Year 6 Grammar Module

Unit 1: nouns

Common nouns

A common noun is a person, place, thing, or idea. These types of nouns are NOT
specific names of people, places, things, or ideas.

Example: The student was given an award at school for showing kindness.

people thing place idea

Examples of Common Nouns:

People Thing Place Animal Idea

janitor cup school lizard religion
lawyer book market butterfly love
gamer car gorilla
cashier smartphone park dream
salesman watch river shark happiness
mountain cat
fear

Activity 1: Underline the common nouns in the following sentences.

1. The careless boy lost his pen.
2. I went to the market with my mother.
3. The girl fell down the stairs.
4. My grandfather has an old car.
5. The typist works in the post office.
6. The fishermen are drying their nets in the sun.
7. The scout jumped into the pond to save the child.
8. The robbers broke into the shop and took all the money.
9. The monkey is eating a banana.
10. The cat is sleeping under the table.

11. The girls are on their way to the school.
12. I am working in the garden.
13. We must eat plenty of fruits and vegetables.
14. The dog is chasing the cat.
15. There are some mangoes in the basket.
16. The duck was swimming in the pond.
17. The lion is in the cage.
18. India is my country.
19. Cows eat grass.
20. I bought some oranges yesterday.

Activity 2: Fill in the blanks.

Daughter wife bride queen teacher
lecturer secretary grandmother
Headmistress nurse

1. My mother is a _______________. She takes care of sick people.
2. Ashok and his _________ have three children.
3. Mr. and Mrs. Guna have two sons and a ______________.
4. Rubini’s ____________________ gave presents to all her grandchildren.
5. Puan Romizah is our ______________. She comes to school very early in the

morning.
6. The king and ____________visited the old folks home last week.
7. The manager and his ________________ attended the meeting last Monday.
8. The bridegroom and his beautiful ______________ are dressed in blue.
9. Madame Ganes is an excellent __________. She teaches us English in our

school.
10. Pn Laily is a very humble and helpful ___________. All her college students

like her.

Activity 3: Read each sentence and find the nouns. Write them in the chart, and
label each noun as a person, place, thing, or idea.

1. My sister found a spider in the yard. Person, Place, Thing, Idea
Common Nouns person
sister

2. The friend took a snack to school. Person, Place, Thing, Idea
Common Nouns

3. A storm came through our town. Person, Place, Thing, Idea
Common Nouns

4. The puppy showed me love. Person, Place, Thing, Idea
Common Nouns

proper nouns

A proper noun is a specific name for a particular person, place, animal, idea or thing.
Proper nouns are always capitalized in English, no matter where they fall in a
sentence.

Examples of proper nouns:

People Things Places Animals

Ahmad Iphone SK Sungan Kitty
Bugap Toyota Taman Berlian Snoopy
Ah Chong Borneo Post Stuart Little
Mutu Stabilo Le Papa Si Comel
James Sony Santubong Chicky

Kuching

Activity 1: Underline the proper nouns in the following sentences.

1. I met Abu at the post office.
2. Siva is my classmate.
3. The girl comes from Simunjan.
4. I do not know how to speak Bidayuh.
5. Jupiter is the largest planet in our solar system.
6. Which is the capital city of Malaysia?
7. Siti and Chandra love to buy grocery at Everrise.
8. My family went to Pandan beach yesterday.
9. My cat, Comot is missing.
10. I am saving money to buy a Samsung laptop.
11. My father loves to read Sarawak Tribune.
12. I would like visit Kampung Budaya one day.
13. My favourite car is Proton Iswara.
14. He used to study at Malaya University.
15. SK Serian is having a school trip to Semenggo Wildlife Centre.
16. Pulau Pinang has a lot of delicious food.
17. Air Asia is having a promotion right now.
18. Jaclyn bought three bottle of Victoria’s Secret body mist.
19. My Casio watch is really durable.
20.My friend, Mei Ling went to The Spring mall last week.

Activity 2: Add a word from the box to complete each sentence.

cities students planets months countries days

1. Brunei, Thailand, and Cambodia are all __________.
2. Tuesday, Wednesday, and Saturday are all __________ of the week.
3. Katy, Mat, and Ian are all __________ at my school.
4. January, March, and September are all __________ of the year.
5. Kuching, Kota Kinabalu, and Seremban are all __________.
6. Earth, Mars, and Saturn are all __________ in our solar system.

Activity 3: Write an answer for each question.

1. What is your favorite day of the week? _____________________________________
2. What is your favorite month of the year? ____________________________________
3. What country would you like to visit? _______________________________________
4. What is the name of your teacher? ________________________________________
5. What is the name of your school? _________________________________________
6. What are the names of three other students in your class?

i. _______________________________________________________
ii. _______________________________________________________
iii. _______________________________________________________

Activity 4: Rewrite each sentence capitalizing each proper noun correctly.

1. My favourite holiday is christmas.
________________________________________________________________________

2. Next sunday, my friend aminah will be flying to miri.
________________________________________________________________________

Common and proper nouns

Examples of common and proper nouns:

Types of Nouns People Animals Things Places

Common teacher lion car school
mother duck pencil post office
cashier fish table field
lorry garden
driver cat stone restaurant
friend deer

Proper Aminah Scooby Doo Proton SK Sungan
Mrs Wong Garfield Acer Taman Berlian
Mr Muniandi Snoopy Stabilo Malaysia
Samban Kitty Tupperware Kota Kinabalu
Harry Simba Panasonic Kampung Jati

Activity 1: Complete the table below.

Types of Nouns People Animals Things Places

Common 1. 1. 1. 1.
2. 2. 2. 2.
3. 3. 3. 3.

Proper 1. 1. 1. 1.

2. 2. 2. 2.

3. 3. 3. 3.

Activity 2: Underline the common nouns and circle the proper nouns in the sentences.

1. Mr. Fan runs in the park every Sunday.
2. Caroline lives in an apartment at Ellis Street.
3. Jacob is taking a plane to Kelantan.
4. The zoo will be closed on Labor Day.
5. Nina's birthday is in March.
6. My family eats turkey on Thanksgiving.

7. Siva is having a picnic with Samantha at Friendship Park.
8. Uncle Chong lives by the lake in Bau.
9. Did you see Sigat at the party on Friday?
10. Quinn saw Venus through her telescope.
11. Ms. Brady bought us delicious pastries from Taka Patisserie.

Activity 3: Read the paragraph. Underline the common nouns and circle the proper
nouns.

Rani wants to join Selayar Pujangga dance team, but she has a problem. She goes
to SK Wira Jaya at 8th Mile Street. The school is three miles from the dancing studio.
That is too far for her to walk. Besides, she has to feed her dog after school. Rapid
Kuching bus goes only halfway to the pool. Her brother Chandran has a car, but he
works at McDonald until late in the evening. He can’t drive her to practice.

Activity 4: Change the common nouns into proper nouns.

1. The girl is visiting her friend.
________________________________________________________________________

2. My cat loves to eat can food.
________________________________________________________________________

3. My sister wants to go visit a city.
________________________________________________________________________

Singular and plural Nouns

Definition: Singular means only one. Plural means more than one.

For the plural form of most nouns, add s. cups
cup pencils
desks
pencil sticker
desk
sticker

For nouns that end in ch, x, s, or sh sounds, add es. boxes
box watches
mosses
watch
moss buses
bus
wolves
For nouns ending in f or fe, change f to v and add es. wives
wolf leaves
wife lives
leaf
life

Some nouns have different plural forms. children
child women

woman men
man mice
mouse

Nouns ending in vowels like y or o do not have definite rules.

baby babies
toy toys
kidney kidneys
potato potatoes
memo memos
stereo stereos

A few nouns have the same singular and plural forms.

sheep sheep
deer deer
series series
species species

In order to make a noun plural, it is usually only necessary to add s. However, there are
many irregular nouns that add es. The rules for spelling plural nouns are based on the letters
at the end of the word. The chart below breaks up the rules into categories so that they are

easier to remember.

Rule Examples

Most nouns Add s to form the plural. cat ⇒ cats
truck ⇒ trucks
bug ⇒ bugs

Nouns that end Add es to form the plural. For words bus ⇒ buses
in s, sh, x, ch, or z brush ⇒ brushes
that end in z, add an extra z before fox ⇒ foxes
the es. beach ⇒ beaches
quiz ⇒ quizzes

Nouns ending in f or fe Some nouns ending in f or fe just roof ⇒ roofs
add s. Sometimes it is necessary to safe ⇒ safes
change the f to a v. In that case, shelf ⇒ shelves
always end the word with es. wife ⇒ wives

Activity 1: Fill in the regular and irregular plural forms of the nouns.

hero inch
loaf alley
half photo
tree desk
dash party
bridge glass
cliff box
dish shoe
shelf louse
leaf deer
calf sheep
chief wolf
person city
toy crocodile
life child
brush mouse
half goose
wife tomato
roof proof
piano man
ox woman
person fish

Activity 2: Make each noun plural. Sort the nouns into the plural categories.

family love lorry bus sheep teacher
lice branch policeman thief tax elf
self city
life buffalo car species tooth
shrimp pen truss child activity

add s add es change f/fe to v add es

change y to add es irregular (change) Irregular (no change)

Activity 3: Fill in the blanks with the correct plural form of the noun in parentheses ( ).

1. Some _____________ (child) live with _______________ (grandparent).
2. Some _____________ (house) has problems with _____________ (mouse).
3. How many square _______________ (foot) does your house have?
4. I want to travel to many _____________ (country).
5. I can see many ______________ (fish) in the pond.
6. There a lot of _______________ (person) in the mall.
7. Do you want some _____________ (chip)?

Countable and Uncountable Nouns

Countable (or count) nouns are words which can be counted. They have a singular form and
a plural form. They usually refer to things. Most countable nouns become plural by adding an
‘s’ at the end of the word.

For example: Plural

Singular chairs
bottles
chair students
bottle
student

Uncountable (or non-count) nouns are words which cannot be counted. Therefore, they only
have a singular form. They have no plural forms. These words are thought of as wholes rather
than as parts.

For example:

Singular

money
furniture
information

Activity 1: Is the underlined noun countable or uncountable?

1. The students are watching movies after school.
2. Would like to have some juice?
3. I need salt because the soup is tasteless.
4. My mom is baking cupcakes.
5. My mother uses real honey to soften her lips.
6. She loves eating banana.
7. You’ll need some flours to fry the chicken.
8. You have days to complete the assignment.

Activity 2: Underline the noun in each sentence and write ‘C’ or ‘U’ to show whether
the noun is countable or uncountable.

1. That is a very good painting. __________
2. I don’t like coffee. __________
3. I need two clean cups. __________
4. She bought a new iron yesterday. __________
5. They’ve got plenty of cheese. __________
6. Would you like some chicken? __________
7. Too much cake isn’t good for you. __________
8. She ate the whole rice. __________.
9. How much flour did you buy? __________.
10. Hope keeps me going. __________.

Activity 3: Decide whether these nouns are countable (C) or uncountable (U).

1. milk 7. flour

2. room 8. cheese

3. butter 9. day

4. song 10. soil

5. music 11. paper

6. minute 12. juice

When using countable or uncountable nouns, pay attention to articles and adjectives!
Some articles and adjectives can be used with both countable and uncountable
nouns. However, others can be used with only countable or only uncountable nouns.

Used with Countable Nouns Only

a a doctor, a pen, a meal, a class, a
college

many many cups, many books, many
libraries, many flights

few few questions, few tables, few
apples, few holidays, few countries

a few a few questions, a few problems, a
few issues, a few issues

Used with Uncountable Nouns Only

much much money, much time, much
food, much water, much energy

little little trouble, little equipment, little
meat, little patience

a little bit of a little bit of confidence, a little bit of
sleep, a little bit of snow

Activity 4: Fill the blank spaces with much or many.

1. How ______ potatoes did you buy?
2. How ______ does the dress cost?
3. How ______ vinegar did they buy?
4. How ______ cars has she got?
5. How ______ times have you been there?
6. How ______ sugar do you need?
7. How ______ children do they have?
8. How ______ hours do you usually sleep?
9. How ______ people went to the concert?
10. How ______ cups of coffee do you drink?
11. How ______ did you pay for the dress?
12. How ______ cheese have you got?
13. How ______ chairs are there in the room?
14. How ______ wine did you drink?
15. How ______ potatoes shall I peel?
16. How ______ days does a leap year have?
17. How ______ is a kilo of tomatoes?

Activity 5: Fill the blank spaces with much or many.

1. We will come back in __________ days.
2. There is ________ traffic here.
3. Would you like some beer? Just__________ please.
4. There are only _________ biscuits left.
5. Can I have_________ pepper, please?
6. Would you like _________ water?
7. There were _________ taxis in front of the station.
8. Put ______ salt and mix the ingredients.
9. The bottle was not empty. ________ water was left.
10. ____________ students can answer the questions.
11. The weather was bad, but ________people came.
12. It’s winter, but we still have ________ flowers in the garden.
13. She can give us_______ help.
14. I only have_____ chips at home.
15. In ______ days we go on holiday.
16. There is _______ sugar left.

Collective Nouns

People Animals Things

a band of soldiers a colony of ants a bouquet of flowers
a circle of friends a drove of cattle a bunch of grapes
a crew of sailors a plague of locusts
a crowd of people a school of fish a clump of trees
a gang of thieves a herd of cattle a collection of coins
a group of people a collection of stamps
a horde of children a hive of bees
a mass of people an army of ants a deck of cards
a mob of hooligans a bevy of quail a set of teeth
a panel of experts a brood of chickens
a party of visitors a catch of fish a shelf of books
an army of soldiers a cloud of flies a string of pearls
a bevy of beauties a cloud of insects a pack of cards
a band of musicians a cloud of locusts a fleet of ships
a band of robbers a colony of gulls an album of photographs
a board of directors a drove of cattle an album of stamps
a drove of horses an anthology of poems
a body of men a flight of birds an archipelago of islands
a bunch of crooks a flight of doves a bale of cotton
a caravan of gypsies a flight of locusts a basket of fruit
a choir of singers a flight of swallows a batch of bread
a flock of birds a battery of guns
a class of pupils a flock of geese a block of flats
a class of students a flock of sheep a book of exercises
a company of actors a gaggle of geese a book of notes
a company of soldiers a bouquet of flowers
a congregation of worshippers a haul of fish
a crew of sailors a herd of buffaloes a bowl of rice
a crowd of spectators a bunch of bananas
a crowd of people a herd of cattle
a dynasty of kings a herd of deer a bunch of flowers
a herd of elephants a bunch of grapes

a bunch of keys
a bundle of rags

a galaxy of film stars a herd of goats a bundle of clothes

a gang of crooks a herd of swine a bundle of firewood
a gang of labourers a hive of bees a bundle of hay
a gang of prisoners a host of sparrows
a gang of robbers a kindle of kittens a catalogue of goods
a chain of mountains
a gang of thieves a litter of cubs
a horde of savages a litter of piglets a chest of drawers
a litter of kittens a cluster of coconuts
a host of angels a litter of puppies
a line of kings/rulers a cluster of grapes
a menagerie of wild animals a cloud of dust
a mob of rioters a muster of peacocks
a group of dancers a nest of ants a clump of bushes
a group of singers a nest of mice a clump of trees
a pack of rascals a collection of coins
a nest of rabbits a collection of curiosities
a pack of thieves a pack of hounds
a party of friends a pack of wolves a collection of stamps
a patrol of policemen a plague of insects a column of smoke
a posse of policemen a comb of bananas
a plague of locusts
a regiment of soldiers a pride of lions a compendium of games
a staff of employees
a school of herrings a constellation of stars
a staff of servants a school of porpoises a cluster of diamonds
a staff of teachers
a team of players a school of whales a cluster of stars
a clutch of eggs
a tribe of natives a shoal of fish
a troop of scouts a skein of wild geese in flight a crate of fruit
a troupe of artistes
a troupe of dancers a string of horses a crop of apples
a stud of horses a fall of rain
a troupe of performers a fall of snow
a party of friends a swarm of ants
a swarm of bees a fleet of motor-cars
a swarm of insects
a swarm of locusts a fleet of ships
a flight of aeroplanes
a team of horses
a team of oxen a flight of steps
a train of camels a forest of trees
a tribe of goats
a galaxy of stars
a troop of lions a garland of flowers
a troop of monkeys a glossary of difficult words
a zoo of wild animals a group of islands

a grove of trees
a hail of bullets
a harvest of wheat
a heap of rubbish

a heap of ruins
a hedge of bushes
a heap of stones

a layer of soil

a library of books
a line of cars
a list of names
a mass of ruins

a necklace of pearls
an outfit of clothes

an orchard of fruit trees
a pack of cards

a pack of lies
a packet of cigarettes

a packet of letters
a pair of shoes

a pencil of rays
a quiver of arrows

a range of hills
a range of mountains

a ream of paper

a reel of thread
a roll of film

a rope of pearls
a row of houses

a series of events
a set of china
a set of clubs
a set of tools

a sheaf of arrows
a sheaf of corn

a sheaf of grain
a sheaf of papers
a sheaf of wheat
a shower of blows
a shower of rain

a stack of arms
a stack of corn
a stack of hay
a stack of timber
a stack of wood
a stock of wood
a string of beads
a string of pearls
a suit of clothes
a suite of furniture
a suite of rooms
a tuft of grass

a tuft of hair
a wad of currency
a wreath of flowers

Activity 1: Circle the collective noun or nouns in each sentence.

1. The army of soldiers walked across the land.
2. The troops headed towards the battlefield.
3. The flock of geese flew over the lake.
4. The herd moved towards the river.
5. I bought a loaf of bread at the market.
6. The group of dancers went to the auditorium.
7. A tribe of natives lived on the empty land.
8. A hive of bees attacked the boy.
9. A flock of birds flew over my house.
10. A tribe of baboons swung on trees in the forest.
11. A sloth of bears looked in the river for fish.

Activity 2: Fill in the blanks with the correct answers.

1. A ____________ of locusts attacked a herd of cattle.
2. A ____________ of birds is always a beautiful sight.
3. They welcomed the chief guest with a ____________ of flowers.
4. As we drove down the country side, we saw a ____________ of sheep grazing in

the fields.
5. The ____________ of thieves has been arrested by the police.
6. There we saw a man carrying a ____________ of clothes on his head.
7. A ____________ of musicians was hired to perform at the party.
8. My friend has a fine ____________ of old stamps.

Unit 2 pronouns

Types of Pronouns:

singular plural

Subject Object Possessive Adjective Possessive Pronoun Reflexive
I my mine myself
me
▪ I like to sing. ▪ My voice is ▪ The song is mine. ▪ I train myself how
▪ They saw me beautiful. to sing.
singing.

she her her hers herself
▪ She has a bike. ▪ Her bike is red.
▪ I saw her riding a ▪ The bike is hers. ▪ She bought the
bike. bike herself.

he him his his himself

▪ He reads a book. ▪ They saw him ▪ His books are thick. ▪ The books are ▪ He reads all the
reading a book. his. books himself.

it it its its itself
▪ It has food. ▪ The food is its.
▪ I saw it eating some ▪ Its food looks ▪ It eats the food
itself.
food. delicious.

you you your yours yourself / yourselves

▪ You have pretty ▪ Amy helps you to ▪ Your flowers look ▪ The flowers are ▪ You water the
flowers. water the flower. pretty. yours. flowers yourself /
yourselves.

we us our ours ourselves

▪ We have a house. ▪ He lives with us. ▪ Our house is big. ▪ The house is ours. ▪ We bought the
house ourselves.

they them their theirs themselves

▪ They are teachers. ▪ The students pay ▪ Their classes are ▪ The noisy classes ▪ They teach the
attention to them. noisy. are theirs. students
themselves.

Nouns to pronouns:

Nouns Subject Object Possessive Possessive Reflexive
pronouns pronoun adjective pronoun pronoun
-
I me my mine myself
Jane, my aunt, mother, she
Nurul, Shanti her her hers herself
he
Harry, brother, my dad, him his his himself
Abu, Siva it
it its its itself
Tupperware, cat, you
Supersave, table, house you your yours yourself /

You and your friends

yourselves

You and I, Ahmad and we us our ours ourselves
I, He and I they
them their theirs themselves
Abu and Ali, students,
soldiers

Activity 1: Replace the nouns to subject pronouns.

Jane You and I

Mark Peter and I
The cat The teacher and I
Cats You and your dad
The sun My dog and I
Pencils My friend and I
Children My friend and you

The doctor The cat and the dog
The nurses The sun and the moon
The sea The people and I
Animals Peter and Lucy
The paper Sarah, Bob, and Kate

Activity 2: Complete the sentences with the correct object pronouns.

1. It’s a great song. I love ____________.
2. We can’t speak Chines very well. Can you help ___________?
3. The phone is ringing. Can you answer ____________?
4. I often call Maimunah, but she hardly ever calls ___________.
5. Can you go to the boss’s office? She wants to see ___________.
6. Where are my keys? I can’t find ___________!
7. Hello, again! Do you remember ____________? My name’s Chandran.
8. Is Kate’s boyfriend nice? I don’t know ____________.
9. Our neighbours are unfriendly. The never speak to _____________.
10. You have a message from Alice. Please call ___________ on her mobile phone.
11. I love my girlfriend. She loves ___________ too.
12. Tom buys toys for the girl at the hospital. He visits ___________ every week.
13. Sylvia feed his cat. She cares about ___________.
14. My grandfather takes his grandson to school. He drives ___________ in his car.
15. We enjoyed the books that the librarian lent ___________ last Friday.
16. Mr Ripley didn’t carry an umbrella because he hated ___________.
17. The children listened to Susana because they liked ___________.
18. George rode the bike that his parents gave ___________ for his birthday.
19. Please, switch off the TV, It’s disturbing ___________ (I) a lot.
20. Jimmy spent the weekend in London. He enjoyed ___________ with some

friends.
21. Caroline has bought a present for Fernando. She hasn’t sent ___________ yet.
22. Madam Maria is giving a lesson. Some pupils aren’t listening to ___________.
23. Alice is hungry so she is eating a cheese sandwich. She loves ___________.
24. Cheating is a bad habit. I hate ___________.
25. Richard met my sister and I at the cinema. He invited ___________ for a drink.
26. Elisabeth corrects my mistakes. I think this is good for ___________.
27. Walter plays the guitar well. His parents are happy with ___________.
28. The medicine tasted horrible. I didn’t want to drink ___________.
29. Leonard offered Mary a job but she didn’t accept ___________.

Activity 3: Fill in the blanks with the correct possessive adjectives.

1. The boy likes _______________ school.
2. Mary sees ______________ mother every day.
3. My teachers bring _______________ children to or place on Saturdays.
4. The cat eats ______________ food quickly.
5. I often forget _________________ key.
6. You write in _________________ book in class.
7. The men always bring _______________ wives to the party.
8. Mr Ahmad teaches _______________ students in the morning.

9. She likes to give presents to ________________ grandchildren.
10. They never do _______________ homework.
11. Your always wear ______________ uniform at school.
12. We love _____________ school.
13. Chong and Melati play with ___________ friends.
14. Ali sometime wear ____________ green t-shirt.
15. We bring _____________ pencils to class.
16. I rarely walk to ______________ school.
17. We eat _______________ lunch at 12 a.m.
18. The bird always sleeps in ____________ nest.
19. She always forgets ________________ books in the cupboard.
20. He often speaks to ________________ friends.
21. They close _______________ books.
22. Where is (I) ______________ book?
23. Here is (we) ______________ teacher.
24. She goes to school with (she) ______________ brother.
25. (They) ______________ father works in a car factory.
26. (You) ______________ laptop is very expensive.
27. (He) ______________ favourite hobby is tennis.
28. (I) ______________ husband and I want to go to Paris.
29. Leila likes (she) _____________ dog.
30. (It) _______________ is Bobby.
31. (They) ______________ names are Joseph and Jacobs.
32. (I) ________________ teacher loves me.
33. (We) _______________ school is very nice.

Activity 4: Choose the right possessive pronoun.

1. It belongs to me. It is ________.
2. It belongs to them. It is ________.
3. It belongs to us. It is __________.
4. It belongs to her. It is __________.
5. It belongs to you. It is __________.
6. It belongs to him. It is __________.
7. It belongs to you and me. It is _________.
8. It belongs to Nick and John. It is _________.
9. They belong to you. They are __________.
10. They belong to Marco. They are __________.
11. I have a new book. It is ________.
12. She has a new cat. It is ________.
13. They have new pillows. It is ________.
14. We have new shoes. They are _______.
15. He has a new car. It is ________.
16. You have a new toy. It is _________.

17. The dog has a new bone. It is ________.
18. The book belongs to her. It is ________.
19. The coat belongs to me. It is _________.
20. The chair belongs to Mary. It is _______.
21. John has a book. It is _________.
22. Lena has boots. They are _________.
23. Phil and I have many toys. They are ________.
24. You have a hat. It is ________.
25. Matthew and you have a train set. It is _______.
26. Mom and dad have a car. It is __________.
27. I have mittens. They are _________.
28. Mara has a doll. It is __________.
29. The teacher has a whiteboard. It is _________.
30. The cat has a bed. It is ___________.

Activity 5: Fill in the blanks with the correct reflexive pronouns.

1. My little sister can dress _______________.
2. I wash my clothes ___________________.
3. We repaired the computer ____________.
4. My uncle shaves __________ every morning.
5. I don’t like to talk about _______________.
6. My sister lives by ____________________.
7. Sarah looks at ___________ in the mirror for hours.
8. We hurt ____________ in the accident.
9. You are going to enjoy ____________ if you go to the party.
10. Kids don’t hurt ____________ when they are in the park.
11. I am going to buy _________ a new dress.
12. I taught ____________ how to swim.
13. She blames __________ for the mistake.
14. My brother cuts _________ when he uses that knife.
15. My grandmother burnt __________ when she was baking a cake.
16. We entertained __________ playing cards.
17. They spend hours looking at ___________ in the mirror.
18. I hurt _________ when I fell down the swing.
19. He told __________ that he would get the best mark in his class.
20. The baby is not old enough to wash _______.
21. My dog nearly killed __________ when it ran across the road.
22. The children entertained _________ riding their bikes in the park.
23. I hate people who only think about _______.
24. Our teacher told us that she started to live by ___________ at the age of 18.
25. You shouldn’t go there by ____________.
26. Don’t put your hands there. You can burn ____________.
27. The dog returned home by ___________.

28. We learned how to play the guitar_______.
29. I don’t like ______________.
30. She doesn’t respect _____________.
31. She taught _________ how to speak French. She didn’t go to school.
32. The cat had fleas and was scratching ______ the whole day.

Unit 3: verbs

Regular verbs

We form the past simple of most regular verbs by adding -ed to the main verb.
Examples:

wash washed

kiss kissed

play played

For verbs ending in -e, we add -d.
Examples:

love loved
like liked

For verbs ending in a consonant + y, we drop the -y and add -ied.
Examples:

cry cried
carry carried

For verbs ending in a stressed vowel between two consonants, we double the last
consonant and add -ed.
Examples:

stop stopped

fit fitted

Regular Verbs vs Irregular Verbs

Regular verbs are dependably consistent — the simple past ends in ed so do the past
participle.

Check out this chart:

Infinitive Simple Present Regular Verbs Past Participle Present Participle
to laugh laugh(s) Simple Past laughed laughing
to start start(s) laughed started starting
to wash wash(es) started washed washing
to wink wink(s) washed winked winking
winked

In contrast, the simple past and past participle of irregular verbs can end in a variety
of ways, with absolutely no consistent pattern.

Here are some examples:

Infinitive Simple Present Irregular Verbs Past Participle Present Participle
to drive drive(s) Simple Past driven driving
to feel feel(s) drove felt feeling
to put put(s) felt put putting
to swim swim(s) put swum
swam swimming

Activity 1: Convert the regular verbs.

Infinitive Simple Present Simple Past Past Participle Present Participle
to play play(s) played played playing
to want
to work
to laugh
to start
to bake
to care
to race
to type
to hate
to hop
to jog
to slam
to zip
to clap
to spy
to bury
to hurry
to vary
to apply

Activity 2: Convert irregular verbs.

Infinitive Simple Present Simple Past Past Participle Present Participle
to arise become became become becoming
to become
to begin
to cut
to catch
to draw
to do
to dig

to fly
to find
to get
to grow
to hear
to hurt
to keep
to lead
to mean
to leave
to run
to sell
to put
to take
to see
to write

Verb Tenses

Simple Present Simple Past Simple Future

▪ I jump. ▪ I jumped yesterday. ▪ I will jump tomorrow.
▪ She eats.
▪ You cry. ▪ She ate last night. ▪ She will eat next week.

▪ You cried 2 days ago. ▪ You will cry.

▪ facts ▪ to talk about past ▪ to talk about future
▪ daily routines
▪ happening now Clues: last week, Clues: next week,
yesterday, last night, a tomorrow, next year,
Clues: every day, daily, year ago, once upon a later, next month
every morning, every time, last holiday,
weekend After will, the verb must
be in base form

Simple present

Activity 1: Complete the sentences using the following verbs.

cause(s) connect(s) drink(s) live(s) open(s) speak(s) take(s)

1. Ah Lai ________________ Iban very well.
2. I don’t often ______________ Milo.
3. The market ______________ at 7.30 in the morning.
4. Smoking ______________ many diseases.
5. My friends ______________ at Kampung Melayu for a month.
6. Siti and Shanti ____________ the treasure box by themselves.
7. The tunnel ____________ my house to a secret garden.

Activity 2: Choose the correct answer.

1. I ____________ (drive) to school every morning.
2. This ___________ (look) really bad.
3. They ____________ (hike) every weekend.
4. Shima ___________ (run) at the field every evening.
5. Harry and Hafiz ___________ (go) to class together every day.

Activity 3: Complete with the full form of the verb ‘to be’.

1. I ____________ a student.
2. He ____________ a teacher.
3. She ____________ a journalist.
4. It ____________ a book.
5. We ____________ mechanics.
6. You ____________ pilots.
7. They ____________ policemen.

Simple past

Activity 1: Fill in the blanks with the past simple of the verbs in brackets. (regular verbs)

1. Janet _______________ (watch) a film on TV.
2. The girl _______________ (finish) her homework.
3. The car _______ (stop) in the middle of the street.
4. My father ________________ (fix) the TV.
5. The children ______________ (visit) the museum.
6. Helen _______ (wash) her hair with a new shampoo.
7. My friends _____________ (notice) my new dress.
8. My mother _______________ (guide) me.
9. The criminal ____________ (confess) the murder.
10. They _____________ (offer) me a new CD.
11. Yesterday I _________ (wait) for you for an hour.
12. My mother ___________ (divide) the cake in six.
13. A friend of mine _______ (receive) a weird e-mail.

Activity 2: Fill in the blanks with the past simple of the verbs in brackets. (regular verbs)

1. My baby brother ____________ (damage) the TV.
2. My family _____________ (plan) a trip to the UK.
3. Mr. Harris _____________ (carry) the heavy boxes to the attic.
4. I _______________ (talk) to John on the phone.
5. Last weekend I _____________ (dance) with Jim.
6. Karen and Sara _________ (play) computer games.
7. The students _____ (describe) their last holidays.
8. Tom ________ (collect) stamps when he was ten.
9. The young boy _____________ (cry) for help.
10. Susan _____________ (wrap) the present.
11. Katy ____________ (admire) her grandmother.
12. The baby _____ (clap) his hands with satisfaction.

Activity 3: Fill in the blanks with the past simple of the verbs in brackets. (irregular verbs)

1. She _________________ (bring) some chocolates to the party.
2. I _________________ (hear) a new song on the radio.
3. I _________________ (read) three books last week.
4. They _________________ (speak) French to the waitress.
5. I _________________ (forget) to buy some milk.
6. She _________________ (have) a baby in June.
7. You _________________ (lose) your keys last week.
8. They _________________ (swim) 500m.
9. I _________________ (give) my mother a handbag for Christmas.
10. At the age of 23, she _________________ (become) a doctor.
11. I _________________ (know) the answer yesterday.
12. He _________________ (tell) me that he lived in Kapit.
13. He _________________ (keep) his promise.
14. I _________________ (choose) the steak for dinner.
15. The film _________________ (begin) late.
16. We _________________ (fly) to Sydney.
17. They _________________ (drive) to Beijing.
18. He _________________ (teach) English at the University.
19. I _________________ (send) you an e-mail earlier.
20.We _________________ (leave) the house at 7 a.m..
21. He _________________ (feel) terrible after eating the prawns.

Simple future

Activity 1: Fill in the blanks with the simple future verbs in brackets

1. The train __________ (to arrive) at 12:30.
2. We __________ (to have) dinner at a seaside restaurant on Sunday.
3. It __________(to snow) in Seoul tomorrow evening.
4. On Friday at 8 o’clock I __________ (to meet) my friend.
5. Paul __________ (to fly) to London on Monday morning.
6. Wait! I __________ (to drive) you to the station.
7. The English lesson __________ (to start) at 8:45.
8. I __________ (to see) my mother in April.
9. Look at the clouds! It __________ (to rain) in a few minutes.
10. When they __________ (to get) married in March, they __________ (to be)

together for six years.
11. You’re carrying too much. I __________ (to open) the door for you.
12. When I __________ (to see) you tomorrow, I __________ (show) you my new

book.
13. After you __________ (to take) a nap, you __________ (to feel) a lot better
14. I’m sorry but you need to stay in the office until you __________ (to finish) your

work.
15. I __________ (to buy) the cigarettes from the corner shop when it __________

(to open).
16. I __________ (to let) you know the second the builders __________ (to finish)

decorating.
17. Before we __________ (to start) our lesson, we __________ (to have) a review.
18. We __________ (to wait) in the shelter until the bus __________ (to come).
19. I’m very sorry Dr. Gopal __________ (not be) back in the clinic until 2pm.
20. I __________ (to live) in Kuantan for four years.
21. I don’t think you __________ (to have) any problems when you land in Penang
22. The baby should be due soon, next week she __________ (to be) pregnant for

nine months.
23. By the time we get home, they __________ (to play) football for 30 minutes.
24. In three years, I __________ (to live) in a different country.
25. You __________ (to take) your children with you to Indonesia?
26. This time next week I __________ (to ski) in Switzerland!
27. Now I __________ (to check) my answers.

Continuous tense

Present Continuous Subject Verb To Be Verb + ing
Past Continuous I am singing loudly.
Future Continuous is dreaming.
She is playing ball.
He is eating.
It are hoping too much.
You are laughing.
We are walking at the park.
They was sleeping.
I was sweeping the floor.
She was driving.
He was climbing the tree.
It were sneaking.
You were watching TV.
We were fighting.
They travelling
I will be selling her house.
She will be fasting tomorrow.
He will be raining this evening.
It will be seeing me next week,
You will be helping you.
We will be eating.
They will be

Activity 1: Present Continuous

1. It __________ (rain) heavily.
2. I __________ (get) up late.
3. He __________ (read) in bed.
4. She __________ (go) to school on foot.
5. I __________ (visit) Algeria.
6. She __________ (sell) her old book.
7. He __________ (play) in Real Madrid.
8. They __________ (repair) the car.
9. He __________ (work) in France.
10. She __________ (swim) well.
11. The teacher __________ (explain) the lesson.
12. They __________ (leave) for Paris in August.
13. We __________ (move) in September.
14. Look, it __________ (rain).
15. I __________ (study) now.
16. Mary __________ (write) a letter.
17. John __________ (eat) bread

Activity 2: Past Continuous

1. He _______________ an orange. (eat)
2. They ______________ hard. (work)
3. Suresh _______________ the traffic lights. (cross)
4. My grandmother ______________ us stories. (tell)
5. We __________________ the examinations. (take)
6. The girls _______________ the picture. (paint)
7. She ________________ her hair. (wash)
8. The children ______________ all night. (dance)
9. Sita _______________ a letter. (write)
10. Raja ________________ his homework. (do)

Activity 3: Write the correct form of the future continuous tense using “ ”will”.

1. I _______________________ (to do) my homework tomorrow.
2. Well, I guess we _______________________ (to ride) the bus to work next week.
3. He _______________________ (to eat) roast beef for dinner.
4. At 7:30 tonight, I _______________________ (to watch) a movie.
5. I hope it _______________________ (to rain) at this time tomorrow.
6. Jane _______ not __________________ (to quit) her job on Monday.
7. My sister _______ probably ________________ (to go) to camp this summer.

Activity 4: Write the correct form of the future continuous tense using “ ”going”.

1. Jess and Billy ___________________________ (to act) in the play this fall.
2. It ____________________________ (to rain) this afternoon.
3. Yuki___________________________ (to come) to the movie with us.
4. Our family ___________________________ (to move) to Alaska.
5. Todd _______ not ______________________ (to have) surgery to repair his knee.
6. What time do you think we ________________________ (to go) to the party?
7. They ______ probably ______________________ (to run) four miles tomorrow.

Unit 4 articles

Indefinite Article a general singular
Definite Article an specific
singular
the plural

Indefinite Article

a an

initial consonant sound initial vocal sound

Examples: Examples:
1. a cat 1. an apple
2. a boy 2. an umbrella
3. a pen 3. an iPhone
4. a kite 4. an elephant
5. a tap 5. an author
6. a green apple 6. an attractive boy
7. a good student 7. an awesome show
8. a big octopus 8. an easy test

Some words start with vocal letters; Some words start with consonant letters;
however, they have consonant initial however, they have consonant initial
sounds. For examples: sounds. For examples:

1. a university 1. an hour
2. a unique building 2. an honest man
3. a unit 3. an historical event
4. a united country 4. an S
5. a European 5. an F
6. a Eurasian 6. an M
7. a one-night stay 7. an N
8. a U 8. an heir

Activity 1: Fill in the blanks with indefinite articles a and an.

1. Nick has ______ big nose.
2. Can I have _____ cup of tea?
3. My new T-shirt has _____ yellow print.
4. ______cat has whiskers.
5. Andy and Tony have ____ day off.
6. Neil has ______ dog.
7. I need _____ new towel.
8. Let’s read ______ story.
9. Let’s read _____ English story.
10. Have you got ______ exercise book?
11. My father is _____ doctor.
12. It is _______ European country.
13. I don’t want _____ cake.
14. I have never been in _____ airplane.
15. I have got _____ big shirt.
16. My friends and I have to wait for ________ hour.
17. What ______ nice day!
18. There is _______ long queue.
19. Give me ______ piece of the cake.
20. He wants _______ honest opinion.
21. Do you want _____ blue one or ______ grey one?
22. I know ______ funny game.
23. I am tired after ______ holiday.
24. Bill is _____ good friend.
25. Please write ______ ‘f”.
26. ______ banana is yellow.
27. England has ______ queen.
28. I got ______ umbrella for my birthday.
29. Siva decided to further his study in _______ university in Kuching.
30. Doug has ______ white jersey.
31. They have ordered _____ hot dish.
32. _____ apple _____ day keeps the doctor away.
33. I am _____ proud pupil.
34. My dog is ______ German shepherd.
35. Hawaii is ______ island.
36. It is Christmas once ______ year.
37. It is _______ once-in-a-lifetime experience.

No article

General ideas, plurals or water, juice, love, kindness, girls, students
uncountable nouns
Romeo and Juliet, Bawang Putih dan Bawang
Names of people, books, and Merah
plays (unless it is part of the title).

Towns, cities, states and countries. Sarawak, Kuching, Thailand, London
(Exceptions: The USA, The UK, The Netherlands,
The Czech Republic, The Philippines)

Lakes, single islands, continents or Chini Lake, Kenyir Lake, Langkawi Island, Asia,

mountains. Mount Kinabalu

Planets Mars, Uranus

Sports or games football, hockey, basketball

Meals lunch, dinner, breakfast
Language Malay, Chinnes

1. I want to drink juice. correct
I want to drink the apple juice. incorrect
correct
2. Kindness is free. incorrect
The kindness is free. correct
incorrect
3. I love reading Romeo and Juliet. correct
I love reading the Romeo and Juliet. incorrect
correct
4. Sarah enjoys watching Ultraman. incorrect
Sarah enjoys watching the Ultraman. correct
incorrect
5. One day, I want to go to Sabah. correct
One day, I want to go to the Sabah. incorrect
correct
6. He went to Langkawi Island last weekend. incorrect
He went to the Langkawi Island last weekend. correct
incorrect
7. Let’s travel to Mars.
Let’s travel to the Mars.

8. He loves playing football.
He loves playing the football.

9. I am ready for dinner.
I am ready for the dinner.

Nouns with article the

1. Musical Instrument 2. One of a kind
the guitar the moon
the piano the sun
the violin the world
the drums the universe

3. SOME countries 4. Oceans and Seas
The United States of America The South Asia Sea
The Philippines The Pacific Ocean
The United Kingdom The Indian Ocean
The United Arab Emirates The Red Sea

5. Nationalities/Families 6. Mountain Ranges
The Addams family The Titiwangsa
The Malaysians The Himalayan
The Koreans The Alps
The Tans family The Kelingkang

Activity 1: Choose the correct article: a, an, or the.

1. There is _________ man sitting at the bench.
2. ___________ man sitting at the bench is my uncle.
3. I think ___________ ladies who went to party are her classmates.
4. __________ lady should behave.
5. This is __________ pen that I bought yesterday.
6. This is __________ pen.
7. James is ___________ honest man who everyone likes
8. James is ___________ honest man.
9. She thinks ____________ boy sitting next to her is handsome.

Activity 2: Choose the correct article: a, an, the or x (no article).

1. _________ house 9. _________ dead sea
2. _________ house on the hill 10. _________ Kenyir lake
3. _________ Crocker range 11. _________ ukulele
4. _________ Indonesia 12. _________ Borneo Post
5. _________ United Nation 13. _________ courage
6. _________ hour 14. _________ Perhentian Island
7. _________ Indonesians 15. _________ netball
8. _________ Kardashians family 16. _________ Pluto

Activity 3: Choose the correct article: a, an, the or x (no article).

1. I bought _________ pair of shoes.
2. I saw _________ movie last night.
3. Look at _________ woman over there! She is a famous actress.
4. I do not like _________ basketball.
5. That is _________ girl I told you about.
6. _________ price of gas keeps rising.
7. John travelled to _________ Australia.
8. Juan is _________ Malaysian.
9. I read _________ amazing story yesterday.
10. My brother does not eat _________ chicken.
11. _________ love is such _________ beautiful thing.
12. I would like _________ piece of cake.
13. Are you coming to _________ party next Saturday?
14. I bought _________ new TV set yesterday.
15. I think _________ man over there is very ill. He can't stand on his feet.
16. I watched _________ video you had sent me.
17. She was wearing _________ ugly dress when she met him.
18. I am crazy about reading _________ history books.
19. She is _________ nice girl.
20. Do you want to go to _________ restaurant where we first met?
21. Abu and Ahmad had a great time watching __________ Harry Potter.
22. He is _________ very nice man.
23. They are _________ brave girls.
24. _________ farmhouses in my village were rather poor.
25. He told me _________ story of his life.
26. My family and I went to _________ Lake Biru in Bau the other day.
27. The roof of _________ house was on fire.
28. We are _________ pupils.
29. Those were _________ interesting books.
30. Look at _________ top of that tree.
31. I am _________ good sailor.
32. _________ frame of that picture is broken.
33. John has become _________ driver.
34. It was _________ very long way to go.
35. We stopped at _________ door of his house.
36. _________ cover of my English book is red.
37. Henry and Peter were _________ good sportsmen.
38. _________ last days of my stay in London were most interesting.
39. He ___________ man that I love.
40. Let’s play __________ guitar.

NOTE: We often use a / an to talk about a person or thing for the first time; and the

when we talk about the person or thing again.

Example:

I bought a book at Popular Bookstore the other day. The book is my favourite now.

first time second time

I saw a mysterious man in front of my house. It turns out that the man is my uncle.

first time second time

Remember: We don’t use a / an with plurals. We can use the with plurals.
e.g. She bought the shoes last week.

Activity 6: Choose the correct article: a, an, or the.

1. Carey saves _________ stray cat. _________ looks sick and hungry.
2. There is _________ object flying above my house. ________ object looks like

______ UFO.
3. My mum stays at _________ hotel this weekend. _________ hotel is not far from

her office.
4. I told Jimbun to buy _________ notebook for me. Unfortunately, he left ________

notebook at his house.
5. Jerry buys a house for himself. ________ house is beautiful. It is ________ house

that he has been dreaming to buy for so long.
6. I order _________ chicken pie. __________ pie tastes really good.
7. Fatimah gave me __________ dress for my birthday present. Now, _________

dress is missing.
8. Can I have _________ drink please? _________ drink should be cold.
9. _________ red cap suits you better. __________ cap should be plain too.

Activity 7: Choose the correct article: a, an, or the.

My mum and I went to _________ restaurant the other day. _________ restaurant is
located at __________ a small town. _________ town is absolutely beautiful and
peaceful. At _______ restaurant, I ate _________ bowl of chicken porridge. _________
porridge was so good. I hope I can go to _________ restaurant again in the future.

Activity 8: Choose the correct article: a, an, or the.

Jimmy wanted to buy ________ video game set. However, ________ game set that he
wanted was sold out. Jimmy then decided to use the money to buy ________
computer. He played games with ________ computer every day.

Activity 9: Choose the correct article: a, an, or the.

I went to ________ concert with my friend, Maimunah last week. _________ concert
was held in _________ stadium at _________ city in Indonesia. We took ________ flight
to Indonesia on Monday night. ________ city was so beautiful at night. We took
_________ taxi to our hotel. Our driver drove pass __________ stadium where
__________ concert will be held the next day. After 20 minutes, ________ taxi we rode
arrived at our hotel. I was so excited wait to be at __________ concert that I could not
sleep the whole night.