เนื้อเยื่อพืช

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à¹Íé× àÂ×Íè ¾ª×
(Plant tissue)

***ËҌ Á¹Ó仨Ó˹ҋ ÂáÅÐ㪌ã¹àªÔ§¾Ò³ªÔ Â* **

ÊÒúѭ 2
3
à¹×éÍàÂ×è;ª× (Plant Tissue) 3
5
• ¡ÒèÓṡà¹é×ÍàÂÍ×è ¾ª× 5
• à¹Íé× àÂÍè× à¨ÃÔ­ 6
• ª¹´Ô ¢Í§à¹é×ÍàÂè×Íà¨Ã­Ô
• à¹Í×é àÂ×èͶÒÇÃàª§Ô à´ÂÕè Ç 6
7
• Epidermis 7
• Parenchyma 8
• Collenchyma 8
• Sclerenchyma
• Endodermis 9
• Phellem 9
• Phelloderm 10
• à¹×Íé àÂÍ×è ¶ÒÇÃàª§Ô «ÍŒ ¹
• Xylem
• Phloem

à¹Íé× àÂ×è;ת 1
(Plant Tissue)
¾×ªà»š¹Ê§èÔ ÁÕªÇÕ µÔ ·»èÕ ÃСͺ´ÇŒ Âà«Åŏ

Levels of Organization

http://gg.gg/jw9qg

FCell TissuEe OrganASystemTOrganism

¾ª× ໚¹ Eukaryotic cell હ‹ à´ÕÂǡѺÁ¹ÉØ Â http://gg.gg/jwbk0
¹ÇÔ à¤ÅÕÂÊÁàÕ Â×Íè ËÁ،
ÁÕÊÒþѹ¸¡Ø ÃÃÁ·Ñé§ DNA áÅÐ RNA
ÁÕ organelle ·éѧ·Õäè ÁÁ‹ ÕàÂ×èÍËÁ، áÅÐÁàÕ ÂÍ×è Ë،Á

ͧ¤» ÃСͺ·ÕèÊӤѭ...

• ¼¹§Ñ à«Åŏ »ÃСͺ´ŒÇÂÊÒÃà«ÅÅÙâÅÊ, àÎÁàÔ «ÅÅâÙ ÅÊ, ྤµ¹Ô , Å¡Ô ¹Ô¹ áÅÐÊÒÃÍè×¹æ ·Óãˌà«Åŏ¤§Ã»Ù Ãҋ §
• ¾ÅÒʵ´Ô 䴌ᡋ ¤ÅÍâþÅÒʵ ÀÒÂ㹺ÃèؤÅÍâÿÅŏ, â¤ÃâÁ¾ÅÒʵ ÀÒÂ㹺ÃèáØ ¤â÷չ áÅÐ᫹⸿Åŏ

¾×ªÁÇÕ ÔÇѲ¹Ò¡ÒÃÁÒ¨Ò¡ÊÒËÃҋ ÂÊÕà¢ÂÕ Ç http://gg.gg/jwgyb
¾×ªà»š¹¼Ù¼Œ ÅÔµÍÒËÒà áÅÐᡍÊÍÍ¡«Ôਹ
¾×ªÁÕǧªÕÇµÔ áººÊÅºÑ (Alternation of generation)

http://gg.gg/jwbxf

à¹éÍ× àÂè×;ת (Plant Tissue) 2

ËÁÒ¶֧à«ÅŏËÅÒÂæ à«ÅÅÁ ÒÍÂË٠ÇÁ¡¹Ñ áÅзÓ˹Ҍ ·Õè¤ÅŒÒÂæ ¡Ñ¹

à¹Íé× àÂèÍ× ¾ª×

¨ÓṡµÒÁ ¨ÓṡµÒÁ¡Òà ¨ÓṡµÒÁ¤ÇÒÁ
˹Ҍ ·Õè à¨Ã­Ô àµºÔ âµ ÊÒÁÒöẋ§à«Åŏ

• Dermal tissue • Primary tissue • Meristematic tissue
• Ground tissue • Secondary tissue • Permanent tissue

toooo• Vascular tissue

à¾ÁèÔ àµÔÁ... http://gg.gg/jwj22
• Dermal tissue (à¹é×ÍàÂ×èͼÔÇ)
• epidermis • Vascular tissue (à¹×éÍàÂ×èÍÅÓàÅÕ§)
• cork • Xylem
• Ground tissue (à¹Í×é àÂ×è;׹é ) • Phloem
• parenchyma
• collenchyma http://gg.gg/jwkpv
• sclerenchyma

http://gg.gg/jwkfg

à¹éÍ× àÂÍè× à¨Ã­Ô (Meristematic tissue) ***ʋ§¼Åãˌ¾ª× ÁÕ¡ÒÃà¨ÃÔ­àµºÔ âµ 3
• ẋ§à«ÅŏẺ mitosis

• à«Åŏ¢¹Ò´àÅç¡

• ¼¹Ñ§à«Åź Ò§ (primary cell wall)

• ¹ÔÇà¤ÅÂÕ ÊãË­‹

• Vacuole äÁÁ‹ Õ/àÅç¡ http://gg.gg/jwlax
• äÁÁ‹ Õ intercellular spaces

໹š à¹Íé× àÂÍ×è ·ÂèÕ Ñ§äÁÁ‹ ¡Õ ÒÃà»ÅèÕ¹û٠Ëҧ (Embryonic cell/Stem cell) à¾Íè× ä»·Ó˹ŒÒ·àèÕ ©¾ÒÐÍÂҋ §

û٠Ẻ¡ÒÃà¨Ã­Ô
• Primary growth à¾èÔÁ¤ÇÒÁʧÙ
• Secondary growth à¾ÔÁè ¢¹Ò´àʌ¹¼‹Ò¹Èٹ¡ ÅÒ§

FMeristematic tissue
Permanent tissue

ª¹Ô´¢Í§à¹×éÍàÂ×èÍà¨ÃÔ­ ầ‹ 䴌 3 ª¹´Ô

1. Apical meristem
• ¾º·è»Õ ÅÒÂÂÍ´ (Shoot Apical Meristem) áÅлÅÒÂÃÒ¡ (Root Apical Meristem)
• à¾ÁÔè ¤ÇÒÁÂÒÇãˌÅÓµ¹Œ áÅÐÃÒ¡ (à¨ÃÔ­ã¹á¹Ç´§èÔ )
• ẋ§à«ÅÅᏠºº mitosis (promeristem) à¨Ãԭ໹š à¹éÍ× àÂ×Íè à¨ÃÔ­¢éѹáá (primary meristem)
• à¹éÍ× àÂè×Íà¨Ã­Ô 3 Ãкº (¡ÅÁ‹Ø )

• Protoderm à¨Ãԭ໹š epidermis
• Ground meristem à¨Ã­Ô ໚¹ ground tissue (cortex)
• Procambium à¨Ãԭ໚¹ vascular tissue (stele)

• ¾¢·èÕ (¾×ªãºàÅÕÂé §à´ÕÂè ÇáÅÐãºàÅéÕ§¤)ً

• »ÅÒÂÂÍ´/ µÒ
• shoot apical meristem à¨Ãԭ໹š ÂÍ´
• leaf primordia à¨Ãԭ໹š ãº
• axillary buds à¨Ã­Ô ໹š ¡è§Ô

• root tip
• Root apical meristem à¨Ã­Ô ໹š »ÅÒÂÃÒ¡

https://pin.it/5pBcNNs

2. à¹é×ÍàÂ×èÍà¨Ã­Ô à˹Í× ¢ÍŒ (Intercalary meristem) 4

• Í‹à٠˹Í× ¢ŒÍ (node) Cell Wall
• à¾ÔèÁ¤ÇÒÁ¢ÒÇ»Å͌ § (Internode)
• à¨ÃÔ­àµÔºâµã¹á¹Ç´è§Ô
• ¾ºà©¾ÒÐ㹾תãºàÅÂéÕ §à´èÂÕ ÇºÒ§ª¹´Ô

3. à¹×éÍàÂ×èÍà¨Ã­Ô ´ÒŒ ¹¢ÒŒ § (Lateral meristem) Middle lamella

• ¨Ó໚¹µÍ‹ ¡ÒÃà¨Ã­Ô ¢é¹Ñ ·èÊÕ Í§ (2° growth) • ¼¹§Ñ à«ÅÅ· èÕÊÌҧ໹š ÅӴѺááËÅÑ§à¡´Ô á¼¹‹
• ẋ§à»¹š
¡Ñ¹é à«Åŏ (cell plate)
• Vascular cambium
• ÍÂÙË ÐËNjҧ 1° xylem ¡ºÑ 1° phloem • »ÃСͺ´ŒÇÂྡ·¹Ô ໚¹ËÅ¡Ñ
• ÃÒ¡¾×ªãºàÅÂÕé §¤‹Ù Primary cell wall Secondary cell wall
• ÅÓµ¹Œ ¾ª× ãºàÅÂéÕ §¤‹Ù
• äÁ‹¾ºã¹¾ª× ãºàÅéÕ§à´èÂÕ Ç • ¶Ñ´¨Ò¡ÁÔ´à´ÔÅÅÒàÁÅÅÒࢌÒÁÒ´ŒÒ¹ã¹ • ¾ºã¹à«Åž תºÒ§ª¹´Ô
• ÊÌҧ 2° xylem ·Ò§´ÒŒ ¹ã¹ • ÁàÕ «ÅÅâÙ ÅÊ໚¹Í§¤» ÃСͺËÅ¡Ñ • »ÃСͺ´ŒÇÂà«ÅÅÙâÅÊáÅÐÅ¡Ô ¹¹Ô
áÅÐ2° phloem ·Ò§´ŒÒ¹¹Í¡
• ¾ºã¹à«Åž ª× ·Ø¡ª¹Ô´
• cork cambium (phellogen)
• ÍÂãً ¹ªÑ¹é contex 㵌 epidermis ÅÔ¡¹¹Ô ª‹ÇÂà¾ÁÔè ¤ÇÒÁá¢ç§áçãˌ¡Ñºà«Åŏ¾ª×
• à»ÅÕè¹á»Å§ÁÒ¨Ò¡ parenchyma 㵌 epidermis
• ÊÌҧ periderm «ÙàºÍÃÔ¹ª‹Ç»‡Í§¡Ñ¹¡ÒÃÃÐàË¢ͧ¹Óé
• Cork ·Ò§´ŒÒ¹¹Í¡
• phelloderm ·Ò§´ŒÒ¹ã¹ ÊÒÃàËÅҋ ¹ÊÕé ÐÊÁÍÂÙ¶‹ ´Ñ à¢ÒŒ ÁҴҌ ¹ã¹¢Í§¼¹Ñ§à«Åŏ»°ÁÀÙÁÔ

• pericycle
• ÍÂÙ㋠µªŒ ¹éÑ endodermis
• ÊÌҧ peniderm ã¹ÃÒ¡¾×ªãºàÅÕÂé §¤‹Ù
• ÊÌҧÃҡᢹ§

• ¾¢·èÕ
• ÃÒ¡¾ª× ãºàÅÕ駤‹Ù
• ÅÓµŒ¹¾×ªãºàÅÂÕé §¤Ù‹

à¹Í×é àÂ×èͶÒÇà (Permanent tissue) à¹×Íé àÂÍè× ¶ÒÇÃàª§Ô à´ÕèÂÇ (simple permanent tissue) 5

• ໹š à¹é×ÍàÂÍ×è ·Õàè ¨Ã­Ô àµÁç ·Õè áÅÐË嫯 ¡ÒÃầ‹ à«ÅÅᏠºº mitosis à¹Íé× àÂÍè× ¶ÒÇÃàª§Ô «ÍŒ ¹ (Complex permanent tissue)

• ໹š à¹×éÍàÂ×èÍ·Õàè »ÅèÕ¹á»Å§ÃÙ»Ãҋ §áÅÐÊNj ¹»ÃСͺ¢Í§à«ÅÅÁ Ò¨Ò¡à¹×éÍàÂÍè× à¨ÃÔ­ (meristem) à¾×Íè ·Ó˹ŒÒ·àèÕ ©¾ÒÐÍ‹ҧ (cell differentiation)

à¹Í×é àÂè×ͶÒÇÃàªÔ§à´èÂÕ Ç (simple permanent tissue) »ÃСͺ´ÇŒ Âà«ÅŪ ¹Ô´à´ÂÕ Ç¡¹Ñ

à¹Íé× àÂèÍ× ¶ÒÇû‡Í§¡Ñ¹ (Protective tissue) • ໹š à¹Í×é àÂÍ×è ·èÁÕ ¡Ñ Í‹´Ù Ҍ ¹¹Í¡ÊØ´¢Í§ ÃÒ¡ ÅÓµ¹Œ áÅÐãº
Epidermis • ·Ó˹Ҍ ·èàÕ ÊÃÁÔ ÊÃҌ §§¤ÇÒÁᢧç áç, »Í‡ §¡¹Ñ ÍѹµÃÒ áÅÐÅ´¡ÒÃÊ­Ù àÊÂÕ ¹Óé
• »ÃСͺ´ŒÇÂ

• Epidermis
• Cork/phellem

• ʋǹãË­à‹ »¹š à«ÅŪ ѹé à´ÕÂÇàÃÂÕ §µÑǵÒÁÂÒÇ
• 㹾תãºàÅÕ駤ً ʋǹãË­à‹ »š¹à«Åŏû٠ËÅÒÂàËÅÕÂè ÁËÃ×ÍËÂÑ¡ànjÒ
• ã¹¾ª× ãºàÅÂéÕ §à´èÕÂÇ ÊNj ¹ãË­à‹ »¹š à«Åŏ ÒÇ ¢ÍºËÂÑ¡

• äÁ‹Á¤Õ ÅÍâþÅÒʵ (¡àǹŒ à«ÅŤ ÁØ )
• ÁÕ central vacuole ¢¹Ò´ãË­‹ ´¹Ñ cytoplasm ä»ÍÂÃً ÔÁà«Åŏ
• ¾ª× ¢Ò§ª¹Ô´ÁÕàÁç´ÊÕ anthocyanin ÅÐÅÒÂÍÂã‹Ù ¹ sap vacuole ઋ¹ ¡ÐËÅèÓ»ÅÕÊÕÁNj § ]ÉÕ¼ÊÁ áͻແœÅ

I¾¢·Õè
• ÃÒ¡/ÅÓµŒ¹/ãº/´Í¡/¼Å·ÕÍè ÒÂØäÁÁ‹ Ò¡
˹Ҍ ·Õè

• outer surface ÁÕ cutin (ªÑé¹ cuticle)
• »Í‡ §¡Ñ¹¡ÒÃÊÙ­àÊÕ¹éÓ
• »Í‡ §¡¹Ñ ¡ÒÃà¨ÒТͧ parasitic fungi/áÁŧ

â¤Ã§ÊÌҧ·èÕà»ÅèÂÕ ¹ä»·Ó˹ŒÒ·èÕ੾ÒÐ
• à«ÅŤ ÁØ (guard cell) ໚¹à«ÅÅ· ÕÍè Âà‹Ù »š¹¤Ù‹ ÀÒÂã¹ÁÕ chloroplast µÃ§¡Åҧ໚¹ªÍ‹ §àÃÕ¡ û٠ҡ㺠(stoma) «è§Ö µÔ´µÍ‹ ¡Ñºª‹Í§Ç‹Ò§ÃÐËÇҋ §à«Åŏ

·Ó˹ŒÒ·Õáè Å¡à»ÅÂèÕ ¹á¡Ê
• à«Åŏ·ÅÕè ͌ ÁÃͺ guard cell «Ö§è ÁÕÃٻËҧµ‹Ò§¨Ò¡ epidermis »¡µàÔ ÃÂÕ ¡ subsidiary cell/accessory cell
• µÍ‹ Á (gland) ËÃÍ× ¢¹ (hair/trichome) ·ãèÕ ºáÅÐÅÓµ¹Œ ª‹Ç»͇ §¡Ñ¹¡ÒáѴ¡¹Ô ¢Í§áÁŧ/Å´âÍ¡ÒÊ¡ÒÃÊÙ­àÊÂÕ ¹éÓ
• ˹ÒÁ (prickle) ·Ó˹ŒÒ·Õ»è ͇ §¡Ñ¹ÍѹµÃÒµ͋ ¾ª×
• ¢¹ÃÒ¡ (root hair) ·Ó˹ŒÒ·àÕè ¾ÁèÔ ¾¹é× ·Õ¼è ÔÇ㹡Òô´Ù «ÖÁ¹Óé

Parenchyma 6

• û٠ËҧËÅÒÂàËÅÂèÕ Á

• 1° cell wall

• central vacuole ¢¹Ò´ãË­‹ ´Ñ¹ cytoplasm ä»Í‹ÃÙ ÔÁà«Åŏ
• ÁÕ intercellular space àÂÍÐ

¾¢·Õè
• ÃÒ¡/ÅÓµŒ¹
• Cortex ä´áŒ ¡‹ parenchyma, chlorenchyma, aerenchyma
• stele 䴌ᡋ phloem parenchyma, xylem parenchyma, pith,

aerenchyma
• ãº
• palisade mesophyll, spongy mesophyll

˹ŒÒ·Õè
• ÊÐÊÁ¹Óé ¹Óé µÒÅ ¡Ã´ÍÐÁâÔ ¹ ¼Å¡Ö ÊÒþÉÔ To sap vacuole
• ÊÐÊÁÍÒËÒà (ủ‡ ä¢Áѹ â»ÃµÕ¹)→ leucoplast
• Êѧà¤ÃÒÐË´ ŒÇÂáʧ (ÁÕ chloroplast) -D chlorenchyma
• 椄 à¤ÃÒÐˏ carotenoid → ÁÕ chromoplast
• ÊÐÊÁ pigment ã¹ vacuole à¾Íè× ´Ö§´´Ù áÁŧ
• anthocyanin
• ¾×ª¹Óé ¨ÐÁÕ air space ·Õâè ´´à´¹‹ ª‹ÇÂ㹡ÒÃÅ͵ÇÑ → Aerenchyma
• ÊÒÁÒö redifferentiation ໹š meristematic cell 䴌͡Õ

•

• interfascicular cambium (ÁÒ¨Ò¡ pith ray)
• cork cambium

Collenchyma • ÃÙ»Ãҋ §ËÅÒÂàËÅèÂÕ Á

• ¼¹§Ñ à«ÅÅà »¹š 1° cell wall ᵋÁÕ cellulose áÅÐ pectin ÁÒÊÐÊÁµÒÁÁØÁ

• ÃÐËNjҧà«ÅŏÁÕ intercellular space ¹ŒÍÂËÃ×ÍäÁ‹ÁàÕ ÅÂ
• ÍÒËÒÃáÅйÓé 处 ÊÒÁÒöá¾Ã‹¼Ò‹ ¹à«ÅÅä ´Œ
• äÁʋ ÒÁÒö redifferentiation ໹š meristematic cell ä´ÍŒ ¡Õ

¾¢·Õè

• 㵌ªÑ¹é epidermis ¢Í§ÅÓµ¹Œ ËÃÍ× µÒÁÁØÁ¢Í§ÅÓµŒ¹·Õè໹š àËÅèÂÕ Á
• ¡ŒÒ¹ãºáÅÐàʹŒ ¡ÅÒ§ãº

***äÁ‹¾ºã¹ÃÒ¡***

˹Ҍ ·èÕ
• ÊÃҌ §¤ÇÒÁá¢ç§áçáÅÐÂ´× ËÂ؋¹ãˌ¡ºÑ à¹×Íé àÂ×Íè ¢Í§ÅÓµŒ¹

·ÂèÕ Ñ§âµäÁ‹àµçÁ·èÕ (Supporting)
• ÊÌҧ¤ÇÒÁᢧç áçᡋ¡ÒŒ ¹ãº

Sclerenchyma 7

sclereld/ stone cell

• à«Åŏ·µèÕ ÒÂáÅnj û٠Ãҋ §äÁ‹á¹‹¹Í¹ ᵋ¨ÐÁ¤Õ ÇÒÁ¡ÇŒÒ§áÅÐÂÒÇã¡ÅàŒ ¤Õ§¡Ñ¹

• ¼¹§Ñ ˹Ò໹š lignified 2° wall

• lumen = ªÍ‹ §Ç‹Ò§µÃ§¡ÅÒ§à«Åŏ

• pit canal = ʋǹ·Õäè Á‹à¡´Ô ¡ÒÃÊÐÊÁ¢Í§ lignin (¼¹§Ñ à«ÅÅÂ§Ñ à»¹š 1° wall) 㪌µ´Ô µÍ‹ ¡Ñºà«Åŏ¢ÒŒ §à¤Õ§
÷• ŌÍÁÃͺ vascular tissue á¡ÃÐËNjҧ Cortex ¡ºÑ stele
¾¢·èÕ
• Cortex ¢Í§ÅÓµŒ¹áÅÐÃÒ¡/à»ÅÍ× ¡äÁ/Œ à»Å×Í¡¼ÅäÁŒ/à¹é×ͼÅÊÒÅ/èÕ ¡ÐÅÒÁоÌÒÇ

Fiber
• à«Åŏ·èµÕ ÒÂáÅŒÇ ÃÙ»Ãҋ §ÂÒÇ áËÅÁËÑÇáËÅÁ·ŒÒÂ

• ¼¹§Ñ ˹Ò໹š lignified 2° wall
• ¼¹§Ñ ˹ÒÁÒ¡¨¹ lumen à¡×ͺ¨ÐËÒÂä»ËÁ´
¾¢·Õè
• cortex ¢Í§ÃÒ¡áÅÐÅÓµŒ¹/xylem/phloem

˹Ҍ ·èÕ • fiber
• sclereid/ stone cell • ãˤŒ ÇÒÁá¢ç§áçᡋâ¤Ã§ÊÃҌ §
• ãˌ¤ÇÒÁᢧç áçᡋâ¤Ã§ÊÃҌ § • ·Óãˌ¾×ªÁÕ¤ÇÒÁÂ״˹؋ ÊÒÁÒö⤌§§ÍáÅÐÃѺ¹Óé ˹ѡ䴌 (elasticity)

Endodermis

• ¼¹§Ñ ºÒ§ àÃÂÕ §á¶Çà´ÕÂÇÍÑ´á¹¹‹

• ¹Óé ÊÒÁÒö¼‹Ò¹à¢ÒŒ ÍÍ¡à«ÅÅä ´ŒºÃàÔ Ç³ passage cell

• Ã͵͋ ÃÐËÇҋ §à«ÅŏÂÖ´á¹¹‹ ´ŒÇ suberin/cellulose/lignin

• casparian strip

• suberin + Cellulose + lignin (¾ª× ãºàÅéÕ§à´ÕèÂÇ)

• suberin (¾ª× ãºàÅÂéÕ §¤‹Ù)

¾¢·Õè

• ÃÒ¡¾ª× ·Ø¡ª¹´Ô ᵋàË繪Ѵ㹾ª× ãºàÅéÕ§à´èÕÂÇ

˹Ҍ ·èÕ

• ¤Çº¤ØÁ¡ÒÃࢌÒÍÍ¡¢Í§¹Óé ÃÐËÇҋ § Cortex áÅÐ Xylem

Phellem (cork) 8

• à«ÅŏËÅÒªé¹Ñ ·Ã§ÊàèÕ ËÅÕèÂÁ ¼¹§Ñ Ë¹Ò àÃÂÕ §ªÔ´¡¹Ñ µÒÁÂÒÇ
• Á¡Õ ÒÃÊÐÊÁ¢Í§ suberin (fatty acid, wax)

• ¹Óé , ÍÍ¡«àÔ ¨¹, ¼‹Ò¹à¢ÒŒ ÍÍ¡äÁ‹ä´Œ = à«Åŵ ÒÂ

O¾¢·èÕ

• ÃÒ¡/ÅÓµ¹Œ ·ÕèÁÕÍÒÂÁØ Ò¡ (ÁÕ 2° growth)
• àÃÕ§µÑÇͪ‹Ù é¹Ñ ¹Í¡Ê´Ø ¢Í§ÅÓµŒ¹ á·¹·ªÕè ¹éÑ epidermis
• ÍÂÙ´‹ ŒÒ¹¹Í¡µÍ‹ ¡Ñº cork cambium
D˹ŒÒ·èÕ
• »Í‡ §¡¹Ñ ÍѹµÃÒ¨ҡ biotic ઋ¹ àªé×Íâä áÁŧ
• »‡Í§¡Ñ¹ÍѹµÃÒ¨ҡ abiotic હ‹ 俻҆ ÊÀÒ¾áÇ´Å͌ Á·àèÕ Âç¹ËÃ×ÍÃ͌ ¹à¡Ô¹ä»
• ÃÍÂᵡ (lenticel) ·Õàè ¡Ô´¨Ò¡¡Òôѹ¢Í§ Cork ª‹ÇÂáÅ¡à»ÅÕè¹á¡Ê áÅФÒ¹éÓ

Phelloderm

• à«ÅŏËÅÒÂªÑ¹é ·Ã§¡ÅÁ ¼¹§Ñ ¢Ò§ ÁªÕ ‹Í§Ç‹Ò§ÃÐËNjҧ
à«Åŏ = parenchyma (ÁÕªÕÇµÔ )

• ¨ÐÃÇÁ໹š ʋǹ˹Ö觢ͧªé¹Ñ Cortex

O¾¢·Õè

• ÍÂÙ´‹ ŒÒ¹ã¹µÍ‹ ¡ºÑ cork cambium
D˹Ҍ ·Õè

• ÊÐÊÁÊÒÃÍÒËÒÃáÅÐáø‹ ÒµØ

µÇÑ ÍÂҋ §¢ŒÍÊͺ

¾¨Ô ÒóҢ͌ ¤ÇÒÁµ‹Í仹éÕ
¡. à«ÅÅâÙ ÅÊ໚¹Í§¤»ÃСͺ·ÕÊè ÒÁÒö¾ºä´Œ·é§Ñ ¼¹§Ñ à«ÅÅ» °ÁÀÁÙ áÔ Åм¹§Ñ à«ÅÅ· µØ ÂÔ ÀÙÁÔ
¢. à«Åž ª× ºÒ§ª¹´Ô ·ÕÁè Õ¼¹Ñ§à«ÅÅ· µØ ÂÔ ÀÙÁÍÔ Ò¨¨ÐÁÕ¡ÒÃÊÐÊÁÊÒÃ¾Ç¡Å¡Ô ¹¹Ô ËÃ×Í«ÙàºÍÃÔ¹

·¼èÕ ¹Ñ§à«ÅÅä ´Œ
¤. ¾ÅÒÊâÁà´ÊÁÒµÒ (plasmodesmata) ã¹à«Åŏ·èÁÕ ¼Õ ¹Ñ§à«Åŏ·ØµÔÂÀÁÙ ãÔ ªŒã¹

¡Òõ´Ô µÍ‹ Ê×Íè ÊÒÃÃÐËÇҋ §à«ÅÅä ´Œ
¢ŒÍ¤ÇÒÁ㴵͋ 仹é¡Õ Åҋ Ƕ١µÍŒ §

1. ¡ 2. ¡ áÅÐ ¢ 3. ¡ áÅÐ ¤ 4. ¢ áÅÐ ¤ 5. ¡ ¢ áÅÐ ¤

à¹×éÍàÂ×èͶÒÇÃàª§Ô «ÍŒ ¹ (complex permanent tissue) »ÃСͺ´ŒÇÂà«ÅÅÁ Ò¡¡Çҋ 1 ª¹´Ô ÁÒ·Ó˹ŒÒ·ÕèËÇÁ¡Ñ¹ 9

Xylem = ¡Å‹ÁØ à¹Í×é àÂèÍ× ·Õ»è ÃСͺ¡Ñ¹·Ó˹ŒÒ·ÕÅè ÓàÅÂÕ §¹Óé áÅÐá˸ҵØ

tracheid vessel

• à«Åŏ·µÕè ÒÂáÅŒÇ • à«Åŏ·Õµè ÒÂáÅnj

• à«ÅŏÂÒÇ áËÅÁËÑÇáËÅÁ·ŒÒ ¢¹Ò´àÅç¡ • à«ÅÅ» ͇ ÁÊé¹Ñ ËÇÑ ·ŒÒºŒÒ¹ ¢¹Ò´ãË­µ‹ ͋ ¡Ñ¹à»¹š ·‹ÍÂÒÇ

• ¼¹§Ñ à«ÅÅÁ Õ lignin ÁÒà¡ÒÐ (= 2° cell wall) • ¼¹Ñ§à«ÅÅÁ Õ lignin ÁÒà¡ÒÐ (= 2° cell wall)

• ª‹Í§à»´ Ãͺà«Åŏ¨ÐäÁ‹ÁÕ¡ÒÃÊÐÊÁ¢Í§ lignin (= 1° cell wall) • ªÍ‹ §à»´´ŒÒ¹»ÅÒ = perforation plate

• pit ¨ÐÍÂً໚¹¤Ù¡‹ Ѻà«Åŏ¢ŒÒ§à¤Õ§ (pit-pair) 㪵Œ ´Ô µ‹ÍÊÍè× ÊÒÃÃÐËÇҋ §à«Åŏ • ¤ÇÒÁ˹Ҩҡ¡ÒÃÊÐÊÁ¢Í§ lignin ·äèÕ Áà‹ ·Ò‹ ¡Ñ¹·ÓãËàŒ Ëç¹à»š¹ÃٻËҧẺµ‹Ò§æ
• ¾ºã¹¾×ªÁշ͋ ÅÓàÅÕ§·¡Ø ª¹´Ô (ËÇÒ·йͨ¹¶Ö§¾×ª´Í¡)
હ‹ annular, spiral, scalariform, reticulate, pitted

˹ŒÒ·èÕ • pit = ªÍ‹ §à»´Ãͺà«Åŏ
• ÅÓàÅÕ§¹éÓáÅÐáø‹ ҵبҡÃÒ¡Êً㺠(transduction) • ¾ºã¹¾ª× ªéѹʧ٠(¾ª× ´Í¡áÅÐÁÐàÁ×èÍ (Gnetum)]

˹Ҍ ·Õè

• ÅÓàÅÕ§¹Óé áÅÐáø‹ ÒµØ

xylem parenchyma xylem fiber
• à«Åŏ·ÁÕè ÕªÕÇÔµàËÁÍ× ¹ parenchyma ºÃÔàdzÍ×è¹æ • à«Åŏ·èÕµÒÂáÅnj
• àÃÂÕ §µÇÑ ã¹á¹ÇÃÑÈÁÕ • à¡´Ô ¨Ò¡¡ÒÃÊÐÊÁ¢Í§ lignin

˹Ҍ ·Õè ˹Ҍ ·Õè
• ÅÓàÅÂÕ §¹éÓáÅÐáË¸ÒµØ • ÊÃҌ §¤ÇÒÁá¢ç§áçãËጠ¡â‹ ¤Ã§ÊÃҌ §
• xylem ray

Phloem = ¡ÅÁ‹Ø à¹×Íé àÂÍè× ·»èÕ ÃСͺ¡Ñ¹·Ó˹Ҍ ·èÕÅÓàÅÂÕ §ÍÒËÒà 10

sieve tube member companion cell
• à«ÅÅ· ÕÁè ªÕ ÇÕ Ôµ • à«Åŏ·ÁèÕ ªÕ ÇÕ Ôµ â´Â໹š à«Åŏ parenchyma ¢ŒÒ§à¤ÂÕ §ª¹´Ô ˹Ö觷áÕè ·Ã¡
• à«ÅÅ» ͇ ÁʹéÑ ËÇÑ ·ŒÒºҹ ¢¹Ò´ãË­µ‹ ͋ ¡¹Ñ ໹š ·Í‹ ÂÒÇ
• 1 ª‹Í§à»´´ŒÒ¹»ÅÒÂàËÁ×͹ÃÙµÐá¡Ã§ = sieve plate Í‹ÃÙ ÐËÇҋ § sieve tube member
• ÁÕ plasmodesmata ໚¹¨Ó¹Ç¹ÁÒ¡ à¾×èÍ¡ÒÃäËÅàÇÂÕ ¹¢Í§ä«â· • à«Åŏ¼ÍÁ ¼¹Ñ§ºÒ§ »ÃСºµÔ´¡ºÑ sieve tube member
• ÁÕ plasmodesmata ¨Ó¹Ç¹ÁÒ¡à¾è×ÍãªãŒ ¹¡ÒÃäËÅàÇÂÕ ¹¢Í§ä«â·
¾ÅÒ«ÖÁ¡Ñºà«Åŏ¢ŒÒ§à¤Õ§
• äÁ‹Á¡Õ ÒÃÊÐÊÁ¢Í§ lignin, suberin (= 1° cell wall) ¾ÅÒ«ÁÖ ¡ºÑ sieve tube member
• àÁÍ×è ÍÒÂÁØ Ò¡¢éÖ¹ ¹ÇÔ à¤ÅÂÕ ÊáÅÐÍÍÃᏠ¡à¹Åŵ ҋ §æ ¨ÐÊÅÒÂä«â·¾ÅÒ • ¾ºã¹¾×ª´Í¡áÅÐÁÐàÁÍè× Â

«ÖÁŴŧÀÒÂã¹ 1 »‚ ¡àǹŒ µ¹Œ certain palm ·Õè sieve tube ˹ŒÒ·Õè
member ÁªÕ ÕÇµÔ ÂÒǹҹ¶§Ö 100 »‚ • à«Åŏ¼ŒªÙ Nj ¢ͧ sleve tube member ª‹ÇÂà¤ÅèÍ× ¹ÂҌ ¹Óé µÒŨҡ

• ¾ºã¹¾ª× ÁÕ·‹ÍÅÓàÅÂÕ §·Ø¡ª¹´Ô (ËÇÒ·йͨ¹¶Ö§¾ª× ´Í¡) à«Åŏµ¹Œ ·Ò§à¨ŒÒÊً sieve tube member

˹ŒÒ·èÕ
• ÅÓàÅÂÕ §ÍÒËÒÃã¹Ã»Ù ¢Í§¹éÓµÒÅ«âÙ ¤ÃʨҡáËŧ‹ ¼ÅµÔ Êá‹Ù Ëŋ§ÊÐÊÁ

ÍÒËÒÃ

phloem parenchyma phloem flber
• à«ÅÅ· èÁÕ ªÕ ÕÇµÔ àËÁÍ× ¹ parenchyma ºÃÔàdzÍè×¹æ • à«ÅÅ· ÕèµÒÂáŌÇ
•. àÃÕ§µÇÑ ã¹á¹ÇÃÈÑ ÁÕ • à¡Ô´¨Ò¡¡ÒÃÊÐÊÁ¢Í§ lignin

˹Ҍ ·Õè ˹Ҍ ·Õè
• ÅÓàÅÕ§¹Óé ´ÒŒ ¹¢ŒÒ§ = phloem ray • ÊÃҌ §¤ÇÒÁá¢ç§áçãˌᡋâ¤Ã§ÊÃҌ §