Perfect English Grammar

PERFECT
ENGLISH
GRAMMAR

Ms. Sarlilpak Uasuwonkul

CONTENTS

Introduction 3
Unit 1 Nouns 4
Unit 2 Definite and Indefinite Articles 5
Unit 3 Adjectives 6
Unit 4 Personal Pronouns 7
Unit 5 Verbs 8
Unit 6 Auxiliary Verbs 9

INTRODUCTION

Many people consider learning grammar a chore.
And at times, it can be. But understanding the
grammar of any language is essential for
becoming a skilled and accurate user of that
language. English is certainly no exception.

The rules of grammar for a language learner are
like the rules of the road for a driver. In order
to be able to drive properly and maneuver with
other drivers, you have to know the rules that
everyone goes by. Naturally, some people break
the rules and make driving difficult for other
drivers. This is true of language, too. If you
follow the rules of grammar, you can express
yourself clearly. But if you fail to observe those
rules, people may find it difficult to understand
you or they may even misunderstand you
entirely. So it’s really very important to
understand and use correct grammar.

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UNIT 1 NOUNS

Nouns can be either proper or common. Proper nouns are those
that refer to a particular person, place, thing, or idea. Such

nouns are capitalized: America, George Washington, Mr.
Neruda, October. Nouns that do not refer to a particular

person, place, thing, or idea are common nouns. They are not
capitalized: land, girls, money, test. Compare the following list
of proper and common nouns:

Proper Nouns Common Nouns
Mexico country
English language
Ms. Finch woman
December month

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UNIT 2 DEFINITE AND INDEFINITE
ARTICLES

The English definite article is the. It is used to identify a
particular person or thing. If you are speaking about someone
or something you are already familiar with, you use the with the
noun. Look at these example:
- I already know the man.
- She met the women who won the lottery.
The indefinite article is used to describe someone or something
that is unfamiliar to you or about which you are speaking in
general. There are two forms: a and an. Use a before a word
beginning with a consonant. Use an before a word beginning
with a vowel. Look at these examples:
- He sees a stranger on the corner.
- She has an idea.

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UNIT 3 ADJECTIVES

Adjectives are words that describe nouns. They tell the size,
color, or quality of something: a big room, the red car, four
interesting books. Here are some commonly used adjectives:
beautiful big black boring careful careless early fast loud funny
old handsome quiet interesting right late sad little short long
slow tall terrible thirsty ugly young white wrong

Just like nouns, adjectives can follow the predicate. They most
often come after forms of the verbs to be and to become:
- My sister was very sad.
- The horse suddenly became thirsty.

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UNIT 4 PERSONAL
PRONOUNS

Pronouns are words that take the place of nouns. The English
personal pronouns are:

Singular Plural

First Person I We

Second Person you you

Third Person he, she, it they

But when used as a direct object or indirect object, some of the
pronouns change:

Subject Direct Object Indirect Object

I me me

You you you

He him his

She her her

It its it

We us our

They theirs them

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UNIT 5 VERBS

Verbs are the words in a sentence that describe the action of a
sentence or that introduce the condition or state of someone or
some- thing in the sentence.

Action: Anna throws the ball.
Introduction of a condition: Trent is very sick.

There are many action verbs. Those that can have a direct object
are often called transitive verbs. Here is a list of some commonly
used transitive verbs. Note that they can be used with a direct
object.

Transitive Verbs Used in a Sentence
buy He buys a newspaper.

carry I am carrying the child

help She helps us

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UNIT 6 AUXILIARY VERBS

You have already encountered three auxiliary (or helping)
verbs: be, do, and have. They are conjugated and used with
another verb to change that verb’s meaning or tense:
I go - I am going (changed to in progress or incomplete)
you sing - do you sing? (changed to a question)
she makes - she has made (changed to the present perfect tense)

There are several other auxiliary verbs you should know. Note
that many of the auxiliary verbs cannot be used in all tenses.
And in some cases, you have to change to a different verb to
form a specific tense. The following examples will be
conjugated with the third-person pronoun he:

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