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Drmmg~n wPwýZ Ki| 3
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N. Lv`¨ wbivcËv wbwðZKi‡Y DÏxc‡K ewY©Z miKvi KZ…©K M„nxZ
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m„Rbkxj A_©bxwZ wØZxq cÎ : GKv`k-Øv`k †kÖwY 53
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c_ w`‡q nuvU‡Z nuvU‡Z wZwb j¶¨ Ki‡jb MÖv‡gi Ae¯’v Avi c~‡e©i
K. e„n`vqZb wkí Kx? 1 g‡Zv †bB| MÖv‡g we`y¨r G‡m‡Q| iwOb wUwf I wWkjvBb G‡m‡Q| gvbyl
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M. Rvgvj mv‡n‡ei wk‡íi ˆewk󨸇jv eY©bv Ki| 3 Pv‡qi †`vKv‡b e‡m Pv cv‡bi mv‡_ mv‡_ wUwfi wewfbœ P¨v‡b‡ji
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gv‡S Kxiƒc cÖfve †dj‡e e‡j Zzwg g‡b Ki we‡klY Ki| 4 L. Òwekv¦ qb I Z_¨cÖhyw³i g‡a¨ m¤úK© mggyLxÓ e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
4 RbmsL¨v m¤úwK©Z Av‡jvPbv AwZ cÖvPxb| Z‡e eZ©gv‡b G m¤ú‡K©
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cwiw¯’wZ e¨vL¨v we‡kl Y Kiv nq| N. DÏxcK Abyhvqx mgv‡R wek¦vq‡bi cÖv‡qvwMK wfwË Av‡Q wK
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N. DÏxc‡K †h `yB ai‡bi miKvwi F‡Yi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q Zvi
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N. Lv`¨ wbivcËv wbwðZKi‡Y DÏxc‡K Dwjw LZ miKvwi
c`‡¶cmg~‡ni mv‡_ †emiKvwi ms¯’vi f‚wgKv _vKv Ri“wi K‡ib| B †`k mv¶iZvi nvi 100 fv‡M DbœwZKiY, we`y¨r Drcv`b
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cÖwµqvRvZKiY KviLvbv ¯’vcb Ki‡Z Pvb| wZwb Rv‡bb †h G‡Z K. evwl©K Dbœqb cwiKíbv Kx? 1
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M. A †`‡ki cwiKíbvwU †Kvb ai‡bi? Zvi D‡Ïk¨ eY©bv Ki| 3
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1990-2000 210 M. DÏxc‡Ki mv‡_ m½wZc~Y© RbmsL¨v ZË¡wU e¨vL¨v Ki| 3
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N. evsjv‡`‡ki Av_©-mvgvwRK †c¶Ö vc‡U D³ ZË¡wU KZUzKz
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N. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K A‡_©i †hvMvb I A‡_©i g~‡j¨i wecixZ m¤úK© †`kwU cÖPwjZ c‡Y¨i cvkvcvwk †ek wKQz AcÖPwjZ cY¨ c„w_exi
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m¤úv`b BZ¨vw` Kvh©µg MÖnY K‡i‡Q|
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Drcv`b Kvh©µg e¨vnZ nq| M. DÏxc‡K †jb‡`b fvimv‡g¨i NvUwZ `~ixKi‡Y M„nxZ
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N. †Kv‡bv cÖwZôvb myôzfv‡e cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ g~jab cÖ‡qvRb wbe©vn Ki‡Z nq| ivR¯^ Av‡qi Zzjbvq e¨q †ewk nIqvq miKvi‡K
†Kb? e¨vL¨v Ki| 4 wewfbœ Drm †hgb bZzb gy`ªv m„wó, AwZwi³ Kiv‡ivc, miKvwi
3 mvjvg mv‡ne I iwk` mv‡ne `yRb wg‡j e¨emvq ïi“ K‡ib| cÖ_‡g Znwej MVb BZ¨vw` n‡Z A_©ms¯’vb Ki‡Z nq| Z‡e A_© ms¯’v‡bi
Zv‡`i e¨emvq fv‡jvB PjwQj, wKš‘ wKQzw`b c‡i Zv‡`i g‡a¨ GKwU ¸i“Z¡c~Y© Drm n‡”Q FY MÖnY| M„nxZ F‡Yi h_vh_ e¨envi
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L. Askx`vwi Kviev‡ii ˆewkó¨ Kx? 2 M. DÏxc‡K DwjwLZ miKvwi A_©ms¯’v‡bi c×wZ¸‡jv ms‡¶‡c eY©bv Ki| 3
M. mvjvg mv‡ne I iwk` mv‡n‡ei e¨emvwqK Kvh©µg fv‡jvfv‡e N. miKvwi F‡Yi mwVK e¨envi bv n‡j Zv †`‡ki Rb¨ ¶wZKi n‡Z cv‡i
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cÖ‡qvRb? Zv e¨vL¨v Ki| 4 Pi GjvKvi iv¯—vNvU Dbœq‡b eivÏ †`Iqv nq| we`¨vjq I
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k‡Z© Pvl Ki‡Z †`q| Zviv cÖ‡Z¨‡KB Pv‡li Kv‡R 10,000 UvKv L. wek¦vq‡bi aviYvwU e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
M. wek¦vq‡bi d‡j evsjv‡`‡ki A_©bxwZ‡Z †h BwZevPK cÖfve
K‡i e¨q K‡i| Z‡e Drcvw`Z dmj iwng 15,000, Kwig c‡o‡Q Zv e¨vL¨v Ki| 3
12,000, I Rwmg 10,000 UvKvq wewµ K‡i| N. wekv¦ q‡bi d‡j evsjv‡`‡k Zvi †bwZevPK cÖfve we‡klY Ki| 4
58 K¨v›Ub‡g›U cvewjK ¯‹zj I K‡jR, iscyi
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1 2017 mv‡ji Z_¨ Abyhvqx evsjv‡`k I cvwK¯—v‡bi Zjz bvg~jK 6 Rwmg mv‡ne †kqvi µq bv K‡i eÛ µq K‡ib| Zvi aviYv eÛ
Ae¯’v‡bi mviwYwU j¶ Ki : †_‡K †hgb myweav cvIqv hvq †ZgbwU †kqvi †_‡K cvIqv hvq bv|
g~jZ eÛ n‡Z wbw`©ó Ges mywbwðZ Avq cvIqvi Kvi‡Y GiKg
m~PK evsjv‡`‡ki Ae¯’vb cvwK¯v— ‡bi Ae¯’vb aviYvi mw„ ó nq|
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L. cÖvBgvwi †kqvi n‡Z †m‡KÊvwi †kqv‡i iƒcvš‡— ii cÖwµqv eywS‡q †jL| 2
Mo Avqy 71.6 eQi 67 eQi M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K e‡Û wewb‡qv‡Mi myweavmg~n e¨vL¨v Ki| 3
mv¶iZvi nvi 71% 58% N. eÛ Ges †kqvi evRv‡ii g‡a¨ Zjz bv K‡i AwaK gybvdvi Rb¨
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†eKvi‡Z¡i nvi 4.2% 5.9% 7 Y AS
gv_vwcQy Avq $ 1610 $ 1629 `vg ͯiP2 F
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L. Òevsjv‡`k GKwU ga¨g Av‡qi †`kÓ e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 AD1
M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K evsjv‡`k I cvwK¯—v‡bi Zjz bvg~jK O X
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M. DÏxc‡K Dwjw LZ wPÎwU †Kvb ai‡bi gy`ªvùxwZ‡K wb‡`©k
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cÖ‡qvR‡bi Zjz bvq mvgvb¨| my›`ieb, gaycyi I fvIqvj Mo BZ¨vw` cv‡i Zv we‡klY Ki| 4
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3 AwgZ GKwU KviLvbvq KvR K‡i| KviLvbvwU evsjv‡`‡ki Avq Øviv e¨q msKzjvb bv n‡j NvUwZ A_©vq‡bi Drm wn‡m‡e miKvi
HwZ‡n¨i mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z| G wk‡íi Drcvw`Z `ªe¨ cwi‡ek evÜe Af¨ši— xY Ges ˆe‡`wkK Drm n‡Z FY †bq| hw`I G `y‡Uv Dr‡mi
n‡jI K…wÎg Auvk ˆZwi nIqvq wkíwU mgm¨vq c‡o‡Q| myweav I Amyweav Df‡qB †i‡L‡Q|
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10 wKQyKvj c~‡e©I evsjv‡`‡ki ißvwb cY¨ wQj nv‡Z‡Mvbv K‡qKwU| wKš‘
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L. evsjv‡`‡ki †fŠ‡MvwjK Ae¯’vb e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 7 Rbve bvwdm GKRb wb¤œga¨weË PvKwiRxex| evRv‡i wM‡q wZwb cÖZ¨¶
M. ÒweªwUk miKv‡ii Jcwb‡ewkK kvmb I †kvlY bxwZB Ki‡jb wbZ¨cÖ‡qvRbxh `ªe¨ mvgMÖxi `vg µgvMZ †e‡o P‡j‡Q| `ª‡e¨i
evsjv‡`‡ki A_©‰bwZK AbMmÖ iZvi g~j KviYÓ DÏxc‡Ki g~j¨ e„w× m¤ú‡K© we‡µZvi Kv‡Q Rvb‡Z PvB‡j we‡µZv ej‡jb,
Av‡jv‡K e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 evRv‡i `ªe¨ mieiv‡ni msK‡Ui Kvi‡YB `vg e„w× cv‡”Q|
N. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K cvwK¯—vb Avg‡j evsjv‡`‡ki †kvlY, K. gy`ªvùxwZ Kx? 1
eÂbv I A_©‰bwZK ˆel‡g¨i msw¶ß BwZnvm Zz‡j ai| 4 L. gy`vª ùwZi mv‡_ A‡_©i g~‡j¨i Kx ai‡bi m¤úK© i‡q‡Q? e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
2 wg. bRi“j GKRb abx K…lK| wZwb evwYwR¨K wfwˇZ wewfbœ M. cY¨`ª‡e¨i g~j¨ e„w×i Rb¨ Zwz g Kx Kx KviY‡K `vqx Ki‡e?
ai‡bi dmj djvb| wKš‘ wZwb Zvi Drcvw`Z dm‡ji b¨vh¨ g~j¨ e¨vL¨v Ki | 3
cvb bv| MÖv‡gi dwoqv I ga¨¯^ˇfvMx‡`i Kv‡Q wZwb Zvi N. `ª‡e¨i g~j¨ e„w× wbim‡bi Rb¨ Zwz g †Kvb ai‡bi mgvavb
dmj¸‡jv Kg g~‡j¨ wewµ Ki‡Z eva¨ nb| GRb¨ wZwb g‡b K‡ib mycvwik Ki‡e? †Zvgvi Dˇii mc‡¶ hyw³ `vI| 4
†h, K…wlcY¨ wecY‡bi Kvh©Ki c`‡¶c MÖnY Kiv GKvš— cÖ‡qvRb| 8 wg. †`‡jvqvi iscyi †Rjvi GKRb ˆe`y¨wZK wgw¯¿| †m Kv‡Ri
K. K…wl †RvZ Kx? 1 mÜv‡b †RÏv hvq| GKw`b †m GKwU kwcs g‡j mvgvb¨ cwigv‡Y
L. Rxeb wbe©vnx Lvgvi I evwYwR¨K Lvgv‡ii g‡a¨ †Kv‡bv cv_©K¨ evsjv‡`wk cY¨mvgMxÖ †`‡L Avb›` Abyfe K‡i wKš‘ Zv mvgvb¨gvÎ|
Av‡Q wK? e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 kwcsg‡j Ab¨vb¨ `ªe¨mvgMÖx Pxb, Av‡gwiKv I Rvg©vwbi| †`vKvb`vi
M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K K…wlcY¨ wecY‡bi mgm¨v¸‡jv eY©bv Ki| 3 wg. †`‡jvqvi‡K ej‡jb †h, †Zvgvi †`‡ki Drcvw`Z c‡Y¨i
N. wg. bRi“‡ji mgm¨v mgvav‡b ivó&ª Kxfv‡e Kvh©Ki f‚wgKv wb¤œgvb, cwienY mgm¨v I ivR‰bwZK Aw¯’wZkxjZvi Rb¨ Avgiv
ivL‡Z cv‡i e¨vL¨v Ki| 4 Kg cY¨ Avg`vwb Kwi|
3 gvwbK euv‡ki Kzjv, XvwK ˆZwi I wewµ K‡i| Zvi eD g³y v Zvi GB K. AvšR— ©vwZK evwYR¨ Kx? 1
Kv‡R mvnvh¨ K‡i| gvwb‡Ki cyuwR Kg _vKvq †m e¨vs‡K F‡Yi Rb¨ L. Avš—R©vwZK I Af¨ši— xY evwY‡R¨i cÖavb `ywU cv_©K¨ †jL| 2
hvq| wKš‘ RvgvbZ w`‡Z bv cvivq Zv‡K FY †`q bv| d‡j Zv‡K M. kwcsg‡j wg. †`‡jvqv‡ii †`‡ki cY¨ Kg nIqvi KviY Kx? 3
A‡bK K‡ó msmvi Pvjv‡Z nq| N. DÏxc‡K wg. †`‡jvqv‡ii †`‡ki cY¨mvgMÖx kwcsg‡j AwaK
K. ißvwbgyLx wkí Kx? 1 cwigv‡Y †`L‡Z n‡j Kx Kiv cÖ‡qvRb? 4
L. Kg©ms¯’vb e„wׇZ PPP-Gi f‚wgKv Kx? 2 9 mv¤úªwZKKv‡j miKvi `ª“Z A_©‰bwZK Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ wk¶v, ¯^v¯¨’ ,
M. DÏxc‡Ki DwjwLZ wk‡íi mgm¨vmg~n Kx Kx? 3 moK cwienY I †hvMv‡hvM e¨e¯’v, R¡vjvwb mieivn I mvgvwRK
N. DÏxc‡Ki DwjwLZ wk‡íi Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ Zwz g Kx Kx e¨e¯’v wbivcËvi Ici we‡kl ¸i“Z¡ w`‡”Q| Gme Lv‡Z e¨q wbe©v‡ni Rb¨
MÖn‡Yi mycvwik Ki? e¨vL¨v Ki| 4 miKvi A‡bK mgq †`‡ki Kj¨v‡Y Avw_©K I evwYwR¨K cÖwZôvb
4 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 16, ......... 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, ........ †_‡K †hgb FY MÖnY Ki‡Q †Zgwb miKvi ˆe‡`wkK miKvi I Avš—
R©vwZK ms¯’v †_‡KI FY wb‡”Q|
K. miKvwi A_©e¨e¯v’ Kx? 1
RbvwaKÅ L. AvqKi‡K cÖZ¨¶ Ki ejv nq †Kb? 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K miKvwi e¨‡qi ¸i“Z¡c~Y© LvZ¸‡jv e¨vL¨v Ki|3
cÉvKw‡ ZK wbGiva cÉwZGivagƒjK eÅeÕ©v N. DÏxc‡K Dwjw LZ miKvi KZ…©K M„nxZ Af¨ši— xY I ˆe‡`wkK
F‡Yi g‡a¨ †Kvb Drm †_‡K FY MÖnY Zwz g mg_©b Ki?
K. AvZ¥Kg©ms¯’vb Kx? 1 Dˇii mc‡¶ hwy ³ `vI| 4
L. Rš§nvi RbmsL¨v‡K Kxfv‡e cÖfvweZ K‡i? e¨vL¨v Ki | 2 10 evsjv‡`‡ki Dbœqb cÖwµqv mK‡jB `„wó AvKl©Y K‡i‡Q Ges
M. DÏxc‡Ki mv‡_ msMwZc~Y© RbmsL¨v ZË¡wU e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 wek¦e¨vcx cÖkswmZ n‡”Q| G Dbœqb cÖwµqv Ae¨vnZ ivLvi Rb¨
N. evsjv‡`‡ki Av_©mvgvwRK †c¶Ö vc‡U D³ ZË¡wU KZUzKz evsjv‡`k miKvi †ekwKQz Dbœqb cwiKíbv MÖnY K‡i‡Q| G
Kvh©Ki? g~j¨vqb Ki| 4 cwiKíbv¸‡jv myôzfv‡e ev¯e— vwqZ n‡j evsjv‡`k AwP‡iB GKwU
5 evsjv‡`k GKwU Rbeûj †`k| †`kwU K…wlcÖavb n‡jI Lv`¨ mg„× †`‡k cwiYZ n‡e e‡j Avkv Kiv n‡”Q|
Drcv`‡b ¯^qsm¤ú~Y© bq| d‡j RbmsL¨vi GK-Z…ZxqvskB Lv`¨ K. Dbœqb cwiKíbv Kx? 1
wbivcËvnxbZvi wkKvi| f‚wgnxb K…l‡Ki e¨vcK Dcw¯’wZ, eM©vPvl L. evwl©K Dbœqb cwiKíbv ej‡Z Kx †evS? 2
cÖ_v, Lv`¨ ¸`vgRvZKi‡Yi Afve, AwaK cwienY e¨q BZ¨vw` M. evsjv‡`‡ki Av_©mvgvwRK Dbœq‡b Dbœqb cwiKíbvi ¸i“Z¡ Av‡jvPbv Ki| 3
Kvi‡Y Lv`¨ wbivcËv AR©‡b miKvi †UKmB K…wl e¨e¯’v cÖeZ‡© bi N. evsjv‡`‡ki Dbœqb cwiKíbv ev¯—evq‡b Kx Kx mgm¨v
gva¨‡g †Póv Pvwj‡q hv‡”Q| Avkv Kiv hv‡”Q AwP‡i evsjv‡`k Lv`¨ i‡q‡Q we‡klY Ki| 4
wbivcËv wbwðZ Ki‡Z m¶g n‡e| 11 evsjv‡`‡k AwZ mv¤úªwZKKv‡j wewfbœ Lv`¨`ªe¨ I c‡Y¨i `vg A‡bK
K. †fRvj Lv`¨ Kx? 1 †e‡o‡Q| Avi G my‡hvM‡K e¨envi K‡i GK‡kÖwYi Amr e¨emvqx
L. wbivc` Lv`¨ cÖ‡qvRb †Kb? 2 AwaK jv‡fi Avkvq †fRvj Lv`¨ Drcv`b, msi¶Y I weµq
M. Lv`¨ wbivcËvnxbZvi KviY¸‡jv DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K wPwýZ Ki| 3 Ki‡Q| djkÖ“wZ‡Z Rb¯^v¯’¨ ûgwKi gy‡L co‡Q| Rb¯^v‡_© GB
N. DÏxc‡K Dwjw LZ c`‡¶c Qvov Lv`¨ wbivcËv AR©‡b miKvi †fRvj Lv`¨ Drcv`b, wewµ I cwi‡ekb eÜ nIqv `iKvi|
AviI Kx c`‡¶c MÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡i gZvgZ `vI| 4 K. wbivc` Lv`¨ Kx? 1
6 Beªvwng mv‡ne GKRb AemicÖvß cÖ‡dmi| wZwb †cbkb †_‡K cÖvß L. Lv`¨ wbivcËv aviYvwU †jL| 2
UvKv †Kv_vq wewb‡qvM Ki‡eb, †mB wel‡q wb‡q wPš—v Ki‡Qb| Zvi M. †fRvj Lv`¨ Kxfv‡e Rb¯^v¯’¨‡K ûgwK‡Z †d‡j? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3
mnKg©xiv wewfbœ civgk© w`‡q‡Qb| cwi‡k‡l wZwb wKQz UvKv e¨vs‡K N. evsjv‡`‡k Lv`¨ wbivc`Ki‡Y Kxfv‡e Rbm‡PZbZv M‡o
ivL‡jb Ges Aewkó UvKv wewfbœ †Kv¤úvwbi †kqvi I eÛ µq Ki‡jb| †Zvjv hvq? Av‡jvPbv Ki| 4
NCTB KZ©…K cÖ`Ë P‚ovšÍ gvbeȇbi Av‡jv‡K
G·K¬zwmf g‡Wj †U÷ I DËigvjv : eûwbe©vPwb
60 G·K¬wz mf g‡Wj †U÷ 01 welq †KvW : 1 1 0
mgq : 30 wgwbU A_©bxwZ wØZxq cÎ eûwbe©vPwb Afxÿv cY~ ©gvb : 30
[`ªóe¨ : Wvb cv‡ki msL¨v cÖ‡kœi cY~ ©gvb ÁvcK| wb‡Pi DÏxcK¸‡jv co Ges mswkøó cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI| †h‡Kv‡bv mvZwU cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI|]
1. †Kvb hyM‡K evsjvi BwZnv‡m Ô¯^Y©hMy Õ ejv nq? 10. Lv`¨ wbivcËvi w`K KqwU? 22. †`‡ki Af¨šÍ‡i Drcvw`Z I e¨en„Z
K Avw` I wn›`y hyM L gymwjg hyM K 3wU L 4wU M 5wU N 6wU `ª‡e¨i †Kvb ai‡bi ïé Av‡ivc Kiv nq?
M weªwUk hyM N cvwK¯vÍ b hyM 11. Lv`¨ wbivcËvi †KvbwU AvšÍR©vwZK Askx`vi? K Avg`vwb ïé L ißvwb ïé
K FAO L BSS M AveMvwi ïé N evwYR¨ ïé
2. evsjvi ¯^vaxbZvi m~h© KZ mv‡j A¯wÍ gZ hvq? M WTO N SAARC
23. we‡k¦i †Kvb †`‡ki cÖ_g cÂevwl©K
K 1757 L 1857 M 1947N 1957 12. †Kv‡bv †`‡ki Lv`¨ wbivcËv wbwðZ _vK‡j
cwiKíbv cÖ¯‘Z Kiv nq?
DÏxcKwU c‡o 3 I 4bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : 13. i. RxebhvÎvi gvb ev‡o
14. K h³y iv‡R¨ L ivwkqvq
3. GK mgq evsjv abm¤ú‡` cwic~Y© wQj| ii. cwy ó NvUwZ _v‡K bv M h³y iv‡óª N d«v‡Ý
4.
evsjvi A_©bxwZ wQj mg„×| GB AvKl©‡Y iii. Drcv`b ev‡o 24. evsjv‡`‡ki cÖ_g cÂevwl©K cwiKíbvi
25.
we‡`wk ewYKiv GB A‡j evwYR¨ Ki‡Z wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? †gqv`Kvj KZ?
Av‡m| d‡j ˆe‡`wkK evwYR¨ cÖmvi NUvq, K i I ii L i I iii K 1973-1978 L 1980-1985
evsjv A_©‰bwZKfv‡e AviI †ewk mg„w× jvf M ii I iii N i, ii I iii M 1985-1990 N 1990-1995
K‡i| GB hy‡M evsjvq gy`ªv e¨e¯’v Pvjy nq| evsjv‡`‡k †gvU KqwU ÷K G·‡PÄ Av‡Q? VAT-Gi c~Yi© ƒc Kx?
DÏxc‡K evsjvi †Kvb h‡y Mi A_©‰bwZK K 1wU L 2wU M 3wU N 4wU K Value As Tax
wPÎ jÿ Kiv hvq? g`y ªvùxwZ cwigvc Kivi Rb¨ †KvbwU L Value Accept Tax
K ¸ß hMy L gymwjg hyM e¨envi †ewk nq? M Value Added Tax
M weªwUk hMy N cvj hMy N Value And Tax
DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ h‡y M e¨emv-evwYR¨i K PPI L CPI
M EPI N GNP Deflotor DÏxcKwU c‡o 26 I 27bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
mÎ~ cvZ NUvq g~jZ
DÏxcKwU c‡o 15 I 16bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : iwdK mv‡ne XvKvi emÜy iv wmwU †_‡K
i. Bs‡iR ewYKiv
evsjv‡`k miKv‡ii Dbœqbgj~ K Kg©KvÐ GKwU Av‡gwiKvi †Kv¤úvwbi †gvevBj
ii. Avie ewYKiv cwiPvjbv Kivi Rb¨ cÖPzi A‡_©i cÖ‡qvRb †dvb wK‡bwQ‡jb| cieZx© ‡Z wZwb
iii. cZwz© MR ewYKiv nq| miKvi wewfbœfv‡e GmKj A_©vqb Av‡gwiKv åg‡Y wM‡q †`L‡jb †mLvbKvi
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K‡i _v‡K| †`‡ki mvwe©K Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ evRv‡i evsjv‡`wk ˆZwi †cvkvK cÖPiz
Ges A_©‰bwZK ¯^qsm¤ú~YZ© v AR©‡bi Rb¨
K i I ii L i I iii M ii I iii N i, ii I iii †`wk A_©vq‡bi Ici ¸iæZ¡ w`‡Z n‡e| cwigv‡Y weµq n‡”Q| GUv †`‡L wZwb
5. †Kvb Lvgvi‡K AvZ¥‡cvlY Lvgvi ejv nq?
K evwYwR¨K Lvgvi L Rxeb wbe©vnx Lvgvi 15. miKvwi A_©vq‡bi Drm KqwU? AZ¨šÍ Avbw›`Z n‡jb|
M eûgL~ x Lvgvi N mgevq Lvgvi K 2wU L 3wU M 4wU N 5wU 26. Av‡gwiKv I evsjv‡`k Kx ai‡bi evwY‡R¨
PPP-Gi cY~ i© ƒc Kx? 16. evsjv‡`‡k cÙv †mZz wbg©v‡Y †Kvb Drm wjß Av‡Q?
6. K Public Private Property †_‡K A_©vqb Kiv n‡”Q? K Af¨šiÍ xY evwY‡R¨
L Production Private Partnership L AvšRÍ ©vwZK evwY‡R¨
7. M Public Private Partnership K wek¦e¨vsK L Gkxq Dbœqb e¨vsK M ißvwb evwY‡R¨
N Provery Private Partnership M Af¨šÍixY Drm N Bmjvwg Dbœqb e¨vsK
17. gy`ªvùxwZi KviY wb‡Pi †KvbwU? N Avg`vwb evwY‡R¨
RbmsL¨vi NbZ¡ wbY©‡qi m~Î †KvbwU? 18.
8. 19. K g`y ªvi Aeg~j¨vqb L DcKiY `vg n«vm 27. DÏxc‡K Dwjwø LZ evwY‡R¨i mwy eav n‡jv
9. M Drcv`b e¨q n«vm N cwienb e¨q n«vm
TP TA 20. evsjv‡`‡ki cÖavb ißvwb `eª ¨ †KvbwU? i. ˆe‡`wkK g`y ªv AwR©Z nq
TA TP 21.
K DP = L DP = ii. K‚U‰bwZK m¤úK© †Rvi`vi nq
M PA N DP = TP TA K cvU I cvURvZ `ªe¨ L ˆZwi †cvkvK iii. †`‡ki m¤§vb e„w× nq
TA
DP = M Pvgov N Pv wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
mgxKiYwU †`L Ges 8 I 9bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : Òg`y ªvùxwZ Ggb GKwU Ae¯’v hLb A‡_©i K i I ii L ii I iii
M i I iii N i, ii I iii
AO g~j¨ µgvMZ n«vm cvq Ges `ªe¨g~j¨ 28. †Kvb †`k †_‡K evsjv‡`k me‡P‡q †ewk
M= O
RbmsL¨v cwigv‡ci D³ m~ÎwU †K cÖ`vb K‡ib? µgvMZ ew„ × cvqÓmsÁvwU Kvi? ˆe‡`wkK mvnvh¨ cvq?
K Aa¨vcK wc¸ L Aa¨vcK gvk©vj
K Gj. iweÝ L A¨vWvg w¯§_ M Aa¨vcK µvD_vi N †R. Gg. †KBÝ K hy³ivóª L hy³ivR¨
`yB ev Z‡ZvwaK †`‡ki g‡a¨ msNwUZ M †WbgvK© N Rvcvb
M G. gvk©vj N Wvëb 29. Ômv`v †mvbvÕ †KvbwU?
DÏxc‡Ki mgxKi‡Y M-Gi gvb abvZ¥K n‡j evwYR¨‡K Kx ejv nq? K nxiK L e¨v‡Oi cv
i. Kvg¨ RbmsL¨v wb‡`©k K‡i K AvÂwjK evwYR¨ L Af¨šÍixY evwYR¨
ii. AwaK RbmsL¨v wb‡`©k K‡i M AvšÍR©vwZK evwYR¨ N ¯’vbxq evwYR¨ M wPswo N Bwjk
†Kvb Ki gy`ªvùxwZ †iv‡a mnvqK? 30. Kw… li me‡P‡q eo DcLvZ †KvbwU?
iii. Kg RbmsL¨v wb‡`©k K‡i
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K weµq Ki L gybvdv Ki K grm¨ LvZ L cï LvZ
K i L ii M iii N i, ii I iii M AvqKi N gj~ ¨ ms‡hvRb Ki M km¨ LvZ N ebR LvZ
Self test1 KLMN 2 KLMN 3 KLMN 4 KLMN 5 KLMN 6 KLMN 7 KLMN 8 KLMN 9 KLMN 10 KLMN
11 KLMN 12 KLMN 13 KLMN 14 KLMN 15 KLMN 16 KLMN 17 KLMN 18 KLMN 19 KLMN 20 KLMN
21 KLMN 22 KLMN 23 KLMN 24 KLMN 25 KLMN 26 KLMN 27 KLMN 28 KLMN 29 KLMN 30 KLMN
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 L 2 K 3 L 4 L 5 L 6 M 7 K 8 N 9 L 10 K 11 K 12 N 13 L 14 L 15 K
16 M 17 K 18 K 19 M 20 M 21 M 22 M 23 L 24 K 25 M 26 L 27 N 28 N 29 M 30 M
m„Rbkxj A_©bxwZ wØZxq cÎ : GKv`k-Øv`k †kÖwY 61
61 G·K¬wz mf g‡Wj †U÷ 02
mgq : 30 wgwbU A_©bxwZ wØZxq cÎ eûwbe©vPwb Afxÿv c~Y©gvb : 30
1. evsjv‡`‡ki me©en„ r LvZ †KvbwU? 13. Lv`¨ wbivcËvi cÖKvi‡f‡`i AšÍfz©³ welq n‡jv 21. †KvbwU gy`ªvùxwZi KviY?
K grm¨ L Kw… l i. cvwievwiK Lv`¨ wbivcËv K Drcv`b e¨q n«vm
M cÖvwY m¤ú` N ebR m¤ú` ii. mly g Lv`¨ MÖnY L DcKi‡Yi `vg n«vm
2. 2012-13 A_©eQ‡i evwl©K Mo gy`ªvùxwZ iii. RvZxq Lv`¨ wbivcËv M gy`ªvi Aegj~ ¨vqb
K 8.8% L 7.1% wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? N cwienb e¨q n«vm
M 6.5% N 8.5% K i I ii L i I iii 22. Pv I cvU Drcv`‡b we‡klvwqZ AÂj n‡jv
3. evsjv‡`‡ki A_©bxwZi KvVv‡gv Kqfv‡M wef³? M ii I iii N i, ii I iii i. w`bvRciy
K `By L wZb 14. Lv`¨`ªe¨ †_‡K cÖvß cwy ó kix‡i Kx Drcv`b ii. wm‡jU
M Pvi N cuvP K‡i? iii. gqgbwmsn
4. Avh© cieZx©‡Z m~Pbv nq K Zvc I ÿgZv L Zvc I kw³ wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
i. †eŠ× hyM M kw³ I D`¨g N Zvc I we`¨y r K i I ii L ii I iii
ii. wn›`y hyM 15. eZ©gvb mgv‡R †KvbwUi Pig Aeÿq N‡U‡Q? M i I iii N i, ii I iii
iii. Bs‡iR hyM K cvi¯úwiK m¤úÖxwZi
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? L ˆ bwZK gj~ ¨‡ev‡ai 23. †fvM¨`ª‡e¨i AšfÍ ©y³ bq †KvbwU?
K wkï Lv`¨ L †fvR¨ †Zj
K i I ii L i I iii M †`kxq ms¯‹w… Zi M †c‡Uªvwjqvg mvgMÖx N Ilay cÎ
N mvgvwRK ixwZ-bxwZi
M ii I iii N i, ii I iii DÏxcKwU c‡o 16 I 17bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI : 24. evwYR¨ mvaviYZ KZ cÖKvi?
evRv‡i Avg wKb‡Z wM‡q cixÿv K‡i †`Lv hvq,
5. Drcv`‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨i wfwˇZ K…wl Lvgvi Av‡g digvwjb, gvQ evRv‡i digvwjb| djg~j K 5 cÖKvi L 4 cÖKvi
6. 16. cvÖ q meKwU‡Z welv³ †KwgK¨vj| ÿwZKviK
Kq cÖKvi? Dcv`vb †bB Ggb LvIqvi cvIqvB gykwKj| M 2 cÖKvi N 2 cÖKvi
K_v¸‡jv ej‡jb Wv. AvjvDwÏb eLwk|
K `y cÖKvi L wZb cÖKvi Wv. AvjvDwÏb eLwk Lv‡`¨i †Kvb welqwU DÏxcKwU c‡o 25 I 26bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI :
wb‡q nZvk?
M Pvi cÖKvi N cuvP cÖKvi P
`xN©‡gqvw` wewb‡qv‡Mi Rb¨ Kx cÖ‡qvRb? S
P1
K Znwej L D‡`¨vM P2 D2
D1
M B”Qv N ev‡RU
S
7. AvšRÍ ©vwZK cigvYy ms¯’v n‡”Q K Lv‡`¨ †fRvj OQ
K IAEA L FAO L evRv‡ii Lv`¨ 25. wPÎwU‡Z †Kvb ai‡bi gy`ªvùxwZ †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q?
M AWD N IEA M †LvjvevRv‡ii Lv`¨
N AwaK `v‡g Lv`¨ I djg~j K g`„ y L c`mÂvix
8. mewR wn‡m‡e gvkiæg AZ¨šÍ M avegvb N Djçø b
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aviYv we‡kølY Ki| 4 N. DÏxc‡K †h `yB ai‡bi miKvwi F‡Yi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q Zvi
5 ÔKÕ GKwU Dbœqbkxj †`k| G‡`‡k Lv`¨ wbivcËv wbwðZ Kivi Zjz bvg~jK we‡klø Y Ki| evsjv‡`‡ki Rb¨ †Kvb ai‡bi FY
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Dbœqb, `vwi`ª¨ we‡gvPb I bvbvwea Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ miKvi wewfbœ
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ÔKÕ †`‡k Kw… l Drcv`b ew„ × cv‡”Q, hv †`‡L g‡b Kiv nq Lv`¨km¨ †gqvw` cwiKíbv MÖnY K‡i _v‡K| Z‡e †`‡ki cÖK…Z Dbœqb wbf©i
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we‡klø Y Ki| 4 e¨vL¨v Ki| 4
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Economics 2nd Paper
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