Past Perfect and Present Perfect Tense

Past Participle

◦A past participle is a word that formed from a verb
◦is used as an adjective or to form verb tense,
◦it is used to express actions that have already happened, it
takes the past tense form.
◦and probably ends with "-ed," "-d," "-t," "-en" or "-n.”

Past Verb: to finish
Participle Past participle: finished
Examples: Sentence: I have just finished my
homework.
(used in present perfect tense)

Past There are several
Participle adjectives in English that are
Adjectives created from the past participle
form of the verb. In this case,
the past participle becomes a
word that describes a noun

(a person or an object)

For example
broken – This computer is broken. It doesn’t work.
interested – She was really interested in the presentation.
bored – I was bored, waiting for the bus.
excited – The children are excited about the party.
surprised – We were very surprised to hear the news.
tired – He was tired after the test.

EXAMPLE

The stormy weather ruined my good mood.
In this sentence, ruined serves as an adjective
to modify the noun phrase my good mood.

I have already done my assignment.

part participle showed action already happened

Present Present perfect tense combines the present tense
Perfect Tense and the perfect aspect used to express an event
that happened in the past that has present
consequences. This tense is used to show a link
between the present and past and is commonly
used in everyday conversations, in the news, on the
radio, and when writing letters.

Statement: STRUCTURE
Negative:
Question: Subject + has / have + V3 (part participle)
Somsri has eaten sushi this moring.

Somsri and friends have eaten sushi this morning.

Subject + has / have (not) + V3 (part participle)
Somsri has not eaten sushi this moring.

Somsri and friends have not eaten sushi this morning.

has / have + Subject + V3 (part participle)
Has Somsri eaten sushi this moring ?

Have Somsri and friends eaten sushi this morning ?

Present perfect vs. Simple past

You must always use You must always use
the present perfect when the simple past when
details about the time or
the time of an action is
not important or not place that an action
occured are given or
specified.
requested.

Compare :

Present perfect Simple past
I have lived in Lyon. I lived in Lyon in 1989.
They have eaten Thai food. They ate Thai food last night.
Have you seen 'Othello'? Where did you see 'Othello'?
We have been to Ireland. When did you go to Ireland?

Other Combinations of Words

In addition, you can use time-related adverbs in the present
perfect tense, as long as they don't refer to a time which is
finished. These words include: "already," "just" and "yet." Some
examples of how these words are used are:

◦ The book came out yesterday, but I have already read it.
(Already is used to express that something has happened
sooner than expected.)

◦ She has just left the building. (Just is used to convey that the
event happened a short time ago.)

◦ He hasn't finished it yet. (Yet is used in negative sentences to
mean that something is expected to happen.

Present perfect tense can also be used in questions using the words
"already" and "yet."
For example:
Why has he gone already?
Have you called your mom yet?
Has Anthony played basketball yet?

How to use Present Perfect with Past Simple

◦ We can use those tenses in the same sentence but we use past simple tense in action
happened first and then we use present perfect in action that happened after first situation

◦ Example : I had dinner before I have watched korean drama
This sentence showed subject had dinner in first situation before watching
korean drama

HOW TO USE
SINCE
AND
FOR

SINCE

In English, we use since to refer to a point of time. Since can
refer to a point after a specific time or event in the past. Or it
can refer to a particular point beginning sometime in the past
and continuing until the present time.

The important point is that since is used with a
particular point in time.

• The basic formula for using since is this:
• since + a particular point in time.

EXAMPLE It has been raining
since 8 a.m.
I have been singing
since I was young

FOR In English, we use the preposition for to talk about an amount of time
or space. The amount of time could be seconds, minutes, hours, days,
months or even years.
The amount of time does not need to be exact. You could use for when
you are talking about vague periods of time, like "for the weekend",
"for ages" or "for a long time".
The important point is that for is used to specify a period of time.
In English, the basic formula for using for is this:
for + a period of time
For can be used when talking about the past, present or future.

EXAMPLE (Past) Last year, I traveled
for three weeks.
(Present Continuous) I'm
travelling for three weeks.
(Future) Next year, I will
travel for three weeks.

Since VS. For ◦ for is used with a period of time.

◦ Since is used to refer to a specific point in time.

◦ You can use for and since with similar verb tenses, if you
wish. Here are two examples:

◦ I have been walking for five hours.
I have been walking since 10 p.m.

◦ We have lived here for 20 years.
We have lived here since 1985.

PRESENT PERFECT
CONTINUOUS
AND

PRESENT PERFECT

HOW TO ◦We use both the present
USE perfect simple (have or has +
past participle) and the
present perfect continuous
(have or has + been + -ing form)
to talk about past actions or
states which are still
connected to the present.

Focusing on Present perfect simple Present perfect continuous
result or activity Focuses on the result Focuses on the activity
You've cleaned the bathroom! It
The present looks lovely! I've been gardening. It's so nice out there.
perfect simple usually focuses Says 'how many'
on the result of the activity in Says 'how long'
some way, and the present She's read ten books this summer.
perfect continuous usually She's been reading that book all day.
focuses on the activity itself in Describes a completed action
some way. Describes an activity which may
I've written you an email. continue
I've been writing emails.
When we can see evidence of recent
activity

The grass looks wet. Has it been raining?
I know, I'm really red. I've been running!

Still We use still to show that something continues up to a

time in the past, present or future. It goes in front
of the main verb:

Even when my father was 65, he still enjoyed playing tennis.
It's past midnight but she's still doing her homework.
I won't be at work next week. We'll still be on holiday.

or after the present simple or past simple of be:
Her grandfather has been very ill, but he is still alive.
We tried to help them, but they were still unhappy.

Anymore something that was true in the
past, but isn't true now.
Mostly, using at the end of
sentence
John and Mary lived in Florida
for ten years, but they don't
live there anymore. They
moved to Charlotte last year.

Past Perfect The past perfect refers to a time earlier than
Tense before now. It is used to make it clear that one event
happened before another in the past. It does not matter
which event is mentioned first - the tense makes it clear
which one happened first.

STRUCTURE

Subject +had +past participle
Statement had given
She hadn't asked.
Negative they arrived?
She you finished?
Interrogative
Had
Interrogative Negative
Hadn't

Past perfect + just

◦ 'Just' is used with the past perfect to refer to an event that was only a short time earlier than before now,
e.g.

◦ The train had just left when I arrived at the station.
◦ She had just left the room when the police arrived.
◦ I had just put the washing out when it started to rain.
◦ We use the past perfect to refer to something that happened more in the past than something else. For this

reason it’s almost always used with another phrase in the simple past.