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Mavro Orbini - Kraljevstvo Slovena.novo izdanje

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Published by preda74pop, 2023-02-02 13:24:48

Mavro Orbini - Kraljevstvo Slovena.novo izdanje

Mavro Orbini - Kraljevstvo Slovena.novo izdanje

WIIF Ocmpozomu XYHa, Te Ka,n; cpeha OKpeHY Aeba ATHAHHHM CHHOBHMa, ucmepajy XYHe OCTpOrOTH HX HCTepaIlie H3 TIaHoHHje H Me3Hje, HaHOCehH U3 naHO,:uje U IliTeTe TaKobe H y I1AHpm«y. O,n u;apa i\eoHa rroro,n60M Me3Uje. 6 . 6 . . . h ,no HIlie 3eMlbe KOJe exy op)')KJeM OCBOJHAH, ,naJY H MY 3a Taou;a Teo,nopHKa, KOjH 3aTHM rrOCTa Kpalb I1TaAHje. Y TO ,n06a rpa,n PHM 6ejaIlie Y KpaTKOM rrepHO,ny rrOTAa'feH O,n MHorHX rocrro,napa H u;apeBa; rrpHCTHrOIlie PHU;HMep, BaCHAHCK, AHTeHHje, 3eHOH, MapKO, i\eoH, OAHM6pHje, fAHl1S u;epHje, Kao H OpeCT H CHH lLeroB ABryCTYA, KOjH 3aBAa,naIlie u;apCTBOM. KaKO TO rrOCTHrOIlie, Ta'fHO CY OrrHCaAH EjOH,nO, Ca6eAHKO Y 2. KaH3H 8. EHea,n;e, TIoMrroHHje i\eTo H I1BaH Pe,noBHHK. Ja, 6y,nyhH ,na ce 6aBHM OHHMe IliTO ce TH'fe CAOBeHCKora Hapo,na H TpruKHM OHO IliTO je Hy:lKHO OBOM ,neAY, oKaHHhy ce HcrrHTHBaaa ,npyrHx cTBapH Koje HHCY y ,nHpeKTHoj CBe3H C TOM TeMOM. Y BpeMe, ,naKAe, Ka,n; CnooeHu A C 3azocnooape PHMCKHM UapCTBoM BAa,nallle BIYCTYA, Kpalb AOBeHa PyPuMCK:U.M jaHau;a OToKap 3arocrro,napH I1TaAHjOM H orrlba'fKa TpeUapcmeoM. BH30, BHheHIJ;y H Eperny, Te 3aY3e rpa,n; TIaBHY. TIHIlie Ca6eAHKo ,na 6eIlie Ta,n;a rrpoAHBeHo pHMcKe KpBH Kao HH je,nHoM ,npyroM rrpHAHKoM o,n rrO'feTKa rrporraCTH PHMcKor 3a epeMe Kpalba UapcTBa. 0 ,npyrHM rro,nyxBaTHMa MO:lKe ce BH,neTH y OTOOmOlcapa Ha c:ppH:lKaHHHa y 4. KlLH3H, rrorAaBlbY 31. OpecT H ABryCCJlOOeHU TyA ja,n;HO H3ry6HIlie :lKHBOT, 3a rrpHMep ,npyrHMa ,na HHKO 8Jlaoaxy y He MO:lKe OAaKO rrpHcBojHTH u;apCKH HaCAOB. TaKO PHM y Hma.lluju 15 zoOuHa. roTOBO ,nBe ro,nHHe H3ry6H ,nBaHaeCT u;apeBa, o,n KOjHX HajBehH ,neo 6H y6HjeH, a HH o,n je,nHora ,npyror Hapo,na He rrpHMH Te:lKe y,napu;e HO o,n Hapo,na CAOBeHCKor. HaKOH IliTO 6exy 3aTpAH PHMCKO UapCTBO y I1TaAHjH, CAOBeHH rrOCTa,n;OIlie rrpBH TybHHCKH Hapo,n KOjH 3arocrro,napH TOM 3eMlbOM, a aKO y I1TaAHjH He OCTa HHIliTa o,n CAaBe PHMCKor UapCTBa, TO je CTora IliTO CBe TO o,nHece ca C060M Hapo,n CAOBeHCKH. TIa aKO KHpa BeAH'fajy jep je rrOKopHO·" XaA.neju;e, AAeKcaH,npa BeAHKor jep je rro,n'fHHHO rrepcHjcKO u;apCTBO, a PHMlbaHe jep cy 3aTpAH rpqKj' ,np:lKaBY, OH,na H3Ha,n; CBera rpe6a BeAH'faTH H CAaBHTH CAOBeHe, jep cy CTaAH Ha Kpaj OXOAOCTH PHMlbaHa. OTOKap, Kora ,npyrH 30­ By O,noaKap, 6ejaIlie CAOBeH PyjaHau;, Kao IliTO rrHllle BOAq,raHr i\au; Ha HeKOAHKO MeCTa y CBOjHM Ce06aMa Hapo,na, Kao H AA6epT KpaHU; y 1. KaH3H, rrorAaBlbY 35. 0 BaH,naAHjH, a 6ejaIlie M)')K BHCOKa pacTa H 3a,n;p:lKa BAaCT y I1TaAHjH rreTHaeCT ro,nHHa. TIpeCTpaBlbeH lLeroBoM rpo30TOM, 'fHTaB rpa,n; PHM My H3abe y cycpeT, o,najyhH TOM CAOBeHCKOM MY:JKY Behe rrO'faCTH HO IliTO ce rrpHcTojH CMPTHHKj', a 3aTHM ra rr03,npaBH Kpalb PHMlbaHa. TOAHKe rrO'faCTH H BeAH'fHHa OTOKapOBa u;apCTBa H3a3BaIlie 3aBHCT KO,n OCTporoTa H KO,n u;apa 3eHOHa, Te OHH rro,nCTaKOllle Kpalba OCTpOroTa Teo,nopHKa ,na YCTaHe Ha OTo116 Kapa. YXBaTHIlie ce y KOlllTau; Ha peU;H TIa,n;, r,ne OTOKap 200 6H CBAa,n;aH y3 BeAHKe TeIliKohe. 3aMeTHyrne 60j TpHrryT, HO KOHa'fHO Kao rr06e,nHHK H3abe Teo,nopHK, a OTOKap rro6e:lKe y PaBeHY. HaKOH Tporo,nHIlilLe orrca,n;e PaBeHe, y3 rrpaBe,nHY ce rroro,n6y H YCAOBe rrpe,na,ne, HO 360r Teo,nopHKOBe rrpeBape Ha Kpajy H3ry6H :lKHBOT. Teo,nopHK, ,naKAe, rrOCTa,ne rocrro,nap 'fHTaBe I1TaAHje, Te TaKO I1TaAHja JOIli je,nHOM rrOTrra,n;e rro,n BAaCT CAOBeHa. Taj Teo,nopHK (KaKO HarrHca TIpoKorrHje fpK) rro,nH:lKe H rrorrpaBH MHore pyIlieBHHe y I1TaAHjH, a KaKO 6H je 60lbe ,np:lKao y rroKopHoCTH, rroTpy,nH ce cTehH BeAHKj' HaKAOHOCT. YMpe HaKOH TpH­ ,neceT ce,naM ro,nHHa BAa,naBHHe, a aerOBOM cMphy 6H HapYIlieH MHp y I1TaAHjH. HaHMe, rrOlllTO 3arocrro,napH 3eMlbOM, CBHM CBOjHM CHaraMa rrOTpy,nH ce ,na 06e36e,nH I1TaAHjH, a HapO'fHTO rpa,ny PHMY, MHp H cBaKoBpcHY yKpaIlieHOCT. Ko :lKeAH 6HTH caBpIlieHo yrryheH rro TOM rrHTalLY, HeKa 'fHTa rrOCAaHHu;e rrOY3,naHor CBe,nOKa PaCHo,nopa, H3 KOjHX he BH,neTH KaKO oBaj KHe3 3a CBe BpeMe cBoje BAa­ ,naBHHe, H3Y3eB rrOCAe,naHX rO,nHHa, 6ejaIlie rrpe,naH BeAH­ 'faay H YKpaIliaBaay I1TaAHje, TaKO ,na HH PHM HH I1TaAHja He rrO:lKaAHllle ,n06a OKTaBHjaHa ABryCTa, TpajaHa, Xa,ll.pHjaHa HAH 6HAO Kor ,npyror o,n rroHaj60lbHx BAa,napa. HaKOH Teo,n0pHKoBe CMPTH, ,naKAe, u;ap JyCTHHHjaH, HaMepaBajyhH ,na rrOBpaTH I1TaAHjy H oCAaaajyhH ce Ha xpa6poCT ,npyrH, BOlbe CTpaIlilbHB H pHKe, OTOH TIHCU;H BepHOCT Ka,n; c:ppH:lKaHHH 3apaTH a 3a HapO'fHTO yBH,ll.e KojHMa BeAH3apa H C MaAo,nyIliaH, OCTporOTHMa, ,na y ce 5. rrarra I1TaAHjOM KOjH MopaM KaH3H, TIHO 6eIlie Kao rrOBo,nHTH i\eoHap,no a BAa,n;a II. yqHHH IliTO HCTjepao Y KOMeHTapHMa rroKa3yjy H TO ,na y ApeTHHo THM BaH,ll.aAe rrpHrroBe,naay je 6paHH BHIlie TIpoKorrHje, H EjOH,ny. H3 MHorH ,npare Kpalb Aq,­ 0 TOM JYCTHHHjaHoBoM pary rrpOTHB fOTa, jecy TIpoKorrHje fpK, KOjH Y 'feTHpH KaHre BpAO ,n06po orrHca Taj paT, 3aTHM fB,nOH H3 PaBeHe, i\eoHap,ll.O ApeTHHO, BjOH,nO H Ca6eAHKO y 8. EHea,n;H. HaKOH TIpoKorrHja, CKoAaCTHK H3 CMHpHe HajHcu;prrHHje ce o,n CBHX rr03a6aBHo BeAH3apoBHM H Hap3ecoBHM paToM rrpOTHB fOTa, BobeHHM 3a BpeMe KOH3YAaTa CHAeHU;HjaHa H MaKe,nOHHja. BeAH3ap 6H, ,ll.aKAe, rrpBH KOjH HCTepa OCTporoTe H3 CHU;HAHje, HaTepa y 6eKCTBO aHXOBor Kpalba TeO,ll.aTa H rrOHOBHO OCBOjH rpa,ll. HarrYlb. YXBaTHBlllH ce y KOlllTau; C OCTporoTHMa y 6AH3HHH PHMa, rro H360p PHMCKH BOjHHU;H H3ry6HIlie TaMO :lKHBOT, a ,npyrH ce crraCHIlie 6HjeroM. Ho fOTH KpeHyrne 3a lLHMa CBe ,nO BpaTa TIHHU;Ha H 3aMeTHyrne TaMO u;eAO­ ,nHeBHy 60p6y, y KOjOj ce xpa6poIlihy H cHaroM HCTaKHY H3Ha,n CBHX ,npyrHx YpcH,na fOT. PHMlbaHH, YBH,ll.eBIliH ,ll.a ry6e 6HTKj', rroBYKoIlie ce y rpa,n KOjH ce Ha,n;e rro,n TeIliKOM orrca,n;OM. TIo ,npyrH rryT rra,n;e OKO ,nBeCTa XHlba,na PHMlbaHa. TIOHOBHO ce cYK06HIlie, a Y TOj 6HU;H rrorHHYllle CBH 201 Hma.lluja oyzyje ceojy YlCpaweHocm K{Xl.Jby Ocmpozoma TeooopulCy. BeJlU3ap ucmepa Ocmpozome ca CUYUJluje. P'u.M.lbaHu nomytteHU 00 OCmpDzoma. 117 nOHoeo naOHe oeecma XUlbaoa P'u.M.lbaHO.


CpqaHH pHMCKH BOjHHU:H. KOHaqHO rpa,n. PHM 6H onKOlheH Yliuw.me H npHTHCHYT rAal)y, TaKO .n.a .:lKeHe, .n.eu:y, CTapu:e H .n.pyre Ml.Ulalio. Ocmpozomu o.n.Be.n.ome y HanYlh. ilHmy TO ilpoKonHje H ApeTHHO y 1. .K:l'bH3H. HaKoH Tora rOTH CnaAHme rpa,n.OBe KOMO H PliMHHH. 3aY3eme MHAaHO H nOTnYHo ra YHHmTHme, a 6eme y6HjeHo MHOro CTaHOBHHKa 06a nOAa. Pa3pymHBmH rpa,n. roTOBO .n.o TeMelha, nocyme ra COlhY, KaKO nHme ilpoKonHje. BHCKYn ,UaKHje H BapHecPPH.n., npeM.n.a onHcarne HeBOlhe H ja,n.e Koje MHAaHO npeTpnH, HnaK OBY noTomUJI.a oc8aja CAe.n.lbY He cnoMeHyme. HaKOH TOra KPalb ATaAapHK cpy­ ~lioza umWlU- mH BpaTa rpa,n.a PliMa 3BaHa CaAlma. ilo.n. KpalbeM TojalicKa Mecma. B 6 . THAOM rOTH nOKopHme eHeBeHT, KOMO, AYKY, KaAa PHJY H AnYAHjy. 3ap06Hme TaKol)ep 6po.n.oBe KOjHM je ,UeMeTpHje npeB03HO HaMHpHHu:e y PHM, a npHcBojHme H MaKCHMHHOBe Aal)e C noca,n.aMa caCTaBlheHHM o.n. XYHa. 3ay­ 3aY3ew.e HanYJb. 3eme 3aTHM Hanylh H pa30pHme AYCHM, .n.aHac OCHM, Kao H PHMHHH, na nOHOBHO oCBojHme CnOAeTO H ACKOAH. OTOH ¢pH.:lKaHHH y 4. KlbH3H 06pal)yje CBa Ta 36HBalba. Ho CyH.n.a, BpAO nOY3.n.aH ayTOp HCTOPHjCKlIX .n.eAa, npenyTao HX je, npeM.n.a 6ejame cnoMeHYo BeAH3apa, Hap3eca, JYCTHHHjaHa, ATaAapHKa, Teo.n.opHKa H OCTaAe, a yqHHH TO KaKO IIocmaje He 6H YMalbHO CAaBY H .n.OCTOjaHCTBO rpKa. TaKo 3601' Mazocnooap zo- Ha nHcau:a nOJl.YXBaTH CAOBeHCKor Hapo.n.a na,n.ajy y 3a­ moeo 'iUma8e 60paB. OCBojHBmH PaBeHY, ne3eHY H rpa.n. 3BaH ilHeTpa H HmaJIuje. nOCTaBmH rocno.n.ap roTOBO qHTaBe HTaAHje, TOTHAa HaMeTHY PHMy TaKBY onca.n.y .n.a CTaHOBHHU:H 6ejaxy npHcHlheHH jeCTH Kopelbe, MHmeBe H TpaBe YMecTo YKYCHHX jeAa. Ta.n.a nana BHrHAHje, CMHAOBaBmH ce lbHXOBOM l'r..tM!baliu BeAHKOM ja.n.y, Hape.n.H .n.a HM ce O.ll.Be3e .:lKHTO, Koje My w.aJbY TomUJI.u TOTHAa 3aTHM 0.n.y3e. PHMlhaHH, .n.a.:KAe, YBH.n.eBmH y KaKBOj U3aCJU1Ii~lCa cy HeBOlhH, nOCAame TOTHAlf CBor H3aCAaHHKa ileAarHja, y IIe.JI.uzuja. . H HaCTOJalbY .n.a ra Ha HeKH HaqHH yMHpe. 0 HHmTa He no-. , CTHraBmH, MHorH PliMlhaHH yMpeme o.n. rAa.n.H. Y Mel)yapeMeHY TOTHAa, npOHamaBmH nyT, yl)e Hony y PHM, Te yjy118 TpO npoKpCTapH rpa,n.oM HCYKaHlIX H OKpBaBlheHHx MaqeToml.Ula y6 . . n 6 T YCMpmu Ba, HJaJY H CBaKora Ha Kora H HaHmao. OTHAa caceqe 08aoecem oee .Il.Ba,n.eceT .n.Be XHlha,n.e rpKa H3 o6paM6eHHX noca,n.a CMemXUJbaoe rpKa. TeHlIX y HTaAHjH, a KOjH 6Hjaxy OCTaAH onKOlheHH y PHMY. Pu..MCICU TpenHHa rpa,n.CKHX 3H.Il.HHa 6H nopymeHa, KanHToA cna6p€JICYJb!!,u lbeH, orlbeM H MaqeM YHHmTeHe AenOTe npe.n.rpal)a. KBHK8UPUliWl U pHHaA H ABeHTHHcKH 6per 6exy cpaBlbeHH ca 3eMlhOM H AeelimUIi cpa8~beliU ca CnalbeHH. TaKo rpa.n. PHM 6H caCBHM OnlbaqKaH H yHHm3e.MJbOM. TeH. Ha H3AacKY, TOTHAa ra OCTaBH npa3HHM. 0 PliMe, rocno.n.apy Hapo.n.a, KO 6eme oHaj mTO Te TOAHKO nyTa AHmH CBHX TBOjHx rpal)aHa OTeBmH HX o.n. Te6e? He 6H TO Y npomAOCTH .n.onymTeHo HH ilapTHMa, HH XaHH6aAY XaMHAKapoBY, qaK HHKa,n.a HHKoMe, H3Y3eB Heno6e.n.HBoM Hapo.n.y CAOBeHCKOM. TH mTO CH 06HqHO .n.OHOCHO cnac H 6HO 202 ........ qyBap .n.pyrHx rpa,n.OBa, He Mora,n.e cnaCHTH HH 0.n.6paHHTH ce6e caMora o.n. CAOBeHa. BpaTHMO ce ca,n. HameM npe.n.­ Mery. HaKOH YHHmTelba PliMa, TOTHAa nOHOBHO CBAa,n.a CTaHOBHHKe AYKe, A6pyu:a H KaAa6pHje H yCMpTH BHme o.n. .n.BjeCTa BojHHKa rpqKOr BojcKoBol)e JOBaHa, a TeK HX ce HeKOAHU:HHa cnaCH 6eKCTBOM y KamTeA y PyCTHKaHY· HaKOH 3aY3ena PyCTHKaHa H ilepyl)e, TOTHAa 0.n.y3e PliMlhaHHMa KHnap H AKapHaHHjy. Y Mel)yapeMeHY BeAH3ap npHOHY pa,n.OBHMa Ha YTBpI)HBa:H>Y PliMa Haj60]he mTO MOrame. Ho CBe 6H Y3aAY.n., jep ce TOTHAa BpaTH H nOHOBHO 3aY3e rpa,n.. TaKO TOTHAa H OCTporOTH jom je.n.HOM npoY3pOKOBame nponaCT PHMa. By.n.ynH .n.a 3arocno.n.apHme CHU:HAHjOM H qHTa:BOM IhaAHjoM, OCHM Pa:BeHOM, AHKOHOM H OTpaHTOM, u:ap JyCTHHHjaH HHje Morao BHme TPneTH npona,n.albe IJ,apcTBa. iloCAa CTora ymKonlheHHKa Hap3eca ca CBHM lberOBHM lhy.n.HMa, a Taj, nOBeBmH ca co60M neT XHlha,n.a AaHro6ap.n.a, TpH XHlha,n.e BepAa HAlf XepYAa H qeTHpH XHlha.n.e renH.ll.a, HacpHY Ha OCTporoTe H 3aMeTHyrne .n.Bo.n.HeBHH 60j. Ho Ka,n. OCTporoTH YBH.n.eme .n.a Ha Kpajy He nOCTH.:lKY .n.pyro OCHM HenpeCTaHor paTOBa:H>a C PliMlhaHHMa, o.n.peKome ce noce.n.a Ha.n. HTaAHjOM, y3 YCAOB, MeI)YTHM, .n.a HM 6y.n.e .n.onyrnTeHo H3HeTH H3 HTaAHje CBa cBoja .n.06pa H o.n.HeTH HX r.n.e HM je BOlha. KaKO HM je TO 0.n.6HjeHo, 3anpeTHme .n.a ne ce 60PHTH .n.o nOCAe.n.lber qOBeKa. ,U06HBmH HanOKOH Tpa.:lKeHO, HanYCTHme HTaAHjy. AAH KO 6eme Taj TKO lIX npHCHAH .n.a 3aTpa.:lKe Ha:Be.n.eHe YCAOBe? MO)KJl.a rpU:H, HAH PHMlhaHH? To ce caCBHM CHrypHO He MO.:lKe TBp.n.HTH, jep KOAHKO ro.n. 6ejarne nOTnOMOl'HYT o.n. rpKa H PliMlhaHa, BeAH3ap HHKa,n. He o.n.Hece n06e.n.y Ha,n. rOTHMa 6e3 nOMonH XYHa H BepAa. HCTO HX TaKO HH Hapcec He 6H Morao Ha,rQaqaTH 6e3 opy­ .:lKaHe nOMonH CAoBeHa, O.n.HOCHO BepAa H renH.n.a. o.n. HCTora po.n.a Kao H rOTH. 3anHce 0 TOMe OCTaBH rpqKH ayTop ilpoKonHje. AeOHap.n.o APeTHHO, HanpOTHB, npenYTa MHOro TOra mTO 6H no.n.apHAO cjaj nOJl.YXBaTHMa rOTa, nHrnynH HCKlhyqHBO 0 lbHXOBoj nponaCTH H npHKpHBajynH MHore Hecpene HTaAHje. Be3 CBaKe CyMlbe H CaM ilpoKonHje, npHcyTaH y cnOMeHyTOM pary C JYCTHHHjaHoBe CTpaHe, OCTaBH He.n.opeqeHHM MHoro TOra mTO 6H nOTaMHHAO BpAHHe H CHary rpKa, a npOCAa:BHAO rOTe.,Ua nHCU:H HHCY CBOjHM H3MHIJ1lhOTHHaMa H AaCKalbHMa HCKPHBHAH HCTOPHjy, jacHo je .n.a 6HCMO ca,n.a qHTaAH H 0 CAOBeHCKHM noJl.YXBaTHMa KY.n.HKaMO .n.OCTOjHHjHM mTOBalba, npeM.n.a cy .n.OBOlhHH Ben H OHH KOjH cy OCTaAH 3a6eAe.:lKeHH. AYTOPH 3anHCaxy CaMO OHO mTO He Mora,n.ome npenYTaTH a .n.a He HaBYKY Ha ce6e rp.n.He npeKope, 6y.n.ynH .n.a 6eme n03HaTO Ben y u:eAOM cBery: jep CBe H .n.a ilpoKonHje 3aje.n.HO ca CBHM rpU:HMa H HTaAHjaHHMa XTe.n.e TO npenYTaTH, HnaK 203 TomUJI.a oC8aja Kunap u AlCapaliujy. 119 Ocmpozomu lie MOZaw.e Mlioze MOnU 'ialiU 6umu noiJyx8ame AeOfiapoo Apemulio C.Jw8eHa. npenyma roma. 6e3 opyi!UX c.JtaeH.€ liaoja­no­


~ 6H rpa,n: PHM C '-IHTaBOM 11TaAHjoM rrOCBe.ll:OqHO HCTHHY, a He 6H .lI:OrrYCTHO .lI:a TaMa rrpeKpHje llITO 3a C060M OCTaBH rrperrAeMeHHTH HapO.ll: CAOBeHCKH, KOjH rrpOAH TOAHKO pHMCKe KpBH. Taj ce JYCTHHHjaHoB paT C fOTHMa OTerHY CBe .lI:O rrOCAe.ll:FbHX rO.ll:HHa FberoBor :lKHBOTa, rra H HaKOH Tora, 6Y.lI:YhH .lI:a ce fOTH rrO.ll:eAHIlle, Te ce je.ll:aH .lI:eo rrpH­ .lI:PY:lKH EyprYH.lI:HMa H <ppaHqHMa, KOjH 3aTHM rrOHOBHO YCTarne Ha PHMlbaHe. ,lI.pyrH .lI:eo ce rrpHrrojH .lI:PyrHM HapO.ll:HMa Y FbHXOBHM 60paBHIllTHMa, a TpehH .lI:eo, O.ll:HOCHO OCTporoTH KOjH 6ejaxy rrpeOCTaAH HaKOH TOAHKHX paTOBa, OCTa TaMO rro.ll: HTaAHjaH~KHM HMeHOM, KaKO rrHIlle Ca6eAHKO Y 5. KFbH3H 8. CTora rrpoH3Aa3H .lI:a llTaAHjaHH, KOjH cY YBeK 06HqHO Ha3HBaAH fOTe H .lI:pyre CAOBeHCKe HapO.ll:e BapBapHMa, HHCY HHIllTa .lI:pyro .lI:O rae 3aapWUw.e oCTaqH BapBapa, O.ll:HOCHO fOTa, BaH.lI:aAa, BepAa H ococmalJO roma. . llOOYXEamu BU3Ucoma. TaAHX CAoBeHa. PeKaBIllH .lI:aKAe H rrOKa3aBIllH rro.ll: KOJHM ce HMeHOM H KojeM Hapo.ll:Y rrpHKlbyqHIlle OCTporoTH, rro3a6aBHMo ce ca,n:a o CTaAHM a , TO jecT BH3HrOTHMa, KOjH 6exy .lI:pyrH .lI:eo fOTa. OHH rraK O.ll:OIlle y illrraHHjy H rrpey3eIlle HMe illrraFbOAaqa, Kao IllTO rrHIlle I1peHHqyc y 6. KFbH3H. ITpoTepaBIllH BaH.lI:aAe H3 Tora KpalbeBCTBa, 3a­ .lI:p:lKaIlle ra y CBOM rroce.ll:Y TOKOM .lI:YrHx rO.ll:HHa, Kao IllTO oTBopeHo rroKa3yje MHxaeA PHTHYC. KpalbeBH H rroToMqH pO.ll:a FbHXOBa rOTOBO CBe .lI:O BpeMeHa HaIllHX rrpe.ll:aKa 120 BAa,n:axy illrraHHjoM xpa6poIllhy CBOjOM H BOjHOM cHaroM. Bu3U20mu OCTaBHBIllH faAHjy ¢paHqHMa, BHIlle rryTa 3arocrrO.ll:apHeuwe nyma Ille illrraHHjoM; TpH HAH qeTHpH rryTa OCBojHIlle faAHjy, 3aB.1l.aaaW.e IT' M' T' .lI:Barryr aHOHHJY, TPHrryT e3HJY, Ce.ll:aM rryTa paKHJY, Te <Jemupu nyma Ha Kpajy 3aBAa,n:aIlle qHTaBHM I1CTOKOM. Pa360pHT qHTa­ oceojuw.e ra- Aaq HeKa BH.lI:H yqHHHIlle AH TO HKa,n:a AAeKCaH.lI:ap BeAH­ Jlujy, .mpunym KH, KHP HAH XaHH6aA. Ha KOjH HaqHH fOTH rrOCTHrOIlle TOMe3U1Y CeaaM . T.r • • • nyma TpW<:ujy. AHKO TOra, OMHqHO ~OKa3YJe rreCHHK fi.L\a~.lI:HJaH KOJH,. < rrpeM.lI:a BeAHKH HerrpHJaTelb fOTa, OCTaBH 6poJHe 3arrHce 0 FbHXOBOj BOjHOj CHa3H, a rroHajBHIlle 0 BaH.lI:aAHMa, Hapo.ll:Y BmlaaJlU. (KaKo CMO rrOKa3aAH) CAOBeHCKOM. HarrYCTHBIllH CKaH.lI:HHanywmalY . ClmHaCUHa8ujy HaBHJY, BaH.lI:aAH rrpoBe.ll:OIlle Ha rryTy qeAY rO.ll:HHY, rrpe HO u nymyjy IllTO CTHrOIlle .lI:O peKe BHCAe, KaKO H3BeIllTaBa Jop.ll:aHeC cOaUHY aaHa 00 AAaH yrAe.ll:ajyhH ce Ha ,lI.eKcHrra fpKa. Ta peKa 6eIlle 3ape/Ce BuCJle. THM rrp03BaHa BaH.lI:aA, rro HMeHY FbHXOBe KPalbHqe BaHllo /COMe pe/Ca . 6 . ( M' BaHaaJl ao6u .lI:aAe KOJa ce 3 or rropa3a O.ll: HerrpHJaTelba KaKO rrHIlle Jemo lLMe. XOBHTa y 1. KFbH3H, rrorAaBlbY 12, 6aqH y Ty peKY, a BaH­ .lI:aAHMa .lI:a,n:e HMe. Ho JoxaH ABeHTHHYc TBP.ll:H y 1. KFbH3H .lI:a 6ejaxy rrpo3BaHH TaKO rro KpalbY KOjH Y .lI:06a JoaHa ITaTpHjapxa OCTa Ha rrpeCToAy rryHHx qeTp.ll:eCeT roBaHaaJlU n03- .lI:HHa, Te HMe BaH.lI:aAH H BeHe.ll:H rrOTHqe jOIll O.ll: Tor BpeHamu uy 6 . 8peMa MeHa. CrrOMeHyTH HapO.ll:H exy O.ll:YBeK Ha rAacy rro paTHOJ Ane/CCaHapa BeIllTHHH, a CAaBHO HM HMe 6eIlle H y BpeMe AAeKCaH.lI:pa BeJlu/coc. BeAHKOr, y qHjHM rrO.ll:YBaTHMa yBeK cY.ll:eAoBaxy, KaKO 204 H3BeIllTaBa ITeTpH Cy<PPH.lI:H y 3. KFbH3H, r.ll:e OBaKO Ka:lKe: BaH.lI:aAH ce 60pHIlle rro.ll: 3arrOBe.ll:HHIllTBOM AAeKCaH.ll:pa BeAHKor, a HaKOH FberOBe CMpTH BpaTHIlle ce y CBOj 3aBHqaj KOjH 3aTHM 3aY3eIlle CacHo 3arrHCaHO TO (Ka:lKe caM Cy<PPH.lI:H) H Y <PPH3HjCKOM AeTOrrHCY, KO.ll: AA6epTa KpaHqa y CaCKOM rrperAe.ll:Y, KO.ll: AA6epTa H3 illTa.ll:ea, BHTHKHH.lI:a CaKcoHqa, BepHepa POAeHBHKa, y .lI:eAHMa JoxaHa H3 EceHa H XeHpHKa H3 Xep<pop.ll:a, a TaKol)e H <pPaHqyCKHX rrHcaqa H KO.ll: CHre6epTa H3 lKaM6Aya. ITHIlle EjOH.lI:O y 1. KFbH3H I. ,lI.eKa.ll:e .lI:a OCaM.lI:eCeT XHlba.ll:a BaH­ .lI:aAa y BpeMe Ue3apa ABryCTa 3aY3e HCTOqHY 06aAy peKe PajHe, O.ll:aKAe HX ,lI.py3 H TH6epHje HaTepaIlle Ha rrOBAaqeIhe y CBOj rrpBo6HTHH 3aBHqaj, rro.ll: KOjHM ce, BepyjeM, rrO.ll:pa3YMeBa oHaj KOjH HM ITAHHHje .lI:O.ll:elbyje KO.ll: KaprraTCKHX ropa Ha rpaHHqaMa ca CapMaTHjoM, O.ll:HOCHO ITOlbCKOM. YrrpaBO OTY.ll:a MHOro rrpe TOra KpeHYIlle HacelbaBaTH o6aAe EaATHqKOr Mopa, Te y rrOqeTKY paTOBaxy qeCTO C ,lI.aHqHMa H CaCHMa. PaToBaxy rrpOTHB qapa MapKa AHToHHja y .lI:PYIllTBY C MapKOMaHHMa. KaKO rrHIlly EBTporrHje H ITaBAe Opo3Hje. HaMyqHIlle CTaAHHM paTOBaIheM qHTaBY fepMaHHjy, 0 qeMY ITeTpH Cy<PPH.lI:H y crrOMeHYToj KIhH3H OBHM peqHMa Ka:lKe: HaAa3HM y HaIllHM apXHBaMa .lI:a .lI:eBeT ro.ll:HHa HaKOH TOr paTa C MapKOMaHHMa, TO jeCT AeTa fOCrrO.ll:Fber 183, qHTaBa fepMaHHja 6H rrpHTHcHYTa BeAHKHM CTpaxOM rrpe.ll: BaH.lI:aAHMa H IToAoHHMa, KOjH HaCpHyBIllH Ha Ihy rrpHcHAHIlle MHore lbY.ll:e .lI:a ce rroBYKY y BpAO MaAe H c~eHe rrpocTope, .lI:OK .lI:pyre caCBHM rrpoTepaIlle H3 FbHXOBHX rrpe6HBaAHIllTa, a OHH caMH ce 3aycTaBHIlle Ha .lI:pyroj 06aAH peKe Be3ep. HarrYCTHBIllH Te KpajeBe ro.ll:HHe 500. peKoM Be3ep O.ll:OIlle CBe .lI:O ¢pH3Hje, Te ce 3aYCTaBHIlle Ha HCTOqHOj 06aAH peKe AMH3Hje, KaKO qHTaMO KO.ll: AH.lI:peaca KOpHeAHCa CTaBOpeHCKor. Ho Ka,n: HX Harra,n:e THT EOjOKaA, 6paT BojBO.ll:e O.ll: ¢pH3Hje Me6aA­ .lI:a, rrpeTprreIlle rropa3 H 6ejaxy OTepaHH C peKe nJ:IIlll~Slll ,lI.o Ta.ll:a Cy<PPH.lI:H roBOPH 0 BaH.lI:aAHMa. CYK06HIlle ce OHH TaKol)e C BH3HroTHMa, rra Ka,n: H3ry6HIlle 6HTKY H 6eIlle rrpOTepaHH C rrpO.ll:peIlle Y ITaHoHHjy Ha,n: KOJOM 3a,n:p:lKaIlle rroce.ll: TOKOM qerp.ll:eCeT ro.ll:HHa. fO.ll:HHe 382. rrpel)oIlle y llTaAHjy rro.ll: BOl)CTBOM Kpalba MHoracHAe, Kojer .lI:pyrH, He rro3HajyhH BaH.lI:aACKH HAH CAOBeHCKH je3HK, rrorpeIllHO 30BY MO.ll:HrHCHA H MO.ll:H.lI:HCK. fO.ll:HHe 415. rrpO.ll:peIlle Y ¢paHqyCKY ca CBOjHM BOjCKOBOl)OM KpoCKOM, Te rrpoKpcTapHIlle qHTaBOM 3eMlbOM :lKapehH H rraAehH. O.ll:aTAe HX HCTepaIlle O.ll: FbHX MohHHjH BH3HroTH, Te ce rrpeKo ITHpeHeja crrycTHIlle y illrraHHjy, KOjy, 3arOCrrO.ll:apHBIllH 3eMlbOM, rro ce6H rrpo3BaIlle BaH.lI:aAY3HjOM, IllTO je 3aTHM 360r YKAaIhaFba rrpBor CAOBa rrOCTaAO AH.lI:aAY3Hja. UapeBH BaCHAHCK H PHqHMep rroTYKoIlle HX.lI:O 205 HanmlHy ux ,lIpy3 u Tu6epuje. HaceJbaeaxy mU'4/C02 o6aJle BaJlMOpa. 121 'OPU;JI(.eHU C MapKOMaHlLIW. apamyjy c Pu..M.!baHlLMa, BaHaaJlU cy cmpaxu nem repMaHuje. tiUma8e mpeJ1.p;Jl(.e ay 40200uHa, llpeJla3e llaHoHujy y noce­y l1ffiaJlujy. MH02aCUJla KpQ.lb BaHaaJla. BaHOaJlU Hanaaajy tPpaHlJYCKY· llpeJla3e y IIlnaHujy.


123 r HOry, HaKOH lIITO 6exy HanaAH BeHeII,Hjy H HCTPY. KOHaqBaH.oaJIU 30 HO 3aB1\a,l:talIIe EHTHHHjOM, Ha,n:. KOjOM 3a,n:.pJ'KalIIe noce)]. zoowia oPJKe rryHHX TpH)].eCeT ro)].HHa. Ha n03HB )].a )].OOy y ACPPHKY, y3 Bumwiujyy 06enaae BeAHKHX Harpa,n:.a, npeOOlIIe rH6paATapCKH ceo.M. noceoy. MOpeY3, HO 3aTHM He o)].pJ'KalIIe 06enaae KOMHTy EOHHcpaClCllone MUp ca II,Hjy KOjH HX 6elIIe n03Bao, Hero OCBojHllIe EOH llapeM (EOHaAHKa), CaAe, TaMaHaCH)l.y, EaHacy H THHreH)].H, CBe BaJl.eHCO.M. U B . . pe)].OM BaJ'KHa MeCTa. ap aAeHTHHHJaH Ha KpaJY y3 HeKe Oceoje HYJK:He YCAOBe CKAOnH C aHMa MHP, HO HaKOH aerOBe KapmazuH.Y· CMpTH nOHOBHO YCTalIIe Ha OPYJK:je H no)]. BOOCTBOM CBore Kpa.n:.a reH3epHKa OCBojHlIIe KapTarHHY, Koja )].OTa,n:. 6ejalIIe no)]. PHMCKOM BAalIIny rryHHX 535 ro)].HHa; HaKOH Tora je Taj rpa,n:. TaKO rAaCOBHT H CAaBaH, KOjH je)].HHo PHMIhaHH 122 H TO je)].Ba 6exy npHCHAHAH Ha npe)].ajy, nOTnao no)]. BAaCT CAOBeHCKor Hapo)].a. reH3epHK HaKOH Tora, CKYfiHBlIIH IIocmaliY 6pO)].OBe, Hana)].HY H OCBojH OCTpBa Cap)].HHHjy, CHII,HAHjy, 2ocnooapu CullWtuje. KOp3HKY H E6Y3Y, KOjy THT AHBHje H ITAHHHje 30BY ITHTy3a, a KAy3Hje H6H3a. 3ay3e TaKooe MajopKY H MHHOPKY, KaKO nHlIIe BHKTOP BHTeHCKH, 6HCKYn YTHKe IJYJK:Ha ¢paHltycKaj. CHII,HAHjy npenYCTH Kpa.n:.y HTaAHje OTOKapy Ooyy llllwmcKY u [O)].oaKapy], KOjH ce 06Be3a Ha ro)].HlIIae IIAanaae )].aHKa BpumaliUjy. reH3epHKY. OTHlIIaBlIIH y lliKOTCKY H EpHTaHHjy, )].pJ'Ka Te 3eMIhe CBe )].OK He CAOMH Mon CHAHO OKpYTHor ATHAe. Ka,n:. MaKCHM HaCHAHO npey3e BAaCT Ha,n:. PHMCKHM UapCTBOM, Y3e 3a J'KeHY II,apHII,y EB)].OKCHjy, y)].OBHII,y BaAeHTHjaHOBY. iKeHa Y3BHlIIeHa )l.yXa, II,apHII,a, y CpI,16H lIITO je npHCHlbeHa Y3eTH TaKO nO,ll.Aor MYJK:a H HeMajynH )].pyror HaqHHa )].a ce OCBeTH, He 6H AH nOHOBHO CTeKAa CA060)l.y, n03Ba no TajHHM rAaCHHII,HMa cnoMeHyTora Kpa.n:.a BaH)].aAa reH3epHKa, CAaBHor no 6pOjHHM n06e)].aMa, )].a )].oOe H 3aY3Me IIocmaH.Y PHM, a ay OCA060)].HTH TaKO o)].BpaTHa 6paKa. reH3epHK 20cnoaapu cKYnH BeAHKY H MonHY CPAOTy C KOjOM 3aY3e PHM, r)].e no-~ PuMa. CTyIIH C HajBenoM OKPYTHOlIIny, a H BHlIIe 6H 3Aa nOqHHHO )].a nana AaB He y6AaJ'KH OXOAOCT H J'KeCTHHY aerOBY CBOjOM nOHH3HolIIny H KpoTKolIIny. TaKo HaKOH lIITO je qeTpHaeCT )].aHa 3AOCTaBlbao PHM, HarrycTH rpa,n:. AeTa rocno)].aer 457, o)].Bo)].enH ca C060M EB)].OKCHjy H ITAaII,H)].Hjy C MHOro )].pyFeJuLMep 6ewe rHX 3ap06lbeHHKa. reAHMep 6elIIe nOCAe)].aH Kpa.n:. BaH)].anOClleOfbU Aa. Ka,n:. ra BeAH3ap 3aTeqe y ACPPHII,H roTOBO HecnpeMHor, eaH.OaJI.CKU . 6 1qJalb. reAHMep TaKO J'KeCTOKO HaBaAH Ha HenpHJaTelba)].a H,)].a 6ejalIIe HaCTaBHO nYTeM n06e)].e, 6e3 CYMae HCTepao rpKe H3 AcppHKe je)].HoM 3a CBa BpeMeHa. Ho nponYCTHBlIIH Ty npHAHKY, )].a)].e BeAH3apy BpeMeHa )].a npHKYfiH HOBe CHareo CYR06HlIIe ce jOlII )].BanYT Ha 60jHOM nOlbY H reAHMep ce 60PHO BelIITO H CpqaHO, HO cpena, KOjOj je 06Hqaj MPBaH.oaJI.u KHM norAe)].OM o,uje)].HoM norAe)].aTH OHora KOMe ce paHHje nopa;tceH.u 00 CMelIIHAa, 6ejame TaKO HeCKAOHa BaH)].aAHMa )].a rpII,H FpKa. CaCeKOlIIe reAHMepOBOr 6paTa 3aHroHa H BeAHKH )].eo Te 206 6pojHe BojcKe BaH)].aACKe, a CaM reAHMep na)].e J'KHB y PYRe HenpHjaTelbY. Ka,n:. ra H3Be)].OlIIe npe)]. II,apa JYCTHHHjaHa H Ka,n:. yBH)].e KaKO je HaKOH Jl.YrHX ro)].HHa C BeAHKHX BHCHHa nao y Hajropy 6e)l.y H poncTBo, Kp03 CMex peqe: .TalIITHHa Ha,n:. TalIITHHaMa H CBe je TalIITHHa. (ITpon 1,2). EY)l.ynH )].a 6elIIe yqeH qOBeK H n03HaBaAaII, KAaCHqHHX H CPHA030CPCKHX )].eAa, O)].Max nOTOM )].o)].a,n:.e: Ja ce He qy)].HM, )].HqHH II,ape, lIITO caM o,uje)].HOM H3 cpene 3anao y Hecpeny, jep n03HaTa MH je HeCTaAHa npHpo)].a cpene KOjOj je 06Hqaj y lIIaAH Y3)].H3aTH H pylIIHTH CMpTHHKe, HO H Te KaKO ce qy­ )].HM KaKO MH je )].0 ca,n:.a 6HAO Moryne O)].OAeBaTH :a,eHoj npeBpTlbHBoCTH. He 6H TO 6HAO TaKO )].a HHCaM YM CBOj CHaJ'KHHM 3aKAOHHMa onacao H )].a HHcaM Y3eo y 063HP )].a je CBaKO Kora MajKa pO)].H nO,ll.AOJ'KaH npe3HpHHM nopyraMa cy)].6HHe, a THM BHlIIe OHH KOjH ce HaAa3e Ha qeAY )].pJ'KaBa H II,apCTaBa, jep lIITO ce BHlIIe HCTHqy, TO cy AaKlIIa MeTa ae3HHHX y)].apaII,a. CTora ca,n:.a, Ka,n:.a caM H caM TO HCKYCHO, CMaTpaM)].a ce OHH HHCKor nOAOJ'Kaja HMajy CMaTpaTH cpenHHjHMa 0)]. Kpa.n:.eBa, jep OCHM lIITO YJK:HBajy pelIIeHH 6pHra Koje nOBAaqe ca C060M BHCOqaHCTBO H BAaCT, y Jl.Y6HHH )l.ylIIe, y3 )].pyre y)].06HOCTH Koje HM )].OHOCH CKpOMaH nOAOJ'Kaj, 3Hajy CHryPHO )].a ne, aKO HM je cpena npoTHBHa, MaAO H3ry6HTH, jep MHoro H HeMajy. Kpa.n:.eBHMa ce, HanpOTHB, KOjH TOAHKO Tora noce,z:r,yjy, qHHH MyqHHM C BHCOKa nOAOJ'Kaja naCTH y Hajropy 6e)l.y, Kao lIITO MOry 3a ce6e penH ja KOjH CaM 3anOBe)].ao BojcKaMa, rpa)].OBHMa, nOKpajHHaMa, ycpe)]. TOAHKHX HaCAa,n:.a, YJ'KHBa:a,a H 3a)].0­ BOlbCTaBa, J'KHBenH y H306HlbY H YAHBajynH cTpaxonolIIToBaThe CBOjHM lbY)].HMa, )].a 6H MH He)l.yro nOTOM HeCTao qaK H KOMa,n:. XAe6a KOjHM 6HX YTOAHO rAa,n:., cYHoep KOjHM 6HX 06pHcao cy3e H II,HTpa Koja 6H Me YTelIIHAa y MOM 60AY. CTora ne, II,ape, KO 6y)].e pa3MaTpao TBOjy H MOjy n06eJl.Y, Me He CMaTpaTH )].OCTOjHHjHM n06e)].HHKOM 0)]. Te6e. jep TH CH O)].Heo n06eJl.Y Ha,n:. je)].HHM Kpa.n:.eM, lIITO CBaKO)].HeBHO H TOAHKH )].pyrH qHHe, a ja caM O,ll.HHO n06eJl.Y Ha,n:. HHKa)]. HH 0)]. Kora n06eoeHoM cpenoM; TH CH CKPlIIHO OHor KOjH je 0)]. :a,e CKplIIeH, a ja caM 060PHO Ha TAe ThY Koja, npeM,ll.a Me CKplIIHAa, HHje Me HnaK n06e)].HAa; TH CH ce 60PHO npoTHB qOBeKa KOjH ce 60PHO C rAaOY, a ja npOTHB OHe Koja ce HHje MorAa 3aCHTHTH MOjHM ja,n:.HMa; TH npOTHB je)].Hora 3eMa.n:.CKor KHe3a, a ja npOTHB II,apHII,e H Kpa.n:.HII,e CBHX )].pJ'KaBa H II,apCTaBa. A )].a je HCTHHa )].a caM je n06e)].HO, norAe)].aj H yBepH ce )].a caM jOlII YBeK J'KHB H )].a Me HH je)].aH :a,eH y)].apaII, HHje CpylIIHO Ha 3eMIhy , Ben ja,n:.e cBoje nO)].HOCHM HeYCTpalIIHBor )l.yXa. ITo MOMe je paCYOHBaay TO Bena n06e)].a 0)]. OHe KOjy CH TH Ha,n:.a MHOM O)].Heo noKOpHBlIIH Me, jep cBojCTBeHo je OpYJK:jy )].a n06eoyje, HO HHje qOBeKY cBojcTBeHo, aKO HHje BHlIIe 0)]. qOBeKa, cpeny 207 Mepoea Beceoa FeJlUllapy JycmuH.ujaH.Y·


.,...... 124 Ha..rUaqaTH. TeoH he, ,D.aKAe, npHnaCTH CAaBa llITO CH ceOH nO,D.qHHHO BaH,D.aACKO Kpan.eBCTBO, a MeHH llITO caM ce cpehH nOKopHO, npOTHB Koje hy ce yOy,D.yhe MohH cpqaHHje 60PHTH, jep MH HeMa BHllIe llITO O,D.y3eTH, OCHM OBora 2KHBOTa. 3HaM ja, u.ape, ,D.a TH Taj MOj 2KHBOT He }KeAHllI, jep KHe3 BeAHKH norryT Teoe He Mopa OHTH caMO MohaH H Heno6e,D.HB Ha op~jy, Hero HHllITa MaH>e O,D. Tora H MHAOCTHB. TIa qaK H Ka,D. 6H ra }KeAHO, HH Ta,D.a cpeha He 6H MorAa pehH ,D.a Me nOOe,D.RAa y6HBllIH TeAO, aAH He H .n:yx, KOjH je CaM no ceOH 6eCMpTaH H 3a Kojer 3HaMO ,D.a y H>eMY nOqHBajy OHT H cyrnTHHa qOBeKOBH, 0Y,D.yhH ,D.a je OBa CnOlhallIEbOCT Harna, Ha KOjy ce npCTOM YKa3yje, TeK ceHKa, a He npaBa CAHKa HallIa. Ho HHje Moje ,D.a ce OOjHM npeMHAOCTHBora BAa,D.apa, KOjH BpAHHe cBoje yseAHKO nOKa3yje HaKOH llITO je caBAa,D.aO HenpHjaTelha, Hero oopehH ce npoTHB H>era. OBOM KHe3Y, ,D.aKAe, n06ebeHOM nonyT MeHe H nOOe,D.HHKY Ha,D. cpehOM, O,D. H>e nOTAaqeHY H TAaqHTelhY H>e3HHOM, npe,D.ajeM ce H Beh O,D. OBora TpeHyTKa npH3HajeM ,D.a cy Me ,D.OOpOTa H BpAHHa H>erOBa n06e,D.HAe BHllIe HO op~je, jep OHO je CaBAa,D.aAO Moje THjeAO, a OHe .n:yx, 3axBan.yjyhH O,D.aHOCTH MOjOj rpU.HMa, qHjH caM pOO. Te reAHMepOBe peqH H3rOBopeHe H3 ,D.yOHHe ,D.yllIe raHYllIe u.apa TaKO ,D.a MY, npOMHCAHBllIH 0 HeCTaAHOCTH cpehe, BPAO qOBeqHO O,D.roBOPH ,D.a MO}Ke OHTH MHpaH, jep ,D.a OH HMa OOHqaj BHllIe ,D.p}KaTH ,D.O lhy,D.H BeAHKOr H IIAeMeHHTor .n:yxa Her ,D.O 6RAO Kora u.apCTBa RAH Kpan.eBcTBa, Te ,D.a oellIe 3apaTHo C EbHMe He H3 ,D.p}KaBHHqKor CAaBOlhyOlha, Beh ,D.a 6H oqysao yrAeA PHMCKor UapCTBa H nOTBp,D.HO EberOBe nOce,D.e. HaHMe, HaKOH n06e,D.e Ha,D. KaprarHHu.HMa, Ha,D. KpalheBHMa CmpaKcoM H Jy60M, AcppHKa 6ejallIe OCTaAa nOA BAallIhy PHMcKor UapCTBa, Te je XTeo ,D.a je nOTBp,D.H Kao PHMCKY nOKpajHHY. lllTO ce naK Ebera THqe, }KaAH 300n H>erOBe Hecpehe, a K TOMe PHMlhaHH He OHjaxy KPeHYAH op~jeM Ha Ebera AHqHO, Hero Ha qHTaB HapO,D. BaH,D.aACKH, KOjH y npOllIAOCTH 6ejallIe OIIlhaqKaO CHU.HAHjy H ,D.pyre nOKPajHHe PHMCKor UapCTBa, na H caM PHM: CTora he yqHHHTH TaKO ,D.a he, HaKO Hehe 3anOBe,D.aTH BojcKaMa H re.nUMep 6elUe KPalheBCTBHMa, HnaK OCTaTH BAa,D.ap H CaqYBaTH Kpan.eBjYlialC Be.nUICe CKH nOAO}Kaj, jep ,D.a My je ~HOCT, oallI Kao H EberOBHM xpa6pocmu. npeu.HMa, onpallITaTH nO,D.'lHEbeHHMa, a nOKopaBaTH OXOAe. HaMepa My je TaKO H C EbHMe nOCTynHTH, Oy,D.yhH ,D.a ra je yn03Hao Kao M~a no ce6H ,D.OCTojHa BHCOKor nOAO}Kaja, 125 xpaopa, CpqaHa H BeAHKHX BpAHHa, a llITO My ce H3Ha,D. CBera CBHba, Kao qOBeKa H3BaHpe,D.He nOCTOjaHoCTH H CHare. YTellIHBllIH ra TaKO, u.ap My nO,D.apH nOce,D.e y <l>paHu.yCKOj, a reAHMep O,D.e npey3eTH nOce,D., Te TaMO npOBe,D.e OCTaTaK }KHBOTa. He OCTa ,D.pyre ycnoMeHe Ha BaH,D.aAe OCHM y llInaHCKOM Kpan.eBCTBY, r,D.e ycnocTaBHllIe CBOjy 208 ,D.P}KaBY H r,D.e OCTaBHllIe no ce6H, KaKO npe cnoMeHycMo, HMe BaH,D.aAy3Hja HAH AH,D.aAY3Hja. BaH,D.aAH BAa,D.axy y AcpPHU.H ,D.BeCTa rO,D.HHa, a Ha KOHu.y H3YMpellIe Ha 0­ nHcaHH HaqHH. HeMa, HaHMe, TaKO MonHe ,D.p}KaBe HAM u.apCTBa TaKO nocTojaHor H cmypHor Ha OBOMe cBeTY, ,D.a He OH ORAO nO,D.AO:>KHO XHlha,D.aMa HeBOlha HAH Hecpena. KHp, KOjH HeKa,D. BAa,D.allIe TIepcHjaHu.HMa, MebaHHMa H X8A,ll;eju.HMa, HaKOH llITO oejallIe npOKpCTapHO BeAHKHM ,D.eAOM A3Hje, OIIlhaqKaO je H OCBOjHO Her,D.allIH>H YKpac A3Hje rpa,D. BaBHAOH, Ha Kpajy ce cyK06H y 60jy C ToMHPOM, }KeHOM MacareTCKor pO,D.a, na ,D.aKAe cAoBeHcKor, y qeMY ra y3 BeAHKY cpaMoTY HanYCTH cpena. XaHH6aA KapTarHH>aHHH, oCBajaq qHTaBe AcppHKe, HaKOH TOAHKHX no6e,D.a Ha,D. H6epHMa H KeATHMa, HaKOH npeopobeHHx TellIKoha Ha AneHHHHMa H HaKOH qy,D.eCHHX nOOe,D.a Ha,D. PHMlhaHHMa, He)J.yro nOTOM He O,D.OAe HaBaAH je,D.HOra pHMCKor BojcKoBobe, H TO Y BAacTHToj ,D.OMOBHHH; nOTnYHO nopa­ }KeH, AYTallIe H3 nporOHCTBa y nporoHcTBO HAH, ,D.pyrHM peqHMa, cpeha ce OKPyTHO nOHrpa C H>HMe. BeAHKH KOH3YA H u.ap PHMCKH TIoMnej. npOKpCTapHBllIH y n06e,D.OHOCHOM op~aHOM noxo,D.y qHTaBY A3Hjy CBe ,D.O KaBKaCKHX AHTHu.a H ,D.O KacnHjcKor Mopa, nOKopHBllIH MHore HapO,D.e H yBeAHKO oooraTHBllIH rpa,D. PHM, Ha Kpajy npeTpnH nopa3 O,D. HeBeAHKe BojcKe H H3ry6H CBY CBOjy cAaBy. TaKo H Taj reAHMep 0 KOMe rOBopHMO, OCBeTAaBllIH He,D.yro npe Tora cBoje HMe MHorHM, llITaBHllIe 6e36pojHHM no.n:yxBaTHMa, Ca,D. npHTHcHyT 3AOM cpehOM 6e3 CAaBe noqHBa. M3 Tora ce MO}Ke H3ByhH 3aHCTa pe,D.aK npHMep 3a onOMeHY qOBeKY ,D.a ce He nOY3,D.aje Y CBOjy ,D.OOPY cpehy, jep BH,D.HMO KaKO npona,D.ajy H H3yMHpy TaKO Y3BHllIeHa u.apCTBa KM ce cpeha npeCTaHe CMHellIHTH, Kao llITO YMe y CaMO je,D.HOM ,D.aHY, 3a caT BpeMeHa HAM y TpeHY OKpeHYTH Aeba CMPTHHu.HMa. TH BaH,D.aAH, HapaBHO, 6ejaxy TaKO OKpyTHH H }KeCTOKH, ,D.a pHMCKa UpKBa (KaKO nHllIe AAeKCaH,D.ap rBaEbHH y CBOjOj CapMaTHjH) 6ellIe yseAa y AHTaHHje CTHX: "O,D. BaH,D.aAa OCA060,D.H Hac rOcnO,D.e" . Eejaxy OCHM Tora npeKO rOTa 3arpOBaHH apHjaHcKHM KpHBoBepjeM, 300r qera YBeK C He)'MOlhHBollIhy nporaH>axy KaTOAHKe, C KaKBOM OKPYTHOllIhy nocrynaxy C H>HMa O,D.AHqHO je onHcao BHKTOP BHTeHCHC, OHCKYn YTH"Ie. TIHllIe KapAO H3 BarpHeHa y 3. KEbH3H ,D.a BaH,D.aAH y CBOM He3Ha60llITBY 060}KaBaxy HCTe OHe H,D.OAe Koje nOllITOBaxy H ,D.pyrH BeHe,D.CKH HAH CAOBeHCKH HapO,D.H. EejallIe HM TaKO 06Hqaj npH CKAanaEbY npHMHpja HAH MHpa C HenpHjaTelheM nOCAaTH CBora H3aCAaHHKa, KOjH 6H Y3eo KaMeH y PYKY H 6au.HO ra y BO,D.y, roBopehH ,D.a HeKa TaKO norHHe YTonHBllIH ce oHaj KOjH H3­ HeBepH 3a,D.aTY peq, KOjy BaH,D.aAH nOllIToBaxy 6e3 O,D.crynaEba. Ka,D.a H y KOjHM CBe nOKpajHHaMa YTeMelhHllIe cBoja 209 BaliOWlU a.n.aoajy y AcjJpulJ,u 200 2oOulia. PuMCK.a lJ,pICBa MOJlU Boza 3a cnacoo olCpymliocmu BalioQJlQ. 126 B a IiOOJl.C/cu o6peou npu ClCJlana1hY Mupa.


HaceIba HHje MH HaMepa OB)):e HaBO)):HTH, jep npe)):aH ··mTaAau MO}Ke CBe TO npOHanH KO)): BOAcPraHra i\aua y IheroBOM )):eAY 0 ce06aMa Hapo)):a, Kao H y MjHexoBHTHHoj CapMaTHjH H y LIelllKoj HCTOPHjH EHeje CHABHja, 3aTHM y EjOH)):OBOj 8. KlhH3H I. LleKa)l:e, y Op03HjeBY 38. H 41. norAaBIbY 7. KlhHI'e, Y 13. H 14. KlhH3H IlaBAa 1)aKoHa, y BaH)):aAHjH H CacKoj KpaHuoBoj, y 1. H 3. KlhH3H pacnpaBe o fepMaHHjH EeaTyca PeHallYCa, Kao H y 25. norAaBIbY 6. KlhHI'e EI'3ere3e 0 fepMaHHjH <ppaHUHCKa I1peHHKYCa. CBH OHH onlllHpHo nHcaxy 0 BaH)):aAHMa, 0)): KOjHX nOTeqe H BaH.Oa.n oHaj BeAHKH CTHAHKOH, KojeM 3601' CpqaHOCTH lherOBe Uap CmUAUIWH. Teo)):ocHje )):a)l:e 3a }KellY je)):llY CBOjy Kliep, a HaKOH CMpTH sem l!,apee. OCTaBH 3ana)l:HO UapCTBO Ha CTapaae lheMY H CHllY CBOMe XOHOPHjy, 0)): qHje PYKe CTHAHKOHa 3aTHM 3601' Aa}!{HHX onTy}K6H cycTHrHY HenpaBe)):Ha CMpT Ha HaroBop aeroBHx HenpHjaTeIba. CBe)):OqH 0 TOMe H rpqKH aYTop 30CHM y 5. KlhH3H, r)):e OBHM peqHMa npHnoBe)):a 0 TOMe: OAHMnHje nOpeKAOM C UpHor Mopa, qOBeK onaK, y CBOjOj nOXAenH 3a BHCOKHM nOAO}KajeM H y MP}KIhH npeMa BaHJl:MY CTHAHKOHY HenpaBe)):HO ra onTYJKH H OKAeBeTa KO)): XOHopHja. Ho HH TO My He 6ellle )):OCTa, Te HaCTaBH CnAeTKapHTH KO)): uapa npOTHB CTHAHKOHa. Ka)l: ce 3aTeqe y PaBeHH, XOHOpHje Hape)):H )):a ra nory6e, a 3anpaBo OAHMnHje, KOjH y uapeBo HMe nHCMeHO HMO}KH BOjHHUHMa y PaBeHH )):a ra y6Hjy. Ka)l: BOjHHUH npHCTy1IHllle H3BplllelhY HMora, YCTa Ha IhHX BeAHKO MHOlllTBO BaH)):Ma H CTHAHKOHOBe pO)):- BeUle H.enpa­6HHe ca HaMepoM )):a HX CBe n06Hjy, HO CTHAHKOH HX 3aeeOH.O ocytJeH. YCTaBH 3anpeTHBlllH HM y XOHopHjeBo HMe. 3HajynH )):a He H.a CMpm. 6ellle HHqHM yspe)):HO HH uapa HH lherOBY BOjCKY, cBojeBOIbHO CTaBH BpaT no)): Maq. Taj qOBeK, CTBapHO HajqeCTHTHjH H HajcKpoMHHjH 0)): CBHX )):ocTojaHCTBeHHKa OHor Bpe1.:n MeHa, 6H y6HjeH 22. cenTeM6pa 0)): PYKe XepaKAHjaHoBe,< KOMe 3a Harp~ 6ellle )):aT nOAO}Kaj KOjH npHna)):allle EaTaHapy, My*y CTHAHKoHoBe ceCTpe H 3anoBe)):HHKY BOjHHX je)):HHHua y i\H6HjH. HaKoH CTHAHKOHOBe CMPTH, OAHMnHje H XOHopHje CTaBHllle Ha MYKe MHore lheroBe npHjaTeIbe H pol)aKe, He 6H AH )):03HaAH )):a AH je OH cnAeTKapHO HAH KOBao 3aBepe npOTHB uapa, HO HHKa)l:a HHTKO 0)): IhHX, npeM)):a H3MYQeH)):0 CMPTH, He peqe HH peqH npOTHB CTHAHKOHa. TaKO npHnOBe)):a 30CHM. Ho CTHAHKOHOBa HeBHHOCT H BpAHHe lheroBe H3alJollle Ha BH)):eAO TeK HaKOH CMPTH, jep TeK lllTO HanyCTH oBaj CBeT, CBe KpellY AOllle no PHMCKO UapCTBO, Kao lllTO ce MO}Ke BH)):eTH KO)): aYTopa KOjH 06pa)l:Hllle OHOBpeMeHa 36HBaaa. 0)): BaH)):Ma nOTe­ BypeyH.Ou CJl.oeeH.u. KOllle H EYPryH)):H. Kao lllTO yonlllTeHO TBp)):e aYTopH, Mel)y KojHMa H MjexoBHTa, Ka)l: y 1. KlhH3H, nOrAaBIbY 12. Ka}!{e: CAoBeHH KOjH 6ejaxy OTHIllAH Ha ceBep ojaqallle H HaMHO}KHllle ce TaKo)):a npenAaBHllle roplhy IloIbcKY, illAeCKY 210 r I H BaH)):aAHjy, O)):HOCHO )):eo IloIbcKe Ha peUH BaMM, )):aHac BHCAH. l1CnyHHllle TaKol)e IloMepaHHjy, Kallly6Hjy H )):eo 06Me fepMaHcKor Mopa )):aHac 06yxsaneH noce)):HMa MapKH3a 0)): i\H6eKa H POlllTOKa, na CBe )):0 BeCTcPMHje. Y3ellle pa3AHqHTa HMeHa, Ben npeMa MeCTHMa y KojHMa ce HaCTaHHllle. OHH KOjH ce 3aYCTaBHllle Ha peUH CBeBO Ha3Ballle ce CBeBHMa, )):OK ce )):pyrH np03Ballle EypryHMMa npeMa peqH Koja Ha IhHXOBY nOIbCKOM HAH CAOBeHCKOM je3HKY 03HaqaBa KYne, a 3BYQH 6porH. LlolllaBlllH ca ceBepa IhHX OCaM)):eceT xHIba)):a (KaKo nHllle <PHAHn H3 EepraMa y LlonyHaMa), 3aY3ellle 06Me PajHe, HO OKTaBHjaHOBH HenaUH LlpY3 H TH6epHje npHCHAHllle HX, KaKO nHllle Op03Hje, )):a ce BpaTe y npB06HTHa 60paBHlllTa. Ka)l: LlpY3 KOHaqHO npel)e peKY i\a6y H cyK06H ce ca CBeBHMa H EypryHMMa, o)):Hece Ha)l: IhHMa KpBaBy n06eJl:Y. HelllTo KacHHje, 3a BpeMe BAa)l:aBHHe uapa BMeHTHHHjaHa (Kao lllTO ce BH)):H KO)): Op03Hja H <PHAHna H3 EepraMa), EYPryH)):H nOHOBHO KpeHYllle ca ceBepa, H3alllaBlllH H3 3eMIbe BHH)):eAHKa, 3aTHM npel)ollle peKY PollY H HalllaBlllH y OHHM KpajeBHMa MHpHa npe6HBaAHlllTa, 3ayCTaBHllle ce TaMO H qHTaBOM Kpajy )):a)l:Ollle no ce6H HMe EypryH)):Hja. BepAe, KaKO peKocMo, )):pyrH HCKpHBIbeHo 30BY XepYAHMa HAH XepKYAHMa. Taj CAOBeHCKH Hapo)):, KpeHyslllH H3 CKaMHHaBHje, CTH}Ke CBe )):0 MOqBape 3a6aKa, r)):e npHcBojH CBe AaQe Koje 3aTeKHe Ha TaMOllllhHM 06MaMa, Te caCTaBHBlllH 0)): IhHX BeAHKY cPAOTy npelJe BeAHKO Mope H 3aY3e I'pa)l: BH3aHT, nOTOM Ha3BaH KOHCTaHTHHonOIb. IlpelllaBlllH y A3Hjy (KaKO nHllle IljeTPO MapueAO), }KapenH H nMenH onYCTOlllHllle HeKOAHKO PHMCKHX nOKpajHHa, a HapOqHTO <ppHrHjy, r)):e YHHlllTHllle l1AHj, HeKa)l:a TpojaHCKY TBpl)aBY Koja je CBe )):0 Ta)l:a ycnpaBHO CTajaAa. CBe ce TO )):orO)):H 3a BpeMe BAa)l:aBHHe uapa BMepHjaHa, Ka)l: BepAH KpuaTH nAeHOM H )):paroueHOCTHMa nOHOBHO npenAOBHllle BeAHKO Mope H YTeMeIbHllle cBoja HaceIba Ha LlyHaBy. KaKO nHllle IlpoKonHje, IlaBAe 1)aKOH y 20. nOrAaBIby 1. KH>Hre, Kao H Xepo)):HjaH Y 3. KlhH3H, 6ejaxy OHH Bp11.0 H3Be}K6aHH y paTHHM BelllTHHaMa, a nOCTaBlllH n03HaTH no BeAHKHM H KpBaBHM nOKOIbHMa Ha)l: pa3HHM Hapo­ )):HMa H }KeAenH nOKa3aTH KOAHKO OMMoBa}!{aBajy npoTHB­ I ( HHKe, 60pHllle ce rOAH nOKpHBajynH caMO CTH)):Ha MeCTa. Eejaxy TaKol)e BpAO OXOAH H CMeAH, ysepeHH KaKO HM HHKO )):pyrH HHje paBaH y BOjHOj BelllTHHH H CHa3H. 3ay3eBlllH npBO i\H6ypHHjy, a 3aTHM H LlaAMaUHjy y )):06a uapa AHaCTacHja, BHllle ce nyTa yxsaTHllle C IhHM Y KOlllTau H 3a)l:allle BeAHKe MYKe PHMIbaHHMa HaCTalheHHM y IlaHOHHjH. CaBAa)l:allle HCTO TaKO H i\aHro6ap)):e H CBe )):pyre cBoje paT060pHe cyce)):e. He HaHlllaBlllH HH Ha Kora (KaKo nHllle IlpoKonHje y 2. KlhH3H fOTHMa) KO 6H HM ce Morao 211 BypeyH.Ou, OaH.ac BypeoH:>lJ,u, np03eaH.U malW npeJIitQ '6poeu'. CJl.oeeH.U Bepnu cmWICY 00 MO"4.eape 3a6ax:a. 3ay3Myzpao BusaH.m. 128 lIycmoUle Asujy. YH.UUlme 3aycmaee 1Jaey HAuj. mep­ce H.aAYH.aey. Bope ce ZOJl.U. 3ay3My Au6YPH.ujy U AaJl.MalJ,ujy. Haoja"4.ajy AaH.Z06apoe.


I KpaJb BepJla cmaeu lia MyK:e Ce. MaK:CU.Ma. BepJlcK:e JKelie 6ejaxy xpa6pu pamliu/&u. ,4peelia eepa BepJla. 129 BepJlu npuzPJle xpuwnalicK:Y eepy. Aeapu eyK:y nopeK:Jlo 00 renuoa. 06aee3yjy PUMCK:OZ /&apa lia nJtanalUe oaliK:a. o.nyrrpeTH, O)J,AO)KHIIle OppKje H MHpOBaIIle TpH ro,n:HHe, IIlTO H 6eIIle Y3POK lhHXOBe rrpOrraCTH. HaHMe, OHaKO ,n:oKOHH rOTOBO caCBHM H3ry6HIIle BOjHY ,n:Hcu.HrrAHHY, a rro CBOM o6WIajy rro,n:u.elhyjyhH HerrpHjaTelba, rrpeTprreIIle rropa3 y 6op6H C AaHro6ap,n:HMa. BH,n:oMap HAH BH,n:HMHP, ,n:pyrH Kpalh BepAa, BAa,n:ajyhH Ha rpaHHu.aMa .llaAMau.Hje, CTaBH Ha MyKe CB. MaKCHMa ca jOIIl 40 xpHIIlhaHa. CBeBAa,n:, o,n: ,n:pyrHx 3BaH CHH.nyBaA,n:, TpehH lhHXOB Kpalh, rrpHCKO'IH y rroMoh Hapcecy y 6op6H rrpoTHB fOTa H rrpoCAaBH ce jYHaIIlTBoM. BepAecKe cy )KeHe TaKol)e CAaBlbeHe Kao BH'IHe 0ppKjy. 3aje,n:Ho C MY)KeBHMa HIIlAe cy Ha HerrpHjaTelba, a Ka,n: je,n:HoM rrpeTprreIIle rropa3 o,n: PHMlbaHa, rrpeKopaBaxy MpKeBe rroKa3yjyhH HM rrpcToM Ha PHMlbaHe H rOBopehH KaKO cy ce rrop~eHH o,n: lby,n:H HH)KHX o,n: ce6e. TIpe HO IIlTO rrpHCTyrrHIIle XPHCTy, BepoBaxy ,n:a je 6oroBa MHOro, Te HMaxy CBeIIlTeHHKe H MHore 3aKOHe H o6pe,n:e caCBHM pa3AH'IHTe o,n: ,n:pyrHx Hapo,n:a. 113Mel)y OCTaAHX rro3HaTHX lhHXOBHX 06H'Iaja, 6eIIle Ty oHaj Ka,n: 6H HeKO 6HO Ha CaMpTH y .ny60KOj cTapoCTH HAH rrorol)eH 6oAeIIlhy; aKO 6H yqeHH lby,n:H KOjH ce pa3YMHjy y AeKapcKY BeIIlTHHY peKAR ,n:a he y6p30 o,n: Te 60AecTH yMpeTH, rrOAO)KHAH 6H ra Ha xprry ,n:pBa H rrOCAaAH je,n:Hor BepAa ,n:a ra YCMpTH. O,n:Max 6H HaKOH Tora po,n:6HHa rroKojHHKoBa rrOTrraAHAa ,n:pBa H CrraAHAa AeIIl, a y,n:OBHU.a 6H ce y CAaBY H 'IaCT MpKy o6ecHAa 0 BpaTa rroKpaj lheroBa rrerreAa. AKO KOjHM cAyqajeM HeKa )KeHa He 6H TaKO yqHHHAa, rraAa 6H lbara Ha lhy. TIpHrpAHIIle xpHIIlhaHCKY Bepy 3a BpeMe BAa,n:aBHHe Kpalha lhHXOBa fpaTa, KOjH y rroxo.ny u.apy JYCTHHHjaHY y KOHCTaHTHHorrOlbY rrpHMH CBeTO KpIIlTelhe 3aje,n:HO ca CBOjHM lby,n:HMa. KaKO He 6ejaxy jOIIl YBeK caCBHM BH'IHH HaYKY HOBe Bepe, MeIIlaxy MHore rroraHCKe 06H'Iaje C xpHIIlhaHCKHM. )KeAH AH ce CAY'IajHo HeKO ,n:eTalhHHje yrro..:: 3HaTH C HCTOPHjOM Tor Hapo,n:a, HeKe BH,n:H KO,n: TIpoKorrHja H3 Ue3apeje y 2. KlhH3H 0 fOTHMa, a MH heMO, yrryTHBIIlH peBHocHor 'IHTaou.a Ha rrHcalhe Tor ayTopa, rrpehH Ha HCTOPHjy ABapa, 3a Koje CMO paHHje rrOKa3aAH ,n:a cy 6HAH Hapo,n: CAOBeHCKH, a KOjH, KaKO rrHIIle OTOH <l>pH)KaHHH y 11. KlhH3H, rrorAaBlbY 21, rrOTeKOIIle o,n: ferrH,n:a. 1.J:eCTo ce OHH YXBaTHIIle y KOIIlTau. C PHMCKHM u.apeBHMa, a HaPO'IHTO C u.apeM MaspHKHjeM, KOjH HM, ,n:a 6H OCTao y MHpy C lhHMa, rrAahaIIle ro,n:HIIllhH ,n:aHaK, Kao IIlTO ce BH­ ,n:H KO,n: TIaBAa 1)aKoHa y 17. KlhH3H, r,n:e H3A~hH MaBpHKHjeBY 6Horpaq:mjy Taj ayTop OBaKO rrHIIle: AeTa focrro,n:lhera 577. 3a BpeMe BAa,n:aBHHe MaBpHKHja H He.nyro rrOIIlTO cy rrOKOpHAH IIAeMeHHTH eBporrcKH rpa,n: CHPMHYM, ABapH rrOCAaIIle u.apy cBoje H3aCAaHHKe ca 3axTeBoM 3a yo6H'IajeHHX ro,n:HIIllhHX ocaM,n:eceT XHlba,n:a 3AaTHHKa H 3a ,n:o,n:aTHHX ,n:Ba,n:eceT XHlba,n:a. Y )KelbH ,n:a 3a,n:P)KH MHP, u.ap 212 rrpHCTa ,n:a y,n:OBOlbH lhHXOBOM 3axTeBY. Ho He rrpol)e MHoro BpeMeHa, a aBapcKH Kpalh XaKaH rrOHOBHO rrOCAa 3axTeB ,n:a My ce rrpH,n:o,n:a jOIIl CTO XHlba,n:a 3AaTHHKa. Ka,n: My HX u.ap o,n:6H HCIIAaTHTH, XaKaH pa30pH rpa,n: CHHrH.nyHYM H 3aY3e MHore ,n:pyre HAHpCKe rpa,n:oBe, HaKOH 'Iera u.ap rrpeKO EArrH,n:Hja IIAeMHha H KOMeHu.HoAa CKAOrrH MHp C aBapCKHM KpalheM. Ho He rroTpaja TO .nyro, Ka,n: XaKaH rrOHOBHO pacKHHy MHp C MaBpHKHjeM H HaoppKa CAOBeHCKe Hapo,n:e rrpOTHB TpaKHje, ,n:a 6H 3aTHM rrpo,n:pAH CBe ,n:o AOHreMype HaHocehH BeAHKe IIlTeTe. Uap 3a TO BpeMe rrOCAa cBoje paTHHKe C ,n:Bopa H Hapo,n: H3 rpa,n:a y o,n:6paHY AOHreMypa, a 3a BOjCKOBOl)y rrOCTaBH KOMeHu.HOAa, Te ra HaoppKa H rrOCAa rrpOTHB BapBapa. YXBaTHBIIlH ce y KOIIlTau. C HerrpHjaTelbHMa, KOMeHu.HOA HX rrpOTHBHO O'IeKHBalhHMa pa36H, rro6HBIIlH HX MHoro, a ,n:pyre HaTepaBIIlH y 6eKCTBO. Ho ce,n:aMHaeCTe ro,n:HHe BAa,n:aBHHe MaBpHKHjeBe, XaKaH OKYrrH cBoje lby,n:e H y CHAHOj japocTH Harra,n:e .llaAMaU.Hjy, Te rrpHcrreBIIlH y BaAKa pa30pH 'IeTp,n:eceT OKOAHHX rpa­ ,n:OBa. TH ABapH HaCTalhaBaxy ,n:Olhy TIaHoHHjy, o,n:aKAe ce rrpeMeCTHIIle y BaBapCKY. Bejaxy BeAHKH rrpHjaTelbH .llaAMaTHHau.a KojHMa rrpHCKO'IHIIle y rroMoh rrpOTHB Cacao OrraT Bypxap,n: H3 Yepcrrepra rrHIIle y TIopeKAY Caca 0 TOMe KaKO XeHpHK, CHH caCKor BojBo,n:e OTOHa, OKYrrHBIIlH BeAHKY BOjCKY rrOBe,n:e .nyry 6op6y C .llaAMaTHHu.HMa KOjH, He MoraBIIlH My ce ,n:alhe o.nyrrHpaTH, HaBe,n:OIIle rrpOTHB lhera ABape KOjH My ce xpa6po cyrrpoTcTaBHIIle. Ho ,n:pyrOM rrpHAHKOM, Ka,n: ABapH XTe,n:OIIle rrpo,n:peTH y CacKY C BeAHKHM CHaraMa, lhHXOBH rrpHjaTelbH .llaAMaTHHu.H AOIIle rroCTyrrHIIle C lhHMa. HaHMe, rrpOAa3ehH Kp03 .llaAMaU.Hjy, aBapCKa BojcKa 3aMOAH .llaAMaTHHu.e Kao CTape rrpHjaTelbe 3a rroMoh, HO OHH HM, 3HajyhH ,n:a H.ny y CacKY H ,n:a cy CaCH rrpHrrpaBHH Ha 6op6y C lhHMa, YMeCTO ,n:apOBa 6au.HIIle MaCHor rrca. ABapH, yBH,n:eBIIlH ,n:a HHje BpeMe 3a ocBeTY, Kao o,n:rOBOp Ha yBpe.ny He yqHHHIIle HHIIlTa ,n:pyro OCHM IIlTO y3 CMex rro,n:HroIIle rAac rrpOTHB ,n:aAMaTHHCKHX rrpHjaTelba. TIeTap Kpy36ep y 5. KlhH3H, Kao H BHTHKHH,n: XOAaHl)aHHH o6pa,n:HIIle BpAO orrIIlHpHO HCTOPHjy H ycrrexe ABapa, crroMHlhyhH TaKol)e H AAaHe. OBH rrOCAe,n:lhH, HarrYCTHBIIlH CKaH,n:HHaBHjy, 3aje,n:HH'IKY ,n:OMOBHHY CBHX CAoBeHa, rro,n:eAHIIle ce Ha ,n:Ba ,n:eAa: je,n:aH ,n:eo o,n:e y A3Hjy, a TIToAeMej HX CMeIIlTa KO,n: XHrrep60pejcKHx ropa, ,n:aHac 3BaHHX TaTapcKHM, KaKO rrHIIle EHea CHABHO; ,n:pyrH y,n:py­ )KeHH C BaH,n:aAHMa H ByprYH,n:HMa rrpOTepaIIle <l>paHKe. TIToAeMej HX y 111. KlhH3H Ha3HBa CKHTHMa, r,n:e K~e ,n:a ce OHH KOjH ce HaAa3e .ny6lbe y YHYTpaIIllhocTH 30BY CKHTHMa AMaco6HMa H AAaHHMa. JYAHje KarrHToAHjcKH HX y 6Horpaq:mjH AHToHHHa TIHja y6paja Mel)y .lla'IaHe. TIpeMa Jop,n:aHecy H TIpoKorrHjy, Mel)YTHM, rrpe 6H HX Tpe6aAo 213 HanaoliY J1JlUPUK:. 130 Yliuwmu Ltempoecem zpaooea. Jluwme IIpe6ueaAeapa CaCK:u MamUIi/&UMa. u cmeo npujameJbc,4QJleojeooa pamyje MamUIi/&UMa. C ,4QJlCJloeeliu liU IIpomepajy cfJpaliK:e. ce nooeJle. AJta­


~ An.aHu ZOBOpe 3BaTH rOTHMa, jep npOKonHje y 1. KlbH3H 0 BaH,naAHMa H ucmUMjesu- Ha ,npyrHM MeCTHMa KffiKe ,na OHH H rOTH HMaxy 3aje,n­ /CaM. /Cao romu. HHqKH je3HK. AMHjaH MapneAHH y 3. KlbH3H r,ne cnOMHlbe MaHe H lbHXOBa npe6HBaAHIIITa, OBaKO nHIlle: Ha ,npyroj CTpaHH (KffiKe OH) y 6AH3HHH 3eMlbe aMa30HCKe HaAa3e ce rae UM oejawe HCToqHH MaRH, no,nelbeHH Ha MHOre Hapo,ne, a 3eMlbe HM cmaH. ce Ha a3HjcKY CTpaRY npOTeJKY CBe ,no peKe raRreca Koja ,neAH I1H,nHjy H YAHBa ce Y JYJKHO Mope. nO,nelbeHH cy ,naKAe TH MaRH C je,nHora Ha ,npyrH Kpaj CBeTa, a pa3HH Hapo,nH KOjH HM npHna,najy H Koje je CyBHIIIHO Ha6pajaTH npocTHpy ce roAeMHM no,npyqjHMa (nonYT HOMa,na), HO CBH ce 30BY MaHHMa H 06HqajH H HaqHH :lKHBOTa cy HM CBHMa 131 3aje,nHHqKH. HeMajy, HaHMe, HH KOAH6e HH KYne H He o6pal)yjy 3eMlbY, Ben 2KHBe o,n Meca H o6H1ba MAeKa, a CTaR cy HM KOAa Koja nOKpHBajy H3.ny6lbeHHM KopaMa cTa6aAa H Koja B03e HenperAe,nHHM nYCTHM nOlbHMa. Ka,na ,nOOy ,no naIlllbaKa, pacnope,ne ce y Kpyr H je.ny Ha THM CBOjHM KOAHMa nonyT 2KHBOTHlba, na Ka,n cy nojeAH CBY XPaRY, Kpe­ )f(uBomAn.afia HY nOHOBHO Ha nyT, Kao,na cy HM rpa,noBH Ha KOAHMa. Ha lbHMa ce MYIIIKapnH 3,nPYJKYjy ca 2KeHaMa, Ha KOAHMa 2KeHe paoajy H OTXPalbyjy ce ,nena, a KY,na ro,n ,na KpeHY cMaTpajy ce y CBojoj 3eMlbH. I1Majy o6H1be Kp,na H CTa,na 3a naIIIY, Koja H.ny npe,n lbHMa KY,na ro,n ,na KpeHY. 06HAyjy KOlbHMa, jep ,np2Ke ,no lhHX BHIlle HO ,no 6HAO Koje ,npyre 2KHBOTHlhe. Y THM cy KpajeBHMa nOlba yBeK TpaBHaTa H ITAo,nHa, Te KY,nro,n nOIIIAH He OCKY,neBajy HH TpaBOM HH ITAo,nOBHMa 3a xpaHy. Pa3Aor je TOMe ITAO,nHO TAO H o6H1be peKa Koje ra HaTanajy. MHOIIITBO HeynocAeHHX CTOjH yOKOAO OHHX KOAa, o6aBlbajy He3HaTHe nOCAOBe H nOBepeHe cy HM MaAe HAaKe 3a,nane. MAa,ne2K Bje2K6a jaxalbe, jep npe3Hpy neIllaqelbe. CBH cy no.Dje,nHaKO O,nAHqHH paTHHnH, a roTOBO CBH cy KpynHa CTaca, AenHX npTa AHna, npOCeqHO ITAaBOKOCH H npo,nopHa norAe,na; OCHM Tora cy BpAO 6p3H, a no CBeMY cy je,nHaKH XyHHMa, OCHM IllTO cy KPOTKHjH H ylbyoeHHjH IIITO ce THqe HCXpaRe H o,nene. Y AOBY ,nOAa3e CBe ,no MOqBape MeOTH,n, ,no TeCHana Boccpopa TpaqKOr, ,no ApMeHHje H Me,nHje. TaKo KaKO cy MHpHHM lbYAHMa An.aHU JOyoume.Jbu H3Ha,n CBera ,nparH O,nMOP H ,nOKOAHna, TaKO lbHX pamOBalt:>a. npHBAaqe onaCHOCTH H paToBalhe, a cpenHHM cMaTpajy OHora TKO norHHe y 6ojy, ,nOK OHe KOjH yMpy o,n CTapOCTH HAM KaKBe ,npyre HeBOlbe KY,ne ,na cy KYKaBHne H Aelhqyre, Te HeMa TOra IIITO XBaAe BHIlle o,n norHHYAor qOBeKa. YMeCTO 60raTor ITAeHa, O,npy6lbyjy rAaBe MpTBHM HenpHjaTelbHMa H ,nepy HM KOJKY KOjy 3aTHM CTaBlbajy Ha cBoje KOlbe 3a 6op6y H C lbHMa O,llAa3e y 6oj. HeMa y lbHX HH npKBe, HH xpaMa, HH KOAH6e, HHTH HKaKBe Hajja,nHHje rpaOOo:J/Caeajy oeBHHe, Hero H3BYKaBIIIH MaqeBe H3 KOpHna H n03a6HjaB­ .Matt. IIIH HX OHaKO roAe y 3eMlbY, 0602KaBajy HX Kao 60ra Mapca 214 3a Kora Bepyjy ,na je BAa,nap KpajeBa KojHMa ce Kpeny. 'ly­ ,necHo je lbHXOBO n03HaBalhe 6y.nynHOCTH; CKYTIlbajy HaHMe HeKe paBHe npYTHne H y o,npeoeHOM HX TpeHyTKY o,npeIIIHBIIIH HX y3 Bpaqalha, caCBHM jacHo ,no3Hajy IIITO ne ce 36HTH. He 3Hajy IIITa je poncTBo, C 063HpOM ,na cy CBH CAaBHora po,na. JOIll H ,naHac 6Hpajy cBoje cTapeIIIHHe H cy,nHje MeOY MY2KeBHMa HCKYCHHM H oCTapeAHMa y paTY. ,lloB,ne roBOpH AMHjaH MapneAHH 0 MaHHMa. Y ,naBHa BpeMeHa (npeMa H3BeIIITajHMa JocHnoBHM y 7. KlbH3H jy­ ,nejcKHM paToBHMa) MaHH, HanycTHBIIIH 3aBHqaj, Hana,noIlle naAeCTHHY, ErHnaT H Jy,nejy H OKPYTHO HX yHHIIITHIlle. 3aTHM y ,no6a napa Becna3HjaHa (KaKo ce qHTa KO,n BOTTepHja y 1. KlbH3H 0 EBponH), Ka,n HM xHpKaHcKH Kpalb OTBOPH npoAa3 Kp03 KacnHjcKa BpaTa, noxapaIIIe Me,nHjy H ApMeHHjy. HeIIITo KacHHje nOCTaIlle ITAaneHHnH y CAY2K6H PHMlbaHa H CTeKOIlle TaKO yrAe,n H CAaBY KaO CpqaHH paTHHnH. Bejaxy OHH (KffiKe AMHjaH y 31. KlhH3H) jyaanH O,nBa2KHH Ha OPY2Kjy H CHa2KHH, KOjH 6H CTapoCT ,nOqeKaAH paTYjynH. Ka,n rOTH YBH,neIlle ,na He MOry ynH y TpaKHjy ynPKOC MHOro6pojHHM nOKYIIIajHMa, Ha Kpajy 6exy npHCHlbeHH n03BaTH y nOMon MaRe KOjH, Ha,najynH ce ITAeHY, npHcTaIlle H ycneIlle y TOMe. UapeBH ,lloMHnHjaR H TpajaH Bo,nHIlle MHore paTOBe C MaHHMa, a OBH 3a BpeMe BAa,naBHHe napa ,llenHja OCBojHIlle KOHCTaHTHHonolb. He MoraBIIIH HHKaKO Ha.DjaqaTH Taj Hapo,n, nap Xa,npHjaH (KaKO nHIlle onaT H3 npYMa y 5. KlhH3H, norAaBlbY 9) no6e,ne HX ,napoBHMa, a HCTO TO yqHHH H nap rpanHjaH, Kao IIITO ce BH,nH KO,n naBAa 1)aKoHa y 11. KlbH3H. Ho y HaCTojalbY ,na HX no6e,nH OPY2KjeM, nap rOp,nHjaH OCTa nopffiKeH. Uap BaAeHTHHHjaH, naK, He MoraBIIIH HX no6e,nHTH, H3,na nporAac (KaKO nHIlle neTpH CYCPCPPH,nH) KOjHM OHHMa KOjH 6H no6e,nHAH AAaHe o6ena ,neceTOro,nHIlllbe oCAo6aOalbe o,n ITAanalba ,naRKa. Ta,na HeMnH 2KelbHH CAaBe ,no6po ce H xpa6po 60penH npOTHB Tor Hapo,na o,nHeIlle no6e.ny, HaKOH qera 6ejaxy np03BaHH <t>paHnH HAH <t>paHKH. Ho 3apaTHBIIIH nOHOBHO C MaRHMa, BaAeHTHHHjaR H3ry6H paT, Te (KaKO nHIlle I1peHHKYc y 6. KlbH3H) TaKooe H :lKHBOT 6y.nynH ,na ra aAaHCKH Kpalb Bap60raCT 3a,naBH. AAaHH ce HaKOH Tora npH,nPY2KHIlle ,npyrHM CAOBeHCKHM Hapo,nHMa, O,nHOCHO BaH,naAHMa, BypryH,nHMa H illBeoaHHMa, Te no,n 3anOBe,nHHIIITBOM BODe CaHrH6aHa 3aY3eIlle raAHjy. npo,npeIlle 3aTHM y illnaHHjy, r,ne 3aBAa,naIlle je,nHHM ,neAoM TOra KpalbeBCTBa Koje 3aTHM ,n06H HMe rOTH MaHHja, a ,naHac ce HCKBapeHO 30Be (KaKO TBp,nH I1peHHKYc) KaTaAOHHja HAH KaTaAYlba. He 3a,nOBOlbHBIIIH ce THMe, HacpHYIlle Ha nOpTyraA r,ne 3aY3eIlle rpa,n AyryCTY EMepHTY H neAy raAHnHjy, Kao IIITO ce qHTa y nperAe.ny KOHpa,na nojTHHrepa. Y THM KpajeBHMa ycnoCTaBHIlle Ha HeKO BpeMe 215 132 He3Hajy wma je poncmBo. An.aHu Hanaaajy llaJl£CmuHY, Ezunam U Jyoejy. YpUMC/COj BOjeyU cme/cHY C.JlaBy . romu, 3axBaJbyjyhu An.aHU.Ma, YDY y Tpa/Cujy. An.aHu <!ecmo pamyjy An.aHu BaneHmuHuja CICUM KOHcmaHmu­ .Ma H08lj,apcICU lJapa dujaHa. nonoJO. U lj,apeBuocoBoje nooeae rop­c PUMlJapa An.aHu npo2J/.ac KamanoHuja mU8 muHujaHa. An.aHa. BaneHyoujy npoHa3BaHa no rOmUMa An.aHUMa. An.aHu HanaaHY /CpaJbeBUHY llopmyzan.


'III!J!I"" PaOOMUp Kpa!b cBoje KpaIbeBCTBO. Pa,n;OMMp, KpaIb rfu\JU.J:Mje M n06mKHM raJ!UlJ,uje. XpHllInaHHH (KaKO nHIlle AHYTnpaH,n; H3 ITaBMje y 5. KlbM1333M), ncrryqe A6,n;apa KpaIba ITaBMje OKO AeTa rOcno,n;lbera Bacmapa1-l.u, IIeetLaHu U 823. Cyce,n;M OHHX AAaHa KOjM OCTaIlle y CBOM 3aBM'lajy y CapMaTMjM, ,n;OBe,n;OIlle HX ,n;o TaKO nOTnYHe nponacTM ,n;a je ,n;aHac HeMoryne HanM MKora KO HacTalbyje Te npe,n;eAe, OCMM IllTO nOBpeMeHo npooy oHy,n;a K03alIM, KaJKe MjexoBMTa, no CBOM 06M'lajy y nOTpa3M 3a MorynMM 2KpTBaMa. CAoBeHH BacTapHM M ITeB'laHM HaCTalbaBaxy 3eMlhY (KaKo nMIlle BMOH,n;O y 1. KlbM3H I. Ll.eKMe) Koja ce npoTe2Ke nO'leBIIIM o,n; ropa ITeBKHHa M KapnaTa, Te M3Meoy <Pe1-l.u U Ihuxoeo YIllna l1CTpa M BOpMCTeHa ,n;onMpe CBe ,n;o BeAHKOr Mopa. npe6uea­ .l!uutme. 3apame c ,l!attaHUMa U Pu.M..ibaH.UMa. Bacmapanu oiJ6pa1-l.e Pu.Mc1CO L(apcmeo 00 Mumpuoama. IIpe.na3e y YeapclCy U nocmajy xpuutna1-l.u. Ll.MoHMcMje rpK, CTpa60H M ITToAeMej, roBopenM 0 B IT 6 . . aCTapHMMa M eB'laHMMa Ka2KY,n;a eJaxy Je,n;MHCTBeH Hapo,n; HaCTalbeH OKO 'lMTaBe MO'lBape MeoTM,n;. Y npBM BOjHM noxo,n; (npeMa JYCTMHY) KpeHYIlle npoTMB Ll.a'laHa M ycneIllHo ra OKOH'laIlle. HacpHYIlle 3aTMM Ha ITaBAa EMMAHja KOjM, KaKO nMIlle ITAYTapx y CBOMe 2KMBOTonMcy, YCMPTM y 60jy ,n;eceT XHlhMa lbHXOBHX KOlbaHHKa, HO ycnpKoc TOMe KacHMje MX Y3e y CAY2K6y Kao nAaneHHKe. 3a BpeMe BAa,n;aBMHe KOH3YAa AenM,n;a (npeMa HaBOtIY ITepcMja) xpa6pM Hapo,n; BaCTapHa y HOBOM HanMY Ha PMMCKO UapCTBo HanYCTM peKY l1cTap, Kao IllTO nMIlle Opo3Mje y 4. KlbM3M, EBTponMje M ,n;pyrM. Tpe6eAHje ITOAHOH nMIlle ,n;a lIap KAay,n;Hje 3apaTH C BaCTapHMMa. KOjH npe Tora H3aOOIlle H3 60ja C IToMnejeM H C Ue3apoM KaO ry6HTHHlIH. ITo6YHMIlle ce nOTOM npoTMB lIapa AyryCTa, KaKO nMIlle <PAOp. Ho ITAyTapx jacHo nOKa3yje KaKO PHMlhaHM y 6op6M C MMTpM,n;aToM 6ejaxy Ha py6y Hajrope norM6elhM, KM MM CAOBeHCKM Hapo,n;, O,n;HOCHO BacTapHM M CapMaTM npMCKO'lMIlle y nOMon YCTaBIllM Ha oPY2Kje npoTMB MMTpM,n;aTa, Kao IllTO no,n;po6HMje npMnoBe,n;a ITAyTapX y ,n;eAy 0 Cy,n;6MHM< PHMcKor UapCTBa. Ka,n; Ha Kpajy CHare BacTapHa oCAa6MIlle HenpecTaHMM paTOBalbeM, 6exy npOTepaHM M3 CBOjHX 60paBMIllTa Te ce (KaKo nMIlle Bom:pMHM y 1. KlbH3M I. Ll.eKMe) HaCTaHMIlle y YrapcKoj, H3MOAHBIllM o,n; nAeMeHMTor MaTMje [KopBMHaj Ll.yHaBCKO OCTPBO, r,n;e YCKOPO nOTOM YlCpu 1-I.anaoHY npMrpAHIlle cBojeBolhHo KaTOAH'lKY Bepy. Me.naHXJl.e1-l.U un' IT' 2 fJU:MClCe eOJHUlCe. HH, CAoBeHM YKpM HAH, KaKO MX Ha3HBa PerMHoH, YHKpaTe MeAaHKAeHM HAM EMMHKAeHM, npeIllaBIllM l1cTap (npeMa npMnoBe,n;albY BarpMeHcKor y 4. KlbM3M) HaBaAliIlle BMIlle nyTa Ha pMMcKe je)J;HHMlIe Koje qysaxy TaMOIIIH>e pe'lHe o6aAe. ITpBo6MTHM 3aBM'laj YHKpaHa HMCaM ycneo Ihuxoea npe6u- npOHa M HM KO,n; Je,n;HOr aYTOpa. TOAeMeJ y . nperAetIY eaJ!Uutma. A3Mje CMeIllTa MeAaHKAeHe 6AH3Y AAaHa, peKe BOAre M AMa30HKM, CAaBHMX 2KeHa paTHMlIa. CpenHO HanYCTMBIllM 134 Te KpajeBe HaCTaHMIlle ce (KaKO M3BeIllTaBa l1BaH roponHYc Y 7. KlbM3M rOTO,n;aHCKe) Ha rpaHMlIaMa ITo,n;oAMje Ha 216 npOCTpaHMM nOlhaHaMa C MHOIllTBOM O)J;AH'lHMX naIlllbaKa. Ay,n;OBMK UpMjeBMn nMilie ,n;a ynpaBo TM CAoBeHM YKpM YHMIllTMilie M nOTnYHo pa30pMIIIe rpM CaAOHY, HeKa,n; npeCTOHMlIY ,n;aAMaTMHCKHX KpaIbeBa M apCeHaA ,n;aAMaTHHCKe CPAOTe, Kao IllTO nMilie CTpa6oH. CaAOHa 6ejaIlle TaKooe PMMCKO Hacelhe M TMa ce 3BaIlle MaplIMja JYAHa, Kao IllTO HaAa3MMO y je,n;HOM CTapoM enMrpaMY KO,n; Ma30xMja Ha AMCTY 28. rpM (npeMa HeKHM TBp,n;lbaMa) 6eIIIe 06MMa o,n; OKO neTHaeCT MHlha, a 6ejailie n03HaT no MHorMM paTOBHMa C pa3HMM Hapo,n;MMa M lIapCTBMMa. CMeIllTeH 6ejaIlle (KaKO nMIlle ITAHHMje y 3. KlbM3M, norAaBlhY 20) Ha y,n;aIbeHOCTH o,n; ,n;BeCTO ,n;BMeceT M ,n;Be MMlhe o,n; 3Mpa, a 6ejaIlle ynpaBHo M Cy,n;CKO cpe,n;MIllTe HMpeoeHo MHOro6POjHOM HapotIY no,n;elheHOM Ha 744 ,n;eKYPMje. l1aKo ce BpAO 'leCTO onHpaIlle M xpa6po o,n;OAeBaIlle BojcKaMa PMMCKMM, Kao M OHMMa ,n;pyrHX xpa6pHX Hapo,n;a, ycnpKoc TOMe Ha Kpajy ra OCBOjM M cpaBHM ca 3eMlhOM Heno6e,n;MBM CAOBeHCKH Hapo,n;, O,n;HOCHO YKpM, KOjM (KaJKe KapAO M3 BarpMeHa) BMIlle HO je,n;HOM OKPYTHO YHMIllTHilie rOTOBO lIeAY Ll.aAMalIMjy. CAOBeHM XMPM M CKHPM HaCTalbaBaxy (KaKO nMIlle JaH Ll.y6paBCKH y 1. KlbM3M 0 "Y:eIllKoj MCTOPMjM) npe,n;eAe OKO peKe BHCAe. KM XMPH HanYCTMIlle Te KpajeBe. Kao nAaneHMlIM CAY2KMIlle pa3HMM KHe2KeBMMa y paTOBHMa. KaTKM. y,n;PY2KeHM C AAaHMMa H rOTMMa, paTOBaxy C PliMlhaHMMa, CBe ,n;OK ce C ,n;pyrMM CapMaTMMa (KaJKe Ll.y6paBCKM) He HaCTaHMIlle y l1AHpMKY H Y l1CTpH. CKMPH Y BpeMe no6e,n;e HM ATHAHHMM CMHOBMMa 3aY3eIIIe roplbY Me3Mjy (KaKo nMilie JoxaH HaYKAepyc y XPOHMlIM), Te TaMO OCTaIlle H y KacHMjMM pa3,n;o6lhMMa. CAOBeHM <PHHlIM MAH <peHM 6ejaxy nOCAe,n;lbM ceBepHM Hapo,n;M, jep ,n;a lbHXOBa npe6MBaAHIllTa 3ay3MMaxy je,n;Ba HaCTalbMBa no,n;pyqja CBeTa. Bejaxy ,n;06pM CTpeAlIH, a He 6eIlle Hapo,n;a TaKO BeIllTor y 6alIalbY Konlha BeAHKOM 6p3HHOM. BOPHAM cy ce BeAHKHM M IllHpOKHM CTpeAaMa. BaBHAM cy ce ce 'lapalbMMa, a nOHOCHAH cy ce AOBa'lKMM BeIllTMHaMa. He 3aycTaBlhaxy ce Ha je,n;HoM MeCTy, Hero MMMOIllne HeCTaAHa CTaHMIllTa. ITpeAa3MIlle nAaHMHCKe npeBoje npeKpMBeHe cHeroM Ha HeKaKBMM caBMjeHMM M MCKpeHyTMM TpynlIMMa, a Ka,n; 6M Tpe6aAo no6enM o,n; HenpMjaTelha HAH ,n;OCTMrHyTH ra, 6ejaxy OKpeTHMjM o,n; 6HAO Kora ,n;pyror CMpTHMKa. HacpHY Ha lbHX ApHrpMM CBeB, KOjM 3aTMM nOCTMP 3eT ,n;aHCKor KPaIba <ppOTOHa, na Ka,n; <PMHlIM YBM,n;eIlle ,n;a ry6e, ,n;a,n;OIlle ce y 6eKCTBO 6alIajynM HenpMjaTelhY y AHlIe TpM KaMeH'lMna KojHMa ,n;MOilie M3­ rAe,n; M 06AHK TOAMKHX nAaHMHa. KM ApHrpHMOBa BojcKa TO BM,n;e, npeCTa HX nporoHMTM BepyjynM ,n;a o,n; THX II.I\aHHHa He M02Ke ,n;aIbe. YXBaTMBIllH ce y KOIllTalI C HenpMjaTelheM M CAe,n;enera ,n;aHa, <PMHlIM nOpaJKeHM no6eroilie 217 YKpU, pyutUmeJbU CaJ!one. CaJ!ona npecmonulJ,a Oa.n.MamuncKU x KpWbeea. Beute PUMCKO HaceJbe no UMeny MaplJ,uja. XUPU U CKUpU U 6ueaJ!uutma. Ihuxoea npe­rae .l!U <PuHlJ,U. C.noeenu cy .//CueePamoeaxyc ApuepuMOM CeeeOM. 135 Y60p6u cyce po6lhautmeUM. c.ny.JlCll.Jlu tta­


"'IIIII!!'!!'" 6all.ajytm Ha 3eMlbY llIaKY CHera Koja ce rrpeTBOpH y BeAHKY H llIHpOKY peKY, Te TaKO HllI"le3HYllIe HerrpHjaTelbY rrpe,n: O"lHMa. Ka,n: H Tpetm rryT 3aMeTHYllIe 6HTKY H OCTarne rrOTy-qeHHMa, a He 6Hjarne HM HHKaKBe rroMotm o,n: "Iapo6­ lballITBa, rrpe,n:allIe ce H rrOCTallIe rOTOBO rro,n:aHHll.H KPalbeTeHZUlt KpQ.Jb BHHe ,llaHcKe, HallIaBllIH ce TaKO y OHO BpeMe rro,n: BAallIny CJ!ooeHa Kpalba TeHrHAa. ,lloro,n:H ce TO (KaKO rrHllIe CaKCO fpaMa­ <PuHalJ,a. THKYC y 5. KlbH3H) MaAO rrpe ,n:OAaCKa XpHcTOBa Ha 3eMlby. /!attaH.u. l{a"laRH, KOjH rrOpeKAOM 6ejaxy HCTHHCKH CAoBeHH, rrOTeKOllIe TaKobe H3 CKaR,n:HHaBHje (rrpeMa H3BellITajHMa Jop­ ,n:aHeCOBHM, TIaBAa BapHe<PPH,n:a H JepoHHMa rrpeMa EyOmepajy 3e6Hjy), Te O,n:BOjHBllIH ce o,n: OCTaAHX oTepallIe BepAe KOjH Bep.ne c HaCTalbaBaxy o6aAe JlyHaBa H TaMO ce, rrpeMa orrllITeM /!yHaea. MHllIlbelbY rrHCall.a, 3aYBeK HaCTaHHllIe. TaKO ce jOllI H 3a BpeMe BAa,n:aBHHe ll.apa BHTeAHja (KaKo rrHllIe rreCHHK CTall.Hje) HaAa3HllIe HCTHM THM o6aAaMa. TIpeMa OHOMe llITO rrpHrroBe,n:a EBrporrHje y 7. KlbH3H PHMcKe HCTOpHje, caceCaceKY • 6 puMcKyeojcKY. KOllIe K~H3YAa ArrHJ,: Ca HHa H rrpeTopcKor HaMe~HHKa KOpHeAHJa <pycKa 3aJe,n:Ho C BeAHKOM PHMCKOM BOJCKOM. 3eMlba ,lla"laHa rrpoCTHpallIe ce y orrcery o,n: XHlba,n:y MHlba. 3apaTHllIe H C ll.apeM TpajaHoM KOjH ,n:a,n:e H3rpa,n:HTH MOCT /!elJ,eoaJ1. KpQ.Jb Ha JlyHaBY, "IHjH ce OCTauH jOllI YBeK BH,n:e. IJ.ap AH"IHO /!aKUje. c'ryrrH y 6op6y H rro6e,n:H Kpalba lbHXOBor ,llell.e6aAa. PaToBa C ,lla"laHHMa TaKobe H ll.ap ,lloMHll.HjaH, KOjH ce He3acAy:JKeHo cMaTpallIe CAaBHHM rro6e,n:HHKoM, jep y 60jy OCTa BHllIe rro6ebeH Hero rro6e,n:HHK. IJ.ap TpajaR HaKOH rro6e,n:e Ha,n: ,lla"laRHM, BH,Il;eBllIH ,n:a je 3eMlba lbHXOBa CTaAHHM paTOBalbHMa YHHllITeHa H orryCTeAa 6e3 CTaHOBHHKa, H3 "IHTpajaH. iJooeiJe TaBOra CBora ll.apCTBa (KaKO rrHllIe EBTporrHje y 7. KH.H3H) H.:C::y~:~j~. ,n:OBe,n:e y Te Kpaj~Be HOBe ~acelbeHHKe: To je pa3Aor llITO ce ,n:aHac y ,llaKHJH rOBopH Je3HKoM KOJH ce "lHHH caCTaBKaiJaje y lbeHHM o,n: MHorHX ,n:pyrHX je3HKa. IheMa"lKH je3HK 6H': /!aKUjy y~eiJeH yse,n:eH y ,llaKHjy rrpBH rryT y BpeMe KapAa BeAHKor KOjH He.MattKU Je3UK. 6 (KaKo CBe,n:O"lH JoxaH Ay aHyc y 5. rrorAaBlbY 3. KlbHre) rrOCAa y Te KpajeBe HOBe HacelbeHHKe HeMll.e; OHH HacelbaBajy ce,n:aM KarnTeAa KojHMa ,n:a,n:OllIe HMe 3H6eH6ypr. YrrpKOC TOMe, BH.Il:lbHBO je H ,n:aHac ,n:a je3HK KOjHM ce roBOPH y HopMaH.U U l{aKHjH Ca.n:p2KH MHOro CAOBeHCKHX pe"lH. CAaBH H ,n:HKH I-buxoeu CAOBeHcKoj rrpH,n:OHellIe y BeAHKoj Me pH H HopMaHH KOjH ycnecu. (KaKO CMO rrOKa3aAH) 6ejaxy Hapo,n: CAOBeHCKH. 0 rropeKAy 136 H.HXOBOM rrHCll.H, a HapO"lHTO TIjep<ppaH"IeCKO 1)aM6YMapH y 1. KlbH3H Ha cAe,n:enH Ha"lHH rOBopH: HarryCTHllIe (KroKe . OH) CKaH,n:HHaBHjy OTrrpHAHKe y BpeMe CMpTH ll.apa Ay­ ~=~~:. ,n:OBHKa I, HAH KaKO 6H ce peKAo AeTa focrro.ll:H.era OCaMCTO "IeTp,n:eceTe, rycapcKe ,n:PY2KHHe Hapo,n:a Kojer <ppaHu.y3H 30BY HopMaHHMa. llITO 3Ha"lH ceBeplball.H, Te xapajynH H IIlba"lKajynH <ppaHa"lKHM H repMaRCKHM rrpHMopjeM H rrpo­ ,n:peBllIH y KorrHeHe KpajeBe TOKOBHMa Ha6yjaAHx peKa 218 CBAa,n:allIe He caMO <ppH2KaHe, Ben CrraAHllIe TaKobe XaM6ypr H ,n:P2Kaxy rro,n: orrca,n:oM KeAH y HeMa"lKoj, ,n:OK y <ppaHu.yCKoj 3aY3ellIe HeBCTpHjy, Koja ce ,n:aHac 30Be HopMaR,n:Hja. I1.CTpajallIe y THM CBOjHM Harra,n:HMa H IIlba"lKH CBe ,n:o 887. ro,n:HHe, Ka,n: POAOH, KacHHje Ha3BaR Py6epT, C HOBOM HopMaHcKoM BojCKOM rrpebe y EHrAeCKY H o,n:6HjeH o,n: EHrAe3a CKAOHH ce C BOjCKOM Y 06AH2KH.H ,n:eo <ppaHu.ycKe, r,n:e ce Ben rrpe MHOro ro,n:HHa 6ejaxy HaCTaHHAlf lberoBH HopMaHH. Yje,n:HHHBllIH ce y6p30 C H.HMa H 3aY3eBllIH roTOBO CBaKH KYTaK o,n: 3aAHBa CeH-MaAo ,n:o CeHH, peKe ,n:peBHora HMeHa CeKBaHa, 06aAOM ,n:ocrre CBe ,n:o PoyeHa. CTHraBllIH ,n:o Tora rpa,n:a, TaMO ce yra6opH, Te 3a,n:p2KaBllIH ce HeKO BpeMe H KaKO rpa,n:y HHKO He rrpHTeKHy y rrOMon, Ha Kpajy H3,n:ejCTBoBa H.erOBY rrpe,n:ajy. 3arocrro,n:apHBllIH ,n:aKAe TaKO BeAHKHM H 60raTHM rpa,n:oM, OCTaBH ce rycapeH.a rrpHMopjeM. HaMepH MebYTHM yseAH"IaTH ce BepyjynH KaKO BpAO AaKO M02Ke 3aY3eTH <ppaRa"lKO KpalbeBCTBO, C 063HPOM Ha rrpe,n:HoCT KOjy 3a TaKaB rro,n:yxBaT rrpe,n:CTaBlbaxy TpH rrAOBHe peKe CeHa, Aoapa H fapoHa, rroaa y 3aBH"Iaj rro HOBe lby,n:e. Ka,n: OBH ,n:obollIe, O,n:BroKHO rrOCAa y3 Aoapy BeAHKY <pAO'ry, a rrpHo6aAHHM pe"lHHM rro,n:py-qjeM 6pOjHY BOjCKY. KpeHy rryCTollIHTH CBe OKO ce6e BeAHKHM rrOKOlbHMa H IIlba"lKaMa, 6e3063HpHO rraAenH H pYllIenH CBe llITO 6H H.eroBHM rrpoTHBHHll.HMa MorAO Ha 6HAO KOjH Ha"lHH KOpHCTHTH. Ta,n:allIlbH <ppaRa"lKH Kpalb KapAo rrOCAa My cBoje rrOKAHcape ,n:a 3aTproKe TpOMeCe"lHO rrpHMHpje, llITO AaKO rrOCTH2Ke, jep HopMaHcKoj BOjCll.H 6ellIe Hy:JKaH O,n:MOP H rroja"lalba HOBHM lby,n:HMa. Ho rrpe HO llITO ce OKOH"Ia rrpHMHpje, POAOH rrOHOBHO KpeHY y rroxo,n: H orrKOAH TIapH3. MO)K.ll.a 6H ra H 3aY3eo, ,n:a rpabaRH o6aBHjellITeHH ,n:a HM rrpHCTH2KY y rrOMon BojBo,n:a PHKap,n: o,n: EypryH,n:Hje H E6aA rpo<p o,n: TIyaTjea He rrpHbOllIe C Aeba HopMaHHMa, KOjH ce 6ejaxy oKpeHyAH rrpOTHB HOBorrpHCTHrAHX rrpOTHBHHKa, Te HX rrOTYKOllIe H HarHallIe y 6eKCTBO y3 BeAHKe llITeTe H ry6HTKe POAOHOBHX lby,n:H. Pa36ellIlbeH rropa30M, "IHM ycrre OKYrrHTH cBoje CHare, PoAOH 3arrOBe,n:H CBHM BojHHll.HMa ,n:a ce He 06a3Hpy HH Ha CTapoCT, HH Ha rrOA, Ha BepCKe HAlf CBeTOBHe rpabeBHHe, Hero ,n:a rro6Hjy CBe 2KHBO, orrlba"lKajy CBe pe,n:oM, crraAe H YHHllITe CBe llITO HM ,n:oby rro,n: PYKY. I1.3BpllIaBajynH He caMO OHO llITO HM je 3arrOBebeHO Hero H BHllIe o,n: Tora, pa30pHllIe H cpaBHHllIe ca 3eMlbOM CBe OKO ce6e. KapAo rro,n:­ CTaKHYT o,n: CBora IIAeMCTBa ,n:a ce cyrrpoTcTaBH TOAHKHM YHHllITaBalbHMa H He BepyjynH ,n:a 6H ce Morao OAYrrpeTH CHAOM, rrOKYllIa rroCTHnH crropa3yM ca CBOjHM CAaBHHM rrpOTHBHHll.HMa. Haro,n:HBllIH ce KOHa"lHO ,n:a POAOH rrpHXBaTH xpHllInaHCTBO H ,n:a 2KeHH,n:6oM C KapAOBOM KbepKOM LIHAOM ,n:06Hje y MHpa3 EpeTalbY H HopMaH,n:Hjy, y3 219 3ay3My Heacmpujy. llpeoy y EH2.JI£CKY· C/C.Itone npuMupjec cjJpaH.attK!.I.M KpQ.Jbe.M KapJtoM.. ]1p:;vce noiJ oncaiJoM llapu3. llocmajy xpuuthaH.u. 137


"!III!"" 06aBe3Y 6YllYner HeBeAHKOra ra,n;MlIIffier nOpe3a cppaHa'lKOj KPYHM Y 3HaK M nOTBpllY racnO,n;CTBa CTe'leHOr He OPYJKjeM, Ben lby6aBlby, nOCTMralIIe cnopa3yM 0 MMpy M 0 CpO,n;CTBy. POAOH, ,n;aKAe, npMMMBlIIM KplIITeffie, npMXBaTM OTa,ll; na Ha,n;aIbe MMe P06epT no CBOM KPCHOM KYMy Po6epTY rpocpy o,n; ITyaTjea, Te npOMeHM TaKo1)e M MMe 3eMlbe np03BaBlIIM HOpMaH,ll;MjoM Kpaj KOjM ce ,n;OTa,n; 3Bao HeBCTpMja. Ko ce }KeAH yn03HaTM C ,n;pyrMM paTOBMMa M nollYXBaTMMa HopMaHa npOTMB pMMCKMX ll.apeBa, HeKa BM,n;M PerMHOHa, onaTa M3 ITpMMa, KOjM BPAO Ta'lHO M ,n;eTaIbHO 3anMca MCTOPMjy HopMaHa. HcnYCTMT neMO OB,n;e CBe lIITO 6M ce jOlII MorAO penM 0 ffiMMa, Te neMO npenM Ha MapKOMaHe M KBa,ll;e, Hapo,n;e CAaBHe Ha OPYJKjy, a 0 ByrapMMa neMO Ha Kpajy ,n;eAa noce6Ho pacnpaBlbaTM. MapKOMaHM MaplCOMaliU U 6ejaxy .n:aKAe BaH,n;aAM HAM CAOBeHM (KaKO M3BelIITaBajy Ibuxoeu AAoepr KpaHll. y npe.n:roBOpy cBoje CaCKe M ITeTap CYCPPMycnecu. . Keaau cy OWlu,n;M Y 2. KffiM3M). Je.n:HO o.n: ffiMXOBMX llAeMeHa (npeMa .M.apICOMaHCICO TBp.n:ffiaMa BOArcpaHra J\all.a y 9. KH>M3M) oejaxy M KBa,ll;M. lVleMe. O.n:BOjMBlIIM ce o,n; OCTaAMX BaH,n;aAa, MapKoMaHM HacpHyITpomajy lIIe Ha .n:peBHM M Cp'laHM Hapo.n: BaBapall.a, Te nporHaBlIIM BaeaplJ,e. MX M3 ffiMXOBa 3aBM'laja OHM 3araCnO.n:apMlIIe ffiMMe, KaKO nMlIIe CYCPPMM Ha HaBe.n:eHOM MeCTy, r.n:e Ka}Ke .n:a .n:peBHM BaBapll.M oexy npOrHaHM O,n; MapKOMaHa, TO jecT BaH­ .n:aAa, KOjM jOlII M .n:aH-,n;aHaC ,n;p}Ke y CBOjOj BAaCTM 'telIIKY HAM BoxeMMjy, jep 'teCM HAM BoxeMM cy BaH,n;aAM, npeM,n;a MaplCOMaHu cy je 3a,ll;p}KaHO ,n;peBHO MMe BoxeMMja, Te ce ,n;aHac BaBapll.MBaHGQAU WlU Ma 30BY OHM KOjM HeKa,ll;a oejaxy MapKOMaHM M onlIITMje CJl06eHu. BaH.ll:aAH, nOlIITO ,n;a MM 3aje,n;HM'lKM je3MK .n:OKa3yje ,n;a ce Pa.n:M 0 je.n:HOM Te MCTOM HapollY. Y ffiMXOBOj BAaCTM 6elIIe 'lMTaBa 3eMlba ,n;aHac no.n:elbeHa Ha MOpaBCKY, 'telIIKY M ITpea npe- • . OU6QAUWma .n:OffiY AYCTPMJY· Y TMM cy ce KpaJeBMMa HaAa3HAa npBa MaplCOMafw. npe6MBaAMlIITa MapKOMaHa, KaO lIITO nOKa3yje KopHeAMje .., 138 Tall.MT Ka,ll;a Ka}Ke: MapKOMaHM npBM nyT CTeKOlIIe CAaBY, cHary M cBoja npeOMBaAMlIITa oTjepaBlIIM y npOlIIAOCTM JIpyzo npe- BaBapll.e 3axBaIbyjynM CBOjOj Cp'laHOCTM . .llpyro ffiMXOBO OU6QAUWme. npe6MBaAMlIITe 6elIIe KO,n; TpMepa. Ta ce ffiMXOBa ceooa o,n;Mrpa y .n:Ba HaBpaTa: y BpeMe JyAHja Ue3apa no,n; B01)­ CTBOM ApMOBMCTa, KpaIba MapKOMaHa M CBeBa, a .n:pyrM nyT 3a BpeMe BAa,ll;aBMHe TM6epMja KOjM (npeMa CBeToHMjy) Tpeh.e npe- npeMeCTM 6POjHO repMaHcKo CTaHOBHMlIITBO. Tpene npeOU6QAUWme. 6MBaAMlIITe MapKOMaHa 6elIIe y npM06aAHOM ,n;eAy.llaKMje, Ha rpaHMll.M C YrapCKOM M TpaHCMABaHMjoM, lIITO cnOMMffie f.{emapmo npe- KOpHeAHje Tall.MT y 2. KffiM3M. Kao 'leTBpTO, HaCTaHMlIIe ce OU6QAUWme. . IT . A . Y ropffiOJ aHoHMJM, r.n:e ce ,n;aHac HaAa3e YCTpMJa M ,n;eo lIITajepcKora BojBo,n;cTBa. KaKO CMaTpaM, MapKoMaHM 'leTMpM nyTa yrBp,n;MlIIe cBoja Hacelba y TOM Kpajy. ITPBM MX nyT (KaKO nMlIIe Tall.MT y 2. KffiM3M) HaCeAH TaMO ll.ap KAay,n;Mje: .n:pyrM nyr OHM caMM OPYJKjeM (npeMa TBp.n:ffiaMa 220 JYAMja KanMTOAHjcKor) 3aY3elIIe rapffiy ITaHOHMjy M BaAePMjy; TpenM nyT Ka.n: ll.ap faAMjeH no.n:apM ropffiy ITaHoHMjy M BaAepMjy CBOM Tacry MapKoMaHcKoM KpaIbY, lIITO HaAa3MMO y 3anMCMMa CeKCTa AypeAMja. MapKoMaHM Ha Kpajy 3a,n;aIIIe BeAMKe MyKe ll.apy BaAeHTMHMjaHy y ITaHoHMjM M BaAepMjM, KaKO CBe.n:O'lM Mapll.eAHH Ha BMlIIe MeCTa. Yo­ 'laBaM nOTOM ,n;a M y BpeMe u;apeBa JYAMja M OKTaBMjaHa MapKoMaHM M KBa.n:M HacTaffiaBaxy.n:eAoBe ITaHoHMje, Koje MM 3aTMM 01lY3elIIe OKTaBMjaH M TMoepMje. ,n;a OM MX nOHOBHO OCBOjMAH 3a BpeMe Xa.n:pMjaHoBe BAa,ll;aBMHe. Uap MapKO AypeAHje MX nOHOBHO npMcMAM ,n;a HanycTe Te KpajeBe CBe .n:o BpeMeHa KOMo.n:oBa M BacHjaHOBa. Haj3a,ll; MX HCTepa o,n;aTAe ll.ap AAeKCaH,n;ap, KaKO nMlIIe CeKcT Pycp. ITeTo npeOHBaAHlIITe MapKOMaHa H KBa,ll;a oejalIIe y lIIAecKOj M Y BpaH,ll;eHOYPlIIKoj KpajMHH Ha peU;H O.n:PH. KaKo H3BelIITaBa BMTHKHH.n: Y OHorpacpHjH XeHpHKa M OTOHa, lIIeCTO HM npeOHBaAHlIITe oHjalIIe y Kpajy KO.n: TpHepa. Ce.ll:MO HM oopaBHlIITe oMjalIIe .n:eo BeArHje y OAH3HHH MOpa, a OCMO M npeTnOCAe.n:ffie Ha OOaAaMa fepMaHCKor Mopa H3Me1)y.llaHCKe H <PAaH,n;pHje. Y CBHM HaBe.n:eHMM 3eMlbaMa MapKOMaHH npOCAaBHlIIe cBoje MMe 3axBaIbyjynH paTHoj BelIITMHM, Kao lIITO ce BM.n:H KO.n: pa3HHX ayTopa. 'teCTO paTOBaxy C PHMlbaHMMa H nOHeKa,ll; HM oejaxy npaBM CTpax H TpeneT. ITpe BpeMeHa u;apa MapKa AypeAHja y.n:PYJKemr ca CapMaTHMa, BaH.n:aAHMa, KBa,ll;HMa H ,n;pyrMM CAOBeHHMa, npera3HBlIIH .llyHaB, 3aY3elIIe ITaHoHMjy M nOOHlIIe .n:Ba.n:eceT XHlba,ll;a PHMlbaHa, KOjH 3a BpeMe BAa,ll;aBHHe MapKa AypeAHja oejaxy npHCHlbeHH paTOBaTM C THM Hapo.n:OM, Kao lIITO CBe.n:O'lH J\Yll.HjaH y je.n:HOM o.n: CBOjMX .llMjaAora, no,n; HaCAOBOM AAeKcaH,n;ap, r.n:e Ka}Ke ,n;a MapKO AypeAHje OCAOOO,n;H ponCTBa ITaHoHMjy nopa3HBlIIM MapKOMaHe, KBa,ll;e H CapMaTe. Ho Y3 KaKBe Hanope H y3 KOAHKO npoAHBeHe KpBM 3a,ll;OOH Ty nooellY, O,ll;AM'lHO nOKa3yje JyAHje KanHTOAHjcKH y u;apeBoj 6MorpacpHjH, r.n:e nHlIIe KaKO MapKO AypeAMje, nOTpOlIIMBlIIH y pary CBe cBoje OAara H3 pH3HMll.a M He }KeAenH HM Ha KOjM Ha'lHH OnTepeTMTM PHMCKe no.n:aHHKe BHlIIe o.n: YOOH'lajeHor, Ha TpajaHcKoM TPry npo,n;a Ha AHll.MTall.MjH u;apCKe YKpace, nexape o.n: 3AaTa, KpMCTaAa H nOAy.n:parar KaMeffia, cpeopHe nocy,n;e, }KeHHHe CBHAeHe XaIbHHe HCTKaHe 3AaTOM H nocyre OHcepMMa M .n:parHM KaMeffieM, AHlIIMBlIIH ce TaKo1)e M KHnOBa HajoolbHX YMeTHMKa . .llo,n;aje 3aTHM H Ka}Ke: HaoPYJKa jOlII H rAa­ ,n;HjaTope np03BaBlIIH MX nOCAYlIIHMU;HMa H 3aBp60Ba MaTHHu;e, .llap.n:aHe, .llMOU;HHHTe H fepMaHe. YAO}KH nOTOM CBe Moryne Hanope y Taj paT, KOjH cnOMHffie TaKo1)e H CyH.n:a, Kao H J\yU;HjaH y ,n;HjaAOry AAeKcaH,n;ap. Ho (KaKO Ka­ }Ke Op03Mje y 7. KH>H3H, nOrAaBlbY 9) Ha,ll; MapKoMaHMMa o,n;Hece nooe.n:y npe BO}Kje npoBH1)effie, HO ll.apeBO oPYJKje. 221 MaplCOMafiU aapame c lJ,apeM mUHujaHOM. BQAeHITemo npe­ OueQAuwme MaplCoMaHa. IlIecmo npe­ OU6QAUwme. 3apame OU6QAUwme. OU6aJIUWme. MaplCOMafiU CeGMO ITaHofiujy. OCMO aayaMY npe­ npe­C lJ,a­ peMMaplCOM AYPeJlUjeM. 139 ClCJlOne npUMupjec Wpafia1.l.1CUM K:pQ.JbeM KapJloM.. JIp2K.e nOG oncaooM ITapua.


"T' HaHMe, Ka,n: 6e36pojaH HapO,n: BapBapCKH, O,n:HOCHO MapKOMaHH, KBa,n:H, BaH,n:aAH, CapMaTH H CBeBH YCTallIe Ha PHMlbaHe H Ka,n: pHMCKa BojcKa rrpo,n:pe y 3eMlbe KBa,n:a, 6ellIe TaMO OrrKOlbeHa, TaKO ,n:a joj He 6ellIe crraca: aKO HH o,n: 'Iera ,n:pyror, rrOMpAH 6H CBH pe,n:OM o,n: CTpallIHe HeCTallIHu:e Bo,n:e. Ha TO BOjHHU:H xpHllIhaHH, KOjHX je 6HAO y PHMCKOM Ta6opy, YBH,n:eBllIH ,n:a HM rrpeTH HCTpe6lbelbe, Pu.M.lbafiu 3aBarrHllIe 3a Emlmjy rroMoh rrpH3HBajyhH HMe Hcyca XPH­ no6eoe 3axeQJbyjynu CTa KOjH HM YCAHllIH MOAHTBe H rrOCAa 06HJ\HY KHllIY, Te ce MOAUmeaMa PHMlbaHH OKperrHllIe ,n:o MHAe BOlbe, ,n:OK BapBapH, BH,n:eBeojfiwffi llIH KOAHKO HX rra,n:a rroroljeHo C He6a, YTeKOllIe ca CBOjHX xpuUll'iafia. . P rroAmKaJa. HMlbaHH HX Ta,n:a orrKOAHllIe H rOTOBO HX CBe rro6HllIe o,n:HeBllIH Ha,n: lbHMa HajcAaBHHjy o,n: CBHX rro6e,n:a C MaAO lby,n:H, aAH y3 cBeMohHY rroMoh XpHCTOBY. ITpH'Ia ce CTora ,n:a ce jOllI H ,n:aH-,n:aHac MOry HahH 6pojHa rrHCMa OBora u:apa y KojHMa CBe,n:O'IH ,n:a 3axBalbyjyhH MOAHTBaMa BojHHKa xpHllIhaHa yrryheHHM Hcycy, 6ejallIe ,n:06HO BO.n:y C He6a H rro6e.n:y Ha,n: HerrpHjaTelbeM. AYU:HjaH, MeljyTHM, KOjH 6ejallIe He3Ha6mKau: H BeAHKH HerrpHjaTelb HMeHa xpHllIhaHCKor, rrHllIe y HaBe,n:eHOM ,n:HjaAOry ,n:a MapKO AypeAHje rrOCTH)Ke rro6e.n:y rrocpe,n:OBalbeM ArrOAOHOBor rrpo140 pO'IHllITa. Taj paT H3Meljy MapKOMaHa H MapKa AypeAHja (KaKO rrHllIy CBeToHHje MHpHH y u:apeBoj 6HorpaqmjH H EBTporrHje y 8. KlbH3H) 6ejallIe HajBehH H HajBa)KHHjH o,n: Pam c MapICo- CBHX, y TOAHKOj MepH ,n:a ra ce H3je,n:Ha'Iyje C paToBHMa MafiUMa fia­ rrpoTHB KapTarHlbaHa. OCHM Tora, MapKo 6ejallIe YBepeH fiece eeJtuICe ,n:a HeM a Hapo,n:a KOjH 6H BHllIe o,n: MapKOMaHa Morao HaUlmeme llIKO,n:HTH PHMCKOM UapCTBY H 3a,n:aTH My Behe 6pHre. Ho Pu.M.lbafiUMa. rrpoAa3ehH 3aTHM ITaAeCTHHOM Ha rryry 3a ErHrraT (KaKo rrHllIe Mapu:eAHH y 22. KlbH3H), 03AOBOlbeH 6YHaMa Jy,n:ejau:a pe'Ie: 0 MapKoMaHH, 0 KBa,n:H, 0 CapMaTH, HrraK caM rrpOHallIao lby,n:e HeMHpHHje H HecHocHHje o,n: Bac. ITpeM,n:a < MapKOMaHH 6ejaxy rrpeTprreAH rropa3 o,n: PHMlbaHa KaKO CMO OrrHCaAH, cBeje,n:HaKO He rrpecTajaxy xapaTH PHMCKHM rroKpajHHaMa. TaKO y BpeMe u:apa KOMo,n:a rrpe.n:y3ellIe TaMapICOMafiU KaB rroxo,n: Ha PHMCKO UapCTBO ,n:a (KaKO rrHllIe CeKCT PyeP) o6aeeJK:y CICO ll.apcmeo PUMKOMO,n: H rrpHCHlbeH CKAorrHTH MHp C lbHMa H rrAahaTH HM fia OafiaIC. ro,n:HllIlbH ,n:aHaK yCTyrrHBllIH HM TaKolje ,n:eo ITaHoHHje KO,n: llyHaBa. 3apaTHllIe rrOTOM H C u:apeBHMa CeBepOM H AAeKcaH,n:pOM. OBaj rrOCAe,n:lbH (rrpeMa rrpH'Ialby Xepo,n:HjaHoBOM y 6. KlbH3H) 3aTpa)KH MHp o,n: MapKoMaHa, o6ehajyhH HM CBe llITO HM je HJ)KHO, y3 BeAHKY CBOTY HOBu:a. Ka,n: IIoeeoy oUlmap AAeKcaH,n:pa y Ha u:aPCKOM rrpeCToAy HaCAe,n:H MaKCHMHH. U :lKecmOlc pam npomue lJapa ,n:olje ,n:O .n:yror H BpAO OKpyTHOr paTa C THM Hapo,n:OM C MalCCUMufia. KOjHM ce u:ap (Kao llITO ce BH,n:H KO,n: HCTOr Xepo,n:HjaHa y 7. KlbH3H H KO,n: JYAHja KarrHTOAHjcKor) 'IeCTO yrrYCTH Y 6op6y y3 rrpOMeHlbHB ycrrex, HMajyhH Ha CBOjOj CTpaHH 6HpaHY 222 BOjCKY o,n: Maypa, OcpoxeMa H ITapTa. YcrrOCTaBHBllIH ,n:aKAe CBOjy BAaCT y ITaHoHHjH, MapKoMaHH ce ,n:HrollIe Ha opJ)Kje rrpOTHB u:apa AypeAHjaHa KOjH HM ce (KaKO rrHllIe BorrHCKO y lberoBoj 6HorpaePHjH) rrOKYllIa o.n:yrrpeTH 6e3 ycrrexa. OHH Ha TO rrpO,n:pellIe y HTaAHjy H YHHllITHllIe 'IHTaB Kpaj OKO MHAaHa. Ho rrpeTprrellIe 3aTHM rropa3 o,n: BaAeHTHHHjaHa, Ka,n: (Ka)Ke 1)aM6YAapH y 2. KlbH3H) 3ay3ellIe PeU:Hjy C HOpHKOM. 3a BpeHe BAa,n:aBHHe u:apeBa faAa H KOHcTaHTHHa (KaKo rrHllIe 30Hapa y 3. H 4. cBecU:H) KBa,n:H y,n:pY)KeHH ca CapMaTHMa, xapajyhH Heo6Y3,n:aHo, Orrlba'IKallIe ITaHoHHjy H roplbY Me3Hjy, a HaCTaBHllIe 'IeCTO TO 'IHHHTH H KacHHje, 3Bor 'Iera PHMlbaHH 6ejaxy rrpHCHlbeHH (KaKO rrpHrrOBe,n:a 1)aM6YAapH y 2. KlbH3H) rroBepHTH o,n:6paHY THX KpajeBa rroce6HoM BOjBO,n:H. 3aBH'Iaj KBa,n:a (rrpeMa TBp,n:lbaMa KOXAaeyca H EOTepHja) 6ellIe Kpaj CMellITeH H3Meljy "Y:ellIKe H ITolbcKe, Ha3BaH 3aTHM illAecKa, a TO HMe My ,n:a,n:OllIe "Y:eCH. HaHMe, "Y:eCH (Ka)Ke JaH ,lly6paBcKH y 8. KlbH3H 0 "Y:ellIKoj HCTOpHjH), BH,n:eBllIH KaKO y ,n:OMOBHHY KBa,n:a rrpHcTH)KJ pa3HH Hapo,n:H )KeAehH ce TaMO HaceAHTH, TO jecT MHCHH, IToMepaHU:H H OHH H3 MapKe y3 MHore ,n:pyre, rrp03BallIe HX CAe3HTH, O,n:HOCHO lby,n:H KOjH rrorryT 3MHja 6ejaxy yrnAH y Ta rro,n:pyqja IIAa3ehH ceo Ho rrpe Tora (Kao llITO ce BH,n:H KO,n: PHKap,n:a EapTOAHHa y 8. KlbH3H) 3Baxy ce AH3aHH, a rrOTOM illAe)KaHH. Meljy MapKoMaHcKHM KpalbeBHMa KOjH BAa,n:axy Ha peU:H Aa6H, y "Y:ellIKoj, MopaBcKoj H AyCTPHjH jOllI o,n: rrO'IeTaKa pHMcKe ,n:p)KaBe, rrpBH 6ejallIe Mopo6y,n:BO KOjH ,n:OBe,n:e MapKoMaHe y "Y:ellIKY (Kao llITO rrHllIe CTpa60H y 7. KlbH3H cBoje feorpaePHje). Ha lbera HacpHy TH6epHje, a y TO ,n:06a (Ka)Ke BeAej ITaTePKYA y 2. KlbH3H) MapKoMaHH 6exy J)Kac H 3a CaMO PHMCKO UapCTBo. HaKoH llITO Mapo6y,n:BO 6H rrpoTepaH H .n:yro )KHBellIe y rrporoHcTBY y PaBeHH, Kpalb MapKOMaHa rrOCTa KaTBaA,n:, Kora crrOMHlbe KOpHeAHje TaU:HT y 2. KlbH3H cBoje HCTopHje. HaKoH KaTBaA,n:a 3aBAa,n:a Jy6HA, KOjH H3 KpalbeBCTBa rrporHa KaTBaA,n:a H rrpHCHAH ra ,n:a ,n:O'IeKa Kpaj )KHBOTa KO,n: cI>pejyca y OKOAHHH Hap6oHe. Ka,n: Jy6HA H3,n:axHY, MHAOllIhy u:apa TH6epHja Kpalb MapKoMaHa H CBeBa rrOCTa BaHHo, KOjH OCTa Ha BAaCTH 'IeTp,n:eceT ro,n:HHa, Ka,n: ra OTepallIe C rrpeCTOAa yjaU:H BaH­ ,n:OH H CH,n:OH. ITpeTprreBllIH rropa3 o,n: lbHX y 60jy (Kao llITO rrHllIy TaU:HT y 2. KlbH3H H ITAHHHje y 12. rrorAaBlbY 3. KlbHre), ,n:06H o,n: PHMlbaHa HellITO 3eMlbe y ITaHoHHjH, r,n:e rrpoBe,n:e OCTaTaK )KHBOTa. CH,n: H HTaA (rrpeMa TaU:HTY y 19. KlbH3H) 3aBAa,n:axy 3aTHM MapKoMaHHMa H CBeBHMa CBe ,n:o BpeMeHa u:apa Becrra3HjaHa. illeCTH MapKoMaHcKH Kpalb Bapa6epT BAa,n:allIe y ,n:06a MapKa AHToHHja rrpoTHB Kora (KaKo rrHllIy AYU:HjaH H KarrHToAHjcKH) rrOBe,n:e TpOro­ ,n:HllIlbH paT. HaKOH Bapa6epTa BAa,n:allIe MapKoMaHHMa 223 Xapajy HmaJtujOM. K fiy eaou u 3aeu'iaj Keaoa. IIafiofiujy Me3ujy. fianao141 OmICYo nomU'ie UMe IIIAecICe. MapICOMaficICU KpQJbeeu. MapICOMafiU cy Y:IKac3a Pu.M.lbafie.


.,...,. BpaH;ZJ.o KOjH (no MHIlllhelbY HeKHX ayropa) H3rpa,n;H rpa,n; BpaHAeH6ypr, KOjH BHTHKHHA Ha3HBa BpeHa6op. Y BpeMe LI-apa J{HOKAeLI-HjaHa, KaKO nHille JOPAaHec. MapKOMaHHMa H CBeBHMa BAa,n;axy f'yHTepHK H ApAepHK. HaCAeAH HX CaAOHHH, 'lHja KhH nHna nOCTa,n;e )KeHa LI-apa raAHjaHa, KaKO nOMeHY CeKCTO AypeAHje. HaKOH CMpTH CaAOHHHOBe, 3aIIoMa.:JK:Y lJapy B.I\.a,z:J;axy XapTaMYHA H KapHOBHCT, KOjH npHTeKOille y noAype.JlujaliY Moh LI-apy AypeAHjaHy npOTHB rOTa Ka,n; oBaj paTOBaille C npomue Toma. lbHMa y l1.i\.HpHI<Y. Y TO BpeMe MapKOMaHH HarrYCTHille 3aBH'laj, Te ce jeAaH Aeo lbHX CMeCTH y PeLI-HjH, a ApyrH Aeo y BaAepHjH H y nOcaBcKoj naHoHHjH. npBH Kpalh OHHX KOjH 3aY3eIlle BaAepHjy H nOcaBHHY 6ejaille ra6HH, Kora 142 cnOMHlbe MapLI-e.I\.HH. HaKOH ra6HHa BAaAaille KyaHMyHA, no6HjeOeH OA TeOAOMHpa, Kpalha OCTporoTa H OLI-a TeoAopHKa BepHCKor. HaCAeAHille ra AKHYA¢ H POHHCMYH;ZJ.. Koje nOMHFbY JOPAaHec H npOKonHje. J{pyre ce nojeAHHoCTH 0 MapKOMaHHMa H 0 FbHXOBHM BojeBaFbHMa MOry HahH KOA J{HOHa H BOA¢raHra AaLI-a. MH heMO OBAe AOAaTH CAOBa Koja MapKOMaHH KOpHCTHille npH nHcalbY, npoHaljeHa y ApeBHOM <ppaHa'lKOM AeTonHCY KOjH Ca,n;P)KH TaKOOe pOAOCAOB KapAa BeAHKor. .A(,~eJb'i~[ it B '" ~A. 'f' )(~ 1 -* ~. IIuCMO Ih nor MapKOMalia. X X " >C • < OCTaAa CAOBa HHje 6HAO Moryhe npO'lHTaTH (KaKO Ka­ )Ke AaLI-) 360r Be.i\.HKe CTapOCTH KlbHre y KOjOj cy OHa OTKpHBeHa. JepeMHja Pyc, MeljyrHM, roBopehH 0 MapKOMaHHMa, Ka2Ke Aa H3Meljy FbHXOBor nHCMa H nHCMa KOA CAOBeHa He 6ejaIlle Be.i\.HKe pa3.i\.HKe. YnpaBO TH nOCAeAlbH, CAOBeHH, jeAHHH OCTa,n;OIlle cAaBOAo6HTHHLI-H. HaHMe, HaKOH IllTO rOTH, BaHAaAH, MapKOMaHH H ApyrH HapOAH 0 KojHMa CMO paHHje npHnOBeAa.I\.H, a KOjH 6ejaxy 3ajeAHH'lKor je3HKa ca CAOBeHHMa, 6exy nOpa3H.1\.H H nOKOpH.I\.H LI-apCTBa H KpalheBCTBa rOTOBO 'lHTaBOra CBeTa, 3aBaAHBIllH ce ca CAOBeHHMa OCTaille no6eljeHH, Te H3ry6HIlle oCBojeHe 3eMlI>e 3ajeAHo C BAaCTHTHM HMeHOM, Kao IllTO je onIllHpHHje Beh pe'leHO. JeAHHH cy CAOBeHH 3a,n;P)Ka.I\.H H AP)Ke jOill H AaHac Ap)KaBe H KpalheBCTBa oCBojeHa y npOillAOCTH H npeOTeTa KaKO OA HaBeAeHHX, TaKO H OA 224 APyrHX HapOAa, Te TaMO 'lyaajy ycnoMeHe, HMe H CBOj je3HK. Cjajy H CAaBH TOra HapOAa Balha jOill npHAOAaTH Aa He CaMO MYIllKapLI-H, Beh H )KeHe lbHXOBe 6ejaxy BpAO paTo6opHe, KaKO cy TO 6HAe H AMa30HKe, )KeHe rAaCOBHTe H BH'lHe OPY2Kjy. YnpaBO OHe (npeMa H3BeIllTajHMa KapAa H3 BarpHeHa H I1BaHa roponHyca y 8. KlbH3H 0 AMa30HKaMa) 6ejaxy OAYBeK )KeHe capMaTCKHX CAOBeHa, IllTO AOKa3yje H lbHXOBO npe6HBa.l\.HIllTe Ha peLI-H BOArH H3Meljy MeAaHXAeHa H CHp6a KOjH (KaKO CMO nOKa3a.I\.H) 6ejaxy CAOBeHCKH HapOAH. J OpAaHec, KaO H XapTMaH IlleAeA y CBOM HAYCTpOBaHOM AeTonHCY, TBpAe Aa AMa30HKe 6ejaxy )KeHe rOTa, Te Aa 3ajeAHo C MY2KeBHMa paTOBaxy nonyr MYIllKapma npOTHB LI-apa Aype.I\.HjaHa. 3a rOTKHFbe H.I\.H )KeHe CapMaTa, KaKO rOA 6HAO, He MO)Ke ce TBPAHTH Aa HHCY 6HAe CAOBeHCKora POAa. Ka,n; HM MY2KeBH 6ejaxy MyqKH y6HjeHH, HaOPY2KaBIllH ce H jypHYBIllH C MY2KeBHOM Cp'laHoillhy Ha HenpHjaTelhe, OCBeTHille CMpT CBOjHX cynpY2KHHKa KaKO TO 3aCAY2KYjy. HaKOH Tora, jOill ce BHIlle OABa)KHBIllH, nOA BOACTBOM KpalhHLI-e Mapne3Hje CTHroille CBe AO A3Hje y TaKO Be.I\.H'laHCTBeHOM BOjHOM noxo.z:tY Aa He 6e3 pa3Aora Mapne3Hjy Balha npeTnOCTaBHTH, OAHOCHO CMaTpaTH paBHOM npBaLI-HMa Meljy BojCKoBoljaMa H LI-apeBHMa. nOKOpHBIllH pa3He HapOAe H npHAo6HBIllH Apyre Ha CBOjy CTpaHY, KpalhHLI-a nOBeAe no6eAOHOCHY BOjCKY CBe AO KaBKa3a, Te 3a,n;p)KaBIllH ce TaMO HeKO BpeMe AaAe nOBOA H3BPCHHM neCHHLI-HMa Aa HaAeHY HMe Mapne3Hja jeAHoj TaMoillFboj .i\.HTHLI-H. npeIIAaBHBIllH 3aTHM nonyr CHAHe peKe 'lHTaBy MaAY A3Hjy, AMa30HKe npeMohHO nOKopHille ApMeHHjy, raAaLI-Hjy, CHPHjy, KHAHKHjy, nepcHjy, Kao H MHore Apyre MohHe a3HjcKe Ap)KaBe. HaCTaHHBIllH ce TaMO, H3rpa,n;HIlle 6pojHe Be.i\.H'laHCTBeHe rpa,n;OBe, nOAHroille HeKO.i\.HKO CHa2KHHX TBpljaBa H ABopaLI-a, a H3Meljy OCTa.l\.HX FbHXOBHX H3BaHpeAHHX TBopeBHHa TY cy ABa 'lYBeHa rpaAa, CMHpHa H E¢ec. YnpaBO y OBOM nOCAeAlbeM nOAHroille y 'laCT 60rnlbe J{HjaHe, KOjy Cy.n;y60KO nOillTOBa.I\.H AOBa'lKe H CTpelha'lKe BeillTHHe, oHaj XPaM KOjH H3a3Ba qyljeFbe LI-eAora cBHjeTa H KOjH nOTOM y HaMepH Aa OBeKOBe'lH cBoje HMe cna.I\.H oApeljeHH XepOCTpaT. OCHM Tora, rp'lKH KpalheBH cy CTpaxOBa.I\.H OA CHare AMa30HKH TaKO Aa nOCAaille Ha lbHX CBor Haj60lher paTHHKa XePKYAa. npHCKO'lHille 3aTHM nOA BOljCTBOM naHTaCHAeje y nOMoh TpojaHLI-HMa npoTHB rpKa. AMa30HKe ce OAp)KaIlle CBe AO BpeMeHa AAeKcaHApa Be.i\.HKOr, Ka,n; AO FbHXOBe KpalhHLI-e KaAeCTpe H.I\.H MHHYLI-Hje Aolje rAac 0 AAeKCaH;ZJ.pOBoj Heno6eAHBOCTH, He MoraAe OHa HahH MHpa CBe AOK (KaKO nHille JyCTHH) y rrpaTlbH TpHCTa xHlbaAa )KeHa H HaKOH TpHAeceT AaHa nyTa He Aolje AO Fbera, BepyjyhH Aa 6H 3a lby 6HAa cpeha Ka,n; 6H HMaAa Aeuy C TaKO MohHHM B.I\.a,z:J;apeM H rocnoAapoM 225 AMll30lilCe 6ejaxy .ilCelie C.ll08elia. 143 Mapnesuja, QM1l301icx:a KpQ.JbUlJa. AMll3olix:e npe.Jlll3e x:ae­ x:acx:e zope. IIoKOpe ApMe­ liujy u opyza KpQ.Jbeecmea. IIoOuzliY xpaM ,aujaliu EcjJecx:oj. KpQ.JbulJ,a .llecmpa A.llex:caIiOpy Be.llUX:OM oolle Ka­c 300XWbQoa AM1l301i1CU.


145 r ueAora CBeTa II Ka,a; 611 ,a;eua HaCAe,a;llAa O"leBY Cp"laHOCT II cHary. OCTaBUlll y AAeKcaH,a;pOBY 3arplbajy HenpeKli,a;HO 144 TOKOM "leTpHaecT ,a;aHa II cn03HaBIllll ,a;a je Beh 3a"leAa y yTp0611 CBOjOj, nOXllTa HaTpar Y cBoje KpalbeBCTBO, r,a;e He,a;yro nOTOM nor1l6e, a C H>OM 113yMpeIlle rOTOBO CBe AMa30HKe II 3aTpe ce H>llXOBO lIMe. Ho IllTO 611CMO TeK Tpe6aAll Kup nOpa:?lCeH pehll 0 TaMllpll, Koja ce C TOAllKOM cp"laHOIllhy cynpoTCTa­ oG CnoeeH1Ce TaMupe. Bll nepclljcKoM KpalbY KllPY, ,a;a My KOHa"lHO o,a;y3e ::lKHBOT? Macai!:emu TaMllpa 6ejaIUe Kpalbllu.a MacareTa, KOjll cy 3anpaBo AAa6ejaxy C.TtO­Hll npeMa AMlljaHy MapueAllHY, a OH y TOMe CAe,a;ll MllIlleeHuMaHU. lbeH>e rp"lKOr ayTopa ¢>apaCMaHa Koje ce HaAa311 y .llllOHOBOj 6110rpaq:mjll uapa Xa,a;plljaHa. AKO 611 ce HeKO XTeo ycnpoTllBllTll TOMe II pehll ,a;a je TaMllpa 611Aa KpalbllUa CKliTa, o,a;roBapaM MY ,a;a Jocmp y 11. norAaBlbY 11. KH>llre o ,a;peBHoj llCTOPlljll Jy,a;ejaua nOTBpoyje ,a;a Kllp 6eIlle nOBeo BOjCKY npOTllB MacareTa KOjll MY, Ka::m::e OH, o,a;y3eCnaeHa.'?ICeHa Ille ::lKHBOT. AAKli,a;a fOTKllH>a, ,a;aKAe CAOBeHKa, 6ejaIlle BPM/CUoa. AO 3HaMeHllTa JKeHa, a (TBP,ll;ll OAayc MarHYC y 5. KH:.1l311, nOrAaBlbY 23) 6eIlle npBa Koja ce o,a;a rycapeH>Y, llMajyhll y3 ce6e MHOIllTBO ,a;eBojaKa llCTllX CKAOHOCTll. HaMepllBIllll ce je,a;HoM npllAllKOM Ha <PAOTY C MYIllKOM noca,a;OM KOjOj 6eIlle y611jeH KaneTaH, Ka,a; Tll MyIllKapull YBll,a;eIlle H>eHe BpAllHe, AenoTY II Cp"laHOCT, nOCTaBllIlle je Ha nOAOJKaj 3anOBe,a;Hllue <pAoTe YMecTo norllHyor KaneTaHa. Y ,a;o6a paTa 113Meoy IllBe,a;CKor Kpalba PllHrOHa II ,a;aHCKOr Kpalba G.n.oeeH.CKe XapaA,ll;a, CAOBeHCKe JKeHe (KaKO nllIlly AA6epT KpaHu y .'?ICeHe naMfVICY 12. nOrAaBlbY 1. KH>llre 0 BaH,a;aAHjll II OAayc MarHYc y 5. UU3eOCKaM: KpWby npomue KH>1l311, n~rAaBlby 8) nO,a;yITllpyhll ~apaA,ll;a, He CAYJKllIlle y AaHal.j,a. CnoeeHKe TeKma u EuCHa xpa6pe pamHuye. MaKeOOHKa CuHaHa npeoeooHuya eojc/CU. Teyma, KpWbuya Aa.JlMayuje. H>erOBllM Je,a;llHlluaMa CaMO KaO BOJHllUll Beh, npllTeKHyBIllll y BeAllKOM 6pojy, 06aBlbaxy Y TOM nO,ll;yXBaTY II ,ll;YJKHOCTll BojcKoBoOa. I1CTaKOIlle ce Ta,a;a HapO"lllTO CAOBeHKe TeKTa II BllCHa, Koje KaKO no HapaBll TaKO II no BeIllTllHloI 6ejaxy llCKYCHe paTHllue MYJKeBHe Cp"laHOCTll. TeKTa 6ejaIlle Booa BeAllKOr ,a;eAa BojcKe, a BllCHa 6ejaIlle rAaBHll 3aCTaBHllK, ,a;a 611 je nOTOM y cYKo6y BojcKoBooa CBeBCKe BOjCKe ,a;llB CTapKaTep AllIllllO 3aCTaBe 3aje,a;HO C "lllTaBOM ,a;eCHOM PYKOM. 3a AMa30HKaMa He saocTajaxy no xpa6pOCTll Hll "leIllKe ,a;eBllUe Koje (KaKO je Beh pe"leHO) norpa611Ille opYJKje II npOTepaBIllll MYIllKapue 3a,a;pJKaIlle ce,a;aM ro,a;llHa BAaCT Ha,a; KpalbeBCTBOM. CllHaHa MaKe,a;OHKa, ,a;aKAe CAOBeHKa (KaKO heMO KacHllje nOKasaTll), ceCTpa AAeKCaH­ ,a;pa BeAllKOr, nonyT HeKe HOBe Mapnesllje CTa,a;e Ha "leAO BOjCKll, YXBaTll ce Y KOIllTaU C HenplljaTelbllMa II CBOjllM PYKaMa YCMPTll llAllpCKY KpalbllUY Kaplljy. TeYTa, JKeHa llAllpCKOr Kpalba ArpOHa, HaKOH MYJKeBe CMpTll BAa,a;aIlle ,a;yro .llaAMaTllHUllMa, MYJKeBllMa BeAllKe xpa6poCTll HaBllKAllMa Ha paTHe no6e,a;e Ha,a; PllMlbaHllMa, npoTllB KOjllX TeyTa "leCTO nOBe,a;e 6op6y II TO HllnOIllTO MaAO,ll;YIllHO, 226 KaKO cBje,a;O"lll ITOAll611je y 3. KH>llSll. Hll ,a;aAMaTllHCKli rpa,a; CaAOHa He 611 ce Morao ,a;pyra"lllje OCAo60,ll;llTll ,a;yroTpajHe onca,a;e uapa OKTaBlljaHa, Hero saxBalbyjyhll TaMOIlllbllM JKeHaMa, KaKO nllIlle .llllOH y 42. KH>1l311 OBaKO rOBopehll: CaAOHllTaHUll Ha Kpajy llsaOOIlle pa3japeHll lIS rpa,a;a 3aje,a;HO ca CBOjllM JKeHaMa, Te jYPHYIlle Ha lbllX II SaMeTHYIlle CllAaH II "laCTaH 6oj. )KeHe ce pacnYIllTeHe KOce o,a;eHyIlle y UpHe XalbllHe, Y3eIlle y PYKe 6aKlbe ll, YKpaTKO, nonpllMllIlle KOAllKO 611 Moryhe 3allCTa sacTpaIllYjyhll llsrAe,a;, Te TaKO OKO nOHohll yna,a;oIlle y HenplljaTelbcKli Aorop nope,a; cTpa::m::apa 3rpaHyTllX o,a; CllAHOra CTpaxa KOjllMa ce, llCTllHY roBopehll, npll'illHllIlle HaAHK CaMllM BparoBllMa. Y TpeH nO,lI.MeTHyIlle BaTpy ca CBllX CTpaHa AOropa, a MYJKeBll lbllXOBll, KOjll ll,a;OIlle sa lbllMa, noceKOIlle BeAllKll ,a;eo BojHllKa npo6yoeHllx MeTeJKOM II BeAllKll ,a;eo OHllX KOjll jOIll cnaBaxy. Ha Taj Ha"lllH sanoce,a;HyIlle AOrop II "lllTaBO TO MeCTO r,a;e ce 6eIlle saYCTaBllAa OKTaBlljaHOBa BojcKa. Je,ll;HaKO TaKO OCBeTAaIlle CAOBeHCKO lIMe JKeHe 113 ,a;aAMaTllHCKor rpa,a;a Ap,a;y6e. Te JKeHe (npeMa llCTOM TOM .llllOHY y 56. KH>1l311), YBll,ll;eBIllll ,a;a H>llXOBll MYJKeBll JKeAe CKAOnllTll Mllp C PilMlbaHllMa II nOCTaTll H>llXOBll no,a;aHllull, npllKAOHllIlle ce Hajnpe PllMCKliM npe6esllMa CKAOlbeHllM y Ap,a;y611, KOjll ce 6ejaxy HaopYJKaAll npoTllB rpaoaHa; HO Ka,a; OBll OCTaIlle nopa::m::eHll II Ka,a; OHe cxsaTllBIllll ,a;a lIM ce MYJKeBll JKeAe sallCTa no,a;"lllHllTll PilMlbaHllMa, JKelbHe cAo6o,a;e "lBPCTO o,ll;AyqllIlle ,a;a he pa,a;llje no,a;­ HeTll 6llAO IllTa, caMO He no,a;"llllbeHOCT. CTora Y3eIlle CBojy ,a;euy, na llX 6aullIlle Koja y BaTpy, Koja y peKY, onOHaIUajyhll y TOMe IIAeMeHllTOCT ,a;ap,a;aHCKliX JKeHa lIS I1AllpllKa Koje (Ka::m::e .llllOH) BepOBaxy ,a;a je ponCTBO BeAllKa cpaMOTa. Ho SaTeKaBIllll ce nOHeKa,a; y TaKBOM nOAOJKajy ,a;a lIM He 6eIlle Moryhe 1136ehll ponCTBo, ySllMaxy CBOjy ,a;euy Ha PYKe II 6auaxy llX y pe"lHll BpTAor Bll"lyhll Ha caB rAac: Bll 3acllrypHo HeheTe HllKOMe po60BaTll, jep npe HO IllTO KpO"lllTe nyTeM TaKO ja,a;Hor JKllBOTa, ,a;OK CTe jOIll CAo6o,ll;Hll, OKOH"lahe ce oBaj BaIll KpaTKli ::lKHBOT. fOTOBO llCTO TO yqllHllIlle II ,a;aAMaTllHCKe JKeHe (Kao IllTO npllnoBe,a;a ApnoHTax 113 Bop,a;oa y PacnpaBll 0 npOMeHaMa ,a;pJKaBa) Ka,a; YBll,a;eIlle ,a;a lIM MYJKeBllMa MalbKajy CTpeAe II Konlba, na Y3eIlle ,a;euy II nOTp"laBIllll C H>llMa Ha PYKaMa 6aullIlle llX y Allue HenplljaTelbllMa. 0 TOMe nllIlle II ¢>AOP II Ka::m::e ,a;a TO 6ejaxy llAllpCKe JKeHe. .llpyre MHoro6pojHe npllMepe BpAllHa, CHare II Cp"laHOCTll CAOBeHCKllX JKeHa, Koje 611X Morao OB,a;e HaBeCTll, ca,a; hy HaMepHO npehyTaTll II nplloHyTll Ha npll"ly 0 ,a;pyrllM Hapo,a;llMa KOjll, npeM,a;a He nOTeKOIlle 113 CKaH,a;llHaBllje, llnaK npllna,a;axy je,a;llHCTBeHoj CAOBeHcKoj HaUlljll. Pa,a;ll ce 0 Tpa"laHllMa II 0 I1AllpllMa, KOjll roBOPaxy jesllKoM 3aje,a;Hll"lKllM .lla"laHllMa 227 Ca.TtOHa 0C.Tt06obeHa 3ax8WbYiy1'iU .'?ICeHaMa. Be.rtuKa xpa6pocm.'?ICeHa U3Apoy6e. )KeHe U3 Aa.JlMal.j,uje c.Mampaxy poncmeo ee.rtUKaM: cpaMOmaM:. 146


r, TpaliaHU, H rOTHMa, KaKO TBp,n:H CTpa60H y 7. KH.H3H. npeMa OHOMe linupu u romu IIlTO H3AffiKe CB. JepoHHM y CBOM KOMeHTapy Ha KlbHry ZOfJ0p'axy uc- nOCTaHKa, TpaqaHH cy rrOTeKAH o,n: THpa, ce,n:Mor JacpemUM Je3WWM. . 6 T .. . TOBor CHHa, rro KOjeM ,n:o H HMe paKHja, je,n:Ha o,n: Haj60lbliX eBporrCKHX Hau.Hja. )leAH ce Ha rre,n:eceT rroKpajHHa, a YHYTap lbeHliX rpaHHu.a, rrpeMa CaAOHH, rrpOTe:>Ke ce peKa MCTap; Ha HCTOKY U:PHOMopje H nporrOHTH,n:a, Ha jyry ErejcKo Mope, a Ha 3arra.n:y MaKe,n:OHHja (KaKO H3BeIIlTaBajy MCH,n:OP H Opo3Hje) rrOTrra,n:ajy rro,n: TpaKHjy, 3eMlbY BeAHKY H MohHY, rro,n:elbeHY Ha BeAHKe H cpehHe Hapo,n:e. Y CBOM HH3Y KpalbeBCTaBa H 36HBalba Jop,n:aHec rrHIIle ,n:a PHMlbaHH He Harra,n:OIIle TpaqaHe ,n:pyraqHje, Hero rrpHAHKOM MaKe,n:OHCKor paTa. HaHMe, o.n:yBeK cy 6HAH (KaKO rrHIIly Mo,n:eCT H Po6epT BaATYPHO) TaKBH paTHHU.H ,n:a rrpeMa rrpe,n:alby H caM Mapc 6ejaIIle TpaqKOra po,n:a. rO,n:HHe 639. o,n: OCHHBalba PHMa, xapajyhH TeCaAHjoM H )laAMaU.HjOM, CTHrOIIle ,n:o o6aAa Ja,n:paHCKOr Mopa, rra Ka,n: YBH,n:eIIle ,n:a He MOry ,n:albe, KpeHYIIle (KffiKe i\yu.Hje ¢lAOP y 4. rrorAaBlbY 3. KlbHre) o,n:arrHlbaTH cTpeAe y Mope, Kao ,n:a THMe :>KeAe pehH ,n:a HX OHO CrrpeqaBa,n:a CTeKHY CAaBY H HOBe rro6e,n:e. Ka,n: nH30H 3apo6H HeKoAHu.HHY IbHX, 3y6HMa ,n:orpa6HIIle AaHu.e KojHMa 6ejaxy Be3aHH, Te HX CTa,n:OIIle rpHCTH y BeAHKOM 6ecy. 360r lbHXOBe OKPYTHOCTH H :>KeCTHHe, a HapOqHTO OHHX C rrAaHHHe XeMOC H H3 ACTHrHca, PHMlbaHH rrpeTprreIIle BeAHKe H TeIIlKe IIlTeTe, a y qeCTHM 6HTKaMa pHMCKa BojcKa 6H CaCeqeHa. Ho KOHaqHO Ha,n: TpaqaHHMa o,n:Hece rro6e.n:y MapKo KAay,n:Hje HAH MapKo )lH,n:HOH, a 3eMlbe TpaqKe crra,n:OIIle Ha rrOAO:>Kaj rroKpajHHe. OHe C rrAaHHHe XeMoc 3a,n:eCH rrporracT o,n: pYKe MapKa )lpY3a ,lI.0 ICaoa Tpa- .. M. 1CUja 3aopJ/Ca roTOBO Ha CaMOj lbHXOBOj IIAaHHHH. HHyu.Hje 3aTpe MHore fJAacmumoz o,n: lbliX y peu.H Xe6ap H rro6e,n:H HX. Po,n:orrH rrpeTprreIIle ICpQ.lba.. rropa3 o,n: MapKa KAay,n:Hja. TpaKHja HMa,n:e a CBora KPalba< ,n:o AeTa rOcrro,n:lbera 48, Ka,n: 6H Y rroTrryHoCTH rro,n:qHlbeHa PHMlbaHHMa H CBe,n:eHa Ha rroKpajHHY. MAHPH ,n:06HIIle TO HMe rro MAHpy, CHHY MCTpa (rrpeMa Bepocy XaA.n:ejCKOM). HAll Ka,n:Ma (KaKO TBp,n:H EBCTaxHje) , HAH rraK nOAHcpeMa (rro ArrHjaHY H3 AAeKcaH,n:pHje) H raAaTeje. Ho 6e3 063Hpa Ha TO je AH 6HO CHH MCTpa, Ka,n:Ma HAH nOAHcpeMa, jacHo je ,n:a cy CBH MAHpH rrOTeKAH o,n: lbera. HaHMe. MAHP 6ejaIIle 147 . A . Ax A . oTau., KaKO H3BeIIlTaBa HCTH Taj rrHjaH, HAa, yTapHja, llap,n:aHa, Me,n:a, TaYAaHu.Hja H nepe6a, o,n: KOjHX rrOTeKOIIle naHOH, CKOp,n:HCK H TpH6aA, a KhepH My 6ejaxy napTa, )laopTa H )lacepa. O,n: lbliX Bo,n:e rropeKAO BeAHKH H CTpaIIlHH HAHpCKH Hapo,n:H, TO jeCT AxHAeju.H, AYTapHjaTH, llap,n:aHH, Me,n:H, TaYAaHu.H, nepe6HjH, naHOHu.H, CKOP­ ,n:HCU.H, TpH6aAH, napTeHH, )laopcH H )lacapeTH. O,n: lbliX rrOTeKOIIle 3aTHM ,n:pyrH Hapo,n:H, HaCTalbeHH y 3eMlbH ,n:aHac 3BaHoj MAHpHja, KOjH ce TaKooe HCTaKOIIle paTHHqKOM 228 BeIIlTHHOM. PaToBaxy HaHMe .n:yro C PHMlbaHHMa, a rrpBH paT H3Meoy J1AHpa H PHMlbaHa BO,n:HO ce (rrpeMa TBp,n:lbaMa ArrHjaHa H3 AAeKcaH,n:pHje y lberoBoM MAHPHKY) 3a BpeMe BAa,n:aBHHe Kpalba ArpOHa. OTau. My 6HjaIIle OAeypaT, a KpalbeBaIIle OHHM ,n:eAOM J1AHpHKa KOjH ce rrpOTe:>Ke OKO 3aAHeBa JOHCKor Mopa H KOjHM Her,n:a 6ejaxy rocrro,n:apHAH errHpCKH Kpalb nHp H lberOBH HaCAe,n:HHu.H. ArpOH ,n:p:>KaIIle TaKooe ,n:06ap ,n:eo ErrHpa, Kpcp, )lpaq H ¢lapoc, a lberOBa BojcKa, KaKO rreIIla,n:Hja, TaKO H KOlbHu.a, 6ejaIIle HajBeha o,n: CBHX BOjCKH Koje HKa,n:a 6HjaIIle HMao 6HAO KOjH o,n: rrpeTxo,n:HHX HAHpCKliX KpalbeBa. Ha MOA6y )leMeTpHja, ou.a MaKe,n:OHCKor Kpalba ¢lHAHrra, rrpHTeKHY y rroMoh MH,n:HoHu.HMa rrpoTHB ETolbaHa. OBH ce ,n:pyrH 6exy yTa60PHAH Ha HeKOAHKO MeCTa OKO rpa,n:a MH,n:HoHa, Te ra orrKOAHIIle HacTojehH CBHM CHaraMa H Ha CBaKH HaqHH rrOCTaTH lberoBH rocrro,n:apH. Meoy IbHMa 6ejaIIle H Xa3­ ,n:py6aA ACPPHKaHau., 3eT XaMHAKapoB H BojcKoBooa KapTarHHCKe BojcKe. HaIIlaBIIlH ce, ,n:aKAe, rro,n: orrca,n:OM, MH,n:HOHU.H rrpeBe30IIle Hohy y MH,n:HOH H o6AH)Klba MeCTa OKO CTOTHHY AaOa. Ha THM AaoaMa 6eIIle ,n:eceT XHlba,n:a MAHpa KOjH, rrpHCTaBIIlH y AYU.H Ka,n: je Beh CBHTaAO, KPHIIlOM ce H XHTpHM KOPaKOM HCKpu.aIIle C 6po,n:oBa, Te rrpeMa CBOM 06Hqajy rrOBe,n:OIIle je,n:HHHu.e rrpoTHB eTOACKe BojcKe. Ka,n: ETolbaHH ,n:03HaIIle 3a lbHXOB ,n:OAa3aK, rrpeM,n:a Ta HOBOCT H rr03HaTa O,n:BffiKHOCT MAHpa THIIlTaxy eTOACKa cpu.a H .n:yxoBe, HrraK ce y6p30 OCOKOAHIIle rroy3,n:ajyhH ce y cBoje cHare, Te rrOCTaBHIIle HajBehH ,n:eo KOlba H HaopY:>KaHHx lby,n:H Ha 3apaBaH rrpe,n: AoropoM, ,n:OK ,n:pyrH ,n:eo KOlba C rrpeTxo,n:­ HHU.OM rrOCAaIIIe ,n:a 3ay3My HeKOAHKO BpAO rroro,n:HHx MecTa He,n:aAeKO o,n: Aoropa. MAHPH O,n:Max pa3japeHo HaBaAHIIle Ha rrpeTxo,n:HHu.y, Te HeIIlTO 360r MHO:>KHHe BojHHKa, HeIIlTO CTora jep je,n:HHHu.e 6exy 36HjeHe y cpe,n:HHH, y TpeHY liX HarHaIIle ,n:a Y3MaKHY, a lbliXOBe KOlbe HaTepaIIle y CpaMHH 6er HaTpar K OCTaTKY BojcKe. nO,n:CTaKHYBIIlH 3aTHM je,n:HHHu.e Ha rrpHKAa,n:HHM rrOAO:>KajHMa, y jYPHIIlY Ha OHe Ha 3apaBHH CBe HX 3aqaC HaTepaIIle y 6eKCTBO. MH,n:HOHU.H H3aIIlaBIIlH H3 rpa,n:a KpeHYIIle 3a lbHMa, Te rro6HIIle BeAHKH ,n:eo ETOlbaHa, a ,n:pyrH ,n:eo IbliX 3apo6HIIle H 6e3 BpIIlHBIIlH OTrropa rrpHcBojHIIle KpalbeBY 3arrOBeCT eTOACKO OPY:>Kje H YKpU.aBIIlH H OCTaAY Ha orrpeMY. 6po,n:OBe M3­ orrpeMY H rrAeH, MAHPH ce O,n:Max BpaTHIIle KYhH. Kpalb ArPOH, Ka,n: CTHrOIIle rro6e,n:HHqKH 6PO,n:OBH, Y30XOAHBIIlH ce o,n: HeBepOBaTHe pa,n:OCTH H ,n:03HaBIIlH 3a ycrrexe CBOjHX lby,n:H rrpOTHB ETOlbaHa TaKO CHryPHliX Y BAaCTHTe CHare, o,n:a ce y HeBpeMe CAaBlbY H r036aMa. nHjyhH y CAaCT H rrpeKO CBaKe Mepe H rrpo6,n:eBIIlH MHore HohH, 060lbe H Hcu.prrlbeH 60AeIIlhy y POKY o,n: HeKOAHKO ,n:aHa rrpeMHHY. 3a BAa,n:aBHHe Tora Kpalba (KaKO peKOCMO rrpeMa ArrHjaHY) 229 AZPOH, ICpQ.lb HAupuICa u ,lI.aJ!MalJ,uje. IJQMCVKe MUOuOHlJ,UMa npomUfJ EmO.lbaHa. 148 HAUPU nomyICY EmO.lbaHe.


"I"""'" I YMpe KpG.Jb PHMlbaHH nOBe)J.OIIIe npBe paTOBe H CKAOnHIIIe npBe CIIOA2POli U 3aana- pa3y:Me C HAHpHMa, 6y.n;yhH )J.a je ArpOH )J.ao nory6HTH oa 1t>e2oea H>HXOBe IIOKAHCape. Ho H3Y3eB AIIHjaHa. HH je)J.aH )J.pyrH .//Celia Teyma. IT 6' T i\ • ayTop He IIHIIIe 0 TOMe. OAH HJe H HT HHBHJe :Ka:.'IKY )J.a H>eroBa JKeHa TeYKa, KOjy AyU;Hje ¢>AOP 30Be TeY3a, a CB. JepOHHM TeyTa, 6eIIIe Ta Koja H3a3Ba CBa Ta npeBHpaH>a. nU'/iej, CUIi HaHMe, HaKOH CMPTH OCTaBH H>e3HH MYJK 3a C060M CHHa K.pG.lba A2p0'lia. ITHHeja, )J.OK JKeHH TeyTH OCTaBH BAaCT Ha)J. Kpa.n:.eBCTBoM Teyma 6ejawe H je)J.HaRO TaRO 6pHry Ha)J. H>eroBHM CHHOM, KOMe TeyTa He MaFiexa 6 . C . nUH£jeea. eIIIe MaJKa. T~IIHBII1H, )J.aKAe, Ha IIpecTO,. HaJIIpe )J.a)J.e )J.OnyIIITeH>e CBOJHM IbY)J.HMa )J.a CBH OHH KOJH JKeAe IIAOTeymu'/ia liapeo6a ICQnema- BHTH 3a BAaCTHTH paqyH MOry HeKaJKH>eHO IIIbaqKaTH CBe '/iUMa 1t>e3Ulie IIITO HM )J.o)J.e no)J. PYKY. HaKOH Tora OKYIIH BeAHKY <pAOry qmome. H noCAa je Ha Mope, nporAaCHBII1H KpajeBe Ha CYIIPOTHOj 06aAH HenpHjaTeIbcKHM 3eMIbaMa. KaneTaHH C <pAOTOM Y npBoj HaBaAH HacpHyrne Ha EAH3Hju;e H MeceHu;e, jep cy HAHPH HMaAH 06Hqaj qeCTO xapaTH THM KpajeBHMa. HaHMe, C 063HPOM Ha JJ.YJKHHY 06aAe H Ha TO )J.a cy HajBaJKHHjH TaMOII1H>H rpa)J.OBH CMeIIITeHH y YHYTpaIIIH>OCTH, He 6eIIIe AaKO 6paHHTH ce O)J. HAHPCKHX yrra)J.a, Te HAHpH CTora 6e3 CTpaxa xapaxy qHTaBOM nOKpajHHOM YHHIIITaBajyhH H pa3apajyhH CBe npe)J. C060M. Y TO )J.06a, JKeAehH ce cHa6)J.eTH xpaHoM, cAyqaj HX HaHece y AA6aHHjy H )J.ocneIIIe y ¢>eHHKY. Y TOM rpa.n;y 60paBHAa je Ta)J.a IIoca)J.a 0)J. ocaM CTOTIolHa raACKHX BojHHKa Koje AA6aHU;H IIAahaxy 3a 0)J.6paHY rpa)J.a. ,llOroBOPHBII1H ce C THM IIAaheHHU;HMa 0 H3)J.ajH 149 rpa)J.a, qeMY ce raAH HH MaAO He onHpaxy, HCKpu;aIIIe ce HAupu 3ay3.M.y Ha Kom:o. Y3 IIOMOh raAa 3arocnO)J.apHII1e rpa)J.OM H CBHMe 2pao <Peliu/cy y IIITO 6HJaIIIe y H>eMY. Ka)J. AA6aHU;H )J.03HaIIIe 3a TO, CMeCTa A.lt6aliuju. C qHTaBHM nyKOM KpeHyIIIe y nOMoh rpa.n;y, He)J.aAeKO O)J. Kora ce YAoropHIIIe Ha 06aAaMa 06AHJKH>e peKe, a KaRO 6H ce OCHryPaAH 0)J. oCBajaqa H3 rpa)J.a, YKAOHHIIIe C MOCTtl. )J.acKe. Y MeoyspeMeHY )J.onpe )J.O H>HX BeCT )J.a ce KonHOM IIpeKO yCKHX npeAa3a AHTHroHHje IIpH6AHJKaBa CKep)J.eAaH)J. C neT XHIba)J.a HAHpa. ITO)J.eAHIIIe CTora BOjCKY: je)J.aH )J.eo nOCAaIIIe y AHTHroHHjy )J.a qysajy TaMOIIIH>e IIpeAa3e, )J.OK )J.PyrH OCTaII1e Ha CBOM MeCTY CHryPHH, rOTOBO Kao )J.a ce HHMaAO He 60je HAHpCKe npeTH>e. HAHPH, KOjH KaKO CMO peKAH 6ejaxy y rpa.n;y, )J.03HaBII1H 3a Ty nO)J.eAY BojcKe H 3a HecMoTpeHoCT HenpHjaTeIba, ycpe)J. HohH H3aOoIIIe H3 rpa­ )J.a, IIOCTaBHIIIe )J.aCKe Ha MOCT H IIpeooIIIe peKY, Te IIpOHaIIIaBIIIH IIPHpO)J.HO yTBpoeHO MeCTO npOBe)J.OIIIe TaMO KPa)J.OM H Y nOTIIYHoj THIIIHHH OCTaTaK HohH. TeK IIITO CBaHY oKYnHIIIe ce jeJJ.HHHu;e C H C )J.pyre CTpaHe H 3aMeTHY ce 60j, a n06e)J.a npHIIa)J.e HAHpHMa. TeK ce HeKOAHU;HHa npoTHBHHKa cnaCH 6eKcTBoM, a )J.pyrH HAH norH60IIIe HAH 6exy 3ap06IbeHH. AA6aHU;H npHTHCHyTH TaKO BeAHKHM HeBOIbaMa H H3ry6HBIIIH CBaKY Ha.n;y y cnac, 230 nOCAaII1e ETOIbaHHMa H AxajU;HMa cBoje IIOKAHCape )J.a 3aTpaJKe IIOMOh. OHH ce CMHAOBaIIIe aA6aHCKHM ry6HU;HMa H JKeAehH HM nOMohH O)J.OIIIe y XeAHKpaH. HAHPH 0 KojHMa CMO rope rOBOpHAH 6ejaxy ce KO)J. ¢>eHHKe IIpH)J.pyJKHAH CKep)J.eAaH)J.oBHM CHaraMa H 3aje)J.H0 npHcTHrAH Ha HCTO TO MeCTO. YTa60pHBIIIH ce He)J.aAeKO O)J. ETOIbaHa H Axajau;a, HacTojaIIIe 3aMeTHyTH 6HTKY, HO CnpeqaBaIIIe HX y TOMe Henoro)J.HOCT TepeHa. Y MeOYBpeMeHY, IIITaBHIIIe, npHMHIIIe O)J. Kpa.n:.Hu;e nopYKe Y KojHMa HM OHa Hapeoyje )J.a ce CBH HeO)J.AO:lKHO BpaTe, jep HeKOAHKO rpa)J.OBa 6eIIIe naAO y pYKe ,llap)J.aHHMa, IIa)J.a HX BpaTe IIO)J. H>eHY BAaCT. 3aTO, noxapaBIIIH qHTaBY IIoKpajHHY, )J.a)J.oIIIe AA6aHU;HMa IIpHMHpje OCTaBHBIIIH HM rpa)J. H CA060.n;y, HO nOBe)J.oIIIe ca C060M Ha AaDe MHOIIITBO p060Ba H )J.pyrora IIAeHa. TaRO ce je)J.aH )J.eo H>HX MopeM, a )J.pyrH )J.eo KOnHOM npeKo AHTHroHHje BpaTH KYhH, H3a3BaBIIIH BeAHKH cTpax y rpqKHM IIPHMOpCKHM rpa)J.oBHMa. HaHMe, BH)J.eBIIIH OnIbaqKaH MHMO CBaKor OqeKHBaH>a CHaJKaH H MohaH aA6aHCKH rpa)J., He 60jaxy ce TOAHKO 3a cBoje 3eMIbe (Kao HeKa)J.a), Beh 3a ce6e caMe H 3a cBoje rpa)J.OBe. HaROH IIITO HAHPH 6ejaxy Ha Taj HaqHH OCBOjHAH rpa)J. ¢>eHHKY, HeKOAHU;HHa HX ce O)J.BOjH 0)J. <pAoTe H OnIbaqKa HTaAHjaHcKe TproBu;e KOjH 6ejaxy Ha nyry y Taj rpa)J. HAH ce naR Bpahaxy y HTaAHjy: HaHMe, MHorO HX :lKHBIbarne y ¢>eHHKH HaROH II1TO cy je OCBOjHAH HAHpH. PHMIbaHH cy HX Beh npe Tora BHIIIe HO je)J.HOM yn030pHAH Ha TO, HO OBH TO HHCY CXBaTHAH 03­ 6HIbHO. Ca)J. HX MeOYTHM nyHO H>HX )J.oOe y CeHaT JKaAHTH ce 360r IIITeTa npeTpnIbeHHX O)J. HAHpa, Te 6exy nOCAaHH y HAHPHK H3aCAaHHU;H IT. JYHHje H T. AyU;Hje KopYKaH. Ka)J. ce HAHpCKH 6PO)J.OBH cpehHO BpaTHIIIe, TeyTa, )J.HBehH ce KBaAHTeTy H KOAH1:{HHH IIAeHa Uep ¢>eHHKa 6eIIIe Haj60raTHjH aA6aHCKH rpa)J.), OCMeAH ce npOTHB rpKa H jOIII BHIIIe YCIIAaMTe O)J. :lKeIbe )J.a 3apaTH C H>HMa, HO YHyTpaIIIH>H je pa3)J.opH y 3eMIbH CnpeqHIIIe y TOMe He )J.onYIIITajyhH joj HOBe nOJJ.YXBaTe. H3rAa)J.HBIIIH MeOYTHM cnopOBe y HAHpHKY H )J.pJKehH no)J. OIICa)J.OM Hcy, je)J.HHH rpa)J. KOjH CBe )J.OTa)J. 6ejarne YIIOPHO o)J.oAeBao, )J.oOoIIIe K TeYTH PHMCKH IIOKAHCapH. Kpa.n:.Hu;a HM )J.a)J.e BpeMeHa )J.a H3Hecy IIITO :lKeAe, Te joj OHH HcnpHIIoBe)J.HIIIe 0 HaHeTHM HM IIITeTaMa. Kpa.n:.Hu;a HX OXOAO H JJ.PCKO cacAyrna, Te Ka)J. OHH 3aBpIIIHIIIe O)J.roBOPH HM )J.a he ype)J.HTH )J.a HHKaKBa yBpe)J.a HH IIITeTa He 6Y)J.e HaHeCeHa PHMIbaHHMa jaBHo, HO )J.a HCTOBpeMeHO HHje 06Hqaj KpaIbeBa 6paHHTH HAHpHMa )J.a noje)J.HHaqHO H 3a BAaCTHTH paqyH H3BAaqe KOPHCT O)J. nAOBHJJ.6e. Ha Te Kpa.n:.HqHHe peqH HajMAaOH O)J. IIOKAHCapa )J.a)J.e O)J.rOBOp )J.OCTojaH IIAeMeHHTa .n;yxa, aAH He 6eIIIe TO O)J.roBOP y IIpaBH qac. 3Haj, TeyTa (peqe), )J.a PHMIbaHH HMajy OJJ.AHqaH 06Hqaj, a Taj je )J.a ce npHBaTHo oCBehyjy 231 Tp"tKa y cmpaxy 3602 3aY3eFia <PeliUK.e. 150 PuM.lbaliu WG.JbY Teymu n01CJ!ucape.


152 ".... Teyma HapeiJu 38. jaBHo npHMlheHe yape)l.e H )l.a nOTnOMIDKy OHe KOjH cy y6ucmeo npHMHAH yapeJl.Y, Te heMo CTora ()l.OnyCTH AH Bor) npe)l.­ ptLMCKUX Y3eTH CBe lllTO je y Hallloj MohH, Te helll y6p30 6HTH USaCJtaHwca. npHcHlbeHa H3MeHHTH Te KpalbeBCKe 06H"Iaje. Te pe"lH TaKO paCp)l.Hllle KpalbHLJ.Y )l.a OHa, He 06a3HpyhH ce Ha TO lllTa he pehH lbY)l.H, nOCAa 3a H3aCAaHHIJ;HMa lbY)l.e KOjH HX, 3a6HBlllH HM ceKHpe y rAaBY, y6Hllle, a 3anOBe)l.HHKe 6po­ )l.OBa CnaAHllle. K:a.,z:{ BeCT 0 TOMe )l.onpe )l.0 rpMa. PHMlbaHH CMeCTa npHCTynHllle npHnpeMaMa 3a paT, perpyTaIJ;HjH H onpeMaFbY 6pO)l.OBa, Te KOHa"iHO He nponYCTHllle Teyma nOHOeo npeJl.Y3eTH HHlllTa O)l. OHora lllTO O)l.rOBapa OCBeTH 3a nOl.UCUbe 6po- TaKBY CYPOBOCT. Ho C )l.OAaCKOM npoAeha, KpalbHIJ;a nOCAa aoee npomue y rp"lKY MHOro BHllle Aaba HO npBH nyT. Je)l.aH )l.eO FbHX rpl'w. 151 OTnAOBH Ha KpcP; )l.pyrH O)l.Ollle y AYKY rpa)l.a Llpa"l, Te npeTBapajyhH ce Kao )l.a cy TaMO )l.a 6H ce cHa6)l.eAH BO)l.OM H xpaHOM, O)l.AyqHllle 3aY3eTH rpM. Llpa"laHH, CHrypHH H HHlllTa He cYMFbajyhH, )l.onyCTHllle HM )l.a HeHaopYJRaHH y1)y y rpM, BepyjyhH KaKO cy TaMO 360r BO)l.e H xpaHe. Ho KM TeyTHHH lbY)l.H BH)l.ellle )l.a HM je )l.onylllTeHo yhH y rpM, H3BYKollle Ma"leBe CKpHBeHe y nocY)l.aMa 3a BOJl.Y, Te caceKOllle CTpruKape Ha rpMcKHM BpaTHMa H 3arOCnO)l.apHllle YAa30M y rpM. LlpyrH )l.eo FbHX, npeMa )l.06HjeHoj Hape)l.6H, npH1)e rpa)l.j' C 06aAe H 3aY3e BeAHK )l.eo 3H)l.HHa. llpeM)l.a nOnpHAHqHO npecTpameHH TaKBHM H3HeHMHHM pa3BojeM )l.ora1)aja, rpa1)aHH ce HnaK y xpa6poj H cp"laHoj 0)l.6paHH oJl.Ynpellle, Te HAHPH KOHa"lHO 6exy npHcHlbeHH nOByhH ce ca 3H)l.HHa. OHH, )l.aKAe, KojHMa 360r HeCMOTpeHoCTH FbHXOBe 6ellle 3anpeTHAa onaCHOCT )l.a H3ry6e JKHBOT H )l.OMOBe, 3axBalbyjyhH CBOjOj CHa3H He 6exy OTpneAH HHKaKBa 3Aa, Te HX TO HayqH )l.a y6YJl.Yhe 6yJl.Y My)l.PHjH H onpe3HHjH. HAHPCKH 3anOBe)l.HHIJ;H O)l.Max HaAOJKHllle )l.a ce O)l.BeJKY Aa1)e H OTnAOBH Ha nyqHHY, r)l.e CYCTHrOllle OHe) < KOjH KaKO CMO peKAH, 6exy Ha nyTy 3a KpcP. Y6p3allle 3aTHM 3aje)l.HO nAOBH)l,6y H OnKOAHllle rpM. Hapo)l. KPcPa, 3aTe"leH H3HeHMHHM 3AOM H OCAaFbajyhH ce Ha cBoje CHare, nOCAa nOKAHcape AxajIJ;HMa H ETolbaHHMa. 3aTpruKHllle jOlll nOMoh H O)l. rpMOBa AnoAoHHje H Llpa"la, MOAehH HX )l.a He )l.onyCTe )l.a 360r 3A06e 6yJl.Y HCTepaHH O)l. BapBapa H3 3aBH"Iaja. CMHAOBaBlllH ce HeBOlbaMa KpcPlbaHa, )l.06aBHllle )l.eCeT axejcKHX OKAOnlbeHHX Aaba H HaKOH CBera HeKOAHKO )l.aHa nAOBH)l.6e CTHrollle Ha KPcP, HMajyhH ce Ha nO"leTKY )l.a he HX OCA060)l.HTH 6ap6apcKe onCMe. Ho CKAOnHBlllH caBe3 C AKapHaHIJ;HMa, HAHPH 6ejaxy )l.06HAH O)l. FbHX Ce)l.aM OKAOnlbeHHX Aa1)a KojHMa HacpHyllle Ha AxajIJ;e. 3aTeKaBlllH HX He)l.aAeKO O)l. oCTpBa 3BaHor llaxH, AKapHaHIJ;H 3aMeTHyme 6HTKY. AxajcKe Aabe 6exy y 60p6H paBHonpaBHe AabaMa AKapHaHaIJ;a H HeolllTeheHe O)l.OAeBaxy HanMHMa, HO lbY)l.H H3 FbHXOBHX nOca)l.a cy 3M06HAH 232 MHoro paHa. HAHpH, nOBe3aBlllH "IeTHpH cBoje Aabe, 3anpe"lHllle nyT HenpHjaTelbcKHM 6po)l.OBHMa H oKpYJRHllle HX ca CBHX cTpaHa. 3aTHM HX y MaxHHTOj HaBaAH AaKO HMa"lallle 3axBalbyjyhH CBOjOj 6poj"laHoj HaJl.MohH. Ha Taj Ha"lHH HAHpH 3ap06Hllle "IeTHpH axejcKa 6po)l.a ca "IeTHpH pe)l.a BeCaAa, a je)l.aH ca neT pe)l.OBa BeCaAa 6H nOTonlbeH C "IHTaBOM nOCa)l.OM, y KOjOj 6ejallle H MapKo KapHHKO, MYJK BeAHKOr yrAe)l.a Me1)y AxajIJ;HMa KOjH je 3a JKHBOTa YBeK HcnyFbaBaO CBOjy )l.j'JKHOCT npeMa )l.OMOBHHH. OHH lllTO ce 60pHllle npOTHB AKapHaHaIJ;a, "IHM )l.03Hallle 3a n06eJl.Y HAHpa, oCAaFbajyhH ce Ha 6p3HHY CBOjHX 6pO)l.OBa n06erollle HanycTHBlllH 6HTKY, Te ce BpaTHllle KYhH Ha CHryPHO. HAHPCKO MHOlllTBO, Y30XOAHBlllH ce 360r Te n06e)l.e, C jOlll BehoM AaKOhOM H cp"laHOlllhy O)l. y06HqajeHe OnCe)l.allle rpM. KpcPlbaHH, H3ry6HBlllH cMa Beh CBaxy Ha)l.j' H 0)l.0­ AeBlllH Ha HeKO BpeMe onca)l.H, KOHa"lHO ce npe)l.allle HAHpHMa H nyCTHllle y rpa)l. FbHXOBe cTpruKe H 3anOBe)l.HHKa CTpruKe LleMeTpHja XBapaHHHa. HaKOH Te n06e)l.e HAHpCKe BojcKoBo1)e nOHOBHO onKOAHllle Llpa"l. HCTOBpeMeHO 3a BpeMe KOH3YAaTa KsHHTa <Pa6Hja MaKcHMa H ll. KapBaAHja MaKcHMa no )l.pyrH nyT 6H nOTBp1)eH 3anOBe)l.HH"IKH nOAOJKaj rHejy <PyABHjy H A. lloCTYMY UeHTOMaAY. Je)l.aH C cPAOTOM O)l. )l.Be CTOTHHe 6pO)l.OBa, a )l.pyrH C KonHeHOM BOjCKOM KpeHYllle H3 PHMa. <PyABHje ce ynyTH Ha KpcP, MHCAehH )l.a TaMO jOlll yaeK Tpaje oncMa, HO cxsaTHBlllH )l.a je npeKaCHO, 6YJl.YhH )l.a HAHPH 6ejaxy Beh 3aY3eAH rpa)l., O)l.AyqH HnaK OTnAOBHTH Ha OCTPBO )l.eAHMHqHO )l.a 6H )l.03HaO lllTa ce )l.oro)l.HAO, a )l.eAHMH"IHO )l.a 6H ce YBepHo y OHO lllTO je qyo 0 LleMeTpHjy. HaHMe, LleMeTpHje, HaCAyTHBlllH )l.a cy ra 3aBH)lJbHBIJ;H OKAeBeTaAH KO)l. KPalbHIJ;e H CTpaxyjyhH O)l. Fbe3HHor meBa, 6ejallle nOCAao y PHM cBoje nOKAHcape )l.a 06ehajy PHMlbaHHMa rpM H CBe )l.pyro lllTO 6ejallle y FberoBoj BAaCTH. KPcPlbaHH, )l.aKAe, 06pMOBaBlllH ce )l.OAacKY PHMlbaHa, y3 LleMeTpHjeBo )l.onylllTeFbe npe)l.a­ )l.Ollle HAHpCKe CTpruKe CMelllTeHe y rpa)l.j' H CaM rpM, Te HM Ha Kpajy npe)l.MOllle H ce6e caMe, MHCAehH )l.a he TaKO 6HTH 3alllTHheHH O)l. HAHpCKe 6e30"lHOCTH. CKAOnHBlllH npHjaTelbCTBo C KpcPlbaHHMa H CAYJRehH ce LleMeTpHjeM Kao B01)OM nyTa. PHMlhaHH OTnAOBHllle y AnoAoHHjy. HCTOBpeMeHo AYAO lloCTYMHje je npeB03Ho KonHeHe CHare H3 BpHH)l.H3Hja, a 6ellle HX OKO )l.BMeceT XHlbMa nelllaKa H )l.Be XHlbaJl.e KOFbaHHKa. CBH OHH 3aje)l.HO CTHrOllle y AnoAOHHjy, Te CTeKaBlllH O)l.Max nOBepeFbe Tora rpMa, OTnAOBHllle y Llpa"l, 6YJl.YhH )l.a cy )l.03HaAH 3a HAHpcKY onca)l.j'. KM HAHPH )l.03Haxy 3a )l.OAa3aK PHMlbaHa, O)l. CTpaxa npeKH)l.Ollle onca)l.j' H n06erollle 06y3eTH MaAOJl.YlllHOlllhy. CTeKaBlllH TaKo1)e npHjaTelbCTBo Llpa"la, PHMlbaHH OTnAOBHllle y )l.pyra HAHpCKa MeCTa, oCBajajyhH y TOM noxoJl.Y 233 Mltupu nomy1Cy q,./lomy Axajalda U EmoJbaHa. f'pl.f.1Ca Y cmpaxy360z 3ay3eha <PeHU1Ce. Pu.M.lbaHu W.albY Teymu n01CJlucape.


~ I 153 MHore KpajeBe. YTO )].OOOIlle PHMlbaHllMa rAaCHllUll ll3 IIaTepMllja, rrpe)].ajynll llM ce 3aje)].HO C 'lllTaBllM rpa..a.oM. Ka,n; llX 06aBe3arne Ha O,n;aHOCT, KaO II ll3aCAaHllKe ATllHTaHaMea oaHae . oe~eo Bue. ~a. yrr~llIlle ce rrpeMa HCCll [Bllcyj; )].03HaBIllll ,n;a Je rpa)]. 10Ill YBllJeK rro)]. llAllPCKOM OrrCa..a.OM, 3arOcrro)].apllIlle rpa­ ,n;OM, a y llCTO BpeMe 3aY3eIlle CllAOM rrpllAll'laH 6poj rpa­ ,n;OBa y HAllPllKY. 3ap06llIlle TaMO He caMO BeAllK 6poj BojHllKa, Ben II HeKOAllKO BOjHll'lKllX Tpll6YHa, Kao II Ta­ ~~~. MOIlllber KBeCTopa; 3ap06llIlle TaKOoe II )].Ba..a.eceT llAllP­ 6 noeYlie Y CKllX Aaoa KOJe cy rrpeB03llAe xpaHy 3a opue. HeKoAllUllHa PueaH. XBapaHa, KOjll )].pMaxy rro,n; orrca..a.OM Hcy, crraCll ce 3axBalbyjynll JleMeTplljeBY 3MaralbY, )].OK ce CBll OCTMll, HaTjepaHll y 6er, CKAOHllIlle y HapoHY. Kpalbllua TeYTa ce C MMOM ,n;PYM60M rroByqe y PllcaH, ,n;06po YTBpoeH Kpaj y)].albeH 0)]. Mopa II CMeIllTeH Ha 06Mll peKe PllcaH. PHMlbaHll ,n;o)].eAllIlle JleMeTplljy HeKOAllKO llAllPCKllX rpa)].OBa Te ce HaKOH Tora BpaTllIlle C QJAOTOM II C 'lllTaBOM rreIlla'lKOM BOjCKOM Y Jlpa'l, o,n;aKAe r. <l>YABllje llCITAOBll 3a PHM C BeAllKllM )].eAOM rrOMopCKllX II KorrHeHllX CHara. IIOCTYM ce 3a)].pMa y Jlpa'ly orrpeMllBIllll 'leTp)].eCeT Aaba, Te y o,n;a6paHllM 06All2KlbllM rpa,n;OBllMa rrOCTaBll BojHe rroca..a.e, llMajynll y3 ce6e ApKlljaHue II )].pyre KOjll 6exy 06enaAll BepHoCT PllMlbaHllMa. Y rrpOAene TeYTa rrOCAa PHMlbaHllMa cBoje ll3aCAaHllKe Ha rrperOBope 0 Haro)].6ll. PllMlbaHll 0)].­ roBopllIlle )].a KpQJ, XBap, Bllc, Jlpa'l II Ha Kpajy ATllHTaHun 6ejaxy rrOTrraAll rro)]. lbllXOBY BAaCT, Te )].a ne llM 6llTll 3a..a.OBOlbCTBO 3a..a.PMll All ArpOHOB CllH IIllHej )].pyre 3eMlbe cBoje O'leBllHe II rrOCTaHe All rrplljaTelb II CaBe3HllK PllMIIowWbe ceoje CKora Hapo)].a, y3 YCAOB )].a He ,n;llpa y )].pyra HaBe)].eHa U3aCJUlHUICe U MeCTa II )].a HAllpll He ITAOBe Ha BllC OCllM C )].Ba MMa II HeelCllonu MUP ea HaopYMaHa 'laMua. TeYTllHll ll3aCAaHllUll CBe TO rrpllXBa­ ~aHUMa. 6 ~ B . 6 TllIlle II 0 euaIlle. eJaxy TO )].aKAe rrpBll CyKO II II rrpBll . crropa3YMll ll3Meoy PHMlbaHa II HAllpa. Ka..a. PHMlbaHll £(eMempuje CKAOrrllIlle Mllp C TeyToM II ,n;a..a.OIlle MHore llAllpCKe rpaXeapaHUH )].OBe JleMeTplljy XBapaHllHY, KOH3YAll ll3pa3llIlle MelbY )].a nOC~BJbeH . Jl . 3a ICpWba llCTll TaJ eMeTpllJe, 3a Harpa..a.y 3a YCAyre rrpYMeHe PllMMJl.upulCa. CKOj perry6AllUll rrOCTaHe Kpalb HAllpllKa. JleMeTPllje MeOyTllM HaCAyTll )].a My PHMlbaHll MeAe 0,n;y3eTll CTe'leHO, llAll M02K)l.a (KaKO )].pyrll TBp)].e) 6eIlle MYM HeCTprrlbllBa II HeMllpHa,n;yxa II HeHaBllKHyT Ha MllpOBalbe, C 063llPOM Ha TO )].a (KaKO rrllIlle IIoAll6llje y 3. Klbll3ll) 6eIlle MeCTOKe HapaBll II 0)]. )].eTlllbCTBa CBllKHYT paTOBalbY, Te 6e3 llMMO 063llpa rrpeMa PHMlbaHllMa llAll lbllXOBllM CaBe3HllUllMa CTa..a.e CBOjllM BOjHllM rrOXO)].llMa 3a..a.aBaTll MYKe MHorllMa. 154 IIo)]. lberoBllM 3arrOBe)].HllIllTBOM BojeBaxy HAllPll, TaKO cypOBll )].a 6ejaxy CTpax II TperreT CBllM CBOjllM rrpOTllBHllUllMa. HallMe (rrpllrrOBe)].a IIoAll6llje y 2. Klbll3ll), KY)]. ro)]. 6ll rrpOIllao JleMeTpllje, rrorryT oAyje 6ll rropYIllllo CBe rrpe)]. 234 C060M. Ho II rrpe Tora JleMeTpllje ce CBOjllM rro,ll.YXBaTllMa )].OKa3ao Kao CMeo II cp'laH 'lOBeK, CTeKaBIllll TaKO BeAllKll yrAe)].. Ka..a. MaKe)].OHCKll Kpalb AHTllrOH BO)].llIlle y3 BeAllKY rrorll6lljy oHaj 3HaMeHllTll paT y KOMe ce ll3Meoy EBe II OAllMrra CYK06ll C KpalbeM AaKe)].eMOlbaHa KAeoMeHoM, TaK03BaHll paT caBe3HllKa llAll, KaKO ra Ha3llBa IlAYTapx, KAeoMeHoB paT, JleMeTpllje ca CBOjllM HAllpllMa 3aY3e y 60jy HajorracHlljll rroAoMaj, Te y HeBepoBaTHo O,n;BaMHOM jypllIllY y3 TeMaK ycrroH CBAa..a.a HerrplljaTelba II rrpll6aBll AHTllroHY rr06e,n;y. 3a..a.06llBIllll BAaCT Ha..a. HAllPllKOM, JleMeTpllje rro)].eAll CBOjy QJAOTY (KaKo rrpllrroBe)].a IIoAll6llje Ha Kpajy 2. Klbllre) ca CKep)].eAaM)].oM, KOjll ra 3aTllM HaCAe)].ll Ha rrpecTOAy. JlOK CKep)].eAaM,n; Ha lberOBY 3arrOBeCT xaparne C rre)].eceT 6po)].oBa HayrraKTOM II AxajoM, OH C llCTO TOAllKO Aaoa MeCTOKO HacpHY Ha KliKAa)l.CKa OCTpBa. Ho )].OK JleMeTpllje TaKO (Kao IllTO CMO peKi\ll) rrorryT Bllxopa YHllIllTaBaIlle CBe rrpe)]. C060M, PllMlbaHll rrOCAaIlle Ha lbera KOH3YAe IIaBAa EMllAllja II MapKa AeAllja C 6pOjHllM lby,n;CTBOM (KaKO ce 'lllTa y 2. Klbll3ll III. JleKa)l.e TllTa AllBllja), rrpeM,n;a IIoAll6llje y 3. Klbll3ll yorrIllTe He crrOMlllbe MapKa, Ben KaMe caMO TO ,n;a IIaBAe EMllAllje 6ll rrOCAaH rrpOTllB JleMeTpllja. OBaj rrOCAe)].lbll y ce,n;aM )].aHa 3aY3e JlllMMY, rpa..a. KOjll CTpa60H y 7. Klbll3ll 30Be JlaAMllj II o,n; Kojer rrOTll llMe JlaAMaTllHaua. HaKOH TOra Harra..a.e OCTPBO <l>apoc [XBapj, r)].e C BeAllKllM 6pojeM CBOjllX HAllpa rrpeTprre rropa3 3axBalbyjynll paTHoM AYKaBCTBY, a He xpa6pOCTll HerrplljaTelba, HaKOH 'lera ce rroByqe y MaKe)].OHlljy. BejaIlle TaMO 0)]. BeAllKe rrOMonll MaKe)].OHCKOM KpalbY <PllAllrry, KaKO caBjeToM, TaKO II paTHOM BeIllTllHOM, Te CTyITllBIllll BllIlle rryTa y oKpIllaj HapO'lllTO C ETOlbaHllMa, yrrpaBo H>eMY (KaKO KaMe IIoAll6llje y 5. KH>ll3ll) rrpllrra..a.e BeAllK )].eo TaKO 3acAYMeHe CAaBe 3aje)].HO C axajcKllM BOjCKOBOOOM CTpaTOM. BeIlle 3aTllM y6lljeH )].OK Ha 3arrOBeCT Kpalba <PllAllrra jYPllIllaxy Ha rpa..a. MeceHa, llaKO ArrlljaH rrllIlle )].a JleMeTpllje rrorllHY 0)]. pllMCKe PYKe Ha oCTpBy XBapy. HaMMe (Kao IllTO ll3BeIllTaBa IIoAll6llje y 3. Klbll3ll, TllT AllBllje y 2. Klbll3ll III. JleKa..a.e II Ca6eAllUo y 1. Klbll3ll 5. EHea..a.e), Ka..a. JleMeTpllje rrpeTprre rropa3 0)]. PllMlbaHa Ha XBapy, rrpoHabe crrac Ha AaoaMa Koje yrrpaBo y TY CBPXY 6ejaIlle rrpllrrpeMllo Ha Tpll pa3All'lllTa MeCTa Ha OCTPBY, Te TaKO rr06eMe HaTpar K MaKe,n;OHCKOM KpalbY <pllAllrry. JleMeTpllje ra JOIll HaroBopll (KaKO rrllIlle JyCTllH y 29. Klbll3ll o CAaBHllM Mj'JKeBllMa) )].a 3apaTll C PHMlbaHllMa. OHll rro)]. BOOCTBOM rrpeTOpa A. AHllUllja rMa KpeHYIlle C BOjCKOM Y llCTOM TOM paTY II rrpOTllB reHUllja, KOjll KpalbeBaIlle )].pyrllM ,n;eAOM HAllPllKa C rrplleCTOHllUOM y CKa..a.py, a 6ejaIlle rrpllCTyrrllo MaKe)].OHCKllM CHaraMa rrOCAaBIllll (KaMe TnT AllBllje y 4. Klbll3ll V. JleKa..a.e) ocaM)].eceT HaoPYMaHllX 235 CmeICHY CJl.aey y oopfiu. CICepOeJI.aUO, HaCJI.eOHUIC £(eMempujee. KUlCllaoeKa ocmpea ce HaJl.a3e y apxuneJW2y. £(Q.Jl.M,amUHl!.U Ha3eaHU no zpaoy £(Q.Jl.M,Ujy. £(eMempuje Oe.JICU Y Ma1CeooHujy. IIOZUHe 00 pYICe MeceHa. ~aHU HanaoHY U 3ay3My Xeap. 155 CKaoap Oew.e npecmoHUl&a U.lI.UPCICOZ .!ba reHl&uja. /cpa­


MlKHX 6poJUfu,a ,na xapajy nO,npyqjHMa no,n ynpaBoM llpa"Ia H ArroAoHHje. HaKOH HeKOAHKO oKpllIaja, PHMlbaHH O,nHeCOllIe KOHa"IHY rro6e.ny. feHu,Hje, 3aje.n;aO ca CBOjHM Pu.M.:ibaHu 3a- 6 . p05e reH.lJuja u CHHOBHMa H C paTOM KapaBaHu,HJeM, 6H o,nBe,neH y PHM, npozHajy ea y CnMemo. Pu.M.:ibaHu y jeOHO.M oaHY oTLlba1.{x:ajy 70 UJlUpcx:ux zpaooea. ApaujejlJu u IIUJlapu pamyjyc Pu.M.:ibaHlLM.a. IIp0U3eoOH:>a COJlU x:oo ApaujejalJa . a 3aTHM rrpeMa Hape,n6H CeHaTa nporHaH y CnoAeTo. He­ .nyro HaKOH Tora TIaBao EMHAHje Onlba"IKa y je,nHoM ,naHY ce,naM,neceT HAMpCKHX rpa,nOBa, Koje He 6ellIe CBAa,naO y 6op6H, Hero AYKaBCTBOM H npeBapOM. LIOro,nH ce TO Ha cAe,nehH Ha"IHH. OH rrOTajHo o,ne y PHM (KaKO npHnOBe,na AnHjaH y CBOM I1AHpmcy), Te 1KYpHO ce BpaTHBllIH o6eha TaMOllII:beM CTaHOBHHllITBY ,na he Ha 3arrOBeCT pHMcKor ceHaTa CBaKOM o,n I:bHX onpocTHTH CBe rrO"IHI:beHe rpexe, y3 YCAOB,na My rrpe,najy CBe cBoje 3AaTO H cpe6po. OHH 6ejaxy THMe 3a,nOBOlbHH, Te OH rrOCTaBH cBoje lby,ne y CBa TaMOllII:ba MeCTa, a 3aTHM Hape,nH 3arrOBe,nHHu,HMa ,na y CBHTaI:be o,npebeHor ,naHa nOllIalbY Tpy6a"Ie ,na Kp~e rpa,nCKHM YAHu,aMa OrAallIaBajyhH Hape,n6y ,na Y pOKY o,n TpH caTa CBH HMajy npe,naTH CBe cBoje 3AaTO H cpe6po. fpabaHH TaKO H yqHHHllIe, a BOjHHU,H O,nMax nOTOM OIIlba"IKallIe CBe OCTaAO. TaKo y je,nHoM ,naHy 3aHCTa OIIlba"IKa ce,n;aM,neceT rpa,nOBa. HAHpH ce HnaK y6p30 OCBeTHllIe 3a Ty HenpaB.ny. Ka,n H3Meby OCTaAHX H Ap,nHjeju'H H TIHAapH YCTallIe Ha PHMlbaHe, Harra,nOllIe oHaj ,neo I1AHpHKa KOjH 6ejallIe y caBe3Y C PHMOM, HAHPH Hajnpe nOCAallIe cBoje rrOKAHCape He 6H AH Ap,nHjeju'H H TIHAapH O.nyCTaAH o,n Tor noxo,na, HO 6y.nyhH ,na OBH He XTe,nOllIe HH "IyTH 3a TO, rrOCAallIe Ha I:bHX BOjCKY o,n ,neceT XHlba,na nellIaKa H llIeCTO KOI:baHHKa. Ho Ap,nHjeju,H H TIHAaPH ce cBeje,nHaKO He XTe,nOllIe noKOpHTH, Te Ha I:bHX KpeHy <t>yABHje <PAaK (<pAaKyc) C BeAHKOM BOjCKOM. Ho Taj paT (KaKO nHllIe AnHjaH y I1AHpHKY) 3aBpllIH C TeK HeKOAHKO "IapKH, 6y.nyhH ,na PHMlbaHH He ycrrellIe y nOTnyHocTH ra npHBeCTH Kpajy. HCTO TaKO H' < AYTapHjaTH, HajBeha H nOHaj6olba Hau,Hja y"IHTaaOM HAHpHKY (Kao llITO H3BellITaBa CTpa60H y 7. KI:bH3H), 6ejaxy y CTaAHOM cYKo6y C Ap,nHjeju'HMa 360r COAH. Ap,nHjeju,H, HaHMe, ,no6Hjaxy CO yHYTap CBOjHX rpaHHu,a I:be3HHHM 3ryrnI:baBaI:beM H3 Bo,ne Koja y rrpolbehe H3BHpe H3 je,nHe )KHAe; rrpHKYnHBllIH BO.ny H rrYCTHBllIH je ,na MHpyje neT ,naHa, 156oCTao 6H TaAOr COAH. Sexy ce ,norOBopHAH ,na ce Y3ajaMHo CA~e TOM BellITHHOM npOH3Bo,nae COAH, HO Ka,n 6H npeKpllIHAH ,noroBopeHe YCAOBe, 3apaTHAH 6H C Ap,nHjeju,HMa. TIAHHHje HX MebYTHM y 3. KI:bH3H, rrorAaBlbY 21, Kao H CTpa60H y 7. KI:bH3H, Ha3HBa Bap,neju,HMa, ,nOK ce y LIHoHa BH3aHTHHu,a HaAa3e no,n HMeHOM ApTeju'H HAH ApHTeju,H. ApaujejIJu KaKO ro,n 6HAo, BHllIe HX aYTOpa, Meby KojHMa H TIAHHHje, TLlba1.{x:autu Ha3HBa nlba"IKallIHMa HTaAHje. HaCTaI:baBaxy OHH o6aAe HmaJ!uje. llaAMau,Hje, KaKO rrHllIe CTpa6oH, KOjH y 7. KI:bH3H OBaKO roBOPH 0 I:bHMa: Ty je 3aTHM peKa HepeTBa, OKO Koje )KHBe 236 ...,., LIaopCH, ApJUfjeju,H H TIAepejH. Y 6AH3HHH OBHX nOCAe,nI:bHX HaAa3H ce OCTpBO 3BaHO KopKHpa, a Ha oCTpBy rpa,n KOjH YTeMelbHllIe fHH,nH, ,nOK ce y 6AH3HHH ApJUfjejau,a HaAa3H <papoc. ApJUfjeju,e OTepallIe y YHYTpallII:bOCT PHMlbaHH, ,naAeKO o,n Mopa KOjHM OBH xapaxy y CBOM rycapeI:by. CypOBH cy TO npe,neAH H HerrAo,nHH H HHCY 3a lby,ne KOjH )KHBe o,n 3eMlbopa,nI:be, Te je Kpaj 3aHCTa roTOBO caCBHM 3anYllITeH. THM pe"IHMa roBOPH CTpa6oH. CTOra BepyjeM ,na cy TH TIAeapH HAM (KaKO HX Ha3HBa AnHjaH H3 AAeKcaH,npHjel TIHAapH, OHH Koje .lIy6pOB"IaHH y ,naHallII:be BpeMe 30BY TIelbellI"IaHHMa, a 2KHBe Ha .ny6pOBa"IKOM no,npyqjy, jep HeMa HaHMe ,npyrHX Hacelba Koja 6H ce HaAa3HAa y TaKO BeAHKOj 6AH3HHH KopqyAe OCHM OHHX Ha TIelbellIUY. OCHM TOra, TO je HeIIAo,naH Kpaj, HaKO ce no HeKHM oCTau,HMa ,no6po BHJUf ,na y npOllIAOCTH 6HjallIe TaMO H HellITO 60lbe 3eMlbe. Bap,neju,H HAH ApTeju,H HaCTaBaxy 06aAY y3 caMO Mope Koje .lIy6pOB"IaHH 30BY MaAHM MopeM. Y TOM ce Kpajy ,n;y2K o6aAe jOllI yaHjeK BH,ne pYllIeBHHe HeKOAHKO rpa,noBa, a I:bHMa HacyrrpoT y BeAHKoj ce 6AH3HHH HaAa3H OCTPBO <papoc. Te KpajeBe TpeHYTHO HaCTaI:byjy ApTaHH HAH ApKHjaHu,H, ,nOK cy HM 3a AebHMa ,npeBHH TIHAapH, C KojHMa y,np~eHH (KaKo je pe"IeHo) xapaxy MopeM nycTOllIehH HTaAHjaHcKe o6aAe. Y HanaJUfMa Ha AYTapHjaTe ,n;y2K o6aAe (npeMa H3BellITajHMa AnHjaHoBHM y I:beroBoM I1AHpHKYI HCTepallIe HX H3 THX KpajeBa. He MoraallIH OTPneTH T)' I:bHXOBY npeBeAHKY CMeAOCT, PHMlbaHH BHllIe nyTa noCAallIe Ha I:bHX BeAHKe BojcKe, Te HX Ha KOHa"IHO nOT}'KollIe H npHCHAHllIe ,na ce nOBYKY y YHYTpallII:bOCT. KaKo noKa3yjy TIToAeMejeBe KapTe, HaCTaH>aBaxy rrpe,neAe OKO peKe LIpHHe. PHMlbaHH npBH nYT 3apaTHllIe C I:bHMa ro,nHHe 618. o,n OCHHBaI:ba PHMa, no,n BobcTBOM npeTOpa M. KocKoHHja. LIBa,neceT H ,neBeT roJUfHa KacHHje, Ka,n ce KOH3YA K. TIopu,Hje KaToH nOTyqe C I:bHMa y 6ojy, 6H nopa­ )KeH (KaKo nHllIee EBTponHje y 4. KI:bH3H) y3 BeAHKY cpaMOT}'. PHMlbaHH cBeje,nHO He o.nyCTajaxy o,n yqeCTaAHX Hana,na Ha I:bHX no,n BO,nCTBOM A. LIH,nHOHa, AeHT}'Aa, TIH30­ Ha, KopHeAHja, rrpOKOH3YAa M. MHHYu,Hja, Pycpa, MecaAe, Ayu,Hja Cu,HnHOHa H KOH3YAa M. AHBHja LIpY3a. CBH ce OHH 60pHllIe npOTHB OKpYTHor Hapo,na CKop,nHCKa, a OBH, npeM,na .nyro 6ejaxy BpAO MohHH (KaKO nHllIe CTPa60H y 7. KI:bH3H), HnaK "IeCTHM H CTaAHHM paTOBaI:beM C PHMlbaHHMa H ca cyce,nHMa roTOBO y nOTnyHoCTH H3ry6HllIe cHary. Sejaxy TaKO OKpyTHH (Kao llITO nHllIe TIaBAe Opo3Hje y 23. norAaBlbY 5. KI:bHre) ,na Meby ,npyrHM rpo30TaMa, Koje no­ "IHHHllIe H 0 KojHMa je cTpallIHo H "IYTH, 6ejallIe T}' H OBa: Ka,n 6H HM He,noCTajao nexap 3a nHhe, CMeCTa 6H Y3eAH je,nHor po6a H O,npy6HAH My rAaay, Te 6H ce, HaKOH llITO cy H3Ba,nHAH M03aK, CAY2KHAH TOM Ao6aI:bOM jOllI KpBaBOM H 237 Kopx:upaje Kop1.{!J.!Ia. rpao Kop1.{YJlY nOOuzoute THuau, cx:u IIUJlapu HapOO. a3Ujcy oaHac IIe.Jbeut1.{aHu. ApmejIJu, oaHac Apx:ujaHlJu . IIozuHe 00 pyx:e MeceHa. Pu.M.:ibaHu HanaOHY u 3ay3.My Xeap. 157 cx:oeolje PuMcx:e Cx:opOucx:a. pamoeaxy npomue x:oje eojBeJlux:a oKpymHOcm Cx:opoucx:a.


j(Be2pal-ie CKopOucKa. Bepzo,oal-tac peKa,ilpaBa. /:buxooa 6uBQJl.ulUma. Hoop,oal-iQc Hn.upu CaBa. npe1..1.3 Ce2ecme pamyjy C F'uM.lbal-iu.M.a. npeKpHBeHOM KOCOM. TOM CBOjOM OKPYTHOIllny (KaKO npHrrOBe.n.a MapIJ,eAHH y 27. KI:bH3H) 'IecTO 3a,AaBaxy MyKe PHMCKOj peny6AHIJ,H, Koja HaKOH MHOro 6HTaKa H nopa3a KOHa'iHO H3ry6H 'IHTaBY BOjCKY 3aje.n.Ho C I:beHHM 3anOBe.n.­ HHKOM. CKOp.n.HCIJ,H cy ce )J.AHAH Ha .n.Be rpaHe (npeMa CTpa60HoBHM TBp.n.I:baMa y 7. KlbH3H), Ha roPlbe H .n.0H:.e CKop.n.HcKe. rOpI:bH CKOp.n.HCIJ,H HaCTaI:baBaxy KpajeBe H3­ Mel)y .n.Bejy peKa Koje ce YAHBajy y,[(yHaB, O.n.HOCHO H3Mel)y Hoapa HAH CaBe H Bepra, .n.aHac LlpaBe. LlOI:bH CKOp.n.HCIJ,H >KHBlhaxy C OHe CTpaHe ,[(yHaBa. 1)aKOMO KaCT8A)J.H TBp.n.H .n.a CKOp.n.HCIJ,H HaCTalbaBaxy 3eMlbY Koja .n.aHac HOCH HMe PallIKa, .n.OK LlOMeHHIJ,HO MapHo Herpo Ka>Ke .n.a lbHXOBa 3eMlba 6ejallie OHa KOjy .n.aHac HacTalbyjy BOCaHIJ,H. I-L\HPH H3 CereCTe o.n.ynpeIlle ce AyIJ,Hjy KoTy, MeTeAY H Ue3apy ABryCTy. OBaj rrOCAe.n.lbH, y Hana.n.y Ha lbHXOB rpa.n. CeTOBHjy 6H TelliKO paI:beH KaMeHOM KOjH ra noro.n.H y KOAeHO, Te OCTa npHKOBaH 60AOBHMa BHIlle .n.aHa. HCTO MY ce TO .n.oro.n.H H y 60p6H 3a MeTYA, rpa.n. Jarro.n.a. Ka,A PHMlbaHH Hana,AOllie nOMeHYTH rpa,A MeTyA (KaKO npHnoBe.n.a Janoou meuuco llHOH y 49. KI:bH3H), Jano.n.H 0.n.6HllIe HerrpHjaTelbe, CnaAHpalie Ilesapa. TIpe6uBQJl.u- IUme Janooa. llIe MHore I:bHXOBe paTHe cnpaBe H TeIllKO paHHIlle Ue3apa .n.OK oBaj HacTOjaIlle nOneTH ce Ha 3H.n.HHe C je.n.Hor .n.pBeHor TOPlba. Jano.n.H 6ejaxy CMeIllTeHH (rrpeMa CTpa60HY y 7. KlbH3H) Ha ropH AA6H, Koja je nOCAe.n.I:ba y aAIICKOM IIAaHHHCKOM AaHIJ,y H BpAO BHCOKa; C je.n.He CTpaHe rpaHH­ 'IHllIe ce C ilaHoHHjoM H ,[(yHaBoM, C .n.pyre C Ja.n.paHoM. ilpeM.n.a 6ejaxy paT060pHH, HrraK HX 'IeCTH paToBH C PHMCKHM BojcKoBol)aMa, a noce6Ho ca CeMrrpoHHjeM Ty.n.HTaHOM, TH6epHjeM CnaH.n.yCHjeM H Ue3apOM ABryCTOM, H3MY­ 'IHllIe .n.o KpajHoCTH. rpa,AOBH I:bHXOBH 6ejaxy MeT}'A, ApynHyM, MOHeIJ,HYM H BeH.n.o. ilpe.n.eAH Koje HaCTaI:baBaxy 6ejaxy HenAo.n.HH, Te >KHBexy nOHajBHIlle o.n. pa>KH H npoca.. , OpY>Kje HM 6ejaIlle H3pal)eHo rro yrAe.n.y Ha cppaHa'lKO, a 1580.n.ope norrYT OHHX .n.pyrHX HAHpa H Tpa'iaHa. ilpHnOBe.n.a TIeol-iu, JfCeC~OKU l-ienpuJaT/leJbU u.M.el-ia Pu.M.CK02. ilAHHHje y 2. KlbH3H, rrOrAaBlbY 21, .n.a cy ce npH crropOBHMa 06panaAH Cy.n.HAHIllTy CKpa.n.HHY. LlaHac ce 30BY (npeMa TBp.n.lbaMa BO~aHra AaT3a H 0pTeAa) KpaI:bIJ,H, a no.n.aHHIJ,H cy aycTpHjcKHx KHe>KeBa. XaHc CTa,AeH y CBOjHM KOMeHTapHMa AyIJ,Hja cl>Aopa Ka>Ke Mel)YTHM .n.a Jano­ .n.H HaCTaI:baBaxy 3eMlbe Koje cy .n.aHac y rroce.n.y llITajepaIJ,a. ileoHH HAM ilaHOHIJ,H je.n.HaKo ce TaKO nOKa3aIlle >Kec­ • TOKHM HenpHJaTelbHMa HMeHa PHMCKOr. .iKHBlbaxy y 6AH3HHH ,[(yHaBa, KaKO H3BeIllTaBa LlHOH y 49. KI:bH3H, r.n.e OBaKO roBOPH 0 I:bHMa: ilaHOHIJ,H (Ka>Ke OH) >KHBe y 6AH3HHH peKe HCTpa y HOPHKY, na CBe .n.o eBporrCKe Me3Hje, He.n.aAeKO o.n. Hapo.n.a LlaAMaIJ,Hje. CBHKHYAH cy TpneTH HajTe>KH H Hajrpy6lbH >KHBOT KOjH ce MO>Ke 3aMHCAHTH, jep AOIliH cy y I:bHXOBOj 3eMlbH H TAe H Ba3.n.yx, HeMa HH ylha HH 238 .,.... BHHa, OCHM Y caCBHM He3HaTHHM KOAH'IHHaMa, a HHje HM HH 06H'Iaj Y3rajaTH ylbapHIJ,e HAH rpo>Kl)e, jep HajBenH .n.eo ro.n.HHe BAa,Aa KO.n. lbHX OIliTpa H BpAO XAa,AHa 3HMa, Te ce xPaHe je'lMoM H npocoM o.n. KOjHX npoH3Bo.n.e H nHne. HcTHHy roBopenH, lbY.lJ.H cy TO KOjH K TOMe CHarOM H CTaCOM Ha.n.MaIllyjy CBe .n.pyre MY>KeBe 6HAO Kojer o.n. rr03HaTHX Hapo.n.a. C 063HPOM Ha TO .n.a y >KHBOTy I:bHXOBOM HeMa Tora IllTO 6H 6HAO .n.OCTOjHO 3BaTH ce .n.OCTOjHHM H 'IaCHHM, no HapaBH cy CKAOHH CpI,l6H H y6HCTBY. To IllTO nHIlleM 0 OBOM Hapo.n.y, He nHIlleM caMO 3aTO IllTO caM TaKO qyo HAM npO'lHTaO, Ben CTora IllTO caM ce BAacTHTHM O'lHMa yBepHO .n.a je HCTHHa H TO Y BpeMe Moje yrrpaBe Ha,A THM HaPO.n.OM. TOAHKO Ka>Ke LlHOH 0 ileoHHMa [ilaHOHHIJ,Maj. ilHIlle 0 I:bHMa H ArrHjaH H3 AAeKcaH.n.pHje y CBOM Y1AHPHKY, H TO Ha CAe.n.enH Ha'lHH: TH ileOHH 6ejaxy (Ka>Ke OH) BpAO n03HaTH 3axBalbyjynH ArpHjaHIJ,HMa H3 MaKe.n.OHHje KOjH y MHorHM paTOBHMa CAY>KHIlle HapO'lHTO cl>HAHna H AAeKcaH.n.pa, 6y.n.ynH .n.a cy H caMH ArpHjaHIJ,H 3arrpaBO ileOHH H3 HajjY>KHHjer orpaHKa, a nOTeKAH cy o.n. HAHpa. Ka,A KopHeAHje 3apaTH rrpOTHB ileOHa H Ka,A OHH Ha I:beroBY BeAHKY cpaMOTy 0.n.6HllIe CBe Hana,Ae H Ha Kpajy ra nopa3HIlle, I:bHXOBa CAaBa nopaCTe TaKO H npOHece ce rAac 0 I:bHMa HcnyHHBIllH CTpaxOM 'IHTaBy HTaAHjy. CTora ce 3a.n.yro He Hal)e pHMCKor KOH3YA KOjH 6H ce O.n.Ba>KHO 3apaTHTH c I:bHMa. To je OHO IllTO AnHjaH nHIlle 0 ileoHHMa. Y BpeMe Ue3apa ABryCTa YCTaIlle OHH 3aje.n.Ho C LlaAMaTHHIJ,HMa npoTHB PHMcKora UapCTBa, Kao IllTO neMo oB.n.e HeIllTO KacHHje HcrrpHrroBe.n.aTH. AH6ypHH H3 HAHpHKa BHIlle ce nyTa xpa6po o.n.ynpeIlle H 0.n.6HIlle Hana,Ae AeHTyAa H ra6HHHja, PHMCKHX BojcKoBol)a C KojHMa ce HeKOAHKO nYTa CYK06HIlle y oKpIllajHMa Bpe.n.HHM cy3a. JOIli npe THX paTOBa C PHMlbaHHMa, YHa3a,A MHoro BeKoBa, 6eIlle I:bHXOBa CAaBa 'IaK H Bena, a HapO'lHTO 6ejaxy n03HaTH no noMOPCKHM 6HTKaMa. CTora AYKaH Ka>Ke .n.a AH6YPHH 6ejaxy Ha MOPY BpAO paT060pHH. Llp>Kaxy yseK cnpeMHoM 'IHTaBY je.n.HY BeAHKY CPAOTy, C KOjOM Y Hana.lJ.HMa Ha apxHrreAar 6exy 3arocno.n.apHAH HeKHMa o.n. TaMOIllI:bHX oCTpBa. CTpa60H, HaHMe, y 6. KlbH3H rrHIlle .n.a ApxHja KOPHHTCKH, YTeMelbHTelb rpa,Aa CHpaKY3e Ha CHIJ,HAHjH, nAoBenH ca CBOJOM CPAOTOM OCTaBH KepCHKpaTa H3 po.n.a XepaKAH.n.a c .n.eAOM BojcKe .n.a ce 3a,Ap>KH H HaCTaHH Ha OCTPBY Koje ce .n.aHac 30Be KopKHpa, a .n.peBHO My HMe 6ejaIlle CKepHja. KepCHKpaT ojepa .n.OTa,AallII:be rocno.n.ape AH6YPHe, Te HaceAH TO OCTpBO. iloKpajHHa AH6ypHHja .n.06H TO HMe (KaKO TBp.n.H CTpa60H) rro rpa.n.y AH6YPHHjH. ilHHe.n.a Ka>Ke .n.a ce Ha MeCTy AH6ypHHje .n.aHac HaAa3H 3a,Aap C OKOAHHOM. KaKO ce 'IHHH, HCTO TO TBp.n.H H BereIJ,Hje, KOjH nHIlle .n.a AH6ypHHja 6eIlle .n.eo LlaAMaIJ,Hje H .n.a 6ejaIlle rro.n.pel)eHa 239 Te.n.eCI-iOM CI-iG2o.M l-iaoMalUyjy CBe ocma.ne. Bejaxy BPJlO n03l-iamu. TIomYKY Pu.M.CK02 BOjCKOBoby Kopl-ie.n.uja. /lU6ypl-iu ce 60pe C PuM­ .lbQI-iUMa. 159 HaMOpycy pamo60pl-iu. oal-iac nooapu Au6ypl-iujaje Bejaxy 3aoap KpcjJa. 20C­C OKOJlUl-io.M.


.,.... JIeeem 3aaap- rpa,oy 3a,n.py. IlAHHHje y 11. norAaBLbY 3. KIbHre npHCICUX .M.Jlaauti.a nOBe,lI,a KaKO ,lI,eBeT MAa,n.Hha H HCTO TOAHKO ,lI,eBojaKa H3 U umo mo.l1.WCO • . i1eeojarca npe- .I1AHpHKa, npeIIIaBIIIH y AnyAHJY Y KpaJ HaCTaH>eH Ile,lI,H1)y y AnY.l1.ujy KYAHMa, nOCTaIIIe 3a'-leTHHUH TpHHaeCT HapO,lI,a. fpa,lI,OBH U nocmaute THX Ile,lI,HKYAa 6ejaxy Py,lI,Hja, ErHaUHja H BapHoH, HeKa,n. 3attemHU~U 13 3BaH Jane,lI,H, a ,lI,aHaC BapH. TH KpajeBH 6exy 3aTHM Hapoaa. Ha3BaHH IleyueTH HAH (KaKO TBp,lI,H .llHoHH3Hje Il}'H>aHHH) Ileyu.eHTHHH, ,lI,06HBlliH TO HMe npeMa OHOj MAa,n.e:>KH Koja 6ejaIIIe AH6ypHCKora pO,lI,a, a ,lI,eo ce AH6ypHa (KaKO KaJKe KaAHMax KO,lI, IlAHHHja) 30Be ynpaBo Ileyu.eTH. OCTaBLbajyhH ca,n.a ,lI,aLba paCnpaBLb8.H>a 0 IbHMa, n03a6aBHheMO ce JIaJl.MLlmuH'&U HUCY HUKaa .llaAMaTHHUHMa, LbY,lI,HMa KOjH 360r cBoje xpa6pOCTH H jyooeWOHO HalliTBa y BOjHHM BeIIITHHaMa HHKa,n. HHCY ,lI,OBOLbHO XBaxewoeHU. LbeHH. OHH cy, HaMMe, Meoy CBHM HAHpCKHM HapO,lI,HMa TH Koje cy rp'-lKH H AaTHHCKH nHCUH nOHajBHllie npOCAaBHAH Kao BpAO xpa6pe y 60jy H CBHKHYTe n06e,lI,aMa Ha,n. PHMLbaHHMa. fOTOBO He MOraBIIIH TO OTpneTH, oHaj BeAHKaH H3 ApIIHHa, MapKO TyAHje UHuepOH, HanHca PHMCKOM BOjCKOBOOH BaTHHY KOjH ce 60PHO npOTHB Tor ,lI,aAMaTHHCKor OayeeK cy HapO,lI,a (KaKO ce '-IHTa y 5. KlbH3H nOCAaHHua) cAe,lI,ehe CMGmpaHU pe'-lH: HeKa 60roBH HaY,lI,e .llaAMaTHHUHMa lliTO TH He ,lI,ajy pamHU~UMa. MHpa, jep O,lJ,YBeK cy CMaTpaHH paTHHUHMa . .llaAMaTHHUH ce npBH nyT CyK06HIIIe C PHMLbaHHMa (Kao lliTO CMO peKAR) y BpeMe ,lI,OK .llaAMauHjOM KpaLbeBaIIIe TeYTa. 3apaTHIIIe 3aTHM C fajeM MaKpHjeM, KOjH y npBOM oKpIIIajy, KaKO nHllie Ca6eAHKO, 6H nOpaJKeH. HaKOH Tora He npeCTajaxy J60 HaCpTaTH Ha PHMLbaHe H Ha ,lI,pyre HAHpe, pHMcKe caBe3­ HHKe, KaKO nHIIIe AnHjaH H3 AAeKCaH,lI.pHje y paCnpaBH 0 .I1AHPHKY, r,lI,e KaJKe ,lI,a .llaAMaTHHUH Hana,lI,OIIIe ,lI,pyre .I1AHpe, nOCAYlliHHKe pHMcKe. Ka,n. HM PHMLbaHH nOCAame Omepajy cBoje H3aCAaHHKe, He XTe,lI,OIIIe HX npHMHTH HH caCAY,' pUMCKe IIIaTH, HaKOH '-Iera 6H nOCAaH npOTHB IbHX KOH3YA MapKO U3aCllaHUI<:e. <PHrOA• .llaAMaTHHUH O,lI,Max HacpayIIIe Ha CTpaJKe <PHro­ . AOBe BojcKe, nOTYKOllie HX H 0,lI,6HIIIe CBe,lI,O peKe HepeTBe. IIopase eO}CKy . . M. tPuzo.l1.a. CTynHBlliH Ha KOH3YACKH nOAo~aJ, UeUHAHJe MeTeA OJlAY­ '-IH 3apaTHTH npOTHB .llaAMaTHHaua, a ,lI,a OBH He 6exy HHlliTa CKpHBHAH. O,lI,e TaKO y .llaAMaUHjy, r,lI,e ra OHH npHjaTeLbCKH npHMHIIIe, Te npOBe,lI,e 3HMY y IbHXOBOj npeCTOHHUH CaAOHH. BpaTHBlliH ce y PHM, 6H CAaBLbeH Kao no6e,lI,HHK 6e3 HKaKBa pa3Aora HAH 3acAyre, Ha lliTO ce O,lI,HOCH H oHaj ,lI,peBHH npHMep KOjH KaJKe: KHej <PYABHje nOCTaBIIIH KOH3YA KHej nAeMeHHTH UeHTHMaAYC, H3 XXV. nOMohHe AerHje, npoKOH3YA H3 HAHpCKe HauHje, 6HO je 6p8.H>eHHK ueHTypHoHa KBHHTHAHja. 240 .llOK Ue3ap paTOBallie C KeATHMa, .llaAMaTHHUH 0,lI.y3eIIIe AH6ypHHMa rpa,lI, IlpoMoHy. AH6ypHH ce 06paTHIIIe Ue3apy, KOjH 6eIIIe He,lI,aAeKO 0,lI, Tora Kpaja, Te OH nOCAa .llaAMaTHHUHMa cBoje H3aCAaHHKe HYTKajyhH HX ,lI,a BpaTe AH6ypHHMa IbHXOBe 3eMLbe. BY,lJ,YhH ,lI,a ce He 6ejaxy 06a3HpaAH HH Ha pe'-lH HH Ha 3anOBeCTH Ue3apoBe, OH nOCAa Ha IbHX BeAHKY BOjCKY Koja OCTa nOTyqeHoM H nOpaJKeHoM. Y,lI,06a Ue3apoBa cyK06a C IloMnejeM, fa6HHHje 6ejame Ha '-IeAy neTHaeCT PHMCKHX KOXOpTH H TpH XHLha,n.e KOlbaHHKa. CTpaxyjyhH ,lI,a 6H y cAyqajy n06e,lI,e Ha,n. IloMnejeM Ue3ap Morao H lbHX caTpTH 360r CBHX HaHeceHHX YBpe,lI,a, .llaAMaTHHUH y jYPHIIIy noy6Hjame '-IHTaBY oay BojCKY H3y3eB CaMora fa6HHHja H HeKOAHUHHe ,lI,pyrHX KOjH ce 3aje,lI.­ HO C lbHM cnaCHIIIe 6eKCTBoM. TOM ce n06e,lI,OM CHARO 060­ raTHIIIe O,lI,HeBIIIH BeAHK nAeH H MHoro 3AaTHHKa. Ka,n. Ue3ap HanOKOH n06e,lI,H IloMneja H ype,lI,H CBe Ha CBOj Ha'-lHH, BpaTH ce y PHM, r,lI,e H3BpIIIH CBe npHnpeMe 3a paT npOTHB feTa H IlapTa. Y CTPaxy ,lI,a 6H Ue3ap y CBOM noxo,lJ,Y Morao H lbHX HanaCTH, .llaAMaTHHUH My nOCAaIIIe cBoje H3aCAaHHKe ,lI,a 3aTpaJKe 0,lI, lbera onpOCT H ,lI,a My noay,lI,e npHjaTeLbCTBO H caBe3HHIIITBO, CHAHO BeAH'-IajyhH cBoje paTHe BelliTHHe. Ue3ap, KOjH Beh 6HjaIIIe Ha nYTY y noxo,lJ,Y npoTHB IlapTa, O,lI,rOBOpH BpAO OCOpHO ,lI,aAMaTHHCKHM H3aCAaHHUHMa,lI,a HH Ha KOjH Ha'-lHH He ~eAH 3a npHjaTeLbe HAH caBe3HHKe OHe KOjH ce 6exy TaKO AOIIIe nOHHjeAH npeMa lbeMY, HO ,lI,a 6H HM onpoCTHO Ka,n. 6H My nAaTHAH ,lI,aHaK H ,lI,aAH Taoue. H3aCAaHHUH My CBe TO 06ehaIIIe, Te Ue3ap nOCAa ATHHHja y .llaAMaUHjy C TpH AerHje H C BeAHKHM 6pojeM KOlba, Hape,lI,HBIIIH MY ,lI,a HaMeTHe TaMOIIIlbeM Hapo,lJ,Y HeBeAHK ,lI,aHaK H ,lI,a ce nOTpy,lI,H ,lI,a MY npe,lI,ajy Taoue. .llaAMaTHHUH, MeOYTHM, He H3BpIIIHIIIe HH je,lI,HO 06ehalbe. ATHHHje HM Ha TO CTa,n.e HaHOCHTH IIITeTe ca cBoje TpH AerHje, HO .llaAMaTHHUH ce OKpeHYIIIe npOTHB Ibera H n06e,lI,HIIIe ra, YCMpTHBIIIH npH TOMe KOH3YACKor '-IOBeKa Be6Hja, KOjH je 3anOBe,lI,aO 6HTKOM. ATHHHje C npe:>KHBeAHMa n06e~e y UaBTaT. Ho paT .llaAMaTHHaua y,lI,p~eHHX ca cyce,lI,HMa IleoHHMa npoTHB uapa OKTaBHjaHa H lberoBHX BojcKoBooa fepMaHHKa H TH6epHja, 0,lI, KOjHX oBaj ,lI,pyrH nOCTa,n.e 3aTHM uap, 6ejaIIIe HajoKPYTHHjH 0,lI, CBHX. HaHMe, nHllie BeAej IlaTePKYA y 2. KlbH3H ,lI,a .llaAMaTHHUH, oja'-laBlliH H y,lI,p~BIIIH ce ca CBOjHM cyce,lI,HMa IleoHHMa, YCTallie npoTHB PHMcKor UapCTBa C BHIIIe 0,lI, ocaMCTO XHLba,n.a n06YlbeHHKa, Meoy KojHMa ,lI,BeCTa XHLba,n.a 6HpaHHx 60paua neIIIaKa H ,lI,eBeT XHLha,n.a KOlbaHHKa. CBH OHH 6exy no,lI, BOOCTBOM BaTOHa H IlHHeja, M~eBa Cp'-laHHX H HCKYCHHX paTHHKa. 3anOBe,lI,HHUH nO,lI,eAHIIIe cBoje LbY,lI,e Ha TpH BojcKe; je,lI,Ha 6ellie O,lI,peOeHa 3a Hana,n. Ha HTaAHjy, ,lI,pyra y HenpHjaTeLbCKOM noxo,lI.y yoe y MaKe,lI,OHHjy, ,lI,OK 241 Ue3ap Aezycm utwoe JIaJl.MLlmUH~UMa U3aCllaHUKe. JIa.Jl.MamUH~U caceKY ra6uHujeey eojcKY. J6J JIaJl.MLlmUH~U nopaseAmuHujeey eojcKY. AmuHuje no6eZHe y Uaemam. JIaJl.MLlmUH~U u IIeoHu c OCQ.MCmo xtI.lbaaa Jbyau ycmaHy npoue Pu.MJbaHa. BamOH U IIuHej 3anOeeaHU,&U eojcKe JIaJl.MLlmuHa­ ~a U IIeOHa.


I I Tpena OCTa.,z:t.e 'iYBaTH ,n:OMOBHHY. PHMIhaHH 6exy Ta.,z:t.a noy6HjaHH, TproBUH nOCe'ieHH, a BeAHK 6poj BeTepaHa y y,n:aIheHHM uapCKHM nOKpajHHaMa norH6e. MaKe,n:OHHja 6H ,llG..1LMamUHIJU sayseTa, a IlIHpOKa npOCTpaHCTBa YHHlIlTeHa OI'lbeM H Maaay3My Max;eaOHCX;O 'ieM. Taj paT HsaSBa TaKBY CTpaBY ,n:a 'iaK H HeYCTpalIlHBH x;pa.Jbeecmeo. JJYX Uesapa ABryCTa, O'ieAH'ieH TOAHKHM paTHHM HCK)'CTBOM, Ta.,z:t.a K1\OHY yTyqeH. PHMIhaHH perpYTOBalIle Ihy,n:e, nOSBalIle y CAy-2K6y BeTepaHe ca CBHX CTpaHa, a MylIlKapUH H :m:eHe 6exy npHCHIheHH ,n:aTH y BojHHKe oCA060.ljeHor pO6a, CBaTKO npeMa npHMIheHOM HaAOry. Ue3ap HsrOBopH Ta.,z:t.a CB~y 6egeAY npe,n: ceHaTOM H pe'ie ,n:a ce HenpHBeceaa Ueaapa . Aezycma npea JaTeIh, He npeAYSMe AH ce CBe H)7:m:H0, Ben sa ,n:eceT ,n:aHa ceHamOM. Mo:m:e nojaBHTH rOTOBO npe,n: caMHM BpaTHMa PHMa. CTOra PHMCKH ceHaTopH H SBaHH'iHHUH 06ename CBaK)' nOMon y TOM pary. Ue3ap nOCAa C BOjCKOM o,n: TpH,n:eceT Aemja THTpuaecem 6epHja (npeMa HSBelIlTajHMa CBeToHHjeBHM y TH6epHjeBoj ./!ezuja 6poju 6Horpaq:mjH H Ca6eAHKOBHM y 9. KFbHSH 6. EHea.,z:t.e). BeAej 198 XlUWOa 60palJa . TaKo.ljep nHlIle y 2. KFbHSH ,n:a y TOM pary npOTHB JlaAMaTHHaua TH6epHje sanOBe,n:alIle Haj6pojHHjHM Ihy,n:CTBOM H 162 CHaraMa HKa.,z:t. OK)'nIheHHM HaKOH rpa.ljaHcKHX paTOBa. HaHMe, OCHM ce,n:aMHaeCT AerHja H ,n:eceT XHIha.,z:t.a BeTepaHa, y npaTlbH MHOro6pojHHX KOlbaH'iKHX je,n:HHHua Tpa'iaHCKOr KpaIha MeTaAKa, 6ejame ry H BeAHKH 6poj nAaneHHKa. Ka.,z:t. ,llG..1LMamUHIJU KOHSYAH A. UeUHHa H CHABaHO IlAaHTHYC nOBe,n:OlIle Ta.,z:t.a cacex;y 5 PUM.- BOjCK)' HS npeKoMopCKHX nOKpajHHa, JlaAMaTHHUH HanacKlJ.X./!ezuja U ,n:OlIle neT PHMCKHX AerHja H ,n:pyre Koje 6ejaxy KpeHYAe Ha ya mojout lbHX, saje):(HO C KOlbHUOM KpaIha MeTaAKa KOjH ce C BeAHMHOZO ./byau. . . 6 KOM BOJCKOM CBOJHX Ihy,n:H elIle npH,n:py-2KHO PHMCKHM 3anOBe,n:HHUHMa, Te HX roTOBO CBe caceKOlIle, lIlTO CHAHO Y3HeMHpH TH6epHja. OH je BO,n:HO Taj paT (KaKO nHlIle Ca6eAHUK y 9. KlbHSH 6. EHea.,z:t.e) ys BpAO BeAHKe TelIlKone, a 6ejame TO (Ka:m:e CBeTOHHje y TH6epHjeBoj 6Horpa¢mjHt HajMyqHHjH o,n: CBHX paToBa y Ty.ljHHH, o,n: KapTarHHCKor na Ha.,z:t.aIhe. CTora PeHHc <f>aHHyc npeBo,n:H JlHoHHcHja ITylbaHHHa, KOjH Ka:m:e: C.lI.ael-iu ce H.lI.upwc npocmupe soecl-ia, nomOM j{aJlMamu Mapcy l-ia1ULOl-bel-i I-iapoo. ITHlIle AnHjaH HS AAeKcaH,n:pHje y CBOM 11AHpHK)' ,n:a Koptiy./!aHu U • M.!benaHu y ee- Uesap ABryCT y noxoAY Ha JlaAMaUHJY n06e,n:H y BeAHKOM '/!ux;oMpamy paTy CTaHoBHHKe OCTpBa MIheTa H KopqyAe, KOjH Ha CBOnopCVKeHu jHM Haopy-2KaHHM 6po,n:HnHMa xapaxy MopeM. HaKOH nooa lJaJ?G 6e,n:e Uesap ,n:a.,z:t.e noy6HjaTH OHe HajMAa.lje, jOlIl roA06pa.,z:t.e, Ox;maeuJaHa. .' Tl H' a OCTaAe ,n:a.,z:t.e Ha npo,n:ajy Ha AHUHTaUHjH. AHOH HS HKeje je no,n:p06HHje o,n: CBHX 06pa,n:HO 36HBalba BesaHa ys Taj paT H3Me.ljy TH6epHja H JlaAMaTHHaua. Me.ljy OBHMa noCAe,n:lbHMa 6exy H JlaopcH H JleCH,n:HjaTH, rOTOBO HecaBAa.,z:t.HBH (KaKO nHlIle BeAej), KaKO 360r CypOBOCTH Kpaja, 242 KOjH HaCTaaaBaxy, TaKO H 360r lbHXOBor oKpYTHor JJYXa H qy,n:eCHor nOSHaBalba paTHe BelIlTHHe. CTora HX PHMIhaHH HHCY HHKa.z:t. ycneAH nOKopHTH, CBe ,n:o BpeMeHa uapa OKTaBHjaHa KOjH ce cBeje):(HO CHAHO HaMyqH npe HO lIlTO HX CaBAa.,z:t.a. HaKOH lbera, O,n:HOCHO HaKOH nponaCTH PHMcKor UapCTBa, JlaAMaTHHUH paToBaxy H C ,n:pyrHM uapCTBHMa H MonHHM ,n:p:m:aBaMa, xpa6po o,n:OAeBajynH CBaKOMe KO 6H HM XTeo HalIlKo,n:HTH HAH AHlIlHTH HX cA060,n:e Koja HM je npHpo,n:HO npHna.,z:t.ajyna. 11s Tor paSAora 6ejaxy y AYroj 60p6H C XeHpHKOM, CHHOM OTOHa CaCKor (KaKO HSBelIlTaBa onaT Eyuxap,n: HS Yepcnepra y ITopeK1\y Caca), KOjH HX Hana,n:alIle C MonHOM BOjCKOM HaHocenH lIlTeTe ,n:aAMaTHHCKHM KpajeBHMa. Ka.,z:t. ce JlaAMaTHHUH n06YHHlIle H y,n:­ py:m:HlIle C ,n:eAOM qexa H Copa6a, npo,n:pelIle CBe ,n:o CacKe, xapajynH y HenpHjaTeIhCKOM noxoAY THpHHrHjoM. JlOK lbHXOBa BOjCKa 6elIle y nOTnyHoM HepeAY, HenpeCTaHo nOCBeneHa HaHolIlelbY lIlTeTa H naIheBHHaMa, Hana.,z:t.He HX rpo<p ITonoH KOjH ce C BOjCKOM HaAaSHO Ha THM rpaHHUaMa. CYK06HBlIlH ce, rpo<p Hsa.lje HS 6HTKe Kao n06e,n:HHK ys CTpalIlaH nOKOIh Ha.,z:t. HenpHjaTeIheM, HapO'iHTO Copa6HMa. fbHXoBa n06YHa pacTY2KH MHoro <ppaHa'iKOr KpaIha KapAa BeAHKOr KOjH ce nOTpy,n:H ,n:a nOHOBHO nOCTHrHe nOMHpelbe C lbHMa, C 06SHPOM Ha TO ,n:a My y npOlIlAOCTH 6exy npy­ :m:HAH ,n:paroueHy nOMon, HapO'iHTO y paTOBHMa ca CAOBeHHMa BHAUHMa KOjH (KaKO CMO nOKaSaAH) 6ejaxy :m:eCTOKH HenpHjaTeIhH <ppaHa'iKOr HMeHa. Ka,n: ce KapAO BeAHKH ynYCTH Y 60j C lbHMa ro,n:HHe 789, He OCAOHH ce TOAHKO (KaKO Ka:m:e KapAO HS BarpHeHa) Ha Cp'iaHOCT CBOjHX <ppaHaKa, Caca H <f>pH:m:aHa, KOAHKO Ha jYHalIlTBO CAOBeHa Copa6a H 060,n:pHTa, y,n:py:m:HBlIlH ce Ta.,z:t.a C lbHXOBHM KHe30M BHTHuaHOM H HacpHyalIlH Ha BHAue, Ha.,z:t. KojHMa o,n:Hece n06eAY (KaKO H3BelIlTaBa IT. ITHTeo y <f>paHa'iKOM AeTonHCY) ys BeAHKe Hanope H HaKOH MHOro oKplIlaja. He 6H AH sa.,z:t.p:m:ao npHjaTeIhCTBo CBOjHX npHCTaAHua CAOBeHa, ,n:apoBa HM (KaKO nHlIly ITHTeo H KOHPa.,z:t. HS Epyreca y <ppaHa'iKOM IheTonHcy) seMIhe C OHe CTpaHe peKe Aa6e Koje HeKa.,z:t.a npHna.,z:t.axy CaCHMa, npeceIheHHM HS THX KpajeBa y <f>PaHUYCK)' sa KasHY s60r n06YHe, ynOSOpHBlIlH npH TOMe BHlIle nYTa KHesa 060,n:pHTa TaM6aBHua HAH, KaKO ra ,n:pyrH SOBY, TapOBua, ,n:a y6YAYne 'iyBa cnOMeH Ha npHjaTeIhCTBO H Ha ,n:06po'iHHCTBa npHMIheHa o,n: <ppaHa'iKOr UapCTBa. Ka.,z:t. THM uapCTBOM 3aBAa.,z:t.alIle XeHpHK I. H OTOH III, JlaAMaUHja ce CHAHO HanaTH 360r HaCTojaaa THX uapeBa ,n:a je nOKope, HaKO HM HHKa.,z:t. He ycne HarHaTH Hen06e,n:HBe JlaAMaTHHue ,n:a K1\OHY JJYXOM. OHH ce HaHMe BpAO 6pso Haopy:m:alIle H xpa6po HM ce OAYnpelIle, KaKO ce 'iHTa y 2. ,n:eAy y OHpOAaMa Eap,n:Hja KOjH YKpaTKo cnoMHlbe paToBe THX uapeBa npOTHB JlaAMaTHHaua. 3a.,z:t.alIle 243 ,llG..1LMamUHIJU ayro pamoea­ xy ca CaCUM.a, c lJapeeUM.a XeHpux;OM I U OmoHoMm. HanaOHY TYPUHZ.Ujy. 163 Kap!lo Be./!uICU mpCVKu nOMUpefbec CJzoeeHUMa. ,llapyjeUM. cacx;e aeM./be. ,llG..1LMamUHlJU pamyjyc lJapeeUM.a XeHpUx;OMlu OmoHOMm.


I OHH MHOrO Myxe H MAeTaqKoj Peny6AHll.H, TIpe HO mTO MAell.HMa YCTIe CBAa,lI;aTH HX, 0 qeMY H3Mel)y OCTaAHX CBe­ ,n;OqH H MAeTaqKH IIAeMHh naOAO napYTa. rOBopehH Y 2. KlbH3H CBOjHx Bece,n;a 0 TemKohaMa MAeTaqKe PeTIy6AHKe y TIOKOpaBalbY ,llaAMaTHHall.a, napYTa OBaKO TIHme: Balba Y3eTH Y 063HP, KruKe OH, cBojCTBa cyce,n;HHX Hapo,n;a Ha qHja je TIo,n;pyqja Tpe6aAo TIpOmHpHTH rpaHHll.e, KaKO 6H ce CXBaTHAa Te:JKHHa cyxo6a y KojHMa ce 6ejame 3areKAa Peny6AHKa, 6y.nyhH ,n;a o,n; CaMora TIOqeTKa 6ejame HYJKHO Ha,njaqaTH ,llaAMaTHHll.e, Hapo,n; He caMO BHqaH OPYJKjy, Beh yje,n;HO H OKpYTHe HapaBH. C KaKBHM ce H C KOAHKHM TemKOhaMa cyoqHAa He 6H AH HX TIOKOpHAa, MO)Ke ce jacHo 1643aKlbyqHTH TIO TOMe mTO pHMCKa peTIy6AHKa, TIpeM,n;a 6eme CaBAa,n;aAa TOAHKe ,n;aAeKe H cypOBe Hapo,n;e, He YCTIe MeI)YTHM HHKa,n;a CTaBHTH ,llaAMall.Hjy TIO,n; CBoj japaM. HaBQJba npUMemumu HMe, ,llaAMall.Hja TIOTTIa,n;e TIO,n; PHMCKY BAaCT caMO 3a BpeeeJlux:y MOn u Me BAa,n;aBHHe ll.apa OKTaBHjaHa ABryCTa, H TO HaKOH mTO xpa6pocm 6ejame HaHeAa 3HaTHe mTere PHMCKOj BOjCll.H. TaKO napy­ ,llWI.M.amUl-talJa Ta TIHme 0 ,llaAMaTHHll.HMa. Taj HapO,n; (KaKO TIpHTIOBe,n;a MapTHH BarHeT y 3. KlbH3H KocMorpaqmje) jom H TIpe pa3­ ,n;o6lba PHMCKora UapcTBa KpeHY y BOjHH TIOXO,n; TIpe,n;Bol)eH llaYHoM, Mel)y lbHMa BpAO rAaCOBHTHM MYJKeM KOjH 360r ,llWI.M.a~HlJU YHYTpamH>HX cyxo6a 6ejame HaTIYCTHO ,n;OMOBHHY, Te OCBOK=~le . jHme JaTIHrHjy, TO jecT ,n;aHamlbY KaAa6pHjy, Ha3BaBmH je '/JUlY TIO CBOM BOI)H ,llaYHHjoM, KaKO TIHmy AHKOcPPOHOB TYMaq HCaK [Uell.ec] H A6paxaM OpreA y Thesaurus Geographicus. HeKa ce HHKO He qy,n;H CAaBHHM TIo.nyxsaTHMa H TIo6e,n;aMa ,llaAMaTHHall.a 0 KojHMa OB,n;e TIpHTIOBe,n;aMO, jep CBe mTO CMO OB,n;e peKAR HHje roTOBO HHmTa. Balba, HaHMe, 3HaTH ,n;a Taj Hapo,n; BAa,n;ame y TIpOmAOCTH MHOro mHpHM TIpOCTpaHCTBHMa H KY,n;HKaMO 6pojHHjHM rpa,n;OBHMa o,n; OHHX KOjH cy ,n;aHac y H>erOBOM TIoce.ny, Kao mTO ce< MO)Ke BH,n;eTH KO,n; CTpa60Ha KOjH y ce,n;Moj KlbH3H 0 ,llaAMaTHHll.HMa OBaKO rBopH: Ty je H MOpHapHll.a (KruKe OH) llaAMaTHHall.a, a Aal)e cy H>HXOBe CMemTeHe y Ayu.H CaAO­ ,llyzo pamyjy c Ha. Taj je Hapo,n; je,n;aH .o,n; OHHX mTO .nyro paTOBaxy C PHMPu.M./t,aHUMa. lbaHHMa, a lberoBHX 6eJame BHme o,n; TIe,n;eceT MeCTa Bpe,n;­ tKod OpmeJla HHX CTIOMeHa, Mel)y KojHMa H rpa,n;OBH TIOTIYT CaAOHe, 'l.umaMO npHaMOHe, HHHHa H t CHHOTPO, KaKO ,n;peBHH, TaKO H HOSinotio. BH rpa,n; Tora HMeHa. HaBe,n;eHe rpa,n;oBe CTIaAH Ue3ap ABAliaempuj ryCT. BHjaxy TY H TBpl)aBa AH,n;eTpHj H BeAHKH rpa,n; ,lleAnpeMa ,llUOHY MHHHj TIO KOMe je Hapo,n; H ,n;06HO HMe. Ho 360r lby,n;cKe 6ejawe Ha mKpToCTH HaCHKa yqHHH o,n; lbera MaAH rpa,n;, a lbHBe TIOMecmy CTame namlball.H 3a OBll.e. ,llaAMaTHHll.HMa HMajy 06Hqaj aaHaW~eZ ,n;a CBaKe OCMe ro,n;HHe no,n;eAe 3eMlbY, Kao H ,n;a HeMajy Ha CBOM no,n;pyqjy HOBqany pa3MeHY C HTaAHjaHHMa. nAHHHje y 21. TIOrAaBlbY 3. KlbHre TIHme ,n;a rpa,n; CKpa,n;HH 6eme yTIpaBHO cpe,n;HmTe JaTIo,n;a, Kao H qeTpHaeCT AH6YPHHjCKHX K.J1Uca. 244 AH6ypHCKHX rpa,n;oBa, a y 22. TIOrAaBlbY KruKe: Y CaAOHY cy ,n;OAa3HAH TIO CMepHHll.e H3 MHorHX KpajeBa, TIo,n;elbeHH y ,n;eKYPHje; TpHCTa ce,n;aM,n;eceT H ,n;se ,n;aAMaTHHCKe ,n;eKYPHje, ,n;sa,n;eceT H ,n;Be ,n;eKYPHje, ,n;BeCTa TpH,n;eceT H ,n;eBeT ,llHTHOHa, ce,n;aM,n;eceT H ,n;eBeT Ma3eH H ne,n;eceT H ,n;Be ,n;eKYpHje Cap,n;HaTH. rpa,n; HapOHa (KaKO peKOCMO CAe,n;ehH y TOMe MapKa BapOHa) 6ejame ynpaBHo cpe,n;HmTe ,n;pyrHx 89 rpa,n;oBa. Bejaxy TY H MHora oCTpBa, 6y.nyhH ,n;a HX, KruKe nAHHHje y 26. TIOrAaBlbY 3. KlbHre, y Ja,n;paHcKoM MOPY HMa BHme o,n; XHlha,n;y. Ko TO Y3Me y 063HP, Kao H MHOro Tora ,n;pyrora mTO 0 ,llaAMall.HjH nHmy ,n;peBHH ayTOPH, Hehe MohH ,n;pyro, Hero OTBopeHO npH3HaTH ,n;a OHO mTO CMO MaAO npe HcnpHnOBe,n;aAH 0 IIAeMeHHTOM ,n;aAMaTHHCKOM Hapo.ny HHje rOTOBO HHmTa y TIOpel)elbY C HeKa­ ,n;amlbHM lberoBHM CHaraMa. ,llap,n;aHe, Hapo,n; TaKol)e HaCTalbeH y HAHPHKY, CTaPHjH nHCll.H CAaBe Kao Hapo,n; BnqaH OpYJKjy. OHH, HaHMe, qeCTO o,n;6Hme PHMCKY BOjCKY. no,n; 3HaMelbeM TIPOKOH3YAa H TIOrAaBapa je,n;He o,n; KYpHja K. CKPH6oHHja, PHMlbaHH (KaKO TIHme naBAe Opo3Hje y 5. KH>H3H) 6ejaxy y HeTIpeKH,n;HOM cyxo6y C ,llap,n;aHHMa TOKOM TIYHe TpH ro,n;HHe. HcTH TH ,llap,n;aHH HaHecome BeAHKe mTeTe MaKe,n;OHCKOM KpalbY. HaMMe, paToBaxy qeCTO y OKPYTHHM oKpmajHMa (npeMa TIHCalbY JYCTHHOBOM y 7, 25, 28. H 29. KlbH3H) C <PHAHTIOM H C lberOBHM CHHOM AAeKCaH,n;poM BeAHKHM, Te C nHpOBHM CHHOM AAeKcaH,n;poM H C MaKe,n;OHCKHM KpalbeM ,lleMeTpHjeM, Kora Ha Kpajy HCTjepame H3 lberoBor KpalbeBCTBa. Ka,n; TIpo,n;peme y MaKe,n;OHCKO KpalbeBCTBO 3a BpeMe BAa,n;aBHHe Kpalba AHTHroHa, OIIlbaqKame ra H 3aMeTHYme 60j C lbHM. npe6HBaAHmTa lbHXOBa (KaKO MHCAH Aau) 6ejaxy y 3eMlbH ,n;aHac 3BaHoj BOCHa. npeMa PacPaeAY BOAarepaHY H KYCTIHHHaHYCY HaCTalbaBaxy KpajeBe KOjH cy ,n;aHac y TIoce.ny Cp6a H PamaHa. 06Hqaj HM 6ejame (KaKO TIHme HHKOAa CTo6ej) He TIpaTH ce, Hero CBera TpHTIYT Y )KHBOTY: Ka,n; 6H ce PO,n;HAH, BeHqaAH H YMPAH. BpAO ce pa,n;o 3a6aBlbaxy MY3HKOM (KaKO TIpHTIOBe,n;a CTpa60H y 7. KlbH3H), TIpH qeMY KopHcTHme KaKO .nyBaqKe, TaKO H )KHqaHe HHcTpYMeHTe. Y lbHXOBOj 6AH3HHH )KHBeAH cy Me­ )KaHH HAM, KaKO HX ,n;pyrH 30By, MH)KaHH. KOAHKO Taj Hapo,n; 6ejame oKpYTaH, xpa6ap H TIOHOCHT (KruKe Ayu.Hje <PAOP y 12. TIOrAaBlbY 4. KlbHre), CTpamHo je H H3roBopHTH. Ka,n; PHMCKH KOH3YA MapKo Kpac 6eme Beh CTIpeMaH 3aMeTHYTH 60j C lbHMa, je,n;aH 3aTIOBe,n;HHK Me)KaHa H3al)e H3 pe,n;oBa cBoje BojcKe H ,n;03BaBmH OHe H3 pHMcKe BojcKe ynHTa HX KO cy, TIa Ka,n; My o,n;rOBopHme ,n;a cy TO PHMlbaHH, rOCTIo,n;apH CBHX Hpo,n;a, Me)KaHH Ha TO Y3BHKHYme: BHhe TaKO aKO BH TI06e,n;HTe. nOCTojaAa cy ,n;sa orpaHKa 245 JaapaHCX:O MopeUMa XUJbaay ocmpea. 165 ,llapaaliu U3 HJtupux:a 'l.ecmo oa6ujy pUMCX:Y 80jcx:y.. Bopece c ct>u.l!unoM u AJteX:OOHaPOM BeJlUX:UM. Hcmepajy U3 X:PQJbe8Cm8a ,lleMempuja, Max:eaOIiCKOZ 1CpaJba. 3a6a8.1bajy ce MY3UX:OM.. MeJKaliu U3 HJtupuKa 8pJtO xpa6pu.


~ orpaHKa MeJKaHa y I1AHpHKY, O.n:HOCHO ropIbH H .n:OIbH. ITpe6uea.nuw.m rOpIba Me3Hja, IIpeMa JoxaHY l\.eYHKAaJmycy H I\.any, jeCTe 166 e Me7ICaHa. Cp6Hja, .n:OK KYCIIHHHaHYC KaiKe .n:a je BOCHa. XaAKOKOH.n:HA, I\.au H KYCIIHHHaHYC CBe.n:O"le ,l(a je ,l(OIba Me3Hja 3aIIpaBO ByrapcKa, yrrPKOC TOMe IllTO IleTaH"lHn TBp.n:H .n:a Mana O,l(roBapa IIO.n:pyqjy .n:aHac 3BaHOM 3aropje. Jop.n:aHec AAaH CK.Umuja. Ha3HBa o6e Me3Hje MMOM CKHTHjOM Koja, IIpeMa HeKHM Tpu6a.nu U3 HAUpUKa3a­ oajy een.wre HeElaJbe MaICeOOHCICO.M ICpa1by 4>wtuny. CnapmaHCK.U ICpQJ1:> ITayTBp.ll:IbaMa, 06YXBaTa H 3eMlbY Beca H TpH6Ma. O.n: Beca IIOTHqy BocaHUH, Kao IIITO neMo OIIIIIHpHHje H3AO)KlfTH y .n:eAY IIocBeneHOM BOCHH. TPH6aAH naK, BHIlle O,l( HKojera .n:pyror Hapo.n:a, 3a.n:aIIIe Y opYJKaHHM noxo.n:HMa BeAHKe HeBOlbe MaKe.n:OHcKOM KpalbY <t>HAHrry. HaKOH IIITO OH 6ejaIlle O.ll:Heo no6e.n:y Ha.n: TOAHKHM HapO.ll:HMa, nOKopHo CKOPO ueAY rp"lKY H nopa3HO "lHTaBe BojcKe, caMO My ce OHH (Kao IIITO nHIlle IlaBAe Opo3Hje y 12. H 13. IIorAaBlbY Tpene KIbHre) o.n:yIIpeIlle TaKO Cp"laHO .n:a ra, Ha.n:a"laBIIIH y 6ojy, AHIIIHIlle y IIOTIIYHOCTH paTHora IIAeHa OTeTOr O,l( pa3HHx Hapo.n:a. <t>HAHII, HaHMe, 6ejaIIIe KpeHYo y oCBajaIbe BH3aHTa, H3rpaoeHor o.n: cIIapTaHcKor Kpalba IlaycaHHje H npocaHuja uszpaOu IIIHpeHor o.n: xpHIllnaHcKor uapa KOHCTaHTHHa IIO KOMe Busa1-!m. .n:06H HMe KOHCTaHTHHonolb; HO YCIIPKOC CBHM HanopHMa, He YCIIe My 3aY3eTH rpa.n:. CKyIIHBIIIH 3aTO BeAHKY <pAOTy YCMepH ce Ha IIlba"lKY xapajynH MopeM, r.n:e 3apo6H CTO ce­ .n:aM.n:eceT AaOa IIpeIIYHHX pa3HOBpCHor TepeTa. OTHIllaBIIIH 3aTHM y XepCOHec [KpHM], 3aY3e MHore rpa.n:oBe H OCBOjH 60raT IIAHjeH. KpeHY 3aTHM y noxo,l( npOTHB CKHTa, n06e,l(H IbHXOBor Kpalba ETey, 3apo6H .n:Ba.n:eceT XHlba.n:a :m:eHa H .n:eue CKHTCKe Hapo.n:HOCTH H OTe HM BeAHKH 6poj )KIfBOTHIba, Meoy KojHMa H OKO .n:sa.n:eceT XHlba.n:a HajpacHHjHX KOIba. Ha nOBpaTKY y MaKe,l(OHHjy c THM H .n:pyrHM IIAeHOM, Hana.n:OIlle ra TPH6aAH. 3aMeTHYIlle 60j y KOMe <t>HAHII 6H paIbeH y 6e,l(po TaKO .n:a Ma"l, 3apHBIIIH ce y <t>H': AHIIOBOj H03H, CMeCTa CMPTHO paHH KOIba no.n: IbHM. Ka.n: TO BH.n:eIlle KpalbeBH lby.n:H, BepyjynH .n:a je H OH caM MPTaB, .n:a.n:OIlle ce y 6eKCTBO, a TPH6aAH npHcBojHIlle caB lLHXOB IIAeH. <t>HAHn ce HaKOH TOra BHIlle HHKa.n:a He o.n:Ba­ )KIf 3apaTHTH C IbHMa. Ho IberOB CHH AAeKCaH.ll:ap BeAHKH, :m:eAenH ce HaKOH O"leBe CMPTH OCBeTHTH TpH6aAHMa 3a ry IIlba"lKY, CyO"lH ce ca Cp"laHHM IbHXOBHM OTIIOpOM. YCAe,l(H Te:m:aK H MY"laH paT Meoy IbHMa (KaO IllTO ce BH.n:H y l\.eTonHcHoj MaTHUH MeOY 36HBaIbHMa H3 neTor pa3.n:06lba o.n: IIOCTaHKa cBHjeTa) KOjH ce npeMa XepMaHHY KOHTpaKrycy CMeillTa y 3624. ro.n:HHY o.n: nOCTaHKa CBeTa. He Tpe6a ce CTora qy.n:HTH pe"lHMa Ue3apa ABryCTa KOjH, n03HaBajyhH HAHpcKY xpa6poCT HCKa3aHY KaKO y paToBHMa npoTHB AAeKCaH.ll:pa, TaKO H y OHHMa IIpOTHB PHMlbaHa, pe"le 3a IbHX ,l(a cy HajpaTo6opHHjH o.n: CBHX Hapo.n:a, KaKO CBe,l(O"lH AIIHjaH H3 AAeKcaH.n:pHje. I1CTH aYTop Y CBOM 246 I1AHpHKY IIpHIIoBe.n:a KaKO Ue3ap ABryCT, IIOCTaBIIIH rocIIo.n:ap l1.eAora CBeTa, je.n:Hora .n:aHa, KopenH IIpe.n: CeHaToM cAa6y Bpe.n:HocT MapKa AHToHHja, IIO.n:H"lH ce HaIIpoTHB CBOjOM IIo6e.n:oM Ha.n: I1AHpHMa, Hapo.n:oM paTo6opHHjHM o.n: CBHX .n:pyrHx H KOjH "leCTO 6ejaIlle 3a.n:ao MyKe PHMlbaHHMa. Ka.n:a, .n:aKAe, AAeKcaH.n:ap BeAHKH YSH.n:e .n:a He Mo:m:e Ha.n:­ ja"laTH TpH6Me, KOjH ce 6ejaxy IIOBYKAH Ha .n:yHaBCKO OCTpBO IleBK, H Ka.n: IIpHMH .n:apOBe IbHXOBor Kpalba CHPMHja, CKAOnH MHp C IbHMa. TPH6aAH (Kao IIITO IIHIlle CTPa60H) HaCTalLaBaxy TpaKHjy, Te o.n: 3aBH"laja ArpHjaHal1.a, CMeIIITeHHX H3MeOY IIAaHHHa Po.n:OIIa H XeMOC, .n:OCTH3aIlle IbHXOBe 3eMlbe CBe .n:o ,lIyHaBa, IIITO H3HOCH y.n:albeHOCT o.n: neTHaeCT .n:aHa rryTa. Y IIO"leTKY ce HarraTHIlle pa3.n:HpaHH YHYTpaIllIbHM cYKo6HMa, a 3aTHM npeTpneIlle IIopa3 o.n: MaKe.n:OHal1.a H o.n: PHMlbaHa. IlpHIIoBe.n:a 113HroH, nOBO­ .n:enH ce 3a IlAHHHjeBHM CBje.n:O"leIbHMa y ,l(pyroM IIOrAaBlbY ce.n:Me KIbHre, .n:a Meoy TpH6aAHMa 6ejaIlle lby.n:H KOjH Ben H caMHM IIorAe.n:OM 6au.axy "lHHH H y6Hjaxy OHe Ha KojHMa 6H 3aYCTaBHAH norAe.n:, HapO"lHTO norAe,l( rryH cpJ.I6e, a .n:eua MHOro AaKIlle IIOMeraxy TOj norH6elbH. MHOro .n:pyrHx CTBapH CAH"lHHX TOMe (Ka:m:y HeKH aYTopH) 6ejaIlle KO.n: TpH6Ma. HaKOH IIITO CKAOIIH MHp C lLHMa, HCKYCHBIIIH cHary H paTHY BeIIITHHY I1AHpa, AAeKcaH,l(ap ce XTe.n:e IIOCAYJKHTH Y CBHM CBOjHM IIoxo.n:HMa 6aIll IbHMa, a HapO"lHTO IleoHHMa H ArpHjaHUHMa. YIIpaBO OHH IIO.n: 3anOBe.n:HHIllTBOM CBora Kpalba I\.arapa Ka3HHIlle .n:PCKOCT AYTapHjaTa, KOjH ce 6ejaxy YCY.ll:HAH OMeTaTH AAeKCaH.n:pa y IberoBHM IIAaHOBHMa. 3axBMHBIIIH I\.arapy KaKO npHAH"lH, AAeKCaH­ .n:ap ra Harpa.n:H Bpe.n:HHM ,l(apOBHMa H o6ena My ,l(aTH CBOjy ceCTpy UHHY 3a :m:eHY, IIO IIOBpaTKY y IleAAY. l\.arapoBa CMPT, MeOYTHM, IIpeKHHy cBa.n:6eHe npHnpeMe H sa.n:a BeAHKY 60A AAeKcaH.n:py, KOjH ce TOKOM "lHTaBOr CBora :m:HBOTa yseK IIOKa3a BpAO IIpHBp:m:eH ArpHjaHII.HMa. fbHXOBa KOIbHl1.a (KaiKe I\.au y 2. KIbH3H 0 ceo6aMa HapO,l(a) IIpOCAaBlbeHa je y HCTOPHjCKHM .n:eAHMa, a AAeKCaH.ll:ap ce IIOCAYJKH IbOMe y CBHM CBOjHM paTOBHMa Kao rAaBHOM IIO­ ,l(PIIIKOM MaKe,l(OHcKoj <pMaHrH, :m:eAenH je (IIpeMa CBe­ .n:O"leIbY ApHjaHa HHKoMe.n:HjcKor y 1. KlLH3H) yseK y3 ce6e H Bo.n:enH Ha AeBOM KpHAY paTHHKe HaopYJKaHe IIITHTOBHMa, Te Hajxpa6pHje ArpHjaHl1.e. YnpaBo OHH 6exy rAaBHH Y3POK IIopa3a H IIorH6Hje IIepcHjcKor KPalba .ll.apHja, Kao H IIpOCAaBlbeHe AAeKCaH.n:poBe IIo6e.n:e Ha.n: IlepcHjaHl1.HMa. KBHHT KypUHje, onHcyjynH AAeKcaH,l(pOB oKpIllaj C .ll.apHjeM, TeIIIKone H onaCHOCTH C KojHMa ce Ta.n:a CyO"lH, y 4. KIbH3H OBaKO IIHIlle: BeAHKH 6poj MaKe.n:oHau.a (KaiKe OH) Haoe CMpT Ben y npBOM HMery. HajBenH .n:eo IbHX IIo6e:m:e AAeKcaH.n:py. IlepcHjaHl1.H Ha TO no.n:HroIlle CTpaIIIHy BHKY, KaKO 06H"lHO pa.n:e IIo6e.n:HHl1.H, Te ce :m:eCTOKO IIpo6HIlle 247 167 HAUpU Hajpamo6opHUjU HapoiJ. ITpe6uea.nuw. me Tpu6a.na. Meby Tpu6a.nUMa 6ew.e .Jbyou K:Oju 6ayaxy ttUHU CaMU.M n02JleOoM. HAUpU ce 60pe y CJ!yJK:6u AneICcaHopa Ben.UK:02.


- 168 H3MeUY nOT)"'IeHHX HenpHjaTelba. CaM AAeKCaH,nap CTMe KOpHTH H xpa6pHTH cBoje npeCTpallleHe Iby,ne H no,nCTHIJ;aTH Ha 60j KOjH Beh rOTOBO 6ellle 3aMpo, Te OCOKOiI.HBlllH HM cpIJ;a HaTepa HX nOHOBHO Ha HenpHjaTelba. ilepcHjcKH pe­ ,n:OBH 6exy npopeueHH C ,n:eCHe CTpaHe, jep EaKTpHjIJ;H 6ejaxy OTHlllAH no 60jHa KOAa, HanYCTHBlllH nOAO:lKaje ynpaBo c Te CTpaHe. AAeKcaH,nap CTora HaBaiI.H Ha nepcHjcKe npolllHpeHe pe,n:OBe H npo,n:pe Meuy lbHX noy6HjaBlllH BeiI.HKH 6poj HenpHjaTelba. MeUyTHM OHH H3 nepcHjcKor AeBor KpHAa, Y Ha,n:H ,n:a he ra OnKOiI.HTH ca CBHX CTpaHa, cynpOTCTaBHllle My ce y 60p6H npHlllaBlllH MY o,n n03MH. OKPY­ :lKeH ,naKAe ca CBHX CTpaHa, AAeKCaH,n:ap 6H ce Halllao y BeiI.HKoj onaCHOCTH ,n:a ce ArpHjaHIJ;H He 6ejaxy nOKpeHYiI.H H ,na C KOlbHIJ;OM Y TPKY HHCY HacpHyiI.H Ha ilepcHjaHIJ;e KOjH ra 6ejaxy OKPY:lKHAH, npHCHAHBlllH HX ,n:a ce OKpeHY H 3aMeTHY C lbHMa 60j. Je,nHHHIJ;e C 06e CTpaHe 6exy OMeTeHe. AAeKcaH,n:ap je HMao npOTHBHHKa H cnpe,n:a H o,n no3MH. OHe KOjH CTajaxy TaqHO Hcnpe,n lbera npHTHCHYllle H nOT,YKOllle ArpHjaHIJ;H. To je OHO lllTO npHnOBe,n:a KaHHT KypIJ;Hje. AnHjaH H3 AAeKcaH,n:pHje y CBOM Hil.HpHKY Ha3HBa, Te ArpHjaHIJ;e CAaBHHM Hil.HpCKHM HapO,n:HMa, a THT AHBHje y 4. KlbH3H V. LLeKMe Ka:lKe ,n:a 6ejaxy xpa6pH paTHHIJ;H. LLaKAe, 3axBalbyjyhH lbHxOBOj CpqaHOCTH H jYHalll3e.M.lbe noO TBY, AAeKCaH,n:ap 3arocno,n:apH JOHHjOM, MopejoM [ileAo­ eaJ!awhy AnelCcaHopa nOHe30Mj, 06eMa <l>pHrHjaMa, KanMoKHjoM, ilacaroHHjoM, BeJ1UlCOZ Ali,nHjOM, KapHjoM, AHKHjOM, ilaHC:PHAHjOM H <l>eHHKHjoM; sGXea./byjy1iu nOKopH ErHnaT C rpqKOM AH6HjOM, ,n:eo Apa6Hje, UeAocHjYHawmey HHjy, MeCOnOTaMHjy, BaAaHHjy, CY3Y, ilepcHjy, Me,nHjy, HllUpa. Kao H ilapTe, YKlbyqyjyhH H CBe KpajeBe 06YXBaheHe nepCHjCKHM H Me,n:HjcKHM IJ;apCTBOM, a C OHe CTpaHe KacnHjCKHX BpaTa TaKoue H KaBKa30M H peKOM TaHaHcoM. ilpolllHpH cBoje IJ;apCTBO Ha 3eMIbe EaKTpHjaIJ;a H XHpKaHa, a: CKHTe OTepa y lbHXOBe lllYMe. KOHaqHO npOlllHpH CBOjy BAaCT HM CAaBHHM peKaMa HH,nOM, XH,n:acne, XaKeCHHOM H XH,n:paOTOM. HHje 3aTO HHKaKBO qy,no lllTO AAeKcaH,nap TOM TaKO CHa:lKHOM Hil.HPCKOM Hapo.n:y ,no,neiI.H nOBAaCTHIJ;y qHjH je 3anHC npOHaueH HaKOH MHorHX BeKOBa y je,nHoj KOHCTaHTHHonoIbcKoj 6H6i1.HOTeIJ;H, a ca,np:lKaj je cAe,n:ehH: floan.acmu1;Ia MH, AAeKcaH,n:ap <l>Hil.HnOB, Kpalb MaKe,n:OHHje, KHe3 MOOOOeJbeHa HapxHje, 3aqeTHHK rpqKOra UapCTBa, CHH BeAHKora 3eBca H.nupu.Ma 00 cmpaHe o,n: HaTa6aHa HajaBlbeH, rocno,n:ap ABryCTa, EparMaHa H AnelCcaHopa Apana, o,n HCTOKa ,no 3anMa, o,n jyra ,no ceBepa, ITAeMeBeJ1UlCOZ. HHTOM po.n:y CAOBeHCKOM H je3HKY lberoBoM XBaAa, MHp H cpeha. HaMa H HaCAe,nHHIl,HMa HalllHMa KOjH he Hac y BAMaBHHH CBeTOM HaCAe,nHTH y cnOMeH, jep 6HiI.H CTe HaM o,n:aHH, Ha OPY:lKjy CpqaHH, BOjCKOBOUe HalllH H CHa:lKHH 169 paTHHIJ;H, TpajHo BaM ,n:apyjeMo H CA060,n:HO ,no,nelbyjeMo 3eMlbe Koje ce npocTHpy o,n: ceBepa CBe ,no KpajlbHx jY:lKHHX 248 rpaHHIJ;a HTail.Hje, ,na ce HHKO He ycy,n:H TaMO HaCTaHHTH HAH 3Mp:lKaTH OCHM BalllHX IbY,n:H. 3aTeKBY AH ce TaMO qHja npe6HBaAHlllTa, HeKa BaM OH p06 6y,n:e, a ,neu;a lberoBa p060BH Ballloj ,n:eIJ;H. LLapOBHHIJ;a CaqHlbeHa y HOBOM rpa.n:y AAeKcaH,n:pHjH, KOjH YTeMeIbHCMO Ha BeiI.HKoj peIJ;H HHAY, ro,n:HHe ,n:BaHaeCTe KpalbeBalba Halllera, C 60roM BeiI.HKHM 3eBcoM, Te C MapcoM, ilAYTOHOM H 60rHlbOM MHHepBoM HaMa Ha noMoh; y npHcycTBy CBe,nOKa ITAeMeHHTor ATAeTa pH3HHqapa Halllera H ,n:pyrHx je,n:aHaeCT KHe2KeBa Koje CMO, 6y.n:yhH ,n:a HaM je cYUeHo 6e3 nOTOMaKa yMpeTH, o,n:pe,n:HiI.H 3a HaCAe,nHHKe cBoje H IJ;eAOra CBeTa. Taj 3anHC 0 nOBAaCTHIl,H, KaKO peKOCMO, HaKOH MHOro BeKOBa npOHaue HeKH JYAHje EaATa3ap, IJ;apCKH ceKpeTap. HHTKO, ,n:aKAe, HeKa He yBpe,n:H CAOBeHCKO HMe Koje ce OB­ ,n:e qyje, THM BHllle lllTO AnHjaH H3 AAeKcaH,n:pHje, Kao lllTO CMO Beh peK1l.H, Ha3HBa ArpHjaHIJ;e 3HaMeHHTHMa H npeCAaBHHMa, lllTO KO,n HAHpa 3aHCTa H 03HaqaBa CAOBeHe HiI.H CAaBOHIJ;e. MHXO COiI.HlbaHHH, KOjH :lKHBlballle OKO AeTa rOcno.ll:lbera 1010. H OCTaBH 3anHce 0 HAHpHMa, Ha Kpajy CBora ,n:eAa cnOMHlbe HAHpCKO BojeBalbe y CAY:lK6H AAeKcaH,n:pa BeAHKor H Ka:lKe ,n:a HM OH 3601' TOra o,n:a Beil.HKe nOqaCTH. ArpHjy, rpM CMelllTeH y LLaKHjH, H3rpa­ ,n:Hllle (KaKO TBp,n:H EOHC:PHHH Y 1. KlbH3H 1. LLeKMe) HCTH TH ArpHjaHIJ;H, HaCTalbeHH (npeMa CTec:paHY BH3aHTHHIJ;y) H3Meuy nAaHHHa XeMOc H Po,n:ona y 6i1.H3HHH MaKe,n:oHHje. H OBa nOCAe,nlba 3eMlba 6ejame HCTO TaKO o.n:yBeK HaCTalbeHa CAOBeHHMa H THpOBHM nOTOMIJ;HMa, npeM,n:a npeMa HeKHM MHllllbelbHMa MaKe,n:oHIJ;e Balba YBPCTHTH MeUY rpKe. ilpOTHB TaKBHX TBp,n:lbH HaBo,n:HM OHO lllTO KaHHT KypIJ;Hje nHllle 0 AAeKcaH,n:py BeiI.HKOM, KOjH BHllle Hero jacHo pa3AHKYje je3HK MaKe,n:OHaIJ;a o,n: roBopa rpKa, lllTO jacHo nOKa3yje KaKO MaKe,n:OHCKH rOBOp He 6ejallle y nOTnYHOCTH pa3YMlbHB qHTaBoj AAeKCaH,n:pOBoj BOjCIJ;H, ,n:o6pHM ,n:eAOM caCTaBlbeHoj o,n: rpKa. HaHMe, KM AAeKcaH­ ,n:ap peqe <l>HAOTH, CHHY ilapMeHHOHOBOM, ,n:a HMa o,n:peueBY CTBap H3A02KHTH npe,n MHOlllTBOM, 06paTH MY ce peqHMa: <l>HAOTa, MaKe,n:OHIJ;H Te Mopajy pa3YMeTH, CTora Te MOiI.HM ,na HM ce 06paTHlll Ha CBOM MaTepHlbeM je3HKY. <l>HAOTa He XTe,n:e TaKO yqHHHTH, jep .n:a ra He 6H CBH pa3YMeAH. AAeKcaH,n:ap 3aKIbyqH ,n:a <l>HAOTy 6ejallle Mp3aK lberOB BAaCTHTH MaTeplbH je3HK. ila KM 6H MaKe,n:OHIJ;H, ,n:aKAe, 6HAH rpIl,H, 3alllTO 6H <l>HAoTa O,n:6HO roBOPHTH rpqKH y npHcyCTBy rpKa, HapOqHTO Y3Me AH ce y 063Hp ,n:a, 3axBalbyjyhH rpqKOM roBOPHHlllTBY, He 6H 6HO Morao HahH npHKAMHHjer je3HKa, CaMO ,n:a cy MaKe,n:OHIl,H 6Hi1.H rpIJ;H? HaHMe (KaKO Ka:lKe IlAHHHje y ce,n:Moj KlbH3H, nOrAaBlbY ne,n:eceT H Ce,n:MOM), npehYTHO 0,n:06paBalbe lby,n:H 6ejallle 249 C.naeHU AzpujaH1;Iu. jJ.ofia JlCueoma Muxa COJIU­ HoaHUHa. TpaoAzpujy uszpaauwe AzpujaHlJ,u. MalCeOOHC'ICU jesulC 6ejawe pas.nUlium 00 ZptilCOZ. 170


'".....:' npBO Koje AOnpHHeCe Aa ce nOCA)7)KH jOHCKOM 6eCeAOM. MaTeplbH je3HK MaKeAOHaL(a, AaKAe, noroTOBY lIITO lle pa3AH"IHT OA 3ajeAHH'lKOr je3HKa, 3a KOjH npeTnOCTaBlbaMO Aa 6ejalle y ynoTpe6H y 'lHTaBOj BOjCL(H AAeKCaHApa JeiJuHCmeo BeAHKOr, jaCaH je 3HaK Aa ce MaKeAOHL(H He y6pajajy Meby jesw(Q iJOKa3je rpKe, jep 06H'laj je (KaKO Ben peKOCMO) Y3HMaTH ApeBHO jeiJuHcmea jeAHHCTBO je3HKa Kao nOY3AaH AOKa3 jeAHHCTBa HaL(Hje. Ha1J,uje. CTora C 063HPOM Aa y OAAH'lHOj HeM6poToBoj rrOAeAH je3HKa HHjeAaH ayTop He TBPAH cynpoTHo H Aa HeMa cnoMeHa MaKeAOHaL(a H lbHXOBa je3HKa, a 6YAYnH Aa CMO naK Ha TeMelbY pa3AHKe H3Meby je3HKa rpKa H MaKeAOHaL(a H3HeAH BHlle Hero AOBOlbHO AOKa3a KaKO MaKe,n:OHL(H HHCY rpL(H, HYJKHO HaM je, rro3HBajynH ce Ha CBeAO'leFbe cf>HAHna H3 BepraMa, npH3HaTH KaKO MaKeAOHL(H OAYBeK 6ejaxy CAOBeHCKor je3HKa, KaO llTO cy TO H caAa. A llTa neTe TeK rrOMHCAHTH a OHOMe ruTO HaAa3HMO KOA TyKHAHAa; o6yXBaTHBllH KpajeBe OA BH3aHTa AO ITYAe, yKlbyqyjynH BeAHKH Aeo TpaKHje H Me3Hje, y3 TO H L(eAH HAHPHK, OH Ta llHpOKa npOCTpaHCTBa Ha3HBa MaKeAoHHjoM, a TO je Kao Aa OTBopeHO Ka>Ke: CMaTpaMAa TpaKHjy, Me3Hjy H HAHPHK He Tpe6a pa3ABajaTH OA MaKeAOHaL(a, jep He CYMFbaM Aa cy Tpa'laHH, Me:>KaHH H HAHPH nOBe3aHH HCTOM Be30M C MaKeAOHL(HMa. CBeAO'lH 0 TOMe H HaCAOB AAeKcaHApa BeAHKOr, KOjH ce CMaTpa KpalbeM MaKeAOHaL(a H rpKa, a jOll BHlle OA Tara pa3AH'lHTOCT 06H'laja H Ha'lHHa :>KHBOTa KOjy HaAa3HMO MaKeAOHaL(a H rpKa H 3axBalbyjynH KOjOj MH HHje haKO nOBepOBaTH KaKO 6H y lbYAH HCTe HaPOAHOCTH MorAe nOCTojaTH TaKBe cynPOTHOCTH y 06H'lajHMa. 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MaKeAOHCKora pOAa 6ejalle Kpalb cf>HAHn, OTaL( AAeKCaHApa BeAHKOr, KOjH (KaKO nHlly I1AyTapx y AAeKCaHAPOBoj 6Horpaq:mjH, JyCTHH y 8. KFbH3H, Ca6eAHKO 250 y 3. KlbH3H 4. EHea,a;e, Te MHorH APyrH} npHCHAH HajnoHocHHje rp'lKe rpa,a;oBe Aa ce nOKope FberoBHM 3aKOHHMa H poncKHM japMoM nOTAa'lH rp'lKY Koja ce CBe AO Tor BpeMeHa 6ejalle OAp:>KaAa y CAo6oAH, Te 3axBalbyjynH CAaBHHM CBOjHM nOJlYXBaTHMa nOCTa paaB CAaBH HajBeAH­ 'laHCTBeHHjHx KpalbeBa. CHH FberOB AAeKcaHAap BeAHKH (KaKO nHlle y npBoj nOCAaHHL(H MaKa6ejL(HMa y npBOM norAaBlbY) npeBaAH oBaj CBeT CBe AO caMHX lberOBHX rpaHHL(a, OAHece IIAeH MHOllTBa HapOAa H 3eMlba npeA lbHM 3aHeMH. HaKOH AAeKCaHApOBa Ao6a, MaKeAOHL(H H FbHXOBH nOTOML(H (npeMa CBeAO'lelbY ,.[(HOAopa CHL(HACKOr y 1. KlbH3H), y3 Apyra OB03eMalbCKa KpalbeBCTBa 3aBAa,a;axy H ErHnTOM, H TO THjeKoM nyHHX 276 rOAHHa. Ho BpaTHMo ce ca,a;a 3anO'leTOj npwIH a HAHpHMa. HaKOH CMpTH AAeKcaHApa BeAHKor, paToBaxy y CA)7)K6H ApyrHX KHe>KeBa, a npBeHcTBeHo y CA)7)K6H PHMlbaHa, KOjH H3 BAaCTHTora HCKYCTBa n03HaBaxy HAHpe Kao Hajcp'laHHje Meby lbYAHMa, na o6e36eAHlle FbHXOBO npHjaTelbcTBo, cA)7)KenH ce FbHXOBHM BOjHHM jeAHHHL(aMa Y HajonacHHjHM nOJlYXBaTHMa H y HajTe>KHM BpeMeHHMa. TaKa AMHjaH MapL(eAHH, nHIuynH y 2. KlbH3H a PHMCKHM paToBHMa, Ka>Ke: JYAHjaH jOll YBeK CTpaxoBalle npeA HCTO'lFba'lKOM CHarOM, HapO'lHTO AO3HaBllH Aa BeAHKa B~cKa npeABobeHa BHCOKOAoCTOjHHKOM MapL(HjaHoM, noxapaBllH TpaKHjy, CaMO llTO He 3aY3e Mebe CyKH. Ho ycnpKoc CBHM THM HeBOlbaMa, CTpax He OBAa,a;a y nOTnyHoCTH FbHMe, Ben HanpOTHB CTa,a;e Ha 'leAO HAHpa, HCKYCHHX H BpAO xpa6pHX paTHHKa. Y BpeMe KaA paTo6opHa repMaHHja 3a,a;aBarue CHAHe MyKe PHMCKOM UapCTBY, Ha FberoBe rpaHHL(e 6exy nOCTaBlbeHe CTpa>Ke caCTaBlbeHe OA ABejy HAHpCKHX AerHja, CBaKa OA no lleCT XHlba,a;a BojHHKa 3BaHHX npanKapHMa, OA TaKBe Ba>KHOCTH Aa 3a,a;yrO (KaKO nHrue BereL(Hje y 17. norAaBlbY 1. 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"WI" cn03HaBIllH TaKolje CHary THX Ihy,ll.H KOjH ce ,ll.06POBOIhHO 60pHille 3a CBor KHe3a. PHMIhaHH CTOra HaCTojaxy ,ll.a HX roTOBO YBeK HMajy y3 ce6e y Ba:>KHHM oKpIllajHMa, Te y Ty JIee ClG.IlMa- CBPXY (KaKO npHnOBe,ll.a JOCHn y 11. KH>H3H 0 jy,ll.ejcKHM mWf.CKe .JI.emje paToBHMa) CTaAHO ,ll.p:lKaxy ,ll.Be AerHje .llaAMaTHHall,a Ha CMewmeHe H.a rpaHHll,aMa repMaHHje y O,ll.6paHY O,ll. Hana,ll.a H>eHOr OKPYTzepMaHCltU.M Hor CTaHOBHHillTBa. Y cYK06y ll,apa KAay,ll.Hja C rOTHMa, zpaHU-YaMa. • 6 . 350 6 ':IHJH pOJ ,ll.OCTH3aIlle XHIha,ll.a opall,a, ,ll.aAMaTHHCKa ce KOH>Hll,a (nHille Tpe6eAHje y 6HorpaqmjH Tora ll,apa) jacHO nOKa3a BPAO xpa6poM H BH':IHOM paTHHM BeIllTHHaMa, IJ.ap Knayouje THM BHIlle IllTO CaM KAay,ll.Hje 6ejaille ,ll.aAMaTHHCKora no­ oejaweJIaJl- 6 MamUHa-y. peKAa. KOAHKO H>HXOBa Cp':laHOCT H H>HXOBa BepHOCT exy Ha ll,eHH y PHMIhaHa, Haj60Ihe CBe,ll.O':lH rp':lKH aYTop 30­ CHM, KOjH Y 5. 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CTora ce HHKOMe He 6H TPe6aAo ':IHHHTH qy,ll.HHM IllTO jOill H ):l.aH-,ll.aHaC TypCKH norAaBap TOAHKO nOIllryje HAHpe ,ll.a ynpaBo Meljy H>HMa 6Hpa Haj60Ihe BeAHKO,ll.OCTojHHKe cBoje BAa,ll.e H 3anOBe,ll.HHKe cBoje BojcKe, a TeAeCHa rap,ll.a My je cacTaBIheHa O,ll. rOTOBO ,ll.Ba,ll.eceT XHIha,ll.a jaHH':Iapa re HapO,ll.HOCTH. ITo MOM MHIllIheH>Y 6Hhe ,ll.OBOIhHO IllTO CMO ,ll.OCa,ll. peKAH Kao ,ll.OKa3 ,ll.a cy MAHPH, a noce6HO .llaAMaTHHll,H O):l.yBeK 6HAll qyBeHH paTHHll,H npo-· Aymopu KOju CAaBIheHa HMeHa. )KeAH AH MO:JK,ll;a HeKO ,ll.03HaTH BHIlle 0 nucaxy 0 ,ll.pyrHM nO,ll.YXBaTHMa H ycnecHMa THX Ihy,ll.H, HeKa ':IHTa ,aG.llMamuH.-Yu AaTHHCKe ayrope THTa MBHja, BeAeja ITarepKYAa, CeKCTa M;;: Clpy?U.M. Py<iJa, CBeToHHja TpaHKBHAa, Tpe6eAHja ITOAHOHa, <PAaBHu~73 ja BonHCKa, ITAHHHja, BjoH,ll.a H Ca6eAHK, a o,ll. rpKa HeKa Y3Me IToAH6Hja, .llHoHa H3 HHKeje, ITAYTapxa, AnHjaHa H3 AAeKCaH,ll.pHje, CTpa6oHa, 30CHMa, reoprHja Ke,ll.peHa, HHKe<iJopa KaAHCTa, 30Hapy H AaOHHKa XaAKOKOH,ll.HAa. CBH OHH YKpaTKo cnOMeHYille .llaAMall,Hjy H ,ll.pyre HAHPCKe noKpajHHe. KOjHM ce je3HKoM TaMO roBOPHAO y ,ll.aBHHHH, nHTaH>e je Koje je H3a3BaAO MHore He,ll.OYMHll,e, a HeKH TBp,ll.e ,ll.a je3HK KOjHM ce ,ll.aHaC roBOPH y .llaAMall,HjH H ,ll.pyrHM HAllpCKHM nOKpajHHaMa He nOTH':Ie H3 ,ll.aBHHX BpeMeHa, Beh ,ll.a cy ra npBH nyT OKO 606. ro,ll.HHe YBeAH y ynoTpe6y CAoBeHH npHAHKOM 3anOCe,ll.aH>a THX KpajeBa, ,ll.OK ce npe Tora rOBOpHAO rp':lKHM HAH AaTHHCKHM je3HKoM. Ja caM, 252 MeljYTHM, cynpoTHora MHIllIheH>a H CMaTpaM ,ll.a je je3HK MAHpHKa 6HO HCTH oHaj KOjHM ce H ,ll.aHaC TaMO rOBopH, HaKO je ,ll.OAaCKOM rOTa H CAOBeHa ,ll.OHeKAe H3MeH>eH. HaHMe, r,ll.e ro,ll. cTapOce,ll.eOll,H HHCy caCBHM H3YMpAH, YBeK ce 3a,ll.p:lKaO npBH H ,ll.peBHH je3HK Tora Kpaja, ynpKoc ,ll.eAHMH':IHHM npOMeHaMa, Kao IllTO ce BH,ll.H y HTaAHjaHCKOM cAyqajy, r,ll.e ,ll.peBHH je3HK AaTHHa jOill YBeK nOCTojH, npeM,ll.a HCKBapeH HenpecTaHHM npOBaAaMa ryljHHall,a pa3HHX HapO,ll.HOCTH y MTaAHjy. BepyjeM ,ll.a ce HCTO TO ,ll.Oro,ll.HAO H C .llaAMaTHHll,HMa H ,ll.pyrHM MAHpHMa, ':IHjH je ,ll.peBHH je3HK HCKBapeH y ,ll.O,ll.HpHMa ca CAOBeHHMa. Ho BjOH,ll.O Ka:>Ke ,ll.a O,ll. ,l{,Ba je3HKa CTBopHille TPehH, HOB je3HK, 6y):l.yhH ,ll.a HeMa ,ll.OKa3a ,ll.a cy ,ll.aAMaTHHCKH HAH HAHpCKH CTapOCe,ll.eOll,H HKa,ll.a y nOTnYHOCTH H3YMPAH 6HAO KPHBHll,OM CAOBeHa HAll ,ll.pyrHX ryljHHall,a KOjH 6H YBeAH je3HK KOjHM ce ,ll.aHaC TaMO rOBopH. OHH KOjH TBp,ll.e ,ll.a ce y HAllpCKHM 3eMIhaMa y ,ll.aBHHHH rOBOpHAO rp':lKH HAll AaTHHCKH, caCBHM rpeIlle, jep ,ll.a je TaKO, He 6H rp':lKH H AaTHHCKH nHCll,H 3BaAH MAHpe BapBapHMa, Kao IllTO MeljYTHM jacHo npOH3HAa3H. MCTHHa je, HapaBHO, ,ll.a y HeKHM npHMopCKHM rpa,ll.OBHMa y .llaAMall,HjH 6ejaxy CMeillTeHa pHMCKa HaceIha y KojHMa 6ejaille y ynoTpe6H AaTHHCKH, HO OHe rOTOBO CBe ,ll.0 je,ll.He HeCTa,ll.OIlle C AHll,a 3eMIhe Ka,ll. CAOBeHH 3anOCe,ll.OIlle Te KpajeBe, IllTO ce (KaKO peKOCMO) 36H AeTa rOcno,ll.H>era 606. JOill je,ll.aH ,ll.OKa3 H,ll.e y npHAor TBp,ll.H>H ,ll.a ce HCTHM je3HKoM roBOPHAO y .llaAMall,HjH H npe nojaBe CAoBeHa, a TO je npeBO,ll. CBeTor nHCMa Koje ll,pKBeHH OTall, CB. JepOHHM caCTaBH 3a .llaAMaTHHll,e, Kao IllTO CBe,ll.O':lH BjOH,ll.O y 7. KIi>H3H 0 CAaBO,ll.O6HTHOM PHMY, r,ll.e OBaKO nHIlle: CB. JepoHHM caCTaBH (Ka­ :lKe OH) HOBO nHCMO, pa3AH':IHTO H O,ll. rp':lKOra H O,ll. AaTHHCKora, Te THM nHCMOM 3anHca 3a .llaAMaTHHll,e CBOj npeBO,ll. CBeTora nHCMa Ha CAOBeHCKH je3HK. He CaMO ,ll.a caCTaBH TO HOBO nHCMO H HaBe,ll.eHH npeBO,ll. Hero Ha HcTOM je3HKY 3anHca TaKolje H KaTOAH':IKO 60rOCAY:lKje nOTBpljeHo O,ll. CTpaHe EyreHa IV. MCTO TO nHille Ca6eAHKO y 9. KH>H3H 7. EHea,ll.e, Te JaHOill TypO':lH y YrapcKoM AeTonHcy, r,ll.e Ka:>Ke ,ll.a 3a BpeMe BAa,ll.aBHHe yrapcKor KpaIha AY,ll.OBHKa MapTeAa, CAoBeHH H3 KAaHll,a AHnHa, Ihy,ll.H TBp,ll.OrAaBH, npHMHille XpHCTOBY Bepy, ,ll.OK HM KaTOAH':IKH CBeIllTeHHll,H ,ll.p:lKaxy MHCY H ,ll.pyre cAY:JK6e BO:lKHje npeMa npeBo.ll.Y CBeTor JepoHHMa, ll,pKBeHOr Oll,a. CaCTaBH OH Taj npeBO,ll. (npeMa XepMaHY KOHTPaKrycy H J oxaHY HaYKAepycy) roTOBO ,ll.Be CTOTHHe rO,ll.HHa npe HO IllTO CAoBeHH 3anoCe,ll.HYille .llaAMall,Hjy. BY.ll.YhH ,ll.aKAe ,ll.a je O':lHTO ,ll.a CB. JepoHHM 6eIlle npeBeo .llaAMaTHHll,HMa CBeTo nHCMO Ha Taj je3HK, He MO:lKe My ce HerHpaTH nOCTojaH>e Ha TOM nO,ll.pyqjy H npe ,ll.OAaCKa CAOBeHa. IToKa3yjy TO H HeKa 253 JIOKa3 Cia C.JI.08eH.CKU oeweoClyeeK jesuK H.JI.UpuKa. Ce. JepoHUM np€eeCie JIG.IlMa­ muH.-YUMa H.a C.JI.08eH.CKU jeSUKCmapu U H08U saeem. 174 HoeonuCMo cmaeuo KOjeje ca­Ce. JepOHUM. Cn08eHu us .i\unHa npUMe XPUW1'laHCKY eepy.


11""" HMeHa MeCTa y I1AHPHK)1, Ha,neH)'Ta Ilpe HO WTO CAOBeHH IlpHCTHrowe y Te KpajeBe, KaO WTO cy Ha IlpHMep fparrwa H KopHTa, Koja HaAa3HMO KO,n; A6Aa6Hja, Kao H BHAa30pa, MeCTO Koje THT AHBHje CIlOMHH:.e y 4. KH:.H3H V. ,lleKa,ne, Ka,na KruKe: CTora IlOCAa OH AHTHroHa, je.n;Hor o,n; CBOjHX IlAeMHha, He 6H AH yrryTHO raAcK)1 BOjCK)1 y BHAa30py, MecTO y 3eMlbH neOHa. CBH cy TH Ha3HBH, HaHMe, CAOBeHCKH; fpaIlwa y CAoBeHa 3Ha'tlH rpa6elK, KopHTa .n;oAa3H o.n; KOPHTO, a BHAa30pa HHje .n;pyro ,n;o 6eAa 30pa. MHXO COAHH:.aHHH OTKi\aH:.a IlpH TOMe CBaK)' CyMH:.y Ka,na y CBOM .n;eAy o I1AHpHK)1 IlHwe: npeM,n;a ,n;peBHH je3HK ,llaAMaUHje H I1AHpHKa 6ejawe yje.n;HO 3aje,n;HH'tIKH fOTHMa H CAOBeHHMa, HIlaK HMaxy TeWKoha IlpH CIlopa3YMeBaH:.Y; HO pa3AHKe H3Mel)y ,llaAMaTHHaua H CAOBeHa He 6ejaxy TaKO BeAHKe IlOrryT OHHX H3Mel)y CAOBeHa H I1AHpa. O.n; OBHX IlOCAe.n;­ H:.HX IlOTeKowe MHorn My:aceBH KOjH 3aIlOBe.n;axy TYI)HHCKHM Hapo.n;HMa H IlOCTawe HajYCIlewHHjH Mel)y uapeBHMa, a KO lKeAH CTehH ,n;eTalbHHja 3HaH:.a 0 TOMe HeKa 'tIHTa .n;eAa JYAHja KaIlHTOAHjcKor, Tpe6eAHja nOAHOHa, <PAaBHja BOIlHCKa, CeKCTa AypeAHja BHKTOpa, EBTpoIlHja, naBAa 1)aKoHa, Kao H OHHX KOjH cy HaM H HaKOH THX ayTopa OCTaBHAH 6Horpaqmje uapeBa, a TO cy BjOH.n;O, nAaTHHa H <ppaH'tIeCKO neTpapKa, KOjH je Ha HTaAHjaHcKoM CaCTaBHO KpaTaK IlperAe.n; lKHBOTa IlaIla H uapeBa. Ty cy jow H IlaIla nHO ,llpyrH, CB. AHTOHHH H neTap 6HCK)1Il EKHAHHO Koje 175 caM, C 063HPOM .n;a ce IlpH CIlOMHH:.aH:.Y uapeBa 6aBe CAOBeHHMa BHwe o,n; CBHX ,n;pyrnx, XTeO CBaKaKO HaBeCTH IlOUapeBu HMeHue. TaKO heMo caCBHM jacHo IlpoHahH.n;a ce Ki\ay.n;Hje Knayauje, IIp06uKap Ilpe3HMeHoM <PAaBHje, Kao H je.n;aH H:.erOB 6paT KBHHTH6ejaxy fuupu. AHje, 3aTHM np06 H Kap, IlpeMa cse,n;O'tleH:.HMa OHe3HMoSHM H UepHAHjaHoBHM (KaKo IlHWy <PAaBHje BOIlHCKO y Ki\ay,n;Hjesoj 6HorpacpHjH), po,n;Hwe y Ilopo.n;HuaMa HAHp..., CKora IlOpeKi\a, HaKO HeKH Ka2KY ,n;a Ki\ay.n;Hje 6ejawe H3 MHAaHa, ,n;OK ,n;pyrH IlaK TBp,n;e H3 Hap60He. npoHahH heMo TaKol)e ,n;a OH H H:.eroBH CHHOBH ue3apH KapHH H HyMepHjaH a TaKol)e, KaKO KruKe neTap EKHAHHO y KaTaAOry Cs. MapueAa, fa6HHHje, ,llHOKi\eUHjaH H CHH My MaKCHUap,iluoKJLe- MHjaH, KaO H YHYK MaKCeHUHje, CHH MaKCHMHjaHoB, 6ejalJujaH 6ejaULe xy ,llaAMaTHHUH, IlpeM.n;a CeKCT AypeAHje, KOjH CIlOMHH:.e ,il=:U~:~. np060BO .n;aAMaTHHCKO IlOpeKi\O, KruKe .n;a MaKCHMHjaH 6elJuje, JOB1.J.jaH, we H3 naHoHHje. Ho 6HAO KaKO 6HAO, 6ejawe AH MaKCHMHoBaojulJa Ba- jaH H3 naaoHHje HAH H3 ,llaAMaUHje, 3Ha ce 3axsalbyjyhH AeHmuHujaHa, AIlHjaay H3 AAeKcaa.n;pHje .n;a I1AHp 6ejawe Ilpe.n;aK naHOBa.JteHc, rpa-. M" M . ujaH u BaAeH- HHJeB, Ila JaTO aKCHMHJaHa 3aJe,n;HO C aKceHUHJeM BalJ mUH 6ejaxy nopeKJLOM IIaHoHlJu. lba y6pojaTH y CAOBeHe. ,lleUHje AyryCT 3aje.n;H0 ca CHHOM AeUHjeM Ue3apOM, JOBHjaH, ,n;BOjHUa BaAeHTHHHjaaa, BaAeHC, fpaUHjaH H BaAeHTHH IlOpeKi\OM 6ejaxy H3 naHOHHje. Y lKHBOTOIlHCY AAeKcaH.n;pa ABrycTa CeKcTO AypeAHje 254 BHKTOP IlpHIlOBe.n;a .n;a faAepHje H wypaK My MaKCHMHH 6ejaxy ,n;a'tlKOra po.n;a; EYTPOIlHjeBa CBe.n;O'tleH:.a rOBope TO HCTO H 3a AypeAHjaHa, OKO 'tIHjer MeCTa pol)eH:.a IloCToje IlpeIlHpKe (KaKO H3BewTaBa <PAaBHje BOIlHCKO), jep je.n;HH TBp.n;e .n;aje pol)eH y CHPMHjYMY, 3eMlbH IlaaoHcKoj, .n;pyrn IlaK .n;a je H3 Me3Hje; IlpeMa nAaTHHH, H AHUHHHjeBH pO­ .n;HTelbH 6ejaxy ,lla'tlaHH, a OBH IlOCAe.n;H:.H cy (KaKO CMO aeh paHHje IlOKa3aAH) He CaMO CAOBeHH, Hero WTaBHwe, KaKO TBp.n;H CTpa60H, IlOAa2KY IlpaBO Ha 3aje.n;HH'tIKH je3HK C CTaHOBHHWTBOM Me3Hje. JYAHje KaIlHTOAHjCKH IloKa3yje KaKO TaKol)e H .naojHua MaKCHMHHa Bo.n;e IlOpeKi\O H3 TpaKHje. na 'tIaK HH OHOM Y3BHweHOM H IlAeMeHHTOM KOHCTaHTHay He 6ewe CAOBeHCKH Hapo.n; caCBHM .n;aAeK, 6y­ ,n;yhH .n;a (Kao WTO IlHwy Tpe6eAHje, EBTPOIlHje H nAaTHHa) OTau H:.eroB KOHCTaHuHje Ue3ap 6ejawe YHYK IlO KhepH KAaY.llHja ,llaAMaTHHua, O.n;HOCHO CAOBeHa. 113 HCTora Hapo.n;a, Ta'tlHHje o.n; Beca KOjH (KaKo he jow 6HTH pe'tleHo) 6ejaxy Hapo.n; CAOBeHCKH H .n;a,n;owe HMe BocaHUHMa, IlOTe­ 'tie MB (AeoH), IlpBH Uap Tor HMeHa, Kao WTO IlHwe Ca6eAHKO y 2. KH:.H3H 8. EHea,ne, r,n;e KruKe KaKO HeKH TBp.n;H .n;a uap Taj 6ejawe Bec, a He fpK. 30Hapa y 6HorpaqmjH uapa MapUHjaHa KruKe IlaK.n;a 6ejawe I1AHP H 30Be ra BeAHKHM AeOHOM. CAoBeH 6ejawe TaKol)ep H JYCTHHHjaH, IlpBH Uap Tor HMeHa, a H:.erOBO PO.n;HO MeCTO (IlpeMa MYHCTepy, llAaTHHH H BOTepHjy) 6ejawe rpa,n npH3peH y Cp6HjH, HAH IlaK (KaKO TBp.n;H HHhmpop KaAHCT y 37. IlorAaBlbY 16. KH:.Hre) rpa.n; AxpH.n;a, HeKa.n; 3BaH JycTHHHjaHa, a .n;aHac OXPH.n;. fpa,n JyCTHHHjaay CIlOMHH:.Y jow H Ilpe Tora Jypaj THPCKH y 4. IlorAaBlbY 20. KH:.Hre, Te HHhmpop fperopa y 2. KH:.H3H. CTyrrHBWH .n;aKAe Ha UapCKH IlpeCTo, JYCTHHHjaH jaKO IlpOWHPH rpaHHue uapCTBa H y3 IlOMOh CBora BojcKoBol)e BeAH3apa IloTY'tle nepcHjaHue H BaH,n;aAe. Ho Mel)y CBHM H:.eroBHM Ilo,n;yxBaTHMa 3a Be'tlHO IlOMHH:.aH:.e 6ewe .n;oCTojaH H:.eroB HaAOr ,n;a ce roTOBO ,n;Be XHlba,ne CBe3aKa CalKMe y He BHwe o.n; Ile.n;eceT TOMOBa IlO,n; 3aje.n;HH'tIKHM Ha3HBOM ,llHreCTa. npHTOM ce HajBHwe IlpHKi\OHHO (KaKO IlHwe Ca6eAHKO) .n;eAy I1saHa naTpHUHja, TPH60HHjaaa H TeocpHAa ,llopoTeja. CaCTaBH 3aTHM IlperAe.n; 3aKOHHKa, Ilo.n;eAHBWH TaKO 06HMHY H OIlWHPHY rpal)y y CBera 'tIeTHpH CBeCKe IlO.n; HMeHOM I1HCTHTYUHje. JYCTHHHjaHa Ha UaPCKOM IlpeCToAY HacAe.n;H .n;pyrH je.n;aH CAoseH, a 6ejawe TO H:.erOB HehaK JyCTHH, CHH H:.erOBe cecTPe. Ka,n uapCKa THTYAa 6H IlpeHeTa Ha fepMaHe, Ha IlpeCTOlbe CTYIlHwe, Kao WTO ce BH.n;H y IlaIle nHja [II.) H Y CBeCUH 0 pa3.n;06lbHMa, KapAO, )KHrMYH.n; H BjeHueCAaB, IlOpeKi\OM CAOBeHH H3 'tIeWKOr orpaHKa. Ka,na 6HX XTeO IlpHK)1IlHTH Ha je.n;HOM MeCTY KaKO H:.HXOBa HajcAaBHHja 255 Uap Aype.nujaH 6ejaULe U3 Me::ruje. UapeBU raAepuje, MmCCUMUHU /lulJUHuje 6ejaxy,ila'l.aHu. .aBojulJa MmCCUMUHa 6ejaxy mpatt­ /c02 nopeKJLa. Uap/laB (/leoH) 6ejaULe Bec. Becu HUCY rplJu. 3aBu'l.aj lJapa JycmuHujaHa. 176 Uap JycmuHujaH nOBeoe sa/CoHC/Cy pecpopMY U cacmaBU ,ilu2ecma U HHcmumYlJuje UapJycmuH 6ejaULe CAoBeH.


..,." Ce. JepoliUM 6ejaw.e Cltooe1L lIana raj U JieaHIV. 6ejaxy j(l1.JLlIUlmuHYu. ,ll;eAa, TaKO H ,ll;eAa uapeBa CAOBeHCKOr rrOpeKAa rrpe HaBe,ll;eHHX, 6BAO 6H MH 6e3 cyMH>e rroTpe6HO MHOrO CBe3aKa. Y3MHMO, Ha rrpHMep, caMO AypeAHjaHa, H30CTaBlhajyhH OCTMe; rrpeMa CBe,ll;O'leH>Y Ca6eAHKOBOM, KOjH ce rraK yrAe­ ,ll;a Ha TeO,ll;OAa, AypeAHjaH y jeAHOM je,ll;HHOM ,ll;aHY BAaCTHTOM PYKOM o,lJ;y}Ke :>KHBOT 'leTp,ll;eCeTOCMOpHUH rrpOTHBHHKa. He He,ll;OcTajy CAOBeHHMa HH rrpeC.I\aBHH HayqHHUH, MeOY KojHMa ce HCTH'le ,ll;HKa yqeHora CBeTa CB. JepoHHM, pooeH y CTPHAOHY, 'lHja rrpOrrOBeAHH'lKa BellITHHa, KaKO Ka:>Ke AyryCTHH rrpeMa JYAHjaHY, rrorryT cyHua 6AHCTa C HCTOKa Ha 3arraA. YrAe,ll; H>erOB 6ejallle TO.l\HKH ,ll;a ce (KaKo ce rrpH'la) 'laK HH yqeHa rp'lKa, o.LJ;yBeK yqHTelhHua OCTaTKa CBeTa, HaKOH CBHX CBOjHx 'lyseHHX rrHcaua HHje rrOCTH­ ,ll;eAa HayqHTH HelliTO O,ll; jeAHor ,llaAMaTHHua, rrpeBeBllIH O,ll; MHorHX KOMeHTapa ,ll;pyrHx ayTopa HCKlhyqHBO OHe JepoHHMoBe. Bejarne y rrpOlliAHM BpeMeHHMa H ,ll;pyrHx O,ll;­ AH'iHHX ,ll;aAMaTHHCKHX MY:>KeBa, Kao llITO TO 6ejaxy rrarra raj H rrarra l1BaH IV., O,ll; KOjHX rrpBH (KaKO rrHllly fL.\aTHHa, I1eTpapKa H <PHAHrr H3 BepraMa), rrpH,ll;O,ll;aBllIH UPKBH Bo­ :>KHjoj YKpac MHorHX MOHallIKHX H CBernTeHH'lKHX pe,ll;OBa, sa BpeMe BAa,ll;aBHHe CBor pooaKa ,llHOKAeIJ,HjaHa 6H OBeH­ 'laH MyqeHHrnTBOM. ,llpyrH, pooeH O,ll; oua BeHaHUHja CKO177.1\aCTHKa (KaKO rrHllle MapTHH, 6HCK)'II KoceHue), 'lOBeK H3Y3eTHe rr060}KHOCTH, B.I\aCTHTHM HOBueM OTKYrrHBllIH MHoro po60Ba H CTeKaBllIH TOM CBOjOM BeAHKO.LJ;yllIHOllihy MeCTO y KpalheBCTBY He6eCKOM, y MHpy CKAOrrH O'lH Ha Be'lHH rrO'lHHaK. KaKaB TO KpacaH rrpH30p 6ejallIe He6ecKHM CBeIJ,HMa KaA raj OA.l\O:>KH CMpTHY CBOjy IIAallITaHHUY H MY:>KeBH ra H :>KeHe, pooaUH H>erOBH y C.I\aBH OBeH'laHH rr06e,ll;HH'lKHM rraAMHHHM rpaHaMa, rrpHMHllle y C.I\aBO,ll;O6HTHOj paCKOlliH Pa.LJ;yjyhH ce llITO Taj rrarra H pOOaK H>HXOB, HeKaAa yqHTelh H>HXOB Ha 3eMlhH, KPalhyje 3aje,ll;HO C H>HMa Ha He6y? Uap ,llHOKAeUHjaH, HaHMe, ,ll;aAe rrory6HTH rajeBor 6paTa ra6HHHja 360r H>eroBor HCrrOBe,ll;aa.a XPHllIhaHCKe Bepe. Bejaille ra6HHHje (KaKO Ka:>Ke I1eTap EXHAHHO) 'lOBeK yqeH H BernT rrpOrrOBeAHHK, a 3ajeAHO C H>HMe Cy3aHa 6H rrory6lheHa H KhH My CY3aHa ,lleBHua, ,ll;eBojKa H3BaHj(eeuya. pe,ll;He AerrOTe O,ll; oua yrryheHor y TajHe CBeTora rrHcMa, KOjy, rrpeMa CBe,ll;O'leH>Y HCTor Tora I1eTpa, ,llHOKAeUHjaHoB CHH MaKcHMHjaH XTe,ll;e 3a :>KeHY. 3aje,ll;HO C H>HMa uap K.lI.ayaujeea .IKelia lIpe­,ll;aAe rrory6HTH H rajeBY H ra6HHHjeBY 6pahy MaKCHMa H neaulUa KAaY,ll;Hja, Kao H KAaY,ll;HjeBY :>KeHY I1perre,ll;HH>Y, Kao H H>HoeeH«aHll My~ XOBY ,ll;euy AAeKCaH,ll;pa H KyKHja. I1pe H>HX MyqeHH'iKY «eliuw.meoM. 6 . h rraAMY eJarne rrpHMHAa O,ll;aRa XPHlll aHKa H KhH uapa j(uo'ICJ/.€yuja­,lleUHja 1'mpHAa, Koja (H3BelliTaBa <PHAHrr H3 BepraMa y 8. MBa Idtu KH>H3H) 3aBpllIH rro,ll; HO:>KeM 360r lhy6aBH cBoje rrpeMa Apme.Muja. XpHCTy. HaKoH H>e ,llHOKAeUHjaHoBa KhH ApTeMHja CKOH'la :>KHBOT rro HMOry 6paTa CBora MaKcHMHjaHa, H OHa 360r 256 HCrrOBe,ll;aH>a xpHllIhaHCKe Bepe, KaO H ,llHOKAeUHjaHoBa :>KeHa CepeHa, KaO H MapHH H Aeo 3,ll;pY:>KeHH y BO:>KHjOj lhy6aBH H rrpeMHHYAH rrpHpO,ll;HOM cMphy. MapHH H Aeo 6ejaxy 6paha PO,ll;OM H3 ,ll;aAMaTHHCKOra rpaAa Pa6a. I1pellIaBrnH y l1TaAHjy AeTa rOcrrO,ll;H>era 254, ,ll;aAOllle HMe rpa­ ,ll;OBHMa CaR Aeo H CaH MapHHo H3HaA PHMHHHja, KOjH cy ,ll;O ,ll;aHa ,ll;aRallIH>era 3aAp:>KaAH HCTO HMe. 11 MHorH ,ll;pyrH H3 pa3HHx KpajeBa ,llaAMaUHje rrorHHYllle O,ll; PYKe HerrpHjaTelha Bepe, a rroHajBHllIe O,ll; PHMlhaHa, KOjH y TO BpeMe 6ejaxy HeMHAocp,ll;HH rrpOTHBHHUH HMeHa xpHllIhaHCKOr. YrrpaBO PHMlbaHH, O,ll;HeBllIH Ha Kpajy rro6e.LJ;y HaA l1AHPHKOM HaKOH MHorHX H yqeCTaAHX paToBa Koje TaMO BO,ll;HllIe CTOTHHaMa rO,ll;HHa, rrO,ll;eAHllle TY 3eMlhY (KaKO rrHllle JoxaH ABeHTHHYc y,ll;pyroj KH>H3H) Ha ,ll;eCeT rroKpajHHa. I1pBa 6ejallle I1pHo6MHH HOpHK Ha )lyHaBY, Ha rro,ll;pyqjy ,ll;aHallIH>e AYCTpHje, a BOjHHUH H3 TaMOrnH>HX CTpa:>Ka Ha ,llyHaBY ,ll;06HllIe HMe pHBapH, O,ll;HOCHO 06aAH>aUH. ,llpyra rroKpajHHa 6ejallle rrpBH KorrHeHH HAH rOpH>H HOpHK, HaCTaH>eH BaBapUHMa C ,ll;pyre CTpaHe peKe EMC H THPOAIJ,HMa. ,llpyrH O,ll;HOCHO ,llOH>H HOpHK, ,ll;aHaC HaCTaH>eH IIlTajepUHMa H KpaH>UHMa, 6ejallle Tpeha pHMCKa rroKpajHHa y l1AHPHKY, a 'leTBpTa 6Hjallle BMepHja, Koja y rrpOlliAOCTH rrpHrraAallle I1aHoHHjH, a CMelliTeHa je H3MeOY peKe ,llpaBe 178 H )lyHaBa Ha 3arra.LJ;y H ,ll;aHaC je ,ll;eo AycrpHje H YrapCKe. I1eTa 6ejallle I1aHoHHja H3MeOY peKa ,llpaBe, CaBe H )lyHaBa, r,ll;e ce ,ll;aHaC rrpoCTHpy YrapCKa H 3eMlbe KpaH>aua H r,ll;e 6ejallle CHPMHjYM KO,ll; Kojer peKa BocyT yrH'le y CaBY, a Ty je H IIAaHHHa AAMa. OCHM I1aHoHHje, Ty je H rroKpajHHa 3BaHa Me3Hja, Koja rrO'lHH>e KO,ll; HaBe,ll;eHOr Yillha H rrpOTe:>Ke ce 3aTHM CBe ,ll;O I1OHTa. PHMlbaHH rrO,ll;eAHllle Me3Hjy Ha ,ll;Ba ,ll;eAa, Ha ropH>y H ,ll;OH>y. OBY rrpBy HaCTaH>aBaxy TPH6aAH, ,ll;aHaC Cp6H H ByrapH, a ,ll;pyry ,ll;OH>H CKHTH, KOjH cy 3arrpaBO BAaCH H ByrapH. Meoy H>HMa 6ejallIe H rrpHo6MHa ,llaKHja, OCMa rrOKpajHHa, KOjy PHMlhaHH yreMelbHllIe C OBe CTpaHe ,llyHaBa HaKOH ry6HTKa rrOAYHaBCKe ,llaKHje. ,lleBeTa rroKpajHHa 6ejallle AH6ypHHja BAH l1AHPHK Y Y:>KeM CMHCAY pe'lH, a TO je Hacelbe Ja,ll;pa HAH 3aAap; ,ll;aHaC je 30BY CAaBoHHjoM. ,lleceTa H rrOCAe,ll;H>a rroKpajHHa y l1AHpHKY 6ejallIe ,llaAMal..l;Hja. HajBa:>KHHjH TaMOllIH>H rpaAOBH 6ejaxy CMOHa, ,ll;aHaC COAHH, H ErrH­ ,ll;ayp, ,ll;aHaC )ly6pOBHHK. HaBe,ll;eHHM rroKpajHHaMa PHM­ lbaHH KacHHje rrpH,ll;O,ll;allIe ,ll;pyrHX rreT, TO jeCT ,llap,ll;aHHjy, XeMHMOHT, Axajy, MaKe,ll;OHHjy H TecMHjy, OKYrrHBllIH HX CBe rro,ll; 3ajeAHH'lKHM HMeHOM fuHpHK. C.I\aAH cy y rroKpajHHe PHMCKY yrrpaBy H cAY:>K6eHHKe; TaKO y fuHPHKY (KaO llITO rrpOH3Aa3H H3 ,ll;eAa AHToHHja CKOHKoBHja) PHM­ lbaHH cy rrOCTaBlbaAH rrpeTopCKor HaMeCHHKa KOjH 3arrOBe­ ,ll;arne BOjHHM rrOCaAaMa. BHAa cy TpH BojHa 3arrOBeAHHKa, 257


1 Pu.Mc1Ce c.ny:JK.6e u nOJlOJ/Caju y HJtUpU1Cy. je,l{aH y ,l{OIbOj Me3HjH, ,l{pym y )],aKHjH, a TpenH y roPIbOj Me3HjH. KOH3YAa 6ejaxy ,l{Ba, je,l{aH y ,l{OIbOj Me3HjH, a ,l{pyrH y YHyTpaIllIboCTH )],aKHje, ,l{OK YIIpaBHTeIba 6ejarne ocaM. )],Be ,l{HjeD:e3e, MaKe,l{OHCKa H ,l{a'lKa, IIOTIIa,/:{axy IIO,l{ OBAaIllneIba IIpeTopCKor HaMeCHHKa y I1AHPHKY. )],aAMaTHHCKOj KOIbHD:H IIpHIIa,l{axy IIeTO, OCMO H ,l{eBeTO MeCTO y PHMCKOj BOjCD:H. CAHje,l{H IIOIIHC je,l{HHHD:a H CAy:ac6H Y OBAllineIbY pHMCKora HaMeCHHKa y I1AHPHKY. Je,l{Ha IIaAaTHHCKa AerHja BeTepaHH BepTOHH llieCT IIaAaTHHCKHX IIOMonHHX je,l{HHHD:a MAa,/:{H KOIIIbaHHD:H BHpaHH CTpeAD:H HeII06e,l{HBH JYIIHTepOBD:H HeCAOMlhHBH OCa.M. OKPY.JKHUX Jl.ezuja MapCOBH KOHCTaHTH MapCOBH paTHHD:H LlHjaHHHH paTHHD:H BeTepaHH H3 repMaHHKOBHX je,l{HHHD:a Llpyrope,l{IbaD:H ABryCTOBCKH KOIIIbaHHD:H MHHepBHHH paTHHD:H MAa,/:{H KOIbH'lKH KOIIIbaHHD:H HaOpy:>KaHH IIpeMa 06H'lajHMa oKpyra MAMH H3BPCHH TeO,l{OcHjaHU.H Byprapau.eCH CKOMIIeCH YAIIHjaHOBD:H MeTeCH Llpym TeO,l{OcHjaHD:H MAMH TeO,l{OcHjaHcKH CTpeAD:H CKaIIeCH Bepyje ce iJa cy HaeeiJeHu 3anoeeiJHUlJU eojHu oCPUlJUpU noiJ t.l.UjUM ce 3anoeeiJHuwmeoM HQJl.Q3e oeiJe npu6eJ1.eJK:eHe jeiJuHUlJe. J e,l{aH HaMeCHHK LlBa HYMepapa HAH pa'lYHOBotJe Je,l{aH ceKpeTap rAaBHH 6AarajHHD:H, yje,l{HO pa'lYHOBotJe BAarajHHD:H [lpHMaOD:H H ,l{pyrH H3 TeAeCHe rap,l{e Ha'leAHHK 3a IIope3e y IIIAHpHKY Ha'leAHHK 3a TproBHHy y IIIAHpHKY rAaBHH pH3HH'lap 258 Ha'leAHHK 3a KOBHHe CJl.y.JK6e y 08.ll.awneH:>Y HaeeiJeHoz HQ1ieJI.HUKQ 3a mpzoeuHy y HJl.upwcy. CTapeIllHHa D:eAe CAy:ac6e CTapeIllHHa IIopeCKe 6AarajHe CTapIllHHa 6eAe2KHHKa CTapeIllHHa paqyHoBO,l{CTBeHe 6AarajHe CTapeIllHHa 3AaTHHX 3aAHXa CTapeIllHHa 6AarajHe 3a jaM'leBHHe y 3Aary CTapjeIllHHa pH3HHD:e IIOCBeneHHX O,l{opa CTapeIllHHa cpe6pHHX 3aAHXa CTapeIllHHa 6AarajHe cpe6pHHX MOHeTa CTapeIllHHa pH3HHD:e HaKHTa CTapeIllHHa 3a HOB'laHe IIOCAOBe H ,l{pyrH 6AarajHHD:H BAarajHHD:H HaBe,l{eHHx 6AarajHH [lO,l{CTapeIllHHa cAY2K6e, yje,l{HO CTapellIHHa IIpHMaOD:a )],pyrH IIO,l{CTapeIllHHa cAy:ac6e, 3MY2KeH 3a OIIpeMY BojcKe TpeOH IIO,l{CTapeIllHHa, 3MY2KeH 3a cAy:ac6eHe CIIHce )],pyrH ,l{BOpaHH, O,l{HOCHO ,l{BOPCKH 'lHHOBHHD:H Y oeJl.acmu V. VlaeHOZ ynpaeumeJba ,4QJLMalJuje HQJl.Q3e ce c.n.y.JK6e: J e,l{aH HaMeCHHK Je,l{aH Tpy6a'l IIOKAHCap )],Ba rAaCHHKa J e,l{aH ceKpeTap J e,l{aH pa3BO,l{HHK J e,l{aH 3aCTYIIHHK J e,l{aH 3aMeHHK pa3BO,l{HHKa [lpHMaOD:H OCTaAH IIpHIIa,/:{ajy KoxopTaMa H HHje HM ,l{orryIllTeHo IIpenH y ,l{pyry je,l{HHHO:Y 6e3 ,l{OIIHCa KOjH rAaCH: MUJI.Own.y Ha.M.eCHUKoeOM. ,4Y.JKHOCmU ocmQJI.ux ynpaeumeJba c.n.Ut.l.He cy OHUMa KOiJ ynpaeumeJba ,4QJLMalJuje. 3anoeeiJHuK iJeopcKe cmpa.JKe y ceojoj 08.ll.acmu UMa oee iJujelJe3e IIITaAHja IIIAHpHK A<PPHKa CJ1.!j.JK6a npeiJeoiJHuKa ceux c.n.y.JK6u Pa3BO,l{HHK 3aMeHHK pa3BO,l{HHKa 3aMeHHD:H pa3BO,l{HHKa y pa,l{HOHHD:aMa 259 179


r Cll)')K6eHHK 3a jaBHe rrOIllTe CAYJK6eHHK 3a CBe rroKpajHHe TyMaqH CBmc HapOL1.HOCTH Pa,u.HOHHue Y I1AHPHKY PaL1.HOHHue Y CHPMHjYMY IlPOH3BOL1.1ba IllTHTOBa PaL1.HOHHue CKOPL1.HCKa 1800PYJKapHHue KOBaqHHue Y AUHMHHKy-My KOBaqHHua Y KOPYTY 0pYJKapHHua Y CaAOHH Y OMQWnel'bUMQ npeCeeTrlJL02 liaMeCIiWCQ 3Q ceeme nOpe3e. HaMeCHHK 3a rrope3e Y I1AHPHKY KInHroBooe 3a L1.Pyry IlaHoHHjy, .llaAMaIJ.Hjy H IlOCaBHHY KInHroBooe 3a CBeYKYrrHOCT rrpBe IlaHoHHje, BaAepHje, KorrHeHor H rrpHo6aAHor HOpHKa OKPY)KHH HaMeCHHK COAHlhaHa y.llaAMauHjH OKPY)KHH HaMeCHHK CHIllqaHa Y IlOCaBHHH IlOBepeHHK 3a HOBqaHe rrOCAOBe Y CHCKY IlOBepeHHll.H 3a YTBpoeEba IlOBepeHHK 3a TBpoaBY Y BacHjaHH IlOBepeHHll.H 3a L1.Pyry IlaHoHHjy, rrpeMeIllTeHH Y CaAOHY IlOBepeHHll.H 3a Y CHPMHjYMY Y L1.Pyroj IlaHOHHjH IlOBepeHHUH 3a TBPOasy JymITepOBaua y CIIAHTy Y .llaAMaUHjH IlOBepeHHK 3a COAHlhaHCKH BacPo y .llaAMaUHjH To cy, L1.aKAe, cAY)K6e H rrOAO)KajH pHMcKe BAaCTH y J1AHPHKY H .llaAMaUHjH. 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Taj 6ejaIlle IIAeMeHHT H L1.peBaH, C 063HpOM Ha TO L1.a MY TeMelbH rroTHeqy (KaKO y CBOjOj reorpacPHjH rrpHrrOBeL1.ajy Kopa,u.o MYKOHHO H .llaBHL1. XOTOMaH) H3 BpeMeHa pOOelha BeAHKor MojcHja, BOOe 260 xe6pejcKor HapOL1.a, a 6eIlle TO (KaJKe MapHaHYC CKOTyC y 1. KlhH3H CBor AeTorrHca) roL1.HHe 2606. OL1. rrOCTaHKa CBe­ Ko U ICaoa Yliuw.mu Ta. OL1.P)Ka ce 3aTHM CBe L1.0 BpeMeHa uapa BaAepHjaHa, Enuoayp. OL1.HOCHO roL1.HHe 265, Ka,u.a rOTH xapajyhH TpaKHjoM H I1AHPHKOM BeAHKHM L1.eAOM pa30pHIlle ErrHL1.ayp. HeKOAHUHHa lheroBHx rpaoaHa, OKpeTHHjmc OL1. L1.pyrmc, )KeAehH y6y.u.yhe H36ehH TOMe CAHqHa BapBapCKa MaxHHTaEba (KaKO rrpHrrOBeL1.a Mmco COAHEbaHHH y L1.eAY 0 .llaAMaUHjH) , H3rpa,u.HIIle MaAH KailiTeA Ha BHCOKOj H CTpMOj XPHL1.H Ha MOPY, OL1.BojeHoj OL1. KorrHa H Beh rro rrpHpOL1.H CHIYPHOj OL1. CBaKor Harra,u.a, 6HAO C KorrHa HAlf Mopa. KaIllTeA 6H 3aTHM rrpOIlIHpeH roL1.HHe 283. 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KEbH3H caCBH jacHo KaJKe L1.a My TeMelbe rrOCTaBHIlie rpaoaHH ErrHL1.aypa HaKOH IlITO rOTH 453. rOL1.HHe 6ejaxy yHHiliTHAH EbmcOB rpa,u., a roTOBO ce y rroTrryHoCTH rroKAarrajy C THMe TBpLJ.Ebe KOHCTaHTHHa IloPcPHpOreHeTa KOjH y L1.eAY ca HaCAOBOM Case3H, rrpasa H L1.PYIIITBa PHMcKor UapCTBa roBOPH 0 nOCTaHKY .lly6poBHHKa cAeL1.ehHM peqHMa: rpa,u. .lly6POBHHK, OL1.­ IIopervLO HOCHO Pary3a (KaJKe OH), L1.06H TO HMe rro rpqKoj peqH AaC U.MeHa PazY3a. (AOS) , IlITO 3HaqH KaMeH, Te lherOBH CTaHOBHHUH Hajnpe Hajnpe ce 6exy np03BaHH AayceH, IllTO 3aTHM npOMeHOM CAOBa nOCTa 3ecuza Aayca. PayceH H ParyceH. Bejaxy OHH rrpe TOra CTaHOBHHUH rpa,u.a EmIL1.aypa, KOjH 3ajeL1.HO C OCTaTKOM .llaAMaIJ.Hje 3aY3eIlIe CAOBeHH, rroy6HjaBIllH jeL1.aH L1.eo rpaoaHa H OMeBIllH L1.pyrH L1.eo y 3apo6lbeHHIllTBO. OHH KOjH 6ejaxy no6erAH H3 rpa,u.CKHx pYIlleBHHa nOBYKaBiliH ce y o6A1f)KEba MeCTa, carpa,u.HIlIe rrOTOM MeCTaHue Koje KacHHje 6H npOIlIHpeHO H orraCaHO 3HL1.HHaMa 06HMa OL1. rrOAa MHlbe. IlpBH EberoBH 3aqeTHHUH 6ejaxy rpryp, ApcaUHje, apXHoaKOH BaAeHTHH IIpeu yme­ H <PaseHTHH, CBeIllTeHHK H3 upKBe CBeTor CTecPaHa. Ilpo­ Me.JbUme.JbU IlIAO je neTCTO roL1.HHa OTKaKO HarryCTHBIllH CaAOHY H3rpa­ Jl,y6poeliuKa, L1.HIlIe rroMeHYTH rpaL1., y KojeM ce HaAa3H CB. IlaHKpaUHje npe.Ma mepolbaMa CMeIllTeH y CrrOMeHYToj UpKBH CB. CTecPaHa y CpeL1.HIlITy KaliCmali­ rpaL1.a. HeL1.0CTaTaK H jaAOBOCT 3eMlbe rrpHcHlbaBajy .lly­ ffiUlia IIap6pOBqaHe L1.a ce TproBHHH H nOMopCTBY nOCBeTe peBHOc­ cjJupaZ€liema. HHje HO 06paOHBaEby nOlba H yonIllTe 3eMlbOpaLJ.EbH. TOAHKo KaJKe KOHCTaHTHH 0 .lly6POBHHKY. To cBoje L1.eAO (npeMa nHCaEbY ApnoHTaxa H3 BopL1.oa y PacnpaBH 0 npOMeHaMa 261


'11"'.'." )],piKaBa) HanHCa OH 959, na 6H H3rpa)],l:Dy )ly6pOBHHK:a BaJhaAO CMeCTHTH (npeMa l:DerOBHM TBp)],l:DaMa) y rO)],HHY 459. Ho KOHcTaHTHH ce Ty Bapa, OCHM aKO no)], CAoBeHHMa He no)]'pa3YMHjeBa fOTe, Ka,n:a TBp)l,H )],a pYIIIHTelbH EnH)]'aypa 6ejaxy CAOBeHH. OBH nOCAe)],l:DH, HaHMe (npeMa CBe)],O'lel:DHMa TIpoKonHjeBHM, Ca6eAHKOBHM, Kao H MHOrIiX )],pyrHx nHcana), npBH rryT npo)]'peme y .llaAMaII,Hjy 3a BpeMe BAa,n:aBHHe lI,apeBa MaBpHKHja H ¢loKe, 0)], KOjIiX npBH BAa)],ame ro)],HHe 583, a )]'pyrn 604, HeMoryne je, )],aKAe, )],a CAoBeHH 6ejaxy TH KOjH pa30pHme EnH)],ayp, 182 Ben TO BaJha npHnHcaTH fOTHMa KOjH MHoro npe )],OAaCKa 3a6YHa nona ,[!yl\.lbaHUHa y nOvteay nocmaHlca '[!y6poeHUlca, ,[!y6poettaHU 6ejaxy y caee3Y cHepe~aHLUHa CB, XHAapHja y .llaAMaII,Hjy H l:DerOBa oKpmaja C enH)],aypCKHM 3MajeM 6ejaxy YHHmTHAH rpa,n: H3 'lHjHX pymeBHHa rpa.ljaHH (Kao mTO TBP)],H Ca6eAHKO, CAaiKYnH ce y TOMe C roTOBO CBRM )],pyrHM ayTOpHMa) nO)l,Hrome TeMelbe HOBora rpa,n:a )ly6poBHHKa. He 6eme TO rO)],HHe 453, KaKO Bepyjy HaBe)],eHH aYTOpH, Ben 267, Kao mTO y paCnpaBH o.llaAMaII,HjH nHme MHXO COAHl:DaHHH, ayTOp 3HaTHO CTapHjH 0)], cnOMeHyTIiX, To THM BepoBaTHHje mTO rO)],HHe 360, Ka­ )],a 3Maj xapame enH)],aypcKHM no)]'pyqjeM, He 6ejame TaMO HHTH Morame 6HTH Hacelba, C 063HPOM Ha TO )],a ce KalKe )],a 3Maj )],axOM CBOjHM TpOBame Ba3)l.yX, a CB. JepOHHM nHme)],a y6Hjame TaMOml:De naCTHpe, a He rpa.ljaHe. JaCHO ce H3 Tora BH)l.H )],a y TO BpeMe EnH)],ayp 6ejame nOTrryHo rryCT H )],a ce l:DerOBH CTaHOBHHlI,H Ben 6ejaxy npeCeAHAH y HOBoHsrpa.ljeHH )ly6pOBHHK. illTO ce naK nOCTaHKa Tor noCAe)],l:Der TH'le, non )lyKlbaHHH je y BeAHKoj 3a6AY)],H Ka,n:a TBP)],H )],a TIaBAHMHp BeAO, no CBOM )],OAacKY H3 PliMa, 6eme npBH KOjH My nOCTaBH TeMelbe. TIpeM)]'a je HeMoryne Ta'lHO YTBp)],HTH BpeMe TIaBAHMHpOBa )],OAaCKa y Taj )],eo llaAMalI,Hje, 3Ha ce HnaK )],a TO 6eme HaKOH 900. ro)],HHe, )],aKAe Ka,n:a )ly6pOBHHK (Kao mTO neMO HemTO nOCAe penHr 6ejame Ben Harrpe)],aH rpa,n:, Moryne je, )],aKaKo, )]'a ra OH 6ejame )],eAHMH'lHO Ha,n:orpa,n:Ho HAH naK nO)],Hrao HeKO HOBO yTBp.ljel:De. .lloKa3 0 HanpeTK)' rpa,n:a je H TO mTO lly6POB'laHH (KaKO nHme MHXO COAHl:DaHHH) CTyrrHme y caBes C HepeTBlbaHHMa ro)],HHe 880, Ka,n:a OBH 6ejaxy y 6 paTy C MAe'laHHMa, CTora, KaKO ce He H HeKOMe yqHHHAO )],a cy CBe TO rrycTe npH'le H )],a )ly6pOB'laHH y TO )],06a 6ejaxy 3anpaBO Hen03HaTH, noqyjMo mTO 0 l:DHMa nHme rp'lKH ayTOp feopmj Ke)]'peH y HCTOPHjCKOM nperAe)l,Y, r)],e OBaKO roBOPH: Ka,n: lI,ap MIiXajAo HarryCTH H Taj )],eo, Kao H CBe OCTaAO, rOTOBO lI,eAa HTaAHja H MHora MeCTa Ha CHlI,HAHjH, HeKa,n: y BAaCTH PliMcKor UapCTBa, na,n:ome y pyKe BapBapHMa H3 KaPTarHHe ys 06Be3Y ITAanal:Da )],aHKa. OCHM TOra, CKHTH HaCTal:DeHH y TIaHoHHjH, .llaAMalI,HjH H )],pyrHM seMlbaMa y YHYTpaml:DOCTH, O)],HOCHO XpBaTH, Cp6H, 3axyMlbaHH, Tpe6Hl:DlI,H, KOHaBlbaHH, .llOKAeaTH H 262 )ly6pOB'laHH, CBprHYBmH japaM PliMcKor UapCTBa KojeM y npOIIIAOCTH 6ejaxy nO)],'lHl:DeHH, CTeKome CA060)l,Y, TOM npHAHKOM ArapeHH H3 KaPTarHHe, nOCTaBHBmH Ha 3anoBe)l,HH'lKe nOAoiKaje C01\.ll:aHa, Ca6y H KaAcpyca, HajHcTr\l',",<':rT;r,."" cBoje nOMOplI,e, HacpHYllie C TpH)],eceT H meCT Aa­ .lja Ha MeCTa y noce)l,Y PHMcKor UapCTBa, Te saY3eme MHOre )],aAMaTHHCKe rpa,n:oBe, Me.ljy KojHMa 6ejaxy BYTaMa, Poca H )],Ol:DH KOTOp. By)l,YnH )],a HX cpena H ycnex TaKO )],06po nocAYiKHAH y TOM nO)l.yXBaTy, )],a,n:ome ce TaKObe H Ha oCBajal:De )ly6poBHHKa, HajBalKHHjera rpa,n:a y TOM Kpajy, Te ra )l,Yro )],piKaxy no)], onca,n:OM, )],OK HM ce rpa.ljaHH xpa6po O)l,YnHpaxy. Ka)], )ly6pOB'laHH YBH)],eme)],a HM npeTH KOHa'lHa norH6Hja, HarHaHH HYiK)],OM nOCAame cBoje H3aCAaHHKe lI,apy MHxajAY TpalKenH nOMon 0)], l:Dera, KaKO Hapo)], xpHmnaHCKH He 6H nOTnao no)], BAaCT HenpHjaTelba xpHmnaHCKor HMeHa, Ho npe HO mTO HsaCAaHHlI,H CTHrome MHxaeAY, lI,ap HanYCTH oBaj CBeT, a HaCAe)],H ra BaCHAHje MaKe)],OHalI" KOjH lby6a3Ho npHMH H C BeAHKOM n030pHomny cacAyma )l,Y6pOBa'lKe HsaCAaHHKe. fbHXOBe ra pe'lH TaKO raHyme H nO)],CTaKome Ha CaMHAOCT )],a OK)'­ nH CPAOTY 0)], CTOTHHY Aa.lja H npe)],a,n:e no)], 3anOBe)],HHmTBO HHKeTe npe3HMeHOM OpHcpac, ITAeMHna H nOMopCKor a,n:­ MHpaAa H MYiKa HSBaHpe)],He pas60pHTOCTH, Te ra nOCAa y noxo)], npOTHB BapBapa. .llOK OBH HCTpajaxy y onca)],H )ly6pOBHHKa, )],OSHame 0)], HeKOAHlI,HHe 6eryHalI,a sa )l,Y6poBa'lKO H3aCAaHCTBO KO)], lI,apa, Te HarpHiKeHH CYMl:DOM )],a lI,ap Hene MonH 0)],6HTH nOMon rp8.ll.Y H ry6enH H8)l.Y )],a 6H ra y TaKO KpaTKOM BpeMeHY MorAH 3aY3eTH, npeKHHYme onca)l,Y. TIpeITAOBHBmH Mope CTHrome y oHaj )],eo HTaAHje KOjH ce )],aHac 30Be i\oM6ap)],Hja, saY3eme rpa)]' H saYCTaBHme ce Y TOM Kpajy. Harra,n:ajynH sa )],pyrHM OKOAHa MeCTa, 3arocno)]'apHme lI,eAOM i\oM6ap)]'HjoM, sayseBmH Ha Kpajy 'lHTaB oHaj )],eo KOjH ce npOTeiKe CBe )],0 PliMa, Ho XpBaTH, Cp6H H )],pyrH CKHTCKH HapO)l,H Koje CMO MaAO npe HaBeAH, BH)],eBmH pasBoj )]'ora.ljaja y .llaAMalI,HjH H YTHlI,aj nOMonH nOCAaTe 0)], CTpaHe lI,apa BaCHAHja, npeKO CBOjHX H3aCAaHHKa SaTpaiKHme 0)], lI,apa )],a HX npHMH HaTpar no)], samTHTY l:DeroBa lI,apCTBa, OlI,eHHBmH )],a je l:DHXOBa MOA6a onpaB)],aHa H nomTeHa, BascAHje BpAO pa,n:o YCAHmH l:DHXOBa TpalKel:Da, a Ha TaMOml:DY ynpaBHY BAaCT nOCTaBH lby)],e l:DHXOBe HapO)],HOCTH, 3a TO BpeMe HCTH OHH ArapeHH KOjH 6ejaxy )],piKaAH no)], onca,n:OM rpa)], )ly6pOBHHK, xapaxy HTaAHjOM HaHocenH HeH3MepHe mTeTe y CBeonmTeM rrycTOmel:Dy. Uap HX XTe)],e HCTepaTH H3 HTaAHje, HO YBH)],eBmH )],a cpAOTa no)], sanOBe)],HHmTBOM 0PHcpaca HHje )],OBOlbHa 3a TaKaB nO)l.yXBaT, SaTpalKH nOMon 0)], cppaHa'lKOr KPaJha .llOAHKa H 0)], pHMCKor nane, He 6H AH My nOMorAH CTaTH Ha Kpaj lbY)],HMa OHHM OKpyTHHM 263 BymQMY, iJa HaUl1-by Byaey, U3ZpaaUUle, EzunliaHU. CapalJeHU 3ay3My Komop. '[!y6poeHUlc, HajeCVKHuju zpaa y Kpajy noacapa­lJeHCKQM oncaOQM, Ty oncaay ,[!y6pooHuKa nOMU1-be U 30Hapay3. mQMy. ,[!y6poeattllli U3acn.aHUlJU uay y KOHcmaHmaHmuHonOJb. JIJl.eMun HUKema npucmU2He ynoMon ,[!y6poeHuKy. Capal,JeHU oceoje lloM6apaujy. Xpeamuu Cp6u, a01-bU CKUmu.


'!'III'!"'"" Uap BaCUJlUje 6e36o>KHHUHMa. nOPY'"lH 3aTHM CAOBeHHMa, Koje CMO rope mpWKU 00 HMeHOBaAH, Kao H .lly6POBqaHHMa, KOjH 6ejaxy npeTpneAH C.nooeHa U onca,ny,,na MY je Y TOM nop;yxBary nOTpe6Ha lbHXOBa n-;;!'::t~;~~~8 nOMon. Ka,na Ha Taj HaqHH 6exy 3,npY>KeHe CHare MHorHX Capa~eHa. CaBe3HHKa, 3aje,nHO OKYnHllIe CHARY BOjcKY, a 3axBaIbyjynH 184 BOjHOj BellITHHH H HCKYCTBY OpH¢aca, 3aqaC 6H 3aY3eT rpa,n BapH. ct>paHaqKH KpaIb, noryKaBllIH y 60jy COi\,.ll;aHa, 3apo6H ra >KHBa H o,nBe,ne ra 3aje,nHo C OCTaAHM arapeHCKHM 3apo6IbeHHUHMa. TaKO ce OKOHqa npBH BaCHAHjeB nop;yxBaT Ha 3ana,ny . .lly6pOn"IaHH H ,npyrH CAoBeHH OCTa­ ,nollie 3aTHM ,nyro y AOM6ap,nHjH no,n BOljCTBOM npoKonHja, rAaBHOr pH3HH'1apa uapa BacHAHja H 3anoBe,nHHKa CAOBeHCKHX H 3ana,nlba'1KHX BOjHHX CHara. HaKoH 6pOjHHX jYHa'1­ KHX ,neAa lberOBHX H lberOBHX Iby,nH, H HaKOH BeAHKOr nOKOIba KOjH H3BpllIHllIe Ha,n CapaueHHMa, ,nolje ,nO pa3,nopa H3­ Meljy npoKonHja H ,npyrora je,nHor 3anoBe,nHHKa uapcKe BojcKe no HMeHY AaB (AeoH), KOjH 6ejallie Bolja MaKe,noHaua H TpaqaHa. TaKO npoKonHje KpHBHUOM H3,najHHKa AeoHa 6H nOpa>KeHHM y je,nHoM oKpllIajy C HenpHjaTeIbHMa, a norH60llIe npH TOMe MHOrH CAOBeHH H .lly6pOB'1aHH. To je, ,naKAe, OHO llITO npHnoBe,na Ke,npeH. HeKa ce HHKO He qy,nH llITO cy .lly6pOB'1aHH YHa3a,n MHOro BeKOBa Ha TaKBOM rAacy, a npBeHCTBeHO y CTBapHMa Koje ce TH'1y paTOBan.a, jep 3eMIba Kojaje ,naHac y lbHXOBOM noce,ny H npe ,nOAaCKa CAO3eMlbe BeHa y Te KpajeBe 6ejallie YBeK ,naBaAa O,nAH'iHe paTHHKe. J(y6poot{aHa HaHMe, Taj Kpaj (KaKO TBp,ne ,lI.HOH H [nOMnoHHje) MeAa, Te 6ejaxy paHUje HOBHjH aYTopH ¢lpaH'1eCKO Bai\,.ll;eAH H A6paxaM OpTeA y HacmalOeHe CBOjOj feorpa¢cKoj PH3HHUH no,n HMeHOM EnH,nayp) HaCTa­ pamo60pHUM napmuHUMa. H>aBaxy HeKa,na napTHHH. PaTOBaxy OHH H C PHMIbaHHMa, y napmuHu ce BpeMe nyHor npOUBaTa PliMcKor UapCTBa, a KaTKa,n HM H 60pec npY>KHllIe nOMon npOTHB HenpHjaTeIba. npBH TO cnOMHlbe PuM.!baHUMa. llHOH H3 HHKeje, KOjH y 48. KH>H3H Ka>Ke ,na y nOMnejeBO' BpeMe HaCTaIIIe y EnH,naypy, rpa,ny napTHHa, o,npeljeHH He­ MHpH Koje 3aTHM, HaKOH HeKOAHKO 6 HTaKa , 3aYCTaBH O()6paHa zpaoa nOAHOH. 0 xpa6poj o,n6paHH rpa,na PeTHHa HAH (Kao llITO ra 185 PemUHa npomu8 n' ) P . 30Be AHHHJe aTaHa, '1HJH ce OCTaUH ,naHac MOry BH,neTH Y PuM.!baHa. KaBo KYMaHO Ha ,ny6poBa'1KOM no,nPY'"ljy, HCTH aYTop Y 56. KH>H3H OBaKO nHllIe: Y BpeMe onHcaHHX 36HBan.a y PHMY, oHaj ,neo PHMIbaHa KOjH C fepMaHHKOM 6ejallie OTHllIao y noxo,n npOTHB rpa,na PeTHHa y ,lI.aAMaUHjH npeTpne BeAHKe llITere. HaHMe HenpHjaTeIbH, npHTHCHYTH PHMCKOM CHAOM, YSH,nellie ,na cy Y nopeljen.y C 6pojHolliny PHMCKHX BojHHKa npeCAa6H ,na 6H HM MOrAH O,nOAeTH, Te BelliTO H C BeAHKHM onpe30M nOTnaAHllIe BaTpe Ha 3H,nHHaMa H Ha OKOARHM rpaljeBHHaMa npHKpHBllIH HX TaKO ,na ce y npBH Max He Mora,ne Ha3peTH CBeTAOCT, HaKOH '1era ce nOBYKOllie y YHYTpallIn.oCT YTBpljelba. PHMlbaHH, He 3HajynH HHllITa 0 TOMe, KpeHYllie y >KeCTOK Hana,n >KeAenH ,na Ben y npBOM 264 HaAeTy 3ay3My H OnIba'1Kajy rpa,n, Te ce 3aTeKOllie o,nce­ '1eHH ycpe,n nOTnaIbeHe BaTpe a ,na HHllITa He 6ejaxy npHMeTHAH npe HO lllTO ce Haljollie y Kpajlboj onaCHOCTH. O,n03ro HX raljaxy H3 CBHX OPY>Kja, OKO lbHX ce Y3,nH3allIe BaTpeHa npeTn.a, Te He 6ellIe CHryPHO HH OCTaTH TaMO, a He Moraxy ce HH H3BynH o,naTAe H cnaCHTH, Hero CaMO y3 BeAHKY norH6eIb; H36eraBajynH CTpeAe H KOnIba Koja HenpHjaTeIbH 6auaxy Ha lbHX, 6HAH 6H HaTepaHH npaBO y nO>Kap; nOBAa'1enH ce npe,n BaTpOM, CBaKH 6H ce nYT HalliAH Ha y,napy HenpHjaTeIbcKHX opY>Kja, Te TaKO npHTHCHYTH ca CBHX CTpaHa, HeKO H3rope y BaTpH, a HeKO HanyCTH oBaj CBeT o,n 3a,no6HjeHHX paHa. TaKBa 6ejallie cy,n6HHa HajBener ,neAa OHHX KOjH 6ejaxy ylliAH y rpa,n, a caMO HeKOAHUHHa, 6auajynH Ha nAaMeH MpTBa TjeAa H oTBapajynH ce6H TaKO npoAa3 KaO npeKo MOCTa, ycne cnaCHTH ce 6eKCTBoM. nO>Kap ce npollIHpH TaKBOM cHaroM ,na HH OHH CKAOlbeHH y YTBpljelbY He 6ejaxy BHllIe Ha CHryPHOM, Te je Ka,n na,ne Hon HanYCTHllIe H nOBYKOllie ce y rpaljeBHHe no,n 3eMIbOM. TaKo ,lI.HOH nHllIe 0 napTHHHMa. Ha KaKBOM rAacy 6ejaxy OHH KO,n PHMIbaHa, H3PH'1HTO Ka>Ke caM Ue3ap ABryCT, '1Hje peqH HaBo,nH AnHjaH H3 AAeKcaH,npHje y CBOM ,neAy 0 MAHPHKY, r,ne npHnoBe,na KaKO Ue3ap je,nHora ,naHa, KopenH npe,n CeHaToM MaAOBpe,nHoCT MapKa AHToHHja, no,nH'1H ce HanpoTHB xpa6poM CBOjOM no6e,noM Ha,n napTHHHMa, KaO H Ha,n OCTaAHM I1AHpHMa. C 063HPOM Ha npHjaTeIbCTBo napTHHa H PliMIbaHa, BHllIe HO je,nHoM (KaKo peKocMo) OBH npBH npY>KHllIe nOMon ,npyrHMa y 6op6H npoTHB HenpHjaTeIba. CnOMHlbe TO H THT AHBHje y 4. KlbH3H V. ,lI.eKa,ne, Ka,na Ka>Ke: AHHUHje, y TO BpeMe npeTOp y AnoAoHHjH, qyBllIH llITO ce 6ellIe ,nOro,nHAO y I1AHpHKY, nOCAa AnHjy noPYKY ,na ra '1eKa KO,n feHYCHje, Te Tpenera ,naHa CTH>Ke Ha 60jHO nOIbe C no,npllIKOM o,n ,nBe XHIba,ne MAa,nHX nelliaKa napTHHa H ,nBe CTOTHHe KOlbaHHKa. nellIa,nHjoM je 3anOBe,nao EnHKa,n , a KOlbHUOM AraAco. 3anyTHllIe ce OHH y I1AHpHK npe CBera ,na oCAo6o,ne BacHjaHe onca,ne. 113 CBera ce Tora jacHo BHAH KaKO je ,ny6poBa'1Ka 3eMlba yseK ,naBaAa (KaKO je pe'1eHO) MY>KeBe BH'1He BojeBalbY. nOKa3aIIIe ce OHH TaKBHMa H y KacHHjHM pa3,no6IbHMa, 3a,np>KaBllIH YBeK CBOjy cAo6o,ny, HaKO HeKH MAeTa'1KH nHcUH TBp,ne cynpoTHo, O,nHOCHO ,na .lly6pOBHHK nOTna,ne no,n MAeTa'1KY BAaCT roAHHe 998. y ,no6a ,ny>KAa neTpa OpceoAa KOjH 6ejallie 3apaTHo C HepeTBIbaHHMa. Ka,n MAeUH o,nHeCOllie KOHaqHY no6e,ny y 60jy (Ka>Ke Ca6eAHKO y 2. KlbH3H 9. EHea,ne), .lly6pOB'1aHH noCAallie CBor Ha,n6HCKYna C HeKOAHKO HajHCTaKHYTHjHX nAeMHna ,na npe,najy rpa,n no,n BAaCT MAeTaqKOr ,ny>KAa KOjH Ta,na 6ejaIIIe C 6po,noBHMa y,ll.aAMaIl.HjH. Ho ry ce Ca6eAHKO Bapa, jep y TO ,no6a rpa,n .lly6pOBHHK (Kao llITO ce BH,nH 265 UapA8zycm X8Q.1!U ce C80jOM nooooOM Hao napmuHUMa. napmUHU npumeX:HY Y nOMon PuM.!baHUMa. J(y6P06t{QHU oaY8ex: .:>ICU8­ Jbaxyy C.l!o6oOu. 3a6.nyoa Hex;ux MJ!emat{­ x;ux nuca~a. 186


,il,y6poeliu1( y caee3Y C Hcmo"lJltLM LIapCTTU3OM. 3alUmo JI.y6poe'!aliu nOCJ1.alUe Mn.e1J,tLMa liao6uc1(yna U lie1(MU1(O 71JleMUna. --. H3 Lly6pOBa'1KHX AeTOrrHCa) 6ejaIlle y CaBe3Y C KOHCTaHTHHOrrOlbCKliM u;apeM BacllAHjeM ITopqmporeHeTOM, C KOjHM TaKOOep H MAe'1aHH 6Hjaxy y rrplijaTelhCTBY, a crrOMeHYTH ITeTap 6ejaIlle o,n; I:bern H3,n;ejcTBoBao o,n; I1AahaI:ba ,n;aHKa. C 063HPOM, ,n;aKAe, Ha rrpHjaTelhcTBO Lly6pOB'1aHa C TaKO MohHHM BAa,lJ;apOM, He MOPaxy ce 60jaTH HHTli HMaxy ,n;pyror pa3Aora 360r Kojer 6H cBojeBolhHo o,n; CA06o,n;HHX lhy,n;H rrOCTaAH He'1HjH rro,n;aHHU;H. ITpaBH pa3Aor Te rroceTe Ha,n;611CKYrra H .n;y6pOBa'1KHX rrAeMHha MAe'1aHHMa 6ejame cAe,n;ehH. Y paTY MAe'1aHa rrpOTHB HepeTBlhaHa .z:ry:lK,n; ITeTap OpceOAO rrOCAa ,n;eceT Aaoa ,n;a xapajy rpaHHu;aMa rrpOTHBHllKa. 'uOK OHe 6ejaxy Ha rryTY ,n;a H3BpIlle rrpHMlheHy Hape,n;6y, cycpeToIlle je,n;aH BeAHKll .n;y6pOBa'1Kll 6po,n; rrperryH TepeTa H C HeKOAliKO HepeTBlhaHCKHX TproBau;a Ha rraAy6H, Te HacpHyme Ha 6po,n; II 3arocrro,n;apllIlle I:bHMe. Ka,n; BeCT 0 TOMe CTH2Ke y Lly6POBHHK, TaMOIllI:bH ceHaT CMeCTa rrOCAa 113aCAaHCTBO CaCTaBlheHO o,n; HeKOAHKO I1AeMHha rrpe.D;BOOeHHX Ha,lJ;6HCKYITOM, HaA02KHBIllH HM (KaKO rrHIlle MHXO COAHIhaHHH y CBOjOj pacrrpaBH 0 llaAMaU;HjH, KaKO CTOjH H Y Lly6pOBa'1KHM lheTorrHCHMa) ,n;a Hajrrpe 3aMOAe MAe'1aHe, 6y.n;yhH ,n;a He 6ejaIlle pa3Aora ,n;a 6H OHH rrpHcBojHAH IhHXOBY p06y, ,n;a oCAo60,n;e crrOMeHYTll 6po,n;. AKO MOA60M He 6H rrOCTHrAH ycrrex, HaAOr 6ejaIlle ,n;a y rrpHcycTBy Ha,lJ;611CKYrra CBe'1aHO H3jaBe KaKO he ce o6paTHTH C TY2K60M rrpoTHB I:bHX KOHCTaHTHHorrOlhCKOM u;apy C KOjHM je pe'1eHo) 6ejaxy Ta,n;a y case3Y, Te KaKO he rro.n;y3eTli CBe Harrope He 6H All ,n;0611AH HaTpar IllTO HM rrpHrra,n;a. To, ,n;aKAe, 6ejaIIIe pa3Aor 360r Kora 1ly6pOB'1aHH Ta,n;a rrOCAaIlle MAe'1aHHMa cBoje I1AeMHhe C Ha,n;6HCKYrrOM, a He 3aTO ,n;a 6H ce rro,n;'1HHHAH H o,n;peKAll cA06o,n;e KaKO 6H rrOCTaAH He'1HjH rro,n;aHHU;H, Kao IllTO TBp,n;H Ca6eAHKO. Taj ayTop, HaHMe, Tpy,n;ehH ce rrOHeKa,lJ;. < paCBeTAHTH H rro,n;apHTli cAaBY MAeTa'1Koj rrOBeCTH, Ha Kpajy rrOCTHrHe caMO To,n;a OHa rrOTaMHH. BH,n;ll ce TO yocTaAOM II OB,n;e H3 I:beroBor rrpHrrOBe,n;aI:ba 0 HepeTBlhaHHMa, Koje He rrpecTaje 3BaTH Illa'1HU;OM AorrOBa jep, aKO ce He BapaM, THMe 3arrpaBO ysepaBa '1HTaOu;a KaKO cy MAe'1aHH rryHHX 170 ro,n;llHa 6HAH MY'IeHll, TprreAH Harra,n;e H, IllTO je JOIll rope, 6HAH 06aBe3aHH Ha ,n;aHaK o,n; Illa'1Hu;e AorrOBa. ITa Ca,lJ;, KaKaB yrAe,n; THMe CTH'1y MAeU;H, HeKa cy,n;e ,n;pyrH, jep ja ce BpahaM 3arr0'1eTOM H3AaraI:bY 0 Lly6POBHHKY. KaKo je pe'1eHO, rpa,n; Taj CBar,n;a 2KHBlhaIlle y cA060,n;H, a 187 TYOllHU;H He 3aBAa,n;aIlle IhHMe HHKa,n;a, ,n;o je,n;HOM, Ka,lJ; caMli ,Uy6pOB'1aHH, He 6H All ce OCAo60,n;llAH THpaHHje .n;y6pOBa'1KOr rrAeMliha ,UaMjaHa Jy,n;e, Hepa360pHTO OJ1.Ay­ '1HIlle rrpllxBaTHTH MAeTa'1KY BAaCT. ,Uoro,n;H ce TO Ha CAe­ ,n;ehH Ha'1llH, rrpeMa H3BeIllTajy <ppaH'1eCKa Cep,n;OHaTHja y llo,n;aTKY 1. KI:bH3H HCTopHje CAaBHHX MY2KeBa 1;)oBaHlija 266 BOKa'1a. ,Uy6poBa'1KOM Perry6AHKOM BAa,n;aIlle KHe3 C BP­ XOBHllM rrorAaBapCTBoM H rrpe,n;ce,n;aBajyhHM Beha, ce,n;llIll­ Te MY je Y jaBHoM KHe2KeBOM ,n;BOPY, a TaMOIllIha rocrro,n;a cy HMaAa 06H'1aj 611paTH ra H3 ro,n;HHe y ro,n;HHy. Ho Ka,n; ro,n;HHe 1260. Ha Taj rrOA02Kaj CTYITli ,UaMjaH Jy,n;a, MY2K 60rnT H xpa6ap, BAaCT MY ce TaKO YCAa,lJ;H, ,n;a rrOMliCAH JIpunoaem1(a a oy6poaa'!- KaKO 6H Morao TaKO HaCTaBliTH H 3a,lJ;p2KaTH 3a ce6e Be­ ,n;HHa TBO Ha'1HO rypaBIllH hHHY rrplijaTelhCTBo MeCTHMa. 06Be3ao CBOjHX Ha rAaCOBa rrOCTaTH CBOjOM AY2KHOCTH ce OCAaI:bajyhH rroY3,n;aHHKa, BOjHOM H H ,n;02KllBOTHH ,n;ape2KlhHBoIIIhy, HaKAOHOCT HaKOH KHe3a, CTPa2KOM, ce 3aKOHOM caKpHBIllH rro,n;MyKAo Ha H HeKOAHU;HHe HeorpaHH'1eHH IhHXOBY Ka,lJ; HaMaMlhHBaIheM o,n;peoeHor ce ,n;eo yBe,n;e HarryHH rroMoh, IhHX IhHX y BAa,lJ;ap. pOKa, rpa,lJ; Koje Ha IherOBa Kao pa3HHM H 6ejaIlle MHOIllTe yCAyH OCHKOroHa 1(OM liy JI.OMjmiY JyOu. mupaliuraMa, Crrpe'1H oKYITlbaIhe BeAliKor Beha KOjH je Tpe6aAo ,n;a 113a6pe I:beroBor HaCAe,n;HllKa II He XTe,n;e HarrYCTHTli ,n;BOp. YcrrpKOC TOMe IllTO ce rrAeMHhH y36yHHIlle H rrO'1eIlle rrpHroBapaTH, OH HX My,n;POIllhy II AYKaBOIllhy CBOjOM YMHpH, ysepHBIllH HX KaKO rroCT)'rra TaKO CaMO 3aTO ,n;a 6H rrpeopraHH30Bao H ,n;OBeo y pe,n; HajBehHM ,n;eAoM HCKBapeHY H rroTKYrrlheHY BAaCT H ,n;a 6H yKAOHHO pa3,n;ope Meoy rrAeMHhHMa, HaKOH '1era he ce rroByhH C rrOA02Kaja H H3 jaBHor 2KHBOTa. IToBepaBaIlle My THM AaKIlle YTOAHKO IllTO OH He HMa,lJ;e MyIllKO rrOTOMCTBO. HaCAYTH, MeOYTllM, ,n;a ,n;eo I1AeMHha, a HapO'1HTO OHH H3 6pojHe rropo,n;Hu;e B06alheBH- JIopOOu1J,a ha, 60raTe CBaKOBPCHOM llMOBHHOM H MY2KeBHMa rrpllBp- Bo6aJbeeun cynpomcmaau 2KeHHM . CAO6O,n;H, OTBopeHO roBope rrpOTHB TeI:beroBe ce mupaliuliy. THpaHHJe H 6e30'1HHX Aa2KH H ,n;a He MOry II He 2KeAe Tprre- . TH TO, Te H3,n;a TajHY Hape,n;6y 3arrOBe,n;HHKY ,n;BopCKe CTpa2Ke faIllrrapy YrpHHY (rocrro,n;a .n;y6pOBa'1Ka HeMajy 06H'1aj ,n;p2KaTH HHKaKBe ,n;pyre rroAHu;aju;e, Beh ce CAY2Ke BOjHHU;HMa cBoje CTpa2Ke H 3a xarrIlleIha) ,n;a HX yxllTH II 3aTBopH y TaMHHIJ;y. Ho famrrap, KOjH ce 360r rrpHMlheHHX ,n;06po­ '1HHCTaBa ocjehao AY2KHHKOM KYhe B06alheBHh, a Kao '1ecTHT '1OBeK Mp3HO THpaHHHa, rrpeKO je,n;Hor HM MOHaxa, rroIllTeHor '1OBeKa, TajHo rropyqH IllTa My TllpaHHH 6ejaIlle 188 Hape,n;llO. Ha TO CKYrrHHa MAa,lJ;HX rrAeMliha KPllIllOM rro6e2Ke y BocHY, a MeOY IhHMa 6ejaxy BAaxO B06alheBHh, Kao H ,n;BojHu;a 6pahe H3 HCTe rropo,n;Hu;e, BOA'1O H ,UOMaIha; CBa TpojHu;a B06alheBHha 6ejaxy MAa,lJ;HhH 06,n;apeHH MHorHM BpAHHaMa H BeAHKOM xpa6poIllhy. THpaHliH HX rrporHa, rra Ka,lJ; My ce yqHHH ,n;a HeMa BHIlle o,n; '1era CTpaxoBaTH, rrO'1e OXOAO BAa,lJ;aTH H yrrpaBlhaTH CBHMe KaKO ce IheMY rrpOXTe, 6e3 llMaAO rrOIllTOBaI:ba rrpeMa HKOMe. CAY2KHO ce BOjHHU;HMa,n;a rrymTao roBa CTpaxoBAa,lJ;a 3aCTpaIllH ,n;a ce oKYrre 'IAaHOBe rroTpaja H ,n;a ,n;P2KH ceHaTa BHIlle Ha o,n; KojHMa 267 Y3,n;H ,n;Be ro,n;HHe rrAeMHhe. HHKaKO y3 HHje orrIIITH Ta Ihe­ ,n;0­


llemap BeHeUla oCJW6oau.nalJ. 189 ... rHeB rpa1)aHa H 60A 'laK H lberOBHX BAaCTHTHX po1)aKa, 'lHja lby6aB npeMa CAo6o,n:H H OnliIToj ,n:06po6HTH 6ejaIIle ja'la O,n: PO,n:6HHCKe Be3e. TaKo THpaHOB 3eT DeTap BeHeIIla, MAa,n:Hh cjajHora ,n:yxa, n03Ba y CBOj ,n:OM Ha TajHH CaCTaHaK HeKOAHKO HajB8.)KHHjHX 'lAaHOBa CeHaTa H ,n:pyre nAeMHhe, Te ce nOT}'}KH Ha TaCTOBY OnaKOCT. CBH ce CAO)KHIIle C H>HM, H3jaBlbyjyhH ,n:a cy CnpeMHH OCTBapHTH H>eroBe HaMepe H HCKOpeHHTH THpaHHjy, Te CTOra 6H oMyqeHO,n:a BeHeIIla, KaO THpaHHHY HajMalbe CYMH>HB 'lOBeK, npeY3Me Ha ce6e Ty ,ll"Y}KHOCT. By.nyhH ,n:a HM ce 'lHHHAO KaKO HeMa CmypHOr nyTa KOjHM 6H MOrAH OTBOpeHO H ,n:HpeKTHO CnpOBeCTH y ,n:eAO CBOjy HaMepy, oMyqHIIle (Balba pehH, CynPOTHO MHIIllbelbY MHxa H BHTa Bo6albeBHha KOjH cy CMaTpaAH ,n:a je MHOro 'laCHHje ,n:a CaMH nAeMHhH BAaCTHTHM pYKaMa YKAOHe THpaHHHa C OBora CBeTa) ,n:a he BeHeIIla, KOjH H npe rora 6ejaIIle HeKOAHKO ro,n:HHa 6opaBHo y MAell.HMa 360r CBOjHX TproBa'lKHX nOCAOBa H oejaIIle no3HaT HajBeheM ,n:eAy TaMOIIllbe BAaCTeAe, OTHhH TaMO no,n: H3rOBopoM Ae'lelba HeKe AaKIIle oOAeCTH H yje,n:Ho Ha,n:rAe­ ,n:ao cBoje nOCAOBe. Ho, 3anpaBo OH y TajHocTH 3aTp8.)KHO nOMoh MAe'laHa KojHMa OH 3aY3BpaT nOHy,n:Ho ,n:a he .lly6pOB'laHH yoy.nyhe npHXBaTHTH MAeTa'lKOr KHe3a. Toj ce H,n:ejH H ,n:albe npoTHBHIIle cnoMeHYTH MHXO H BHTO Bo6albeBHh, CTapll.H BeAHKe My,n:POCTH, HCKYCHH M}'}KeBH BH'lHH ,n:p)KaBHH'lKHM nOCAOBHMa, O'leBH TpojHll.e MAa,n:Hha 3a Koje CMO peKAH ,n:a 6exy nporHaHH o,n: THpaHHHa. Y3 OCTaAe pa3Aore, HaBo,n:HAH cy OHH TaKo1)e onaCHOCT ,n:a ce nOTna,n:He no,n: TY1)HHCKH japaM H rOBopaxy KaKO je BeAHKa cpaMOTa ,n:pyroMe ce no,n:'lHHHTH Ka,n: caMH MOry 'laCHO H3­ 6ehH poncTBo H JKHBeTH y CAOOO,n:H. DpeBarHY, Me1)YTHM, MHIIllbelbe BehHHe, Oy.nyhH ,n:a ce Taj nyT 'lHHHO AaKIIlHM H Malbe onaCHHM. BeHeIIla ,n:pare BOlbe o,n:e y MAeTKe, Te· HaKOH IIlro 6H yse,n:eH y ceHaT H oojacHHBIIlH pa3Aore CBor npHcyCTBa, H3,n:ejCTBoBa ,n:a MAe'laHH y3 ooehaH>e HaBe,n:eHe Harpa,n:e 3a CBOj Tpy,n: H TpOIIlKOBe npHXBaTe Taj no­ ,n:yxBaT. Ha caBeT CaMora BeHeIIle H y CKAa.ny C HaMepaMa ,n:oroBopeHHM JOIIl Y .lly6pOBHHKY yqHHH HM ce eqmKaCHHM nOCTYnaTH AYKaBO H llpHKpHBeHO. Crora npHBH,n:HO H3aopaIIle ,n:BOjHll.Y H3aCAaHHKa npaBehH ce Kao ,n:a HX IIlalbY KOHCTaHTHHonOlbCKOM 6po HHll.HMa (KOjH oncKp6lbeHe ce HCTHM Hape,n:HIIle THM KaKO ,n:a raAHjaMa Op}'}KjeM, 'lHHe ll.apy CBe H BpaTH ,n:a,n:OIIle TaKO KaKO KYhH). H HM lby,n:HMa. HM HaAO)KH ,n:Be BpaTHBIIlH raAHje 3anOBe,n:­ BeHeIIla ,n:oce ,n:aKAe KYhH, BeHeIIla pe'le TaCTY ,n:a MAeTa'lKH H3aCAaHHll.H y npOAa3Y Tpeoa ,n:a nperoBapajy C lbHM 0 HeKHM llOCAOBHMa, Te ra 3aMOAH ,n:a npHpe,n:H 3a H>HX r030y, jep OH MY npHjaTelbcTBO H>HXOBO OHAO Ha 'laCT H o,n: KOpHCTH . .QaMjaH 268 HX YHCTHHY yroCTH npHpe,n:HBIIlH KpacaH o6e,n: H BeAHKO CAaBlbe H o,n:aBIIlH HM HajBHIIle llO'laCTH. D pe,n:Be'le ce MAe'laHH BpaTHIIle Ha cBoje raAHje, a cAe,n:ehera jYTpa nOCAaIIle THpaHHHY l103HB ,n:a ,n:01)e Ha raAHje 3aoaBHTH ce, ooe,n:OBaTH C H>HMa H BH,n:eTH npe,n:HBHe H paCKOIIlHe ,n:apoBe Koje MAeTa'lKH ceHaT IIlalbe ll.apy. He CYMlbajyhH Ha llpeBapy, ,n:OnyCTH 3eTY ,n:a ra HaroBopH ,n:a llpHXBaTH llO3HB. Ka,n: ce ynyTH Ha raAHjy, H3aCAaHHll.H MY H3a1)oIIle y cycpeT,n:a ra ,n:O'leKajy, Te ra npHMHIIle y3 BeAHKe nO'laCTH. qHM ce THpaHHH nOlle Ha llaAYOY, 3anOBe,n:HHll.H raAHja npeTBapaIIle ce Kao ,n:a )KeAe OTHhH y ,n:pyry AYKY, Te Hape,n:HIIle ,n:a ce no,n:HrHY cH,n:pa, HaKOH 'lera ce BecAajyhH y,n:albHIIle o,n: rpa,n:a. Ka,n: ce Ha1)oIIle Ha o,n:pe1)eHoj y,n:albeHOCTH o,n: KOllHa, CBe3aIIle H 3apooHIIle THpaHHHa. YBH,n:eBIIlH ,n:a je H3ry6HO rOCllo,n:CTBO cBoje H cAo6o.ny, ,n:a je caBAa­ ,n:aH, )KaAehH ce Heoy Ha 3eroBo H Ha MAeTa'lKO BepoAoMCTBO, HMajyhH Ha YMY BHIIle H3ryolbeHY BeAH'lHHY Hero XPHIIlhaHcKY ~HOCT, no,n:CTaKHYT O'lajeM BHIIle nyTa CH8)KHO y,n:apH rAaBOM 0 ,n:PBO Ha KpMH, Te TaKO HanYCTH OBaj CBeT H llPH,n:P}'}KH ce MpTBHMa y H>HXOBOj ro30H. BeHeIIla ce C raAHjaMa BpaTH y ,ny6pOBHHK, r,n:e 3aBepeHHll.H ,n:03HaBIIlH 3a THpaHHHOBY CMPT KAHKHYIIle YCKAHKOM CAO6o,n:e, a Hapo,n: noxapa ,n:BOP H CBe THPaHHHOBO. OKYllH ce Ta,n:a BeAHKO Behe; llPOTHBHO )KelbaMa BOOalbeBHha KOjH ce YCllPoTHBHIIle lberoBHM HaYMHMa, )KeAehH ,n:a .nyopoBa'fKa BAaCTeAa nOHOBHO y nOTnYHocTH npey3Me ~HOCT ynpaBlbalba ,n:P)KaBOM 6e3 ynAeTaH>a H MeIIlalba TY1)HHall.a, BHjehe Ha HaroBop BeHeIIlHH H He )KeAehH ,n:OOPH lby,n:H ,n:a npeKpIIle ooehalbe ,n:aro MAe'laHHMa, npHxBaTH 3a KHe3a je,n:Hora o,n: ,n:BojHll.e A8)KHHX H3aCAaHHKa, a oeIIle TO MapKO .QaH,n:OAO, y3 YCAOB ,n:a He MO)Ke HHIIlTa no.ny3eTH 6e3 3Halba H HaAora ceHaTa. Ta ce 30HBalba npeMa HeKHMa CMeIIlTajy y ro,n:HHY 1262, a llpeMa ,n:pymMa y 1215. He,n:oCTaTaK pa30opHTOCTH nonyT Te KO,n: ,nyopOB'laHa, HaKOH HeKOAHKO ro,n:HHa nOKa3aIIle TaKo1)e H Cf>HpeHTHHll.H. Ka,n: Me1)y lbHMa ,n:01)e ,n:o BeAHKor pa3,n:opa (KaKo nHIIle 1)oBaHH BHAaHH y 68. norAaBlbY 8. KlbHre), n03BaIIle cyce,n:e H3 rpa,n:a I\YKe ,n:a ynpaBlbajy rpa,n:oM. Ho ,ny0POB­ 'laHH MAeTa'lKOM KHe3y, TaKO ,n:yro ,n:OK ce 3a,n:p)Ka Me1)y H>HMa, He ,n:OnyrnTaxy (KaKO je pe'leHO) ,n:a ynpaBlba jaBHHM nHTaH>HMa, a He OH My ,n:onYIIlTeHO HH ,n:p)KaTH BHIIle o,n: 'leTHpH cAyre, KOjH He 6exy HH llOAHll.ajll.H, HH BOjHHll.H. YKpaTKO, HCKa3HBaxy My TaKO MaAO nOIIlTOBalba ,n:a je,n:­ Hora ,n:aHa y KaTe,n:paAH HacpHY Ha H>era je,n:aH nAeMHh H3 KYhe CapaKa, a Ka,n: ce OH BHIIle nyTa nO)KaAH Ha Taj ,n:ora1)aj npe,n: ,n:y6poBa'lKHM ceHaTOM, lberOBe pe'lH He HaH1)oIIle HH Ha KaKaB o.rrjeK. Y3a CBe TO, n03HBajyhH ce Ha ,n:oAa3aK 'leTHpH MAeTa'lKe raAHje Koje .lly6pOB'laHH 6ejaxy 269 ,l!aMujaH JyiJa CaM ce6u oiJy 3e .:>ICUGOm. 190 roiJuHe 1303. <PupeHmUHIJU n030GY cyceiJe U3 z:paiJa lIyKe iJa ynpa6Jbajy z:paiJoM.


,n:OBeAH y rpa,n: He 6H AH ce OCAo6o,n:HAH THpaHHHa, HeKH cy rrHCU:H HarrHCaAH MHoro H3MHIIllhOTHHa. Me1)y lhHMa je H Ca6eAHKO KOjH y 5. KlhH3H 9. EHea,n:e rrHIIle KaKO TOMa3o MOP03HHH, rrOCTaBlheH 3a KOHCTaHTHHorrOlhCKor rraTpHjapxa, Ha rryry y cBoje rrpe6HBaAHIIlTe C T.JeTHpH MAeTaT.JKe raAHje rrOHOBO OCBOjH ,ay6POBHHK. Ty MH ce T.JHHH ,n:a Ca6eAHKO 2KeAH H3ByhH ,n:Ba 3aKlhyqKa: rrpBo, ,n:a je ,ay6pOBHHK H rrpe Tora 6HO rro,n: MAeTaT.JKOM BAaIIlhy, ,n:a 6H ce 3aTHM rro6YHHo, H ,n:pyro, ,n:a je y BpeMe ,n:OAaCKa Te T.JeTHpH raAHje, IIlTO ce 36HAO OKO 1208, Taj rpa,n: 6HO TaKO cAa6 H pacrrOAarao TaKO He3HaTHHM CHaraMa ,n:a cy T.JeTHpH raAHje 6HAe ,n:oBolhHe ,n:a My YTepajy CTpax H HaTepajy ra Ha rrpe­ ,n:ajy. Ho Bapa ce H y rrpBoM H y ,n:pyroM cAyqajy, jep rpa,n: L{y6pOBHHK o,n: caMora rrOT.JeTKa YBeK 3a,n:p2Ka HeTaKHYTOM CBOjy cAo6o.n:y, a Ka,n: y lheroBY AYKY YIIAOBHIIle T.JeTHpH MAeTaT.JKe raAHje, .n:y6pOBaT.JKe CHare 6ejaxy TaKBe ,n:a 6H AaKO MorAe o,n:OAeTH He caMO lhHMa, Hero CBe H ,n:a HX 6eIIle BHIIle o,n: CTOTHHY, Kao IIlTO ce YOCTaAOM 6ejaIIle ,n:oro,n:HAO 350 ro,n:HHa rrpe Tora, Ka,n: ce ,ay6pOBT.JaHH 6ejaxy xpa6po o,n:6paHHAH o,n: capau:eHcKe cpAoTe H3 KapTarHHe. MCTH TH Capau:eHH, OTIIAOBHBIIlH H3 ,ay6poBHHKa 3aY3eIIle HeKOAHKO MeCTa y ArryAHjH, Te KOHCTaHTHHorrOlhCKH u:ap rrOCAa Ha lhHX CTOTHHY HaoPY2KaHHx 6po,n:oBa. Ho Ka.D: yBH,n:e ,n:a HH TO HHje ,n:OBOlhHO ,n:a 6H HM ce o.n:yrrpo, 3aTpa2KH rroMoh o,n: ,ay6pOBT.JaHa (Kao IIlTO CMO Beh rrOKa3aAH HaBo,n:ehH cBe,n:OT.Jelhe Ke,n:peHa). ,lla cy ,ay6pOBT.JaHH y TO BpeMe 6HAH Ha TaKO cAa60M rAacy KaKO TO TBp,n:H Ca6eAHKO, TeIIlKO 6H Ca6eJtwcoBa . 3a6Jtyoa. 6HAO rrOBepOBaTH ,n:a 6H ce Je,n:aH KOHCTaHTHHorrOlhCKH u:ap y,n:OCTOjHO 6HAO IIlTO Tpa2KHTH o,n: lhHX. JaCHO je ,n:aKAe ,n:a ce Ca6eAHKO, KaKO Ha TOM, TaKO H Ha MHorHM ,n:pyrHM MeCTHMa r,n:e rOBopH O,ay6pOBHHKY, rp,n:HO Bapa, OCHM aKO HHje CBe TO HarrHcao CaMO 3aTO ,n:a KOMrroHyje (KaKO ce TO' Ka2Ke) rreCMY 3a HeT.JHje yIIlH. Y HaIIle BpeMe yqHHH TO H qe3ape KaMrraHa, KOjH y 15. KlhH3H 2. CBeCKe rrHIIle KaKO 191 ro,n:HHe 1594. ,ay6pOBT.JaHH, 60jehH ce ,n:a 6H 3arrOBe,n:HHK TYPcKe cpAoTe qHKaAa Morao, KaKO cy rOBOpHAe rAaCHHe, HaHeTH IIlTery lhHXOBOj Perry6AHU:H, rrOCAaIIle MOA6y MAeT.JaHHMa ,n:a HM rroMorHY y TaKO 3AOK06HHM BpeMeHHMa, H3­ jaBlhyjyhH ,n:a he ce pa,n:Hje rroKopHTH MAeU:HMa Hero HeBepHHU:HMa. KOAHKO KaMrraHHHe TBp,n:lhe rrpOTHBpeT.Je HCTHHH MOry BepHO rrOCBe,n:OT.JHTH He caMO OHH KOjH yrrpaBo y TO ,n:06a 6exy y ,ay6pOBHHKY, r,n:e He 6eIIle Tpara CTpaxy, Beh H CaMH MAeT.JaHH 60lhe o,n: HKora ,n:pyror, 6y.n:yhH ,n:a HHje TaT.JHO ,n:a HM ,ay6pOBaT.JKa Perry6AHKa, HH rryTeM rrHcaMa, a HH rrpeKo CBOjHX H3acAaHHKa, HHTH Ha KOjH ,n:pyrH HaT.JHH, 06paTHAa 3a rroMoh, H TO He caMO lhHMa Hero ce HH IIlrraHCKOM KpalbY HH rrarrH He 6H y Toj rrpHAHU:H 6HAa 06paTHAa 3a rroMoh. He Ka2KeM TO 3aTO IIlTO HM ce He 6H 270 r' 06paTHAa y HY2K.ll:H, CHrypHa ,n:a he joj rrpHCKOT.JHTH y rroMoh MaKap 360r corrCTeBHHX HHTepeca, Beh 360r Tora IIlTO ,ay6pOBT.JaHH 6ejaxy caCBHM CHryPHH ,n:a rrOMeHYTa cpAoTa HHje 6HAa YCMepeHa rrpoTHB lhHX H T.JaK ,n:a HHje 6HAa Ha rryTy 3a Ja,n:paHCKO Mope. HapaBHO ,n:a je TaT.JHO ,n:a ,ay6pOBT.JaHH, Ka,n: ce rrpOHece rAac ,n:a je qHKaAa rrOCAaH y rroxo,n: rrpOTHB lhHXOBor rpa,n:a HAH rraK rrpOTHB celhCKHX ycKOKa, He Mora,n:OIIle (Kao HH MAeT.JaHH, HH MopHapHu:e CHU:HAHje H HarrYlha, KojHMa pa3yM TaKO HaAaraIIIe ,n:a yqHHe H KOjH TaKO H yqHHHIIle) Hero 3a CBaKH cAyqaj rrOOIIlTpHIIle orrpe3. HeKa MH ,n:albe orrpOCTH KaMrraHa, aAH lherOBa rpeIIlKa ce caCTojH y TOMe IIlTO je, Kao ,n:a je HCTHHa, HarrHcao OHO IIlTO ,ay6pOBT.JaHHMa HHKa,n:a He 6H rraAO Ha rraMeT. lhHXOB rpa,n:, KaKO cy ce MelhaAa BpeMeHa, ,n:02KHBe H rrpoMeHe cy,n:6HHe, paToBaIIle, 6eIIle y caBe3Y ca MHorHM KHe2KeBHMa H y HY2K.ll:H HM rrpY2KH rroTpe6HY rroMoh. npeM,n:a ce cehalhe Ha MHore rro.n:yxBaTe ,ay6pOBT.JaHa caCBHM H3ry6HO, 3Ha ce HrraK ,n:a ro,n:HHe 1075. Kpalb PaIIlKe H Cp6Hje BO,n:HH 3apaTH rrpoTHB rpa,n:a ,ay6poBHHKa, ,n:a 6H ra 3aTHM HerrpeKH,n:Ho ,n:p2Kao rro,n: orrca,n:OM rryHHx ce,n:aM ro,n:HHa, ,n:OK CTaHOBHHU:H YHYTap 3H,n:HHa He rrpe.n:y3eIIle HHIIlTa, KaKO He 6H rrora3HAH peT.J ,n:ary BO,n:HHOBHM HehaU:HMa 360r KOjHX OH H 6ejaIIle rrOBeo Taj paT. Y HCTOM pa3,n:06lhY ,ay6pOBT.JaHH rrpOIIlHpHIIle CBOj rpa,n:. Y BpeMe paTa Po6epTa rBHCKapa, BojBo,n:e o,n: ArryAHje, C u:apeM AAeKcHjeM KOMHeHOM H C MAeT.JaHHMa, ,ay6pOBHHK 3aje,n:HO C HeKOAHKO ,n:pyrHx ,n:aAMaTHHCKHX rpa,n:OBa rrpHCTa y3 Po6epTa. OH Ta­ ,n:a (KaKO rrHIIle BaATa3ap CIIAHhaHHH y nOCTaHKY CIIAHTa) ,n:06H o,n: ,ay6pOBT.JaHa ,n:Be raAHje, a o,n: CrrAHhaHa je,n:HY· CYKo6HBIIlH ce C AAeKcHjeBoM H C MAeTaT.JKOM CPAOTOM KO,n: ,llpaT.Ja, .n:y6pOBaT.JKa 3arrOBe,n:HHT.JKa raAHja ce C}'K06H C raAHjOM u:apa AAeKcHja, rrpH T.JeMY ce ,ay6pOBT.JaHH (KaKO rrHIIle HCTH CIIAHhaHHH) rrOKa3aIIle y 6op6H TaKO BeIIlTHMa H xpa6pHMa ,n:a Beh 6ejaxy roTOBO CBAa,n:aAH u:apcKY raAHjy Ka,n: je,n:aH .n:y6pOBaT.JKH BOjHHK, rrpeIIlaBIIlH Ha KPMY, XTe,n:e y6HTH u:apa, HO 3a,n:p2Ka ra lheroB KarreTaH KOjH, BH,n:eBIIlH IIlTO ce ,n:ora1)a, BHKHy Ha caB rAac,n:a He T.JHHH TO, jep je TO u:ap. He.n:yro HaKOH Tora ,ay6pOBT.JaHH cryrrHIIle y paT Ha KorrHY C HepeTBlhaHHMa, Te 1148. rroTYKoIIle BOjCKY rro,n: 3arrOBe,n:HHIIlTBOM MHpocAaBa, 6paTa paIIlKor BojBo,n:e ,llece, H TO KO,n: nOlhHu:a, MeCTa Koje je ,n:aHac .n:y6pOBaT.JKa AyKa y AA6aHHjH. rO,n:HHe 1160. 6exy y pary C KpalbeM BOPHheM, KOjH ce Ta,n:a Ha3HBaIIle 60caHcKHM 6aHOM, Te ra caBAa,n:aIIle y 6HU:H KO,n: Tpe6Hlha. ,lla,n:OIIle ro,n:HHe 1253. ,n:eceT Aa1)a Kao rroMoh MAeTaT.JKOM .n:y2K.n:y PHHHepHjy rrpoTHB 1)eHoBlhaHa y 6HU:H KO,n: AKpHja H CKAOrrHIIle HOBe crropa3YMe C KOHCTaHTHHorrOlhCKHM u:apOM MHXaHAOM naAeOAOrOM. Ka,n: Kpalb AparoHa neTap 6eIIle y paTy C HarrylhcKHM 271 KpQJb EOOuH nOBeoepam npomUB ,l!y6pOBHWca. ,l!y6pOBHWC ce Wupu. ,l!y6pOB'W.HU cmyne y CaBe3 c P06epmo.M. rBuClcapO.M.. AJt6epm KpaHlj,y 4. 2llaBJbY /CQJlCe je /C/-bU3U, BaHoaJtuje oa 9. y no­CBO­mo /Co 6ewe o06a c/CUX OaJt.M.amUH2paooBa He/COJtuy CaBe3Y cc P06epmo.M.. 192 ,l!y6pOB'W.HU cy ypamy c HepemBJbaHU .M.a. JIomy/Cy MupOCJtaBa /C02 BOjBOOY pawU 60caHc/c02 6aHa. JIpy:JKe nO.M.on Mn.e1j,U.M.a npomUB ']jeHOBJbaHa. JIO.M.02Hyapa­20HC/CO.M. Jby JIempy. /Cpa­


r KpaJbeM KapAOM AmKyjcKHM, ~6pOB'IaHH rrpY)KHllle rroMoh KpaJby TIeTpy, Te rrpHMHIlle BeAHK)' 3axBaAHOCT O,n a.eroBor CHHa KPaJba ct>pH,npHKa. rO,nHHe rraK 1320. rrpH- Uap AHOPOHWC lLM OooeJlU MHIlle o,n u:apa AH,npoHHKa MHore rrOBAaCTHu:e H BeAHK)' MHoze 3axBaAHOCT, a IIITO je HajBaJKHHje, 6ejaxy oCA060ueHH IIAan06JlacmUlJe. haa.a ,naJK6HHa Ha rro,npyqjy 'IHTaBOr a.eroBor u:apcTBa. rO,nHHe 1322. ~6pOB'IaHH paToBaxy ca CHHOBHMa BpaHH­ Pamyjy c Boja, rocrro,napa CToHa, Kao H C YCKOU:HMa H3 OMHIlla, a zocnooapoM CmOHa. 1358. ro,nHHe CKAOrrHIlle caBe3 C yrapcKHM KpaJbeM Ay,noBHKOM. HaKOH Tora 3apaTHIlle C BA(1AHCAaBOM, KHe30M )')KH'IKHM, a 3aTHM C a.erOBHM HehaKoM HHKOAOM AATOMaHOBHheM. 4y6post{aHu PaT H3MeUY ~6pOB'IaHa H KOTopaHa 3arrO'Ie 1361. H nomyKY 3a BpeMe a.erOBor Tpajaa.a 6exy H3BpIlleHH BeAHKH rroEa..:71W3apa, KOlhH H C je,nHe H C ,npyre cTpaHe. He.nyro HaKOH Tora HHSOjClCosooy sojsooe KOAa Ka60ra, rrOCAaH y rroxo,n C 6po,noBHMa rro HaAOry ceAfUlCyjclCoz. HaTa, rroTyqe BaATa3apa, KarreTaHa y CA)')K6H BojBo,ne AyMamuja Jjyp_ ,nOBHKa AH)K)'jcKor KOjH rycapHIlle 3aAHBOM Harr(1AajyhH oeeun uoe TprOBa'IKe 6po,noBe. Ka,n MAe'IaHH H 1)eHoBlhaHH rrOHOBHO y nOMon cTyrrHIlle y paT, ~6pOB'IaHH rrOCAaIlle y rroMoh 1)eHoBlhaJjeHOB.1baHlLMa, HHMa ,nBe raAHje rro,n 3arrOBe,nHHIIITBOM MaTHje 1)ypue­ zOOuHe 1372. . BHha, KOJH ce TaKO O,nAH'IHO rrOKa3a y TOM rro.nyXBaT)' ,na JjeHosa My yseAHKO rrpOCAaBH CBOjy rropo,nHU:Y 1)YPueBHha, a ce6H y oooeJlU 6 6 6 nJte.MunlCY MaAO BpeMeHa 0 e3 e,nH CAaBHO HMe ,nOBeKa. Perry AHKa mumyJly. 1)eHoBa My 3aTO ,no,neAH IIAeMHhKH HaCAOB, Kao IIITO ce BH4y6post{aHu ,nH H3 rrOBAaCTHu:e KOjy 1)ypueBHhH jOIll YBeK 'Iysajy y ~­ 3ap06e oesem 6pOBHHK)'. ~6pOBa'IKHM rrpHMopjeM xapaxy 3aTHM ,nBe cjJpaHlJYclCUX raAHje BojBo,ne AmK)'jcKor, a ~6pOB'IaHH HX 3ap06HIlle y 6apoHa u AYU:H 1)YAHaHa. Ha raAHjaMa 6ejaIlle ,neBeT 6apOHa, a ~~~y 6 Mapece.Jb. cppaHu:ycKH KpaJb KapAo VI. 0 eha 3a a.HX OTK)'rrHHHY o,n 193,nBeCTa xHlh(1Aa .nyKaTa. ~6pOBa'IKH ceHaT HX MeU)'THM 4y6post{aHu OCA060,nH 6e3 OTK)'rrHHHe H je,nHOM HX raAHjoM rrOCAa Y< nOMomy. Mapcelh. rO,nHHe 1398. H 1399. CIIAHhaHH rrpoTepaIlle TacnJtumCICOj . . n.,6 h 6JlacmeJtu. MOIlla.y BAaCTeAY, KOJOJ """"'" pOB'IaHH rrOCAaIIIe y rrOMO Hey pamy C ICpa- KOAHKO raAHja, Te BpaTHIlle Perry6AHK)' rrAeMHhHMa. Bo­ .1be.M OcmojoM. caHCKH KpaJb OCToja 1404. rroBe,ne paT C ~6pOB'IaHHMa. fIomylCY zaJluje illeCT ro,nHHa KacHHje rro,n BOUCTBOM AH,npHje BOA'IHha rroHany.1bClCoz . ICpa.1ba T)'KOIlle Ha,nOMaK KOp'IYAe ,neBeT raAHJa HarrYlhCKor KPaJba BJlaOuCJlasa BA(1AHCAaBa Koje oBaj 6ejaIlle rrOCAao y KOTOP Kao rroTrropy CJlOSeHa. 60caHCKOM KpaJby OCTOjH. rO,nHHe 1413. HCTepaIlle C Omepajy KOp'IYAe, XBapa, BHca H Bpa'Ia BojHe rroca,ne CIIAHTCKOr nocaoe . X· B h CnJtUmclCOZ BOJBo,ne pBoJa yK'fH a, Te 3arocrro,napHIlle HaBe,neHHM sojsooe Xpsoja. OTOU:HMa Koje 3aTHM y pOK)' o,n TpH HAH 'IeTHpH ro,nHHe Ooynpy ce rrpe,naIlle BA(1AHCAaBy, BHTe3Y u:apa H yrapcKor KPaJba PaooCJlasy )KHrMYH,na. C P(1AOCaBOM TIaBAoBHheM 1430. ~6pOB'IaHH fIasJlosuny. Y case3Y ca rrOBe,nOIlle paT 3a KOHaBAe. rO,nHHe 1444. cTyrrHIlle y caBe3 3anaOH:>at{lClLM ca 3arra,na.a'IKHM KHe)KeBHMa H rrOCAaIlle y BapHY ,nEe raICHe.JK:eSlLMa. AHje rrpoTHB HeBepHHKa. CTjerraH Koca'Ia, BojBo,na CBeTor 272 CaBe, rrOBe,ne 1451. paT rrpOTHB ~6pOB'IaHa. OHH rraK HaKOH Tora, ro,nHHe 1464, CTyrrHIlle y caBe3 C rrarrOM TIHJOM II. rrpOTHB Beh crrOMeHYTHX HeBepHHKa, HO K(1A rrarra JYAHje II. 3apaTH C MAe'IaHHMa, ~6pOB'IaHH rrpHCTaIlle y3 OBe ,npyre, Te HM Kao rroMoh rrOCAaIlle ,nBe haue Kpu:aTe )KHTOM. MAe'IaHH 3aTHM 3apaTHIlle C AACPOHCOM, BOjBO,nOM o,n ct>eppape, a ~6pOB'IaHH C 063HPOM Ha rrpHjaTelhCTBO C K)'hOM ECTe, rrpHTeKoIlle y rroMoh BOjBO,nH. ~6pOB'IaHH 3aTHM 1519. ro,nHHe rrOCAaIlle C CPAOTOM AH,nPHjy UpHjeBHha,na rrpoTjepa [HBaHoBu:a] JaHau:a, BHTe3a C Po,na KOjH HM 3(1AaBaIlle M)'Ke y .ny6pOBa'IKOM rrpHMopjy. ~6pOB­ 'IaHHH ra ,noCTHrHY H3BaH rro,npyqja y oBAaIllhea.y Po,na, rroTyqe ra H 0.ny3e MY)KHBOT. Y paT)' H3Meuy TypaKa H MAe'IaHa, ~pOB'IaHH ce 1539. ro,nHHe CTaBHIlle y CA)')K6y CBOjHX caBe3HHKa C 6pojHHM AauaMa H rrOKa3aIlle BeAHK)' xpa6pocT y 6HU:H KO,n TIpeBeca. Y 6HU:H KO,n rep6Hja ro,nHHe 1559. BeAHK 6poj .ny6pOBa'IKHX Aaua rrpHTeKHY y rroMoh KaTOAH'IKOM KPaJby. rO,nHHe 1566, Ka,na y ~6pOBHHK)' KHe3 6HjaIlle TIeTap JaKOBlheB AYKapHh, cpAoTa TypCKor KPaJba CYAejMaHa ca,TaBlheHa o,n 120 raAHja CTH)Ke CBe ,no rro,n 3H,nHHe ~6poBHHKa, a rpabaHH ce, cyMa.ajyhH Ha HeK)' rrpeBapy BapBapa, Haop)')KaIlle 3a 06paHY. rO,nHHe 1590. EHexaH, CaHI,IaK-6er TypCKor cYATaHa MypaTa, C BeAHKHM 6pojeM CBOjHX lhy,nH CTH)Ke Ha .ny6pOBa'IKe rpaHHu:e HaCTojehH y3aAy,nHHM H HeYTeMelheHHM 3axTeBHMa rrpHcBojHTH a.HXOBY KOHaBocK)' )K)'rraHHjy. Ho ~6pOB'IaHH HarrpOTHB OK)'rrHIlle MHOIIITBO lhy,nH H rrOCTaBHIlle 3a 3arrOBe,nHHKe BaAeHTHHa OpcaToBa 1)YPueBHha, JyHHja BepHap,noBa UpHjeBHha H HHKOAY Ce6aCTHjaHoBa MeH'IeTHha, CBe pe­ ,nOM ,nOCTojaHcTBeHe ceHaTope H M)')KeBe BeAHKe My,npOCTH. TIoHeIlle ce OHH y TOM rro.nyxBaTY TaKO ,na C 'IHTaBOr .ny6pOBa'IKOr rro,npyqja HCTepaIlle EHexaHa H oCA060,nHIlle cTpaxa rp(1A ~6pOBHHK. Y rrpOIIIAOCTH Taj rpa,n, rOTOBO o,n caMor CBor YTeMelhea.a, 6ejaIlle )'TO'IHIIITe HecpehHHU:HMa, Te H a.eMY rrpHAH'IH (KaKO H3AO)KH TIaoAo AHueAO, ,npa'IKH H(1A6HCK)'rr, KO,n MapHHa BapAeTHja) OHO IIITO 6H pe'IeHO 3a PHM, TO jecT ,na 6ejaIIIe 3aKAOH H ,nOMOBHHa CMpTHHKa. MaKO 6H ce OB,ne MorAO rrp)')KHTH 6e36poj rrpHMepa TOMe y rrpHAor, ja hy HX HrraK, KaKO He 6HX ,nOC(1AHO 'IHTaou:y, HaBeCTH TeK HeKOAHKO. TIPBH, KOAHKO ja 3HaM, 6H CHABeCTap, CHH ,naAMaTHHCKor KPaJba TIpeAeMHpa; 6e)KehH 3aje,nHO C MajKoM rrpe,n rHeBOM rro,naHHKa, rrpOHaue crrac y ~­ 6POBHHK)' r,ne 3aTHM 6H OTxpaa.eH. O,npaCTaBIIIH, 3aBA(1Aa CBOjHM KpaJbeBCTBOM y3 rroMoh ~6pOB'IaHa KojHMa rrpo,na TpH OCTpBa Koja TIAHHHje Ha3HBa EAacpHTHMa, O,nHOCHO CHrraH, Aorry,n H KOAO'Ierr. HaKOH Tora, ro,nHHe 1075. y ~6pOBHHK)' rrpoHauoIlle crrac ,neu:a BpaHHcAaBoBa, KaKO 273 CmjenaHKocat{a noseoe pam npomus 4y6pos4.aHa. t:Ppa JaHalJO, sume3 c Pooa, npempnu nopru 00 oy6posat{1CUX zaJluja u yMpe. EpojHe oy6po­ sat{lCe Jlaoe npumelCHy y nOMon lCamOJlut{ICOM ICpa.1bY· 4y6pos4.aHU xpa6po 006ujy caHj,LaIC-6eza EHexaHa. 194 4y6poSHUIC ym04.uw.me CMpmHUlJlLMa . MH02U Kpa.1besu u ICHe.JK:eeu npoHaoy ymot{uw.me y 4y6poSHUlCy.


r I 6H H36erAa CpI,I6H CBora pouaKa KPaJha Eo,n:HHa, a 1161. rropo,n:m.I:a HeMalbHha rrporHa H3 ,n:p:>KaBe Pa,n:ocAaBa, KHe3a 3eTe, 'IHja ce 6pana CKAOHHIIle Y JlJr6POBHHK. TIOTOM, ro,n:HHe 1310, HaKOH CMpTH 6ocaHcKor KPaJha CTjerraHa KOjH Y TO BpeMe HMa,n:e HaCAOB KHe3a, ,n:eu:a lberOBa 6exy OTepaHa o,n: KYhe, a HajcTapHjH rro HMeHY CTjerraH C MaKOM y13a6eAoM rrpOHaue yTO'IHIIlTe Y JlJr6pOBHHKY, r,n:e 6H OTxpalbeH H rro.n:yqeH rp'IKOM H AaTHHCKOM, ,n:a 6H ce 3aTHM 3axBaJhyjyhH JlJr6pOB'IaHHMa BpaTHO y KpaJheBHHY CBOjy EOCHY H rrpo,n:ao HM 1333. CTOH C PTOM TIoHTa [TIYHTa]. fo,n:HHe 1359. rro6e:>Ke Y JlJr6pOBHHK ,lla6HIIla, 6paT 6ocaHCKor KPaJha TBpTKa, 3aje,n:Ho C 6pOjHHM TaMOIIllbHM rrAeMHhHMa, a JlJr6pOB'IaHH rrOTOM H3MOAHIIle o,n: TBpTKa MHAOCT 3a lbHX. Ka,n: 1396. u:ap H KpaJh yrapcKH )KHrMYH,n: 6H HaTepaH y 6eKCTBo HaKOH rropa3a y 60jy C TypCKHM KpaJheM Eaja3HToM KO,n: HHKorrolba, CKAOHH ce y JlJr6pOBHHK, Te .n:y6pOBa'IKOM KHe3Y ,n:o,n:eAH HaCAOB BHTe3a yrapcKor Kpalba. JlJr6pOB'IaHH ra 3aTHM o,n:Be,n:OIIle y lllH6eHHK CBOjHM raAHjaMa KojHMa 3arrOBHe,n:aIIle BOA'IO BAaxOB Eo6aJheBHh, y TO BpeMe ,n:OCTojaHcTBeHH ceHaTOp H MJ)K HCKYcaH H BH'IaH BOjHH'IKOM 3Balby. Cp'IaHOCT lberOBa H BeAHKa MY,n:POCT H3a3BaIIle ,n:HBlbelbe )KHrMYH,n:OBO, Te My u:ap H KpaJh yrryTH yqeCTaAe rr03HBe ,n:a rroue C lbHM Y YrapcKY, HO Eo6aJheBHh TO o,n:6H y3 H3BHlbelbe 360r CBOjHX rroo,n:MaKAHX ro,n:HHa. CprrCKH ,n:ecrroT 1)ypaU 1440. ro,n:HHe rro6e:>Ke je,n:HoM .n:y6pOBa'IKOM raAHjoM H3 Eapa y JlJr6pOBHHK, rra 195 HaKO M n.,6 . ypaT 3aTpa:>KH o,n:!--'V pOB'IaHa ,n:a MY ra rrpe,n:aJY, HcrrpBa MaMehH HX o6ehalbHMa, Ha Koja ce 3aTHM Ha,n:OBe3aIIle H CHAHe rrpeTlbe, .n:y6pOBa'IKH ceHaT crraCH 1)ypua H rrOCAa ra rrOTOM y YrapcKY He 6H AH rrOHOBHO 3a­ ,n:06HO BAaCT Ha,n: CBOjOM ,n:p:>KaBoM. ' < Y 6eKCTBY rrpe,n: CTjerraHoM KOCa'IOM lberoB ce CHH BAa,n:HcAaB 1451. ro,n:HHe CKAOHH y JlJr6pOBHHK, r,n:e 'IeTHpH ro,n:HHe KacHHje, rrpOTepaH o,n: TypaKa, CTH:>Ke H TOMO TIaAeOAOr, ,n:ecrroT MarHe3Hje. Ka,n: 1462. rrarra TIHO II. TIpoTepa CHrHCMOH,n:a MaAaTecTy, oBaj ce CKAOHH y JlJr6POBHHK. )KeAehH ,n:a o,n:e Ha HCTOK, He 6H AH TypCKO opJ)Kje rrpeHeo y HTaAHjy, JlJr6pOB'IaHH ra 3a,n:p:>KaIIle H rrOCTaBHIIle ra 3a BpXOBHor 3arrOBe,n:HHKa y CBOjOj ,n:p:>KaBH. fO,n:HHY ,n:aHa HaKOH Tora TYPU:H 3aY3eIIle KpaJheBHHY EOCHY, Te KaTapHHa Koca'Ia, :>KeHa 6HBIIler 60caHCKor KPaJha TOMaIIla, rro6e:>Ke y JlJr6pOBHHK H o,n:e rrOTOM y PHM. TIpeKo CaHI,IaKa XecH6era TyP'IHH Eaja3HT 1483. rrporHa H3 ,n:p:>KaBe BAa,n:HcAaBa H BAaTKa, KOCa'IHHe CHHOBe KOjH rrpoHauoIIle crrac y JlJr6pOBHHKY, r,n:e HM 6eIIle rrpy­ :>KeHa BeAHKa rroMoh. HaKOH Tora ro,n:HHe 1512. qmpeHTHHCKH rrorAaBap TIjeTpo Co,n:epHHH rro6e:>Ke y JlJr6pOBHHK H yrrpKoc yqeCTaAHM 3axTjeBHMa rrarre JYAHja II. ,n:a Co­ ,n:epHHH 6y,n:e rrpe,n:aH, ceHaT MY rrpJ)KH YTO'IHIIlTe. lllecT ro,n:HHa KacHHje, Ka,n: TyPCKH KPaJh Eaja3HT rrory6H U:pHOropcKor BOjBO.n:y HBaHa UpHojeBHha, lberOB ce 6paT 1)ypau CKAOHH y JlJr6pOBHHK, r,n:e CTH:>Ke rrOTOM H CTpHU: My CTecpaH. EojehH ce ,n:a 6H HX JlJr6pOB'IaHH MorAH rrpe,n:aTH TypU:HMa, UpHojeBHhH XTe,n:OIIle TajHo rro6ehH H3 rpa,n:a, HO He 6H HM ,n:orrYIIlTeHO OTHhH CBe ,n:OK cy 3a,n:OBOlbHH CBOjHM ,n:oMahHHHMa. JlJr6pOB'IaHH 3aTHM 1570. crraCHIIle MAeTa'IKY raAHjy HMeHa TpoHa rrpHMHBIIlH je y CBOjy AYKY Ka,n: 6ejaIIle rrporolbeHa raAHjaMa TypcKor 3arrOBe,n:HHKa KapaX03a. YMHpHIIle 3aTHM rroBehoM CBOTOM HOBu:a HaBe,n:eHor Kapaxo3a KOjH je Hajrrpe rrpeTHo ,n:a he 3a o,n:Ma3.n:y pa30­ pHTH 'IHTaBY .n:y6pOBa'IKY ,n:P:>KaBY, KaKO rrHIIle TIjeTpo EHu:apH y 2. KlbH3H. KOHa'IHO ro,n:HHe 1575. TyPCKH u:ap, HaKOH IIlTO lllrraHU:H 6ejaxy rropa3HAH lberoBY CPAOTy, rro­ :>Kelbe BpaTHTH y ,n:OMOBHHY HeKOAHKO CBOjHX caHI,IaK-6erOBa H ,n:pyrHX BeAHKo,n:ocTojHHKa, a lllrraHU:H cy HCTO TaKO :>KeAeAH oCAo6o,n:HTH TypcKor 3aTO'IeHHIIlTBa OKO 60 XPHIIlhaHcKHx IIAeMHha H yrAe,n:HHx lby,n:H 3apo6lbeHHx rrpHAHKOM 3aY3HMalba je,n:Hor lbHXOBa je,n:pelbaKa, a Meuy KojHMa 6ejaIIle H fa6pHo l..Jep6eAoHe H3 MHAaHa. OMyqHIIle Ta,n:a o6e cTpaHe (6y.n:yhH ,n:a He 6ejaIIle ,n:pyror MeCTa r,n:e 6H ce TaKO 3ro,n:HO H C o6oCTpaHoM cmypHoIIlhy MorAa H3BpIIlHTH Ta XBaAe Bpe,n:Ha pa3MeHa) ,n:a he ce cycpeCTH y JlJr6POBHHKY Kao cmYPHoj AYU:H. ,lloBe,n:oIIle ,n:aKAe rroMeHYTe 3apo6lbeHHKe H CMeCTHIIle ce ycpe,n: ,n:BopaHe rpa,n:cKor Beha y rrpHcycTBy KHe3a JYHHja Eo6aJheBHha, MY:>Ka BeAHKa yrAe,n:a H HCKYCHor ,n:p:>KaBHHKa. 3aTO'IeHHU:H rrOHOBHO CTeKOIIle :>KYUeHY cAo6o.n:y 3axBaJhyjyhH TOM CBeTOM ceHaTy KOjH CBaKO o,n: lbHX He rrpeCTa 3aTHM XBaAHTH 360r rrpy­ :>KeHe HM pa,n:OCTH. CBe IIlTO je ,n:oca,n: pe'IeHO 6Hhe ,n:oBOlbHO ,n:a ce rrOKa:>Ke KaKO je rpa,n: JlJr6pOBHHK o.n:yseK 6HO YTO'IHIIlTeM HecpehHHM CMPTHHU:HMa 3a 'IHjy je ,n:06po6HT 'IeCTO ,n:OBeo y orraCHOCT H BAaCTHTy cmypHoCT. Jly6POB­ 'IaHH cy ce CBar,n:a y TOMe rrOKa3aAH lby,n:HMa IIlHpOKa cpu:a, a IIlTaBHIIle He caMO y TOMe Hero H y CBeMY OCTaAOM 'IHMe rpa,n:OBH 06H'IHO CTHqy TaKO ,n:06ap rAac. KaKO y rrpOIIlAHM BpeMeHHMa, TaKO ce H y ,n:aHaIIllbe ,n:06a MO:>Ke BH,n:eTH ,n:a cy, 'IeMY ro,n: ,n:a cy ce rrOCBeTHAH, 6HAa TO paTHa BeIIlTHHa HAH HaYKa H KlbH:>KeBHOCT (a TO cy rAaBHa ,n:Ba rro,n:pyqja Koja 06H'IHO ,n:OHoce CAaBY rpa,n:OBHMa), rroCTHrAH 3a,n:HBlbyjyhH ycrrex. TIpehYTKYjyhH HMeHa MHorHX .n:y6pOBa'IKHX MJ)KeBa ycrreIIlHHX paTHHKa, rrpo36opHhy TeK 0 HeKOAHKO lbHX. TIpBH je y TOM HH3Y BHTO Eo6aJheBHh, KOjH 887. ro,n:HHe Kao 3arrOBe,n:HHK HeKOAHKO HepeTBlbaHCKHX Aaua ,n:oue Ha rAac rroTyKaBIIlH MAeTa'IKY CPAOTY, KOjOM rrpHAHKOM H3ry6H :>KHBOT .n:Y:>K,n: TIeTap KaH,n:HaHo. 275 4y6poettaHU cnaculUe MJlema1{KY ZQJLujy. 196 4y6pooa1{KU My:JICeeu npoCJtaflJbeHU pamHOM eelUmUHOM . Bumo Bo6l1.1beeun.. 274


r Muxo B06Wbeeuh. HwcOJW B06Wbeeuh. MapuH Pecuh. Mamuja U MapuH 1JypOeeuh. Mamuja u HeaH lIyICapuh. HaHMe, 6AaroBpeMeHH ,n:OAa3aK lherOB H lheroBHx AaOa 6ejaIlle rrpecy.n:aH 3a TaKO cjajHY rr06e.n:y HepeTBIbaHa Ha,I:J: HerrpHjaTeIbeM. YCAe.n:HIlle 3aTHM MHXO H HHKOAa B06a­ . 6 6 6 IbeBHn, o.n: KOJHX rrpBH 1160. rro e.n:H y HIJ.H KO.n: Tpe Hlha KpaIba BopHna, Ta,I:J:a 3BaHor 60caHcKHM 6aHoM, Te OCAO60.n:H .n:OMOBHHY MHorHX MyKa. .llpyrH rraK rroTyqe paIllKor BOjBO.n:y HeMalhY. HaKoH IhHX 6ejaIlle Ty MapHH PeCTHn . 6 KOJH, rrOCAaH o.n: .n:y pOBaqKOr ceHaTa y rroxo.n: C HeKOAHKO raAHja, rrpoTepa BojHe rroca.n:e BOjBo.n:e XpBoja C XBapa, Bpaqa, KOpqYAe H BHca. CAe.n:e 3aTHM MaTHja H MapHH 1)ypoeBHn, KOjH CBOjOM xpa6poIllny rrpOCAaBHIlle KaKO BAaCTHTO HMe, TaKO H HMe .n:OMOBHHe; MaTHja y paTOBHMa 1)eHoBIbaHa H MAeqaHa, a MapHH y 3aje.n:HHqKOM rro.n:yxBaTy C MaTHjoM rrpOTHB rycapa y CApK6H BOjBo.n:e AIDKYjCKor. MaTHja H HBaH i\YKapHn CTeKOIlle TaKOOe paTHOM BeIllTHHOM BeqHO CAaBHO HMe H rro.n:apHIlle cjaj H CAaBY .n:OMOBHHH. C 063HpOM Ha BeAHKe BojHe ycrrexe 060jHIJ.e, IJ.ap H KpaIb YrapCKe )KHrMYH.n: rrOCTaBH MaTHjy 3a 6aHa .llaAMaIJ.Hje H XpBaTCKe, Te ra yrapcKH rrAeMHnH (KaKO rrHIlle BOHCimHH y 4. KlhH3H III. .lleKa,I:J:e) rrocAawe y rrpaTlhH 6HCKYrra KHHHCKor, BojBo.n:HHor CHHa XeHpHKa Map197 IJ.eAHHa H BAa,I:J:HCAaBa TIaAOqOKa, HajHCTaKHYTHjHX Iby.n:H Y BOJl'iO B06Wbeeuh. I1lUMYH <P.rwpuo. C.naeHu HaY'iHUlJu. TOM KpaIbeBCTBY, .n:a .n:OBe.n:e y YrapcKY i\a.n:HCAaBa, Ka3HMHpOBor 6paTa H rrOIbCKor KpaIba. MaTHjHH 6paT HBaH 6H HMeHOBaH rrpHopOM BpaHCKHM, a Ka,I:J: My 6H .n:o.n:eIbeHa yrrpaBa Ha,I:J: Beorpa.n:OM, y 06paHH rrpoTHB TypaKa, KaKO ce.n:OqH BOHcPHHH, CTeqe 6eCMpTHO HMe. qHHH MH ce .n:a HH BOAqO BAaxOB B06aIbeBHn He 3aCApKyje .n:a 6y.n:e rrpenyTaH. Y BpeMe paTa .lly6pOBqaHa C 60caHCKHM KpaIbeM OcTOjOM, ceHaT ra rrOCAa C rreT raAHja rrpOTHB HerrpHjaTeIba, a OH CrraAH HepeTBIbaHCKO TprOBHIllTe ca CBHM OKOAHHM MeCTHMa H .n:OCTOjHO ce OCBeTH rrpOTHBHHIJ.HMa. KOHaqHO, < y HaIlle BpeMe rrpOCAaBH cBoje BAaCTHTO H HMe .n:OMOBHHe yjaK MOj lIlHMYH <PAOPHO, KOjH rrp060paBH TpH.n:eceT H IlleCT ro.n:HHa y <ppaHu.yCKoj y CApK6H lhe3HHHX KpaIbeBa, a ycrrecH lherOBH y paTy 6ejaxy TaKEH .n:a ra BOjBo.n:a o.n: AAeHCOHa XTe.n:e HMaTH YBeK y3 ce6e, a XeHpHK H 6paT lheroB KapAO KpaIb <ppaHu.yCKe rrOBepHIlle My BpAO IJ.elheHe .n:)'2KHOCTH. H3 Tor pa3Aora H3BPCHH rreCHHK .llH.n:aK TIHP OBaKO Ha je.n:HOM MeCTY rrp0360pH 0 lheMY: Y 60jy fieycmpawue, n06eOOfiocfiU eOJKO, 113 opee1iOcmu npucmUJICe 4JJl.Opuyc 11Jl.upuj 11 laJl.uja y cypoeoj 200UfiU £(06u nOOpw1\.y MYJKeeCmea H:>e20e02. He Y3MalhKaIlle rpa.n:y .lly6pOBHHKY HH OHH KOjH My rro.n:apHIlle cjaj Ha rro.n:pyqjy HaYKe H KlhH:>KeBHOCTH. BeIlle t; T.l C' n MelJY IhHMa H Kap.n:HHaA ¥lBaH TOJKOBH ,MpK BHIlle HO 276 yqeH H BHqaH CBHM rpaHaMa HaYKe, 0 KOMe MHHHCTep y OrrHCY Ba3eAa OBaKO roBOPH: Y BaCeAY ce MO:>Ke BH.n:eTH (Ka:>Ke OH) rp06 .n:y6pOBaqKOr Kap.n:HHaAa HBaHa TeOAOra, rr03HaTor H rro 3a.n:)'2K6HHH KOjOM HaM TeCTaMeHTOM OCTaBIba KlhHre Ha rpqKOM rrHcaHe PYKOM. Bejaxy Ty 3aTHM HAHja UpHjeBHn, H3BaHpe.n:aH rreCHHK H HBaH fyqeTHn, BpAO BeIllT rOBopHHK; 060jHu.y crrOMHlhe Ca6eAHKO y 8. KlhH3H 10. EHea.n:e. YqeH qOBeK 6ejaIlle H Jypaj BeHHn BeHHlho H3 pe.n:a MaAe 6pane, KOjH OCTaBH H3a ce6e HeKOAHKO IllTaMrraHHX TeOAOIllKHX .n:eAa. H3BpcTaH rreCHHK Ha AaTHHCKOM JaKoB BYHHn caCTaBH KlhHry H KpacaH crreB 0 :>KHBOTy focrro.n:a HaIllera. MaTHja B06aIbeBHn MpK je KOjH 360r peTKHx CBOjHX BpAHHa HHKa,I:J:a HHje .n:OBOIbHO XBaIbeH, jep (y3 .n:pyra cBoja qy.n:ecHa 3Halha) 6ejaIlle O)1.AHqaH H yqeH rr03HaBaAaIJ. rpqKOr je3HKa, C Kora rrpeBe.n:e Ha AaTHHCKH ca6paHa .n:eAa CBeTor BaCHAHja BpAO jacHHM CTHAOM KOMe yqelhaIJ.H HCKa3aIlle cBoje .n:HBIbelhe, a Taj ce lherOB rrpeBo.n: .n:aHac HaAa3H y 6H6AHOTeIJ.H 6eHe.n:HKTHHcKor MaHacTHpa (caMoCTaHa) CB. JaKOB a KO.n: .lly6poBHHKa. Ca6HH Cop.n:o [Ca6HH B06aIbeBHn MHIlleTHn], TaKooe H3 rropo.n:HIJ.e Bo6aIbeBHn, H3BpCTaH rreCHHK Ha HTaAHjaHcKoM je3HKY, aAH H Ha CAOBeHCKOM, 06jaBH HeKOAHKO CBOjHX .n:eAa rrHcaHHX HTaAHjaHcKHM je3HKOM. KAeMeHT PalhHHa, BeAHKH rr03HaBaAaIJ. CBeTora rrHCMa, 06jaBH .n:eo CBOjHX rrporrOBe.n:H Koje HayqHHIJ.H BHCOKO IJ.eHe. TpeHYTHO je HaCAe.n:HHK HCTe Te rropo.n:HIJ.e .llHHKO PalhHHa, BHTe3 pe.n:a CB. CTecPaHa H CAaBaH rreCHHK KOjH rrHIlle KaKO Ha HTaAHjaHcKoM, TaKO H Ha CAOBeHCKOM je3HKY. CAaBa rrpaTH TaKooe H HHKOAY fyIJ.Hna-fyqeTHna, BeAHKor HayqHHKa KOjH je .n:o .n:aHaIlllhera .n:aHa Ben HarrHcao H 06jaBHo BHIlle .n:eAa, KaKO Ha AaTHHCKOM, TaKO H Ha Hapo.n:HOM TOCKaHCKOM je3HKY. Ho Heny .n:aIbe rrHcaTH 0 HCTOM rrpe.n:MeTY, jep rrpeBHIlle 6HX O.n:)'2KHO Ka,I:J:a 6HX XTeo HaBeCTH CBe HayqHHKe H Klhlf)KeBHHKe Koje je .n:ao .lly6POBHHK. TIo.n:pyqje Tora rpa.n:a (rrpeMa orrIllTe rrPHXBaneHOM MHIllIbelhY) rrpOCTHpe ce .n:)'2KHHOM o.n: OKO CTOTHHY TpH.n:eceT H rreT MHIba, .n:OK je rro IllHpHHH BpAO ycKO, a H3Meoy OCTaAHX 06YXBaTa H CTOH, rpa.n: KOjH 3aCHryPHO He 3aCApKyje rrpe3Hp. O.n: o.n:peOeHe cy Ba:>KHOCTH H HeKa OCTpBa Koja rrOTrra,I:J:ajy rro.n: .lly6POBHHK, a TO cy i\acToBo, MIbeT, lIlHrraH, i\orry.n: H KOAOqerr. i\acToBo ce HaAa3H Ha y.n:aIbeHOCTH o.n: OKO CTOTHHY MHIba o.n: .lly6POBHHKa, qHjH 06HM H3HOCH OKO rre.n:eceT MHIba. To je OCTPBO Koje 06HAyje CBaKHM 6AaroM IllTO ra 3eMIba .n:aje, TO jeCT BHHOM, YIbeM, :>KHTOM H CBHM BpCTaMa IIAo.n:OBa. CTaHOBHHIJ.H cy lheroBH :>KeCTOKH H KpyrrHH MpKeBH, a H :>KeHe cy HCTO TaKO CpqaHe H CBHKHYTe HarropHMa. .lly6pOBqaHH KYrrHIlle TO OCTPBO o.n: :>KYrraHa CTecPaHa rrpe3HMeHOM KparraAa, KOjH 3aTHM 6H OKpYlheH 3a KpaIba PaIllKe. OCTaIlle 277 HeaH CmojlCoeuh ICapouHa.n oy6poea'ilCU. H.nuja llpujeeuh. HeaH Ty'iemuh. Jypaj BeHWbO U3 peoa Ma.ne 6pane. JaICoe BYHUh. Mamuja B06Wbeeuh. Ca60 B06Wbeeuh. 198 K.ne.MeHm PafbuHa. )!UHICO PafbuHa, eume3peoa Ce. CmecjJaHa. lJuh-Ty'ieeuh. HUICO.naTyOcmpeo lIacmoeo. )!y6pOe'iaHU ICyne ocmpeo lIacmoeo 00 KpWba Kpana.na.


200 r" yseK C H>HM Y OAHCKOM rrpHjaTelbCTBY, KaO IlITO heMo HeIlITO ,.a:albe pehH Y H>eroBoj oHorpaqmjH. AacToBlbaHH OCTallie rro,.a: .n:yOpOBa"lKOM BAallihy CBe ,.a:o ro,.a:HHe 1308. Y TO BpeMe PalliKOM BAa,.a:allIe Kpalb YpOIlI, OTau: palliKor u:apa CTecPaHa, KOMe ce HeKOAHKO rrAeMHha Tora KpalbeBCTBa oopaTH C orrTY2KOOM ,.a:a LIyopOB"laHH ,.a:p2Ke y CBOjOj BAaCTH OCTPBO K~e OH 3arrpaBO Tpeoao rrpHrraAaTH KpalbeBHHH PalliKoj, a Koje cy OBH OTKYIIHAH 3a Oe,.a:HY CBOTY. YpOIli Ha TO CMeCTa rropY"lH LIyopOB"laHHMa ,.a:a y HaAOAa3ehHM BpeMeHHMa Mopajy H>eMY rrperryCTHTH BAaCT HaA THM OCTpBOM, jep CMarpallie ra OH CBOjHM BAaCHHIlITBOM. LIy0POB­ "laHH My Mel)YTHM O,.a:roBopHllIe ,.a:a H He rroMHllIlbajy Y"lHHHTH TO, C 003HPOM Ha TO ,.a:a OCTPBO oejallie rrOCTaAO H>HXOBO 3aKOHHTO BAaCHHIlITBO rrOCAe KYrrOBHHe o,.a: H>eroBor OHBllIer rocrro,.a:apa Kpalba KparraAe. CHAHO Cp,.a:HT Ha LIy199 6pOB"laHe, YpOIli TajHo rrOCAa cBoje lby,.a:e ,.a:a rro,.a:CTaKHY AaCTOBlbaHe Ha 6YHY, o6ehaBajyhH HM CBaKOBpCHe rroBAaCTHu:e H CAo6o.n:y, Kao H ,.a:a he palliKH KpalbeBH OTa,.a: rra y6y.n:yhe CTaTH y H>HXOBY o,.a:6paHY rrpe,.a: OHAO KOjHM HerrpHjaTelbeM. He pa3MHllIlbajyhH rrpeBHllIe, AaCTOBlbaHH rrpHXBaTHllIe paIIIKe rroHy,.a:e H o,.a:u:errHllIe ce o,.a: LIy6pOB"laHa. KaA OBH TO ,.a:O"lYllIe, CTaAOllie CMeCTa rrpHrrpeMaTH 6po­ ,.a:OBe H rrOCaAe 3a rroBpaTaK AaCToBa. Ho YpOIli rrpHMH BeCTH 0 TOMe, Te HM rropY"lH ,.a:a O.n:yCTaHY o,.a: Tor rro.n:yxsaTa, jep he OH HHa"le HaA02KHTH ,.a:a "lHTaBa H>HXOBa ,.a:p2KaBa oy,.a:e CrralbeHa H YHHIlITeHa, IlITO cpehoM HarHa LIy6POB­ "laHe ,.a:a o.n:yCTaHY o,.a: ,.a:albH>HX KopaKa. He rrpol)e MHoro BpeMeHa, KaA CKAOrrHllIe MHp C palliKHM KpalbeM, a OH ce o,.a:peKHY y H>HXOBY KOPHCT CBHX rrpaBa Koja rrOAaraIIIe Ha OCTPBOK AaCTOBo, rrperryCTHBIlIH TaKol)e .n:yopOBa"lKOM ce-, HaT)' TaMOIlIH>e rrY"laHCTBO. KaA OBH rrOCAe,.a:H>H CXBaTHnIe' ,.a:a cy HX PallIaHH H3,.a:aAH, ,.a:OroBOPHO rrOCAallie cBoje H3aCAaHHKe y LIy6pOBHHK C MOA6oM ,.a:a HM rrorpelliKa KOjy roTOBO CHAOM 6ejaxy rrO"lHHHAH oy,.a:e orrpOIliTeHa H ,.a:a 6y.n:y rrOHOBHO rrpHXBaheHH Kao BepHH H o,.a:aHH rro,.a:aHHU:H, y3 o6ehaH>e ,.a:a he LIyopOBa"lKoj Perry6AHU:H yseK TaKBHMa H OCTaTH. Perry6AHKa BpAO lbyoa3Ho rrpHMH AaCTOBCKO H3aCAaHCTBO H rroTBp,.a:H K TOMe H rrpOIlIHpH HeKe H>HXOBe rroBAaCTHu:e. MlbeT, y ,.a:aBHHHH 3BaH MeAHTa H MeAHreHa, .n:y- Mibem. 2KHHe o,.a: OKO TpH,.a:eceT MHlba H OOHMa o,.a: llIe3,.a:eceT, y,.a:albeH je o,.a: LIyopoBHHKa OKO TpH,.a:eceT MHlba. Y rrpOIliAOCTH HaA THM OCTPBOM (KaKO rrpHrrOBe,.a:a ArrHjaH H3 AAeKcaH­ ,.a:pHje y HAHPHKY) Y BeAHKOM CYKOOY o,.a:Hece rrooe.n:y Ue3ap ABryCT. HaHMe MlbehaHH xapaxy MopeM y rrlba"lKH, Te Ue3ap 3a o,.a:Ma3.n:y ,.a:aAe rrOYOHjaTH OHe HajMAal)e KojHMa jOIli He oejallie H3HHKAa OPaAa, a OCTaAe rrOCAa Ha rrpo,.a:ajy Ha 278 jaBHoj AHU:HTaU:HjH. Ha MlbeT)' ce rrpOH3Bo,.a:H MHoro BHHa, HajBHllIe u:pHor H BpAO jaKor, ,.a:OK 2KeTBa He ,.a:aje ,.a:OBOlbHO 2KHTa. Ha jY2KHOj crpaHH OCTpBa HaAa3H ce je3epo C MOpCKOM BO,.a:OM, .n:yra"lKO OKO ,.a:Be MHlbe H IlIHPOKO MaH>e o,.a: Onuc M'lbemCKOZ je,.a:He MHlbe, a YKYrraH MY OOHM H3HOCH ce,.a:aM MHlba. Mope jesepa.. YAa3H y je3epo Kp03 rrpOAa3 TaKO y3aK ,.a:a oHY,.a:a je.n:aa rrpoAa3e "laK H MaAe oapKe, rra KaA MlbehaHH rrocpe,.a: H>era rrOCTaBe rAOMa3He AaHu:e, 3arrpe"le rrpoAa3 H THM caCBHM MaAHM IIAOBHAHMa. ,llHBHO je TO je3epo ca CBHX CTpaHa OKpY2KeHO 60pOBHMa, xpaCTOBHMa H ,.a:pyrHM ,.a:pBeheM Koje paCTe TaKO 6AH3Y BO,.a:H ,.a:a He CaMO ,.a:a rrpY2Ka XAa,.a: AeTH llIeTa"lY Hero ce, IlITaBHllIe, "leCTO MOry OH,.a:e rrpoHahH KaMeHHu:e rrpHAeIIlbeHe 0 3eAeHe rpaHe HarHYTe HaA BO,.a:OM. Je3epo je, HaHMe, CTaHHIlITe pa3HOBpCHHX MOPCKHX IlIKOlbKH H ooraTo PHOOM, HajBHllIe opaAaMa H TpHlbaMa Koje BeAH"lHHOM HaAMaIIIYjy OHe Koje ce AOBe Ha ,.a:pyrHM MecTHMa. Y je,.a:Hoj yBaAH Ha je3epy Y3,.a:H2Ke ce MaAH XPHA Ha KOMe je H3rpal)eHa rrpe"laCHa orraTHja ca caMOCTaHOM pe,.a:a CBeTor EeHe,.a:HKTa KOjH CTOjH Ha "leAY opaTCTBa Tora pe,.a:OBHH"lKor pe,.a:a rro H>eMY Ha3BaHor MlbeTCKHM H r,.a:e caM ja rrOCTao pe,.a:OBHHK. Y MlbeTCKOM 6paTCTBY o.n:yBeK 6ejallie BeAHKHX HaY"lHHKa, Mel)y KojHMa H ,.a:OH MaKapHje EOOalbeBHh; OCHM IlITO oecrrpeKopHollihy CBora 2KHBlbeH>a oejallie 3aCAY2KHO rrpOpO"lKH ,.a:ap, oejallie H O,.a:AH"laH rro3HaBaAaU: CBeTora rrHCMa. YCAe,.a:HllIe 3aTHM XPH30CTOM KaABHH, BeAHKH rr03HaBaAau: xeopejcKor, rp"lKOr H AaTHHCKor je3HKa, KOjH rrOCTaAe H .n:yOpOBa"lKH Ha,.a:OHCKYrr; 3aTHM Ea3HAHje fpaAHh, rra CTOHCKH OHCKYrr ,.a:OH HBaH 1}ypl)eBHh, TpeHYTHO orraT H CTapellIHHa rrOMeHYTor opaTCTBa, Te Ha Kpajy ,.a:OH EeHe,.a:HKT MeH"leTHh H ,.a:OH KOpHeAHje cppaH"leCKH, CBe caMH Y"leHH lby,.a:H H je,.a:HaKO TaKO rr03HaBaOU:H MHorHX je3HKa. Ty cy, HaAalbe, ,.a:OH MaBpo BeTpaHOBHh, H3BaHpe,.a:aH rreCHHK Ha CAOBeHCKOM je3HKY H ,.a:OH Ey3eoHje Kaoora, KOjH Ha AaTHHCKOM HaIIHCa LIyopOBa"lKH AeTorrHC H OHorpacPHje rrpBOCBeheHHX lby,.a:H Tora rpaAa, HO CMpT ra Crrpe"lH OOjaBHTH HX, HaKO HX cpehOM rrpe,.a:aAe y PYRe MOHCHH>0PY XPH30CTOMY PaH>HHH, TpeHyTHo CTOHCKOM OHCKYrry, a rrpe Tora pe,.a:OBHHKY crrOMeHyTora MlbeTCKor OpaTCTBa. BpahajyhH ce MlbeTCKOM je3epy, crrOMeHHMO H TO ,.a:a y H>era KaTKaA yl)y MopCKe Me,.a:Be,.a:Hu:e Koje YHHIliTe MHOro pHoe, aAH KaA 3aTHM 2KeAe H3ahH H3 je3epa Ha IIY"lHHY, pHoapH y OHOM TeCHauy Kp03 KOjH Mopajy rrpohH pa3arrHY BeAHKe Mpe2Ke, rra Ka,.a: Me,.a:Be,.a:Hu:e yrraAHY y Mpe2Ke H KaA pHoapH y,.a:ape Ha H>HX, CTaHY ce OHe opaHHTH y 3aAHBlbyjyhoj OOpOH. ,llOK oopaBe y je3epy, "leCTO ce ycrrHy Ha OOaAY H rroKa3yjy ce oe3 HMaAO cTpaxa, a rro HeKHM je H>HXOBHM rrOKpeTHMa H rrOTe3HMa jacHo ,.a:a pa3yMejy CBe IlITO HM ce Ka2:Ke. Ey.n:yhH,.a:a HHKa,.a:a HHcaM OHO 279


rrrpHCYTaH H BH,nHO TO CBOjHM O'tHMa, TeIllKO MH je 6lIAO rrOBepOBaTH,na pH6a MO)Ke pa3YMeTH IllTa joj ce Ka)Ke, HO Ka,n CaM ce 3aTHM 3aTeKaO y HTaAHjH, Y rpa,ny ilecapy, yBH,neo caM H H3 BAaCTHTora HCKYCTBa CXBaTHO ,naje TOMe Tao. HaHMe ro,nHHe 1599. YAoBIheHa je KO,n faeTe je,nHa o,n THX Me,nBe,nHu.a, Koje HeKH 30BY H TYIhaHHMa, Te je HeKOAHKO Meceu.H o,np)KaHa Ha )KHBOTY y CAaMH. Y caH,nyKy cy je ca CAaMOM rrpoHHjeAH MHorHM HTaAHjaHcKHM MeCTHMa, rra Ka,n 6H OHH KOjH cy ce 6PHHYAH 0 lbOj XTeAH rrOKa3aTH je Ihy,nHMa, H3Ba,nHAH 6H je H3 caH,nyKa r,ne je Hony 6lIAa 3aTBopeHa H CTaBlIAH y BeAHK Ka6ao rryH Bo,ne. 3BaAH 6H je 3aTHM rro HMeHY MapTHHo, H3BYKAH oTY,na, a OHa 6H 201 CTaAa rMH3aTH rro TAy; KaKO 6H joj Hape,nHAH, TaKO 6H ce 0KPeHYAa ca,n Ha Aelja, ca,n Ha Tp6yx, a ca,n Ha je,naH HAH ,npym 60K. Ka,n 6H joj 3aTpa)KlIAH PYKY, rrpy*HAa 6H OHa rrpe,nlby Illarry, CAH'tHy OHOj KO,n rycKe, a Ka,n 6H je yrrHTaAH je AH rAa,nHa, O,nMax 6H QTBOplIAa YCTa H y,napajynH 3Y6HMa 'tHHHAO ce Kao ,na xone penH »,na« rrorAe,na yrrpTor y rocrro,napa. OBaj 6H ce KaTKa,n rrpaBHO Kao ,na je xone y,napHTH rrpYTOM, a OHa 6H CMeCTa HcrrYCTHAa rAac yrrpaBo Kao ,na je rAac cp,nHTe oc06e H rrpeTBapaAa 6H ce Kao ,na ne ra yrpHCTH. Ha Kpajy, Ka,n 6H joj peKAH ,na ce BpaTH o,naKAe je H3BY'-leHa, 3arryTHAa 6H ce rrpeMa OHOM Ka6AY H rro,nHrAa ce YBHC rrorrYT 3MHje, Te 6H caMa 3apOHlIAa y BO,ny. CBe y CBeMY, 6lIAO je rrpaBO 'ty,no BH,neTH KaKO pH6a o,n Te BpCTe pa3YMe IllTO joj ce Ka)Ke H KaKO je rrOCAYIllHa. Ta Me,nBe,nHu.a KOjy caM ja BH,neo y ilecapy 6lIAa je MHOro Malba o,n OHHX Koje ce rrOHeKa,n BH,ne y MlbeTcKoM je3epy. Y3 TO ce je3epo, Ha BpAO AerrOM MeCTY Ha CaMoj 06aAH, 3BaHOM i\YKa KO,n ]lBopa, jOIll H ,naHac MOry BH,neTH oCTau.H BlIAe ArecHAaja H3 KHAHKHje, Kora u.ap CeBepHH 6ejaIlle rrporHao Ha MlbeT. HaHMe, HaKOH rr06e,ne Ha,n ileCKaHHjeM:, AzeCUJtuj U3 Ku.nuKUje Ha rrpOAacKY Kp03 KlIAHKHjy u.apy y cycpeT H3aljoIlle CBH npOZHaH Ha TaMOIlllbH rrAeMHnH H3Y3eB AreclIAaja, KOjH 3aTO 6H 3aTHM Mlbem. rrporHaH Ha MlbeT, r,ne OCTa CBe ,nOK AHTOHHH He HaCAe,nH CeBepHHa Ha U.aPCKOM rrpecToAy. Y rrporOHCTBY C AreClIAajeM 6ejaIlle H CHH OrrHjaH, KOjH yrrpaBo Ha MIheTY caCTaBH rrpeKPaCHY pacrrpaBy 0 pH60AOBY Y xeKcaMeKu.nUKUja je TpHMa, rra Ka,n je rrpe,na AHTOHHHY, 3a Ty CBOjy 3acAyry aaHac H3,nejCTBoBa o,n u.apa MHAOCT 3a ou.a H ,norryIllTelbe ,na ce KapaM.aHuja. oBaj BpaTH y ,nOMOBHHy. He,nyro HaKOH AreClIAajeBa rroBpaTKa y KlIAHKHjy, lberOBY BHAy Ha MIheTY pa30pHIlle Capau.eHH. TOKOM BpeMeHa OCTPBO rrOTrra,ne rro,n BAaCT rocrro,napa XYMa, a paIllKH BojBo,na ]leca 1151. ro,nHHe rrOKAOHH ra pe,noBHHu.HMa HaBe,neHe orraTHje, rrperryIllTajynH ra Ha H3,np)KaBa!he H rroce6HY 3aIllTHTY ,ny6poBa'tKHM rocrrapHMa. HeMa CTora ,naHac TaMO HH je,nHor OCTpBIhaHHHa KOjH He 6H 6HO CelbaK lIAH cAyra TaMOIlllbHX 280 pe,nOBHHKa, a 6y,nynH ,na ce oHaj KO CAy*H YBeK ce TY*H, MIhenaHH 'teCTO H 6e3 HKaKBa orrpaB,naHa pa3Aora yCTajy rrpOTHB CBOjHX rocrro,napa H rrOHeKa,n HM 3a,najy BeAHKe MYKe. ]lBe caM CTBapH BH,neo Ha MlbeTY, a Koje MH ce 'tHHe ,nOCTojHHMa ,na 6y,ny 3arrHcaHe: je,nHa TO IllTO ce TaMOIlllbe CTaHOBHHIllTBO crropa3YMeBa Meoyc06HO 3BH)K,L(YU.HMa H caBpIlleHO ce pa3yMejy yrrpKoc y,nalbeHOCTH, HHIllTa Ma­ !he o,n Ihy,nH KOjH ce y rOBOpy H3pa)KaBajy pe'tHMa; ,npyra je 3HaMeHHTOCT CTBap Koja Me 3aHCTa 3a'ty,nlIAa. Pa,nH ce 0 ,noraoajy H3 ro,nHHe 1410. Y 3aceoKY Ba6HHo ilolbe Ha ocTPBY MlbeTY )KHBIhaIlle MajKa ca CHHOM je,nHHu.eM lliypMaAOM KOMe 6ejaIlle rrpHBp)KeHa BeAHKOM Ihy6aBIhY. HarryHHBIllH ro,nHHe 3peAOCTH, O)KeHH ce OH H HarrycTH Maj'tHH ,nOM. Ka,n KaCHO je,nHe Be'tepH MajKa CTYrrH Ha BpaTa CHHOBlbeBa ,nOMa, OH ce 3aTBopH y KYny He rryIllTajynH je yHyTpa, Ha IllTO OHa, Ben OCTapeAa, CTa,ne MOAHTH ra ,na je rrYCTH Y KYny, THM yrropHHje Ka,n BH,ne ,na ce crrpeMa jaKa KHIlla. Ho HH TO He 6ejaIlle ,nOBOIhHO ,na ce HeMHAocp,nHH CHH cMHAyje BAaCTHToj Maju.H. Ka,n OHa TO CXBaTH, CTa,ne rrpOKAHlbaTH CHHa H CHaxy rrpH3HBajynH rrpOTHB !hHX CPI,I6y BO)Kjy, Te H3MeOY OCTaAora pe'te: TaKO KaKO BH MeHe He rrpHMHCTe y CBOjy KYny, HeKa Bor ,na ,na HH 3eMlba HH Mope He rrpHMe KOCTH BaM BaIlle. lliTO ,npyro ,na BaM Ka)KeM? YMpe OKpyTHH CHH H caxpaHe ra rrpe,n UPKBOM CB. ilaHKpaUHja, ,na 6H ra ,npyrora ,naHa rrpOHaIllAH H3BaH paKe, jep ra 3eMIha HHje XTeAa rrpHMHTH, IllTO ce rrOHOBH H TOKOM CAe,nena ,nBa ,naHa. BaUHIlle ra rrOTOM y Mope, Koje y TOM TpeHYTKY 6ejaIlle caCBHM MHPHO, HO 'tHM rrpHMH y ce6e OHO rrpOKAeTO TeAO, Y36ypKa ce H roTOBO ra HCTora 'taca H36aUH MeOY CTeHe, r,ne cy ce OHe KOCTH TaKO rrpHIhy6HAe y3 KaMeH ,na HX je H ,naH-,naHac TeIllKO O,nBOjHTH o,n CTeHe 'taK H rroMony 'tBpCTor rB03,neHor opyoa, Kao IllTO caM H caM BHIlle rryTa rrOKYIllao. OCTPBO lliHrraH rrpOTe)Ke ce o,n 3arra,na Ha HCTOK ,L(y)KHHOM o,n OKO 'teTHpH MHlbe, a YKYrraH My je 06HM OKO ,neceT MHlha. HeKH TBp,ne ,na je TO OCTPBO Koje ilAHHHje 30Be CHrrapHc. To je je,nHo o,n cjajHHx oCTpBa y BAaCTH ,ny6poBa'tKor ceHaTa H 3acAy*yje rra)KlbY KaKO 360r rrpeKpacHor rrej3a)Ka, TaKO H 360r H3,naIllHOCTH BHHa Koje ce TaMO rrpoH3Bo,nH y BeAHKHM KOAH'tHHaMa. i\orry,n, Ha TaAHjaHcKoM HcoAa ,nH Meuo lIAH cpe,nlbe OCTPBO, 30Be ce TaKO 360r CBor rrOAO)Kaja H3Meoy ,npyra ,nBa OCTpBa, TO jecT KOAO'terra H lliHrraHa. 06HM My je OKO ,neceT MHIha; y,nHIlle ce TaMO Haj'tHCTHjH Ba3,L(YX, a ycpe,n CAaHe Bo,ne OCTPBO 06lIAyje H CAaTKOM BO,nOM. HajAerrIllH !heroB ,neo, yje,nHo H HajryIllne HacelbeH H YKpaIlleH BpToBHMa, BHAaMa H AYKOM 3a Aaoe, ,neo je KOjH rAe,na Ha 3arra,n. Y,no6He ce rpaoeBHHe H 06Hlhe rrpe,nHBHHx BpTOBa cBeje,nHo HaAa3e cBy,na H Ha ,npyrHM ,neAOBHMa oCTpBa, a 6pe*yIhUH cy 281 Ko ClIY.?fCU, yee'K: ce my.?fCU. pee .MJbemc'K:e 3HaM.eHU· mocmu. 202 Cya6uHa HenOCllYWHOZ CUHa. lliunaH 11Onya.


204 ~ rrpeKplfBeHlf BlfHOrpa,z:J;lfMa. Ka,z:J; i\orry.n; 1538. ro.n;lfHe 203 rrplfjaTelhcKlf rrplfMlf y CBOjy lI.YKY .n;BaHaeCT raAlfja rrarre I1aBlI.a III. rro.n; 3arrOBe.n;HlfIIlTBOM aKBlfll.ejcKor rraTplfjapxa, BeJlwmje Ae- IIlI.eMlfna lf3 KYne rplfMaHlf, rroca,z:J;e TlfX 6pO.n;OBa KYKaBlf'Inoma, ajoUl KIf If OKPYTHO Orrlha'IKaIIle u.ell.o OCTpBO. KOll.o'Ierr je OCTPBO Bena 1.iecmu- Malbe O.n; i\orry.n;a, a Hlfje Hlf TaKO rrll.o.n;aH Hlf HacelheH, mocm JlCeHa ca rrpeM.n;a cBeje.n;HO rrpOlf3Bo.n;lf .n;06pa BlfHa. lby.n;lf C Ta TPlf ~;::. OCTpBa HajBenlfM cy .n;ell.OM rroMopu.lf, Te ce 'IeCTO .n;ora1)a .n;a TlfTOCT. Ha je KojlfMa Ha Ka,z:J; oTou.lfMa je M)')KeBlf XBalbeHa TeK lblfXOBlf MalI.lf KaKO 6poj Bell.lfKa OJIY M)')KeBa, o.n; lI.errOTa, KYne, a oCTase MHOIIlTBO TaKO If lfX 'IeclKe6e3 Mlfll.OCTlf caMe If rryHlfX .n;eceT ro.n;lfHa lfll.lf KOll.lfKO cy Ben Ha MOpy. Ho yrrpKoc TOMe IIlTO ce He MOry OClI.OHlfTlf Ha rrOMon MYlKeBa, OHe .n;aHOHonHlfM pa.n;OM BlI.aCTlfTlfX PYKY 'IeCTlfTO oClfrypaBajy CBOj orrCTaHaK. ,UaHac C Ta TPlf OCTpBa .n;Oll.a3e OHe Bell.lfKe lI.a1)e Koje 6po.n;e If MopeM I1TalI.lfje If MopeM illrraHlfje, KOjlfX ce y ,Uy6pOBa'IKoj Perry6l1.lfu.lf MOlKe Ha6pojlfTlf 6ap CTOTlfHy, y3 MHOIIlTBO Bell.lfKIfX rall.lfja If MalblfX 6po.n;lfu.a. BpOjHOCT lblfXOBa If lblfXOBlfX rroca.n;a pa3l1.0r je IIlTO ,Uy6pOB'IaHlf .n;aHac He Mory OKYrrlfTlf BlfIIle o.n; rreT lflI.lf IIleCT Xlflha,z:J;a 60pau.a KorrHeHe BojcKe. I1a lfrraK, lblfXOBe lI.a1)e, oKYIIlheHe CBe Ha je.n;HOMY MecTY, 'IlfHe je.n;HY o.n; HajBenlfx If HajCHalKHlfjlfX MopHaplfu.a KojlfMa 6lf ce Morao rro.n;lf'IlfTlf 6lfll.O KOjlf BlI.a,z:J;ap y Cpe.n;03eMlhY, KaKO 360r Bell.lf'IlfHe caMlfX 6po.n;oBa, TaKO If 3axBalbyjynlf lblfXOj CHalKHOj apTlflheplfjlf, HO rroHajBlfIIle 3aclI.yroM Cp'IaHlfX MopHapa KOjlf xpa6pocT CBOjy rroKa3yjy If .n;aHac y 60p6lf rrpOTlfB TypaKa py6pOBa1.i/ru If .n;pyrlfx rycapa. AKO ce .n;oro.n;lf .n;a lfX OBlf Harra,z:J;HY, 60pe MopHapu cy ce ,Uy6pOB'IaHlf C TaKBOM xpa6poIIlny .n;a He .n;orrYIIlTajy Hexpa6pu 6oPlJu . rrplfjaTelhY .n;a 3aY3Me lblfXOBe 6po.n;OBe TaKO JIYro .n;OK je If rrOClI.e.n;lblf o.n; lblfX Ha lKlfBOTY, a y 60p6lf neTe lfX Blf.n;eTlf< KaKO jYPlfIIlajy rrorrYT 6ecHlfx lI.aBOBa, rro.n;CTlf'Iynlf je.n;aH .n;pyrora pe'IlfMa .n;a ce ceTe .n;a cy ,Uy6pOB'IaHlf, KOjlf cy yseK Bell.lfKlfM rrOKOlheM HerrplfjaTelha OCBeTlfll.lf BlI.aCTlfTy CMpT. Heny OB.n;e HaBo.n;lfTlf rrplfMepe Tora, jep rr03HaTlf cy roTOBO u.ell.OM CBeTy, Hero ny rrplfBeCTlf Kpajy rrplf'Iy 0 rrOCTaHKY ,Uy6pOBHlfKa, 0 'IlfjOj ne ce lfCTOPlfjlf If ycrreclfMa 3HaTlflKelhaH 'IlfTalI.au. Monlf rrOrll.aBlfTO 06aBeCTlfTlf IIlTlfBOM lI.eTOrrlfCa JIY6pOBa'IKOr rrll.eMlfna JaKOBa I1eTpoBa i\yKapeBlfna, KOjlf ne cBoje .n;ell.o (BepyjeM) YCKOPO If 06jaBlfTlf. 282 ,nOH MABPO OPBHHH qHTAOUHMA MHorlf ayToplf cMaTpajy .n;a je ayTop OBe I1cToplfje KpalheBa ,UalI.Mau.lfje rrOpeKll.OM lf3 .n;peBHe ,UOKll.ee, rrpecToHlfu.e UpBeHe XpBaTCKe 'Ilfjlf ce oCTau.lf .n;aHac Blf.n;e y 6l1.lf3lfHlf i\a6eaTcKe MO'IBape, O.n;HOCHO CKa,z:J;apCKor je3epa, Te ra CTora 30BY 'uOKll.eaTOM. ,Upyrlf rraK 3acTyrraxy MlfIIllhelbe .n;a My je PO.n;HO MeCTO rpa,z:J; KOjlf ClI.OBeHlf 30BY ,UyKlha, a KOjlf je lf3paCTao Ha pYIIleBlfHaMa .n;peBHe ,UOKll.ee, HaClI.e.n;lfBIIllf o.n; lbe If lfMe. Ja Me1)YTlfM BepyjeM .n;a Hlfje 6lfO rpa1)aHlfH Hlf je.n;He Hlf .n;pyre ,UoKll.ee. ,Ua Hlfje 6lfO lf3 OBe rrpBe, rrpOlf3l1.a3lf lf3 OHora IIlTO OH caM rrlfIIle y rrpe.n;rOBopy KOjlf OB.n;e HaBo.n;lfM, Ka.n;a roBOPlf 0 MOll.6lf yrryneHoj My o.n; CBeIIlTeHlfKa u.pKBe lf3 ,UOKll.ee, Koja y TO BpeMe 6ejaIIle Ben YHlfIIlTeHa. HalfMe, CaMYlfll.O ByraplfH lflI.lf rraK (KaKO .n;pyrlf TBp.n;e) ClfH lberoB Pa,z:J;OMlfP, Kora rp'IKlf rrlfcu.lf 30BY rasplfll.O lfll.lf POMaH, Crrall.lf ,UoKll.ey OKO ro.n;lfHe 1000, a HaIIl je rrlfcau. po1)eH (Kao IIlTO ce 3aKlhyqyje rro OHOMe IIlTO rrlfIIle) ro.n;lfHe 1170. JacHo je CTora .n;a Ha TOM MeCTY OH crrOMlflbe OHY .n;pyry ,UoKll.ey, rrpeM.n;a TO Hlfje lberOBO po.n;­ HO MeCTO, jep y crrOMeHyTOM rrpe.n;rOBopy HaCTaBlha If KalKe .n;a My je MOll.6a yrryneHa If o.n; MlI.a.n;elKlf lberOBor rpa.n;a. TlfM pe'IlfMa O'Ilfrll.e.n;Ho rroKa3yje KaKO je HeKlf .n;pyrlf rpa,z:J;, a He ,UyKlha, lberoB pO.n;Hlf 3aBlf'Iaj. Ja CTora CMaTpaM .n;a ce OH PO.n;lfO y rpaJIY Bapy, KOjlf je TaKo1)e Bell.lfKlfM .n;ell.OM lf3HlfKHyO lf3 pYIIleBlfHa rrpBe ,UoKll.ee If CMeIIlTeH je YCTO He.n;alI.eKO o.n; lbe. HaIIl ayTop Harrlfca CBOjy I1CTOPlfjy rrpBO Ha ClI.OBeHCKOM je3lfKY If ClI.OBeHCKlfM rrlfCMOM, .n;a 6lf 3aTlfM Ha MOll.6y HeKlfX lhy.n;lf lf3Pa,z:J;lfO lI.aTlfHCKY Bep3lfjy. Y TOM .n;ell.y YKpaTKO TYMa'Ilf rropeKll.o If ycrrexe ClI.OBeHCKlfX KpalbeBa KOjlf BlI.a,z:J;axy ,UalI.MaU.lfjOM If .n;pyrlfM OKOll.HlfM KpajeBlfMa y I1AlfPlfKY, rrO'IeBIIllf o.n; lI.eTa rOcrro.n;lber 495. rra CBe .n;o 1161, Ka,z:J;a YpoIIleB ClfH ,Ueca rrpoTepa lf3 .n;plKaBe Pa.n;oClI.aBa, rrOClI.e.n;lber Kpalba Tor po.n;a. 283


~ 205 AYTOPOB DPEArOBOP H':terOBOJ• HCTOPHjH Kpa.z:&eBa AaAMallHje Ha M01l.6y BaC npe,lI.pare 6pane Moje y XPHCTy H npe"laCHHX CBeIIITeHHKa Ce,lI.HIIITa CBeTe UpKBe y Ha,lI.6HCKYnHjH ,.ayKlbaHcKoj, Te TaKot;e Ha M01l.6y CTapHX, a nOHajBHIIIe MlI.a,lI.HX Halliera rpa,lI.a, KOjH Pa,lI.OCT npOHMa3e He caMO C1I.YIIIajynH HlI.H "lHTajynH 6ece,lI.e, Ben (KaKO HM je 06H"laj) H BojyjynH, ,lI.a ca C1I.OBeHCKor npeBe,lI.eM 3a lbHX Ha 1I.aTHHCKH KlbH}fmuy 0 fOTHMa, KOjy AaTHHH Ha3HBajy Kpa.n>eBCTBO C1I.OBeHa, y KOjOj cy onHcaHa CBa lbHXOBa paTOBalba H ycnecH lbHXOBH; HanperHYX ce y CTapOCTH CBOjOj He 6HX 1I.H y,lI.OBOlbHO BaIIIHM M01l.6aMa, jep nO,lI.CTa"le Me Ha TO H 6paTCKa lby6aB. He 6HX xTeo, Met;yTHM, ,lI.a HKO O,lI. "lHTMaua nOMHClI.H KaKO caM HanHcao HIIITa ,lI.pyro OCHM OHora IIITO npO"lHTax H qyx O,lI. O"leBa H rrpe,lI.aKa HaIIIHX KOjH npHnoBe,lI.allIe, 6e3 npeTepHBalba, a "lBpCTO yTeMelbeHO Ha HCTHHH. 284 206 HCTOPHJA KPAlhEBA AAAMAUHJE • H Jl.pyrHx OKOAHHX HAHPCKHX KpaJeBa OJI. AeTa rOCDOJl.H':ter 495. Jl.O 1161. Y BpeMe Ka,lI. KOHCTaHTHHorrOlbCKO uapCKO 2Ke311.0 6ejallie y PYKaMa AHacTacHja, KOjH ce6e caMor H MHore ,lI.pyre 6ejallie OKa.n>ao eBTHxHjeBcKHM KpHBoBepjeM, ,lI.OK y PHMY B1I.a,lI.aIIIe UPKBOM rrarra fe1l.a3Hje, a y I1TB.AHjH ce CBeTOIIIHCTHUaxy 611.a2KeHH 6HCKYII KarryaHcKH fepMaH H 6HCKYn Kapyce Ca6HH, aHa ropH KaCHHY CBeTH BeHe,lI.HKT, ca ceBepa npOBMHIIIe fOTH, lbY,lI.H OKpyTHH H ,lI.HBlbH. BlI.a­ ,lI.axy lbHMa TpH 6paTa BojBO,lI.e, CHHOBH Kpa.n>a CBeBlI.a,lI.a, no HMeHY Bpyc, TOTH1I.a H OCTPOHll.O, O,lI. KOjHX HajCTapHjH Bpyc HaClI.e,lI.H HaKOH O"leBe CMpTH Kpa.n>eBCKH rr01l.02Kaj. Y 2KelbH ,lI.a CTeKHY ClI.aBHO HMe, TOTHlI.a H OCTPOHlI.O y3 6paTOBlbeB rrpHCTaHaK OKYrrHIIIe MonHY BOjCKY H 3arryTHIIIe ce rrpeKO rpaHHua cBoje 3eMlbe. fIOKopHIIIe 3aTHM YrapcKY, HaKOH "lera rrpOBMHIIIe y TpHOBHHY. Kpa.n> .l(MMaUHje, KOjH CT01l.0Ballie y CMOHH, rroclI.a Ta,lI.a cBoje rAaCHHKe Kpa.n>y I1cTpe C rropyKoM ,lI.a CKYrrH CBe cBoje lbY,lI.e H KpeHe C lbHM Y cycpeT fOTHMa. KaJI. TaKO ytIHHHIIIe, yTa60pHIIIe ce He­ ,lI.MeKO O,lI. fOTa, Te BOjHHUH H C H C ,lI.pyre CTpaHe HarrylliTaxy cBoje 1I.orope H 3anO,lI.eBaxy Met;yco6He "lapKe, HO OCMora ce ,lI.aHa cYKo6HIIIe Y lbyTOM oKpllIajy KOjH noTpaja O,lI. Tpener caTa Tora ,lI.aHa rra CBe ,lI.O Be"lepH. fOTH O,lI.HeCOllie KOHa"lHY rro6e,.ay, H TO He rrpOTHB B02KHje BOlbe, jep KOll.HKO ro,lI. ce .l(MMaTHHUH ca CBOjHM caBe3HHUHMa 6ejaxy ,lI.o6po H Cp"laHO 60PHll.H, rrOKa3aIIIe ce HrraK ClI.a6HjHMa. Kpa.n> I1cTpe H3ry6H TaMO :amBOT, a ,lI.aAMaTHHCKH ce Kpa.n> je,lI.Ba crraCH 6eKCTBOM, Te ce paI:beH Ha ,lI.Ba MeCTa BpaTH y CMOHY ca IIIa"lHUOM CBOjHX lbY,lI.H. HaKOH TOra ToTHlI.a H OCTPOHlI.O, paCrrOll.aJKYnH TaKO Bell.HKOM BOjCKOM, OJI.ll.ytIHIIIe rrO,lI.ell.HTH je. TOTHlI.a C ,lI.e1l.0M BojcKe O,lI.e y I1cTPY, a nOTOM y I1TMHjy, r,lI.e OCTa HeKO BpeMe 3a,lI.ajynH BelI.HKe ja,lI.e H pa3apajynH TaMOllilba MeCTa, ,lI.a 6H Ha Kpajy 285 502. nu Tajv,ap Ha WlU, npecmo cmynpeMa opyCI.LM mepoH>aMa, 492. 3attemHux: mOla aepja KpUaooeUle apx:u.M.aHOpUm Eamux lOOuHe 431. KpaJb Caeanao. Bpyc, TomWla U OcmpOWlO. CaJlOHa, npecmoHuv,a OaJ!MamUHCX;U x x:paJbeaa. ,lIaJ!MamUH­ cx;u U ucmap­ cx;u lCpaJb 3aMemHY ooj c romUMa. KPaJb Mcmpe naoHe y oojy. 207


T 3aY3eo HeKOAHKO rpa.;::{OBa H rroTnyHo llX yHHIIlTHO. He,nyra HaKOH HarraJl:a Ha CmJ,HAHjy HanycTH oBaj CBeT, KaKO My 6ejalIle HarOBeCTHO cAyra EO:lfmjH CBeTH EeHeJl:HKT. !heroB OcmpOUJlO naK 6paT OCTPOHAO, rrpOJl:peBIIlH y rroKpajHHY I1AHPHK H npoope y HllUpUK. He HaHlIlaBIIlH TaMO HH Ha Kora KO 6H My ce cyrrpoTcTaBHO, 3aY3e ,llaAMaU:Hjy ca CBHM ffie3HHHM MeCTHMa y3 MOpe. Ha Kpajy ce 3aYCTaBH y 3eMlbH rrpeBaAHTaHcKoj, OJl:aKAe nOCAa CHHa CBor CBeBAMa C BeAHKOM BOjCKOM Jl:a rroKOpH OCTaTaK I1MfpHKa npeMa ceBepy. Ho KaJl: KOHCTaHTHITpesaJ!umalia HorrOlbCKH u:ap Jl:03Ha Jl:a OCTPOHAO 6ejalIle OCTao y I1peBa6ejawe oe.o AHTaHH C MaA06pojHHM lbYJl:CTBOM, rrOCAa Ha ffiera CHa2KHY MaKeOOIiUje. . BOJCKY Y H3HeHMHH Harra.;::{. Cp':laH ':lOBeK KaKaB Ben 6elIle, OCTPOHAO C MaA06pojHHM CBOjHM lbYJl:HMa H3aoe Ha 60jHO OcmpOUJlO nOlbe cynpoTCTaBHTH ce u:apeBoj BOjCU:H, HO KM 3aMeTHYnOi3U6e y 6ojy. lIle 60j, nMe MpTaB, a ffierOBH ce cnaCHlIle 6eKCTBoM, Jl:OK ce u:apeBa BojcKa BpaTH KYnH HaToBapeHa rrAeHOM. ,llo3HaBlIlH 3a O':leBY CMpT, CBeBAM rrOXHTa HaTpar y EOCHY, BepyjynH Jl:a ne 3aTenH u:apeBy Jl:a OCBeTH O':leBY CMpT. He Haoe, MeOYTHM, BHlIle HHKora, Te 3aJl:06H HaTpar O':leBO KpalbeBCTBO H pOJl:H My ce CHH KOMe Jl:Me HMe Ce­ roe ce npocmupawe AHMHp. CBeBAMOBO KpalbeBCTBO ce npOCTHPaAO 0Jl: BaAJl:eCseBJ!aOOSO BHHa Jl:0 I1oAoHHje HAH I1oAHHe, Te 0Jl: MOpa Ha CeBep. HaICpWbescmso. HeCe OH BeAHKe IIlTeTe xpHlIlnaHHMa aaCelbeHHM y rrpH­ BaJ!oeBUIi, MOPCKHM rpaJl:OBHMa, a 3aTHM je, Jl:BaHaeCTe roJl:HHe CBora oa/iac BuIiOOOJ!. KpalbeBalha, HanyCTHo oBaj CBeT. HaCAeJl:H ra CHH ffierOB KpWb CeAHMHp KOjH, npeMJl:a He3Ha60}Kau:, 6ejalIle ':lOBeK npaCeJ!UMUp. BeJl:HHX nocTyrraKa. He caMO Jl:a Jl:06po nOCTyrralIle C XPHIIlnaHHMa, Ben IIlTa BHIIIe CKAOrrH C lhHMa rroroJl:6e H crropa3YMe 06Be3aBIIIH llX Ha IlAanalhe Jl:aHKa. HaceAH OH 3eMlbY MHorHM CAoBeHHMa H 3a BpeMe ffierOBe BAaJl:aBHHe ':lHTaB KpWb BllaOali. Kpaj OJl:axHy. HarrYCTH oBaj cBHjeT HaKOH Jl:BMeceToroByzapu Jl:HlIllhe BAMaBHHe, OCTaBHBIIlH 3a C060M CHHa BAMaHa. < lianycmuwe BAMaH HaCTaBH O':leBHM CTorraMa KpalbyjynH y MHpy H o6aJ!e BOJ!Ze. Jl:06H CHHa Ha3BaHor PMMHp. OBaj Ben Kao Jl:e':laK 6ejalIle OKpYTaH H CHAHO OXOA. Y ffierOBO Jl:06a BeAHKO ce MHOIlITBO HapOJl:a rrOKpeHY C 06aAa peKe BOMe, rro KOjOj H Jl:06HlIle HMe, 6y,nynH Jl:a ce rro BOArH CBe Jl:0 Jl:aHaIlIffiHx Jl:aHa 30BY BYArapHMa, TO jecT EyrapHMa. OHH ca }KeHaMa CBOjHM H TOe Kpuca Jl:eU:OM, Te ca CBOM CBOjOM HMOBHHOM rrpOJl:pelIle y rrOKpaByzapu 30Sy. C . B 6 . KpeKYJb. JHHY HAO,nyKCHJY· AaJl:~p lhllXOB eJalIle MY:>K rro HMeHY 208 KPHC, Kora OHH Ha CBOM Je3HKY 30BY RaraH, IIlTO KOJl: ffiHX tHaJ!a3UMO 3Ha':lH u:ap. I10Jl: ffieroBY BAaCT rrOTrrMaxy KHe}KeBH, Jl:eBeKOO opyi!U.X u TopHu:a lhHX, y ':lHjHM pYKaMa 6ejailie Jl:elbeffie rrpaBJl:e TOM CeJ!eyKUja a • ja sepyjeM.'oa HeH3MepHOM HapO,ny.. 3aY3eBIIlH Jl:aKAe tCHAO,nyKCHJY, ce paiJu 0 rrpOJl:pelIle Y MaKeJl:OHHJY, ITa RaJl: H lhy rrOKopHlIle, YOOlIle Kpajy U3liao y rroKpajHHY .t\aTHHa, TMa 3BaHHX PIiMlbaHHMa, a Jl:aHac peKa EKeoor:o MOPOBAaCHMa, TO jeCT UPHHM .t\aTHHHMa. KOHCTaHTHHOy MaKeOOIiUju. rrOlbCKH u:ap ca CBora npeCTOAa ,nyra ynpaBlbalIle 60p60M 286 npOTHB Tor HapOJl:a, HO He MoraBIIlH HX HHKaKO caBAaJl:aTH, KOHa':lHO CKAOrrH MHp C ffiHMa He Jl:HpajynH BHilie y ffiHX. I1CTO TO yqHHH H Kpalb BAMaH KM yBHJl:e KaKO cy 6pOjHH ffiHXOBH lbYJl:H, Kao H Jl:a My je je3HK 3ajeJl:HH':lKH ffillXOBOM. POJl:H ce, Jl:aKAe, BeAHKa HaKAOHOCT H3MeOY TllX HapOJl:a, OJl:HOCHO H3MeOY IOTa, CAoBeHa H Eyrapa, a pa3­ Aor TOMe 6ejalIle HajBHlIle TO IIlTO CBH 6ejaxy He3HaO'OIl[[U:.H H raBOpaxy HCTHM je3HKOM. HaKOH Tora, oCHrypaHH ca CBllX CTpaHa, EyrapH H3rpaJJ:HlIle YTBpJl:e H Jl:Bopu:e, HaCTaffiyjynH oCBojeHe 3eMlbe Koje cy H Jl:aH-Jl:aHaC y lhHXOBOM noce,ny. Y MeOYBpeMeHY Kpalb BAMaH HanycTH oBaj CBeT, Te 3aBAaJl:a CHH lherOB PMMHp. Ben ce y Jl:eTHffiCTBY 6ejalIle rrOKa3ao RaO HenpHjaTelb xpHlIlnaHa, ITa KM npeY3e BAaCT y KpalbeBCTBY, CTMe llX npOraffiaTH pYlIlenH ffiHXOBe rpa.;::{oBe H Jl:pyra MeCTa. Crr03HaBlIlH OrraKOCT cpu:a ffieraBor, xpHlIlnaHH nO':lelIle 6e}KaTH y nAaHHHe H Jl:pyra Ben rro npHpOJl:H 3alIlTHneHa H YTBpoeHa MeCTa, rrOJl:H:>KYnH TaMO, Haj60lbe IIlTO Moraxy, cBoja YTBpoelha, He 6H AH TaKO 6ap YTeKAH rrpeJl: OKpYTHolIlny PMMHPOBOM H H3MaKAH ffieroBHM OKpBaBlbeHHM PYKaMa, CBe Jl:OK HM locrroJl: He Jl:ooe y rrOX0Jl:e H He OCAo60Jl:H llX TaKO cypOBor rrporOHHTelba. HaKOH PMMHpOBe CMpTH 3aBAMalIle jeJl:aH 3a Jl:pyrHM ':leTHpH 3Aa Kpalba, a xpHlIlnaHH 3a TO BpeMe rrpeTprrelIle HerrpeCTaHe rrporOHe. Ey,nynH Jl:a 6eceJl:a XHTa Ka yraJl:HHjHM CTBapHMa, npenYTaneMO OBJl:e CBa 3Aa THX KpalbeBa H nojeJl:HHOCTH 0 rrporOHHMa Koje xpHlIlnaHH rrpeTprrlIle. He MaAH 6poj BepHHKa XPHCTOBllX HaCTaffieHHX KaKO y3 Mope, TaKO H Ha ceBepy 3eMlbe, KaKO He 6H 6HAH OKalbaHH 06H':lajHMa cpaMHHM H rHYCHHM OJl: CTpaHe TllX KpalbeBa, rrOBYKOIlIe ce y crrOMeHYTa je30BHTa MeCTa y rrAaHHHaMa, rrOJl:HOCenH PMHje pa3He HeBOlbe, Tero6e, OCKYJl:HUY H rAM 3a cnac JlYlIla Hero Jl:a Y:>KHBajy y 3eMalbCKHM Jl:0­ 6pHMa Ha IIlTeTy Jl:YXa CBora. KM OHa ':leTHpH Kpalba noYMHpalIle, pOJl:H ce rrOTOMaK ffiHXOB CBeTHMHp KOjH, CTyrrHBIIlH Ha KpalbeBCKH npeCTO, o,nyCTa 0Jl: Myqeffia H rrporOHa xpHIIInaHa. Y lheraBO Jl:06a HCTaKHY ce y TeCaAOHHKH cPHA030cP CHH rraTpHU:Hja .t\aBa (.t\eOHa), BeAHKH rr03HaBaAau: CBeTora nHCMa H ':lOBeK Y30pHor :>KHBOTa. HarrYCTHBIIlH Jl:OMOBHHY, BooeH ,llyxOM CBeTHM CTH}Ke y rroKpajHHY Xa3apHjy, rJl:e y paCrrpaBH C Haj60lbHM TaMOlIllhHM cPHA030cPHMa HaJJ:MaIIlH CBe H npOnOBeJl:ajynH Jl:aH 3a Jl:aHOM rrpeo6paTH u:eAY Ty nOKpajHHY Ha Bepy XPHCTOBY, Kao IIlTO ce He,nyro HaKOH Tora Jl:OrOJl:H H C 6yrapcKHM HapOJl:OM. Y MeoyapeMeHY npeMHHy CBeTHMHp, a HacAHjeJl:H ra tCBeToneAeK. Y Jl:06a ffieroBe BAMaBHHe rrana CTjenaH [V.J, H3BelIlTeH 0Jl: MHorHX 0 }KHBOTy H yqeHoCTH KOHCTaHTHHOBHM, ynyTH My rrHCMO C MOA60M Jl:a Jl:ooe 287 Moposllacu, mo jecm UpIiU Aamuliu. Bllaoali CKllonu MUP c BycapUMa. romu, CllO­ seliu U Byzapu cosope ucmUM jesuKOM. KpWb PaoMup, /ienpujameJb xpuwnalicKoc UMelia.. Ceemu OettaK t[emupu 3J!a KpWba. 3aBJ!aoa CeemUMup. TeCaJ!o/iU Ka, oaliac COllYIi. Toe mulia KOlicmali­CllOseliu 30Sy ll.uPUJl. 209 t Paliuje ce Oli 3sawe MUP, IiO ByiJuKao npsu KpWb xpuwnaliuli 6u npo3sali CsemoneJ!eK,


~ wmo ICOO CAO- K lheMy. TIpO'lHTaBIllH rrHCMO H )KelhaH y,npBOlhHTH rrarrH, sefia 3fia1.fU XTe.n:e cBeje.n:HO rrpe O,llj\aCKa OCTaBHTH OHHMa, Koje 6ejaIlle ncsemu oe'ialC" rrpeo6paTHO Ha Bepy XpHCTOBY, .lIYXOBHY xpaHy KOjOM 6H OOIC za . ce y lheroBOj O.n:CYTHOCTH XpaHHAH H O.n:P)KaAH. PyKorro- UmaJlujaficICU nuC1.JU 30Sy AO)KH 3aTO CBeIllTeHHKe KaKO 6H Taj HapO.n: rrO.llY'lHAH CcjJeponu..no. xpHIllnaHCKOM yqelhY, a OCHM Tora rrpeBe.n:e HM C rp'lKOr Ha CAOBeHCKH je3HK XPHCTOBO eBaHl)elhe, .llaBH.n:OBe rrCMMe, Kao H CBe KlhHre CTapor H HOBor 3aBeTa, rra HaKOH IllTO ce rr03.n:paBH ca CBHMa, OTrrYTOBa y PHM. Ho Ha rryTy cKpeHY y rroxo.n: KpalhY CBeTOrreAeKY, KOjH ra 360r 'leCTHTOCTH lherOBe H peTKe yqeHocTH rrpHMH y3 HajBene rrO'lacTH. 1'mpHA CTa.n:e rro.llY'laBaTH Kpalha 6ororroIllToBalhY H BepH xpHIllnaHcKoj, Koja 3a.n:HBH CBeTorreAeKa rrpeKo CBaKe Mepe, Te OH rrpHMH xpHIllnaHCTBo 3aje.n:Ho C 'lHTaBHM CBOjHM KpalheBCTBoM. Ka.n: 3a TO .n:03HaIlle xpHIllnaHH KOjH )KHBlhaxy Y rrAaHHHaMa, CHAHO ce 06pa.n:OBaIlle, Te CTa.n:OIlle CHAa3HTH C IIAaHHHa H H3 .n:pyrHx CKPOBHTHX MeCTa KOja HaCTalhaBaxy H 6AarOCHlhaTH H CAaBHTH rocrro.n:a, crraCHTelha OHHX KOjH ce y lhera 6ejaxy Y3.n:aAH. Kpalh CBeTorreAeK xje.n:e .n:a ce xpHIllnaHH, KOjH rOBope AaTHHCKHM je3HKoM, BpaTe H rrOHOBHO H3rpa.n:e H 06HOBe rpa.n:oBe H YTBp.n:e IllTO HX Y rrpOIllAOCTH He3Ha6oIllu.H 6ejaxy YHHIllJKeAu 3fiamu THAH. HMO)KH 3aTHM .n:a ce o.n:pe.n:e rpaHHu.e lherOBor Kpa­ zoe cy zpafiU1.Je . lUezosoz lheBCTBa. YrrHTa 3a MHIlllhelhe 0 TOMe CBe CBOje My.n:pau.e, ICpalbescmsa. HO Ka.n: My HHTKO O.n: lhHX He 3Ha.n:e HHIllTa penH, rrOCAa cBoje rrOKAHcape rrarrH CTec!JaHY H KOHCTaHTHHOrrOlhCKOM u.apy MHXaHAY Tp~enH o.n: lhHX .n:a ra 06aBeCTe 0 TOM rrHTalhy. HaKOH pa3rOBopa C rrOKAHCapHMa KOjH cy OTHIllAH Y PHM, rrarra ce CTa.n:e CHAHO pa.n:OBaTH y Ha.n:H .n:a je TO llana nOWalbe rrpHAHKa .n:a O.n:P)KH Kpalha H Hapo.n: lheroB y XPHCTOBOj ICapOufia.;ta BepH. OTrrYCTHBIllH rrOKAHcape, rrOCAa C lhHMa y rrpaTlhH XOfiopuJa . ICpalbY Kap.n:HHMa XOHOpHja, yqeHor 'lOBeKa Y30pHor )KHBOTa,~ CsemoneJleICY rrpe.n:aBIllH MY OBAaIllnelha KaKBa ce 06H'lHO .n:ajy Ka.n: ce y,aaJl.M.a1.Jujy. TaKO yrAe.n:He oco6e IllalhY 06aBHTH CAH'lHe 3a.n:aTKe y 210 xpHIllnaHCKe 3eMlhe. Y3 XOHopHja rrOCAa jOIll .n:Ba Kap­ .n:HHMa, KaKO 6H Taj TeK rrpeo6paneHH Hapo.n: .n:06HO cBoje 6HCKYrre, rrOCBeTHO u.pKBe H CBe OCTMO IllTO je xpHIllnaHHMa Hy*HO. Ka.n: .n:ol)oIlle y HAHpHK, Kap.n:HHaAH ce yrryTHIlle KpalhY 'lHje rrpe6HBaAHIllTe 6ejaIlle y paBHHu.aMa .llaAMe H KOjH HX rrpHMH y3 rrO'laCTH H HCKa3e rrOIllTOBalha, HMOPaSfiU1.Je )KHBIllH 3aTHM .n:a ce 'lHTaBO lherOBO KpalheBCTBO OKYrrH Ha ,aaJl.M.a1.Juje, rrOlhHMa .llaAMe . .llOK ce lhy.n:H oKYIIlhaxy, rrpHcrreIlle TaKol)e oafiac J1USfiO H rrOKAHCapH HBaH H J\eOH, KOjH 6Hjaxy OTHIllAH y KOH­ (XJzujesfio) CTaHTHHorrOlh, a Kpalh HX, je.n:HaKO Kao H Kap.n:HHaAH, 'laCHO rrpHMH. CBeYKYrrHH Hapo.n:, KaKO AaTHHCKor je3HKa, TaKO H HAHpCKOr, Ha 3arrOBeCT H HMor rrarrHHor HaMeCHHCa60p y Ka XOHopHja H Kpalha CBeTorreAeKa, rrpHCTyrrH rrpOCAaB­ ,aaJl.M.u. lhalhY ca60pa KOjH rroTpaja .n:BaHaeCT .n:aHa, o.n: 'lera ocaM 288 .n:aHa rrpol)e y u.pKBeHHM CBe'laHOCTHMa, a rrpeOCTMa 'leTHpH .n:aHa y rrO'laCTHMa KpalhY H Y ypel)HBalhY KpalheBCTBa. Ha HCTOM TOM ca60py rrpe.n: rrpHcyTHHM Hapo.n:oM 6exy rrpO'lHTaHe .n:peBHe AaTHHCKe H rp'lKe rrOBAacTHu.e rrOCAaTe o.n: CTpaHe pHMCKor rrarre, Kao H u.apa, KojHMa ce o.n:pel)yje rro.n:eAa rroKpajHHa H 3eMalha OHaKO KaKO je y .n:aBHHHH 6ejaxy 3arrHCMH H o.n:pe.n:HAH u.apeBH. Kpalhy ce H 'lHTaBOM oKYrrlheHoM MHOIllTBY CBH.n:H 3aMHcao .n:a rro 3aBpIlleTKY ca60pa Kpalh 6y.n:e oKpYlheH H rrocBeneH rrpeMa 06H'lajHMa PHMlhaHa. Y'lHHH TO XOHopHje ca CBOjHM .n:Py*­ 6eHHu.HMa H H3 Tora ce pO.n:H BeAHKO CAaBlhe Ha pa.n:OCT 'lHTaBOra KpalheBCTBa. HaKOH Tora Kpalh HMO)KH .n:a 6y.n:y rrOCBeneHa .n:Ba Ha.n:6HCKYrra, je.n:aH y CMOHH, a .n:pyrH y ,llyKlhH. BH HCTO TaKO rrOCBeneHO MHoro 6HCKYrra H u.pKaBa, Koje y rrpoIllAHM BpeMeHHMa 6exy oCKpHaBlheHe y YHHIllTaBalhHMa, Te HX HaKOH o6HoBe rrOHOBHO rrOCBeTHIlle. Kpalh K TOMe H3.n:a 3arrOBeCT .n:a HHKO He Y3HeMHpaBa UpKBY HH Y KojeMY rrHTalhY H .n:a HHKO He rrOA~e Ha lhy HHKaKBa rrpaBa HH OBAaIllnelha, H3Y3eB lhHor Ha.n:6HcKYrra HAH .n:pyre oco6e KOjOj je rro rrpaBy rro.n:pel)eHa; KO 6H cyrrpoTHo TOMe rrocTyrrHo, o.n:rOBapao 6H 3a yBpe.n:y rrpOTHB KpalheBCKe KpyHe . .lla.n:e 3aTHM 3arrHcaTH rrOBAacTHu.e y CKAa.n:y C OHHMa jaBHo rrpO'lHTaHHM, Te rro.n:eAH KpalheBCTBO Ha rroKpajHHe, o.n:pe.n:HBIllH cBaKoj lheHe Mel)e. Kpaj OKpy*eH Bo.n:aMa Koje TeKY C rrAaHHHa, rra cKpeny Ha jyr H yBHpy Y Mope rrp03Ba TIpHMopjeM, a oHaj .n:pyrH, KOjH rrpeceu.ajy Bo.n:e IllTO TeKY Ha ceBep H yBHpy Y ,llyHaB, Ha3Ba Cp6HjOM. TIpHMopje 3aTHM rro.n:eAH Ha .n:Be rroKpajHHe. Kpaj o.n: .llaAMe, r.n:e Ta.n:a Kpalh CTOAOBaIlle H r.n:e 6ejaIlle o.n:p)KaH ca6op, rra .n:o BaA.l1:eBHHa, TO jeCT BHHo.n:OAa, rrpo3Ba BeAOM XpBaTCKOM, Koja ce TaKol)e 30Be H .llolha .llMMau.Hja. TIpecToHHu.a Te rroKpajHHe rrOCTa y3 cyrAacHoCT rrarre H rrarrHHCKHX H3aCAaHHKa CMOHa ca CBOjOM MHTpOrroAHjoM, rro.n: KOjy rrOTrra.n:axy u.pKBe CrrAHTa, TporHpa, CKpa.n:HHa, ApaY30He, .n:aHac 3BaHe 3a.n:apCKa TBpl)aBaa, Te u.pKBe HHHa, Pa6a, Ocopa, KpKa H ErrH.n:aypa, .n:aHac 3BaHor ,lly6POBHHK. HCTO TaKO o.n: MeCTa .llaAMe rra CBe .n:o rpa.n:a BaM6MOHe, .n:aHaIlllher .llpa'la, rrp03Ba Taj Kpaj UpBeHOM XpBaTCKOM HAH, KaKO ce jOIll K~e, rOplhOM .llMMaU.HjOM. 3a lheHY rrpeCTOHHu.y 6H o.n:pel)eHa ,llyKlha ca CBOjOM MHTpOrrOAHjoM, 'lHjeM Ha.n:6HCKYrry 6ejaxy rro.n:pel)eHH 6HCKYrrH Bapa, By.n:Be, Cp6Hje, BOCHe, KOTopa, YAI..J.Hlha, CBa'la, CKa.n:pa, .llpHBacTa, TIYAaTa, Tpe6Hlha H 3axyMlha. Cp6Hjy, Koja rAe.n:a Ha ceBep, rro.n:eAH TaKol)ep Ha .n:Be rroKpajHHe. Je.n:Ha ce rrpOCTHpaIlle o.n: BeAHKe peKe .llpHHe Ha 3arra.n: .n:o rope TIHHa H 6H Ha3BaHa BOCHa; .n:pyra cpHa ce rroKpajHHa H.n:O J\a6eaTCKe rrpOTe3aIlle MO'lBape, o.n: HCTe a lhOj peKe .n:a.n:e Ha HMe HCTOK PaIllKa. .n:o J\yY 289 Balba mumu npU.Me6puzy fieICaoawlUUX ICpalbeSa, ICfieJlCesa pa llpICse. 0 CA0600u u SAaoaTy nooeJlY ICpalbescmsa ICobe no.MUIUY EjOfiOO ma­U An6epm Kpafi/J. 211 Cp6uja. EeJla XpsamcICa. cmOfiU/Ja Ocop, CaJlOfia, Ancupm Ancupmuoe. Ea.M6aJlOfia XpsamcICe. fieICaoa EeJle u..nu npe­. ,aafiawlUu JIpa1.f. ,aY1CJba, npecmofiu/Ja llpsefie XpsamcICe. Bepyje.M oa je osoejeofio .Mecmo fiaseoefio osanym, jep cy YA/JUIU U llOAem u..nu llYAam npe.Ma Kafimepy fiO me ucmo. jeo­


r I Cp6uja cBaKoj O,n nOKpajHHa YCTOAH"IH 6aHoBe, TO jeCT BOjBO.ne nOaeJbeHa Ha cBoje pOllaKe, Te JKj'naHe HAH rpOq,OBe H Ha Kpajy aee nOKpajuH~. CTOTHHape, KOjH cy IIlTO H u:eHTYPHOHH. BaHOBHMa .no.neAH npe.M.a MapuJY • Huzpy !l.a6e- BAaCT HaJ( Ce,naM CTOTHHapa, KOJH 6H .nHpeKTHO .neAHAH amcKa'.MOltea- Hapo,ny npaB,ny H CY.ll.HAH, a H y6HpaAH HaMeTe, Koje 6H paje CKaaap- rrOTOM npe.naBaAH 6aHY, a OH 6H rrOAOBHHY o.n Tora .naBao cKoje3epo. KPalbY, a ,npyry 3a.np>Kao 3a ce6e. )KynaHHMa Hape.nH .na BaHoBU. • 6' lKynaHu. HMaJY y3 ce e je,nHor CTOTHHapa, Te .na C !:bHM cy.ne CmomUHapu. Hapo,ny npeMa npaB.nH. XTe,ne 3aTHM ,na >KYITaHH .najy .nBa .neAa HaMeTa KPalbY, a .na OCTaTaK 3a.np>Ke 3a Kao H .na ce 6aHoBHMa He ,najy HHKaKBa rrpaBa HaJ( .npyrHM noKpajHHaMa H3Y3eB HaJ( OHOM Y !:bHXOBOj BAaCTH 3a KOjy Hapea6e U HMajy 6pHHYTH. HaAO./KH HaJ(albe .na 6aHoBH Mopajy nOAa3GKOHU KPQJba raTH pa"IYHe 0 CBOjOj yrrpaBH je,nHHO KpalbY H HHKOMe .npyCaemoneAeKa. roMe. OCHM THX, CaCTaBH H MHOre ,npyre ,no6pe 3aKOHe H CnoaeHCKG YBe.ne XBaAe Bpe.nHe o6H"Iaje. Ko >KeAH BHIIle 0 TOMe .nOSHaKH>UZa ca Ha- TH, HeKa "IHTa CAOBeHCKY KffiHry Ha3BaHY MeTO.n, jep y !:boj CJ!oaOM Memoa. he HahH KOAHKe H KaKBe eBe rrpaBe,nHe CTBapH YBe.ne TaJ(a Taj npeMHAoCTHBH Kpalb. KaJ( CBe TO, .naKAe, 6ejaille rrpH­ 212. 6 Be,neHO KpajY, Kpalb OTnyCTH Kap.ll.HHaAe, HCKYne H H3aCAaHHKe, rra KaJ( My OHH saxBaAHille KaKO rrpHcTOjH, y3 no­ "IaCTH H .napOBe 3arryTHille ce KYhH. MCTO TaKO H 6aHoBH, rpOq,OBH, CTOTHHU:H H .npyrH HOBOYCTOAH"IeHH Ha BAaCTH, CAaBehH Bora H n03.npaBHBIIlH CBora Kpalba, KpeHyille y CaemOneAeK ,nO,neIbeHe HM nOKpajHHe. KpalbeBaille CBeTOrreAeK rryHHX KpQJbeeGlUe 40 "IeTp.neCeT ro,nHHa H "IeTHpH Meceu:a, a OCTaBH 3a co6oM zoawiQ. MHOillTBO KaKO MyIIlKHX, TaKO H >KeHCKHX nOTOMaKa. KoHa"IHO, 17. .naHa Meceu:a MapTa HarrYCTH oBaj CBeT H H caxpaIbeH y U:pKBH CB. MapHje y rpa,ny ,llyKIbH. HaKOH !:beKpQJb rOBe CMPTH, OKYnIbeH ra Hapo.n,nyro H ropKO OnAaKHBaille. CaemOJ!UK. CHH !:beroB CBeTOAHK 6H rrocBeheH H OKpY!:beH sa Kpalba y ,lJ,yIClbG, Mecmo HCToj TOj U:pKBH, a o.n Tor ce BpeMeHa HaJ(albe .np>Kaxy KPYHUCGH>G TaMO o6H"Iaja .na ce YBeK y Toj U:pKBH o6aBIbajy KpyHHCa!:ba KpQJbeaa. B' ~ C . rpGa maj KpalbeBa. AaJ(ajyllH, BeTOAHK HaCTOjaille CAe.nHTH npHpQ30pU CaMy- Mep CBora ou:a y no6o>KHoCTH, Te nO>KHBH y CKAa,ny C yqeUJ!O ByzapuH. !:beM H 3aKOHHMa BO>KjHM, YBeK y MHpy ca CBHMa. OCTaBH 3a eo6oM nOTOMKe H .nBaHaeCTe ro.nHHe cBoje BAaJ(aBHHe KpQJb HarrYCTH oBaj cBHjeT. HacAe.nH ra CHH !:beroB BAaJ(HcAaB, BJ!aauCJ!ae. HO He yrAe.na ce Ha O"IeBY .no6poTy, Hero cKpeHyBIIlH C nOKOlUeH npaBora nyTa H He rroIIlTyjyhH 3aKOHe BO>KHje OKalba ce U3HeHaaHOM MHorHM H cpaMoTHHM rropoU:HMa. CTora rro rrpaBe.nHoM CMpny. cy,ny BO>KHjeM, KaJ( je.nHora .naHa 6ejaille y AOBY, ynaJ(e y BJ!Qaa HeKH japaK H OCTa Ha MeCTy MpTaB. Ha rrpeCToAy ra saMeTOMUCJ!aa U HH 6paT TOMHCAaB, "IeCTHT "IOBeK. 3a BpeMe !:beroBe BAapamyje C ,naBHHe YrpH ynaJ(oille y 3eMIbY ITIba"IKajyhH, a OH C !:bHMa YzpUMa. saMeTHY MHore 6HTKe H3 KOjHX YBeK H3al)e Kao no6e.nHHK, Te HX Ha Kpajy caCBHM HCTepa HS CBora KpalbeBCTBa. BejaIIle OH .no6HO HeKOAHKO CHHOBa H KllepH, a ce.naMHaeCTe 290 ro.nHHe cBoje BAa.naBHHe npeMHHY. CTynH Ta.na Ha rrpeCTO CHH !:beroB Ce6eCAaB. 3a BpeMe !:beroBe BAaJ(aBHHe rpU:H KpeHyille y paTHH rroxo.n H CTaBHIIle no.n orrca,ny rpaJ( CKaJ(ap. KaJ( npHMH rAac 0 TOMe, Ce6ecAaB OKynH 6pojHo Iby.nCTBO H HacpHY Ha rp"IKH Ta6op, npH "IeMY MHorH rpU:H rrorH6oIIle, a .npyrH rraJ(Oille >KHBH y Po­ .nHille ce HaKOH Tora Ce6ecAaBY CHHOBH 6AH3aHU:H, o.n KOjHxje.nHora Ha3Ba Pa36HBoj, a .npyrora BAa.nHMHp. He rrpe­ ,ny3eBIIlH .npyre 3HaMeHHTe no,nyxBaTe, rrpeMHHy y 24. ro­ .nHHH CBora KpalbeBa!:ba. CHHOBH !:beroBH 3aBAaJ(aille HaKOH !:bera rro.neAHBIIlH O"IHHCKO KpalbeBCTBO; Pa36HBojy je rrpHrraAO TIpHMopje, a BAaJ(HMHPY Cp6Hja. OBaj .npym Y3e sa >KeHY KllH yrapcKora Kpalba, C KOjOM .no6H .neu:y. TIPHAHKOM !:bHXOBOr BeH"Ia!:ba YrpH H CAOBeHH CKAOrrHille MHp. Ka.n Pa36HBoj npeMHHy ce.nMe ro.nHHe cBoje BAaJ(aBHHe, !:berOB .neo 3eMIbe rrpHnaJ(e !:berOBOM 6paTY BAaJ(HMHPY, rra KpalbeBCTBO 6H rrOHOBHO yje.nH!:beHo. TIpeMHHY KOHa"IHO H BAaJ(HMHP, HaKOH .nBaJ(eceT ro.nHHa KpalbeBa!:ba. HacAe.nH ra CHH !:berOB KapaMHp, 3a BpeMe "IHje ce BAa.naBHHe BeAa XpBaTcKa rro6YHH rrpOTHB KpalbeBCKe BAaCTH. KapaMHp OKYrrH CHa>KHY BOjCKY 6opau:a H3 PaIIlKe H BOCHe H cyrrpOTCTaBH ce rro6Y!:beHHU:HMa Ha paBHHU:H y XYMY, r.ne 3arro.neHYille 6HTKY y KOjOj Kpalb 6H rroTyqeH H H3ry6H >KHBOT. Ha rrpeCTO CTynH TaJ(a CHH !:berOB TBp.noCAaB H, ycrrocTaBHBIIlH rrOHOBHO BAaCT HaJ( "IHTaBHM O"IHHCKHM KpaIbeBCTBOM, y MHpy OKOH"Ia CBOj BeK. HaKOH !:bera 3aBAaJ(a CHH My TOAHMHP, Y "IHje BpeMe, SaxBalbyjyhH BeAHKoj !:beroBoj My.nPOCTH, KpalbeBCTBO >KHBIbaille y pa­ .nOCTH H cpehH. TOAHMHPY ce po.nHille .neu:a, a OH saTHM HanyCTH oBaj cBHjeT. BAaCT rrpeyse rrOTOM CHH MY TIPH6HcAaB, KOjH rrO"IHHH MHora H cTpaillHa 3Aa. KaKo BpeMe O.nMHu:aIIle, Haj60IbH 60caHcKH BeAHKaIIlH He Moraxy .nalbe TprreTH !:beroBe HerrpaB.ne, Te YCTaille npOTHB Kpalba H y6HBIIlH ra 6au:HIIle TeAO y peKY. CHH !:beroB KperreMHp He Mora.ne TO OTprreTH, rra rrocaBeTOBaBIIlH ce C 60caHcKHM 6aHoM yxarrCH O"IeBe y6Hu:e H .naJ(e HX CBe CMaKHYTH. CTyrrH Ta.na Ha rrpeCTO H saBAaJ(a KpalbeBCTBOM, KaJ( HeMU:H, HaKOH say3eha MCTpe, XTe.nOille rrpo.npeTH H .nalbe y XpBaTCKy. Kpalb KperreMHp CKynH CHa>KHY BOjCKY H cyrrpoTCTaBH HM ce y 60jy H3 Kojer H3alle Kao no6e.nHHK H HCTepa HeMu:e H3 3eMIbe. HeMa"IKH sarrOBe.nHHK HaTO rrOCAa KpalbY KperreMHpy cBoje H3aCAaHHKe C MOA6oM .na y6y,nyhe >KHBe y rrpHjaTeIbCTBY, Te.na KperreMHpoB CHH CBeTopaJ( YSMe sa >KeHY !:beroBY KhH. Te HeM"IeBe MOA6e CBH.neille ce KpalbY Uep 6ejaille OH u:apeB rrpBH 6paTaHau:), Te OH AaKO .na.ne CBOj npHcTaHaK, HaKOH "Iera CKAOrrHille MHp. BAa.naBHHa KperreMHpoBa rroTpaja .nBa.neceT ro.nHHa H Meceu: .naHa, a HaKOH !:berOBe CMpTH HaCAe.nH ra CHH My CBeTopaJ(, "IOBeK 291 KpQJb Ce6eCJ!aa. Ce6eCJ!Ge nopQ3U rpKe. noaeAU ce Ce6eCJ!a8.Jbeao KPQJbeeCmeo. BeHltaH>e, 213 KpQJbeecmeo eeHU 6UJ!aH Yzpu KapaMup. ce yjeauHu. KpQJb nOHoao U U MUp. cma­CAOBeAa XpeamcKa ce n06YHu. KpQJb TepooCJ!ae. KpQJb TOJtUMUp. KWICY HQCJ!eoHuK zoa CUH, Hezo HeliaK y6ujy nOmOMaKa. eeAUKalUU mueojUJ!u BocaHcICU YMpo6e3 KPQJba Kpucnpu6uCJ!Gea. KpQJb Kpene.M.Up. eeHa KpenUMup mylte BeHl{QH>e Mal,la Ceemopao. AaH KpQJb U He.Ml&e. MUp. U cma6uCAOHe­no­


r 6Aare HapaBll, n060JKaH II 60r060jruKIbllB. POJl.ll My ce jeJl.aH CllH KOMe Jl.a.ne llMe Pa.nOCAaB, HaKOH qera OJl.e Ha BeqHll nOqllHaK. Pa.nOCAaB HaCAeJl.ll KpalbeBCTBO II CBllM CBOjllM CllAaMa ce nOTpYJl.ll llnll OqeBllM CTonaMa II CBOjllM ce JKllBlhelbeM II Jl.eAllMa yrAeJl.aTll Ha OqeBY Jl.06pOTY II HenoPOqHOCT. POJl.ll My ce CllH Jl.aJl.e llMe qacAaB, KOjll Y MAaJl.llnKO Jl.06a noqe nOKa3llBaTll HenOCAYllIHOCT npeMa ouy. YnpaBO Y TO BpeMe nOHOBHO ce BeAa XpBaT­ EeAa Xpeam- ClCa ce nOHoao CKa, Te Kpalb CTora CKYnll BOjCKY; Jl.eo BojcKe npen06YHu. nyCTll CllHY, a Jl.pyrll Jl.eo 3a.npJKa noJl. BAaCTllTllM 3anOBeJl.­ 214 HHllITBOM. OnKOAllllIe ca CBllX CTpaHa II Ha YmoapeMe . 6aHXpaamclCe KpaJY nx nopa3llllIe. 3apo6lbeHHUH 6HAH cy nyllI6ejawe EeAow. TeHH Ha CAo6o.ny, HO OHll lberOBor CllHa Jl.aTll cy Y p06lhe lqlaJbeacmaa mepa T.faCllaa o~aU3 npo­.. KpaJb PaOOCll.aa ooe y AnyJlujy. CunoHmo, oaHac MaHcjJpeOoHa. PaooCllaaoau /CQ.MU. TUxoMUJt. CeAO Pa6wca qacAaBlheBHM BojHllUllMa. Ka.n TO BllJl.ellIe BOjHllUll Kpalha PaJl.OCAaBa, paCpJl.llllIe ce, Te HanYCTllBllIll oua npebOllIe CBH y BOjCKY CHHa My qaCAaBa. OH ce nOTaKHyT TllMe CHAHO Y30XOAll, Te Ha HaroBop CBOjHX CBprHY oua C npeCTOAa H CTa.ne ra nporOHllTll. BeJKenll npeJl. lberOBllM rHeBOM, Kpalb ce CKAOHll y MeCTO 3BaHO AaCTa, HO YBllJl.eBllIll Jl.a Hll TaMO Hllje Ha CllrypHOM 0Jl. CllHOBlbeBllX npeTlbll, C Jl.eAOM nop0Jl.llue ce cnYCTll Y KpajeBe 6AllJKe MOpy. qaCAaB TO Jl.03Ha II KpeHy 3a lbllM y nOTepy. Ka.n Ben 6ejallIe ca CBOjllM KOlbaHllUllMa Ha.nOMaK TOMe Jl.a YXBaTll oua, Kpalb ce ca CBllMa cBojHMa 6aUll y Mope II Jl.OnAllBa Jl.0 MaAe XPllJl.H HeJl.aAeKO OJl. KonHa, Te ce TaKO ll36aBll ll3 CllHOBlheBllX PYKY. 3a BpeMe lberoBor 60paBKa Ha TOj XPllJl.ll, BOlbOM Jl.o6pora Bora KOjll ce y CBeMY nOKa3llBallIe CKAOHllM KPalbY, rrpobe OHYJl.a jeJl.Ha Aaba Ha rryTy ll3 AnYAllje, rra Ka.n je KPalb II OHH ll3 lberOBe npaTlbe yrAeJl.allIe, CTaJl.OllIe BllKaTll II Jl.03llBaTll MopHape. OHll, llcnpBa 3anpenallITeHll HOBllM pa3BojeM Jl.orabaja, npll6AllJKllllIe ce, na KaJl. CXBaTHllIe Jl.a ce pa.nll 0 Kpalby H KaJl. Jl.03HallIe pa3Aor lberOBa 60paBKa TaMO, CMHAOBallIe My ce II npllMllllIe ra y3 BeAllKe nOqaCTll II ll3pa3e rrOllITOBalba, Jl.a 6ll ra nOTOM OJl.BeAll y CllnOHTO, OJl.aKAe KPalb 3aTllM OJl.e y PllM. OJl. TOra BpeMeHa OHa KaMeHa XPllJl. 6ll np03BaHa Pa.nOCAaBOBll KaMll. TIpoTepaBllIll Jl.aKAe oua, qaCAaB 3aBAa.na KpalbeBCTBOM. Y TO Jl.06a JKllBlballIe y Kpajy Cpara MAa.nlln no llMeHY TllXOMllA, CllH CBellITeHllKa ll3 ceAa Pa6llKe, KOjll 6ewe Ha pe~u BOJl.allIe Ha nallIY CTa.na HeKor IIAeMllna BYJl.llcAaBa. TllXOPa6, y o~aHUHu MllA 6ejallIe KpynHa CTaca II BellIT AOBau, a II Haj6pJKll TPSaaHO] Hap- . Tl . Kaq y ueAOM KpaJY· n>eroB ra rOcnOJl.ap ra Je 3aTO YBeK meHoj 60Ha U y CMewrOpJ.boj BOJl.110 ca C060M y AOB. JeJl.HOM TaKO y AOBY TllXOMllA Heo­ [JaHoHuju. npe3HO YJl.apll llITanOM jeJl.HY KYjy CBora rOcrrOJl.apa, KOjoj llMe 6ejallIe TIaAYllIa, a KJja 0Jl. YJl.apua na.ne MpTBa. CHAHO ce npeCTpallIHBllIll (6y.nynll Jl.a Ta KYja 6ejame BpAO Jl.para lberOBOM rocnOJl.apy), TllXOMllA n06eJKe II OJl.e KpalbY qacAaBY, KOjH ra BpAO paJl.O rrpllMll. 3a BpeMe qaCAaBlbeBe 292 CKOBOl)a KllC yna.ne C MonHOM BOjII naAenll qacAaBlheBe 3eMlhe. ca CBOjllM lhYJl.llM KpeHY cynPOTCTaBHTH ce YrpllMa Y )lPllHCKOj Ha 06aAll, rJl.e 3aMeTHYlIIe 60j Y KOMe cnOMeHYTH TllXOMHA BAaCTllTllM PYKaMa YCMPTll yrapcKor BOjCKOBoby Knca II OJl.py6H My maBy KOjy nOTOM OJl.HeCe CBOM KpalbY. Y Toj 6HUll na.nOllIe MHOrH Yrpll. HaKOH Te qacAaB Jl.OJl.eAll TllXOMHAY ,llPllHCKY JKynaHlljy, a 3a JKeHY My Jl.aJl.e Knll 6aHa PallIKe. KaJl. ce rAaC 0 TOM oKpllIajy npOHece YrapCKOM II KncoBa JKeHa Jl.03Ha 3a MYJKeBlhey CMpT, OJl.e OHa yrapcKoM KpalbY 3aKAlllbynll ra Jl.a joj nOMorHe OCBeTllTll CMpT MYJKa. )lo6ll oJl. Kpalba BeAllKY BOjcKY C KOjOM oJl.e Y qacAaBlheBo KpalheBCTBo, rJl.e npoHabe Kpalha y jeJl.Hoj llIyMH, y npaTIbll llIaqllue lhYJl.ll (6allI nonYT OHora KOjll He cyMlba Hll Ha llITO CAH'fHO). HacpHY Ha lbera, na Ka.n ra Jl.Orpa6ll, Jl.aJl.e My npBO 0Jl.pe3aTll HOC II yllIll, a nOTOM ra YTonllTll y peUll ca CBllM lberOBllM lhYJl.HMa. HaKOH qacAaBlheBe CMpTll 3eMlha OCTa 6e3 KPalba, HO 6aHOBll ynpaBlhaxy 0Jl. Kpalha llM Jl.OJl.elheHHM nOKpajllHaMa, npeMJl.a ce HHTKO OJl. lbllX He OJl.BaJKll npHcBojHTH 3a ce6e KpalbeBCKO llMe. TnxOMllA, KaJl. My yMpe TaCT, npey3e BAaCT y PallIKoj, HO Hll OH ce He YCYJl.H Y3eTll 3a ce6e HaCAOB Kpalha, Ben ra 3Baxy JKYnaHOM llAll BeAerpOcPOM, 6y.nynll Jl.a My 6ejaxy nOJl.pebeHll CBll OCTaAll pallIKll JKYnaHH. TaKO qacAaBlheBllM KpalbeBCTBOM TOKOM .nyror pa3Jl.06lha BAa.naxy 6aHOBll II JKYnaHH. rAaCllHe 0 TOMe CTHrollIe Ha Kpajy II Jl.0 qacAaBlheBor oua CAaBa KOjH ce 6ejallIe CKAOHllO y PllM. Ha MOA6y OHllX KOjll 6ejaxy TaMO C lbllM, y3e 3a JKeHY jeJl.HY PllMCKY nAeMKlllbY, C KOjOM Jl.06ll CllHa Ha3BaHor TIeTpllCAaB. y .ny60KY cTapocT, PaJl.OCAaB HanycTH oBaj CBeT. TIeTpllCAaB ce nonyT oua OJKeHll jeJl.HOM MAa.nOM PllMlhaHKOM nAeMeHllTa pOJl.a II Jl.06ll C lbOMe CllHa KOMe Jl.a.ne llMe TIaBAllMllp. HaKOH .nyrnx roJl.llHa JKllBOTa ca CBOjOM PllMCKOM nOpOJl.llUOM, Ha Kpajy npeMllHy II TIeTpllcAaB, a HaKOH lberoBe CMpTll PaJl.OCAaBlheBa ce pOJl.6HHa 3aBa.nll C Jl.pyrllM PHMlhaHllMa, 360r qera 6ejaxy y HenplljaTelhCTBY H CBaKOJl.HeBHllM JKeCTOKllM oKpllIajHMa. TIaBAHMllP y TO Jl.o6a 6ejalIIe Ben nOOJl.paCTaO II 3aJl.llBlhyjyne ce nOHece y TllM HeMHpHMa, a 3axBalbyjynll CpqaHOCTll CBOjOj II MYJl.POCTll nOCTaJl.e OMlllheH He caMO CBOjllM pobau.llMa Ben II Jl.pyrllM PHMlhaHllMa, Te ra Kao BalbaHOr paTHllKa np03BallIe BeAo. HCTOBpeMeHO ce ca CllUllAllje 6ejallIe nOKpeHYo BeAllK 6poj capaueHcKHx Aaba y noxo.ny y KojeM YHllllITllllIe ueAY )laAMaUlljy. rpqKO llMe Te cPAOTe 6ejallIe MllpllapMeHO, TO jecT Jl.eCeT Xlllha.na jeJl.apa, a Tll 6POJl.OBll pa30pe CBe npHMOpCKe rpaJl.OBe. Ho AaTIIHll ce y 6eKCTBY 6ejaxy nOBYKAll y nAaHllHe, na Ka.n ce CapaueHll BpaTllllIe y cBojy 3eMlhY, H 293 Y2pU ynaoHy y EOCHY· 215 TUXOMUJt YCMpmu cICoaoOy Y2apc/co2 YOpy2U.M Kuca. aojnpenuCUMa ICtDKe ce oa 2a npoHaoowe y CpeMY· 00 'laCllaaa na 00 [Ja8JlUMUpa EeAa npecmo ocma npasaH. KpaJb PaooCllaa ce OJKeHU y FUMy. PaooCllaaa caxpaHe y lJPICau Ca. HaaHa Jl.amepaHc/co2. [JempuCllae, CUH PaOOClla8.Jbee. [JaaJlUMUp EeAo. Capa~eHU YHuwme ,aaJt.Ma~ujy. 216


--,...-­ i\aTHHH ce XTe,ll.OIlle BpaTHTH y cBoje rpa.n.OBe. CAOBeHH HX MebyTHM 3apo6HIlle H 3a.n.p2KaIlle KaO p060Be, ,ll.a 6H HaKOH HeKOr BpeMeHa BeAHKH ,ll.eO H>HX nYCTHAH Ha CAo6o.n.y, HaKO y3 YCAOB H 06Be3Y nAanaH>a ,ll.aHKa H BpIllelba HY2KHHX CAY2K6H. TaKO 3anO'le H 06HOBa rpa.n.oBa YHHIllTeHHX y capall,eHCKOM noxo.n.y. I1CToBpeMeHO pO,ll.6HHa IlaBAHMHpoBe 2KeHe, He MoraBIllH ,ll.an"e nO,ll.HOCHTH CBaKO,ll.HeBHe HenpaBlla6.llUMUp ,ll.e O,ll. CTpaHe npOTHBHHKa, 3aMOAH BeAa,ll.a HanyCTH PHM, cmWICe Y y3 o6ehaThe ,ll.a he pa,ll.O nohH 3a H>HM KaMO ro,ll. ,ll.a HX O,ll.­ rpy:>K. Be,ll.e, 3aje,ll.HO ca 2KeHaMa, ,ll.ell,OM H CBOM CBOjOM HMOBHHOM. )KeAehH HM y,ll.OBOlbHTH, BeAo HX npeBe,ll.e H3 AnyAHje y,llaAMall,Hjy, y MeCTO 3BaHO fPY2K. Y3 2KeHe H ,ll.eIJ,y pobaKa, y IlaBAHMHpoBoj npaTH>H 6ejaIlle H neTCTO BOjHHKa. Ka.n. CAoBeHH ,ll.03HaIlle 3a H>eroB ,ll.OAa3aK, CMeCTa MY noCAallle cBoje H3aCAaHHKe, MOAehH ra ,ll.a ,ll.obe K H>HMa H ,ll.a npeY3Me BAaCT Ha.n. Kpan"eBcTBoM Koje My no npaBy npHna.n.a. O,ll.a3BaBlllH ce H>HXOBHM MOA6aMa H HCKpll,aBIllH ce Ha KonHO, IlaBAHMHp nO'le Ha 06MH He,ll.MeKO fpY2Ka rpa­ ,ll.HTH yTBpbeThe KaKO 6H, y cAyqajy ,ll.a ce Mopa BpaTHTH Gsileje fiaW HaTpar, HMao CHryPHO MeCTO r,ll.e ce M02Ke nOByhH. BeCT 0 aymop (non TOMe CTH2Ke H ,ll.0 lbY,ll.H KOjH ce 6ejaxy CnaCHAH H3 pyIlle­ ,l!YYUbal-l.UH.) Y BHHa EnH,ll.aypa H ca.n. 2KHBlbaxy y IllyMaMa H ,ll.pyrHM npH3a6.Jlyau Jep b. zpaa PO,ll.HO 3aIllTHheHHM MeCTHMa, Te nOXHTarne nOMOllH IlaB­ ,l!y6pOBH.UKje AHMHpy Y H3rpa.n.H>H YTBpbeH>a. IlpeMa ThHXOBOj pe'lH Aayc ymeMe.JbeH. 3a »KaMeH>e~ ,ll.a.n.Ollle Toj TBpbaBH HMe i\ay3Hj, HO 3aTHM 700 zoauH.a npOMeHOM CAOBa A y P nOCTa Payca, npeM,ll.a ce Ta KYAa npe onucaHUX IT,";;: 36usaf-ba. HAH TBpbaBa Ha3HBa H HMeHOM ~vpOBHHK, no IllYMaMa r,ll.e je H3rpabeHa, C 063HpOM Ha TO ,ll.a je ».n.y6paBa« Ha CAOPayca ce BeHCKOM HCTO IllTO H »IllYMa«. Ila, ,ll.aKAe, He 3a.n.OBOlbHBIllH H.eKaiia 3Sa.Jla ce OHHM H3aCAaHCTBOM, CAOBeHH H3 '-IHTaBOra Kpan"eB­ /layca. CTBa, a HapO'-IHTO OHH H3 Tpe6HH>CKOr Kpaja, npHAa3HIlle Y < BeAHKOM 6pojy IlaBAHMHPY. ,llOBpIllHBlllH rpa.n.H>y YTBpbeH>a H nOCTaBHBlllH TaMO jaKe CTpa2Ke C OCTaTKOM EnH,ll.aypa, IlaBAHMHp KpeHy Ha nyT. CTH2Ke npBO y Tpe6HH>e, r,ll.e ra npHMHIlle y3 BeAHKe nO'-IaCTH, Te 3a BpeMe TherOBOr lla6.llUMUp 60paBKa TaMO CBH KHe2KeBH H nAeMHhH H>erOBOr Kpan"eBKPYH.UcaH. y CTBa My ,ll.ObOIlle y noxo,ll.e, H3Y3eB 2KYnaHa PaIllKe, KOjH Tpe6uf-by. 6ejaIlle nOTOMaK THXOMHAOBOr pO,ll.a. IlaBAHMHp 6H noCTaBlbeH H OKpYH>eH 3a Kpan"a Ha ,ll.aH Ba3HeceH>a focno,ll.­ Ther. Ho KOAHKO ro,ll. ,ll.a My 6ejarne MHAO 3a,ll.HBlbyjyhe 217 CarAacje KHe2KeBa y O.ll.AYll,H ,ll.a ra npOrAace Kpan"eM, CHAHO ce HnaK paCp,ll.H Ha 2KYnaHa Te CTOra O.ll.AyqH 3aYxsamu ce y . KOw.may c paTHTH C H>HM. CKYllHBIllH BOJCKY Hana,ll.Hy H>eroBe 3eMlbe, pawKUM Y 'lHjy 0,ll.6paHY CTynH C 6pOjHHM lbY,ll.CTBOM lbYTOMHP Oep :>KynaH.DM TO 6ejarne HMe 2KYflaHa PaIllKe), Te ce YXBaTHIlle y KOIllTall, lbyTrl.QM.upDM. Ha pell,H i\HMY. )KynaHoBa BojcKa, He ycne O,ll.OAeTH HaBMH IlaBAHMHpoBHX 60pall,a, npeTpne nopa3 H 6H HaTepaHa y 294 6eKCTBO. IlaBAHMHP KpeHy y nOTepy 3a H>HMa CBe,ll.O ,ll.pyre je,ll.He peKe, 3BaHe 116ap, r,ll.e HX ,ll.eAOM noy6Hja, a ,ll.pyre 3apo6H 2KHBe. IlpeAa3ehH MOCT Ha HCToj pell,H 2KYnaH norH6e O,ll. PYRe je,ll.HOra CBor BojHHKa y MHAOCTH IlaBAHMHpa, KOjH ra 3aKAa H 6all,H y peKY. O,ll.HeBIllH n06e.n.y, IlaBAHMHP 3arOCnO,ll.apH Kpan"eBCTBOM CBOjHX npe,ll.aKa, a 3eMlba ce CMHpH no,ll. H>eroBoM BAalllhy. Y cnOMeH Ha Ty no6e.n.y no­ ,ll.H2Ke y PalllKoj y 6AH3HHH KaA,ll.aHe ll,pKBY CB. IleTpa, noKpaj Koje Ha 6pery H3rpa.n.H rpa.n. KOjH no H>eMY ,ll.06H HMe BeAo, Te YTeMelbH TaMO 6HCKYnHjy Koja nOCTojH jOlll H ,ll.aH­ ,ll.aHac. KpeHy 3aTHM y noceTy CBHM nOKpajHHaMa CBora Kpan"eBCTBa, HO Ka.n. CTH2Ke y CpeM, TaMOIllH>H ce HapO,ll., CTynHBIllH y caBe3 C YrpHMa, HaOPY2Ka H CKYnH CHa2KHY BOjCKY npOTHB Thera. 3aMeTHYBlllH 60j C H>HMa, IlaBAHMHp HX nOTyqe, nopa3H H H3BpIllH CTpaIllaH nOKOlb, a O,ll. Tora ce BpeMeHa MeCTO Te 6HTKe y cnOMeH Ha O,ll.HeceHy n06e.n.y 30Be nOlbeM BeAHHo. Ha TO YrpH, 60jehH ce ,ll.a 6H IlaBAHMHp nO,ll.CTaKHyT THM H>HXOBHM Hana.n.OM Morao HaHeTH IllTeTe ThHXOBHM 3eMlbaMa, ynyTHIlle My MOA6y ,ll.a CKAone MHp. HaKOH .n.yrOTpajHHx 060CTpaHHX pa3roBopa H nperOBopa, 6H y,ll.OBOlbeHO ThHXOBOj MOA6H 3a MHP, HO y3 YCAOB ,ll.a Meba H3Meby nOKpajHHa H 3eMan"a y noce.n.y 06a HapO,ll.a 6y,ll.e peKa CaBa, Te ,ll.a y5y.n.yhe HH YrpHMa HH CAOBeHHMa He 6Y,ll.e ,ll.onylllTeHo npehH Ty rpaHHIJ,y. CKAOnHBlllH MHP, IlaBAHMHp ce 3anyTH y IlpHMopje, HO Ka.n. ce 3aTeKHy y Tpe6HThY, nOKOCH ra H3HeHa.n.Ha CMpT Te ra caxpaHHllle TaMO y ll,pKBH CB. ApxaHbeAa MHXajAa y3 BeAHKe norpe6He nO'-IaCTH, a 'lHTaB ra Hapo,ll. H>erOB JOIll .n.yI'O OnAaKHBallle. Ce,ll.MOra ,ll.aHa HaKOH TheI'OBe CMpTH 2KeHa My PO,ll.H CHHa KOMe ,ll.aIlle HMe TjeIllHMHp. CBH KHe2KeBH y Kpan"eBCTBY 0,ll.6HIlle nOCAYlllHOCT ,ll.eTeTY, nO'leBlllH O,ll. THXOMHAOBHX nOTOMaKa H3 PaIllKe. Tpe6HThll,H H i\aY2KaHH je,ll.HHH OCTaIlle BepHH CBOMe KPan"y, a TO H3 pa3Aora IllTO y Tpe6HH>y H y .lly6pOBHHKY 6ejaxy pOball,H no MYIllKOM KOAeHy TjeIllHMHpOBe MajKe. CyO'-IHBlllH ce C n06YHOM HapO,ll.a, ,ll.e'laKOBa ce MajKa, Ka,ll. oBaj ,ll.OCerHY MAa.n.HhKO ,ll.06a, no6pHHY ,ll.aTH My 3a 2KeHY je,ll.HY O,ll. KbepH qy,ll.OMHpa, 6aHa BeAe XpBaTCKe. TjelllHMHp je ,ll.OBe,ll.e KYhH H ,ll.o6H C H>OM ,ll.Ba CHHa, IlpeAeMHpa H KpelllHMHpa. Ka.n. OHH O,ll.paCTOIlle, OTall, TjelllHMHp nOCAa KpeIllHMHpa 6aHY BeAe XpBaTCKe, CBOM TaCTy, C MOA6oM,ll.a ca CBOjHM lbY,ll.HMa Hana.n.He 6aHa BocHe, ,ll.OK 6H OH C ,ll.pyrHM CHHOM nOBeo BOjCKY y npeBaAHTaHCKH Kpaj. BaH OBe nOCAe,ll.H>e nOKpajHHe cynpoTCTaBH HM ce, na Ka.n. ce YXBaTHIlle y KOlllTall" HCTH Taj 6aH nom6e y 6ojy, a TjeIllHMHp, KOjH 6ejaIlle paH>eH, Ha Kpajy nO.ll.AerHY paHaMa. TjeIllHMHpoB CHH IlpeAeMHp, 3axBalbyjyhH Toj n06e,ll.H, BpaTH ll,eAY BeAY XpBaTcKY no,ll. CBOjy 295 )f(ynaH nOZUH.e oil pYKe 6.llacmumux Jbyau. llaS.JlUMUp U3<mQ!OU zpail CpeMje .Mecmo K'.Dje Kacuooop y 3. Kf-bU3U H.a3USa ceiluwme.M roma. llaS.JlUMUp nomyt.te CpeMye U Yzpe. Yzpuu llas.JlU.Mup clUl.one .MUp. rpaHuya u3M.eby YzapCK'.e U lla6.llu­ .MUPOBOZ KpaJbeSCmBa. lla6.llU.Mup Y.Mpe Y Tpe6uf-by. ,l!y6poBt.taHU U Tpe6Uf-bl.Ju jeauHU ocmaH.Y sepH.u KPQJbY TjewUMupy. 218 BaH llpeBa.JlUmaHe nailHe Y 6ojy.


KpaJb IIpeJ!UMup. ilyKfl. ce HQJtQ3U Y BoeHu, 1':00 zpaoa TyxaJbe. IIpeCJwe ce HaJlQ3U nod --..--- BAaCT, Te 61i OKpYl:beH sa Kpalha Ii saBAa,na KpalheBCTBOM CBOjliX rrpe.n:aKa. BpaT lheroB KpeIllIiMlip, MeI)YTIiM, saje.n:HO C yjaKoM, Maj'-lIiHIiM 6paTOM, Orrlba'-lKa YCKOl1lbe, AyKY Ii TIAllBY. BocaHCKIi 6aH, YBIi.n:eBIllIi .n:a liM ce He MOLKe o.nyrrpeTIi, Ii He rrpli'-leKa l:bIiXOB .n:OAasaK, Hero rr06eLKe Y YrapcKY. He HaliIuaBIllIi .n:aKAe Hli Ha Kora KO 61i My ce cyrrpOTCTaBIiO, KpeIllIiMlip sa.n:061i HaTpar BOCHY· HernlT'O rrOTOM HanyCTIi oBaJ' CBeT He OCTaBHBIllH rrOTOMKe --v • l:berOB pol)aK C Maj'-lIiHe CTpaHe, Te KpeIllIiMlipy rrplirra.n:e ZOpOM Xe.MOC U BeAa XpBaTCKa. rOTOBO IiCTOBpeMeHo rrpeMIiHY Ii TIeTap, 6ueuwje BAa.n:ap Byrapa, '-llija rrpecToHliua 6ejaIlle rpa.n: TIpeCAaB. npeCmoHul!,a 6yzapClcux KOHCTaHTIiHOrrOlbcKIi Uap, Y JKelbli .n:a ce OKOPIiCTH TOM 1':paJbeea. rrpHAllKOM Ii SaYSMe ByrapcKY, CKYrrli 6pOjHO lby.n:CTBO Te roTOBO Y rroTnyHoCTIi rrOKOpliBIllIi ByrapcKo KpalheBCTBO, OCTaBH TaMO CBOjy BOjCKY, a OH ce BpaTH Y KOHCTaHTIiHorrOlb. Ho Ta l:beroBa BojcKa He Mora,ne MHpOBaTIi, Te yrra,ne y Ii sayse je. PallIKIi 6aH, OCTaBIllIi 6es cBoje rroKpajHHe, o.n:e y OHOroIllT KpalhY TIpeAeMHpy, saje.n:HO ca CHHOBHMa TIAeHoM H Pa,nlirpa.n:OM, Kao Ii C KhepKOM TIpeXBaAOM. 3aTeKOIlle Kpalha y JKYI1aHlijli OHOroIllT. BaHOBa KhH rrpaBa AerrOTliua Ii CBIi.D:li ce KpalhY rrpeKO CBaKe Mepe, Te OH rrpeKO CBOjliX CAYry .n:a,ne Ha SHal:be .n:eBoj'-lHHOM ony .n:a he, .n:06Hje Ali je sa JKeHY, rrpe.nyseTIi CBe He 6H All sa,n061i0 HaTpar .n:pJKaBY PaIllKY, KOjy 61i rrOTOM rrpe.n:ao 6aHY Ii lheroBHM rrOTOMUIiMa y HacAel)e, HO ys yCAOB .n:a OHH .n:06POBOlbHO rrpliXBaTe rroKopHoCT PaIllKe IIpe.JlUMUp KpalhY Ii .n:a My ce saKYHY Ha BepHOCT. BaHY ce TO CIiAHO o:;;ceHU 1':n.ep CBIi.n:H, Te CTora CMeCTa rrpliXBaTIi rroHy.ny. Kpalh .n:aKAe yse paw1':OZ 6mw. sa JKeHY 6aHOBY Khep Ii rrplipe,n;1i pacKoIllHy CBa,n6y. CBora llIypjaKa Pa,n;Hrpa,n;a rrOCTaBli sa KHesa OHorOIllTa. He.nyro rrOTOM rrpeMIiHy KOH-CTaHTIiHorrOlbCKIi Uap, Te TIpeAeMlip ca CBOjliM TaCTOM 6aHOM ,n;a,ne Mlir PaIllaHIiMa .n:a 6es 219 IiMaAO 06slipa MOry OTepaTIi Ii rroy6lijaTIi CBe TaMOIlll:be PawaHU rpKe, Te IiX PallIaHIi je,n;Hora ,n;aHa saliCTa CBe CMaKOIlle. noy6ujajy ma- TIpeAeMlip Ha TO o,n;e y PaIllKY ca CBOjliM TaCTOM, Te je MOWlUe rp1':e. rrpe,n;a y rroce,n; l:beMY Ii l:beroBHM rrOTOMUIiMa, sa,npLKaBIllIi sa ce6e CaMO KpalheBCKY '-laCT. )J{eHa l:beroBa TIpeXBaAa PO­ ,n;1i HaKOH Tora TIpeAeMHpy '-leTHpH CIiHa, XBaAliMlipa, BOAeCAaBa, ,llparlicAaBa H CBeBAa,na. Y LKelbH ,n;a My CIiHOnooeJ!u IIpeJ!UMUp ceoje .n:eAH Bli LKHBe CBaKOMe Mel)yc06HO ,n;eo KpalheBCTBa. y MHPY, OTau XBaAHMIiPY liM jOIll sa .n:a.n:e JKIiBOTa 3eTY ,n;oC KpaJbeecmeo. OKOAIiHOM Koja MeCTa: AYKa, TIo,n;AYLKje, rOpCKa, KyrreAHHK, 06AHK, TIparrpaTHa, UPMHHUa, BY.D:Ba C KyqeBOM Ii rpHrrOA. BOAeCAaBY ,n;O.n:eAH Tpe6Hlhe C OKOAHIiM MeCTIiMa: lby60Mlip, BeTHliua, KpYIlleBliua, BpM, PlicaH, ,llpa'-leBliua, KOHaBAIi Ii )J{PHOBIiUa. ,llparliCAaBY ,n;a,ne SeMlbe XYMa Ii CTOHCKY JKYI1aHlijy, C MeCTHMa: TIorrOBO, Ja6CKO, AYKa, BeAHKa rOpa, HMOTCKIi, Be'-lepliropje, 296 ,lly6paBa Ii ,lla6ap. CBeBAa.ny rraK ,n;a,ne 3eMlbe Koje AaTIiHIi 30BY Cy6MoHTaHa, a CAOBeHH TIo.n:ropje, ca LKYrraHlijoM OHOroIllT KOjOM cy 06YXBaheHH: Mopa'-la, KOMapHliua, TIIiBa, raUKO, HeBeCIil:be, I'yjIlleBo, KOM, ,lle6pe'-la, HepeTBa Ii PaMa. ,lleAoBe TaKO rro.n:elbeHe Mel)y CIiHOBIiMa HaSBa TeTpapxlijaMa, O,n;HOCHO '-leTBPTHHaMa KpalheBCTBa. TIOJKHBIi TIpeAeMlip jOllI MHOro ro,n;IiHa, .n:O'-leKaBIllH .n:a BH.n:H Ii YHYKe CBOjliX CIiHOBa, HaKOH '-lera HarrYCTH oBaj CBeT, a CIiHOBIi ra caxpaHHIlle ys BeAllKe rrO'-laCTIi y UpKBIi CB. TIeTpa y PaIllKoj. BpaTY l:beroBoM KpeIllIiMlipy pO,n;1i ce CIiH KOMe ,n;a.n:OllIe HMe H KOjH HaKOH O'-leBe CMPTIi saBAa,na BOCHOM H BeAOM XpBaTCKOM, Kao H l:beroBIi rrOTOMUH. TIoMeHyTOM CrecpaHY je.n:Ha rrpliAeJKHIiua pO,n;1i CIiHa xpOMor Ha 06e Hore, ITO IiMeHY AereT, Kora HaKOH O'-leBe CMpTIi o,n;Be,n;OIlle y Tpe6Hl:be 6paTlihy BOAeCAaBy. BOPaBehli TaMO, salhy61i ce OH y .n:eBojKY IiMeHa AOBliua, y lheroBoj CAYLK61i ITO HaAOry BOAeCAaBOBY. Yse je sa LKeHY Ii ,n;061i C l:bOM ce,n;aM CIiHOBa KOjIi, Ka,n; rroo,n;paCTOIlle, rrOCTallIe O,ll;AIi'-lHIi paTHHUH Ii rrpaBIi jYHaUIi. TIpeAeMHpOBIi CIiHOBIi, rrO'-leBIllH OCOpHO rrOCTyrraTH C Hapo­ ,n;OM, HaBYKOllIe Ha ce6e BeAllKY MPJKl:by. Hapo,n; CTora 3aMOAH AereTa Ii CIiHOBe l:beroBe ,n;a rrpoTepajy TIpeAeMHpOBe rrOTOMKe Ii rrpeysMy KpalheBCTBO. AereTOBH ce CHHOBH rrocaBeTOBaIlle 0 TOMe C oueM Ii C HajyrAe,n;HHjHM lby,n;HMa y KpalbeBCTBY, Te YCTaIlle rrpOTIiB rrOTOMaKa Kpalha TIpeAeMlipa Ii rr06YHliBllIIi '-lHTaB Hapo,n; CMaKHYIlle CBe 1i3 KpalbeBCKe rropo,n;liue, IisyseB CIiABeCTpa, KOjH ce C MajKoM je,n;Ba ycrre CKAOHIiTIi y AaysHj. lberOBa MajKa, HaliMe, rropeKAOM 6ejaIlle yrrpaBo 1i3 ,lly6poBHHKa. HaKOH CBIiX TIiX y6liCTaBa, AereTOBIi CIiHOBIi 3aBAa,naIlle 3eMlbaMa CBOjliX pol)aKa. OTau l:bIiXOB 1i3rpa,nH sa ce6e y KOTOPCKOM SaAHBY, Y MeCTy 3BaHOM Tpajero, Te TaMO rrpeceAH CBOj ,n;BOp. Ho CBeMoryhli Bor, KOjH He Tprrli CAIi'-lHe SAO­ '-lIiHe, y6pso sa,na AereTY Ii lherOBIiM CHHOBHMa TaKaB y,n;apau ,n;a CBIi rrOYMlipaIlle o,n; KYre Ii ,n;pyrliX 3aAa. Ka,n; BH.n:e TO oHaj Hapo.n: KOjli IiX 6ejaIlle rro,n;CTaKHYO Ha sAa, CHAHO ce rrpeCTpaIllIi, 60jehli ce ,n;a 61i rocrro.n: Ii rrpOTHB l:bIiX Morao rrOKasaTIi TaKBY cpI,l6y. OKYrrHIlle ce CTora Ha Behalhe H O,ll;AyqliIlle rrOCTaBIiTIi 3a CBora Kpalha CIiABeCTpa, je,n;IiHor (KaKO peKOCMO) KOjH 6ejaIlle rrpOHallIao crrac y ,lly6POBHHKY. CIiABeCTap TaKO HarrYCTH ,lly6pOBHHK H rrpey3e BAaCT Ha,n; O'-lHHCKIiM KpalheBCTBOM, a 3a BpeMe lherOBor JKHBOTa seMlba je JKIiBeAa y cpehH. Kao 60r060­ <,.U'X....."nL> '-lOBeK, ,n;eAIiO je rrpaB.ny CBIiMa 6e3 pa3AHKe, KaKO rrpliCTojH. PO,n;1i My ce CIiH Ha3BaH TyreMHp, KOjH HaKOH O'-leBe CMpTIi rrpeyse BAaCT Ha,n KpalheBCTBOM. TyreMlip ce, ycrreBIllIi ce Ha rrpecTo, OJKeHIi Ii ,n;06H CHHa je,n;IiHua XBaAHMHpa, a IisY3eB Tora sa LKIiBOTa He yqliHIi HlillITa ,n;pyro 297 PaMa ce HaJla3U Ha ZpaHUl!,U BOCHe U X.nujeeHa. ilezem. iloeul!,a. JeOuHU Cu.neecmep 00 IIpeJ!e.Mu­ poeux nomo­ Ma1':a npoHaoe cnacy ,l!y6poeHU1':y 220 ilezemoe oeop y KomopC1':OM 3aJlUey. Cu.neecmep npey:'J,)l.te 1':paJbeecmeo. 00 moza cy 6pOe1{aHU 1':paJba,l!y­om- 1':ynu..nu ceoja mpu ocmpea, mo jecm lllu­ naH, ilonyo U Kwwt{en. KpaJb TyZe.MUp.


-- Kpaib XBaJtUMUp. lloCieJtu ce XBaJtUMUPOBO ICpaJbeBCmeo. BaJtmaje CKaoapc/CO BJtaoa llempuCJtaB. KpaJb BJI_aihu.tup.. 6 B 6' 6 KOJOM ra ,ll.O pH or eJaIlle 0 ,ll.apHO, KpaCHAe cy ra Be221 AHKa MY,ll.POCT H CBeTOCT. 3a BpeMe EberOBe BAa,ll.aBHHe crrOMeHYTH CaMYHAO, ll,ap Byrapa, rrpo,ll.pe ca CHa1KHOM BOjCKOM Y JlaAMaIJ,Hjy H CTa.ll.e xapaTH 3eMn:.OM KpaIba BAa­ ,ll.HMHpa. OBaj rrOCAe,ll.EbH, 'WBeK qeCTHT H je,ll.HOCTaBaH, KaKO He 6H rrorHHYO HHTKO O,ll. EberoBHX, He XTe,ll.e yhH y paT HH cyrrpoTcTaBHTH ce CaMYHAY. YMeCTO Tora, rrorre ce Ha BpAO BHCOKY ITAaHHHY 3BaHY 06AHK H CMeCTH ce TaMO ca cBojHMa. YBH,ll.eBIllH ,ll.a He M01Ke HHKaKO HaIllKO,ll.HTH KpaIbY BAa.ll.HMHPY CBe ,ll.OK je CKAOlbeH y 6p,ll.HMa, ByrapHH ,ll.eo cBoje BojcKe OCTaBH y rrO,ll.H01Kjy ITAaHHHe, a C OCTaTOJllj,UHUjYM, KOM n:.Y,ll.CTBa OH AHqHO KpeHY y oCBajaEbe OAll,HHHYMa. Y oaHac YJllj,Wfo. TO,ll.O 6 6 a, y p,ll.HMa r,ll.e BAa,ll.HMHp rrpe 6' HBaIlle ca CBOjHMa, < 6ejaIlle MHoro 3MHja OTpOBHHll,a Koje y6Hjaxy n:.y,ll.e, 6aIll Kao H 1KHBOTHEbe. Ka.ll. BAa.ll.HMHP BHje KaKBe He,ll.ahe Tprre EberoBH n:.y,ll.H O,ll. THX 3BepH, rrOKopHOM ce MOAHTBOM 06paTH Bory ,ll.a HX OCAo60,ll.H Tora 3Aa. rOCrrO,ll.HH YCAHIllH f.{yoecHaMon Ty lberOBY MOAHTBY, Te OTa.ll. He caMO ,ll.a HHTKO O,ll. lbHX He MOJlUmBe CTpa.ll.a O,ll. ryje Hero CBe ,ll.O ,ll.aHa ,ll.aHallilbera 3MHje H KpWba ,ll.pyre OTpOBHe 3BepH Tora Kpaja He MOry HallIKO,ll.HTH BJlaoUMupa. Y n:.y,ll.HMa. BH,ll.eBIllH, ,ll.aKAe (KaKO peqeHO), ,ll.a ce CHAOM He M01Ke ,ll.OMohH KpaIba BAa.ll.HMHpa, CaMYHAO ra CTa.ll.e rrYTeM CBOjHX H3aCAaHHKa MaMHTH ,ll.a CHoe C rrAaHHHe, y3 o6ehaEbe ,ll.a My Hehe HaHeTH HHKaKBO 3AO. Ho Ka.ll. BAa.ll.HMHP O,ll.6H ,ll.a rroBepyje THM rropYKaMa, je,ll.aH O,ll. EbeKpaJba roBHX :myrraHa rroTajHo ,ll.ojaBH CaMYHAY ,n:a he My rrpe,ll.aTH BJlaoUMupa y PYKe BAa.ll.HMHpa H CBe EberOBe n:.y,ll.e aKO My 3aY3BpaT U30a jeoaH 00 6Y,ll.e o6ehaHa HeKa BeAHKa Harpa.ll.a. CaMYHAO My Ha TO H:>eZ08UX lbyOU. o6eha 6p,ll.a H ,ll.OAHHe, Te :myrraH CTa.ll.e y6eQHBaTH KpaIba 298 ,ll.OCTOjHO CrrOMHlbaEba. Y BpeMe EberoBe BAa,ll.aBHHe Ha ll,apCKH ce rrpeCTO Y ByrapcKoj ycrre HeKH CaMYHAO, KOjH Y 6op6H rrpOTHB rpKa HarrOKOH HCTepa H3 ByrapcKe Te EbeHe yrEbeTaqe. BejaIlle OH rpll,HMa TaKaB CTpax H TperreT ,ll.a ce OHH 3a EberoBa 1KHBOTa BHIlle HHKa.ll. He O,ll.Ba1KHIlle rrpH6AH1KHTH ce ByrapcKoj. HaKOH CMpTH KpaIba TyreMHpa, ,ll.aKAe, HaCAe,ll.H ra CHH lberOB XBaAHMHp. 01KeHH ce OH H ,ll.06H TpH CHHa. TIeTpHCAaBa. JlparHMHpa H MHpOCAaBa. TIeTpHCAaBY ,ll.a,ll.e BAaCT Ha,ll. 3eTOM, JlparHMHpy ,ll.O,ll.eAH Tpe6HEbe H XYM, a MHpOCAaBY TIO,ll.ropje. Ha Kpajy, OCTapeBIIIH, CKOHqa XBaAHMHP cBoje ,ll.aHe. MHpOCAaB KpeHY je,ll.HOM y rrOXO,ll.e 6paTY CBOM TIeTpHCAaBY H YKpll,a ce Ha HeKY 6P0,ll.Hu,y, HO TOKOM rrAOBH,ll.6e BaATOM rrO,ll.H1Ke ce oAyja, y KOjOj MHpOCAaB rrorH6e 3aje,ll.HO ca CBHMa cBojHMa H He OCTaBHBIllH HaCAe,ll.HHKa. TIeTpHcAaB Ta,ll.a 3arocrro­ ,ll.apH H 6paTOBn:.eBHM 3eMn:.aMa. Jl06H 3aTHM CHHa KOMe ,ll.a,ll.e HMe BAa.ll.HMHP, a Ka.ll. rrpeMHHY, caxpaHHIlle ra y ll,pKBH CB. MapHje y ra1KeHHMa. BAa.ll.HMHP, Ta,ll.a MAa,ll.Hh, rrpey3e BAaCT Ha.ll. KpaIbeBCTBOM, a OCHM TeAeCHe AerrOTe, BAa,ll.HMHpa ,ll.a ce He ,ll.BOyMH H ,n:a ce rrpe,ll.a Y PYKe ByrapHHY, jaMqefiH My,ll.a My oBaj Hehe HaHeTH HHKaKBO SAO HerO,ll.a he, HarrpoTHB. TO HhH Ha EbHXOBY KOPHCT, CBe H ,n:a ce ByrapHH AOIlle rrOHece rrpeMa lbeMY AHqHO. KpaIb BAa,ll.HMHp, 1KaAehH cBoje n:.y,ll.e H 6pHHyhH ce 3a lbHX BHIlle HO 3a ce6e caMora, C 063HPOM Ha TO ,ll.a (KaKO peKOCMO) 6ejaIlle CBeTH qOBeK, Ha Kpajy rrorrYCTH :myrraHOBHM HaroBapalbHMa. OKYrrHBIllH MHOIllTBO, OBHM HM ce peqHMa 06paTH: »HY)K.IJ:a Me CHAH (KaKO MH ce qHHH), rrpe,n:para 6paho Moja, ,ll.a y OBOM TpeHYTKY y,ll.OBOn:.HM OHOj eBaHQeocKoj H3pell,H Koja Ka1Ke: 'Jl06pOM ce rracTHpy rrpHcTojH 3aA01KHTH .n:yIlly 3a crrac CBora CTa.ll.a' (I1B 10, 11). ByrapHH o6ehaBa ,ll.a CBe Bac He03AeQeHe rryCTH aKO ja CHQeM H O,ll.eM rropa3rOBopHTH ce C EbHMe; aKO rraK He yqHHHM TaKO, rrpeTH ,ll.a Hehe HarrYCTHTH rrOA01Kaj CBe ,n:OK CBH He rroMpeMO O,ll. rAa.ll.H. Bon:.e je, ,ll.aKAe, ,ll.a ce rrpe,ll.aM y EberOBe pYKe H rrperrYCTHM My ce Ha MHAOCT H HeMHAOCT, HerOAH ,n:a CBe Bac O,ll.Be,ll.eM y BeAHKe rraTEbe H HeBon:.e.« PeKaBIllH TO H rr03,ll.paBHBllIH ce ca CBHMa, O,ll.e CaMYHAY KOjH ra, TeK IllTO ra ce ,ll.oqerra, rrporna y Kpaj KO,ll. y MeCTO 3BaHO tTIpecrra, r,ll.e My 6ejame rrpeCTOHHll,a. CaMYHAO HaKOH Tora C qHTaBOM CBOjOM BOjCKOM HacpHy Ha Y All,Hlb, HO He ycrreBIllH 3aY3eTH rpa,n:, rroxapa JlaAMall,Hjy CBe ,n:o 3a,ll.pa, a y3 OCTaAa 3Aa Koja HaHece ll,eAOM Kpajy, CrraAH Aay3Hj H KOTOp. HaHece TaKOQe BeAHKe IllTeTe H BOCHH H PaIllKoj, Te ce Ha Kpajy, He OCTaBHBIllH HHTH je,ll.HY je,ll.HHY CTBap qHTaBOM H HeTaKHYTOM, BpaTH y ByrapcKY. 3a BpeMe CBHX THX 36HBalba BAa.ll.HMHP 6ejaIlle y 3aTOqeHHllITBY H, yrrpKOC TOMe IllTO cy C EbHM BpAO AOllie rrocTyrraAH, OH je CBe TO rrO,ll.HOCHO C HeH3MepHHM CTprrn:.elbeM. MyqehH TeAO rrOCTOM, qeCTO ce MOAHTBOM o6pahao rocrro.n:y ,ll.a My rroMorHe H ,n:a My ce CMHAyje. Je,ll.He My ce HohH y CHY jaBH aHQeO rOcrro,n:EbH, xpa6pehH ra H HaroBellIhyjyhH My IllTa he My ce ,ll.OrO,ll.HTH, Te ,n:a he ra rOcrro,ll. H36aBHTH H3 3aTOqeHHIllTBa H ,n:a he My MyqeHHIllTBO oCHrypaTH MeCTO y KpaIbeBCTBY He6eCKOM. Ta BH3Hja BpaTH cHary 6Aa1KeHOM BAa,ll.HMHpy, Te ce OH JOIll rrpe,ll.aHHje rrOCBeTH MOAHTBaMa H pa3HHM TeAeCHHM Tprrn:.eEbHMa. Je,ll.HOra ,n:aHa Kocapa, KhH CaMYHAOBa, ,n:OQe K ou,y 3aKAHEbyhH ra ,n:a joj ,n:orrYCTH rroceTHTH 3aTBopeHHKe H 3a n:.y6aB HX B01Kjy orrpaTH. AaKO ,ll.06HBllIH ,n:03BOAY O,ll. Oll,a H YIllaBIllH y TaMHHu,y, H3MeQY OCTaAHX 3aTBopeHHKa Koje orrpa 6ellIe H KpaIb BAa.ll.HMHp. BH,ll.eBIllH rro,n:06y lberoBY KpacHY, a HapOqHTO CKPOMHOCT, pa36opHTOCT H MHAHHy EberOBHX peqH, Ka.ll. ce BpaTH ou,y 6all,H ce rrpe,n: EbHM Ha Kon:.eHa, MOAehH ra ,ll.a OCAo60,ll.H BAa,ll.HMHpa H3 TaMHHll,e H ,ll.a joj ra ,ll.a 3a MY1Ka. TIPOMHCAHBIllH 0 TOMe KaKO je BAa.ll.HMHP ,n:peBHor KpaIbeBCKOr pO­ ,ll.a, Te KaKO ra Kpace CBe OHe BpAHHe Koje TaKBOM qOBeKY 299 Beceiia ICpaJba BJtaoUMupa 1t>eZOBUM lbyihu.ta. 222 KalCo nuwe COIjJUjuH, iipeBHo UMe Oxpuoa 6ejawe il.WCHUO,OOIC za Tum il.uBuje HU3UBU AClCypuoa. fYOpyZUM u3BopUMa HaJta3UMO UMe llpeCJlaB. CaMYUJIo ByzapuH CUJlOBUmO xapu j{aJtMUlj,ujOM. Kpaiby BJlaihu.tupy y/(Q}/(e ce aHOeo. Kocapa, ICnu ICpaJbU Hoze peHUlj,UMa. UJla, 3umeonepe CaMy­


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