EDEN IAS - Beginners Guide

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Distribution of key natural resources across the world

• Classification of Resources Agricultural Resources
• World Distribution of resources • Distribution of agricultural resources
• Indian Distribution of resources • Types of Farming
• Conservation of Resources • Cropping Patterns and Crop Regions
• Contribution of agriculture to
Land Resources economy
• Land Utilisation • Agriculture and Food Security
• Land Use Pattern
• Land Degradation & Conservation Mineral & Energy Resources
• Classification of Minerals
Forest Resources • Ferrous & Non-Ferrous
• Type & Distribution • Occurrence of Minerals
• Grasslands, Forests etc. • Distribution of Minerals
• Causes of Depletion • Conservation of Minerals
• Conservation of Forests
Energy Resources
Water Resources • Classification of Energy Resources –
• Marine & Freshwater resources Conventional & Non-Conventional
• Distribution of water resources • Occurrence of Energy Resources
• Water Scarcity & Need For • Conservation of Energy Resources
Conservation
• Water Resources Management

Factors responsible for the location of primary, secondary, and tertiary sector
industries in various parts of the world (including India)

• Classification of Industries • Role of Transport and
• Distribution of major industries Communication in Industrial location
• Natural Factors responsible for
• World Industrial regions
industrial location • Industrial region of India
• Economic factors responsible for the • Industrial agglomeration and

location of industries Industrial Concentration
• Role of Human behaviour in Industrial • Footloose industries

location

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Geographical features and their location-changes in critical geographical features
(including water-bodies and ice-caps) and in flora and fauna and the effects of such

changes.

• Location of Fold, block and volcanic • Melting of glaciers and rise of sea
mountains level

• Location of major aggradational plains • Global warming and Climate Change

• Location of Major plateaus • Ocean acidification
• Location of Glaciers and ice-caps • Desertification
• Ground and surface water depletion
• Erosion and deforestation

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GENERAL STUDIES (II) TOPIC WISE DETAILED ANALYSIS

General Studies (II) consists of Indian Polity and Constitution, Governance, Social Justice
and International Relations. A topic wise syllabus breakup of General Studies (II) is
provided hereunder:

Indian Polity and Constitution

• Indian Constitution—historical underpinnings, evolution, features, amendments,
significant provisions and basic structure

• Functions and responsibilities of the Union and the States, issues and challenges
pertaining to the federal structure, devolution of powers and finances up to local
levels and challenges therein.

• Separation of powers between various organs dispute redressal mechanisms
and institutions.

• Comparison of the Indian constitutional scheme with that of other countries
• Parliament and State legislatures—structure, functioning, conduct of business,

powers & privileges and issues arising out of these
• Structure, organization and functioning of the Executive and the Judiciary—

Ministries and Departments of the Government; pressure groups and
formal/informal associations and their role in the Polity
• Salient features of the Representation of People’s Act.
• Appointment to various Constitutional posts, powers, functions and
responsibilities of various Constitutional Bodies
• Statutory, regulatory and various quasi-judicial bodies

Indian Constitution—historical underpinnings, evolution, features, amendments,
significant provisions and basic structure

Historical Underpinning & Evolution Salient Features of Indian Constitution

• British Constitutional legislations • Preamble and Core Values of the Indian
• Regulating Act (1773) to Independence constitution

Act (1947) • Lengthiest Written Constitution
• Formation of the Constituent Assembly • Federal Constitution with Unitary Bias
• The Objectives Resolution • Blend of Flexibility and Rigidity
• Enactment & Enforcement of the • Parliamentary Form of Government
Constitution • India- A welfare state

• Procedure established by Law and Due
Process of Law

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Amendments Significant Provisions and Basic structure

• Procedure for Amendment • Fundamental Rights
• List of Significant Amendments • Fundamental Duties
• The 42nd amendment and recasting of the • Directive Principles of State Policy
• Judicial Review and legislative sovereignty
Indian constitution • Universal Adult Franchise
• The 44th Amendment to the Indian • Single Citizenship
• Three tier government
constitution • Basic Structure and related Supreme
• 73rd and 74th Constitutional amendments
• Other significant amendments Court judgements
• Amendment as a tool for meeting

aspirations
• Dangers of regular amendments

Functions and responsibilities of the Union and the States, issues and challenges
pertaining to the federal structure, devolution of powers and finances up to local levels

and challenges therein

• The Union, State and Concurrent Lists • Devolution of Powers and local
• Legislative powers and functions government

• Financial powers and functions • Financial Devolution
• Regulating Functions of the government • Role of Central and State Finance
• Development functions of the government commissions
• Centrally sponsored schemes and issues • Union control over state government,
therein state legislation and finances

• Centre-State relations pre and post 1991 LPG • Challenges related to Financial
reforms devolution to Panchayats
• Inter-State Water Disputes • Reasons for Ineffective Performance of
• Inter-State Councils Urban Local bodies

• Public Acts, Records and Judicial Proceedings • Sarkaria Commission, Punchhi
• Role of Governor Commission and Second ARC
• Inter-State Trade and Commerce recommendations
• Zonal Councils • Co-operative and Competitive

• Federal Distribution of Powers and federalism

responsibilities • NITI Aayog
• Centre-State relations during emergencies • Necessary Changes and reforms

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Separation of powers between various organs

• Theory of Separation of Powers • Provisions for Checks & Balances in
• Doctrine of Checks and Balances Indian Constitution
• Separation of Powers under the Indian
• The Golaknath case, Kesavananda
Constitution Bharati case, Indira Gandhi Vs Raj
• Separation of Functions Narain case, Ram Jawaya vs Punjab
case and other cases

Dispute redressal mechanisms and institutions

• Types of disputes • Dispute resolution tribunals
• Meaning of dispute redressal • Fast track courts: achievements,
• Necessity of a robust dispute redressal
issues and challenges
mechanism • Alternative Dispute Resolution
• Dispute redressal and popular grievances • Gram Nyayalayas and Family Courts
• RTI and Dispute resolution • Lok Adalats
• PIL and Dispute resolution • NALSA: functions, issues and

challenges

Comparison of the Indian constitutional scheme with that of other countries

• Political systems around the world • Comparison with the constitution of
• Borrowed features of Indian Constitution USA, UK, Germany, Japan, Russia,

• Points of Convergence between Indian France, Switzerland, South Africa,
constitution and other known significant Australia etc
constitutions • Comparison of Indian constitution
with its neighbours

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Parliament and State legislatures—structure, functioning, conduct of business, powers
& privileges and issues arising out of these

• Functions of Parliament • Motions and resolutions in the

• Composition of Rajya Sabha Parliament
• Composition of Lok Sabha • Powers and Privileges of MPs and
• Composition of State Legislative assembly
MLAs
and State Legislative Council • Financial proceedings and Money bills
• Qualification and disqualification of MPs and • Comparison of Lok Sabha and Rajya

MLAs Sabha
• Vacation of seats in Union and State • Comparison of Legislative assembly

legislature and legislative councils
• Sessions of parliament • Women reservation in Parliament

• Legislative procedure and processes • Parliamentary committees
• Officers of Parliament and state legislature • Judicial activism and Judicial
• Parliamentary Proceedings
overreach
• Delegated legislation and issues

therein

Structure, organization and functioning of the Executive and the Judiciary

Union Executive • Appointment of Judges of the Supreme
• President Court and Collegium system
• Vice President
• Powers and duties of President • Removal of Judges of the Supreme Court
• Veto Power of the President • Qualification of Judges of the Supreme
• Ordinance making power of the President
• Pardoning power of the President Court
• The Prime Minister • Independence of the Supreme Court
• Powers and Functions of the Prime Minister • Powers and Jurisdiction of Supreme Court
• Union Council of Ministers • Supreme Court Advocates
State Executive • Judicial Review and Ninth Schedule
• Governor • Judicial Activism Vs Judicial Restraint
• Powers and duties of the Governor • Judicial Overreach
• Constitutional Position of the Governor • Public Interest Litigation (PIL)
• Chief Minister • High Courts
• Powers and Functions of Chief Minister • Appointment of Judges of the High Court
• Removal of Judges of the High Court
• State Council of Ministers • Qualification of Judges of the High Court
Judiciary • Independence of the High Court
• Supreme Court of India • Powers and Jurisdiction of High Court

• Subordinate Courts

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Ministries and Departments of the Government

• Central Ministries • State Ministries
• Cabinet Ministers • State Departments
• Minister of state • Cabinet Secretariat
• Minister of state (IC) • Cabinet Secretary
• Deputy Ministers • State Secretariat
• Central Departments • Chief Secretary

Pressure groups and formal/informal associations and their role in the Polity

• Characteristics of Pressure Groups • Functions, Role & importance of Pressure
• Pressure Groups & Political Parties Groups
• Pressure Groups & Interest Groups
• Types of Pressure Groups • Techniques/Methods used by Pressure
• Pressure Groups and Democracy Groups
• Pressure Groups Vs Political Parties
• Pressure Groups in India
• Issues related to Pressure Groups

Salient features of the Representation of People’s Act.

• Representation of the People Act (RPA), • Important sections of RPA
1950 • Voter Verifiable Paper Audit Trail
• Amendments to the RPA
• Delimitation Commission • Supreme Court’s verdict on various
• The Representation of the People Act
sections of RPA
(RPA),1951

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Appointment to various Constitutional posts, powers, functions and responsibilities of
various Constitutional Bodies

• Election Commission • Special Officer for Linguistic
• Union Public Service Commission Minorities
• State Public Service Commission
• Finance Commission • Comptroller and Auditor General of
• National Commission for SCs India

• Attorney General of India
• Advocate General of the State

Statutory, regulatory and various quasi-judicial bodies

• NITI Aayog • Medical Council of India
• Reserve Bank of India • Inland Waterways Authority of
• National Human Rights Commission
• State Human Rights Commission India Central Ground Water
• Central Information Commission Authority
• Directorate General of Civil
• Central Vigilance Commission Aviation
• Central Bureau of Investigation • Pension Fund Regulatory and
• Lokpal and Lokayuktas Development Authority
• National Commission for Women • Food Safety and Standards
Authority of India
• National Commission for Backward • Bar Council of India
Classes • University Grants Commission
• Financial Stability and
• National Commission for Minorities Development Council
• Insurance Regulatory and Development • All India Council for Technical
Education
Authority • National Green Tribunal
• Securities and Exchange Board of India • Competition Appellate Tribunal
• Competition Commission of India • Income-Tax Appellate Tribunal
• Telecom Regulatory Authority of India • Cyber Appellate Tribunal
• Intellectual Property Appellate
• Central Electricity Regulatory Board
Commission • Biodiversity Authority Of India
• Press Council Of India
• Atomic Energy Regulatory Board
• Central Pollution Control Board

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Governance

• Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and
issues arising out of their design and implementation

• Development processes and the development industry —the role of NGOs, SHGs,
various groups and associations, donors, charities, institutional and other
stakeholders.

• Important aspects of governance, transparency and accountability, e-governance
applications, models, successes, limitations, and potential; citizens charters,
transparency & accountability and institutional and other measures

• Role of civil services in a democracy

Government policies and interventions for development

• Government Policies and creation of • Critical assessment of Central
social capital government schemes

• Government interventions in health • Rationalisation of Centrally
Sponsored Schemes
• Government Poverty reduction policies

• Government education and skill • Major Socio-Economic Schemes like
development programmes
• Beti Bachao Beti Padhao
• Creation of wealth and employment • Smart City
through government policies • Swachh Bharat Abhiyan
• MGNERGA
• Optimum utilization of resources • Digital India
• Right targeting, plugging leakages and • Make in India
• Skill India
cutting down of wasteful • PM Jan Dhan Yojana
• Expenditure • Start-up India
• Use of available knowledge, research and • Stand-up India

innovation. Concerns and issues related
to government programmes

• Ayushman Bharat etc

Development processes and the development industry

• Meaning of Development Industry • Health-right International
• Issues and Challenges faced by development • International Committee of the Red
industry Cross
• Role of Social Capital Organisations • Compassion International
• Role and Impact of Non-governmental • Action Aid
Organizations (NGOs) • The Library Project

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• Legitimacy and accountability of NGOs • PETA foundation
• Issues related to foreign funding of NGOs • World Vision International
• Self Help Groups (SHGs) • Oxfam
• Need and Benefits of SHGs • Amnesty International
• SHGs and women empowerment • International Federation for Human
• Societies, Trusts and Cooperatives
• Religious endowments Rights
• Functions, issues and challenges related to
• Friends of People Close to nature
the cooperative sector • Survival International
Important organisations like • Commonwealth Human Rights

• Doctors without Borders initiative
• CARE foundation
• IUCN
• WWF for nature
• Help-age India

Important aspects of governance, transparency and accountability

• Dimensions of Governance • Lokpal & Lokayuktas Act
• Features of Good Governance • Role of Citizenry
• Barriers to Good Governance • Role of Media
• Accountability and transparency • Social Audit
• Aspects of Transparency • e-Governance
• Elements & Types of Accountability • Citizen’s Charter
• Right to Information (RTI) • Components of Citizen’s Charters
• Grievance Redressal and Ombudsman • Implementation of Citizen’s charters
• Whistleblowers Protection Act • Features and Shortcomings of Citizen’s
Charters

Role of Civil Services in a Democracy

Need of Bureaucracy in a democracy • Arbitrary & Whimsical Transfers
• Political Interference & Administrative
• Advisory role played by civil servants in
Acquiescence
policy formulation
• Gradual Erosion in Values & Ethics
• Civil services as institution to bring socio- • Red-tapism
• Elitist in Nature
economic change • Poor Pay
• Tendency to Capture Power
• Law and order functions of civil servants
• Civil Servants as Watchdogs Necessary reforms in the Bureaucracy
• Role played by civil servants during political

instability

• Record-keeping role of civil servants

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• Civil Servants as a channel of communication • Setting Right the Asymmetry of Power
• Insulating Civil Servants from Undue
Issues Afflicting Indian Civil Services Political Interference

• Lack of Professionalism & Poor Capacity • Professionalisation with Stability of
Building
• Inefficient Incentive Systems Tenure & Competition
• Citizen-Centric Administration
• Outdated Rules & Procedures • Accountability
• Systemic Inconsistencies in Promotion
• Lack of Adequate Transparency & • Outcome Orientation
• Promoting Public Service Values &
Accountability Procedures Ethics

Social Justice

• Welfare schemes for vulnerable sections of the population by the Centre and
States and the performance of these schemes; mechanisms, laws, institutions
and Bodies constituted for the protection and betterment of these vulnerable
sections

• Issues relating to development and management of Social Sector/Services
relating to Health, Education, Human Resources

• Issues relating to poverty and hunger

Welfare schemes for vulnerable sections of the population

Welfare schemes for vulnerable sections • Protection of Women from Domestic

• Constitutional benefits for vulnerable Violence Act

sections • Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection

• Schemes for SCs and STs of Children) Act
• Schemes for minorities
• Schemes for Women and Children • Central Adoption Resource Agency
• Schemes for the Elderly
• Schemes for transgenders (CARA)
• Schemes for Divyangs
• Issues and Challenges related to • The Protection of Children from

implementation of government schemes Sexual Offences (POCSO) Act

• Critical evaluation and Performance of • Sexual Harassment of Women at

the Schemes Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition
and Redressal)

• Pre-Conception and Pre Natal

Diagnostic Techniques (PC&PNDT)
Act

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Mechanisms, Laws, Institutions & Bodies • Gender Budgeting
Constituted for Protection & Betterment of • National Policy for Women
These Vulnerable Sections • Domestic Violence Act
• Maternity Benefit (Amendment) Act

Scheduled Castes Divyang

• The Protection of Civil Rights Act • The Rehabilitation Council of India
• The Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled
Act
Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act
• The Persons with Disabilities (Equal
• National Commission for Scheduled Castes
• Scheduled Castes Sub Plan Opportunities, Protection of Rights
and Full Participation) Act
Scheduled Tribes
• Mental Retardation and Multiple
• National Commission for Scheduled Tribes
• Tribal Sub Plan Disabilities Act
• TRIFED
• Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional • The National Trust for Welfare of

Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Persons with
Rights) Act
Women and Children • Autism, Cerebral Palsy, Mental

• The Immoral Traffic (Prevention) Act Retardation and Multiple
• The Indecent Representation of Women Disabilities Act

(Prevention) Act • Rights of the Persons with

• The Dowry Prohibition Act Disabilities Act
• The Commission of Sati (Prevention) Act
• The Prohibition of Child Marriage Act Minorities and Elderly

• National Commission for Minorities
• National Commission for Religious

and Linguistic Minorities

• Maintenance and Welfare of Parents

and Senior Citizens Act

Issues relating to development and management of Social Sector/Services relating to
Health, Education, Human Resources

Health • National Family Health Survey (NFHS)
• National Health Policy
• India’s Performance on Various Health • National Health Mission
• Maternal & Adolescent Health
Indicators • Child Health
• Antimicrobial Resistance
• Weaknesses of Indian Healthcare System • Disease Burden in India
• Healthcare infrastructure in India
• Universal Health Coverage in India
• Health Insurance in India

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• Measures to Ensure Good Health Outcomes • Foreign Universities in India
• Ayushman Bharat • Subramanian Panel Report on
• Arogya Setu App
education
Education
• Government Schemes on education
• Status of Literacy in India
• Education Structure in India Human Resources
• Challenges Faced by Education Sector in
• Skill Development and Demographic
India
dividend
• Reforms Required in Primary Education and
• Skill Development Initiatives
Higher education
launched by Government
• Higher Education Council of India
• University Grants Commission • Challenges in Skilling large-scale
• ASER Report
• Financing Education through CSR unskilled and semi-skilled workforce

• Shortcomings of Current Skill

Development Initiatives

• Skill India Programme

Issues relating to poverty and hunger

• Poverty and Hunger • Food Security and nutritional
• Causes and Consequences of Poverty
• Distribution of Poverty & Hunger security
• Magnitude & Trends of Poverty & Hunger
• Poverty and Malnutrition • Constraints in Reducing Poverty &
• Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI)
• MDGs and SDGs Hunger

• National Food Security Act
• Mid-day Meal Scheme
• Food for work and MGNREGA

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International Relations

• India and its neighborhood- relations
• Bilateral, regional and global groupings and agreements involving India and/or

affecting India’s interests. Effect of policies and politics of developed and
developing countries on India’s interests, Indian diaspora
• Important International institutions, agencies and fora- their structure, mandate.

India and its neighborhood- relations

• India-China relations • India-Afghanistan relations
• India-Pakistan relations • India-Nepal relations
• India-Myanmar relations • India-Maldives relations
• India-Bhutan relations • India and her extended
• India-Bangladesh relations
• India- Sri Lanka relations neighbourhood

• India’s relations with island nations

of Indian Ocean

Bilateral, regional and global groupings and agreements involving India and/or
affecting India’s interests

• Evolution of Indian Foreign Policy • India’s relation with African
• India’s Major Foreign Policy Doctrines
Countries
Since 1947
• India’s relation with Australia & New
• Non-aligned Movement (NAM)
• Nuclear Doctrine and No first use Zealand
• Gujral Doctrine
• Look East and Act East policy • India’s relation with EU & European
• Think West Policy
Countries
India’s Bilateral Relations With
• India’s relation with Latin American
• Major Powers Like – USA, Russia, Japan,
Countries
UK, France, Israel etc
• India’s relation with Pacific Countries
• India’s relation with Central Asian • India’s relation with Regional &

Countries Global Groupings
Regional and Global Groupings
• India’s relation with West Asian
• UNSC
Countries • SAARC
• BRICS
• BBIN & BCIM

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• BIMSTEC • Heart of Asia Conference
• IBSA • East Asia Summit
• ASEAN & RCEP • G-20
• India-Africa Forum • Asian Development Bank
• SCO • National Security Summit
• Ashgabat Agreement • Multilateral Nuclear Export
• FIPIC
• IOR-ARC Regulatory Regimes: Wassenaar,
• Mekong Ganga Cooperation (MGC) MTCR, Australia Group
• Raisina Dialogue
• Asian Development Bank
• Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation

Effect of policies and politics of developed and developing countries on India’s
interests

• Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) • WTO Reforms
• International North–South Transport • South China Sea Conflict
• Brexit and Eurozone crisis
Corridor • US Sanctions on Iran
• US CAATSA
• Global Trade War and Protectionism • US withdrawal from Paris Agreement
• Global Currency War and Devaluation • H-1B Visa Issue etc
• OECD initiatives like BEPS
by China • OPEC and World Oil Markets

• Syrian Crisis and Civil War
• The Crimea Crisis
• UNSC Reforms

Indian diaspora

• Role played by Indian Diaspora in • Schemes for Welfare of Overseas Indian
• Indian Diaspora in Persian Gulf and West
International diplomacy
Asia
• Indian Diaspora as a Pressure Group
• Issue of safety of Indians abroad • Issue and Challenges faced by Diasporas

Important International institutions, agencies and fora- their structure, mandate

• United Nations • World bank
• G-20 • International Monetary fund
• G-7 • Common Wealth of Nations
• OECD • WTO
• OPEC • World economic Forum

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GENERAL STUDIES (III) TOPIC WISE DETAILED ANALYSIS

General Studies (III) is a collection of six sections viz. Economic Development, Agriculture,
Biodiversity and Environment, Science and Technology, Internal security and Disaster
management. A topic wise syllabus breakup of General Studies (III) is provided hereunder:

Economic Development

• Indian Economy and issues relating to planning, mobilization, of resources, growth,
development and employment.

• Inclusive growth and issues arising from it.
• Government Budgeting.
• Effects of liberalization on the economy, changes in industrial policy and their

effects on industrial growth.
• Infrastructure: Energy, Ports, Roads, Airports, Railways etc.
• Investment models.

Indian Economy and issues relating to planning, mobilization, of resources, growth,
development and employment

Planning Mobilisation of Resources

• Necessity and Meaning of Planning • Meaning of Resources
• Planning and Economic Development • Classification of Resources
• Types of Planning: Imperative, Indicative • Financial resources, Human resources and

and Structural Planning Natural resources

• Objectives of Planning • Need for Resource Mobilisation
• History of Planning in India • Role of Savings & Investment
• Planning Commission • Capital Formation and economic progress
• Five Year Plans and Socio-Economic • Government Resources
• Use of Fiscal and Monetary policy for
Progress
resource mobilisation
• Achievements of Planned development in
• Banking Sector & NBFCs
India • Capital Market and Wealth generation
• Foreign Direct Investment
• Shortcomings of Planned Economy in India • Overseas Development Assistance
• NITI Aayog and Planning

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• Public Borrowing & Management of Public • Economic growth and Inflation
• Challenges to Growth and Development
Debt
Employment
• Issues and Challenges faced in mobilisation

of resources

Growth & Development • Employment generation and socio-economic

• Economic Growth and Development progress
• Determinants of Growth & Development
• Importance & Limitations of Economic • Employment in Organised and Unorganised

Growth sector

• Jobless Economic Growth • Employment in Formal and Informal sector
• Pro-Poor Growth and development • Labour Force Participation and employment
• Balanced & Unbalanced Growth
• Dimensions of Development rate
• Measurement & Indicators of Development
• Different approaches to Development • Working Age Population
• Human capacity building and development • Sectoral Distribution of Employment
• Role of State in growth and development • Quality of Employment
• Role of Private Capital in growth and • Unskilled and Semi-skilled employment
• Reasons for lack of Employment
development • Restructuring of Workforce and Labour Laws
• Government Initiatives for Generating
• Role of Foreign capital in growth and
Employment
development

Inclusive growth and issues arising from it

• Meaning of Inclusive growth • Economic Reforms and inclusive growth
• Elements of Inclusive Growth • Inclusive Growth during the era of Planning
• Necessity of Inclusive growth • NITI Aayog and principle of inclusion
• Indicators of Inclusive Growth • Government initiatives to promote inclusive
• Indian Economy and inclusive growth
• Industrialisation and inclusive growth growth
• Skill deficit and inclusive growth
• Challenges with respect to inclusive growth

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Government Budgeting

• Fiscal Policy and Union Budget • Fiscal Policy
• Revenue and Capital Budget • Deficit Reduction and Deficit financing
• Revenue Expenditure and capital • Fiscal consolidation
• FRBM Act
disbursements • Outcome Budgeting
• Zero-Based Budgeting
• Fiscal and Revenue Deficits • Gender Budgeting
• Measures of Government Deficit
• Primary Deficit
• Effective revenue deficit

Effects of liberalization on the economy, changes in industrial policy and their effects on
industrial growth.

• Inspector Raj and Redtapism • Globalisation and investment flows
• 1991 BoP crisis and IMF conditionalities • Globalisation and Labour movement
• Liberalisation, Privatisation and • Privatisation and Economic progress
• Sub Prime Crisis
Globalisation • Sovereign debt default and Double Dip

• Effects of globalisation on different sectors Recession

of the Economy • Protectionism and Unilateralism

• Globalisation and Oil Market dynamics

Infrastructure: Energy, Ports, Roads, Airports, Railways etc

• Infrastructure: a key driver of economic • Health infrastructure
• Educational infrastructure
growth • Research infrastructure
• Indian Infrastructural Challenges and
• Infrastructure development and Socio-
initiatives in
Economic Progress
• Roads and Railways
• Transport Infrastructure System • Electricity
• Necessity of Energy Infrastructure • Irrigation
• Urban Infrastructure and waste • Airports and sea ports
• Education Infrastructure
management • Health Infrastructure

• Telecommunication Infrastructure

systems

• Earth monitoring and measuring

networks

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• Disaster resilient infrastructure • Sagarmala project
• Critical Infrastructure • High speed railway projects (bullet train)
• Green infrastructure • UDAN and airport infrastructure
• Golden Quadrilateral • Manufacturing Hubs
• Diamond Quadrilateral • BharatNet Project
• Dedicated Freight Corridors • Digital Infrastructure and Digital India
• Delhi Mumbai Industrial Corridor • Development of Public infrastructure
• North-South Corridor • Pricing of Public utilities
• East-West Corridor • Indian infrastructure development:
• Bharatmala Project
Issues and Challenges

Investment models.

• Public Investment Model • BOT (build–operate–transfer).
• Private Investment Model • BOOT (build–own–operate–transfer).
• Public-Private Partnership (PPP) • BOO (build–own–operate).
• Issues regarding PPP • BLT (build–lease–transfer).
• Sector Specific Investment Models • DBFO (design–build–finance–operate).
• Cluster Investment Model • DBOT (design–build–operate–transfer).
• SEZ and CEZ Models • DCMF (design–construct–manage–finance).
• Harrod Domar Model • Swiss Challenge (SC)
• Hybrid Annuity Model (HAM)

Agriculture

• Major crops-cropping patterns in various parts of the country, - different types of
irrigation and irrigation systems storage, transport and marketing of agricultural
produce and issues and related constraints; e-technology in the aid of farmers.

• Issues related to direct and indirect farm subsidies and minimum support prices;
Public Distribution System- objectives, functioning, limitations, revamping; issues of
buffer stocks and food security; Technology missions; economics of animal-rearing.

• Food processing and related industries in India- scope’ and significance, location,
upstream and downstream requirements, supply chain management.

• Land reforms in India.

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Major crops-cropping patterns in various parts of the country

• Major Crop regions of India • Government Agricultural Policy and
• Cropping Pattern and Crop –
Cropping pattern
combinations
• Impact of Climate Change on cropping
• Agro-climatic zonation of India
• Factors Influencing Cropping Pattern pattern
• Emerging trends in Cropping Pattern
• Long term consequences of distorted

cropping pattern

Different types of irrigation and irrigation systems storage

• Geographic distribution of irrigation • Drip irrigation and sprinkle irrigation
• Types of irrigation • National water policy
• Major Sources of irrigation • Financing of irrigational projects
• Problems and Challenges associated • Restructuring of present irrigation

with irrigation projects systems

• Irrigation and groundwater depletion

Transport & Marketing of Agricultural Produce & Issues & Related Constraints

• Agricultural Marketing in India • APMC act and APMC Mandis
• Role of Central and State government in • National Agricultural Market (e-NAM)
• Farmer Producer Organisations (FPO)
procurement and storage of Food Grains • Contract Farming
• Futures Trading in agricultural
• Role of Food Corporation of India (FCI)
• Regulated Markets and Agro market Commodities

pricing • Transport systems supporting movement

• Agro Warehousing and Cold Chain of agricultural goods

networks • Dedicated agro corridors

• Cooperative Marketing

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e-Technology in the Aid of Farmers and Technology Missions

e-Technology in the Aid of Farmers • National Mission on Agricultural

• Transforming rural India with the help of Extension and Technology (NMAET)

digital technologies Technology Missions

• ICT and Indian Agriculture • Technology mission on cotton
• Government steps to provide e-aid to • Technology mission on oilseeds, pulses

farmers and maize

• Benefits of e-aid to farmers • Jute technology mission
• GIS in agriculture • Technology mission on coconut
• Remote Sensing in Agriculture • Technology mission for integrated
• Precision Agriculture
• e-Kisan and kisan TV development of horticulture
• M-Kisan SMS Portal
• Kisan Call Centres • Sugar technology mission
• e-Choupal Agropedia –ICAR initiative • National mission on sustainable
• Voice Krishi Vigyan Kendra
• Sanchar Shakti scheme agriculture
• Sandesh Pathak
• Agriculture Marketing Information • National Mission on Agricultural

Network (AGMARKNET). extension and technology

• Agricultural Technology Management • National food Security Mission
• National Mission on Food Processing
Agency (ATMA) • National mission for Protein supplement
• National saffron Mission

Issues related to direct and indirect farm subsidies and minimum support prices

• Agricultural Subsidies • Effectiveness, Extent and Problems
• Rationale behind subsidies
• Types of Subsidies associated with subsidies

• Merit Subsidies • WTO and agro subsidies
• Non merit subsidies • Political expediency and populism
• Direct Subsidies • Fertiliser subsidies
• Indirect subsidies • Subsidy on power
• Price subsidies • Subsidy on irrigation
• Income subsidies • Rationale of Minimum Support Price
• Impact of MSP on inflation

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Public Distribution System- objectives, functioning, limitations, revamping; issues of buffer
stocks and food security

• Targeted PDS schemes • Buffer Stock policy and FCI
• Objectives and Significance of PDS • One Nation One ration card
• FCI and fair price shops • Reforms required in PDS
• Problems associated with PDS • Transformation to Free market
• Aadhar and PDS: prospects and
mechanisms
problems

Food processing and related industries in India- scope’ and significance, location, upstream
and downstream requirements, supply chain management and economics of animal-rearing

• Prospects of Food Processing in India • National Animal Disease Control
• Food Processing and Farm Incomes
• Food Processing: Forward and Backward Programme (NADCP)

linkages • Livestock rearing and rural income
• National Centre for Disease Control (NCDC)
• Location of Food Processing zones in India • National Dairy Development Board (NDDB)
• Mega Food Parks • Rashtriya Gokul Mission
• Upstream & Downstream Requirements in • National Livestock Mission
• National Artificial Insemination Programme
food processing • National Cattle and Buffalo Breeding Project
• Animal Husbandry Startup Grand Challenge
• Government policies and initiatives for

promotion of food processing

• Food Processing: Issues and Challenges
• Prospects of Livestock rearing in India
• Significance of Animal Rearing

Land reforms in India

• Rationale behind Land Reforms • Challenges in implementation of Land
• Land as a factor of production Reforms
• Components of Land Reforms
• Impact of Land Reforms in India • Recent Initiatives - Land Leasing, Land
• Success of Land Reforms Acquisition, Rehabilitation & Resettlement
Act, etc.

• Consolidation of Land

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Biodiversity and Environment

• Conservation, environmental pollution and degradation, environmental impact
assessment.

Conservation

• Biodiversity Conservation • Man and Biosphere Programme
• In-situ and Ex-situ conservation • Issues and Challenges regarding

• Protected areas and national parks Biodiversity conservation
• Conservation of Natural habitats
• Government legislations for Biodiversity • Conservation of aquifers and reservoirs
conservation • Wetland conservation
• International conventions
• Government Projects for biodiversity
conservation

Environmental pollution and degradation

• Environmental Pollution: Sources and • Geo-Engineering
Types • Green rating and Green buildings
• Fluoride problem in drinking water
• Acid Rain • Arsenic problem in drinking water
• Thermal Pollution: Causes and • Causes of Environmental Degradation
• Types of Environmental Degradation
Consequences • Impact of Environmental Degradation
• Controlling Thermal Pollution • Environmental Degradation and Social
• Bio-accumulation and Bio-Magnification
• Bioremediation Integration
• Biopiracy • Steps to Check Environmental
• Bioleaching
• Bioterrorism Degradation
• Carbon Sequestration • Prevention & Control of Pollution &
• Carbon Sink
• Carbon Credit Degradation
• Carbon Trade • National Environment Agencies,
• Carbon Tax
Legislations and Policies
• International Environment Agencies &

Agreements

Environment Impact Assessment (EIA)

• Meaning of EIA • Environment Accounting
• EIA Process in India • Challenges in implementation of EIA
• Advantages of EIA • Environment supplement Plan (ESP)

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Science and Technology

• Science and Technology- developments and their applications and effects in
everyday life.

• Achievements of Indians in science & technology; indigenization of technology and
developing new technology.

• Awareness in the fields of IT, Space, Computers, robotics, nano-technology, bio-
technology and issues relating to intellectual property rights.

Science and Technology- developments and their applications and effects in everyday life

• CFL and CRT • Disinfectants
• LED and LCD technology • Waste disposal technologies
• Microwave appliances • Antacid
• Smartphones • Antihistamines
• 3-D Printers • Neurologically Active Drugs
• DTH technology • Tranquilizers
• Refrigerants • Analgesics
• Cleansing Agents like Soaps and • Antimicrobials
• Antibiotics
Synthetic detergents • Antiseptic and Disinfectant
• Artificial Sweetening Agents • Anti-Fertility Drugs.
• Food Preservatives • Contraceptives
• Water Purification technology

Achievements of Indians in science & technology

• Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman • Meghnad Saha
• Vikram Sarabhai • Subrahmanyam Chandrasekhar
• Homi Jehangir Bhabha • A.P.J. Abdul Kalam
• Har Gobind Khorana • Mokshagundam Visvesvaraya
• Jagadish Chandra Bose • Tessy Thomas
• Satyendranath Nath Bose • Prof C.N.R. Rao

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Indigenization of technology and developing new technology

• DRDO and indigenization of Defence • UV Blaster
technology • Atulya: Microwave Steriliser
• Indigenously Developed Testing Kits for
• ISRO and indigenisation of Space
Technology COVID-19
• Indigenously Developed Flow Diverters
• Indigenisation of Electronic hardware
• Indigenisation of Nano-technology Stents
• Indigenisation of Bio-technology • Genome India Project
• Ind Indigenisation of Nuclear • NAVIC
• Electric Vehicles technology in India
technology

Awareness in the fields of IT, Space, Computers, robotics, nano-technology, bio-technology

Biotechnology • Geosynchronous Orbits
• Definition and explanation • Types of Fuels used in rockets
• Transgenic and Cisgenic Organisms • Cryogenic Engine
• Genetically Modified Crops • PSLV
• Major GM Crops • GSLV
• Field trials of GM Crops • Types of satellites
• Bt Brinjal • Indian satellites
• Bt Cotton • Indian Space Missions
• Genetic Pollution • Re-entry and Reuse Capsules
• Concerns about GM food • Chandrayan-I
• Genetic Crops and impact on agriculture • Chandrayan-II
• GM Crops and Food sustainability • Mangalyaan
• ISRO’s Aditya Mission
Nanotechnology • India’s manned mission to space
• Definition and basic information • India’s manned mission to moon
• Approaches to Nano Technology • New Horizons Mission
• Applications of Nanotechnology • Other Space Missions of NASA
• Development of nano Technology in • Space Shuttle: Achievements and
India
• Advantages of Nano technology Successes
• Prospects and Challenges of nano • Noted Space Missions from Europe and
technology
Japan
Space Technology • International space Station
• Indian Space Programme Defence Technology
• Indian Space Research Organisation • Indian Defence Programme
(ISRO) • Defence Research and Development
• Geostationary Orbits
• Types of Missiles Organisation (DRDO)
• Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles • Non-Communicable Diseases
• Life Style based diseases

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• AGNI Missile Set Nuclear Technology
• Prithvi Missile Set • Types of Nuclear Reactions
• Nag Missile Set • Nuclear Fuels
• Trishul Missiles • Nuclear radiation
• Akash Missiles • Nuclear Programme of India
• Pinaka Missile • Civil nuclear programme of India
• Prahar Missiles • Nuclear reactors in India
• Nirbhay Missiles • Nuclear disasters
• Dhanush Missiles • Nuclear energy and energy security
• Shaurya Missiles
• K-15 Sagarika Robotics, IT and Telecom
• Cruise Missiles • Internet of Things
• Supersonic and Subsonic Cruise Missiles • Block Chain Technology
• Brahmos Cruise Missile • Cryptocurrency
• Tejas Light Combat Aircraft • Bharat QR code
• Rafale Aircrafts • Digital Transaction Methods
• Apache Helicopters • Bharat Net Project
• S-400 Triumph • WiFi and LiFi Technology
• Integrated Guided Missile Development • DTH technology
• Google Loon
Programme (IGMDP) • Gravitational waves and LIGO
• Indian War Vessels • INDIGO
• Indian Nuclear Powered Submarines • Net Neutrality
• Anti-satellite weapons (ASAT) • Smart Phones
Medicine and Diseases • 3G, 4G and 5G
• Tropical Diseases • IT enabled services
• Vector Borne Diseases • Cloud Computing
• Indian Immunisation Programme • Display technologies
• Hygiene and Diseases • Digital India Programme
• Water Borne diseases • Types of Robots
• Diseases caused by Virus and Bacteria • Application of Robots
• Communicable Diseases • Unmanned Ariel Vehicles (UAVs) or
Drones

Issues relating to intellectual property rights

• Types of Intellectual Property Rights • International Agreements Related to IPRs
• IPR laws in India • Evergreening and Compulsory Licencing
• IPR: Issues and Challenges
issues
• GI Tag and its impact on trade

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Internal Security

• Linkages between development and spread of extremism.
• Role of external state and non-state actors in creating challenges to internal

security.
• Challenges to internal security through communication networks, role of media and

social networking sites in internal security challenges, basics of cyber security;
money-laundering and its prevention.
• Security challenges and their management in border areas - linkages of organized
crime with terrorism.
• Various Security forces and agencies and their mandate.

Linkages between development and spread of extremism

• Major components of development • Socio-economic development: A tool
• Factors responsible for the spread of for reducing extremism

extremism • Steps taken by the Central and state
governments to reduce extremism

Role of external state and non-state actors in creating challenges to internal security

• Meaning of State and Non-State Institutional Framework to Tackle Challenge
actors of Internal Security

• Types of Non-state actors • NIA
• Security threats from non-state • NATGRID
• MAC
actors • UAPA
• J&K Separatism • TADA
• Left Wing Extremism: a war against • POTA
• NCTC
the state
• North East Insurgency
• Terrorism in Hinterland & Border

Areas
• Reasons for Spread of Terrorism
• State Sponsored Terrorism

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Challenges to internal security through communication networks, role of media and
social networking sites in internal security challenges, basics of cyber security;
money-laundering and its prevention.

• Use of internet and internal security • Terms Associated with Cyber
challenges Security

• Social media and radicalisation • Money-Laundering & its Prevention
• Challenges in regulation of social • Process of Money Laundering
• Stages in Money laundering
media • Impact of Money Laundering
• Cyber security and cyber threats • Challenges to Tackle Money
• Steps taken by India to promote
Laundering
cyber security • Steps to prevent Money Laundering
• International Cooperation on Cyber • Terms Related To Money Laundering

Security
• Cyber Warfare

Security challenges and their management in border areas - linkages of organized
crime with terrorism

• Security Challenges & their • Linkages of Organized Crime with
Management in Border Areas Terrorism

• Challenges in Managing Border • Types of Organised Crime
Security – Coastal & Terrestrial • Challenges in Controlling Organised

• Land Boundary Disputes with Crime
Neighbours • Linkages between Organised Crime &

• India's Policy in Border Area Security Terrorism
Management • UN convention against transitional

• The Kargil Review Committee report organised crime
and its observations • Maharashtra Control of Organised

• Securing the coasts and island Crime Act (MCOCA)
territories

Various Security forces and agencies and their mandate

Central Armed Police Forces (CAPFs) • Special protection Group (SPG)
• Border Security Force (BSF)
• Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) • Railway Protection Force (RPF)
• Indo-Tibetan Border Police (ITBP) Central Paramilitary Forces (CPMFs)
• Central Industrial Security Force
(CISF) • Intelligence Bureau (IB)
• Sashastra Seema Bal (SSB) • National Investigation Agency (NIA)
• National security Guard (NSG) • Research and Analysis Wing (RAW)
• Multi Agency centre (MAC)
• National Intelligence Grid (NATGRID)

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Disaster Management

• Disaster and disaster management.

Disaster and disaster management

• Definition of Disaster • Pandemic and health disasters
• Difference between disaster and • Man induced environmental

hazard disasters
• Industrial Accidents
Natural Disasters • Stampede
• Floods • Riots
• Earthquake • Terrorist attacks
• Tsunami • Hijacking
• Drought
• Cyclone Disaster Response
• Landslide • Phases of Disaster management
• Avalanche • Elements of disaster management
• Hurricane • Disaster Response in India
• Volcano • National Disaster Management
• Cold wave Authority (NDMA)
• Forest fire • National Institute of Disaster
Management (NIDM)
Man-Made Disasters • Lessons learnt from recent disasters
• Nuclear Disasters • Disaster management: Issues and
• Chemical disasters Challenges
• Biological disasters

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GENERAL STUDIES (IV) TOPIC WISE DETAILED ANALYSIS

General Studies (IV) comprises of two sections viz. Ethics, Integrity and Aptitude
(Theoretical Section) and Applied Ethics through Case Studies. A topic wise syllabus
breakup of General Studies (IV) is provided hereunder:

• Ethics and Human Interface: Essence, determinants and consequences of Ethics in-
human actions; dimensions of ethics; ethics - in private and public relationships.
Human Values -lessons from the lives and teachings of great leaders, reformers and
administrators; role of family society and educational institutions in inculcating
values.

• Attitude: content, structure, function; its influence and relation with thought and
behaviour; moral and political attitudes; social influence and persuasion.

• Aptitude and foundational values for Civil Service, integrity, impartiality and non-
partisanship, objectivity, dedication to public service, empathy, tolerance and
compassion towards the weaker-sections.

• Emotional intelligence-concepts, and their utilities and application in administration
and governance.

• Contributions of moral thinkers and philosophers from India and world.
• Public/Civil service values and Ethics in Public administration: Status and problems;

ethical concerns and dilemmas in government and private institutions; laws, rules,
regulations and conscience as sources of ethical guidance; accountability and ethical
governance; strengthening of ethical and moral values in governance; ethical issues
in international relations and funding; corporate governance.
• Probity in Governance: Concept of public service; Philosophical basis of governance
and probity; Information sharing and transparency in government, Right to
Information, Codes of Ethics, Codes of Conduct, Citizen’s Charters, Work culture,
Quality of service delivery, Utilization of public funds, challenges of corruption.
• Case Studies on above issues

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Ethics and Human Interface

• Meaning of ethics • Ethics and Law
• Classification of Ethics • Ethics and Morality
• Meta Ethics, Normative Ethics and • Ethics and Religion
• Human actions and actions of human in
Applied Ethics
• Descriptive ethics and Prescriptive Ethics
• Ethics in private life
ethics • Ethics in public life
• Moral Philosophy and habits • Grey area of ethics
• Dimension of Ethics

Human Values

• Meaning of Human values • Lessons learnt from the lives and
• The value system of an individual teachings of great leaders, reformers and
• Values and Morality administrators
• Values and Ethics
• Intrinsic and Extrinsic values • Role of family in inculcating values.
• Difference between human values, • Role of society in inculcating values

ethical values and moral values • Role of educational institutions in
inculcating values

Attitude

• Meaning of attitude • Social and Group influences in attitude
• Id, Ego and Super ego formation
• Components of attitude-Affective
• Attitude ambivalence
component, Cognitive component and • Persuasion and change in attitude
behavioural component • Tools of persuasion
• Functions of attitude- Ego-defensive • Political attitude
function, Value –expressive function and • Moral attitude
Knowledge function • Attitude’s influence and relation with
• Models on Attitude formation
• Impact of beliefs and values in attitude thought and behaviour
formation

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Aptitude and foundational values for Civil Service

• Aptitude and innate ability • Integrity
• Types of Aptitude • Objectivity
• Impartiality
• Aptitude for Civil services • Dedication to public service
• Tolerance
• Intellectual aptitude. • Compassion towards weaker sections
• Emotional aptitude. • Neutrality
• Moral aptitude. • Impartiality
• Anonymity
• Nolan committee-List of Seven
Foundational Values

Emotional Intelligence

• Meaning of Emotional Intelligence • Importance of Emotional Intelligence in
• Difference between IQ and EQ
• Development of Emotional Intelligence Personal relations
• Components of Emotional Intelligence
• Importance of Emotional Intelligence in

Public life

• Importance of Emotional Intelligence for

a Civil servant

Contributions of moral thinkers and philosophers from India and world

• Socrates • Schopenhauer
• Plato • Peter Singer
• Aristotle • Lawrence Kohlberg
• Jeremy Bentham • Carol Gilligan
• John Stuart Mill • Jean Paul Sartre
• Thomas Hobbes • Confucius
• John Locke • René Descartes
• John Rawls • Democritus

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• Jean-Jacques Rousseau • Adam Smith
• . Pierre-Joseph Proudhon • Karl Marx
• Immanuel Kant • Montesquieu
• W.D. Ross • Niccole Machiavelli
• St. Thomas Aquinas • Ralph Cudworth
• Robert Nozick • Auguste Comte
• David Hume • Francis Bacon
• G.E. Moore • Voltaire
• J. Ayer • George Berkeley
• Charles Stevenson • Samuel Clarke
• R. M. Hare • Cicero
• Herbert Spencer • Lao Tzu
• Ayn Rand • Henry David Thoreau
• Friedrich Nietzsche • Max Weber
• Rama Krishna Paramahansa • Abraham Lincoln
• Swami Vivekananda • Martin Luther King Jr.
• Jiddu Krishnamurti • Nelson Mandela
• Raja Ram Mohun Roy • Gautama Buddha
• Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar • Vardhamana Mahavira
• Rabindranath Tagore • Kautilya
• Swami Dayanand Saraswati • Adi Shankaracharya
• Mahatma Gandhi • Guru Ravidas
• R. Ambedkar • Guru Nanak
• E. V. Ramaswamy Naicker • Sant Kabir Das
• Jotiba Phule • Thiruvalluvar
• Aurobindo Ghosh • Wangari Maathai
• Mahasweta Devi • Kofi Annan
• Mother Teresa • Lech Walesa
• Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam • Desmond Tutu
• Mary Parker Follet • Isaac Newton
• Benjamin Franklin • Muhammad Yunus
• Dalai Lama • Elie Wiesel
• Aung San Suu Kyi • Alva Myrdal
• Albert Einstein • Emperor Asoka
• Lee Kuan Yew • Sun Yat Sen
• Henry Ford • T.N. Seshan
• E Sreedharan

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Public/Civil service values and Ethics in Public administration

• Ethics in Public administration • Ethical issues in international relations
• Ethical concerns in Private and Public
and funding
institutions
• Meaning of corporate governance
• Ethical dilemmas in Private and Public • Ethics and corporate governance
• Corporate Social responsibility and
institutions
ethics
• Accountability and ethical governance
• Strengthening of ethical and moral • Business ethics
• Work ethics
values in governance • Norms of corporate ethics in India

Probity in Governance

• Ethics behind Public service • Problems in Fund Release and
• Philosophical basis of Governance and
Utilization
Probity
• Parliamentary Control on Expenditure
• Information sharing and transparency in • Corruption: causes and Consequences
• Collusive corruption
government • Coercive corruption
• Probity in public life
• RTI an ethical tool for change • Corruption in Civil services
• Code of ethics • Civil society initiatives in fighting
• Code of conduct
• Code of conduct for ministers corruption
• Code of conduct for legislators
• Code of conduct for bureaucrats • Legal initiatives in fighting corruption
• Code of conduct for jurists • Whistleblowers Protection Act
• Significance of Citizen’s charter • Steps necessary to fight corruption

Components of citizen’s charter

• Utilisation of Public Funds

Note: Case Studies are applied sections of GS IV and hence no particular syllabus can be
defined for it. However it must be remembered that the questions on case studies are not
asked in isolation rather they are based on the knowledge derived from the theoretical
sections. Hence a thorough understanding of the theoretical areas is imperative for
understanding case studies. Case studies generally focus on administrative ethics, values in
civil services, emotional intelligence and ethical dilemmas

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CIVIL SERVICES PRELIMINARY (CSP)
EXAMINATION RECOMMENDED RESOURCE LIST

SNo. Subject Primary Sources Secondary Additional
1 Sources Sources
History of India • Class 8th to 12th
and Indian art NCERTs on • EDEN IAS class • EDEN IAS Mission
Indian History; notes and Printed Prelims Special Digest
& culture study material on History and
Culture
• An Introduction • India’s struggle
to Indian Art & for independence • Hindu News paper
Culture- 11th by Bipan Chandra articles on India
STD NCERT culture

• Indian Art And • Modern India- • Centre for Cultural
Culture By Nitin Spectrum Resource and
Singhania Training (CCRT)
material

2 Geography of • Class 6th to 10th • EDEN IAS class • EDEN IAS Mission
World and NCERTs on notes and Printed Prelims Special Digest

India Geography study material on Geography

• 11th standard • Goh Cheng Leong: • Hindu News paper
NCERTs on Certificate in articles on geography
Physical
Geography Physical and
Human geography

• 12th standard • Indian geography
NCERTs on by Majid Hussain
Human
Geography

• Orient Blackswan
World Atlas

3 Indian Polity • NCERT – Indian • EDEN IAS class • EDEN IAS Mission
Constitution at notes and Printed Prelims Special Digest
work ; NCERT- study material on Indian polity

Political theory

• Our Constitution • Hindu News paper
• Indian Polity M. by Subhash articles on polity and

Laxmikant Kashyap constitution

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• Constitution of • Introduction to
India by PM the Constitution of
Bakshi India- D. D. Basu

4 Economy • Microeconomics • EDEN IAS class • EDEN IAS Mission
5 Ecology NCERT notes and Printed Prelims Special Digest
6 Science study material on Indian Economy
• Macroeconomics
NCERT • AIR debates on • The Livemint articles
Indian Economy on Indian Economy

• 11th NCERT: • Economic Survey • Indian Economy by
Economics: and the Budget Ramesh Singh
Indian Economic
Development

• 12th Standard • EDEN IAS class • EDEN IAS Mission
Biology NCERT notes and Printed Prelims Special Digest
(Ecology section) study material on Ecology and
Environment
• India Year Book • MoEFCC website
(Chapters on • IUCN Website
Environment)

• ICSE Board- • UNEP Website
Environmental
studies- Class
10th and 11th

• 10th standard • EDEN IAS class • EDEN IAS Mission
NCERT on notes and Printed Prelims Special Digest
Science study material on on Science and Tech
Science and Tech
• VIII, IX Standard • PIB
NCERT books on • The Hindu and
Science Indian Express

• 12th standard • EDEN IAS class • EDEN IAS Mission
NCERT on notes and Printed Prelims Current
Biology study material Affairs Notes and
Current Magazines
7 Current Affairs • The Hindu

• The Indian
Express

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CIVIL SERVICES MAIN (CSM) EXAMINATION
TOPIC WISE RECOMMENDED RESOURCE LIST

Topic-wise recommended resource list for all the four General Studies paper are provided
hereunder

GENERAL STUDIES I

Indian Heritage and Culture, History and Geography of the World and Society

TOPIC: - Indian culture will cover the salient aspects of Art Forms, literature and
Architecture from ancient to modern times

Primary Sources Enrichment Material

• An Introduction to Indian Art & • Indian Art & Culture – NIOS
• Facets of Indian Culture- Spectrum
Culture- 11th STD NCERT • Centre for cultural resources and

• EDEN IAS Art and Culture Book training website- ccrtindia.gov.in

and Class Notes • The Wonder that was India- A.L.

• Indian Art And Culture By Nitin Bhasham

Singhania • India – Art and Culture 1300-1900

by Stuart Cary Welch

• IGNOU Indian Art and Culture

Material

TOPIC: - Modern Indian history from about the middle of the eighteenth century until

the present- significant events, personalities, issues; The Freedom Struggle — its
various stages and important contributors/contributions from different parts of the
country

Primary Sources Enrichment Material

• India’s Struggle for Independence • From Plassey to Partition – A History

by Bipan Chandra of Modern India

• A brief history of Modern India- • A Brief History of Modern India by

Spectrum Rajiv Ahir

EDEN IAS www.edenias.com Contact: +919354344200 Page 137

EDEN IAS [LAKSHYA/UTKARSH GS FOUNDATION COURSE (PRE CUM MAIN)]

• EDEN IAS Modern Indian History • Modern India: 1885-1947 by Sumit

Class Notes and Book Sarkar

• A New Look at Modern Indian History:

Form 1707 to the Modern Times by B.
L. Grover

TOPIC: - Post-independence consolidation and reorganization within the country

Primary Sources Enrichment Material

• India since independence by Bipan • India after Gandhi : The History of

Chandra the World’s largest Democracy by
Ramchandra Guha
• EDEN IAS Post Independence Class
• The Politics Of India Since
Notes and Book
Independence by Paul R. Brass

• Battles half won; India’s improbable

Democracy by Ashutosh Varshney

TOPIC: - History of the world will include events from 18th century such as industrial
revolution, world wars, re-drawal of national boundaries, colonization,
decolonization, political philosophies like communism, capitalism, socialism etc.—
their forms and effect on the society.

Primary Sources Enrichment Material

• History of the World: From the • Mastering Modern World History by

Late Nineteenth to the Early Norman Lowe
Twenty-First Century by Arjun Dev
and Indira Arjun Dev • A History of the Modern World by

• EDEN IAS class notes and Book on Jain and Mathur

World History

TOPIC: - Salient features of Indian Society, Diversity of India

Primary Sources Enrichment Material

• NCERT -12th STD – Indian Society • Indian Society & Culture – Nadeem
• IGNOU-ESO-12:Society in India
• The Hindu, Yojana and Hasnain

Kurukshetra. • Indian Society and Diversity by Alka

Chowdhary

EDEN IAS www.edenias.com Contact: +919354344200 Page 138

EDEN IAS [LAKSHYA/UTKARSH GS FOUNDATION COURSE (PRE CUM MAIN)]

TOPIC: - Role of women and women’s organization, population and associated issues,
poverty and developmental issues, urbanization, their problems and their remedies

Primary Sources Enrichment Material

• NCERT -12th STD - Social Change and • Indian Social System - Ram Ahuja
Development In India • Indian Social Structure & Change – K L

• IGNOU –ESO -16 : Social Problems In Sharma
India • Social Problems in India by Ram Ahuja

• Hindu News paper editorials
• The Hindu, Yojana and Kurukshetra

TOPIC: - Effects of globalization on Indian society

Primary Sources Enrichment Material

• EDEN IAS study material on effects • Contemporary issues in
of globalisation on Indian society Globalisation by Soumyen Sikdar

• Hindu News paper editorials • Indians in a Globalizing World: Their
• The Hindu, Yojana and Kurukshetra Skewed Ride: Their Skewed Rise

TOPIC: - Social empowerment, communalism, regionalism & secularism

Primary Sources Enrichment Material

• EDEN IAS study material on Social • Communalism in Modern India by Bipan
empowerment, communalism, Chandra
regionalism and secularism
• On Nationalism by Romila Thapar, A. G.
• The Hindu, Yojana and Noorani and Sadanand Menon
Kurukshetra
• Regionalism in Indian Perspectives by
Mukherjea

Note: Society is a very vibrant section; hence Current affairs would play an important
role regarding this topic. Perhaps this is the most dynamic section of GS I (MAINS)

EDEN IAS www.edenias.com Contact: +919354344200 Page 139

EDEN IAS [LAKSHYA/UTKARSH GS FOUNDATION COURSE (PRE CUM MAIN)]

TOPIC:- Salient features of world’s physical geography; Distribution of key natural
resources across the world (including South Asia and the Indian sub-continent)

Primary Sources Enrichment Material

• 11th standard NCERTs on Physical • Certificate Physical and Human
Geography geography- Goh Cheng Leong

• EDEN IAS Physical Geography class • Geography of India by Majid Hussain
notes and printed study material • World Geography by Majid Husain
• Indian geography by D R Khuller
• The Hindu newspaper
• Yojana and Kurukshetra

TOPIC: - Factors responsible for the location of primary, secondary, and tertiary
sector industries in various parts of the world (including India)

Primary Sources Enrichment Material

• 12th standard NCERTs on Human • NITI Aayog’s documents on urban
Geography planning and industrial location

• EDEN IAS class notes and study • Certificate Physical and Human
material on Human Geography geography- Goh Cheng Leong

• The Hindu newspaper • Yojana and Kurukshetra

TOPIC: - Important Geophysical phenomena such as earthquakes, Tsunami, Volcanic
activity, cyclone etc., geographical features and their location-changes in critical
geographical features (including water-bodies and ice-caps) and in flora and fauna
and the effects of such changes.

Primary Sources Enrichment Material

• 11th standard NCERTs on Physical • Geography and You magazine
Geography • Certificate Physical and Human

• EDEN IAS Physical Geography class geography- Goh Cheng Leong
notes and printed study material • Yojana and Kurukshetra

EDEN IAS www.edenias.com Contact: +919354344200 Page 140

EDEN IAS [LAKSHYA/UTKARSH GS FOUNDATION COURSE (PRE CUM MAIN)]

GENERAL STUDIES II

Governance, Constitution, Polity, Social Justice and International relations

TOPIC: - Indian Constitution—historical underpinnings, evolution, features,
amendments, significant provisions and basic structure

Primary Sources Enrichment Material

• 12th STD NCERT - Politics in India • Introduction to the Constitution of
after Independence India- D. D. Basu

• EDEN IAS Class notes and printed • Our Constitution by – Subhash C.
study material Kashyap

• Indian Polity- by M. Laxmikanth • Constitution of India by PM Bakshi

TOPIC: - Functions and responsibilities of the Union and the States, issues and
challenges pertaining to the federal structure, devolution of powers and finances up
to local levels and challenges therein.

Primary Sources Enrichment Material

• Indian Polity- M. Laxmikanth • Introduction to the Constitution of
• EDEN IAS Class notes and printed India- D. D. Basu

study material • Public Administration by M Laxmikant
• 14th Finance Commission (Read only the chapter on
Administrative Systems)
recommendations
• Hindu and Indian Express editorials • Sarkaria Commission Report (Read
only the Summary recommendations)
on the topic
• M.M. Punchhi Commission Report on
Centre-State Relations (Read only the
key recommendations)

TOPIC: - Separation of powers between various organs dispute redressal
mechanisms and institutions

Primary Sources Enrichment Material
• Indian Polity- M. Laxmikanth • Introduction to the Constitution of
• EDEN IAS Class notes and printed
India- D. D. Basu
study material • 7th report of 2nd ARC named “Capacity
• The Hindu and Indian Express
Building for Conflict Resolution”
editorials on the topic

EDEN IAS www.edenias.com Contact: +919354344200 Page 141

EDEN IAS [LAKSHYA/UTKARSH GS FOUNDATION COURSE (PRE CUM MAIN)]

TOPIC: - Comparison of the Indian constitutional scheme with that of other countries

Primary Sources Enrichment Material
• Political Science by N D Arora: (Read
• EDEN IAS class notes and printed
study material only Chapter 16: Typologies of
Constitutions: United Kingdom, United
• Select Constitutions by A. C. Kapur States of America, France, Germany,
and K.K. Mishra South Africa, Peoples’ China)

TOPIC: - Parliament and State legislatures—structure, functioning, conduct of
business, powers & privileges and issues arising out of these; Structure, organization
and functioning of the Executive and the Judiciary—Ministries and Departments of
the Government; pressure groups and formal/informal associations and their role in
the Polity

Primary Sources Enrichment Material

• Indian Polity- by M. Laxmikanth • Our Parliament by Subhash C.
• EDEN IAS class notes and printed Kashyap

study material • 2nd ARC report
• The Hindu and Indian Express • For development related to various

editorials on the topic Ministries and Departments follow
• The Yojana Magazine PIB : www.pib.nic.in

TOPIC: - Salient features of the Representation of People’s Act

• For this topic just follow the EDEN IAS enrichment material –on- RPA, 1950 & 1951.

TOPIC: - Appointment to various Constitutional posts, powers, functions and
responsibilities of various Constitutional Bodies. Statutory, regulatory and various
quasi-judicial bodies

Primary Sources Enrichment Material

• Indian Polity by M. Laxmikanth • The Hindu and Indian Express
• EDEN IAS class notes and study
• Public Institutions in India:
material on the topic
Performance and Design by Devesh
Kapur and Pratap Bhanu Mehta

EDEN IAS www.edenias.com Contact: +919354344200 Page 142

EDEN IAS [LAKSHYA/UTKARSH GS FOUNDATION COURSE (PRE CUM MAIN)]

TOPIC: - Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors
and issues arising out of their design and implementation

Primary Sources Enrichment Material

• EDEN IAS class notes and • Development Administration-Mohit
enrichment material Bhattacharya

• 2nd ARC report • The Economic Survey and the Budget
• Economic and Political Weekly and
• The Hindu and The Indian Express
newspaper editorials the Frontline magazines

• Rajya Sabha TV and AIR debates and
discussions.

TOPIC: - Development processes and the development industry —the role of NGOs,
SHGs, various groups and associations, donors, charities, institutional and other
stakeholders (“Development Industry” – refers to aid industry developed around
NGOs, UN bodies, Charities, Endowments etc; Their role in the development process
and welfare)

Primary Sources Enrichment Material

• EDEN IAS enrichment material on • The Economic Survey and the Budget
NGOs and SHGs • Economic and Political Weekly and the

• The Hindu and The Indian Express Frontline.
newspaper editorials • Rajya Sabha TV and AIR debates and

• Yojana and Kurukshetra special discussions.
issues on NGOs, SHGs etc

TOPIC: - Welfare schemes for vulnerable sections of the population by the Centre and
States and the performance of these schemes; mechanisms, laws, institutions and
Bodies constituted for the protection and betterment of these vulnerable sections

Primary Sources Enrichment Material
• EDEN IAS class notes and printed • Economic and Political Weekly and the

study materials Frontline.
• The Hindu and The Indian Express • Rajya Sabha TV and AIR debates and

newspaper editorials discussions
• Yojana and Kurukshetra magazines

EDEN IAS www.edenias.com Contact: +919354344200 Page 143

EDEN IAS [LAKSHYA/UTKARSH GS FOUNDATION COURSE (PRE CUM MAIN)]

TOPIC: - Issues relating to development and management of Social Sector/Services
relating to Health, Education, Human Resources; Issues relating to poverty and
hunger

Primary Sources Enrichment Material

• EDEN IAS enrichment material • Issues relating to Social Development
• The Hindu and Indian Express news by B. Ramaswamy

paper articles and editorials • Development Administration-Mohit
• Frontline; Yojana and Kurukshetra Bhattacharya

Magazines • Ministry of Social Justice and
• Rajya Sabha TV and AIR debates Empowerment- Annual Report.

and discussions • NITI Aayog special report on social
development

TOPIC: - Important aspects of governance, transparency and accountability, e-
governance applications, models, successes, limitations, and potential; citizens
charters, transparency & accountability and institutional and other measures

Primary Sources Enrichment Material

• EDEN IAS class notes and printed • Governance in India - By Laxmikant
study material • The Hindu and Indian Express news

• 2nd ARC REPORT (Right to paper articles and editorials
Information, Promoting e- • Frontline; Yojana and Kurukshetra
Governance, Citizen Centric
Administration, Social Capital) Magazines
• Rajya Sabha TV and AIR debates and

discussions

TOPIC: - Role of civil services in a democracy

Primary Sources Enrichment Material
• EDEN IAS class notes and printed • Governance in India - By Laxmikant
• The Hindu and Indian Express news
study material
• 2nd ARC report (10th report) – paper articles and editorials
• Frontline; Yojana and Kurukshetra
Refurbishing of Personnel
Administration Magazines
• Rajya Sabha TV and AIR debates and

discussions

EDEN IAS www.edenias.com Contact: +919354344200 Page 144

EDEN IAS [LAKSHYA/UTKARSH GS FOUNDATION COURSE (PRE CUM MAIN)]

TOPIC: - India and its neighborhood- relations; Bilateral, regional and global
groupings and agreements involving India and/or affecting India’s interests; Effect of
policies and politics of developed and developing countries on India’s interests,
Indian Diaspora; Important International institutions, agencies and for a their
structure, mandate.

Primary Sources Enrichment Material

• EDEN IAS class notes and study material • Challenge and Strategy:
• Ministry of External Affairs website- Rethinking India's Foreign Policy
by Rajiv Sikri
www.mea.gov.in
• The Hindu and Indian Express • Foreign Policy of India by V N
Khanna
newspaper articles
• World Focus (Magazine) • MPS-002 International Relations:
• Frontline and Economic and Political Theory and Problems

Weekly • India's Foreign Policy Retrospect
• Rajya Sabha TV and AIR debates and and Prospect- by Sumit Ganguly

discussions on foreign policy • www.un.org

EDEN IAS www.edenias.com Contact: +919354344200 Page 145

EDEN IAS [LAKSHYA/UTKARSH GS FOUNDATION COURSE (PRE CUM MAIN)]

GENERAL STUDIES III

Technology, Economic Development, Biodiversity, Environment, Security and Disaster Management

TOPIC: - Indian Economy and issues relating to planning, mobilization, of resources,
growth, development and employment

Primary Sources Enrichment Material

• 11th NCERT: Economics: Indian • Indian Economy Since Independence -
Economic Development Uma Kapila

• EDEN IAS Economy class notes and • Dutt and Sundharam’s Indian Economy
printed study material • Economic and Political Weekly

• Yojana and Kurukshetra magazines
• The Livemint newspaper

TOPIC: - Inclusive growth and issues arising from it

Primary Sources Enrichment Material

• EDEN IAS enrichment material on • Erstwhile Planning Commission and 12th
Inclusive growth and issues arising five year plan findings on inclusive
from it growth

• The Hindu, Yojana and Kurukshetra • Rajya Sabha TV and AIR debates and
• The Livemint newspaper discussions on Inclusive growth and
issues arising from it

TOPIC: - Government Budgeting

Primary Sources Enrichment Material

• Basic concepts and principles of • The Economic Survey
Budgeting -Introductory • The Union Budget
Macroeconomics - Textbook in • The Hindu, Yojana and Kurukshetra
Economics for Class – 12 • The Livemint newspaper

• EDEN IAS nodule on Budgetary
processes

EDEN IAS www.edenias.com Contact: +919354344200 Page 146

EDEN IAS [LAKSHYA/UTKARSH GS FOUNDATION COURSE (PRE CUM MAIN)]

TOPIC: - Major crops-cropping patterns in various parts of the country, - different
types of irrigation and irrigation systems storage, transport and marketing of
agricultural produce and issues and related constraints; e-technology in the aid of
farmers

Primary Sources Enrichment Material

• EDEN IAS ENRICHMENT MATERIAL • D. R. Khullar’s Comprehensive Indian
on Cropping patterns in India Geography (Read the topic on cropping
pattern in India)
• EDEN IAS enrichment material on
irrigation methods, type of Dams, • M. S. Swaminathan report on
and irrigation systems. Agriculture in India (National
Commission on Farmers)
• EDEN IAS enrichment material on
transport and marketing of • The Hindu, Yojana and Kurukshetra
agricultural produce and issues • The economic Survey
• The Agricultural Survey
• EDEN IAS enrichment material on e-
technology and farming

TOPIC: - Issues related to direct and indirect farm subsidies and minimum support
prices; Public Distribution System objectives, functioning, limitations, revamping;
issues of buffer stocks and food security; Technology missions; economics of animal-
rearing

Primary Sources Enrichment Material

• NITI Aayog report on the efficacy of • Dutt and Sundharam’s Indian Economy
Minimum Support prices • IGNOU material on Food security and

• EDEN IAS enrichment material on Public Distribution System
PDS: Challenges and Solution • The Hindu, Yojana and Kurukshetra
• Ministry of Agriculture website-
• EDEN IAS enrichment material on
various technology missions in agriculture.gov.in
agriculture • M. S. Swaminathan report on

• EDEN IAS enrichment material on Agriculture in India (National
economics of animal rearing Commission on Farmers)

EDEN IAS www.edenias.com Contact: +919354344200 Page 147

EDEN IAS [LAKSHYA/UTKARSH GS FOUNDATION COURSE (PRE CUM MAIN)]

TOPIC: - Food processing and related industries in India- scope’ and significance,
location, upstream and downstream requirements, supply chain management

Primary Sources Enrichment Material

• EDEN IAS enrichment material on • The Economic and Agricultural Survey
Food Processing and Related
industries in India: Significance, • Ministry of Food Processing Industries
Location, Upstream and Downstream website- mofpi.nic.in
requirements, Supply chain
management (It would be a one stop • Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food and
solution for all purposes) Public Distribution website-
consumeraffairs.nic.in
• Yojana and Kurukshetra Magazines

• The Hindu news paper editorials

TOPIC: - Land reforms in India

Primary Sources Enrichment Material

• EDEN IAS special Booklet on LAND • IGNOU Land reforms during 1947-
REFORMS : 1970

• India Since independence by Bipan • IGNOU Land reforms programs and
Chandra performance after 1970

TOPIC: - Effects of liberalization on the economy, changes in industrial policy and
their effects on industrial growth; Infrastructure: Energy, Ports, Roads, Airports,
Railways etc.

Primary Sources Enrichment Material

• EDEN IAS class notes and printed • Dutt and Sundharam’s Indian Economy
study material • Indian Economy Since Independence -

• Current developments as covered in Uma Kapila
the newspapers and magazines • Rajya Sabha TV and AIR debates and

• The Union Budget, Economic Survey discussions
and India Year Book

EDEN IAS www.edenias.com Contact: +919354344200 Page 148

EDEN IAS [LAKSHYA/UTKARSH GS FOUNDATION COURSE (PRE CUM MAIN)]

TOPIC: - Investment models

Primary Sources Enrichment Material

• The Yojana and Kurukshetra • Economic survey
• EDEN IAS enrichment material on • Dutt and Sundharam’s Indian Economy
• Twelfth Five Year Plan 2012-17
Investment Models.
• Economic and Political Weekly approach paper (Planning Commission)

TOPIC: - Science and Technology- developments and their applications and effects in
everyday life; Achievements of Indians in science & technology; indigenization of
technology and developing new technology; Awareness in the fields of IT, Space,
Computers, robotics, nano-technology, biotechnology and issues relating to
intellectual property rights

Primary Sources Enrichment Material

• EDEN IAS class notes and study material • Papers released by Department of
on Science and Technology Science and technology

• The Hindu and Indian Express Editorials • ISRO official website
• Science Reporter magazine • DRDO official website
• Special issues by CSIR

TOPIC: - Conservation, environmental pollution and degradation, environmental
impact assessment

Primary Sources Enrichment Material

• EDEN IAS class notes and printed study • Ecology and Environment – P D Sharma
material (Use it like a reference)

• NIOS material for Basics • UN Environment website-
• The Hindu and Indian Express www.unenvironment.org

newspaper • United Nations Environment Programme
• The Hindu Survey of the Environment
• Yojana and Kurukshetra (UNEP) - web.unep.org

• Ministry of Environment and Forest and
Climate Change website- envfor.nic.in

EDEN IAS www.edenias.com Contact: +919354344200 Page 149

EDEN IAS [LAKSHYA/UTKARSH GS FOUNDATION COURSE (PRE CUM MAIN)]
TOPIC: - Disaster and Disaster management

Primary Sources Enrichment Material

• EDEN IAS class notes and printed • IGNOU notes on Disaster Management
study material • Disaster Management Division –

• Special issue of Yojana on Disaster Ministry of Home Affairs website-
Management- http://www.ndmindia.nic.in/
• EDEN IAS enrichment material on
• 2nd Administrative reform Disaster Management
Commission report on Disaster
Management- 3rd Report (Crisis
Management)

TOPIC: - Linkages between development and spread of extremism; Role of external
state and non-state actors in creating challenges to internal security; Challenges to
internal security through communication networks, role of media and social
networking sites in internal security challenges, basics of cyber security; money-
laundering and its prevention; Security challenges and their management in border
areas - linkages of organized crime with terrorism; Various Security forces and
agencies and their mandate

Primary Sources Enrichment Material

• Internal Security and Disaster • National Cyber Security Policy 2013:
Management: by Ashok Kumar An Assessment

• The Indian Express and The Hindu • Institute for Defence Studies and
newspaper editorials Analyses- idsa.in

• Rajya Sabha and AIR debates and • Prevention of Money-Laundering Act,
discussions on Internal Security 2002
challenges

• EDEN IAS enrichment material on
Internal Security

GENERAL STUDIES IV

EDEN IAS www.edenias.com Contact: +919354344200 Page 150