. HaKoH rroCpyweH 6e,ne, HaAO)KH ~a ce CBaToBHToBY KHrry CBJKe OM'la OKO Ceamoeumoe BpaTa, Te ra BOjHHU.H rroTe3axy TAOM y rrpHcyCTBy CAoBelrun. Ha. Ha Kpajy rrpeTeCTepHcawe KHrr Ha KOMa,ne H jaBHo ra crraAHwe, ,na 6H rrOTOM YHHWTHAll xpaM H CBe y lheMY H Orrlba'lKaAH pH3HHu.y. ITo BaA,[(eMapoBoj 3arrOBeCTH CBH ce MOPaxy o,npehH H,noAo-rrOKAOHCTBa H rrpHrpAllTH Bepy y je,nHHora H HCTHHCKora Bora, a ,naHCKH Kpalb HX HaCTaBH HerrpeKH,nHo rrOTrrOMaraTH y TOMe, Te 0 CBOM TpOWKY caCnoMeH Ha . Ceamoeuma rpa,nH ,nBaHaeCT u.pKaBa y 3eMlbH HeKa,n PyjaHau.a , a ca,n OOpJlCa ce Oy20 lheroBoj. YrrpKOC CBeMY TOMe, rrpa3HoBepje y CBaTOBHTa Met)y pyraHcKor OCTa Ha CHa3H H .nyro ce o,nPJKa Me.ny qecHMa, CJlOOeHlLMa. CBe ,nOK 6AruKeHH BjeHu.eCAaB, KHe3 'leWKH, He rrpe,na CBOM Hapo.ny MOWTH CBeTor BH,na Koje 6ejawe ,n06HO o,n u.apa OTOHa, KaKO 6H HM jaBHo HCKa3HBaAH rrOWTOBalhe. HCTHHY roBopehH, HH Ha Taj Ha'lHH He H36pHca qecHMa caCBHM H3 cehalha crrOMeH Ha CBaTOBHTa, jep HaHMe H ,naH-,naHac HeMa y qewKoj CBe'laHHjer HH pacrrpOCTpalheHHjer rr03 ,npaBa o,n OHora KOjH rrpH3HBa l:beroBo HMe. Ka,n rrpHMajy HeKor rOCTa HAll rrpHjaTelba KOjH HM ,nOAa3H H3 ,naAeKHX 3eMalba, rroHaBlbajyhH KaJKY BHTeH, BHTeH, y 3HaK pa,nOCTH 360r Ca'lYBaHa 3,npaBlba, Kao ,na je TO 3acAyra CBaTOBH-< TOBa. JaHHMap, M)')K rrAeMeHHT H 6paT TeTHCAaBOB, YAOJKH KpwmeltJe CBe cBoje CHare He 6H AH HCKopeHHO rrpa3HOBepHH KYAT TemuCllaea, CBaTOBHTa. Kpalb TeTHCAaB, KOjH BAa,nawe PyjaHu.HMa y ICpaJba CllOeeHCIC02. BpeMe lhHXOBor rropa3a, TeK WTO 6ejawe rro.nyqeH BepH KaTOAll'lKoj C BeAllKOM JKHBowhy H crrpeMHowhy rrpHcTynponoeeoa rrH CBeTOM KpwTelhy, Te HaAOJKH H CBHMa cBojHMa ,na rroceojILM TpruKe .nyxOBHY CBOjy 06HOBY Y TOj cBeToj KpCTHOHHU.H. HH nooaHuYlLMa HaKOH Tora He rrpeCTa HHKa,n rrporrOBe,nHMa ja'laTH lhHXOpet( BOJ/CUjy. By Bepy y XpHCTa, rOTOBO Kao HOBH CBeTH ITaBAe ArrOCTOA rrOCAaH o,n XpHCTa. BpwehH ,naKAe CA)')K6y rrpOCBeTHTelbCKY, ,neAOM AerrHM pe'lHMa H HarOBopHMa, a ,neAOM rrpeTlhaMa, rrOKpWTaBawe Hapo,n CypOBHjH H OKPYTHHjH o,n 6HAO Koje 3BepH H jow Y rrOKYwajy rrpe06pahelha TBP,nOKOPHHjH o,n CBHX ,npyrHx 6aATH'lKHX CAOBeHa. KaKO ce Melhaxy BpeMeHa, TaKO ce H3MelhHBaxy H KHeJKeBH Hapo,na pyraHcKor, a KOjH ce HaAa3e HHJKe rrorrHcaHH. 168 ITOITHC Ci\OBEHCKHX KHE)KEBA KOjH Y ,naBHHHH BAa,naxy OCTPBOM PyjaHoM BHTHCMB BAa,nawe PyjaHoM AeTa rOcrro,nlher 938, a Ha- KOH cBoje CMpTH OCTaBH ,nBa CHHa, TeTHCAaBa H JapOMH- 81 '"'_ . VoILoeeH pa. O,n lhHX ,nBOjHU.e, JapOMHp CTyrrH Ha rrpeCTO KPalbe- JapOMup BHHe JlaHcKe H rrpHrpAH xpHwhaHCKO yqelhe, Te YTeMelbH ICpaJbjJaHclCe 6HCKYrrHje CYH,nCKY, XeA,AeHaMeHCKY H KalllHA,ACKY. KPHH 6ejawe rocrro,nap PyjaHa y BpeMe u.apa KOHpa,na II, ou.a XeHpHKa III. KPHH HMaille ,nBa CHHa, i\y6eMHpa HAH ilu6eIC Ha3eaH lby6HMHpa H KpHTOHa. l-heroBoM CHHY lby6HMHPY rpa,n no CJlOeeHY i\H6eK .nyryje HMe. KPHTOH rr06e,nH y 60jy rOTlllaAKa, KHe3a lby6oMUpy. BepAa, Te 3ap06H lherOBe CHHOBe XeHpHKa H ByTyea, 3a BAa,naBHHe u.apa XeHpHKa IV. CBAHTOITOi\K, CHH JapoMHpa. Kpalba JlaHcKe KOjH je (KaKO je pe'leHo) Kao KHe3 pyraHcKH cTyrrHo Ha ,naHCKH rrpeCTO, HaCAe,nH o,n ou.a BAaCT Ha,n PyjaHu.HMa AeTa rOcrro,nlhera 1217. BHTHCMB, 6paT CBaHTOrrOAKOB, HaCAe,nH KHeJKeBcKY BAaCT Ha PyjaHY, 6y.nyhH ,na 6paT lheroB 6ejaille yMpO 6e3 HaCAe,nHHKa. OH rraK OCTaBH H3a ce6e TpH CHHa, BHTHcAaBa III, JapoMHpa II. H BopHcAaBa. BOPHCMB HaKOH O'leBe CMpTH 3aBAa,na PyjaHoM OKO ro,nHHe 1250. ITpeMHHY 6e3 HaCAe,nHHKa. BAPHHMO TpehH CHH JapoMHpa I, HaKOH CMpTH CBe cBoje 6pahe H HehaKa, rrpey3e BAaCT Ha PyjaHY. HaKoH CMPTH OCTaBH H3a ce6e ,nBa CHHa, HBaHa H Llje6HCAaBa. OBaj ,npyrH ro,nHHe 1260. yreMelbH MaHacTHp y KaMrry. JAPOMHP, ,npyrH BAa,nap Tor HMeHa H CHH KHe3a BHTHCAaBa . .nyro BpeMeHa JKHBellle ,naAeKO o,n BAa,napCKor rroAOJKaja. Ho 6y.nyhH ,na cy H3YMPAH CBH o,n lherOBor po,na, HaCAe,nH OH BAaCT Ha,n PyjaHoM OKO ro,nHHe 1300. HaKOH CMpTH OCTaBH H3a ce6e ,nBa CHHa, JapoMHpa III. H BHTHCAaBa III., a oBaj rrOCAe,nlhH rrpolllHpH xpHlllhaHcTBo CBe 82 ,no i\HBoHHje. BHTHCMB. TpehH KHe3 Tor HMeHa, KOjH (KaKO je pe'leHO) rrpOWHpH xpHlllhaHCTBO CBe ,no i\HBoHHje, HaCAe,nH ou.a Ha rrpeCTOAY PyjaHa. HMaille TpH CHHa. JapoMHpa IV, BHTHCAaBa IV, Kora y6Hllle CYH,nU.H, Kao H CaM60pa H Khep AHY, Koja rrOCTa,ne JKeHa BorocAaBa, BojBo,ne o,n illTeTHHa. JAPOMHP IV, 6y.nyhH ,na lheroBa 6paha YMpellle 6e3 HaCAe,nHHKa, caM BAa,nallie PyjaHOM. Ho H OH yMpe 6e3 CHHOBa, ITa BpaTHcAaB, BojBo,na o,n illTeTHHa H IToMepaHHje, 169
..... [JoOaza 60z C.JWeeHa. y U.JI<del-l:oU/JZU. /coo CJloeelia CHH AHe, CeCTpe BHTHCAaBa H JapoMHpa IV, HaCAe,n;H pyraHCKH npeCTo no 3aKoHY KpBHora Cpo,n;cTBa. CTora H ,n;aH ,n;aHac nOMepaHcKH KHe2KeBH Hoce TaKooe H HaCAOB BAa,n;apa PyjaHea. A TO OCTPBO PyjaH 6ellle rOTOBO npaBH paCa)];HHK H,n;OAOnOKAOHCTBa y CAOBeHCKOM Hapo,n;y y3 BaATHqKO Mope. Ho CAOBeHH He HMaxy H,n;OAe je,n;HHCTBeHora 06AHKa, Ben Meoyc06HO pa3AHQHTe, Kao lllTO pa3AHqHTa 6ejaxy H H>HXOBa BepOBaH>a. Y3 6e36poj ,n;pyrHX K)'MHpa KOjH cy ce HaAa3HAH Ha nOlhHMa H no KYnaMa, 6ejaxy Ty H OHH CMelllTeHH y xpaMoBHMa, lhy,n;cKora 06AHqja, nonYT Taj no,n;ara (KaKo nHllle XeAMoM y 1. KH>H3H, nOrAaBlhY 84) 6ejawe 60r CAoBeHa. ,llpyrH naK 6ejaxy CMelllTeHH y nocBeneHHM lllYMaMa, a Meoy H>HMa 6ellle npOBE, 60r OHHX H3 OMeH6ypra. 6e3 AHKa, HHTH Ha 6HAO KOjH ,n;pyrH HaqHH H3pa2KeHa 06AHKa. nOAaIICKH CAOBeHH H Aa60HH 0602KaBaxy TEYTOHA. KOjH 6ejame H>HXOB MepKYP H KojeMY npHHocHllle lhy,n;cKe 2KpTBe. Je,n;HaKo TaKO 0602KaBaxy H 60rHH>Y KOjy Ha CBOM je3HKY 3Baxy CHBA. OHa HMallle 06AHqK KpenKe H CTaCHTe ,n;eBojKe Koja y ,n;eCHHIl.H ,n;p2Kallle AyK H CTpeAy nOBe3aHe BeAHKHM BeHIl.eM. Bellle TO OHOM IIYKY 3HaK ,n;a ne oHaj, KO 6y,n;e BelllTO H xpa6po pYKOBao THM opy2K:jeM, 6HTH OBeHQaH PYKOM 60rHH>e CHBe, Koja HHje ,n;pyro ,n;o H>HXOBa JYHOHa. H,n;OA pA,llHrACT HAH pa06au:::cm,60z pA,llHrOCT 6ejawe npe,n;MeT 0602KaBaH>a KO,n; 060,n;pHTa vtJpuma. CJlooeliU ucnooeoaxy eepy y jeoliOl jeouliol 602a .M.ohliujez 00 ceuxopyzux. P HaCTaH>eHHX y rpa,n;y eTpH, a npHKa3HBaxy ra y AHKY xpa6por paTHHKa C BeAHKHM MaQeM y PYIl.H, ,n;OK Kpaj H>era cTajawe qOBeK o,n;eBeH Kao TYOHHaIl.. Bellle TO H3pa3 06Hqaja no KojeM ce CAoBeHY KOjH He npHMH no,n; CBOj KpOB rocTa HAH CTpaHIl.a, HMa MaqeM 0,n;py6HTH rAaBa, ,n;OK ce, npeMa MHllllheH>Y HeKHX ,n;pyrHx, THMe ,n;aBaAO CAOBeHHMa ,n;onYlllTeH>e ,n;a MaqeM npH6aBe xpaHY He caMO 3a' < ce6e Hero H 3a rOCTa. CAOBeHH nOlllToBaxy TaKOue ,n;BorAaBe KYMHpe, na 3aTHM OHe C TpH HAH qaK qeTHpH rAaBe. Ho ycnpKoc TOMe, HnaK HcnOBe,n;axy Bepy y je,n;Hora je,n;HHor 60ra Ha He6y MonHHjer o,n; CBHX ,n;pyrHX H KojeM ce OCTaAH 60roBH nOKOpaBajy. By,n;ynH ,n;a BAaCT Ha He6y 6ejawe y H>erOBHM pYKaMa, ,n;pyrH, H>erOBe KpBH, BplllHAH cy cAy2K:6e 833a Koje 6ejaxy 3a,n;y2KeHH, npH qeMY HajCaBpllleHHjH MeOY H>HMa 6ejallle oHaj Haj6AH2KH 60ry 60roBa. CBOjHM 60rOBHHa Ma CAOBeHH 2KPTBOBaxy He caMO 2KHBOTHH>e Hero HM no CltooeliC1QLM ce los6aMilliOCUO HeKa)]; npHHOCHllle H lhy,n;CKe 2KpTBe, a nOCBenHBaxy HM y Kpyl nexap xpaMOBe H OATape 3aje,n;HO ca CBelllTeHHIl.HMa, Koje nOlllnyli ~lia, liao TOBaxy qaK H BHllle Hero KpalheBe. Y QaCT 60roBa o,n;peuHIWJ!LM. cy y'!.eCHUltU USloeapwtU Baxy noce6He ,n;aHe CBeqaHOCTH, TOKOM KOjHX npHpeOH . Baxy JaBHe ro36e. Ha THM ro36aMa cy HOCHAH y Kpyr nexap KJ!emee. nyH BHHa, Ha,n; KOjHM n03BaHH H3roBapaxy npOKAHH>aH>a H 170 KAeTBe, y HMe ,n;06PHX H Y HMe 3AHX 602KaHCTaBa. BepoBaxy OHH, HaHMe, ,n;a ,n;06pa cpena ,n;OAa3H o,n; ,n;06por 60 2KaHCTBa, a 3Aa cpena o,n; 3Aor, Te HX CTora Ha CBOM je3HKY Ha3HBaxy (KaKo Ka2Ke XeAMoM) ,llHa60A HAH qpHHBOr O,n;HOCHO Il.PHH 60r, O,n;HOCHO BEABOr, 6HjeAH 60r. Bejallle KO,n; H>HX ,n;06pHX 3aKOHa H 06Hqaja ,n;OCTOjHHX 0,n;06paBaH>a. ,llP2Kaxy MHoro ,n;o Tora ,n;a nOTOMIl.H nOlllTyjy CTape H nOKopaBajy HM ceo He 6ellle KO,n; H>HX cHpoMaxa HH npocjaKa, jep Ka)]; 6H HeKO oHeMonao 360r 60AeCTH HAH opoHYo o,n; CTapoCTH, ,n;aBaAH 6H ra Ha CTapaH>e HaCAe,n; HHIl.HMa, KaKO 6H ra OHH MHAOCp,n;HO HeroBaAH H XpaHHAH. Bejaxy yBHjeK BHllle Hero cnpeMHH yrOCTHTH nyTHHKa (npeMa CBe,n;OqeH>HMa XeAMOMOBHM, Te HBaHa H3 UHpHxa y 1. KH>H3H 0 ,n;peBHHM ro36aMa), TaKO ,n;a KO ro,n; 6H ce 3aTeKaO y H>HXOBOj 3eMlhH, He 6H yonlllTe Mopao Tpa2KHTH YTOqHlllTe, 6y,n;ynH ,n;a 6H My CBH O,n;Max n02fCYpHAH y CYCpeT, TaKMHqenH ce KO ne My npy2K:HTH rOCTonpHMCTBO. CBe lllTO 6H Taj Hapo,n; CaKYnHO Tpy,n;OM CBOjHM Ha H>HBH, AOBOM H pH60AOBOM, TpOlllHO 6H Ha cBoje rOCTe H Ha ,n;apOBe, CAaBenH Kao HajcHa2KHHjer H HajMonHHjer OHora KO 6ejame y TOMe BeAHKo,n;ylllHHjH, ,n;a He Ka2KeMO 6alll pacHnHHjH. YnpaBO TO 6ejallle qeCTO pa3Aor H>HXOBHM IIlhaqKaH>HMa H rycapeH>y MopeM. CMaTpaxy TO onpOCTHBHM nopOKOM, HaBo,n;enH Kao onpaB,n;aH>e roCTOlhy6HBOCT Ha KOjy 6ejaxy Ha CBaKH HaqHH 06Be3HH. CAOBeHCKH 3aKOHH, HaHMe, HaAaraxy ,n;a CBe lllTO je OTeTO Hony, yjyrpo 6y,n;e pa3,n;elheHO roCTHMa. AKO 6H KOjHM CAyqajeM (lllTO ce 36H TeK BpAO peTKO) HeKO YCKpaTHO CTpaHu.y rOCTonpHMCTBO y CBOjOj KYnH, CBaKOM 6ejallle ,n;onYlllTeHO CnaAHTH My,n;OM ca CBHMe lllTO je y H>eMY, a CBH 6H yCTaAH Ha H>era H npOrAaCHAH ra He,n;OCTOjHHM H nO)l;AHM, Te 3a6paHHAH ,n;a ce npHMH y ,n;PYlllTBO OHora KO 6ejame o,n;peKao XAe6 H rocTolhy6HBOCT TyOHHu.y. 3aKAeTBa HM 6ejame y nOTnyHOCTH 3a6paH>eHa H CMaTpaxy ,n;a je 3aKAHH>aH>eM, HCTO Kao H KpHBOKAeTCTBOM, Moryne HaBynH Ha ce6e OCBeTHHqKH 6ec 60roBa. nOqHHHTelhe TelllKHX 3AOqHHa pa3anHH>axy Ha KpH2fCY, TBp,n;enH KaKO KpH2K H He CAy2K:H H~eMy ,n;pyrOM ,n;o y,n;apaH>y Ha MYKe 3AOTBopa H He 2KeAenH noCAylllaTH nponOBe,n;aH>e CBeTOCTH KpH2Ka. MHorH CBeTH lhy,n;H H xpHlllnaHCKH KHe2KeBH MYKY HaMyqHllle He 6H AH HX npe06paTHAH Ha Bepy y XpHCTa, jep y MarHonOAY, BpaH ,n;eH6ypry, Ha PyjaHY, y nOMepaHHjH, npyCKoj H MBOHHjH BAa,n;axy pa3HH rocno,n;apH KOjH HacTOjaxy YHHlllTHTH XpHlllnaHCKY Bepy. na H Ka,n; 6ejaxy npHCHlheHH npHXBaTHTH je, cBeje,n;HaKO ce qeCTO Bpanaxy He3Ha60lllTBY· Uap XeHpHK 1. HayMH npHBynH BepH cyce,n;He Hapo,n;e, a 3aTHM CHH H>eroB OTOH 1. npHCHAH HeKe o,n; H>HX Ha IIAanaH>e ,n;aHKa H Ha npHXBaTaH>e Bepe, Te MHoro Hapo,n;a 6H 171 'lpliu60z. BeJlu602. Xewte epeoliu CJIOeeliC1Ul Sall:OIiU. C.JWeeIiCKO 2Ocmo np!LM.cmeo. Pa3JI02 KOju euw.e nyma noocmaKIiY CJloeelie lia 2ycapeH:>e. KaSlia OIiO.M.e KO lie 6u np!LM.UO cTTlpalilta lia cmali. 84 K00 CJloeelia je 3a6paH:>e1i0 saKJ!UH:>amu ceo CJloee IiU lie npU3liaeaxy ceemocm Kpcma. Bpahaxyce '!.ecmo lie3lia60w.mey
.,...,. KpIIITeHO, HapO"UITO y BpaH,n:eH6YPIIIKOj KpajHHH H Ha no ,n:pyqjy MeKAeH6ypra. TaKo ce 3a BpeMe BAa,n:aBHHe TPHjy I.J;apeBa, CBHX HCTora HMeHa OTOH, H 3axBaz:&yjyhH IbHXOBOj no,n:pIllI.J;H, TH y onIIITeM npOI.J;BaTy HcnYHHIlle I.J;pKBaMa, CBeIIITeHHI.J;HMa H KaAyOepHMa. Ho CTaHOBHHI.J;H npHMopCKRX KpajeBa, HajcypOBHjH o,n: CBHX, He npHX-BaJy.1tUHl,jU U~ THIlle xpHIllhaHCKY Bepy. Y nOMepaHHjH JYAHHI.J;H 3a6pa [loMepaHUJe nOClleOl-bU HHIlle CTpaHI.J;HMa ,n:a nponOBe,n:aJY .. HOBY Bepy. BeJaxy CTora npuxeamuwe Meoy nOCAe,n:IbHMa KOjH npHcTynHIlle xpHIllhaHCTBY, HaKO xpuwhaHCmeo. HH CTaHOBHHI.J;H YHYTpaIllIbOCTH He 6ejaxy nOCTojaHH y BepH. Ha HCTOKY, 3a BpeMe BAMaBHHe OToHa III, nOIbCKH BojBo,n:a BOAecAaB. KOjH 6ejaIlle npHCTynHo OTOHOBOM I.J;apCTBy H npH3Hao IberoBY npeMoh, nOT'lHHH CAaBHjy CBe ,n:o O,n:pe H nOKpCTH TaMOIllIbH Hapo,n:, Te TaKO H Ha HCTOKY nO'le npOJJ:HpaTH CBeTAOCT JeBaHOeIba. HAH BHBU.1tUHZ npeu XPUWh~HCKU AHHr, npBH xpHIllhaHCKH Kpaz:& CAoBeHa, npeMHHy ro,n:HHe ClloeeHCICU 980, a CHH IberOB jaBHO HcnOBe,n:aIlle Bepy y XpHcTa, ,n:OK KPa.Jb· je nOTajHo nporaIbao. BH1\YHr BAa,n:aIlle y BpeMe OToHa I. y npHMopcKoj CAaBHjH o,n: peKe BHCAe CBe ,n:o KHM6pHje: Ha Bojeooa 00 TOM no,n:pyqjy ,n:mfCHBeIlle npOI.J;BaT npeCTOHHI.J;a BHHeTa, CacICe u PeTpa, JYAHH, CTapHrpa,n:, BOAraCT, ,lleMHH. KYI.J;HH, MeAMapKU300 XHH H XIDKHH. HaKOH IberoBe CMPTH, CHHOBH pa3,n:eAHIlle BpaHoeH6ypca Meoy C060M noce,n:e. 3a BpeMe IbHXOBe BAa,n:aBHHe Bep U3a300y n06y- . Hy C.1tOeeHa Hap,n:, BOJBo,n:a o,n: CaCKe, nOTCTaKHY IIAeMCTBO Ha 6YHY npomue npoTHB I.J;apa XeHpHKa H TaKO nOCTynaIlle ca CAOBeHHMa, xpuwMHa. ,n:a ce OHH rOTOBO BpaTHIlle He3Ha60IIITBY. HCTO TO je 'lHHHO H MapKH3 o,n: BpaH,n:eH6ypra, nocTynajyhH C HOBHM xpHIllhaHHMa TaKO OIIITPO, ,n:a OHH 6ejaxy npHCHIbeHH OpyJKjeM 6paHHTH CBOjy CA060,n:y. TH nAeMHhH, ,n:aKAe, y CBOM npe3Hpy npeMa xpHIllhaHcKoj BepH, 6ejaxy OKpyTHH npeMa xpHIllhaHHMa ,n:o Te Mepe ,n:a CnaAHIlle IbHXOBe I.J;pKBe H noy6HjaIlle IbHXOBe CBeIIITeHHKe. TaKo ce CAOBe-. < .85 HH HaCTaIbeHH H3Meoy Aa6e H O,n:pe, KOjH 6ejaxy npOBeAH ce,n:aM,n:eceT ro,n:HHa )KIiBehH Kao xpHIllhaHH, BpaTHIlle He3Ha60IIITBY, 3a IIITa BojBo,n:a o,n: CacKe HHje MapHo, 6PHHe 6u OOOO.lbHO HYhH ce caMO 0 TOM ,n:a ,n:06Hje JJ:yJKHH ,n:aHaK. He 6H ,n:opamoeamu ca BOIbHO, YOCTaAOM (KaKo KroKe neTep ApToneyc), paToBaTH C.1tOOeHUMa. C TaKO MohHHM Hapo,n:oM. XeHpHK AaB HnaK nOCTH2Ke o,n:peoeHH ycnex y TOj 6YHH. CAoBeHcKH KHe2KeBH 6ejaxy, nOC1\e MHcTHBoja, IberoBH CHHOBH AHa,n:par, fHej H Y,n:OH, cTpaIIIHo AOIll 'lOBeK K01"a 3601" OKPYTHOCTH H y6HIlle. CHH IberoB fOTIllaAK Ha,n:MaIIIH y OKPYTHOCTH 'laK H oI.J;a, HO KacHHje ce nOKaja H OCTaBH ce Ma. no nOBpaTKY C ,n:Bopa ,n:aHCKOra Kpaz:&a y ,n:OMOBHHY, nOTpy,n:H ce Ha CBaKH Ha'lHH nOBpaTHTH TaMO xpHIllhaHCTBo, Te 'leCTO H Ali'lHO no,n:CTHI.J;aIlle Hapo,n: ,n:a nocehyje I.J;PKBy; ycne My npli3BaTH XPHIllhaHCTBY rOTOBO TpehHHY TaMOIllIber Hapo,n:a KOjH ce 3a BpeMe MliCTHBoja BpaTHO He3Ha60IIITBY, HO KOHa'lHO ra 172 BAaCTHTH Ibe1"OBH Iby,n:H y6HIlle, a 3a IbHM OCTa CliH XeHpHK. CAOBeHli ce BpaTliIlle He3Ha60IIITBY, a OHe KOjH liCTpajaxy y BepH y6Hjaxy. BpeMe THX onIIITHX HeMlipa 6ejaIIIe 1066, OCMa ro,n:liHa BAMaBliHe I.J;apa XeHpliKa IV. Y CTpaxy ,n:a 6H liM ce fOTIllaAKOBH CliHOBli MorAH OCBeTHTH 3a O'leBY CMpT, CAOBeHli H3a6paxy 3a CBor KHe3a KpHTOHa, BeAHKOr HenpHjaTeIba XpliIllhaHa, KOjli ce Kao rocno,n:ap 060,n:pliTa y3 CH1\He Hanope 0,n:6paHHO o,n: caCKor BojBo,n:e MarHa caMO ,n:a He 6li nOCTao xpliIllhaHliH. H3 Mp2KIbe npeMa IIAahaIbY ,n:aHKa, CAOBeHliMa 6eIlle MpCKO li xpliIllhaHCTBO. Bejaxy liM o,n: nOMohli XeHpHK IV. H CHH Ibe1"OB XeHpliK V, KOjH HaMyqliIlle Cace ynAeTeHe y I.J;pKBeHe nOCAOBe. Ho BOAecAaB, npaheH nOIbCKliM KHe2KeBliMa, HarHa cyce,n:He nOMepaHcKe CAoBeHe ,n:a npHxBaTe xpHIllhaHCTBo, Te CTora HCTO'lHli CAoBeHli nocTaxy XPHIllhaHH npe o,n: 3anMHRX. KpHToHa, y3 nOMoh IberOBe 2KeHe CAaBliHe, nHjaHor y6li fOTIllaAKOB CHH XeHpliK, KOjH noTOM Y3e liCTy Ty 3a 2KeHY H 3Mo6H O'lliHCKY KHe2KeBHHY. CAoBeHH, YBH,n:eBIIIH ,n:a HX KHe3 IbHXOB 2KeAH npliBeCTli xpliIllhaHcKoj Bepli, HaopyJKaIlle ce npOTliB Ibera, HO XeHpliK HX, y3 nOMoh caCKora BojBo,n:e Ma1"HYca, nOT'lliHli li He cnoMliIbyhli liM Bepy, jep je 3Hao KOAHKO HM je MPCKO xpHIllhaHCTBO. n06e,n:li 3aTliM (KaKO je pe'leHO) PyjaHI.J;e y IbYTOM 6ojy, Te nOT'lliHli li IbHX 3aje,n:Ho C Ba1" pHMa, nOAanCKliM CAoBeHliMa, 060,n:pHTHMa, KHI.J;HHHMa, UHpI.J;HnaHliMa, nOMepaHI.J;HMa li CBHM OCTaAHM CAoBeHliMa CBe ,n:o nOIbCKe. CTeKHe TaKO HaCAOB Kpaz:&a CAoBeHa, 86 HO He xTje,n: ra npHMHTH H3 CKPOMHOCTH. npeMHHY 1"o,n:liHe KHe3 1126. ,llaHcKH Kpaz:& KaHYT npey3e TMa BAaCT HM ,n:p2Ka UCmottHUX BOM 3a paqyH XeHpHKoBRX CHHOBa. XeHpHKY npHna,n:aIlle C.1tOeeHa BepmUCAae TaKooe nOKpajHHa C OBe CTpaHe peKe naHa, r,n:e KHe3 HCdonywma Ceo TO'lHe CAaBoHlije BepTHCAaB ,n:onyCTH CB. OTOHY. BHCKYny oa BaM6ep1"a, ,n:a nponOBe,n:a xpHIllhaHCTBO, Te H caM, 3aje,n:HO nponooeoa ca CBOjHM nAeMCTBOM H CBliM CBOjliM rpMOBliMa, npH Meoy l-beG'OOUM HapoooM. XBaTH Bepy y XpHCTa. JeBaHoeIbe ce o,n:p2Ka TaMO CBe ,n:o XeHpHKa AaBa, BojBo,n:e o,n: CaCKe, KOjli npH xo,n:o'laIllhy Ha rpo6 focno,n:HHa HaIIIe1"a y JepyCaAliM nOBe,n:e Kao canyTHHKa npH6licAaBa, KHe3a Hapo,n:a CAOBeHCKor. HCTH Taj Hapo,n: [JpYCKa y y npoIIIAoCTH ,n:p2KaIlle y CBOM noce,n:y H npyCKY, Te noceoy RX 3Baxy npycHMa. He 3HaM Ka,n:a ce HaCeAHIlle y THM C.1tOOeHa. KpajeBHMa rOIbeHH HY2K,ll;OM H 6e,n:oM CBora 3aBH'faja, KOjH ce HaAa3li ceBepHHje, npeMa HCTOKY, MHoro BHIlle o,n: H3 Bopa peKe TaHalic, KOjy caBpeMeHHI.J;H HaIIIH 30BY TaHa. OHli, ,n:aKAe (KaKO nHIlle 1)aM6YMapH y 4. KIbH3li), 6e2KehH o,n: CHera H Ae,n:a 3aBli'laja, npHcTHroIlle y Ty 3eMIbY, Te je 3aTeKaBIllli HeHaceIbeHOM, HaKOH IIITO je 6ejaxy HanYCTHAH PaHuje HaCe.lbeHa fOTH (KaKO ce Bli,n:li H3 HCToplije), 6ejaxy BpAO 3MOBOIbHH, TomUMa. TOAHKO ,n:a ce TaMO 3aYCTaBHIlle li HaceAHIlle. He npeooIlle, 173
r ITpyCK:U eeHU CMeJlU .lKUeom. me.IKQIC eooe Cltocy JbyOu. MeDYTHM, BHC1I.Y, r,1l.e 6ejame HeMau.a, Hero ce pamHpHme 0,1l. peKe KPOM KOjy HeKH ,1l.aHaC 30BY Ilepry1l., a Ha1I.a3H ce HCTOqHO 0,1l. IlpYCKe, na CBe ,1l.0 BHC1I.e, Koja pa3,1l.Baja CapMaTHjy 0,1l. fepMaHHje. IlpeM,1l.a 3aY3eme qHTaBY 3eMlbY, y Jl.Y)KHHH 0,1l. OKO ,1l.BeCTa ne,1l.eCeT MHlba H y mHpHHH 0,1l. CTO qeTp,1l.eCeT MHlba, yonmTe He npHCTynHme 06paQHBaIby 3eMlbe, Hero OCTaBHme CBe no,1l. namIbau.HMa, MO)KJl.a 3aTO ,1l.a ce He 6H MOPaAH 60PHTH 3a Iby C ,1l.pyrHM HapO,1l.HMa, Ka,ll.a 6H ce npoqy1l.a Ibe3HHa n1l.0,1l.HOCT, H1I.H MO)KJl.a 3aTO jep He 6ejaxy CBHKHYTH 3eMlbOpa,ll.IbH, C 063HPOM Ha TO ,1l.a ce npexpaIbHBaxy HCKlbyqHBO MeCOM, H TO Hajqemne CHPOBHM, a )KeD raCHme MAlljeKoM, qHCTHM H1I.H KaTKa,ll. nOMemaHHM C KOIbCKOM :KpBlbY, KaKO TO qeCTO H ,1l.aHaC qHHe TaTapH. He nO,1l.H3axy 3H,1l.aHe KYne, Ben CTaHOBaxy Y nenHHaMa H mYnlbHHaMa HAll Jl.YnlbaMa cTa6aAa, mTHTenH CBOjy ,1l.euy H ce6e 0,1l. XAa,1l.HOne H 0,1l. na,ll.aBHHa caMO IbHXOBOM KOpOM. KaKo ce MO)Ke 3aKlbyqHTH H3 HCTOPHjCKHX ,1l.e1I.a, 6ejaxy TO lbY,1l.H n03HaTH no CMe1l.0CTH BHme Hero no paT060pHOCTH. TOKOM MHorHX BeKOBa He HMaxy cBoja 60 )KaHCTBa HHTH n03HaBaxy Bepe, ,1l.a 6H HX Ha Kpajy 06Y3e1l.0 TaKBO 1I.YJl.H1I.0 ,1l.a 3a cBoja 60)KaHCTBa npH3Hame 3BepH, 3MHje H ,1l.pBene (KaKO Ka)Ke na-,na IlHO II), C1I.e,1l.enH y TOMe 3a611.YJl.Y OCTaAllX C1I.0BeHa. Bejame KO,1l. IbHX je,1l.aH xpaCT 87 nO,1l.elbeH Ha TpH ,1l.e1l.a, y KOMe ,1l.P)Kaxy cBoja 60)KaHCTBa. C CTpaHe CTajame KYMHp IlETYH HAll (npeMa ,1l.pyrnMa) IlEPKYH. mTO 3HaqH MYIba. Y IberOBY qaCT xpaCTOBHHOM ITepYH 1502 nOTnalbHBaxy H O,1l.p)KaBaxy BaTpy ,1l.aIbY H Hony, a aKO 6H ~!~~: ce ce KOjH nYT 360r HeMapa nOC1I.Y*HTelbeBa yracH1I.a, oI50.IKQeQfbe. KpHBu.a 6H CHam1l.a cMpTHa Ka3Ha. C ,1l.pyre cTpaHe 6ejame KYMHp IlATPYiMilO. IloToBaIbe Tor H,1l.01l.a ce cacTOja1l.o y TOMe mTO ,1l.P)Kaxy )KHBY 3MHjy KOjy. KaKO 6H joj )KHBOT 6HO mTO yro,1l.HHjH, xpaHHme M1I.eKOM. C Tpene CTpaHe 6e-· KYMUP ITQmeJl. jame CMemTeH KYMHp KOra 3Baxy IlATEA, a IbeMY y qaCT qyBaxy r1l.aBY HeKor npeMHHy1l.0r. YiMaxy H MHora ,1l.pyra 60)KaHCTBa, KojHMa O,1l.aBaxy nomTOBaIbe H nOqaCTH, a y3 TO HM CTaAHO npHHOCHme )KpTBe y xpaCTOBHM mYMaMa. K01l.HKO CTBapH HMaxy, TOAllKO 6ejame IbHXOBHX 3amTHTHHKa H 60)KaHCTaBa. Ho, BPXOBHO 60)KaHCTBO 6ejame OHO epxoeHo Koje Ha3HBaxy BYPXAJT, KOMe ce HajBHme K1I.aIbaxy, a 150000QHcmeo 6ejame yje,1l.HO KYnHO 60)KaHCTBO H 3amTHTHHK YKYnHe npyc/CUX IbHXOBe nOKpeTHe HMOBHHe H CTOKe, O,1l.HOCHO KOIba, roBeC.1WeeHQ. ,1l.a, oBau.a, K03a H CBHIba. .LJ.pyro je,1l.HO 6O)KaHCTBO, no KyMUp HMeRY CHEJBPAT, 6ejame npeTnOCTaBlbeHO rycKaMa, CHejl5pQm. KOKomHMa, naTKaMa, ro1l.y6Hu.aMa H naYHOBHMa. Tpene KYMUP I'yPICO. KYnHO 60)KaHCTBO 6Hjame fYPKO, KOMe npHna,ll.ame 6pHra 3a CBY xpaHy mTO ce je,1l.e y KYnH. OCHM Tora, 6YJl.YnH ,1l.a He n03HaBaxy H HeMaxy HHKaKBa nHCMa HHTH C1I.0Ba, He BepOBaxy Ka,ll.a 6H HM HeKO peKao KaKO qOBeK KopHCTenH 174 C1I.0Ba MO)Ke ,1l.pyI'OMe OTBOpHTH Jl.Ymy H HCKa3aTH CBOjy BOlbY. Yi3 CBHX THX pa311.0ra OKO I'O,1l.HHe 1000. npamKH 6HCKYn A,1l.a1I.6epT 6H nOC1I.aH y IlpycKY npOnOBe,1l.aTH Bepy. Ho KaKO He HMame qHMe nAaTHTH npe1l.a3 peKe Oce, y,1l.apHme ra BeC1I.0M, mTO OH CTpnlbHBO OTpnH. YmaBmH y 3eMlbY, noqe npOnOBe,1l.aTH Bepy y XpHCTa, 06enaBaTH 6eCMpTHOCT H ,1l.0Ka3HBaTH KaKO CyHu.e, Meceu., BaTpa, BO,1l.a H mYMe, Koje TaMomIbH lbY,1l.H nomTOBaxy, HHCY caMH no ce6H HHKaKBa 60)KaHCTBa, Hero cy TeK CTBopeIba. IlHme JaH .LI.y6paBCKH y 6. KIbH3H ,1l.a ce Taj CBeTH qOBeK, Ka,ll. YBH,1l.e ,1l.a TH HeBepHHu.H He )Ke1l.e qyTH HH peqH 0,1l. IberoBHx nponOBe,1l.H, OKpeRY CTaJl.Y OBau.a H noqe IbHMa npOnOBe,1l.aTH peq BOJKjy, a OHe ce (3acHrypHo qy,1l.0M 0,1l. Bora) 3aycTaBHme, Te ra HaqYlbeHHX ymHjy CTa,ll.Ome C1I.ymaTH, HenpeCTaHO ,1l.p)KenH norHyTy r1l.aBY npe,1l. IbHM. CBemTeHHu.H H,1l.01l.0nOK1l.0HHu.H CXBaTHme ,1l.a HM A,1l.a1I.6epTOBa npOnOBe,1l. KBapH nocao, Te ra Cna1l.Hme y 611.H3HHH Mopa, He,1l.a1I.eKO 0,1l. Kpaja n03HaTor no,1l. HMeHOM ¢>e1l.cxaY3eH. Ce,1l.aM ra nYTa np060,1l.ome MaqeM, a 3aTHM My O,1l.pyGHme r1l.aBY H 06eCHme TPyn 0 cTa611.0. Ho IberoB ,1l.0ManHH CKYnH CBe ,1l.e1l.0Be Te1l.a H caxpaHH HX. fO,1l.HHe 1226. Be1l.HKH MajcTop IbeMaqKHX (TeToHcKHX) BHTe30Ba HacpHy Ha npycKe C1I.0BeHe H n06e,1l.H HX y 60jy, HaKOH qera y nOKpajHHY IlpycKY 6H npBH nYT YBe,1l.eHO xpHmnaHcTBo, a HCTO TaKO H HeMaqKH je3HK, ,1l.0K rOTOBO nOTnyHo OJl.YMpe je3HK npycKHX C1I.0BeHa. BYJl.YnH ,1l.a ce OB,1l.e HeMa mTO ,1l.pyro penH 0 IbHMa, npenH neMo Ha C1I.0BeHe H3 PycHje, KOjH ce ,1l.aHaC 06HqHO Ha3HBajy MOCKOBlbaHHMa. Y ,1l.06a Ka,1l. ,1l.pyrH C1I.0BeHH KpeHyme H3 CapMaTHje, ,1l.a 6H OTHmAll HeKO npeMa fepMaHCKOM MOPY, a HeKO nyT .LI.yHaBa, PYCKH C1I.0BeHH OCTa,ll.Ome y CBOjHM npB06HTHHM 60paBHmTHMa, a KO,1l. CTapHjHx aYTopa HX HaAa3HMO no,1l. pa3HHM HMeHHMa. E1I.Hje CnapTHjaH H KanHTOAlljcKH y IlHjOBOj 6HOrpa¢HjH, Te ¢>1I.aBHje BonHcKo y 6Horpa¢HjH AypeAlljaHa, 30BY HX POKC01l.aHH; IlAllHHje HX y 4. KIbH3H, nor1l.aBlbY 12, 30Be TOC01l.aHH; IlT01l.eMej naK TpOC01l.aHH; CTpa60H HM y 7. KIbH3H ,1l.aje HMe PaCHa1I.H H PocaHH; Pa¢ae1l. B01l.aTepaHo, Kao H MHorH ,1l.pyrH, 30Be HX PyTeHHMa . .LJ.aHac HX 06HqHO Ha3HBajy PycHMa, O,1l.HOCHO Pa3acYTH, jep Ha PYCKOM HAll C1I.0BeHCKOM je3HKY poceHa H He 3HaqH HHmTa ,1l.pyro ,1l.0All pa3aCHnaIbe, a HMe HM PyCH HAll pa3acyTH He 6H Ha,ll.eHYTO 6e3 pa311.0ra. HaHMe, Ka,ll. C1I.0BeHCKH HapO,1l. 3aY3e qHTaBY eBponcKY CapMaTHjy H ,1l.eo a3HjcKe, C1I.0BeHCKa ce Hacelba npomHpHme H pa3acyme 0,1l. Ae,1l.eHOra Mopa ,1l.0 Cpe,1l.0 3eMlba H Ja,ll.paHa, Te 0,1l. Be1l.HKOra MOpa,1l.0 Ba1I.THKa. IIlTaBHme (KaKO nHme JaK06 Majep y 1. 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Pycu caceKY jaHcKa 3eMlbaj, na CBe AO i\HBoHHje, llpycKe R llolbcKe Ha 3anaJIY, Te Ha jyry AO CapMaTCKRX ropa H AO peKe THpe, KOjOj je AaHac HMe ,llH>eCTap. TR KpajeBR 06YXBaTajy TaKOoe nOKpajHHY JyrapRjy RAH (KaKO je 30BY PyCR) Jyrpy, R3 Koje y npOIllAOCTH nOTeKOIlle X.YHR, Aa 6H 3aTRM OCBOjRllli llaHoHHjy R nOA ATHARHHM BOOCTBOM nOKopRllli MHore eBponCKe 3eMlbe. CTora ce PyCH Anqe Aa cy nOAaHHUR H>HXOBR Y npOIllAOCTR no~apMRllli BellliKe eBponCKe ApJKaBe. PyCH, CTaHOBHRUR CapMaTRje, 6ejaxy n03HaTR (KaKO nRIlly 1)aM6YAapR R rRHTxep y 4. KH>R3R) Kao MYJKeBH no npHpoAR paT060pHH R HeYKpoTHBR. Y npoIllARM BpeMeHRMa npYJKRIlle nOMoh TaKOoe H PHMCKOM UapCTBY, Ka,Il; lloMnej BellliKR 6ejame y pary C UPHOMOPCKHM Kpa1beM MRTpHAaTOM, C KOjRM PyCH HaCTaBRIlle JOIll JIYro paToBaTR. Y TO A06a 3anOBeAHHK HM 6eIlle KHe3 TacoBau, Kora CTpa60H R EjOHAo 30BY TacHje. PyCH cy ce CAYJKHAH CAeAehHM OpYJKjHMa (npeMa CTpa60HY, KH>Hra 7): Ma-qeM, AyKOM, KonlbeM, OKAOnOM R IllTHTOM OA rOBeoe KOJKe. KopHCTRIlle TO OPYJKje He caMO npOTHB cyceAa Hero H npOTUB HajYAaJheHRjHX HapOAa, KpaJheBCTaBa R uapCTaBa. TaKO 3a BpeMe BAa,Il;aBRHe uapa BHTeAHja (KaKO nRIlle JOXaH ABeHP~Ke '-/erne U TRHYC Y 2. KH>R3R) npera3RIlle ,llyHaB R caceKOIlle ABe -qeTe y6u)y KOH.3Y.J1.a. M . 6 Azpuny. PRMCKRX BOJHRKa, a 3aTHM npOBaAHIlle y e3HJY H y Rille Kaaa ce Pycu KOH3YAa R ynpaBRTelba ArpRny. Y TO BpeMe (KaJKe MHXO 3aycmaeUw.e y COllliH>aHHH) HaCTaHRIlle ce y RlllipCKOj Me3HjH H A06RIlle H.J1.upw<y. HMe PaIllaHH. Eejaxy YAPYJKeHR C rOTHMa Ka,Il; y BOjHOM Pycu yapy- noxoJIY pa30pRIlle Eypony H Apyre 3eMlbe, HO (KaJKe Xep :JKefiU c romu- 6epCTeHH) nOA 3aje)l;HR-qKRM RMeHOM rOTR, 6YJIYhR Aa OHR Mapa30pe Eepny. ynpaBlbaxy nOXOAHMa. llO-qRHHIlle BeAHKe IllTeTe R y rp-q . KOM uapCTBy. 3a BpeMe BAaAaBRHe uapa i\eoHa i\aKaneHa Hanaaa)y rh l,tapcmeo ['pita ?KYnRIlle Ha BeAHKOMY MOPY 't'AOry OA neTHaeCT ~Rlba,ll;~ c 15 XUJbaaa JeApeH>aKa C nOCa,Il;aMa OA TOllliKO lbYAH Aa RM Je 6poJ .J1.a1)a. (KaKO KaJKe 30Hapa y 3. cBecUH) TeIllKO R 3aMRCAHTH, Te HacpHyme Ha KOHCTaHTHHonOlb, a nOHOBHIlle Hana,ll; R 3a 90 BpeMe BAa,Il;aBHHe uapa KOHCTaHTRHa MOHoMaxa. BpAO je 176 A06po n03HaTa BeAnqRHa R CHara CAOBeHCKora HapOAa, KOjR y KpaTKO BpeMe onpeMR CRAHe 6pOAoBe, IllTO AocaA HRje 3a6eAeJKeHO HRTR y jeAHOMY ApyroMY UapCTBy. YnpKOC TO...,Me IllTO rp-qKR ayTopR, y HaCTojaH>Y Aa Y3BRce nO)l;yXBaTe BAaCTRTora HapOAa, nRIlly Aa ce PyCR BpaTRIlle KYtrn He3a,1l;OBOlbHR. i\eronRc JepeMRje Pyca roBOPR ynpaBO cynpoTHo, HaRMe Aa ce PyCR HaKOH BellliKor nOKOlba rpKa BpaTRIlle KYhR KPUaTR nAeHOM. rOARHe 6886. OA noCTaHKa CBeTa (npeMa PYCKOM KaAeHAapy Rllli 1378. no XpRCTy) BeAHKR BojBoAa OA PycRje ,lleMeTpRje n06eAR y 60jy MohHora TaTapcKor KPaJha 3BaHor MaMaj. TPR roARHe KacHRje, nOHOBHO ce CyK06RBIllR C TRM TaTapRHoM, TaKO pa36R, nopa3R R cace-qe H>eroBY BOjCKY (npeMa Xep6epIllTajHY) Aa 3eMlba yOKpyr BRIlle OA TpRHaeCT MRlba 6eIlle npeKpRBeHa AeIlleBRMa lbYAR norRHYARx y 6RUR. llpehYTKYjeM Ty Apyre AR-qHe R CAaBHe nO)l;yXBaTe Tor MohHor HapOAa, jep MR HRje URlb HR HaMepa RcnpeAaTR RCTopRje RAH AeTonRce, Hero TeK YKpaTKO cnOMeHYTR Haj3HaMeHRTRje CTBapR Koje ce TR-qy CAOBeHCKor HapOAa. AKO RX HeKO KOjRM CAy-qajeM JKeAH y nOTnyHOCTR yn03HaTR, npoHahR he CBe IllTO JKellli A03HaTR KOA JepeMRje Pyca, CRrRcMYHAa Xep6epIllTajHa R <ppaH-qecKa ERCRa R3 EepraMa, KOjR je HeKO BpeMe np060paBRo y PyCRjR R OCTaBRO 3a6eAeIllKe o TOM KpaJheBcTBY. Ca6eARKo TaKooe y 3. KH>R3R CnOMRH>e Pyce. Haj3a,1l;, R jeAaH je nRcau R3 KpaKoBa OCTaBRO BpAO Ta-qHa CBeAo-qeH>a 0 06e CapMaTRje. Y Te KH>Rre, AaKAe, HeKa 3aBRpR 3HaTRJKelbHR -qRTaAaU, jep Ha Taj he Ha-qRH 6RTH y nOTnyHOCTH 06aBeIllTeH 0 CBeMY IllTO ce TR-qe Pyca HAH MocKoBlbaHa, AaHaC n03HaTRX no~eAHaKo nOA 06a RMeHa. ,llOK JOIll 6ejaxy He3Ha60IllUH, PyCH RMaxy R 060 JKaBaxy noce6He cBoje KYMRpe KojHMa Ha,Il;eHYllie (KaKO KaJKe MjexoBHTa) cAeAeha RMeHa: ll110P (llepyH), OAHOCHO MYH>a, Te CTPl1E (CTpR60r), KOPCO (Xopc) R MOKOCi\O (MOKOIll) Ko RX je npBH R3Beo R3 Te 3a6AYAe R npe06paTRO Ha XPRIllhaHCTBO, He 3Ha ce ca cmypHoIllhy R y Be3R ca THM MHIlllbeH>a cy pa3llli-qRTa. PyCH ce y CBOjRM AeTonRCHMa XBaAe H OTBopeHO KaJKY Aa PyCRja npRMR 6AaroCAOB H npHXBaTH xpHIllhaHCTBO no CBeTOM AHAPRjH, XpHCTOBy y-qeHHKY, KOjH, KaKO ce KaJKe Aooe y PyCHjy R3 rp-qKe. YnAOBHBIllH y YIllhe EopRCTeHa, KpeHY Y3BOAHO peKOM CBe AO nAaHRHa rAe ce AaHac HaAa3R KRjeB, Te TaMO nOAellli CBOj 6AarocAoB, nOKpCTR -qHTaB Kpaj R nOCTaBR CBOj KpCT nponoBeAajyhH Aa ce TaMO y3 MHAOCT EOJKRjy RMajy carpa,ll;RTR upKBe y BellliKOM 6pojy. HanYCTRBIllR Taj Kpaj, CTHJKe AO H3Bopa EopRCTeHa Ha BeAHKOM je3epy BOAOX, Te ce 3aTRM peKoM i\oBaT cnYCTH AO je3epa l1lbMeH. 3anYTRBIllH ce peKoM BOAXOB, Koja R3BRpe R3 HaBeAeHor je3epa, CTHJKe AO HOBropOAa, a 3aTHM HCTOM peKoM oAe AO je3epa 177 ilo3fiamaje Cfia2a CKOZ fiapoaa C.J1.oeefiPycu U3epw.e cmpaw.afi noKO.Ib fiaa TamapUMa. 3anucu 0 Haan.u Pyca: iluop, Kopco, MOK0C.l1.0. Ceo Afiapuja npoceemumeJb nponoeeaa Me1)y PyCUMa. 91
r repMalicKO Aa,n;ora H peKe HeBe. OTrrAoBH CBe .n:o Mopa Koje PyCH 30BY Mope Pycu lia Bape'loje, .n:OK je KO.n: .n:pyrHx rr03HaTO rro.n: HMeHOM rep ceoMje3UK!! MaHCKO MOpe, H3Mel)y BYHAaH.n:a (<t>HHAaH.n:a) H AHBoHHje, 30ee Bape'l.oje. 6 . P B' Py' Ce. Taoej .n:a H Ha KpaJY CTHrao Y HM.. epYJY HCTO TaKo. CH.n:a Je npoceemume.Jb Mel)y IbHMa 60paBHo CB. Ta.n:eJ rrpOCBeTHTelb, KOJH HM rrponponoeeoa rrOBe.n:aIIle H KOjH HX KOHa'lHO rrpeo6paTH Ha Bepy XPHMeoy PyCUMa. CTOBY, Te je CTora (KaKo rrHIIle 1'laM6YAapH) o.n: CBHX CBeTHX Ha He6y oHaj Kora HajBHIIle rroIIlTyjy. LIHHH ce Mel)yTHM .n:a HeKH rp'lKH ayTopH TO HH-je'lY H xohe .n:a je PyCHja TeK MHOro CTOlbeha HaKOH TOra rrpOCBeTlbelba XPHCTOBOM BepOM. Ho H .n:a je CBe Ta'lHO TO IIlTO 0 Ce6H KIDK)' CaMH PyCH, He MO:>Ke ce HrraK HerHpaTH .n:a HHCY rrOHOBHO 3arraAH y He3Ha6oIIlTBO. HaHMe, u;ap BaCHAHje MaKe.n:OHau; (KaKO rrHIIle 30Hapa y 3. cBecU;H) rrOCAa PycHMa 6HCKYrra TeocPHAa o.n: Kora rrpHMHIIle xpHIIlhaHcTBo, Ka.n: Taj 6HCKYrr Lfyoo KH;,UZe 6 t. JeealiOeJba. rrpe.n: IbHMa aU;H y BaTpy KlbHry JeBaHl)elba, a OHa OCTa HeOIIlTeheHa. Y AeTorrHCHMa Tor Hapo.n:a HaAa3HMO 3aTHM Pycu ce 3arrHce, rro KojHMa pYCKa KpalbHu;a HAH BojBoTKHlba OAra epanajy xpuw- 6ejaIIle Ta Koja yse.n:e y KpalbeBCTBO xpHIIlhaHCKY Bepy. nalicmey 3a- 6 h . xeaJbyjynu KaKO ce TO 3 HAO, OB.n:e eMO YKpaTKO H3HHJeTH. KPaJbUl&U PyCKH KHe3 I1rop Y3e 3a :>KeHY rrOMeHyTy OAry H3 IlAeOJlZU. IIlKOBa, rra 3aTHM ca CHAHOM BOjCKOM o.n:e o.n: KYhe y.n:aAeKe 3eMlbe H CTHraBIIlH CBe .n:o XepaKAeje H HHKOMe.n:Hje, 6eIIle PyCI(U Klie3 6 . h M Hzop nozulie 00 rrOpa:>KeH y OJY· Ha rroBpaTKY KY H, rrorHHY o.n: PYKe aApYKe opee- .n:HTa, KHe3a .n:peBlbaHCKHX CAoBeHa, y MecTy 3BaHOM KoJbaliCKOZ Klie3a peCT, r.n:e H .n:aHac Ae:>KH caxpalbeH. HaKOH O'leBe CMPTH, ManOuma. IberoB CHH BpaTocAaB, 6y.n:yhH JOIIl YBHjeK .n:eTe y KOAeBU;H, TaKo U OIiU He 6ejaIIle y CTalbY BAa,n;aTH KpalbeBCTBOM, Te MajKa OAra C1!oeeliu Koje yrrpaBlbaIIle 3eMlbOM YMeCTO Ibera. .llpeBlbaHH rrOCAarne K Keulim Kyp- IbOj .n:Ba.n:eCeT H3aCAaHHKa, Tpa:>KehH O.n: Ibe .n:a Y3Me 3a l&uje 30ee CI(U- MY:>Ka IbHXOBOr KHe3a MaA.ZJ:HTa. OAra HaAO:>KH .n:a ce 3apo6e mu, nOCllawe H3aCAaHHU;H H rroKorrajy :>KHBH Te, rrpe HO IIlTO ce rrpo'ly < oeaoecem U3aCllaliUKa rAac 0 TOMe, rrOCAa O.n:Max cBoje rrOKAHCape .llpeBlbaHHMa, C A.n.eKcaliopy rropYKOM .n:a, :>KeAe AH je 3a CBOjy KHerHlbY, He OKAeBajy, BeJlUKOM. Hero rrOIIlalbY JOIIl H3aCAaHHKa H rrAeMeHHTHjera po.n:a. 92 LlpeBlbaHH joj CMeCTa rrOCAaIIle JOIIl rre.n:eceT lby.n:H H3a6paHHx Mel)y HajcAaBHHjHMa H HajrrAeMeHHTHjHMa H3 IbHXOBor Hapo.n:a. Ka.n: rrpHCTHroIIle K OArH, OHa Hape.n:H .n:a 6y.n:y 3aTBopeHH y TaMHHll;Y H TaMO HX :>KHBe CrraAHIIle. CMeCTa rrOCAa .llpeBlbaHHMa cBoje rrOKAHCape .n:a HX H3BecTe 0 IbeHOM .n:OAacKY H .n:a Hape.n:e .n:a ce rrpHrrpeMH Me.n:oBHHa H CBe .n:pyro HY:>KHO (rrpeMa IbHXOBHM 06H'lajHMa) 3a rrorpe6HY CBe'laHOCT IbeHOM MPTBOM MY:>KY. CTHraBIIlH y LlpeBlbaHCKY, o.n:eHe ce y U;PHHHY H rrpHpe.n:H 3a CBora MY :>Ka CBe'laHe 3a.n:yrnHHu;e 3a BpeMe KOjHX orrH .llpeBlbaHe H rro6H HX rreT XHlha,n;a. HaKOH Tora ce CMeCTa BpaTH y KHjeB H rroCTpojH cBoje lby.n:e, .n:a 6H HX 3aTHM rrOBeAa y rroxo.n: rrpOTHB .llpeBlbaHa. 3arro.n:eHYBIIlH 60j C IbHMa, rro6e.n:H HX, 178 a OHH KOjH ce ycrreIIle CrraCHTH 6eKCTBOM yl)oIIle y rpa,n; H TaMO ce 3aTBOpHIIle. OAra HX .n:p:>KaIIle rro.n: OrrCa,n;OM 'lHTaBHX ro.n:HHY .n:aHa, HO KOHa'lHO rroCTHroIIle CrrOpa3YM, rro KOMe OHH H3 rpa,n;a o6ehaIIle OArH YMeCTO .n:aRKa .n:aTH TpH rOAy6Hu;e H HCTO TOAHKO Bpa6au;a 3a CBaK:y KYhy y rpa.n:y. TeK IIlTO joj 6H rrpe.n:aH pe'leHH .n:aHaK, OAra Hape.n:H .n:a ce rro.n: KpHAa rOAy6Hu;a H Bpa6au;a rrpHBe:>KY :>KHIIlKe 3a BaTpOMeT H 3aTHM rrYCTH rrTHu;e Ha CAo6o.n:y. OHe ce BpaTHIIle CBOjHM .n:OMOBHMa, a He.n:yro rrOTOM OHH :>KHIIlU;H H3a3BaIIle BaTpy y KOjOj H3rojeIIle roTOBO CBe KYhe. lby.n:HMa y rpa.n:y He rrpeOCTa .n:pyro Hero H3ahH H3 rpa,n;a, Te TaKO rra,n;OIIle y 3apo6lbeHHIIlTBO, a OAra OMyqH .n:a 6y.n:y .n:eAOM y6HjeHH, a .n:eo IbHX 3a,n;p:>Ka Kao po60Be. OCBOjHBIIlH Ha Taj Ha'lHH CBe 3eMlhe Koje 6ejaxy y rroce.n:y .llpeBlbaHa H 06HAHO HM ce OCBeTHBIIlH 3a MY:>KeBY CMPT, BpaTH ce y KHjeB. HaKOH HeKor BpeMeHa o.n:e y KOHCTaHTHHorrOlb, 3a BpeMe BAa,n;aBHHe u;apa J OBaHa UHMHCKa, Te ce TaMO KpCTH H rrpOMeHH HMe OAra y JeAeHa. Uap je KpalbeBCKH .n:apOBa, HaKOH 'lera ce BpaTH KYhH. PyCH je ycrropel)yjy ca CYHu;eM, jep TaKO KaKO CYHu;e CBOjHM 3paKaMa o6acjaBa CBeT, TaKO My.n:pa H pa360pHTa OAra xpHIIlhaHCKOM BepOM rrpOCBeTAH KpalbeBHHY PyCHjy. HaKOH OArHHe CMPTH, 3aBAa,n;a Ibe3HH CHH CBaTOCAaB, KOjH Ha Maj'lHHOM Tpary HCTpaja y xpHIIlhaHCKOM MHAOCpl)y H rrOIIlTOBaibY Bora. Ka,n; H OH YMpe, HaCAe.n:H ra CHH IberOB BAa,n;HMHP KOjH o.n:cTyrrH o.n: 3arrOBe.n:H BO:>KHjHX H rrOHOBHO YBe.n:e H.n:OAOrrOKAOHCTBO rro.n:H:>KYhH MHOIIlTBO H.n:OAa y KHjeBcKoM Kpajy. npBH ce o.n: THX KYMHpa 3BaIIle nEPO H HMaIIle cpe6pHY rAaBY, .n:OK .n:pyrH 6ejaxy Ha'lHlbeHH o.n: .n:pBeTa, a HMeHa HM 6ejaxy YCAAJ1., XOPC, ,llACBA (.lla:>K.ll:6or), CTPI1B (CTpH6or), CI1 MAPrA, MAKOIli H KYMI1PI1. BAa,n;HMHP rrOCTa,n;e rocrro .n:ap 'lHTaBe PycHje. BAa,n;HMHP .n:a,n;e rrory6HTH cBoja .n:Ba 6paTa, JeporroAKa H OAera, Te rrOCTa TaKO HeOrpaHH'leHH rocrro.n:ap 'lHTaBe PycHje. .llol)oIIle Ta,n;a K IbeMY H3aCAaHHU;H pa3HHx Hapo.n:HocTH H CBaKH ra o.n: IbHX Hyl)aIIle .n:a rrpHcryrrH IberoBoj BepH. Yrro3HaBIIlH pa3HOAHKOCT Bepa, rrOCAa cBoje H3aCAaRHKe .n:a BH.n:e H yrro3Hajy cBojcTBa H 06H'laje CBaKOr o6pe.n:a HAH Bepe. O.n:a6PaBIIlH Ha Kpajy H3Mel)y CBHX Bepa xpHIIlhaHcTBo rro rp'lKOM o6pe.n:y H o.n: AyqaH y HaMepH .n:a ra rrpHxBaTH, rrOCAa cBoje rroKAHcape y KOHCTaRTHHOrrOlb u;apeBHMa BacHAHjy H KOHCTaHTHHY C o6ehaibeM .n:a he 3aje.n:Ho ca CBHM CBOjHM Hapo.n:oM rrpHXBaTHTH xpHIIlhaHcTBo H BpaTHTH KopcYH H CBe rp'lKO IIlTO .n:p:>KaIIle y CBOM rroce.n:y, y 3aMeHY 3a u;apeBO o6ehalbe .n:a he MY .n:aTH CBOjy cecTpy AHY 3a :>KeHy. nOCTHraBIIlH IIlTO je TPa:>KHO, 6H o.n:pel)eHo BpeMe H MeCTO r.n:e he 6HTH CKAOIIlheH yrOBOP, Te ce o6e CTpaHe caCTaIIle y KopcYHY, r.n:e ce BAa,n;HMHP rrOKpCTH H .n:06H HMe BaCHAHje. HaKOH 179 O.nza 06UJ1.li0 oceemu CMpm ceozaMY:lK:a Hzopa. O.nza oceoju 3e.MJby JI,pe8Jbalia. Kpcmu ce U npoMeliu UMe. B.!!aoUMup yeoOu uooJto nol(JtOlicmeo y Pycujy. PyCKU KyMUpU. 93 lbyou UM npuliocuwe :lK:pmee. )f(eJlU yn03liamu pa3lie eepe U 3amo WaJbe U3aCllaIiUKa. Kpcmu ce U npOMeliU UMe.
""""" BeH'laIba BpaTii rpnHMa KOPCYH H ,n;pyra MeCTa, KaKO je o6enao, Te O,n;pe,n;H KHjeB sa rrpeCTOHHUY, y HOBrOpO.llY rrOCTaBH Ha,n;6HCKYrra, a ,n;pyrHM rpa,n;OBHMa ,n;a,n;e ffiHXOBe 6HCKYrre, Koje 6ejalIIe rrOCBeTHO KOHCTaHTHHorrOIbCKH rraTpHjapx. O,n; Tor ce BpeMeHa PyCH CTaMlO rrpH,n;p2K8.Bajy rp'lKOr o6pe,n;a. TImlle AaM6epTYC XepccpeNJ:eHHCHC, KOjH rrpe 500 ro,n;HHa caCTaBH HCTOPHjy repMaHHje, ,n;a rrpBH rryT 960. ro,n;HHe ,n;ooollIe napy OTOHy rrOKAHCapH pycKora Hapo,n;a C MOA6oM ,n;a HM rrOIlIaIbe 6HCKYrra KOjH ne yqeffieM CBOjHM H rrporroBe,n;HMa paIlIHpHTH Meoy ffiHMa xpHIlInaH3a6Ayoa cKY Bepy, Te HM nap rrOCAa A,zJ;aA6epTa, KOjH saTHM je,n;Ba AaM6epmyca Xepc(j>eJ! oeficuca. yTeKHY o,n; lDHX AaM6epTYc Bapa, crraIlIaBajynH rOAH 2KHBOT. Ho TY ce OCHM aKO He Tpe6a 'lHTaTH PHreH HAH PyjaH YMeCTO PyCHja. HaHMe. A,zJ;aA6epT He 6ejallIe 'iex, Hero repMaH, rrpBH 6HCKYrr Mar,n;e6ypra, Kojera OTOH saje,n;HO C ,n;pyrHx rreT 6HCKYrra 6ejallIe o,n;pe,n;HO CAOBeHHMa HaCTaIbeHHM y TO BpeMe y CacKoj H Ha PyjaHY, KaKO rrHllIe CBellITeHHK XeAMONJ:. ,lla je Meoy PyCHMa rrporrOBe,n;ao A,zJ;aA6epT, OHH 6H rrpHXBaTHAH PHMCKH o6pe,n;, a He rp'lKH. OBor rrOCAe,n;lDer ce, MeOyTHM (KaKO peKOCMO) PyCH jOllI H ,n;aH,n;aHac rrpH,n;p}KaBajy. lbHXOB KHes ,n;aHac HOCH (KaKO HaMoB pyclCUX rrHIlIe Xep6epllITajH) CAe,n;enH HaCAOB: BeAHKH rocrro,n;ap X:fie;>ICeBa. HaIlI MHAOIlIny EO}KjOM BeAHKH H rocrro,n;ap 'lHTaBe 94 PyCHje, BeAHKH BojBo,n;a o,n; BAa,n;HMHpHje, MocKoBHje, HOBropO.n;a, TIcKoBa, CMOAeHCKa, TBepa, JyrapHje, TIepMHje, BjaTKe H EyrapcKe HT,n;., Te rocrro,n;ap H BeAHKH BojBo,n;a HH}KlDer HOBropo,n;a. 'iepHHrOBa. Pja3aHa, BOAoxHje, PyCKOBa, EeAaje, POCTOBa, JapOCAaBa, EjeAosope, Bo,n;alDe, 06,n;opHje, Ko,n;HHHje HT,n;. PyCH H3 KpOMepe (KaKO rrpHrrOBe,n;a BarpHeHCKH y 2. KffiHSH) , rrAoBenH CeBepHHM MopeM, rrpe oTrrpHAHKe 107 ro,n;HHa HaDOllIe y OHHM MopHMa OCTPBO ,n;OTa,n; HerrosHaTo, < a HaCTalDeHO CAOBeHCKHM Hapo,n;oM. To je OCTpBO (KaKo H3 Aa}Ke <PHAHrr KaAHMax CBeTOM rrarrH HHoneHTY VIII) rro,ll;AO }KaH H ocyoeH Ha Be'lHY XAa,n;Hony H Be'lHH Ae,n;. 30BY ra Pycu cy <PHAOrro,n;Hja, a BeAH'lHHOM Ha,n;MallIyje KHrrap. Ha HOBHjHM o",:X:Pl.U1.U SeMIbOrrHCHMa BH,n;HMa 03Ha'laBajy ra HMeHOM HOBaja HOBYlY 3e.M.lby. 3eMIha. HaKOH crrOMeHa OBor OCTpBa, He rrpeoCTaje HaM (KOAHKO ja BHllIe HH je,n;Ha 3eMIba HaCTalDeHa CAOBeHHMa KOjy HHCMO Ben crrOMeHYAH, aKO He rrOTaHKO, a OHO 6apeM yorrllITeHO. Ho rrpe HO IlITO rrpeoeMO Ha ,n;pyre Hapo,n;e, KOjH CBH rrpHrra,n;axy HCTOj CAOBeHcKoj HanHjH, rrpeM,n;a cy HSYMpAH, 'lHHH MH ce HY2KHHM rrosa6aBHTH ce rrOpeKAOM H TYMa'lelDeM HMeHa CAOBeHH HAH CAOBHHH, a Koje HHje 6allI TaKO CTapo. TIPBH KOjH ra crrOMHlDe (KaKO Sa6eAe}KHIlIe pa3HH aYTopH) 6eIlIe TIpoKorrHje HS Ue3apeje, KOjH rrpe 1070. ro,n;HHe orrHca paT napa JYCTHHHjaHa C rOTHMa. HcTO TaKO Jop,n;aHec AAaH, rOTOBO TIpoKorrHjeB 180 caBpeMeHHK, sarrHca HMe CAOBeHH, jacHo rroKasyjynH KaKO y lDerOBO ,n;o6a TO HMe 6HllIe HOBO, yrrpKoc TOMe IlITO EjOH ,n;o CTOTHHy ro,n;HHa rrpe rrporraCTH PHMCKora UapCTBa HarrHca CBOjy HCTOPHjy Y KOjOj ce 6aBH s6HBaffiHMa Koja ce cMellITajy y BpeMe CTOTHHY ro,n;HHa rrpe BAa,n;aBHHe XoHopHja H ApKa,n;Hja H y KOjOj crrOMHffie CAOBeHe. Ho ja BepyjeM ,n;a je rrpBH KOjH je 3arrHcao HMe CAOBeHH 6HO TIToAeMej HS AAeKCaH,n;pHje, KOjH y CBOj OCMH rrperAe,n;HH rrorrHC yBpIlITaBa CAOBeHe, HCKBapeHO HX Ha3HBajyhH CYAaHH, a CMeIlITa HX y eBporrcKY CapMaTHjy Kpaj <PHHana, KOjH TaKOoe 6ejaxy CAOBeHCKora po,n;a, KaKO TBp,n;e MeAaHXTXOH rrpeMa TanHTY H A6paxaM OpTeA y CBOjOj CHHOHHMHjH. TIjeTPO Map'leAO y TIopeKAY BapBapa Ha3HBa HX CHAaHH H Ka}Ke ,n;a ce pa,n;H 0 Hapo,n;HMa Koje caBpeMeHHnH SOBY CKjaBoHHMa. Y rrpOllIAOCTH TO HMe 6ellIe sacHrypHo CHAHO HCKBapeHO H Ha pa3AH'lHTe Ha'lHHe rrHcaHO. HaHMe rpnH. He MoraBllIH ,n;OKyqHTH SHa'leffie HMeHa CAOBeHH HAH CAaBHHH, HCKpHBHIlIe TO y CKAaBHHH, a HTaAHjaHH y CKAaBH. Ta ce rrorpeIlIKa rroTajHo YSyKAa H Y HeKe rrpHMepKe TIpoKorrHja HS Uesapeje, Jop,n;aHeca H EjoH,ll;a. BepyjeM ,n;a je rrOTeKAa, aKO ce He BapaM, o,n; TaAHjaHa KOjH (KaKO rrHIlIe MapTHH KpOMep), ,n;OK HaCToje IlITO MHA03ByqHHje rOBopHTH H rHYllIajy ce rpy60r H3roBopa, 'leCTO HsroBapajy H YMecTO A, Te K~ cpHaTo YMecTo CPAaTYM H rrHanepe YMecAo IIAanepe. TaKo ce ,n;oro,n;HAO H ca CAaBo, Koje je rrOCTaAO CHaBo. OCHM Tora, KaKO KO,n; ffiHX rOTOBO H HeMa pa3AHKe aKO HeKO HsrOBopH CHaBO HAH CnHaBO, y6auyjynH CAOBO 11 H HsroBapajyhH CnaBO, MO)K,ll.a ce ,n;oro,n;HAo,n;a cy HeBellITH jeSHKY, }KeAehH ,n;a roBope HAH rrHllIy AaTHHCKH, YMeCTO ,n;a yrroTpe6e H rrpeBe.llY TO ca CAaBO, yrroTpe6HAH CnHaBO. HHje MH K TOMe TeIlIKO rrOBepOBaTH ,n;a ce TO ,n;Oro,n;HAO s60r HeHaKAOHOCTH HTaAHjaHa, Ha,n;aCBe OHHX KOjH HacTaffiyjy o6aAe Ja,n;paHcKor Mopa, 6Y.llYhH ,n;a HX CAoBeHH y rrpOIlIAOCTH CHAHO HaMyqHIlIe H roTOBO YHHIlITHIlIe. JaH ,lly6paBCKH cMaTpa ,n;a 6ejaxy rrp03BaHH CAOBeHH HAH CAOBHHH rrpeMa CAOBO, llITO KO,n; CapMaTa SHa'lH pe'l, a paSAor je TOMe IlITO capMaTCKH Hapo,n;H 6ejaxy pacrrpIlIeHH H pasaCyTH llIHPOKHM rrpOCTpaHCTBHMa, a rOBOpaxy CBH HCTHM jesHKoM H HsroBapaxy roTOBO HCTe pe'lH, Te CTora Ha,n;eHYllIe CBHMa TO HMe CAOBHHH. TIOTBPOyje TO H MapTHH KpOMep Ka,n;a Ka}Ke ,n;a cy CAOBHHH rrpOSBaHH TaKO rrpeMa CAOBO, Kao ,n;a HMe ffiHXOBO }KeAH penH ,n;a cy HCTHHOIby6HBH, rroCTojaHH H HerrOKOAe6IbHBH y o,n;p}KaBaffiY 3a,n;aHe pe'lH H 06enalDa. YHCTHHY, H ,n;aH-,n;aHaC je y TIoIbaKa H 'iexa sa CBaKY oCY.llY He HcrryHHTH o6enaffie sa,n;aHO (KaKO OHH rrOIlITeHOM pe'ljy, TaKO ,n;a he Iby,n;H ,n;o6pora po,n;a pa,n;Hje OTprreTH CBe Moryne HeBOIbe, rra 'laK H caMY CMpT, Hero rrora3HTH pe'l, 181 nmOAeM£j U3 Anex:cafiopuje npBusanuca UMe Mooeficx:o. 95 H.M.e MOBeficx:o uCX:Bapefio x:oo fielCUX aymopa. MUWJbefbe Jafia JI,y6paBcx:oz 0 UMefiY Cn.ooefiu .. KpO.M.epOBO .M.UWJbefbe. nOJbalJ,U U opyzu CAoBefiu oopJICaBajy cBoje o6u4.aje.
THM BHllle lllTO OCBeTa 3a Ty HenpaBAY npe,n.BHl)a He CaMO y,n.apIl.e PYKOM Hero H ynoTpe6y opy:>Kja. Ho, OCTaBlhajyhH HMe Cll08eHu no CTpaHH HaBe,n.eHa TyMa"leI-ba HMeHa CAOBeHH, K8.2KeM nomUtle 00 . . pe<iU C/Ul8a. MOHO HHJe nOTeKAO HH o,n. Je,ll.He ,n.pyre pe"lH HO o,n. pe"lH CAaBa, Te CAaBeH HAH CAaBOHaIl. He 3Ha"lH ,n.pyro ,n.o CAaBaH. 3aCAy:>KHBlllH nOlllTOBaIbe "leCTHM CBOjHM CAaBHHM n06e,n.aMa Ha,n. HenpHjaTelheM (0 "leMY CBe,n.O"lH MHOro oCBojeHHX KpalbeBCTaBa H nOKpajHHa), Taj Cp"laHH Hapo,n. npHnHca ce6H CAaBHO HMe HaCTaBKOM KOjH nOTH"le o,n. CAa96 Ba, KOjHM 3aBplllaBajy HMeHa nAeMHha H BeAHKallla, Kao lllTO cy CTaHHCAaB, BjeHIl.eCAaB, Aa,ll.HCAaB, 1l06pOCAaB, MUULlbelt>e Pa,ll.OCAaB, BOAeCAaB H ,n.pyra HMeHa HCTe KOHCTpYKIl.Hje. PajHepa nOTBpl)yjy TO MHOrH 036HlhHH ayTopH, Mel)y KojHMa H PajPajHelCa 0 Hep PajHeK y CBOM ,n.eAy 0 XeHeTHMa, r,n.e K8.2Ke ,n.a cy CAaCJtoeeHCICOM BeHH np03BaHH TaKO npeMa CAaBa, JKeAehH ce ynpaBo UMeH.y. CAaBOM HCTaKHyTH H3Mel)y OCTaAHX Hapo,n.a. PajHepa CAe,n.H MUULlbelt>e JepeMHja Pyc, KOjH ro,ll.HHe 1227. HanHca PyCKH AeTonHc, JepeMUje Pyea. Te onHcyjyhH je,n.aH oKplllaj Ha PYCKHM rpaHHIl.aMa 1118, OBHM pe"lHMa Ka3yje: Y ,n.06a Ka,ll. PycHja (K8.2Ke OH) 6ejallle Pycu y6ujajy H3MY"leHa YHyTpalllI-bHM pa3,n.0~HMa, ,n.ol)e Ha Hallle rpaKpyHOCJtaea. HHue KpYHOCAaB ca CHAHOM BOJCKOM CAOBeHa. YXBaTHllle ce OHH y KOlllTaIl. C HalllHMa H H3al)01lle H3 60ja Kao n06e,n. HHIl.H, HO ynpKoc TOMe KpYHOCAaB H je,n.aH I-beroB CHH H3 ry6Hllle TaMO lKHBOT, Te HX caxpaHHllle KO,n. TBpl)aBe 3BaHe Bojxa. Taj Hapo,n. BHllle nyTa onYCTOlllH Hallle rpaHHIl.e H nOKa3a BeAHKY OKPYTHOCT, npeM,n.a CMO 3anpaBO MH H OHH je,n.aH Te HCTH Hapo,n.. Hoce HMe CAaBeHH (KaKO BepyjeM H KaKO ca3HajeM H3 ,n.peBHor npe,n.aI-ba HalllHX npe,n.aKa) 360r MHOlllTBa n06e,n.a H CAaBHHX CBOjHX nO,n.yxBaTa. MOHax AHMOH H JOXaH ABeHTHHyC ,n.eAe TO JepeMHjHHo MHllllheI-be, jep He caMO ,n.a HX Ha3HBajy CAaBHHMa Hero, lllTaBHllle, BpAO nOlllTOBaHHMa H HajMohHHjHM Mel)y Hapo,n.HMa H3.·; ClloeeHu oPY.?K- repMaHHje. H3Mel)y OCTaAHX H MAeTa"lKH nHCaIl. BepHap,n.o jeM 3aCJty.?Kyjy 1)YCTHHHaHH OTBopeHO npH3Haje ,n.a CAaBeHH 3aCAy:>KHllle rna UMe. TO cBoje CAaBHO HMe opy:>KjeM. HaHMe, y 3. KI-bH3H cBoje HCTopHje BeHeIl.Hje OBaKO nHllle: Cp"laHH CAOBeHCKH Hapo,n. npo,n.pe Ta,ll.a npBH nyT y HCTPY H CBe ,n.o BpaTa BeHeIl.Hje. Taj Hapo,n. CKHTCKora nopeKAa, y,n.06a HaBaAe Tora H ,n.pyrHx Hapo,n.a Ha PHMCKO UapCTBo, opyJKjeM CTe"le CAaBHO HMe. Xpa6pH Taj Hapo,n., ,n.aKAe, Tpe6a 3BaTH CAOBeHCKHM HMeHOM H HH je,n.HHM ,n.pyrHM, Kao lllTO cy TO yqHHHAH H nOKa3aAH ,n.a TaKO Tpe6a "lHHHTH MHorH yqeHH lhy,n.H, Mel)y KojHMa CBelllTeHHK XeAMOA,ll., onaT APHOA,ll., JoxaH BepHep, CHrHCMYH,n. Xep6eplllTajH, reoprHj Ke,n.peH, JaH Xep6ypT, AAeKcaH,n.ap rBaI-bHH, P06epTo rBaHHO, JoxaH AeYHIl.AaBHYC, rHA6epT reHe6paH,ll.e, llaBH,n. XHTpeyC H Yro <l>yABOHHO. CBH OHH HX Y CBOjHM ,n.eAHMa He 30BY ,n.pyrHM HMeHOM ,n.o THM HMeHOM CAOBeHH. HaKO ce TO "lHHH 182 HOBHHOM, CAaBa 3aCAy:>KeHa Opy:>KjeM H y KpBH npHpo,n.Ha je H HaCAe,n.Ha CTBap KO,n. CAOBeHa. YOCTaAOM, 6ejaxy OHH npOCAaBlheHH y A3HjH. EBponH H ACPpHIl.H, a 6ejaxy TO BaH,ll.aAH, BypryH,n.H, rOTH, OCTPOroTH, BH3HroTH. renH,n.H, reTH, AAaHH, BepAH HAH XepyAH, ABapH, CKHPH, XHPH, MeAaHXAeHH, BaCTapHH, neBIl.H, lla"laHH, lIlBel)aHH, HopMaHH, <peHH HAH <PHHIl.H, YKpH HAH YHKpaHH, MapKoMaHH, KBa,ll.H, Tpa"laHH H I1AHPH, KOjH CBH npHrra.,n;axy HCTOM CAOBeHCKOM HapoAY H rOBopaxy HCTHM je3HKoM. Ka,n.a y nO"leTKY H3al)01lle H3 3aje,n.HH"lKe HM ,n.OMOBHHe CKaH,n.HHaBHje, HMaxy CBH (H3Y3eB I1AHpa H Tpa"laHa) je,n.HHCTBeHo HMe rOTH, Kao lllTO H3BelllTaBa <ppaHIl.HCK I1peHHKYC y 3. KI-bH3H, norAaBlhY 10, r,n.e K8.2Ke ,n.a cy AHTH, 3a Koje CMO nOKa3aAH ,n.a cy npeMa npoKonHjeBoM rrHCaI-bY rrpaBH CAoBeHH, 3anpaBO rOTH, npH "leMY HaBo,n.H Kao CBe,n.OKe A6Aa6Hja H Jop,n.aHeca. Y 1. KI-bH3H, norAaBlhY 42, HCTH Taj I1peHHK nHllle ,n.a o,n. rOTa nOTeKOllle CAOBeHH. AHTH, ABapH, CKHPH, AAaHH H ,n.pyrH, lllTO rroTBpl)yjy H A6Aa6Ho, Jop,n.aHec AAaH H naBeA BapHecppH,n.. npoKonHje y 1. KI-bH3H 0 BaH,n.aAHMa, nHlllyhH 0 BapBapHMa (KaKo HX OH 30Be) KOjH y BpeMe XOHopHja HacpHyllle Ha PHMCKO UapCTBo, K8.2Ke: rOTH 6ejaxy no,n.elheHH Ha MHOro Hapo,n.a, o,n. KOjHX cy HeKH Hlll"le3AH. Ho HajBehH cy H HajMohHHjH o,n. CBHX rOTH, BaH,n.aAH. BH3HroTH H renH,ll.H. y npOlllAOCTH n03HaTH rro,n. HMeHOM CapMaTH H MeAaHXAeHH. He He,n.oCTaje HH OHHX KOjH HX 30BY reTHMa, jep pa3AH"lHTa cy HM HMeHa, ,n.OK ce y CBeMY ,n.pyroM nOAY,n.apajy. CBeTAe cy nyTH, AYre nAaBe Koce, KpynHe rpal)e H yro,n.Ha H3rAe,n.a. nOTyjy HCTe 3aKOHe H CBH npHna.,n;ajy ApHjeBoM 06peAY, roBope HCTHM je3HKoM, KOjH ce 30Be rOTCKH, a (KaKo MH ce "lHHH) nOTeKOllle CBH o,n. je,n.Hora je,n.HHor Hapo,n.a, CaMO lllTO rrOTOM CTeKOllle pa3AH"lHTa HMeHa npeMa noje,n.HHHM CBOjHM BOjCKOBol)aMa. HHhHCPOp KaAHCT Y "leTBpToj KI-bH3H, nOrAaBlhY 56, 3aTHM <P. MapTHH, ayTop C8.2KeTKa PHMCKe HCTopHje H KOHa"lHO i\yqHO <paYHO Y 8. KI-bH3H, CAe,n.e y TOMe ilpoKonHjeBo MHllllheI-be. BYAYhH ,n.aKAe,n.a cy BaH,n.aAH npaBH rOTH, He MOJKe ce HerHpaTH ,n.a CAOBeHH HHCY TaKol)e je,n.aH Te HCTH Hapo,n. C rOTHMa, Ka,ll. CBH npOCAaBlheHH nHCIl.H KaJKY ,n.a BaH,n.aAH H CAOBeHH 6ejaxy HCTH Hapo,n.. Mel)y THM je nHCIl.HMa H BjOH,n.O. KOjH Y 1. KI-bH3H I. lleKa,n.e K8.2Ke: BaH,n.aAH, KOjHx HMe nOTje"le o,n. peKe BaH ,n.aA, 6ejaxy 3aTHM np03BaHH CAOBeHH. JoxaH MarHyc y 1. KI-bH3H nHllle ,n.a BaH,n.aAH H CAoBeHH 6ejaxy HCTH Hapo,n., Te ,n.a ce He pa3AHKYjy HH no "leMY ,n.pyroM HO HMeHOM. A,n.aM BpeMeHCKH y 2. KI-bH3H UpKBeHe HCTopHje K8.2Ke ,n.a CAoBeHH paHHje 6ejaxy BaH,ll.aAH. iljepcppaH"leCKO 1)aM6YMapH y 1. KI-bH3H nHllle: BapHecppH,n., Jop,n.aHec, MeTo,n. H I1peHHK Ha pa3HHM MeCTHMa TBp,n.e,n.a BaH,n.aAH BYKY H3 183 97 IIpoCJtaeJbeHu cy y Eeponu, Asuju U AcjJpuyu. Pa3He Hapoo Hoemu CJtooeH clCozpooa. CJ!oeeHU Hanywmajy ClCaHOuHaeujy noo UMeHOM romu. romu npaeu CJ!oeeHu. ClloeeHu nomuliY 00 roma. romu, BaHoa.nu. BU3uzomu u renuOu HelCao ceseaxy CapMamu. IIowmyjy ucme salCOHe. IIomelCowe ceu 00 ucmOl Hapooa. BaHoa.nu ey CJ!oeeHu. BaHOa.nu ce 00 CJ!OeeHa paMUlCyjy eaMO UMeHOM. 98 IIpe06umHa h.nnnOlUIITnn
-- )];aBHHX BpeMeHa nOpeKAO 0)]; rOTa, HaKO 3aTHM, KaKO ce Mo:m:e 3aKlby<!HTH H3 HCTOPHjCKHX KfbHra, nOCTallie BeAMKH HenpHjaTelhH rOTa. HaCTaBlha 3aTHM H Ka:m:e: TBp)];e TaKobe )];a BaH)];aAH HaCTafl,aBaxy oHaj )];eo repMaHHje r)];e ce npa06UmHQ 60paautuma )];aHaC HaAa3e MopaBcKa, illAecKa, "4:eIlIKa, llolhcKa H PyBaHOaJ!a. cHja, Kao H ceBepHe 06aAe repMaHHje H jy:m:HO CBe )];0 I1cTpe H CAaBoHHje, a Kao )];OKa3 THM CBOjHM TBp)];lhaMa HaBO)];e )];a ce y CBHM cnoMeHYTHM nOKpajHHaMa roBOPH je )];aH Te HCTH je3HK. lloTBpbyjy TO H AA6ePT KpaHIl- y npe,ll; roBOPY CBOjOj CacKoj (HCTOPHjH) H lleTpH CYCPPH)];H KOjH Y BQHOaJ!U 2. KlbH3H OBaKO nHllIe: )1peBHe BaBapIl-e HCTepallie C fbHomepajy XOBe 3eM!he MapKOMaHH, O)];HOCHO BaH)l;aAH, KOjH H )];aH MapI!;OMaH.e. )];aHaC )];p:m:e y CBOjOj BAaCTH "4:ellIK)'. "4:ecH cy. HaHMe. BaHlfecu cy )];aAH, a 3601' )];peBHOr HMeHa nOKpajHHe Ha3HBajy ce BaBQHOaJ!U. BapIl-HMa OHH KojH paHHje 6ejaxy MapKOMaHH H yonlliTe BaH)l;aAH. Je)];HHCTBeH HM je3HK )];OKa3yje )];a ce pa,ll;H 0 je)]; HOM je)];HHOM Hapo)l;y. HelliTO )];a!he y HCToj KlbH3H HaCTaBlha H Ka:m:e: BeCTcpaAIl-H H OCTCPaAIl-H 6ejaxy BaH)];aAH, n03- BQHOQJ!C~je HaTH H no)]; HMeHOM BaAH, jep BaH)];aAH HeMaxy je)];HO Hapoo HQjaehu . h Y rep;w.QHUju. ]e,nHHO noce6HO HMe, Beu HX 3Baxy pa3HHM HMeHHMa, TO jeCT BaH)];aAH, BeHe)];H, BeH)];H, XeHeTH, BeHeTH, BHHHTH, 3eM.1be CAOBeHH H KOHa"IHO BaAH. npeMa CaKCY rpaMaTHK)'cy. sayseme 00 XeAMONfjT, EHejH CHABHjy, KpaHIl-Y, I1peHHK)', PajHeK)', AaBaHOaJ!Q. 6 Il-Y H MHorHMa ,npyrHMa. lloce Ha lbHXOBa HMeHa, C 063HPOM Ha lbHXOBY 6pOjHOCT H pa3HOAHKOCT, HHje Hy:m:HO OB,ne HaBo,nHTH, jep ce MOry HanH KO)]; nOMeHYTHX ayTopa. OCHM Tora, HH je,naH 0)]; Hapo,na HaCTalbeHHX y repMaHHjH He 6ellIe TaKO BeAHKH nonyT BaH)];aACKOra, KOjH IlIHpOKHM npoCTpaHCTBHMa A3Hje, AcpPHKe H EBpone pa3acy cBoja Hacelha. Y EBponH BaH,naAH 3aY3ellIe 0)]; ceBepa npeMa jyry "IHTaB Kpaj KOjH ce npOTe:m:e H3Meby repMaHCKor Mopa H Cpe,n03eMlha. CTora MOCKOBlhaHH, PyCH, llOlhaIl-H, "4:eCH. < "4:epKe3H, )1aAMaTHHI1-H, I1CTPaHH, XpBaTH, BOCaHIl-H, Byra pH, PallIaHH H MHorH ,npyrH, ycnpKOc pa3AMKaMa y HMeHY, CBH 3anpaBO npHna,ll;ajy HCTOM BaH,naACKOM Hapo)l;y. )10 Ka3 je TOMe H fbHXOB je3HK, KOjH HM je CBHMa 3aje)];HW-IKH. 99 Ty ce saYCTaBlha CYCPPH)];HjeBa npwm. AA6epT KpaHIl-, He 6H AM nOKa3ao KaKO cy CAOBeHH H BaH)];aAH HCTH HapO)];, He sOBe ax ,npyrHM HMeHOM Hero BaH)];aAH, IlITO ce BH,QH y lberoBoj BaH,naAHjH H CacKoj. )1oKa3 sa TO npy:m:a TaKobe Pycu s60z CHrHcMYH)]; Xep6epllITajH y CBOjOj MOCKOBHjH, Ka,ll;a npH .Meoyc06Hwc nOBe,na cAe,neny sro)l;y Koja ce HaAaSH H y PyCKOM AeTonH pasW1.Q.')/(e~Q cy. He MoraBIliH ce HHKaKO CAO:m:HTH OKO Hs60pa HOBOI' npwcaamQjy • 6..I!acm KHe3a, PyCH nOCAallie no HaMeCHHKe y BarpHJY. BaH)];aACKH BaHoa.na. rpa,ll; H npHna,ll;ajyny My nOKpajHHY y npOIliAOCTH Ha BeAMKOM rAacy, KOjH cy CMellITeHH y 6AMSHHH AH6eKa H XOAIlITHHCKor BojBO)];CTBa. BaH,naAH, y TO BpeMe BpAO MonHH, a y3 TO HCTora jeSHKa, 06H"Iaja H Bepe Kao PyCH, nOCAallie 184 OBHMa TpH 6paTa, 0,na6paHa HSMeby Haj60lhHX H HajMonHHjax BaH)];aACKHX My:m:eBa. Bejaxy TO PyPHK, CHHaB H Tpysop; PyPHK ,n06H Y noce,n HOBropO,n, CHHaB (CHHeyc) ce YCTOAH"IH Ha BeAOM jesepy, a TpYBOPY npHna,ll;e KHe:m:eBHHa llAecKoBHja ca ce,nHIliTeM y rpa)l;y CBOTIl-exy. HH lleTep ApToneyc llOMepaHaIl- He o,nBaja HH Ha KOjH Ha"IHH BaH)l;aAe o,n CAoBeHa, Te OBaKO nHllie MHHHCTepy: KaKO peKOCMo, y Kpajy MeKAeH6ypry, )l;y:m: 06aAe Ha nOTesy o,n XOASaIl-Hje ,no AHBoHHje, :m:HBlhallie je)];aH je,nHHH BaH)l;aACKH HAM CAOBeHCKH HapO)];. YrAe)]; TaKO OS6HlhHHX H rAaCOBHTHX nHCaIl-a )];OnyIIITa HaM ,na CA060)];HO saKlhY"IHMO KaKO rOTH, BHSHroTH, renH,QH, BaH,naAH H reTH npHna,ll;axy je,nHHCTBeHOMY CAOBeHCKOM Hapo)l;y. Y CBPXY ,na!her nOTKpenlhefba Tora, HaBe2Kh.y OB)];e HeKe 0)]; pe"IH Koje ce HaAase y 2. KlbHSH KapAa HS BarpHeHa H y 11. KlbHSH AaIl-oBOj, a Koje (KaKo HSBelliTaBajy HaBe,neHH ayTOpH) 6ejaxy KopHllIneHH KO,n ,npeBHHx BaH)l;aAa. PE"4:I1* (BaH)];aACKe, CAOBeHCKe H HTaAHjaHcKe BepHo npeMa Op6HHHjy, *npeeoo oooam 00 npupeoueatta oe02 usoalUa) BaH)];aACKe ruzie stal vuich pechar cachel culich kamora klach baba ptach kobyla krug lisy golubo klicz zumby potokh kastan czysti koczka czetron klynoti kuchas safran CAOBeHCKe ruse stol vik pehar cotol kulich camara klak baba ptich kobyla krug plisy golub kgliuc zuby potok costagn cisti macka cetrun klonuti kuhac ciafran HTaAHjaHcKe rose sede perpetuo bicchiero caldara calice camera calcina ava ucello cavalla cerchio calvo colombo chiave denti torrente castagno casto gato cedro chinare cucinaro ciafrano l85 npeBO)]; py:m:e CTO, ce,nHIliTe BeK,Be"IaH nexap KOTao KaAe:m: (nexap) c06a Kpe"I 6a6a nTHIl-a K06HAa Kpyr neAaB roAy6 Klhy<! Sy6H nOTOK KeCTeH "IHCTH Ma"IKa, KOTKa Il-HTpOH KAOHYTH K)'Xap,K)'Bap llIacppaH 100
scarlet scarlat scarlato CKepAeT sestra sestra sorella ceCTpa scoda scoda danno IIIKO,ll.H, IIITeTa maluasy maluasia malvasia MaABa3Hja plamen plamen fuoco IIAaMeH dyl dil parte ,ll.HO,,ll.eO dvuaziuo duoiestuo duoi ,ll.Boje perla perla perla rrepAa pflaster implastar impiastaro :rm:,OCHapTO pavu paun pavone rraYH pust pusto eremo rrycTOIII med med mele Me,ll. brat brat fratello 6paT stati stati stare CTaTH rabota rabota fatica pa60Ta mogu mogu posso MOry milikno mlieko latte MAeKO, MAe'IHO stuol stuol mensa CTO(A) okruzij kruzy interiori OKppKeHH suuynie suigna porco CBHH>a mlady mlad giovane MA8,ll. tele tele vitello TeAe volk vuk lupo ByK ziena zena moglie JKeHa, cyrrpyra teta teta zia TeTa chvaly huala gloria XBaAa , CAaBa kurvua kurva meretrice KYPBa kila kila hernia KHAa strach strah paura CTpax zima zima freddo 3HMa pero pero penna rrepo sledovuaty sliedouati imitare CAe,ll.HTH dynia digna anguria ,ll.HH>a pitati pitati domandare rrHTaTH plyge pluchia pulmone IIAyha chizipati chihati stemutare KHjaTH pakole pachole putto ,ll.e'IaK (rroKOAeH>e) matiti mlatiti battere MAaTHTH czerzi cetiri quattro 'IeTHpH strossati strossati far al torno cTpyraTH piet pet cinque rreT mayti myti lavare MHTH korzen korien radice KopjeH klatiti klatiti crollare KAaTHTH razlog raslog ragione pa3Aor dropati darpati radere ,ll.prraTH,,ll.p06HTH kolo kolo rota KOAO,TO'IaK pithi piti bevere rrHTH lopata lopata pala AorraTa lagithi laiati latrare AajaTH tma trna tenebre TaMa, yTpHyTH kriti kriti nascondere KPHTH tepli toplo tepido TorrAH schergiti siati seminare cHjaTH boty biecve calzette 'Iaparre,06YTH zalogi zaloghi insidie 3aAOr grom grom tuoni rpOM kost kost osso KOCT prosach prosiak mendico rrpocjaK tobole tobolaz borsa T060AaIl.,TOp6a brod brod barca 6po,ll. masdra mesgra intestini Me3rpa, je3rpo tuti tucchi pestare TyhH • < boy boy pugna 60j chtiti htiti volere XTeTH koblanch klobuch capello KA06YK vule voglia volonta BOlba hruscha kruscha pero KpyIIIKa hora gora monte ropa plin pun pieno rryH vuasate vesati ligare Be3aTH olobo olouo piombo OAOBO svuager suak cognato IIIOrop, cBojTa lepsi liepsci piii bello AerrIIIH loter lotar codardo KYKaBHIl.a prut prut verga rrpyT gladkhi gladki liscio rAaTKH muy moi mio MOj lechchy lachscij leggiero AaKH tisytz tissuchia mille THcyha, XHlb8,ll.a levu lav leone AaB dyeliti dieliti dividere JJjeAHTH libo gliubau amore lby6aB vuoliti volieti eleggere BOAeTH buchvuize buchviza libro KH>Hra, 6YKBHIl.a zvuati zvati chiamare 3BaTH vvedro vedro sereno Be,ll.pO tenczouuati tanczouati guidare balio TaHIl.aTH ssilhan lihan sguercio pa3pOK zhuchar zuchar zuccaro 3axap, IIIehep mez mac spada Ma'I mincze minza moneta HOB'IHh mistr mestar maestro MajcTop myss mysc giro puh mule mlin molino MAHH mucha muha mosca MYBa 186 187 101
balio IIAec malinconico ceTaH tanecz truhy saumar lost grob smitti vunach gnysti snych novuy nagy vuoda ztrevuicz dar klap plavuiti praczovuati plesati tlaiziti plachta postdye prositi miziati kada boditi schornia vualiti sedil siti vuiter dol bieda placz kuchinie lyd mus poczvuati svuanti pasti tribuch sobota opuchh 102 rozum sechyra sediate teneta tenchhy tanaz truhauo kramar suietlost grob smiati vnuch gnyesdo snig nouy nago voda zrevic dar hlap plauiti prazouati plesati tlaCiti plato poslye prositi misciati kuda bosti scorgne vuagliati sedlo siati vietar dol bieda plaZa kuhinia gliudi musc pociuati sveti pasti tarbuh subota opach razum sechyra sedieti tonoti tanchy 188 mulatiero luce sepoltura ridere nipote nido neve novo nudo acqua scarpe dono famiglio navigare attendere alla prole calcare conculcare lenzuolo poi dimandare orinare coda ficcare stivali voltare sedia seminare vento valle infortunio piazza cucina popoli marito pausare santo pascere ventre sabato obliquo ragion manarra sedere aguati sottile Ma3rap CBeTAOCT rp06 cMHjaTH ce yHyK rHHje3,ll;O cHHjer HOBHjH Har BO,ll;a "lepBylhe ,ll;ap XAaneu: IIAOBHTH O,ll;rajaTH ,ll;eu:y rau:aTH TAa"lHTH IIAaxTa, nAaIIIT nOTOM npocHTH MO"laTH peII 60CTH,60,ll;e "lH3Me oKpeHyTH ce Ce,ll;MO cHjaTH BeTap ,ll;OA(HHa) 6e,ll;a Tpr,IIAau: KYXHlba lhy,ll;H M~ nO"lHBaTH CBeTau: naCTH Tp6yx cy60Ta KOC pa3yM ceKHpa Ce,ll;eTH 3aCe,ll;a TaHaK ""..,.. truba trubgna tromba Tpy6a vuidieti vidieti vedere BH,ll;eTH vudovuecz vdovaz vedovo y,ll;OBau: vuyno vyno vino BHHO vncza vncia onza yHu:a desna desna destra ,ll;eCHa dum dom casa ,ll;OM lug lug bosco Ayr pochoy pochoy riposo nOKoj navuchyer nauchyer nocchiero HaBHraTop navavu novo nolo HajaM nevuiesta neviesta sposa HeBjecTa pogiti poyti abbeverare HanojHTH pisati pisati scriver IIHcaTH nass nasc nostro HaIII To cy ,ll;aKAe pe"lH ,ll;peBHHX BaH,ll;Ma, a CBe cy yje,ll;HO H CAOBeHCKe, Kao UlTO TO H jaKo ,ll;o6po cXBaTajy OHH KOjH IIo3Hajy je3HK. CTora ce CA060,ll;HO MO}Ke pehH H 6e3 cYMlbe 3aKlbyqHTH KaKo rOTH, OCTPOroTH. BH3HroTH, renH)l;H, reTH H BaH,ll;aAH 6ejaxy pO,ll;a H je3HKa CAOBeHCKora. YCTO, TIpoKoIIHje H3 Ue3apeje, KOjH je CY,ll;eAOBaO y BeAM3apoBHM nOXO,ll;HMa IIpOTHB rOTa H HMao npHAHKe pa3rOBapaTH ca CBHM THM HapO,ll;HMa, npH3Haje ,ll;a cy CBH HCTor pO,ll;a H HCTor je3HKa KOjH ce, KaKO OH Ka}Ke, 30Be roTCKH. 0 nopeKAy AAaHa IIHcao je H TIeTap Kpy36ep y CBOM ,ll;eAY 0 CeBeplbaU:HMa; Ka}Ke TaMO ,ll;a 6ejaxy HapO,ll; BeHe,ll;CKH HAM CAOBeHCKH. MCTO TBp,ll;H H MaTHja MjexoBHTa y 1. KlbH3H, IIorAaBlhY 13, Ka)l;a Ka}Ke ,ll;a AAaHH, BaH,ll;aAH, CBeBH H EypryH,ll;H 6ejaxy HapO,ll;H H3 TIolhcKe H,ll;a roBOPHAM cy HCTHM IIOlhCKHM HAH CAOBeHCKHM je3HKoM. TIOTBpbyje TO TaKobe H JepeMHja Pyc y CBOM AeToIIHcy. TIpeMa TIjepcPpaH "lecKY oaM6yAaPHjy H <PPaHU:HCKY MpeHHKY, qecH IIOTeKOIIIe YIIpaBo O,ll; AAaHa, Koje KapAO H3 BarpHeHa y 2. KlbH3H Ha3HBa CAOBeHCKHM HapO,ll;OM. Meby CAOBeHe ce y6pajajy (KaKO H3BeIIITaBajy Kpy36ep y 1. KlbH3H H AA6epT KpaHU: y 1. K1bH3H, norAaBlhY 22) TaKobep H BepAM. Y 3. KlbH3H BarpHeHcKH nHIIIe ,ll;a je y <PpaHKcPYPTY npoHaIIIao PYKOIIHC ayropa KOjH IIHrnyhH 0 repMaHHjH jacHo IIoKa3yje ,ll;a cy BepAH CAoBeHH, a Pa)l;H ce 0 TaKO cTapoM aYTopy, Kao IIITO ce MO}Ke 3aKlbyqHTH H3 lberoBor ,ll;eAa, ,ll;a je CBOjHM O"lHMa BH,ll;eO nOTOMKe BepAa. AA6epT KpaHU: y 1. K1bH3H 0 BaH ,ll;aAHjH ,ll;OKa3yje MHOIIITBOM pa3Aora KaKO XepYAM HAM BepAM 6ejaxy CAOBeHCKH nYK. CBeIIITeHHK XeAMOA,ll. OTKAaIba CBaKY CYMlbY 0 TOMe, jep Meby CAOBeHe C BeHe,ll;CKOr Mopa YBpIIITaBa H BepAe KOjH, npeMa PajHepy PajHeKY HaCTalbaBaxy KpajeBe y3 peKY XaABeA. HeKH HX nHCu:H 189 AllaHU cy CJl.OOeHU. BepJl.ucy CJl.OOeHU. 103
r flope1\J!O u.Meka BepAa. Aaapu cy CAoeeku. Aaapu U Byzapu 3eax.y ceoza 7<:.pa.Jba Xa7<:.ak. ClCUpU U Xupu cy G.l!oaekU. P.peeH.a npe- 6uaJtuw.ma 30By XepYAHMa, HO npHTOM rpeme, jep npaBO H>HXOBO HMe 6ejame BepAH, mTO Ha CAOBeHCKOM je3HKY 03Ha'laBa IbyJl.e CMeAe OKpyTHe H nOHOCHTe, a TO cy CBojcTBa Koja HCTOPH 'lapH npHnHcyjy BepAHMa (BpAHMa), Kao mTO he jom 6HTH pe'leHo. ABapH, BaCTapHH, neY'laHH H <PHHll.H (KaKO KruKy 3axapHa AHAHO H HpeHHK y 2. KIbH3H, nOrAaBIbY 39, A6paxaM OPTeA y CBOjOj CHHOHHMHjH H MeAaHXTOH npeMa Tall.HTy) 6ejaxy CAOBeHCKH Hap0Jl.H. AyTop 6Horpaq:mja <ppaHu.yCKHX KPaIbeBa, OJl.HOCHO nHnHHa, KapAa BeAHKor H AyJl.OBHKa, OTBopeHO KalKe Jl.a ABapH H CAOBeHH 6ejaxy jeJl.aH Te HCTH HapOJl., a TOM ayT0py, KaAyoepy 6eHeJl.HKTHHIlY (npeMa 0pTeAY) KOjH je 2KHBeO y BpeMe KpaIba AYJl.OBHKa H 6HO My npHcaH npHjaTeIb, BaIba BepOBaTH, jep y IberoBo Jl.o6a 6ejame jom YBeK ABapa. CBora KpaIba OHH 3Baxy XaKaH HAM KoraH, 6am Kao H ByrapH CAOBeHH. JaH ,lly6PaBCKH y6paja CKHpe H XHpe TaKooe Meoy CAOBeHe, Te OBaKO nHme 0 IbHMa y 1. KH:.H3H: CapMaTHja, Koja ce (npeMa nTOAeMejy) Ha HCTOKY rpaHH'lH C MO'lBapOM MeOTHJl. H C TaHOM, Ha 3anaJI..Y C BHCAOM, Ha ceBepy ca CapMaTCKHM MopeM, a Ha jyry C KapnaTCKHM ropaMa, 6eme HeKaJI.. 3ajeJl.HH'lKa Jl.OMOBHHa CBHX HapOJl.a Koje ce Jl.aHaC Ha3HBa CAOBeHHMa, a KojHMa 6ejaxy Jl.aBaH pa3AH'lHTa HMeHa. HeKe OJl. IbHX Ha3Bame XHpHMa, Jl.pyre CKHpHMa. CHp6HMa H BeHeJl.HMa. nOTBpoyje TO H BarpHeHCKH y 1. KIbH3H, rJl.e KalKe Jl.a CKHPH H XHpH 6exy BeHeJl.H HAH CAOBeHH. nHCll.H ClCUpa U Xupa. yonmTe Jl.eAe MHmIbeIbe Jl.a OBH HapOJl.H y npomAOCTH Ha CTaH:.aBaxy llaKHjy noll. HMeHOM j:{a'laHH H Jl.a npe npOBaAe Y MOAaaeUju. u XYHa (KaKO nHme BOH<pHHH y 1. j:{eKaJI..H, KlbH3H npBoj) BAaw.7<:.oj ce 2KHBIbaxy Y THM KpajeBHMa 3ajeJl.HO C PHMIbaHHMa, a cno aakaC y CJ!y:JfC- MeH Ha TO Ca'lyBao ce y j:{aKHjH CBe Jl.O Jl.aHac. HaHMe y 6eku.M cnucu- MOAJl.aBHjH H y BAamKoj, 'lHjH npOCTOpH 'lHHe Jl.peBHY Ma 7<:.Opucmu ll' 6 6 B .. CJ!ooeH.CICU aKHjy, y CAy2K eHHM ce cnHCHMa H y CAY2K H 02KjOj He je3U7<:.. KOPHCTH Jl.pyrH je3HK HH Jl.pyro nHCMO OCHM CAOBeHCKora. 104 MOAJl.aBll.H cy no CBojCTBHMa CBora roBopa 6AH2KH PyCHMa HAH MOCKOBIbaHHMa. Jl.OK ce BAacH BHme nOBOJl.e 3a PallieeOaH.u Hop- . MakU u Byzapu maHHMa. lliBeoaHH HAM CBeBH, mTO je HCTO, Te HOPMaHH cy G.l!oaekU. H ByrapH (KaKO nHmy 1)aM6YAapH, neTap Kpy36ep H <PpaHll.HCK HpeHHKYC y 1. KlbH3H) CAOBeHCKH cy HapOJl.H, a 1)aM6yAaPH y 1. KH>H3H OBaKO rOBopH 0 H:.HMa: rpaHHll.e ~~u~ C' MakU nomut.ty mHpoKHX npocTpaHCTaBa KaHJl.HHaBHje BHme cy HO 00 lliaeOaH.a.. jeJl.HOM npemAe HeH3MepHe BojcKe H 6e36pojHa MHomTBa AAaHa, CAoBeHa, KojHMa npHnaJI..ajy qecH H nOIball.H, Kao H HopMaH.u cy lliBeoaHa, KOjH cy HaM Jl.aAH HopMaHe H Byrape. BOA<praHr nomOM~u Map7<:.OMarta. Aall. nHme Jl.a cy HopMaHH nOTOMll.H MapKOMaHa, Jl.OK HopMaHCKHM HMeHOM CHre6ePT H3 )KaM6Aya, AjHxapJl. H Jl.pyrH OHJl.amIbH nHCll.H Ha3HBajy, Meoy OCTaAHMa, TaKooe H Pyce, KaO mTO, HaKOH Aall.a, KalKe A6paxaM OpTeA y CBOjOj llaHcKoj: YHKpaHe cnOMHIbe peJl.OBHHK AjHxapJl. y 190 6Horpa<pHjH KapAa BeAHKor H YBpmTaBa HX Meoy CAOBeHCKe HapOJl.e. OnHcyjyhH pa3He Te HapOJl.e, peJl.OBHHK BHTHKHHJl. (KaO mTO ce BHJl.H y OpTeAoBoj CHHOHHMHjH) Ha3HBa HeKe OJl. IbHX YKpHMa HAH YHKpaHHMa. KOHa'lHO H MapKOMaHH H KBaJI..H, npOCAaBIbeHH Jl.peBHHM HCTOpHjCKHM 3anHCHMa, nOTeKome (npeMa AA6ep'rY KpaHIlY y 1. KH>H3H, nOrAaBIbY 14. BaHJl.aAHje, H npeMa KOpHeAHjy Tall.HTy) OJl. Heno6eJl.HBOr pOJl.a CAOBeHCKora, 6y,nyhH Jl.a HX HaBeJl.eHH ayTopH y CBaKOM cAyqajy Ha3HBajy BaHJl.aAHMa. qHHH TO TaKooe H JepeMHja Pyc y MOCKOBCKOM AeTonHCY, rJl.e TBPJl.H Jl.a cy MapKOMaHH npaBH CAOBeHH. Y nOTBp,ny Tora CBor YBepeIba YBpmhyje y CBOj AeTOnHC U:HTaT 3a KOjH Ka2Ke Jl.a ra je npOHamao YKAeCaR y KaMeHY y 3eMIbH MapKOMaRa, y BpeMe KaJI..a je 6HO y npaTIbH nOKAHcapa KHe3a MocKoBHje nOCAaTor 6e'lKOM u:apy. Taj ll.HTaT rAaCH OBaKO: trr.~ ovr.rr VlCll)?>TS3t( ?J..,~r/JJBtt!"B~~: SGODlh ~VlCO.v:vrli NASS "",4IK(}M~r-'."l TE. stlllPNOY, t1'TOr; 1J!)TA:I(IISG,4 .·.M471N.....· ",tAN P1WT8E. NI SLr.4VNOI1I ,.".; ST.JR ,'. 70l(;lJt1; .n.~ L.1THrvYJA....A. . ~ HHKO He M02Ke pehH Jl.a pe'lH H3 U:HTaTa HHCY CBe Jl.O jeJl.He CAOBeHCKe, 6y,nyhH Jl.a CAOBeHH rOTOBO Ha HCTH Ha'lHH H3 rOBapajy HaBeJl.eHe pe'lH, Kao mTO ce BHJl.H OBJl.e: STINA OVVA -VKLO'WNA lUU£G IESTMl$.A $CODE lCRVKOVYE,NASMAJ\KOMAN IBllAf'! 1 TI:E SLAVNOVIEftl, LITAOOYA NAseita .', IAAt(g;OMAN PROm£. NISL4YNi ."'. STINA·. 'OICOI .·.LlTHVVIKA. Y npeBO,ny TO 3ByqH OBaKO: OBaj je KaMeH nOCTaBIbeH y 3HaK MHpa H3 KpaKOBa Hac MapKOMaHa H 6pahe CAOBeHa, HaKOH roJl.HHa paTOBaIba Hamera .. HeK' MapKOMaH npooe, HH CAOBeH .. KaMeH .. nOKoj .. Y BHjeKe BjeKOBa. M02Ke ce CTora 'lBPCTO BepOBaTH H C npaBOM YCTBpJl.HTH Jl.a MapKOMaHH 6ejaxy CAOBeHH, jep ce Jl.peBHHM jeJl.HHCTBOM je3HKa 06HAHO Jl.OKa3yje jeJl.HHCTBO Hall.Hje, a IbYJl.HMa HCTe HapOJl. HOCTH CMaTpaMO OHe KojHMa je OJl. caMora nO'leTKa 3ajeJl.HO C Maj'lHHHM MAeKOM Jl.OJl.eIbeH Jl.ap Meoyco6Hora je3H'lHOr onmTeIba. OCHM yrAeJl.HHM HaBOJl.HMa TOAHKHX yqeHHx IbYJl.H H npOCAaBIbeHHX nHCall.a, KojHMa CMO nOKa3aAH Jl.a cy CBH nOMeHYTH HapOJl.H npHnaJI..aAH CAOBeHcKoj Hall.HjH, HCTO ce TO M02Ke Jl.OKa3aTH H npoyqaBaIbeM HMeHa HCTHX THX IbYJl.H, Koja ce 'lHTajy KOJl. ayTopa Jl.eAa 0 rOTHMa H 0 Jl.pyrHM ceBepHHM HapOJl.HMa. MHCAHMO Ha HMeHa Kao mTO cy ByjJl.HMHP, BaAaMHp, CH2KHMHP, TeOJl.OMHp, <PPHI'HMHP, 191 Y1CpaH.U UJ1.U Y7<:.PU G.l!ooeHU. Map7<:.OMaH.U U Keaau CJ!oeeH CICU HapOa. 105 AJtakU cy CAOOeH.U. BepAucy CAooeHu.
AUtma UMeHa CBeBAa,zJ; liAH, KaKO ,n:pyrH HCKpHBlbeHO K8.)K}'. CHCBaA,n:, KOO HaeeOeHUX 3aTHM CeAHMHp, feAMHp, Pa,zJ;araCT HAH Pa,n:ara3Hje, PaxH HapooajacHo MHP, PajMHp H CaHKO, O,n: KOjHX je,n:aH (rrpeMa 110lboHHjy) cy CllOl3eH-CICa.. 111' 823 1064 BAa,zJ;ame y rraHHJH OKO , a ,n:pyrH OKO . ro,n:HHe. Ty cy rrOTOM CmKHcMHp, ByjcyMap, BHTHlna, MH3HCAaB HAH MHcAaB. OToKap, BmKHcAaB, CHHI,IH6aH, ITpe,n:HMHp H 06pa,n:. CBa cy Ta HMeHa Herr06HTHo CAOBeHCKa. Y cAaBY H ,n:HKy H>HXOBY, Balba jOlli TOMe rrpH,n:o,n:aTH, ,n:a He caMO MYIllKapL(H, Hero H )KeHe H>HXOBe CTeKOllle op~jeM 6eCMp'rHO HMe, yrrpaBo rrorryT AMa30HKH. OBe rrOCAe,n:H>e (KaKO H3BelliTaBajy ITeTap Kpy36ep y 1. KH>H3H H I1BaH foporrHyc y 8. KH>H3H 0 AMa30HKaMa) 6ejaxy )KeHe capMaTCKHX CAoBeHa. HaKoH lliTO CMO yrr03HaAH pa3He CAOBeHCKe Hapo,n:e, ca,n: heMo ce rr03a6aBHTH rrOpeKAOM H ycrrecHMa H>HXOBHM, rrOqeBlliH o,n: CAoBeHa fOTa. Y ,n:peBHoj rrpOlli llooyxeamu CJlOl3eH-a roma. AOCTH, qaK H rrpe HO lliTO ce rrpOHeo rAac 0 CAaBH H HMeHY PHMCKOM, fOTH Y He,n:OCTaTKy ,n:pyrHx HerrpHjaTelba CTyrrHllie y Mel}yc06He oKplliaje. ITo H3AacKy H3 CKaH,n:HHaBHje, rrpB06HTHe cBoje ,n:OMOBHHe, Hajrrpe 3apaTHllie C YAMepyrHMa, Te HaKOH lliTO HX rrpOTepallie H3 H>HXOBHX rrpe6HBaAHlliTa, 3aY3ellie Ty 3eMlbY 3a BpeMe BAa,zJ;aBHHe Kpalba Bepnxa. ITOTOM ce C KpalbeM <PHAHMHPOM 3arryTHllie y 106 CKHTCKy 3BaHY OBHH, KaKO H3BelllTaBa Jop,n:aHec. 3aycromu ce pa30eajajy Mer>sCOOH-o. lloojapMe Ezunam. . c~c;::t;y. G.l!OI3eH-CKa KpaJbUl,Sa TOMupa. Ao Kaoa ce romu3eaxy ClCUmUMa. TaBHllle ce 3aTHM y 3eMlbaMa Hapo,n:a CrraAH, Te ce HaKOH rr06e,n:e Ha,n: H>HMa, rrpeMa A6Aa6HjeBHM HaBo,n:HMa, Mel}y 6 TT • E co HO pa3,n:eAHllie. ,u,eo H>HX rro,llJapMH rHrraT, lliTO crroMHH>e H Xepo,n:oT H3 XaAHKapHaCa; ,n:pyrH ce ,n:eo 3arryTH y cMepy HCTOKa rro,n: BO,n:CTBOM AMaAa, ,n:OK HeKH KpeHYllie Ha 3arra,zJ; Bo,n:eHH BaATXOM. OHH KOjH KpeHYllie Ha HCTOK rrporepallie CKHTe H ,n:a,zJ;ollle HM HOBe KpalbeBe. Kpalb H>HXOB Becoc, o,n: ,n:pyrHx 3BaH Becop, 06jaBH paT erHrraTCKOM KpalbY BeTopHKCY H rr06Hje,n:H ra, Kao lliTO ce qHTa KO.A< Jop,n:aHeca, JYCTHHa, Tpora, BOHHcpaL(Hja CHMoHeTHja H ,n:pyrnx. HaCAe,n:H ra KpalbHL(a TOMHpa, Koja paTOBaH>HMa H3MYQH rrep3HjcKora Kpalba KcepKca. HaKOH Tora ce MaKe,n:OHCKH Kpalb <PHAHrr 3,n:p~H 6PaKOM C fOTHAOM, KhepH CKHTCKora Kpalba, a H>eroB CHH AAeKCaH,n:ap HM 3a,zJ;aBame BeAHKe MYKe, HO Meoyc06HO o,n:MepHBlliH CHare, CKAOrrHllie MHP, KaO lliTO ce BH,n:H KO,n: CTpa60Ha y 7. KH>H3H, KO,n: ApHjaHa HHKoMe,n:HjcKor y 4. KH>H3H H KO,n: OToHa <PPH )KaHHHa, rrpeM,n:a ce KBHHT KYPL(Hje ,n:OHeKAe pa3HAa3H y MHllllbeH>Y C OCTaAHMa. IToCTaBlliH rrepcHjcKH Kpalb, 11apHje Y3e 3a )KeHY KhH CKHTCKor Kpalba AHTpHperHpa. 110 Tor BpeMeHa fOTe Ha3HBaxy CKHTHMa, Kao lliTO jacHo rroKa3yjy 11HOH, CKOAaCTHK H3 CMHpHe, AraTHja, Jop,n:aHec H ,n:pyrH. He 6ejallie HM TO HMe Ha,zJ;eHYTo 3aTO lliTO 6H BYKAH rropeKAo o,n: CKHTa, KaKO Bepyjy HeKH I1TaAHjaHH, Beh CTora lliTO 6ejaxy rrpOTepaAH CKHTe H 3aIIOCeAH H>HXOBO 192 ,..... L(apCTBO. Tpe6eAHje ITOAHOH, HaHMe, peqe ,n:a CKHTH 6ejaxy ,n:eo Hapo,n:a roTCKor. OHaj ,n:eo TOr Hapo,n:a, KOjH KpeHY y rroxo,n: Ha 3arra,zJ;, OIIlbaqKa fpqKy, rrpeceAH ce y A3Hjy H rrpHTeKHy y rroMoh TpojaHL(HMa. KaKO rrHllie 11HoH fPK, HMeHa cy H>HXOBHX KpalbeBa EypHrrHA H TeAecp, y6HL(a KacaH,n:pHH KojeM AxHA o.ny3e op~je. KacHHje, 3a BpeMe BAa ,n:aBHHe Ue3apa AyrycTa, Y3,n:HrHY ce Meoy feTHMa Kpalb Bype6HCTa. Y HCTO TO BpeMe EAHje KaTOH rrOBe,n:e C OHe CTpaHe ,llyHaBa rre,n:eCeT XHlba,zJ;a feTa, KaKO 6H ce HaCTaHHAH y TpaKHjH. Ho Kpalb H>HXOB, MaAO rrpHMeHOM CHAe, MaAO Tpe3BeHolllhy H 3aKOHO,n:aBCTBOM, 3a,n:06H BAaCT Ha,n: rrpOCTpaHHM L(apCTBOM H rrOKopH MHore cyce,n:He Hapo,n:e. C BeAHKOM CMeAolllhy rrpera3H I1CTap H OIIlbaqKa TpaKHjy, MaKe,n:OHHjy H I1AHpHK. Bejallie CTpax H TperreT PnMlbaHa H o,n:Hece HeH3MepaH IIAeH OTeT cyce,n:HHM faAHMa, TpaqaHHMa H l1AHpHMa. ITPOY3pOKOBa TaKol}e rrOTrryHy rrporraCT BaBapaL(a rro,n:aHHKa KpHTa3Hja, Kao H TeypHCKa. AyryCT CTora 6H rrpHCHlbeH rrOCAaTH Ha H>era BOjCKy o,n: rre,n:eceT XHlba,n:a 6opaL(a, KaKO rrpHqa CTpa60H y 7. KH>H3H cBoje feorpacpHje. fOTOBO HCToBpeMeHo BAa,n:allle roTCKH Kpalb 11poMaxeT, KOjH ce Ha I1CTPY YXBaTH y KOIllTaL( C KpalbeM AH3HMaxOM H 3apo6H ra )KHBOr, Kao IllTO ce qHTa KO,n: KaMrraHe y PereHc6YPlllKoj rrpHrroBecTH, KO,n: CTpa60Ha y 7. KH>H3H H KO,n: llAYTapxa y H>eroBHM 113peKaMa H y H>eroBoj 6HorpacpHjH. OBHM peqHMa rrpHrrOBe,n:a TO ITAYTapx: OKPYTHH BapBapCKH BojBo,n:a 11poMaxeT, He.nyro rrolliTO 6ejame 3apo6Ho AH3HMaxa, BeAHKo.nyIllHO ra rryCTH Ha cAo6o.ny. ITaBAe Opo3Hje y 3. KH>H3H Ha3HBa 11poMaxeTa KpalbeM TpaKHje H orrHcyje H>eroBY HCToPHjy, lliTO qHHe H THT AHBHje, EBTporrHje, Ey3e6Hje H ,n:pyrH. CTpa60H H Jop ,n:aHec K8.)K}', Mel}YTHM, ,n:a 6ejallie feT [fOTj, lliTO je BepoBaTHHje. OHH rraK KOjH My rrpHrrHcyjy BAaCT Ha,zJ; TpaKHjoM )KeAe H3BeCTH 3aKlbyqaK ,n:a je TpaKHja 6HAa yseK rro,n: feTHMa, Te K8.)K}' ,n:a ce y TpaKHjH jOlli YBeK HaAa3H MeCTO 3BaHO AH3HMaxHja, Koje ,n:06H TO HMe rro CrrOMeHYToj 6HL(H, a roBope 0 TOMe H ITAHHHje y 4. KH>H3H, CTecpaH BH3aHTHHaL( H ITToAeMej. fOTH paTOBaxy qeCTO H C MaKe,n:OHL(HMa. CaceKOllle TaKO CorrHpHOHa, HaMeCHHKa AAeKcaH,n:pa BeAHKor, C TpH,n:eceT XHlba,n:a 60paL(a, a HelliTO rrpe Tora cy CaBAa,zJ;aAH H Kpalba <PHAHrra, KaKO Ka)Ke JyCTHH y 27. KH>H3H, r,n:e HX Ha3HBa CKHTHMa, HaKO Jop,n:aHec H ,n:pyrH rrpHrrHcyjy Taj rro,n:yxBaT fOTHMa, Koje y ,n:aBHHHH YBPIllTaBaxy Meoy CKHTe. AAeKcaH,n:ap BeAHKH He rrpe3pe MHp C feTHMa, HHTH ra OHH o,n:6Hllle CKAOrrHTH C AAeKcaH,n:pOM, KaKO H3BelliTaBajy CTpa6oH, ApHjaH, ITToAeMej ,n:e Aaro H KaMrraHa. YcrrpKOC TOMe, JyCTHH rrHllie ,n:a feTH 6ejaxy ycrrelliHO CBAa,zJ;aHH o,n: AAeKCaH,n:pa, rrpeM,n:a TO He rroTBpl}yje HH je,n:aH ,n:pyrH rrHCaL( HCTopHje fOTa. Bejaxy MeOYTHM 193 romu JKy y npucmuna.'I{on TpojaH-l,SUMa. IIJbat{lCajy TpalCUjy, MaICeoOliUjy u I1AupUlc. 107 CaceICY ConupuoH-a. HaMeCH-UICa caHOpoeoz AAeIC
I I caBAa"n;aHH (KaRO rrpWfa BjOH,n:O y 1. KlbH3H 0 rrporracTH PHMcKor UapcTBa) o,n: AYKYAa, IllTO He crrOMHlbY HH MeTO,n: HH Jop,n:aHec. Ka"n; fOTH KacHHje rrOKYIllaIlle rrpetm l1cTap, Crrpe'IH HX Y TOMe ArpHrra, Kao IllTO ce BH,n:H KO,n: AraTHje H KO,n: MeTo,n:a. 3a BpeMe BAa,n:aBHHe ABryCTa fOTH YHHIllTHIlle CBe rroKpajHHe rro,n:aHHKe PHMCKor UapCTBa, Ha IllTO Y 1. KlDH3H EKC OOHTO YKa3yje OBH,n:Hje Ha30H, KOjH je Y TO ,n:06a :>KHBeO 3eMlhH feTa, Ka,n:a Ka:>Ke: HajBetm ,n:eo lhy,n:CKora po,n:a, PHMe, 108 He xaje 3a Te H TBOjy Aerrory, a 0PY:>Kja AY30HHjeBHX o,n:pe,n:a ce He 60jH. Xpa6pOCT My YAHBajy AyK H rryH T060Aau:. Kao H y EAerHjH l1X. rrOCBeneHoj CeBepHjy: Ha 3eMlhH orpejaHoj CyHu:eM HeMa Hapo,n:a OKpYTHHjer o,n: fOTa: CTpeAe cy lbHXOBe CMPTOHOCHHM OTPOBOM HaTorrlheHe. Y HCTO ,n:06a feTH oCBojHIlle MHore pHMcKe rpa"n;oBe H Hacelha, 0 'IeMY OBH,n:Hje Ha HCTOM MecTY rOBopH y CAe,n:enHM CTHXOBHMa: CTOjH ,n:peBHH rpa"n; y3 peKY l1cTap CTO ,n:Ba HMeHa HOCH; rrOAO:>Kaj H 3H,n:HHe fpa"n;cKe je,n:Ba ,n:a ,n:ajy rrpHcTyrra. KacrrHje ErejcKH (aKo je BepoBaTH OHOMe KO 0 ce6H TBp,n:H) H3rpa"n;H ra, H ,n:a"n;e CBor HMeHa ,n:eAy HMe. Y 60jy HeHa,n:aHOM OKpyTHH ra feT 3aY3e, rr06e,n:H O,n:PHCH H Ha Kpalba Y pary rro,n:HrHY rp030BHTO oPY:>Kje. y 40Mu/JujaHo- 11 Y ,lloMHU:HjaHoBo ,n:06a fOTH y 'IHTaBOM PHMCKOM' eo o06a L(UHe UapcTBY 'IHHHIlle CTpaIllHe rrOKOlhe. BjOH,n:O Ka:>Ke ,n:a KopcmpaU.lHe HeAHje TaU:HT He HarrHca CBOjy l1CTOpHjy caMO ,n:a He 6H ~~ICOJbe. Mopao rrpH3HaTH KOAHKO je PHMlhaHa rrorHHYAO o,n: rOTCKe .u.apeeu £acujaH U PYKe. HaROH Tora BacHjaH H KapaKaAa (KaKO ce 'IHTa KO,n: KapalCCUla cPAaBHja H KO,n: MeTo,n:a) rrpeTprreIlle BeAHKe IllTeTe y paTy C npempne fOTHMa. TpenH rOTCKH orpaHaK, KOjH ,n:OTa"n; 6ejaIlle OCTao ee.J!ulCe., Ha OCTPBY YAMepyra, rrpH,n:py:>KH ce OCTaAHM fOTHMa, Te wmeme Ou roma.. 3aY3eIlle (Ka:>Ke MeTO,n:) H OaHoHHjy. Ta"n;a KHe3 lbHXOB CHTaAK Y rrpaTlbH CTO rre,n:eceT XHlha"n;a lhy,n:H KpeHy y paTHH Hanao roma rroxo,n: Ha ATHHY, HO CXBaTHBBIllH y 60jy KOAHKa je CHara Ha AmuHY· PHMlhaHa, CKAOrrH C lDHMa MHp. OCTaIlle y MHpy CBe ,n:o BpeMeHa ,lloMHU:HjaHa, KOjH rrpBH OKpeHY ,n:pyro JaHYCOBO AHu:e. Ta"n;a fOTH, Ka:>Ke Jop,n:aHec, rroryKoIlle PHMCKY BOjromu y6ujajy CKY rro,n: BOOCTBOM OOMrreja Ca6HHa ArpHrre, y6HIlle caIToMneja. Mora OOMrreja H 0,n:py6HIlle MY rAaBy. fOTH ce HaKOH Tora 194 rro,n:eAHIlle Ha ,n:Ba ,n:eAa, o,n: KOjHX je,n:HH 3aY3eIlle Me3Hjy H TpaKHjy, a H3 lDHXOBa ce po,n:a C O'IHHCKe cTpaHe PO,n:H u:ap MaKcHMHH, Kao IllTO CBe,n:O'Ie rp'IKH rrHcau: CHMax, Te JYAHje KarrHTOAHjcKH H Jop,n:aHec. ,llpyrH ,n:eo fOTa YCTa Ha oPY:>Kje rrpoTHB pHMcKor u:apa cPHAHrra, KOjH caM 6ejaIlle KpHBau: TOMe. HaHMe, YCKpaTH HM IIAaTY KOjy HM 6ejaIlle ,n:aBao, Te HX TaKO H3a3Ba rrpOTHB ce6e H yoe C lDHMa y paT. OOCAa y 60j ceHaTopa ,lleU:Hja, KOjH TaMO H3ry6H :>KHBOT 3aje,n:HO ca CBOjHM CHHOM H C TpH,n:eceT XHlha"n;a 60pau:a, HaKOH 'Iera fOTH 3aY3eIlle Me3Hjy. 0 TOM ,lleU:HjeBoM rropa3y H CMpTH CBe,n:O'IH OATap rrOCBeneH lDeMY y Me3HjH. Taj paT crrOMHlDY Ca6eAHKO, BjOH,n:O, Jop,n:aHec, Op03Hje, fOTcpPH,n: H ,n:pyrH, HO OOMrroHHje BpAO orrIllHpHO rrperrpH'IaBa ,n:oraoaje H rroKa3yje KaKO OTau: H CHH HaMepHO 6e3rAaBO jypHYIlle y :>KelhH ,n:a ce rrorryT CBOjHX rrpe,n:aKa :>KPTByjy 60roBHMa 3a 6y.n:yny rr06e.n:y. Ey3e6Hje H Ca6eAHKO y 7. KlbH3H Ka:>KY ,n:a Ta ,n:BojHu:a rrorHHYIlle 3aje,n:Ho y paTy rrpoTHB fOTa. A TH fOTH 3a BpeMe BAa"n;aBHHe pHMcKora u:apa fop,n:HjaHa Orrlha'IKaIlle A3Hjy, UPHOMopje, MaKe,n:oHHjy H fp'IKY, KaKO rroKa3yjy BjOH,n:O, Ey3e6Hje, EBTporrHje H Ca6eAHKo. Tpe6eAHje OOAHOH orrIllHpHO rrpHrroBe,n:a 0 Ta,n:aIlllDHM 36HBalDHMa H rrpoTHBH ce EY3e6HjeBoM MHIlllhelDY, jep Ka:>Ke ,n:a Ta"n;a rrorH6e u:apeB CHH MaKpHH. O,n: faAHjeHa BAaCT Ha"n; u:aPCTBOM HaCAe,n:H OOCTYM, a fOTH 3arocrro,n:apHIlle TpaKHjoM, rroxapaIlle MaKe,n:oHHjy H HaHeIlle IllTeTe H y TeCaAHjH. HaKoH Tora rrpoKpcTapHIlle A3HjOM H 3THM, KaKO Ka:>Ke Tpe6eAHje, rroBe,n:OIlle 60j 3a ecpeIllKH xpaM 60rHlDe ,llHjaHe. Y TO ,n:06a ce rrpeCTOHHu:a BH3aHT (rrpeMa H3BeIllTajHMa Tpe6eAHjeBHM, Ca6eAHKOBHM H BjOH,n:OBHM) CHAHO HarraTH. OpeIIAOBHBIllH 3aTHM rroTajHo 6po,n:OBHMa BeAHKO Mope, fOTH YOOIlle y YIllne l1cTpa, r,n:e H3HeHa"n;a HaBaAHIlle Ha TaMOIlllDe CTaHOBHHIllTBO H rrO'IHHHIlle MHore rrOKOlhe. fAaBeIllHHe BH3aHTa (KOHCTaHTHHorrOlha) KAeoKaH H ATeHej ,n:OHeKAe HX 06Y3,n:aIlle, HO HrraR rra,n:e y 60jy HaMeCHHK BeHepHjaH. Y30XOAHBIllH ce, fOTH HacpHyIlle Ha KH3HK H OCBojHIlle A3Hjy C 'IHTaBOM fp'IKOM. OrrIllHpHO je 0 TOMe rrHcao OHOBpeMeHH rp'IKH ayTop ,lleKcHrr, KOjH Ka:>Ke ,n:a fOTH rroxapaIlle H ErrHp, XeMoHHjy H BeOU:Hjy. HerrpHjaTelhH u:apa ,llHOKAeU:HjaHa 6ejaxy roTCKH KpalbeBH fyHTePHK H ApraHK, KaKO rrHIlle Jop,n:aHec. TH KpalbeBH, rroryKaBIllH PHMlhaHe H OTeBIllH HM IllaTope, OCBojHIlle rpa"n; MapU:HjaHorroA y Me3HjH, KaKO HaAa3HMO KO,n: BjoH,n:a H KO,n: OOMrroHHja AeTa. BOAYCHjaH HaKOH Tora CKAOrrH MHp C rOTCKHM KpalbeBHMa, a HaCAe,n:H ra faAHjeH, 3a BpeMe 'IHje ce BAa ,n:aBHHe pHMCKa perry6AHKa (HMrrepHja) CHARO HarraTH, jep fOTH rro,n: BOOCTBOM TpOjHu:e BojcKoBooa, BeH,n:HKOHa, TypOHa H BapOHa, xapajynH A3HjOM, XeAecrrOHTOM, EcpecoM, 195 MUH LI.ap MalCcu6ejawe rom, na oa1Ul.e C/toeeH. 109 romU y6ujy ceHamopa 4el.Juja. romU nJbaL( lCajy A3ujy, llpHoMopje, MalCeooHujy U rpL(ICY· Qceajajy MHoza Mecma. 110
, """"' Tomu YIiUUlme BHTHHHjOM H KaAI.J,e,n:OHHjoM, YHHrnTHrne rpa,n: Amrnj8A Ha ropH XeMoc, a crrOMHlbY TO Ca6eAHKO, BjOH,n:O H ,n:pyrH. Y HCTOM ce pa3,n:06lby fOTH (rrpeMa CBe,n:O'feIbY TIoMrroHHja i\eTa) CBH 3aje,n:HO 3aBepHrne rrpOTHB PHMCKor UapCTBa. TO TaKol)e H OOBaHHH K8A<pYPHHO, EAHje Kop,n:, ,lleKcHrr H ApHjaH C ,n:pyrHMa, a HapO'fHTO Tpe6eAHje TIOAHOH y MapHaHY, r,n:e KruKe ,n:a Axaja, TpaKHja, BeAweu nOKOJb MaKe,n:OHHja H Tec8AHja 6ejexy YHHrnTeHe, a ,n:a y BH3aHTY y BU3alimy. (KOHCTaHTHHorrOlbY) 6erne y6HjeHo TOAHKO lbY,n:H, ,n:a ce He MO)Ke HanH HHKO o,n: ,n:peBHor po,n:a, jep HHKO HHje H3Heo . )KHBY rAaBY, OCHM OHHX KOjH ce CAY'fajHo He 3aTeKorne KO,n: MaKCl.I.MUJan b. • • 6eUle npau l.,lap Kylle. BH,n:eBrnH TO, MaKCH~HJaH ce OMY':IH 3a MHP, pa,n:HJe KOju 3aap6oaa Tome. Tomu cnaAe ocmpea KaliiJujy U Kunap. Tpe6eAuje HaaeaeH Kao yaaopul.,la. Hero 3a paT C InHMa, Te 6eJarne rrpBH KOJH 3aBp6oBa fOTe. Y TO BpeMe Kpalb fOTa 6ejarne fH6epHK, KOjH (KaKO TBp,n:H Jop,n:aHec) rro,Z.JjapMH CKHTe, TYH,n:e, By6eHreTe, BaCMa6pOHTe H Ka,n:e. 3a BpeMe BAa,n:aBHHe pHMCKOra u,apa KAay,n:Hja rra,n:e y 60jy TpHCTa ,n:Ba,n:eceT XHlba,n:a fOTa, a ,n:Be XHlba,n:e 6po,n:oBa 6H rrOTOlIlbeHO, Kao rnTO ce BH,n:H KO,n: Tpe6eAHja H y TIoMlIoHHja i\eTa H3 KAay,n:HjeBHX lIOCAaHHu,a CeHaTY, Te Kao IllTO je jacHo TaKol)ep H3 lIoCAaHHu,e HaMeCHHK}" HAHpHKa JYHHjy rro KOjOj ce 3aKlbY'fyje ,n:a ce KAay,n:Hje 6eIlle cYKo6HO C fOTHMa y TeCaAHjH H llaKHjH, y Me3HjH Kpaj Mapu,HjaHOrrOAa H y OKOAHHH BH3aHTa (KoHcTaHTHHOlIOlba), Kao H ,n:a fOTH OrIneM H Ma'feM 6exy yHHIllTHAH OCTpBa KaH,n:Hjy [KpHT] H KHlIap, ,n:a 6H HX KAay,n:Hje Ha Kpajy CBAa,n:ao. Kao ClIOMeH Ha TaKO 3HaMeHHTY lIO 6eJIY , CeHaT H8AO)KH ,n:a ce y KAay,n:HjeBY '"IaCT y CeHaTY lIOCTaBH 3AaTHH IllTHT, a lIpe,n: xpaMOM Ha KalIHToAY 3AaTHa cTaTya. 'llHT8Aal1, lIO TOMe MO)Ke BH,n:eTH KOAHKa je ~IaCT YKa3aHa H KaKBa je Harpa,n:a ,n:o,n:elbeHa OHOMe KO 6eIlle caBAa,n:ao CAOBeHCKH Hapo,n:. Tpe6eAHje, Mel)YTHM (KaKO CBe,n:o~m Ca6eAHKO), HarrHca Te AaCKaBe < pe~m He 6H AH ce ,n:O,n:BOPHO KAay,n:Hjy. KOjH pol)eIneM lIPHlIa,n:aIlle KOHCTaHTHHoBoj lIOPO,n:HU,H. EBTpolIHje lIHIlle ,n:a TOM lIPHAHKOM lIa,n:e ,n:BeCTa XHlba,n:a fOTa, HO OCHM H..era, KaKO KruKe Ca6eAHKO, HHje,n:aH ,n:pyrH ayTop HHKa,n: He OCTaBH 3arrHca 0 TOMe. MeHH je lIaK TeIllKO rrOBepOBaTH IllTa HeKH aYTOpH lIHIlly 0 lIo6e,n:H KAay,n:HjeBor HaCAe,n:HHKa AypeAHjaHa Ha,n: Ka,n:a K~ ,n:a HX OH CBAa,n:a KO,n: 111 HHKOlIOlba, jep lI03HaT 6poj rrOrHHyAHX. KOAHKO y TO ,n:06a fOTH HaMY'fHrne PHMCKO UapCTBO H KOAHKO 3axBalbyjynH InHXOBHM rro6e,n:aMa HapaCTe CAaBa CAOBeHCKor Hapo,n:a, BH,n:H ce H3 Ta,n:a HCKOBaHHx 3AaTHHKa H MO)Ke ce ,n:03HaTH (Kao IllTO ce BH,n:H KO,n: Cf>AaBHja BOlIHCKa) H3 lIocAaHHu,a CeHaTa YlIyneHHx ClIOMeHYTOM AypeAHjaHY, KOjH 360r lIo6e,n:e Ha,n: fOTHMa o,n: CeHaTa lIpHMH TaKBY 3aXBaAHOCT H Harpa,n:e lIOlIYT HHje)I:HOra ,n:pyror pHMCKor BOjcKoBol)e HAH u,apa. TIHIlle Ca6eAHKO ,n:a y je,n:HOM oKpIllajy 196 C AypeAHjaHoM lIorHHY CBera lIeT xHlba,n:a fOTa. YrAe,n:ajynH ce Ha rp'fKOr aYTopa TeOKAHTa, Cf>AaBHje BOlIHCKO TaKol)e KruKe ,n:a HX TOAHKO lIa,n:e y 60jy rrpOTHB AypeAHjaHa H ,n:a lIorH6e He BHIlle o,n: 300 lIOCa,n:HHX BojHHKa. ,llalbe KruKe ,n:a CapMaTH 6ejexy rropruKeHH y I1AHPHK}" H ,n:a lIeT XHlba,n:a fOTa, 3aje,n:Ho ca CBOjHM BOl)OM KaHa6a,n:oM HAH KaHa6ay ,n:OM, lIa,n:e C OHe CTpaHe ,llYHaBa H ,n:a MHorH lIpoBe,n:eHH y TPHjYM<P8AHOj lIOBOpU,H, ~mMe AypeAHjaH CTe'fe Ha3HB lIoBpaTHou,a faAHje H oCAo6o,n:HOu,a I1AHpHKa. Ho KO ro,n: je lIpO'fHTaO Jop,n:aHeca, 3Ha ,n:a je TO BHIlle Hero HeTa'fHO. BH,n:H ce ,n:a ce Cf>AaBHje ,n:o,n:BopaBa HaCTojenH Y3,n:HrHYTH IneroBY CAaBY TaKO rnTO HaBo,n:H HCKlbY'fHBO 6poj lIorHHYAHX fOTa. CaM BorrHCKO Ha lIO'feTK}", Ka,n: roBOpH 0 lIHcu,HMa, lIpH3Haje ,n:aje TO MaHa OHHX aYTopa KOjH lIHIlly 0 lIOJIYXBaTHMa u,apeBa H HacToje lIo,n:apHTH BenH cjaj InHXOBOj CAaBH YMHO)KaBajynH 6poj MpTBHX, ,n:a 6H 3aTHM YlIpaBO TO Y'fHHHO orrHcY.iynH paT lIpOTHB fOTa. IhHX lIopa3H TaKol)ep u,ap KOHCTaHTHH. rrpeMa TBp,n:InaMa Ca6eAHKOBHM H BjOH,n:OBHM, ,n:OK Jop,n:aHec TO OTBopeHO HerHpa. TIa HrraK, caCBHM je CHI"YpHO ,n:a ce fOTH, CKAO-lIHBlIm MHp C PHMlbaHHMa, lIpHMHpHIlle y pa3,n:06lby o,n: roTOBO ce,n:aM,n:eceT ro,n:HHa, CBe ,n:o BpeMeHa B8AeHca. OH HM, CTeKaBIllH IbHXOBO lIpHjaTelbcTBO H caBe3HHrnTBO, ,n:OlIYCTH ,n:a )KHBe y Tpau,HjH H 'faK ,n:a ,n:p)Ke BAaCTHTO opY)Kje. fOTH ce Ta,n:a lIo,n:eAHIlle Ha BH3HrOTe H OCTporOTe, O,n:HOCHO Ha ropIne H ,n:OIbe fOTe. HaHMe, KO,n: CAOBeHa, KOjH rOBope HCTHM je3HKoM Kao H fOTH, BHCHj 3Ha'fH ropIbH, a OCTOX HAH HCTOX 3Ha'fH HCTOK, Te CTora OHH CMelIITeHH HCTO'fHHje ,n:06HIlle HMe OCTpO roTH, a OHH Ha 3alIaJIY 8H3HrOTH. A6Aa6HO TBp,n:H ,n:a ce Ha3BaIlle TaKO lIpeMa CBOjOj ,n:OMOBHHH, HO TIaBAe oaKOH, OlIaT H3 YepClIepra H AA6epT KpaHu, K~ ,n:a Cf>pH,n:HrepHa 6exy lIpO3BaHH BH3HrOTH, a lIpHBp)KeHHu,H AT8AOBH OCTporOTH, 6yJIYnH ,n:a 6ejaxy y HeCA03H. Cf>pH,n:HrepH ce 06paTH u,apy 88AeHCY lIpOTHB AT8AapHKa, Te (KaKO lIHIlle COKpaT y 8. KInH3H, lIorAaBlbY 14.) Ha,Z.Jja'fa CBor lIPOTHBHHKa. 88AeHc pa36H InHXOBe pe,n:oBe y TpaKHjH H 3aTO fOTH, 360r HaCTpaHocTH 88AeHcoBe, lIOCTaIlle apHjaHu,HMa. Y TO HX BpeMe rOTCKH CBeIllTeHHK Y A<pHAa lIOY'faBarne (KaKO KruKe Teo,n:opeT) HaCTpaHOM ApHjeBoM Y'feIny. TIHCU,H ce OKO THX 36HBaIba YBeAHKO pa3HAa3e y MHIlllbeInHMa. Ca6eAHKO y 9. KInH3H 7. EHea,n:e lIHIlle ,n:a fOTH, lIpoTepaHH o,n: XYHa, ,n:ol)oIlle 88AeHcy MOAHTH ra ,n:a HM ,n:OlIYCTH HaCTaHHTH ce y TpaKHjH, a lIOTBpl)yje TO H Opo3Hje. Mel)YTHM, Bypxap,n: H3 YepclIepra H Jop,n:aHec K~ ,n:a o,n: 88AeHca 3aTpruKHIlle Me3Hjy H ,llaKHjy, HO Ka,n: HM lIOHy,n:H TpaKHjy, TaMO ce 3aycTaBHIlle, rnTO lIOTBpl)yje H COKpaT CKoAacTHK. MeTo,n: HlIaK KruKe,n:a fOTH lIOCTaIlle roclIo,n:apH TpaKHje, 197 rPRaeuje xone Y36Ucumu AypeRujaHoee noayxeame. Tomu HaCeJba eajy TpaKujy. Tomu ce aeRe HaBu3u2ome u OCTnpocome. 112 apujaHl.,lu.
-- Busuzomu y6ujajy lJapa BCllleH.Ca. Te .ll.a HM u;ap, y CTpaxy .ll.a 6H y 6y.n.yfiHOCTH MOrAH HanaCTH PHMCKO UapCTBO, npOTHB BOLbe nOHY.ll.H TPaKHjy. 'lIaK HM .ll.O.ll.eAM .ll.BOjHU;Y CBOjHX BOjcKoBoua, AynHU;HHa H MaKCHMa, KaKO 6H no.ll. lbHXOBHM BOUCTBOM OCBOjHAH H .ll.pyre H 60Lbe 3eMLbe. I1HCU;H ce He CAIDKY HH OKO H3Bopa H Y3pOKa pa3.ll.0pa H3MeUY u;apa BaAeHCa H BH3HrOTa. Bypxap.ll. H3 Yepcnepra H Ca6eAHKO KruKY .ll.a.ll.O Tora .ll.oUe 360r Hepa36opHTOCTH MaKCHMOBe H AynHU;HHoBe (Kora Jop .ll.aHeC 30Be AynHU;Hje), KOjH yrlbeTaBaxy BH3HroTe TaKO.ll.a HX BHme HO je.ll.HOM H3MyqHme rAaDY. )lpyrH naK TBp.ll.e.ll.a AynHU;HH 6Hjame nOCTaBHO 3ace.n.y KpaLbY BH3HrOTa Cl>PH .ll.HrepHy, y HaCTojalbY .ll.a ra oTpyje H TaKO ra ce pemH. I1peMa .ll.pyrHMa, BH3HroTH ce npHCHLbeHH H)')K.ll.OM .ll.HrHYme Ha op)':lKje npOTHB BaAeHca, Te ce no.ll. BOUCTBOM Cl>pH.ll.HrepHa YXBaTHme y KomTau; C PliMLbaHHMa, nopa3Hme HX H H3BpmHme CTpamaH nOKOLb. Y TOj 6HU;H U;ap BaAeHC 6H palbeH CTpeAOM; Ka.n. ocjeTH .ll.a CBe BHme ry6H cHary, lberOBH ra LbY.ll.H O.ll.HeCOme y je.ll.HY KOAH6y, r.ll.e ra HenpHjaTeLbH CnaAHme, nOTnaAHBmH TO MeCTO H He 3HajyfiH, KaKO nHme Jop.ll.aHeC, .ll.a je u;ap TaMO. BHCKYn Teo .ll.OpeT nHme .ll.a BH3HroTH Hajnpe nOBe.ll.Ome 60j C BaAeHCOM Ha Boccpopy, Te .ll.a HaKOH no6e.ll.e (KaKO KaJKe COKpaT y 8. KlbH3H, norAaBLbY 33) y Meceu;y Majy CTHrome CBe .ll.O KOHCTaHTHHonoLba H3 Kojer npoTepame PliMLbaHe CBe .ll.O Xa.n.pHaHOnOAHCa, r.ll.e fiX noy6Hjame y BeAHKOM 6pojy H cnaAHme u;apa. Beme TO AeTa rOCnO.ll.lbera 382, ro.ll.HHe 113 1033. O.ll. OCHHBaH:.a PliMa H qeTBPTe ro,lume BaAeHCOBe BAa.n.aBHHe. Ho TeO.ll.OpeT TBP.ll.H .ll.a u;ap HanyCTH oBaj CBeT BCllleH.mOeOM /CpUBUlJaM. 9. aBryCTa. He .ll.Oro.ll.H ce TO BaAeHCY (KaKO KaJKe C030MeH) Fomu 6e3 pa3Aora, 6y.n.yfiH .ll.a ynpaBo lberoBoM KpHBHU;OM rOTH, nocmaaowe HapO.ll. KOjH je Morao 6HTH O.ll. BeAHKe KOPHCTH CBeToj MajapU)a/ilJU. U . K k U;H pKBH, nOCTame AHCTOM apHJaHU;H. aJKe TaKOl)ep .ll.a . < My CMPT 6eme HaroBemTeHa O.ll. je.ll.HOra KaTOAHKa, KOjH MY peqe .ll.a fie. He CKAOnH AM MHp C BH3HroTHMa, O.ll. lbHXOBe KOH.cmaH.mu- pYKe norHHYTH. HaKOH norH6Hje u;apa BaAeHCa, BH3HrOTH H.onOJb noa OnCaaaM. KpeHYllie Ha KOHCTaHTHHonOLb H .ll.P:lKaxy ra no.ll. TemKOM Busuzoma. onca.n.OM. Ta.ll.a )loMHHHKa, :lKeHa nOKojHor BaAeHCa, nOKa3a BeAHKY Lby6a3HoCT npeMa TOM CpqaHOM Hapo.n.y, Te HM nOCAa CBaKOBpCHe xpaHe y H306HLbY, KaKO nHmy Ca6eAHKO, BjOH.ll.O H .ll.pyrH aYTopH. COKpaT naK KaJKe .ll.a BH3HrOTH .ll.P:lKaxy KOHCTaHTHHonOLb no.ll. onca.n.OM jom 3a :lKHBOTa u;apa BaAeHca. )lpyre no.n.yxsaTe Koje rOTH npe.n.y3eme y HCTOM pa3.ll.06LbY y Me3HjH H TpaKHjH onmHp HO o6pa.n.Hme I1AaTHHa y CHAHU;Hjy, JepOHHM y Ey3e6Hjy H I1pocnep y CBOjHM OCBPTHMa, HO MHlliLbelba HM ce pa3HAa3e. 11naK, Kao HajnOY3.ll.aHHjeM BaLba npe CBera BepOBaTH JepOHHMY, caBpeMeHHKY CBHX THX 36HBaH:.a. HaKOH Ba AeHca, BAaCT Ha.n. u;apCTBOM npey3e BaAeHTHHHjaH, KOjH 198 3aje.ll.HO C TeO.ll.OcHjeM 6paHHme pHMCKa .ll.o6pa. 360r BeAHKliX CBOjHX .ll.eAa 6ejame Ta.n.a Ha rAacy rOTCKH KpaLb ATaAapHK KOjH, CKAOnHBmH MHp C rpU;HMa, O.ll.e y KOHCTaHTHHonOLb. He 6eme TO TOAHKO .ll.o6po KOAHKO H)')KHO, jep .ll.a cy ce Ta.n.a rOTH nOKpeHYAH npOTHB PliMLbaHa, HaHeAO 6H TO BeAHKe mTeTe lbHXOBOM u;apCTBy. 113 BeAHKOr .ll.HBLbelba H YLbY.ll.HOCTH npeMa u;apy ATaAapHK je roBOPHO 3a lbera .ll.a je 6e3 CyMlbe 60r Ha 3eMLbH, Te .ll.a ce, KO ro.ll. 6H My KOjHM cAyqajeM HaMemTao 3aMKe, Mopa CBaKaKO H CMeCTa nOKajaTH 3a CBOjy rpemKY. Ka.n. ATaAapHK npeMHHY, TeO.ll.OcHje My npHpe.ll.H KpaLbeBCKH norpe6, qHMe 3a.n.O6H HaKAOHOCT CBHX rOTa. OHH naK, HaKOH ATaAapHKOBe CMPTH OCTa.n.ome 25 ro.ll.liHa a .ll.a He H3a6pame HOBora KpaLba, jep 6exy 3a.n.OBOLbHH PHMCKHM u;apeM, qHjH cy 6HAH nAafieHHU;H. HanYCTHBmH Ha Kpajy TpaKHjy, nporAaCHme KpaLbeM AAapHKa H3 pO.ll.a BaATa. AAaPHKY ce npH.ll.p)':lKH KpaLb Pa.n.arac, O.ll. Kojera, npeMa CBe.ll.OqelbY KAaY.ll.HjaHa, EBTponHja, Opo3Hja H BjoH.ll.a, He 6eme CTpamHHjer qOBeKa. I1Hme A6Aa6HO .ll.a ce OH H3HeHa.n.a nojaBHO C .ll.BeCTa xHLba.n.a paTHHKa, Te Ka.n. HM AAapHK YKa3a nOBepelbe, KpeHyme nLbaqKaTH H naAHTH TpaKHjy, I1aHoHHjy, 11AHPHK H HOpHK. Y30XOAHBmH ce 360r CBOjHX ycnexa, Pa.n.arac ce 3aKAe CBOjHM 6oroBHMa .ll.a fie HM, HaCTaBH AH no6eUHBaTH, :lKpTBOBaTH CBY HTaAHjaHCKY KpB, y3 npeTlby .ll.a fie 3aTpTH PHMCKO HMe H O.ll. 11TaAHje HanpaBHTH rOTCKY H y3 :lKeLbY .ll.a ce u;apeBH, TaKO KaKO ce npeMa ABryCTY H Ue3apy Ha3HBaxy ABryCTHMa H Ue3apHMa, no lbeMY 30BY Pa.n.araCHMa. Ho Bor He OTpnH TOAHKY OXOAOCT H 06eCT, Te ra npe.ll.a y PYKe xpHmfiaHHMa. OHH ra nopa3Hme y 6P.ll.HMa KO.ll. Cl>HecoAa, r.ll.e ra .ll.OqeKa ja.n.Ha CMPT. AAapHK 6eme npemao y IIInaHHjy, Koja OCTa y lberoBoM noce.n.y TpHHaeCT ro.ll.HHa, HaKOH qera ce rOTCKH KpaLb BpaTH y 11TaAHjy. CBa TaMomlba lberOBa .ll.eAa MOry ce npoHafiH KO.ll. nHcau;a KOjH ce n03a6aBHme rOTHMa, O.ll.HOCHO KO.ll. BjOH.ll.a, Ca6eAHKa H OTOHa Cl>pH:lKaHHHa y 4. KlbH3H. rOTH .n.yro paToBaxy H C cppaHaqKHM KpaLbeBHMa, HO 6exy HCTjepaHH H3 lbHXOBor KpaLbeBCTBa, Te ce BpaTHme nOHOBO y IIInaHHjy. 3a BpeMe BAa.n.aBHHe Mapu;eAa [MapU;HjaHa] Hana.n.ome Cl>paHU;YCKY no.ll. BOUCTBOM MepoBeja HAH MapaBHja H 3aY3eme TaMO MHore rpa.n.OBe. Mapu;eA nOCAa Ha lbHX CBora BOjCKOBOUY AliYTnpaH.ll.a KOjH nOBe.ll.e 6op6y C lbHMa. 11cToBpeMeHO H cppaHaqKH KpaLb A6.ll.lipaM 3apaTH C rOTHMa, Kao mTO ce BH.ll.H KO.ll. rBalbHHa y 3. KlbH3H, a 6eme TO npe ATHAHHOr .ll.OAaCKa y 11TaAHjy, jep HaKOH }beroBa .ll.OAaCKa rOTH OCTa.ll.ome YBeK y MHpy C Cl>paHU;HMa, KaKO ce qHTa KO.ll. I1poKonHja H y A6Aa6Hja. HaKOH mTO CMO YKpaTKO H3 AO:lKHAH 36HBalba Be3aHa y3 BH3HrOTe, OCBPHHMO ce ca.n.a Ha OCTPOroTe. OHH ce xpa6po O.ll.6paHHme O.ll. HacpTaja 199 Busuzomu cy 25 zOGuHa 6e3 /CpQ.Jba. 114 Paaazac, cmpawHuju Paaazacoea 1CpQ.Jb. Haj3aK:.l!emea. Paaazac nOpa:?K:eH y cPuecOlly. Busuzoma. IIpoeQ.Jbyjy y 4JpaHl&Yc/Cy. lloayxeamu Ocmpozoma.