Bab 2 - Sel Sebagai Unit Asas

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BAB 2:

SEL SEBAGAI UNIT ASAS HIDUPAN

2.1 APAKAH SEL?

Sel asas hidupan
microscopik. Hanya boleh
dilihat menggunakan:-

MIKROSKOP

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SEL PIPI

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SEL BAWANG

Sel haiwan dan sel tumbuhan

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Sel haiwan dan sel tumbuhan
Sel haiwan dan sel tumbuhan

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SEL sitoplasma
vakuol
Membran sel

sitoplasma

nukleus

Sel haiwan Dinding sel
SSeel ltutummbbuuhhaann

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STRUKTUR FUNGSI

NUKLEUS control centre
SITOPLASMA medium for chemical reaction
MEMBRAN SEL movement of substance in and out
DINDING SEL give definite shape
KLOROPLAS manufacture their own food
act as a store
VAKUOL

COMPARISON BETWEEN ANIMAL CELLS AND PLANT CELLS

SIMILAR

-have nucleus
-have cytoplasm
-have cell membrane

DIFFERENCE

Irregular shape and flexible shape Regular shape and rigid

Not have vacuole vacuole have large vacuole

Not have chloroplast chloroplast have chloroplast

Not have cell wall Cell wall have cell wall

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STEPS TO
PREPARE

PLANT
CELL
STEPS TO
PREPARE
ANIMAL
CELL

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SEL X SEL Y

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E

UNISEL DAN
MULTISEL

ORGANISMA

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ORGANISMA

UNISEL MULTISEL

Mempunyai satu sel Mempunyai banyak sel
sahaja

UNICELLULAR MULTICELLULAR

chlamydomonas

hydra

amoeba

euglena

mucor

paramecium yeast

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A
C

BD

UNISEL MULTISEL

chlamydomonas

hydra

amoeba

euglena

mucor

paramecium yeast

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SEL HAIWAN SEL HAIWAN DAN
1)Ameba SEL TUMBUHAN
2)Paramesium 1)Euglena
3)Hidra
SEL TUMBUHAN
1) Klamidominas
2) Mukor
3) Spirogira

A
C

BD

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PELBAGAI JENIS
SEL DAN TISU
DALAM BADAN
MANUSIA

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Sel Sel Sel
pembiakan darah darah
merah putih
Sel
tulang Sel Sel
Manusia otot

Sel
saraf

Red
blood
cell

- Tiada nukleus
- Berbentuk cakera
- ada haemoglobin
- Mengangkut oksigen dan karbon dioksida

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Blood tissue

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Sistem darah
(peredaran)

Sel
darah
putih

- Ada nukleus
- Bentuk sentiasa berubah/tidak tetap
- Membunuh mikroorganisma

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Sel
otot

- Mengendur dan menegang untuk
membolehkan pergerakan

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Tisu otot
Sistem otot
Membolehkan
pergerakan

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Sel
saraf

- Mengandungi fiber

nerve tissue

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Sistem saraf

Membawa
informasi dalam
bentuk impuls
elektrik

Sel
tulang

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Tissue tulang
Sistem rangka

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Sel
pembiakan

Sistem pembiakan

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Jenis Tisu Fungsi
Tisu saraf Membawa mesej dalam bentuk
impuls
Tisu otot Membenarkan pergerakan badan
Tisu ephitalial Melindungi lapisan dalam badan
Tisu penyambung Menyambung tisu dengan tisu
yang lain

Sel Tisu ORGAN SISTEM ORGANISMA

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SKELETON
SYSTEM

SISTEM
RANGKA

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DIGESTIVE
SYSTEM

SISTEM
PENCERNAAN

RESPIRATORY
SYSTEM

SISTEM
PERNAFASAN

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BLOOD
CIRCULATORY

SYSTEM

SISTEM
PEREDARAN

DARAH

NERVOUS
SYSTEM

SISTEM
SARAF

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INTEGUMENTARY
SYSTEM

SISTEM
INTEGUMEN

TYPE OF SYSTEM FUNCTION
Circulatory system Transport oxygen and food to all parts of
the body
Nervous System Coordinate and control most nerve
activities
Respiratory system Supplies oxygen and remove carbon
dioxide
Digestive system Digest different classes of food
Skeletal system Support the body and protect the organ
Muscular system Allows body movement
Reproductive system Produce reproductive cells (sperm and
ovum)

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Definisi fotosintesis

Proses tumbuhan hijau menyerap tenaga solar untuk
membuat makanan daripada karbon dioksida dan air

Faktor yang diperlukan untuk fotosintesis
Cahaya matahari, air, karbon dioksida dan klorofil

Hasil fotosintesis

Glukosa (ditukar kepada kanji) dan oksigen

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-chloKrlorpohfyilll traps Glukosa
melmighetraenngekragpy HASIL (ditukar
tenaga cahaya
kepada kanji)
dan oksigen

- EMntaesruskthmreoluagluhissttoommaata
- ADbisseorrabpboyletheakroaor ts

(pecahkan sel) (rmenyahkan warna) (melembutkan)

EKSPERIMEN

Ujian kehadiran kanji

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KEPUTUSAN EKSPERIMEN….

- The presence of starch can be tested using iodine
solution after the chlorophyll in the leaves is removed

- The areas containing starch will be stained blue black
when iodine solution is added

REQUIREMENTS FOR PHOTOSYNTHESIS

EXPERIMENT:
WITHOUT
SUNLIGHT

EXPERIMENT: EXPERIMENT:
WITHOUT WITHOUT CHLOROPHYLL
CARBON
DIOXIDE

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EXPERIMENT:

PROVE THAT
CARBON DIOXIDE
IS REQUIRED FOR
PHOTOSYNTHESIS

Manipulated variable : Presence of carbon dioxide
Responding variable : Presence of starch
Constant variable : Presence of light, chlorophyll and

water

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EXPERIMENT 4.1A (PAGE 88)…

1. Keep them in the dark for 2 days before starting the experiment
to make sure all remain starch used / removed

2. Potassium hydroxide pellets used to absorb all the carbon dioxide
in the conical flask A

3. Only leaf in conical flask B will turn blue black when tested with
iodine solution

4. Photosynthesis not occur in conical flask A because there are no
presence of carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide is required for
photosynthesis

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EXPERIMENT:

PROVE THAT
SUNLIGHT
IS REQUIRED FOR
PHOTOSYNTHESIS

Manipulated variable : Presence of sunlight
Responding variable : Presence of starch
Constant variable : Presence of carbon dioxide,

chlorophyll and water

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EXPERIMENT 4.1B (PAGE 89)…

1. A portion of leaf A was wrapped with black paper to make sure no
presence of sunlight on that part

2. The part of the leaf that not covered with black paper will turn to
blue black

3.

combustion of fuel CARBON
DIOXIDE

respiration by humans and animals Photosynthesis by
OXYGEN plants

decomposition of dead organisms