Causes, Practices And Effects Of Wars - Andy Dailey and Sarah Lyth - Hodder 2012

Costa Rica, relations with Nicaragua 293 and Spanish Civil War 100–1 H
Cuba 280, 283, 284, 287, 288, 295, 297, 304, casualties 177
defence spending (1890–1913) 20 Historians 118, 124
307, 312 economic effects of First World War 69 and total wars 4
Czechoslovakia food supplies 60 Carr, E. H. 34
and First World War 65, 66, 68, 70, 113 manufacturing output 13, 44, 52, 57–8 Chang, Jung 260, 264, 267
dismantling 120, 123, 124, 125, 161, 317 military approach 24, 117–18, 128 Dower, John 225–6
resistance movements 174 political position post-Second World Erdmann, Karl 30
Soviet control 178, 181 Fay, Sidney Bradshaw 32–3
War 179, 180, 181 Fischer, Fritz 33–4
D resistance movements 173 Halliday, Jon 260, 264
territorial changes 177–8 on death tolls 177, 226
Decolonization 229–31 Vichy 133 on effects of Allied war production
Denmark 65, 112, 130, 174, 184 women in employment 59, 63
Dreadnoughts 21, 22 see also Abyssinia; Imperialism; 166–7, 220
Dual Alliance 17 on imperialism and Second World War
Dutch East Indies 192, 193, 196–7, 198, Schlieffen Plan; Stresa Front
Franco, Francisco, General 88, 89, 90, 94, 318
207, 226, 229, 230, 234 on importance of Battle of Kurst 153
96, 97, 98, 100, 104, 108–9 on importance of Battles of Midway and
E French Indochina 180, 191, 196, 207, 226,
Guadalcanal 203
East Africa 134–5 see also Vietnam on reasons for defeat of Germany in
Eritrea 134–5, 180 FSLN (Frente Sandinista de Liberación
Ethiopia, see Abyssinia Second World War 158–62
Examination questions 6–7, 324–7 Nacional), see Sandinistas on reasons for women’s involvement in
outlining 327–8
sample answer 328–31 G war work 215
on responsibility for First and Second
F Gallipoli 40, 41–2, 48, 320
Germany World Wars 30, 31, 112, 318–19
FAO (Frente Amplio de Opposición) and start of First World War 11–12, on start of Nicaraguan Revolution 305
294–5 on submarine warfare 202
16–23, 24, 25, 29–31, 32–4 Ritter, Gerhard 34
Ferdinand, Franz 11, 26, 27–9 border changes 177–8 Seybolt, Peter J. 248
Finland 130 casualties 175, 177 using different viewpoints 327
First World War defence spending (1890–1913) 20 Utley, Freda 264
battle tactics 35, 38, see also Ludendorff division after Second World War 178–9 views on appeasement 123–4
economic effects of First World War views on Hitler 112, 124–5
Offensive; Technology of war; Trench views on rearmament 118, 125–6
warfare 68–9 views on significance of US and British
casualties 43, 45, 50, 51, 62–3 economic reasons for Second World
causes of 11–12, 14–26, 29–31, 32–4, see actions in Germany’s defeat 162–3
also Ferdinand, Franz, assassination of War 125–6 views on Spanish Civil War 87–8
colonial conflicts 51 economic recovery 117 views on strategic bombing 146–7
contribution of women 59, 63–4 food shortages 59–60 Zechlin, Egmont 30
disease 49 foreign policy 33, 119–21, see also Historical events, presentation of 34, 251
Eastern Front 5, 35, 39, 42, 45, 46, 47, 48, Hitler, Adolf 114, 124–5, 157
50, 320 Appeasement Holocaust 157, 167–9
economic effects 68–71 formation of republic 67–8 Hong Kong 193, 196, 224, 229, 230, 252
effect on post-war politics 61–2, 64–8 imperialism 16–17, 317 Huai-hai Campaign 262
food shortages 59–60 invasion of Denmark and Norway 130 Hungary, effects of First World War 68–9
imperialism 14, 16–17, 317 invasion of Poland 111, 118, 120–1,
in Middle East 50–1 I
mobilization 57 127–9, 143, 317, 318, 319
munitions production 57–9 invasion of western Europe 131–3 Imperialism 14–17, 114–26, 172, 189–93,
peace treaties 64–7, 71 manufacturing output 13, 44, 52, 57–8, 316–18
social impact 62–4
Western Front 5, 35–9, 40, 42–3, 46, 47, 166, 167 Internment of foreign nationals 170
48, 49, 50, 57 rearmament 117–18, 120, 125 Iran–Contra Affair 313
see also Kut, siege of role of women 59, 64 Italy
Formosa, see Taiwan surrender (1945) 157 and First World War 12, 17, 19, 29, 42,
Fourteen Points speech 113 ultra-nationalists 67–8
France war guilt 32–4, 318–19 45, 47, 62, 63, 65, 68
and First World War 12, 16–17, 19–21, see also Dual Alliance; Nazi Party; and Second World War 124, 133, 134–8,
23, see also First World War, Western
Front; Phoney War; Treaties; Triple Phoney War; Schlieffen Plan; 142, 146, 154, 157, 158–9, 173, 174,
Entente Sudetenland; Treaties; Triple Alliance 177, 178, 220, 317, 321
and Poland 120–1, 123, 124, 125, 127 Greater Asia Co-prosperity Sphere 197–9 and Spanish Civil War 74, 79, 91, 93, 97,
and Second World War 111–12, 128, Greece 133, 158–9, 165–6 101, 102, 108, 113
133, 134, 142, 144, 145, 159, see also Guerrilla warfare 2, 3, 50–1, 95, 129, 130, colonies 180–1
Appeasement; Second World War, 150–1, 154, 163, 171, 173, 191, 192, Great Depression 114
Western Front 195, 196, 222, 223–4, 231, 242, 243, imperialism 134–5, 317–18
248, 253, 258, 260, 279, 284, 287, 290, manufacturing output 13, 44, 52, 167
298, 309, 312, 320, 321, see also militarism 318
Partisans see also Abyssinia; Mussolini, Benito;
Guomindang, see Nationalist Party in Rome–Berlin Axis; Stresa Front; Triple
China Alliance

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Index

J food supplies 268–9 Nicholas II, Tsar 30, 46, 67
government (1928–37) 244–5 North Africa 135–7
Japan ideology 236, 239–40 Northern Expedition 239, 242
attacks on British territories 196 propaganda 267–8 Norway 126, 130, 139, 157, 184, 319
attacks on Thailand 196 response to Japanese invasion of
casualties 175, 209, 210, 211, 225–6 O
defeat and surrender 211–12, 231–4, 254 Manchuria 245–6
economic recovery 228 use of terror and coercion 267–8 Operation Bagration 154–5
invasion of Philippines 207–8 see also Chiang Kai-shek; Chinese Civil Operation Barbarossa 149–51, 154
occupation by USA 227–8 Operation Cartwheel 203–4
offensives 196–7 War; Chinese Communist Party; Operation Uranus 152
rationing 218 Northern Expedition; Second Ortega, Daniel 299, 307
treatment of women 191, 213–14 Sino-Japanese War; Taiwan Ortega, Humberto 289, 304
war production 219–20 Nationalist Party in Spain 88, 89 Ottoman Empire 12, 14, 15, 16, 18, 113,
see also Atomic bomb; Greater Asia advance into Catalonia 96–7, 98
advance to Madrid 90–3 123, 176, 319, 321, 322
Co-prosperity Sphere; Sino-Japanese after the civil war 106
Wars; individual battles bombing of Guernica 94–5 P
July Days 17, 29, 31 conquest of north 95, 96
Junta of National Reconstruction 298–9 fall of Barcelona 97 Panama, relations with Nicaragua 294
government 83–4 Paris Peace Conference 112–13, 120, 189,
K interpretations of civil war 87
organization of war 91, 95, 98–105, 322
Korea see also Technology of war Partisans 138, 172–4, 321
annexation by Japan 189, 190 role of women 106–7 Pearl Harbor 194–5, 253
conscripted workers 204, 213, 226 see also Franco, Francisco, General Philippines
civilian war dead 226 NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Japanese invasion 207–8
Japanese‘comfort women’ 214 Organization) 178, 184, 322 resistance to Japanese 223–4
post-Second World War 228–9 Naval warfare 5, 21, 53–5, 95, 139–42, 209, Phoney War 129–30
resistance to Japanese 224 319, 320 Pingjin Campaign 262
Korean War 227–8, 275 Nazi Party 33, 68, 114–16, 216 Poland
Kut, siege of 50 Nazi–Soviet Pact 121, 125, 128–9, 149, 317 border changes 65, 112, 113, 120, 177,
Netherlands, The 23, 131, 174, 192, 229,
L 230, 319, see also Dutch East Indies 322
Nicaragua 285 casualties 129, 175, 177
League of Nations 33, 65, 70, 112, 117–18, agricultural reform 308 enfranchisement 64
119, 179, 190, 246, 317, 322 civil war 312 German invasion 111, 118, 121, 127–9,
Contra movement 311–12
Libya 134, 135, 137, 180, 181 economics 281–3, 307–8 143, 317, 318, 319
Limited war 2, 3–4, 29, 321 establishment of Somoza dictatorship post-First World War 68, 70
Long March 243–4, 247 279–81 resistance movements 171–2, 321
Ludendorff Offensive 49, 53, 57 government under Sandinistas 307 see also Hitler, Adolf; Holocaust
Luxembourg 35, 131, 159, 174, 184, 319 human rights 308–9 Polish–German Non-Aggression Pact 118
literacy 309 Prisoners of war 50, 164, 167, 168, 169–70,
M National Guard 280–1, 282, 287–8, 295,
296, 297–8, 299, 300–4 191, 206, 211, 220–1, 264, 267
Malaya (now Malaysia) 196, 224, 226, 232 position of women 309–10 Propaganda 102–4
Managua earthquake 284–6 relations with Cuba 310, 311
Manhattan Project, see Atomic bomb relations with USA 279, 280, 285, 289, R
Mao Zedong 241, 242, 247, 248–9, 258, 293, 299–300, 311, 312
see also Nicaraguan Revolution Railway networks 13, 20, 51, 70, 121, 132,
259, 262, 263, 264, 266, 270, 274, see Nicaraguan Revolution 144, 146, 171, 173, 175, 176, 196, 223,
also Chinese Communist Party; Marxism casualties 305–6 253, 257, 260, 268,
Marshall Plan 182–3 causes 279
Marxism 241, 248–9, 284, 298, 306 challenges to Somoza dictatorship 283, Rationing 59, 60, 104, 165–6, 218–19, 233,
Mesopotamia 48, 50 284–6 321
Mexico 46, 91, 298, 321 Christmas Party Raid 286–7
Militarism 19–22, 25, 26, 117–20, 189–93, end of Somoza regime 304 Red Army (Chinese) 228, 247, 253, 256,
317, 318 guerrilla warfare by Sandinistas 298, 259, 260–1, 262, 263, 264, 265, 266,
Moroccan Crises 16–17, 317 300–1 267, 272–3, 274
Munich Agreement 120, 123 international mediation 296–7
Mussolini, Benito 68, 137, 138, 174 Junta 298–9, 300, 303, 304 Red Army (USSR) 149
loss of support for Somoza regime Republican Party in Spain 88, 89, 90
N 291–5 after the civil war 106
national unrest 296 battle for Catalonia 96–7, 98
National Socialist German Workers’ Party, seizure of national palace 295–6 battle for Madrid 92–3, 96
see Nazi Party Urcuyo’s government 302–4 conquest of north 95, 96
see also Chamorro; Sandinistas defeat at Málaga 92
Nationalism 14, 15, 17, 25–6, 108, 115, fall of Barcelona 97
161–2, 172, 174, 199, 215, 230, 236, interpretations of civil war 87
240–1, 317, see also Ultra-nationalists organization of war 91, 94, 95–6,

Nationalist Party in China 98–105, see also Technology of war
armament supplies 254–5 role of women 107
clashes with Chinese Communist Party Resistance movements 129, 160, 162, 163,

242–4, 249, 250–1 171–4, 222–4, 227, see also Guerrilla
warfare
Rome–Berlin Axis 119, see also Axis states

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Russia Sudetenland 120, 123, 125, 177, 317 occupation of Japan 227–8
and First World War 11–12, 14, 15, 16, Suez Canal 50, 135, 137, 146 rationing 219
Supply lines 35, 51, 160, 200, 243, 253, 258 relations with Nicaragua 279, 280, 285,
19–21, 22, 23, see also Brusilov
Offensive; Ferdinand, Franz, T 289, 293, 299–300, 311, 312
assassination of; First World War, role in defeating Germany 162–3
Eastern Front; Schlieffen Plan; Taiwan 189, 190, 257, 263, 275 role of women 64, 214–15
Treaties, Brest-Litovsk; Triple Entente Technology of war 197, 258, 319–20 see also Chinese Civil War; Pearl
defence spending (1890–1913) 20 aircraft 51–3, 91, 132, 142, 143, 144, 206
food shortages 60 aircraft carriers 142, 195 Harbor; individual battles
invasion of Finland 130 code breaking 201, 233 USSR
manufacturing output 13, 52, 58 machine guns 37 and Poland 120–1
relations with Austria-Hungary 16 poison gas 38, 40–1 and Second World War, see also
revolution 67 radar 141
role of women 59, 63, 64 rockets 147 Operation Bagration; Operation
see also USSR submarines 54–5, 139, 141, 202 Barbarossa; Operation Uranus;
tanks 38, 43–5, 93, 128 Second World War, Eastern Front
S warships 91 casualties 175, 177
Tehran Conference 155 economic effects of First World War
Sandinistas 283–4, 285, 286–8, 290–1, Terceristas 287, 288, 289 70–1
295–8, 309–12, see also Terceristas Terror bombings 95, 108 formation of 67
Thailand 196, 224 influence in China 239, 259
Schlieffen Plan 23, 25, 30, 35, 36, 57, 60, Total war 2, 4–5, 177, 213, 219, 220, 319, invasion of Manchuria 211, 228
319 manufacturing output 166, 167
320–1 offensives (1943) 152–3
Second Sino-Japanese War 251–4 Treaties 64–7, 71, 112–13 resistance movements 173–4
Second World War Allies and Italy 180 see also Chinese Civil War; Cold War;
Balkans 133 Brest-Litovsk 46, 47, 67, 70 Russia
border changes 177–8 Brussels 184
causes of 117–20, 122–6, 188–93, 317–18 Locarno 113 V
Eastern Front 5, 149–55, 156, 159, 171, London 68
Nazi–Soviet Pact 121 Venezuela, relations with Nicaragua 294
173 Neuilly 65, 322 Vietnam
effect on civilians 143–6, 175–6 Non-Aggression between Germany resistance to Japanese 224, 230
effect on world politics 179–81 Vietnam War 275
German invasion of Denmark and and the USSR, see Nazi–Soviet Pact
North Atlantic Treaty Organization W
Norway 130
German invasion of Poland 111, 118, (NATO) 184 War 2–5
Polish–German Non-Aggression Pact air power over sea power 197
120–1, 127–9, 143, 317, 318, 319 amphibious assaults 42, 137, 156
German invasion of western Europe 118 at sea 5, 21, 22, 24, 34, 35, 50, 51, 53–5,
Sèvres 65, 322
131–3 St Germain 65, 322 59, 65, 95, 118, 130, 139–42, 152, 188,
Italian Front 137–8 Tanggu 246 192–3, 194, 196, 197, 199–203, 205–10,
military deaths 176–7 Trianon 65, 322 220, 317, 318–19
Western Front 131, 154, 155–7 USSR and Finland 130 crimes 157, 214, 221, 227, see also
see also North Africa; Phoney War; Versaille 32–3, 65, 67, 68, 112, 113, 115, Holocaust
in the air 4, 5, 51–3, 90–1, 92, 93, 94, 95,
individual battles 117–18, 119, 124, 319, 322 96, 97, 101, 102, 104, 118, 127, 129,
Serbia 11–12, 14, 15, 17, 24, 27, 28–9, 30, Trench warfare 5, 35, 36–9, 40, 42, 43, 130, 131, 132, 139–40, 141, 142, 143–7,
149–50, 153, 160, 165, 192–3, 194–6,
31, 39, 48, 66, 113, 133, 317, 318–19, 44, 320 197, 200, 203, 205–9, 219–20, 296, 320
see also Ferdinand, Franz, Triple Alliance 17, 19 production 13, 43–4, 52, 57–9, 166–7,
assassination of; First World War, Triple Entente 17, 18–19, 20–1 219–20, 233
Eastern Front strategy of island hopping 203, 205,
Singapore 196, 198, 226, 229, 230 U 234, 320
Sino-Japanese Wars 250–4 strategy of mobile defence 258, 261,
Somalia 135, 180 Ultra-nationalists 67–8 262, 263, 265, 268, 269, 270, 320
Somoza family, see Nicaragua United Nations 179, 229, 275, 280, 282, see also Technology of war; individual
Soviet Union, see USSR wars
Spanish Civil War 309, 322 White Terror 242
casualties 106 Urcuyo (Francisco Urcuyo Maliaño) 302–4 Wilhelm II, Kaiser 16, 21, 22, 30, 33, 34
economic impact 108 USA Wilson, Woodrow 32, 113
experience of women 106 casualties 177, 204, 209, 210, 226 Winter War 130
food supplies 104 economic effects of First World War
international involvement 100–2 Y
morale 102–4 69–70
political impact 108 entry into First World War 46 Yugoslavia
social impact 106 establishment of airfields in China 207 civilian deaths 175
why Nationalists were victorious 104–5 food supplies 60 resistance movements 172–3
see also Nationalist Party in Spain; Japanese attacks 194–6
Republican Party in Spain manufacturing output 13, 44, 166, 167, Z
Stalin, Joseph 184, 259, 262
Standing armies 20–1, 57, 123 219, 220, 233 Zeppelins 5, 53, 320
Stresa Front 118–19, 317 minority groups and the war effort
Strongpoint Offensive 261
216–18
Neutrality Acts 130

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