BIOLOGY 1 (SB015) ASSIGNMENT 2022/2023 -BIO FLIPBOOK: MOLECULES OF LIFE & CELL STRUCTURES FUNCTIONS

BIOLOGY 1 (SB015)
ASSIGNMENT
2022/2023 -
BIO FLIPBOOK:

MOLECULES OF LIFE &
CELL STRUCTURES
FUNCTIONS (SET E)

Full Name: Khor Hong Jun
Matrics’ Number: MS2213103903

Practicum: H4T01A
Lecturer’s Name: Pn. Puteri Balqis binti Mohd Ishli

MAIN TYPES OF MOLECULES OF LIFE

Water Carbohydrates Lipid

Monosaccharides, Triglycerides,
Disaccharides and Phospholipid and
Polysaccharides
Steroids

MAIN TYPES OF MOLECULES OF LIFE

Protein Nucleic Acid

Fibrous proteins, Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
Globular proteins and &
Conjugated proteins
Ribonucleic acid (RNA)

Similarities & Differences between DNA & RNA

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) Ribonucleic Acid (RNA)

Both are polynucleotide made up of nucleotide monomers which include phosphate group, pentose
sugar and nitrogenous bases

Both are nucleic acid

DNA consists of two strands, arranged in a RNA only has one strand
double helix.

DNA is susceptible to UV damage. Compared with DNA, RNA is relatively
resistant to UV damage.

DNA is a much longer polymer than RNA RNA is relatively smaller than DNA

DNA contain deoxyribose sugar, which contains RNA contain ribose sugar, without the hydroxyl

one less hydroxyl group than RNA’s ribose modifications of deoxyribose

Similarities & Differences between DNA & RNA

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) Ribonucleic Acid (RNA)

Nitrogenous bases are Adenine (A), Thymine RNA share Adenine (A), Cytosine (C) and
(T), Cytosine (C) and Guanine (G) Guanine (G) with DNA, but replace Thymine (T)

with Uracil (U)

It is found in the nucleus, a small amount of DNA RNA forms in the nucleolus, and then moves to
also found in the mitochondrion specialised regions of the cytoplasm depending

on the type of RNA formed.

DNA is more stable RNA is less stable

There is only one type of DNA There are 3 types of RNA, namely messenger
RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA) and
ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

The ratio of A to T and C to G is one The ratio of A to U and C to G varies

Explain how to
calculate the
percentage of cytosine
if a DNA molecule
contains
24% thymine.

• In previous slide, we discuss that the ratio of the
complementary paris of nitrogenous bases in
DNA [(A-T) & (C-G)] is one.

• Therefore, the percentage of Adenine is same as
the percentage of Thymine in a DNA molecule.

• If a DNA molecules contains 24% thymine, it also
contains 24% adenine.

• Cytosine and Guanine also share equal
percentage in DNA, so we divide the remaining
percentage by 2.

Calculation:
(100% - 24% - 24%) ÷ 2 = 26%

Answer: The percentage of cytosine is 26% if a
DNA molecule contains 24% thymine

Differences between Prokaryotic
DNA and Eukaryotic DNA

PROKAYOTIC DNA VS EUKARYOTIC DNA

Can be found freely in It is found in the
the cytoplasm of nucleus of the cell,
inside the chloroplast
prokaryotic cells and and mitochondria
circular plasmids

Not bounded with Bounded with
nuclear envelope nuclear envlope

Circular Linear, with two
ends

PROKAYOTIC DNA VS EUKARYOTIC DNA

DNA replication occurs DNA replication
within the cytoplasm of occurs in the

the cell nucleus of the cell

The quantity of DNA The quantity of
is relatively less DNA is relative

There is no formation more
of nuclesomes and
There is a formation
chromosomes by DNA of nucleosomes and

chromosomes by
DNA